CN102680804A - Lightning electric field change signal measuring system and method - Google Patents
Lightning electric field change signal measuring system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lightning electric field change signal measuring system, relating to the technical field of meteorological monitoring. The lightning electric field change signal measuring system comprises a detection antenna, an electric field rapid-change receiver and a signal processing module, wherein the electric field rapid-change receiver is respectively connected with the detection antenna and the signal processing module; the detection antenna is used for transmitting an electric field change signal generated by induced lightning to the electric field rapid-change receiver; the electric field rapid-change receiver is used for processing the electric field change signal to obtain a lightning electric field rapid-change signal and transmitting the lightning electric field rapid-change signal to the signal processing module; and the signal processing module is used for acquiring and processing the lightning electric field rapid-change signal to obtain a lightning electric field slow-change signal. The invention also discloses a lightning electric field change signal measuring method corresponding to the measuring system. The lightning electric field change signal measuring system and method disclosed by the invention realize integrated measurement of lightning electric field rapid-change and slow-change signals.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the weather monitoring technical field, particularly a kind of lightning electric field change Signal Measurement System and method.
Background technology
Lightning is one of the most serious disaster of China, because it has characteristics such as big electric current, strong electromagnetic radiation, usually causes accidents such as forest fire, oil depot blast, power failure, communication failure, damage of facilities, also causes casualties easily.According to conservative estimation, the thousands of people of casualties that China causes because of the thunder calamity every year, direct economic loss surpasses several hundred million units, and indirect economic loss that causes thus and influence are difficult to estimate, the lightning disaster has fed through to the every aspect of all trades and professions and life.
Lightning as a kind of length apart from electric discharge phenomena; Can produce stronger electromagnetic radiation; Each lightning discharge all comprises the discharge subprocess of various frequencies; On the electric field waveform character, show multi-form pulse,, disclosed the basic physical process of lightning discharge through observational study to these electric field change pulses.Simultaneously, lightning electric field change waveform also be illustrate the lightning electromagnetic radiation to the mechanism of action of electronic equipment, estimate the important foundation of protective benefits, research lightning electromagnetic pulse safeguard procedures.
Therefore, lightning electric field change acquisition of signal is the important tool of thunder and lightning physics and lightning protection research always.For a long time, the equipment that is used for measuring the lightning electric field change both at home and abroad comprises two kinds: fast change detection appearance of lightning electric field (usually being called fast antenna) and the slow change detection appearance of lightning electric field (usually being called slow antenna).Both are used for observing the discharge of the different scale in the Lightning Process respectively.Generally; The fast change detection appearance of lightning electric field is used for observing the fast discharge process of Lightning Process; Such as prebreakdown process, counterattack process, leader process, K process etc.; And electric field slow-changing signals detection instrument mainly is used for observing the slow discharge process in the Lightning Process, like CC (duration is the hundreds of millisecond) etc.Its detection principle is following: the metal inductive plate can produce induced charge under extraneous effect of electric field;, lightning can cause when taking place when space electric field changes; The variation of space electric field can cause the induced charge on the sheet metal to change thereupon; Because of changing the electric current that produces, induced charge will flow through integrating circuit, output and the linear voltage of electric field change after the integration conditioning.The difference of fast change detection appearance of lightning electric field and the slow change detection appearance of lightning electric field is the different of integration time constant, and the time constant of the general fast change detection appearance of lightning electric field is the millisecond magnitude, and the time constant of the slow change detection appearance of lightning electric field is a second-time.
Though above-mentioned detection method and means are widely used; But in the actual observation test, particularly when closely lightning is observed, such as the observation of manual activation lightning; Find traditional electric field change sniffer; Especially the slow change detection device of lightning electric field, the electric field intensity scope that can measure is big inadequately, saturated problem often occurs responding for stronger closely lightning.In order to address this problem; The scientific research personnel has also taked some relative measures; Main means are started with for the value of R (resistance) and C (electric capacity) in the adjusting integrating circuit; But because the limitation of current device technology level, some corresponding measures also are difficult to reach the closely requirement of lightning counterattack intensity.And the fast variable signal of lightning electric field adopts different device measurings respectively with slow-changing signals, and integrated degree is not high.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters that (one) will solve
The technical matters that the present invention will solve is: how to realize the integrated measurement that the lightning electric field changes soon, slowly.
(2) technical scheme
For solving the problems of the technologies described above; The invention provides a kind of lightning electric field change Signal Measurement System; Comprise: exploring antenna, electric field change receiver, signal processing module soon, and said electric field changes receiver soon and connects said exploring antenna and said signal processing module respectively;
Said exploring antenna is used for that the electric field change signal that the lightning of sensing produces is transferred to said electric field and changes receiver soon;
Said electric field changes receiver soon and is used to handle said electric field change signal, obtaining the fast variable signal of lightning electric field, and the fast variable signal of said lightning electric field is transferred to said signal processing module;
Said signal processing module is used for triggering collection and handles the fast variable signal of said lightning electric field to obtain lightning electric field slow-changing signals.
Wherein, Said signal processing module comprises: digitizer and digital processing unit; Said digitizer connects said digital processing unit respectively and said electric field changes receiver soon; Transfer to said digital processing unit after the fast variable signal digitizing of said lightning electric field that is used for receiving, the lightning electric field fast variable signal of said digital processing unit after to digitizing carries out the deconvolution digital signal processing and obtains said lightning electric field slow-changing signals.
Wherein, Also comprise: gps antenna and GPS receiver; Said gps antenna connects said GPS receiver; Said GPS receiver connects said signal processing module, and said gps antenna receives gps satellite signal and also transfers to said GPS receiver, the temporal information that said signal processing module triggers said GPS receiver output lightning when handling the fast variable signal of said lightning electric field when taking place.
Wherein, also comprise: memory module, connect said digital processing unit and GPS receiver, be used to store the temporal information that comprises when the fast variable signal of lightning electric field, lightning electric field slow-changing signals and lightning take place.
Wherein, also comprise the dedicated processes platform towards instrument system, said digitizer, digital processing unit, GPS receiver and memory module are integrated in said on the dedicated processes platform of instrument system.
Wherein, said exploring antenna is the ring plate antenna that is shaped as hollow, and said gps antenna is mushroom hair style antenna, and the head of induced signal is positioned on the platen surface of said ring plate antenna, and afterbody is arranged in the looping pit of said ring plate antenna.
Wherein, Also comprise insulator, shielding bin and bracing frame, said insulator connects said exploring antenna and said shielding bin, and said electric field changes receiver soon and is positioned at said shielding bin; Support frame as described above connects the shielding bin, is used to support said exploring antenna, insulator and shielding bin.
The present invention also provides a kind of lightning electric field change signal measurement method, may further comprise the steps:
S1: the electric field change signal that the induction lightning produces obtains the fast variable signal of lightning electric field after the electric field change signal nursed one's health integration;
S2: fast variable signal processing obtains lightning electric field slow-changing signals to the lightning electric field.
Wherein, said step S2 specifically comprises:
S2.1: judge whether the fast variable signal of lightning electric field satisfies the preset trigger condition;
S2.2: the fast variable signal of lightning electric field that satisfies the preset trigger condition is carried out the deconvolution digital signal processing obtain lightning electric field slow-changing signals.
Wherein, also comprise gps time information when obtaining lightning takes place.
(3) beneficial effect
Lightning electric field change measuring system of the present invention and method; Change receiver soon through electric field and obtain the fast variable signal of lightning electric field; And the fast variable signal of lightning electric field handled obtain lightning electric field slow-changing signals; Realize integrated measurement fast to the lightning electric field, slow-changing signals, efficiently solved the saturated problem of the slow change detection output of lightning electric field that lightning overflow closely causes.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of lightning electric field change measuring system structural representation of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation that electric field changes receiver soon among Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 be adopt traditional electric field fast/the fast slow-changing signals of electric field that slow change detection appearance obtains and to the signal output waveform comparison diagram after the fast variable signal deconvolution of electric field;
Fig. 4 is a kind of lightning electric field change measuring method process flow diagram of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is system works flow process figure shown in Figure 1.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, specific embodiments of the invention describes in further detail.Following examples are used to explain the present invention, but are not used for limiting scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1; The lightning electric field change measuring system of present embodiment comprises: the plate aerial 1, the electric field that are used to survey the electric field change signal that lightning produces change receiver 5 and signal processing module soon, and electric field changes receiver 5 soon and connects plate aerial 1 and signal processing module respectively.The electric field change signal that plate aerial produces the lightning of sensing transfers to electric field and changes receiver 5 soon; Electric field changes the electric field change signal of 5 pairs of lightnings generations of receiver soon to be handled; Transfer to signal processing module promptly through the fast variable signal of acquisition lightning electric field behind the signal condition integration, and with the fast variable signal of lightning electric field; The signal processing module triggering collection is also handled the fast variable signal of lightning electric field to obtain lightning electric field slow-changing signals.
Electric field changes receiver 5 soon and is the integration modulate circuit; Main effect is through being converted to the fast variable signal of lightning electric field with input signal; Its schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 2; Comprise integrating amplifier 51, traffic filter 52, drive parts such as output 53, impedance matching 54, time constant is ms or hundred microsecond magnitudes, and bandwidth is 1K～5MHz; Wherein integrating circuit can adopt active integration or passive integration.The signal that is received is the induced signal of plate aerial 1, and signal flows to signal processing module after the integration conditioning.
Signal processing module comprises in the present embodiment: digitizer 8 and digital processing unit 9 (can be FPGA or CPLD program numbers processor), digitizer 8 is connected with digital processing unit 9.Digitizer 8 is also referred to as data collecting card; Can realize converting the fast variable signal of lightning electric field (simulating signal) of integration modulate circuit output to digital signal; While transmission of digital signals to digital processing unit 9; Digital processing unit 9 carries out deconvolution with the fast variable signal of lightning electric field after the digitizing to be handled, and obtains plate aerial 1 and surveys the original signal that obtains.The original signal that deconvolution obtains is a broadband signal that comprises lightning electric field slow-changing signals; Also comprise the fast variable signal of lightning electric field; But; It is apparent in view that lightning electric field slow-changing signals embodies, and the slow measure of the change appearance of lightning electric field of general present stage also is this broadband signal of measuring, and lightning electric field slow-changing signals of the present invention refers to this broadband signal.
Certainly; In order directly to obtain lightning electric field slow-changing signals; The long-time integration (integration constant is generally got second-time) of lightning electric field slow-changing signals can use electric field to change receiver (a kind of integration modulate circuit) slowly, owing to can make the requirement of the voltage of output above electronic devices and components.For this reason; The present invention obtains the electric field slow-changing signals through the fast variable signal of lightning electric field through digital signal processing; Method is following: the low frequency composition that the process electric field changes the electric field change output signal behind the receiver conditioning integration soon is suppressed; Have less amplitude output signal, can reliable measuring.How to change the method for input signal (generally representing) if know the integration modulate circuit, so just can reduce original signal with transport function.Specific as follows:
Through the signal E that imports by plate aerial before the integration conditioning; Output signal through behind the signal condition integrating circuit is U; If the transport function of signal condition integrating circuit is H, then the input/output relation of time domain does, U (t)=E (t) * H (t); Wherein U (t) is the simulating signal of directly gathering with digitizer, and " * " representes convolution algorithm.U (t)=E (t) * H (t) is carried out the deconvolution computing, and H (t) and U (t) parameter for recording obtains original input signal E (t) through the deconvolution computing.The signal U (t) that electric field changes receiver output soon has less amplitude, usually when integration constant is 0.1ms, is in 10 volts to the output voltage of lightning closely, saturation problem can not occur.Fig. 3 shows and adopts the fast slow-changing signals of electric field that traditional electric field speed change detection appearance obtains and to the output signal after the fast variable signal deconvolution of electric field; Can find out; The lightning electric field slow-changing signals of traditional approach actual measurement is saturated; Through the fast variable signal deconvolution of lightning electric field having been obtained comprising the signal of the slow change information of lightning electric field; The lightning electric field slow-changing signals that this signal is surveyed at variation part slowly and traditional approach has consistance, and lightning electric field slow-changing signals saturation problem can not occur.
Present embodiment changes receiver soon through electric field and obtains the fast variable signal of lightning electric field, and the fast variable signal of lightning electric field handled obtains lightning electric field slow-changing signals, realized to the lightning electric field soon, the integrated measurement that changes slowly.Employing is to the mode of the fast variable signal deconvolution of lightning electric field; Saturated problem often appears responding in the closely lightning for stronger that the electric field intensity scope of having avoided traditional slow change detection appearance of lightning electric field to measure causes greatly inadequately, thereby has realized the closely reliable detection of lightning electric field change signal of high strength.
Further; Also comprise: gps antenna 2, GPS receiver 11, memory module 10; GPS receiver 11, memory module 10, digitizer 8 and digital processing unit 9; Dedicated processes platform through towards instrument system integrates, and this proprietary extensions platform comprises: platforms such as PCI, PXI or PCIE, adopt PXI platform 12 that GPS receiver 11, memory module 10, digitizer 8 and digital processing unit 9 are integrated in the present embodiment; PXI platform 12 is for industrial data collection and the customized modular instrument platform of automation application, has Time BUS.Gps antenna 2 connects GPS receiver 11, and GPS receiver 11 all is connected memory module 10 with digital processing unit 9.Gps antenna 2 is used to obtain gps satellite signal, and this gps satellite signal is transferred to GPS receiver 11.Digitizer 8 is being transferred to digital processing unit 9 with the lightning electric field after the fast variable signal digitizing.
GPS receiver 11 linking number WPs 9; Digital processing unit 9 is judged trigger condition; (being the signal U (t) that electric field changes receiver output soon) surpassed the activation threshold value set or other trigger conditions (as: the signalization amplitude surpassed 0.5V if the fast variable signal of lightning electric field; And rising edge triggers), just trigger GPS receiver 11 output time informations; Or GPS receiver 11 connects digitizers 8, and digitizer 8 is judged trigger conditions, satisfying under the situation of trigger condition, and the fast variable signal of transmission lightning electric field triggers GPS receiver 11 output time informations when giving digital processing unit 9.
GPS receiver in the present embodiment is a PXI bus type receiver.Memory module 10 is used to store the precise time information that comprises when the fast variable signal of lightning electric field, lightning electric field slow-changing signals, survey station spatial positional information and lightning take place.
Further; It is induction medium that plate aerial 1 adopts metal plate, and the induced charge above it can change with the variation of space electric field, is used for surveying the variable signal of lightning generation time space electric field; Design shape is the ring plate of hollow, and hollow space is used for installing gps antenna 2; Gps antenna is for adopting the mushroom hair style antenna of insulating material encapsulation; Can survey transmitting of gps satellite; Its lower end places the hollow space of plate aerial 1, and seals to prevent that rainwater from flowing into, in order to prevent the shielding action of metal plate to signal; The metal plate that the sensing part of gps antenna 2 is in plate aerial 1 above water forms the antenna integrated of plate aerial 1 and gps antenna 2.This antenna integrated employing coaxial cable output signal, wherein plate aerial 1 directly is transferred to electric field with signal and changes receiver 5 soon, and gps antenna 2 is transferred to GPS receiver 11 with signal.
Further, also comprise insulator 3, shielding bin 4, support bar 6 and base for supporting 7.Insulator 3 is the high-tension insulator (nominal insulation voltage 50kV) of compound substance; Its geometrical construction is a hollow structure; Be used for insulating between antenna integrated and the ground, play simultaneously and support antenna integrated effect, its hollow space is used for through antenna integrated coaxial signal transmission line; Insulator two ends up and down links to each other with shielding bin 4 with antenna integrated respectively.
Wherein shield bin 4, adopt metal material to make, be used for placing electric field and change receiver 5 soon, the effectively interference of shielding space electromagnetic field, the effect of playing shielding simultaneously and supporting, its underpart links to each other with support bar 6.
Wherein support bar 6 and base for supporting 7 adopt stainless steel material to make, and wherein support bar 6 is a hollow structure, and top links to each other with shielding bin 4, and the bottom links to each other with base for supporting 7, support shielding bin 4 and are used for the coaxial cable through transmission signals; Be processed with fixed orifice above the base for supporting 7, top links to each other with support bar 6, is used for system being fixed setting up when laying (or).
The present invention also provides a kind of and has utilized above-mentioned lightning electric field change measuring system to measure the method for lightning electric field change, as shown in Figure 4 comprising:
Step S401, through the electric field change signal that plate aerial 1 induction lightning produces, electric field changes soon and obtains the fast variable signal of lightning electric field after 5 pairs of electric field change signals of receiver are nursed one's health integration.Plate aerial 1 has big bandwidth, can survey the fast slow-changing signals of lightning electric field.
Step S402, signal processing module carry out the deconvolution digital signal processing to the fast variable signal of lightning electric field and obtain lightning electric field slow-changing signals.Specifically comprise: in order to get rid of the interference of non-lightning electromagnetic signal; Judge that whether the fast variable signal of lightning electric field satisfies preset trigger condition (as: rising edge triggering and signal amplitude are set surpass 0.5V), carries out the deconvolution digital signal processing to the fast variable signal of lightning electric field that satisfies the preset trigger condition and obtains lightning electric field slow-changing signals.
When measuring, also comprise through gps antenna 2 and survey the gps satellite signal of measuring the place, after obtaining the fast variable signal of lightning electric field, pass through GPS receiver 11 output time informations.
A kind of concrete control flow of above-mentioned lightning electric field change measuring system is as shown in Figure 5, after system starts working, when not having lightning to take place, is in and waits for the triggering state, and signal processing module constantly becomes digital signal with analog signal conversion; When lightning takes place; If the fast variable signal of lightning electric field has surpassed the activation threshold value of setting (or other trigger conditions); Then carry out deconvolution and handle, export trigger pip simultaneously and give GPS receiver 11, GPS receiver 11 output time information after receiving trigger pip is given PXI platform 12; The fast electric field data of signal processing module after to digitizing carry out the deconvolution digital signal processing, obtain to comprise after the original signal of the slow change information of lightning electric field and the slow delta data of electric field and the fast delta data of electric field to be outputed to memory module preserve; And with the precise time of GPS output its as Data Filename, with convenient record and inquiry.
Above embodiment only is used to explain the present invention; And be not limitation of the present invention; The those of ordinary skill in relevant technologies field under the situation that does not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can also be made various variations and modification; Therefore all technical schemes that are equal to also belong to category of the present invention, and scope of patent protection of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. a lightning electric field change Signal Measurement System is characterized in that, comprising: exploring antenna, electric field change receiver, signal processing module soon, and said electric field changes receiver soon and connects said exploring antenna and said signal processing module respectively;
Said exploring antenna is used for that the electric field change signal that the lightning of sensing produces is transferred to said electric field and changes receiver soon;
Said electric field changes receiver soon and is used to handle said electric field change signal, obtaining the fast variable signal of lightning electric field, and the fast variable signal of said lightning electric field is transferred to said signal processing module;
Said signal processing module is used for triggering collection and handles the fast variable signal of said lightning electric field to obtain lightning electric field slow-changing signals.
2. lightning electric field change Signal Measurement System as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said signal processing module comprises: digitizer and digital processing unit; Said digitizer connects said digital processing unit respectively and said electric field changes receiver soon; Transfer to said digital processing unit after the fast variable signal digitizing of said lightning electric field that is used for receiving, the lightning electric field fast variable signal of said digital processing unit after to digitizing carries out the deconvolution digital signal processing and obtains said lightning electric field slow-changing signals.
3. lightning electric field change Signal Measurement System as claimed in claim 2; It is characterized in that; Also comprise: gps antenna and GPS receiver, said gps antenna connect said GPS receiver, and said GPS receiver connects said signal processing module; Said gps antenna receives gps satellite signal and also transfers to said GPS receiver, the temporal information that said signal processing module triggers said GPS receiver output lightning when handling the fast variable signal of said lightning electric field when taking place.
4. lightning electric field change Signal Measurement System as claimed in claim 3; It is characterized in that; Also comprise: memory module, connect said digital processing unit and GPS receiver, be used to store the temporal information that comprises when the fast variable signal of lightning electric field, lightning electric field slow-changing signals and lightning take place.
5. lightning electric field change Signal Measurement System as claimed in claim 4; It is characterized in that; Also comprise the dedicated processes platform towards instrument system, said digitizer, digital processing unit, GPS receiver and memory module are integrated in said on the dedicated processes platform of instrument system.
6. lightning electric field change Signal Measurement System as claimed in claim 3; It is characterized in that; Said exploring antenna is the ring plate antenna that is shaped as hollow; Said gps antenna is mushroom hair style antenna, and the head of induced signal is positioned on the platen surface of said ring plate antenna, and afterbody is arranged in the looping pit of said ring plate antenna.
7. lightning electric field change Signal Measurement System as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; Also comprise insulator, shielding bin and bracing frame, said insulator connects said exploring antenna and said shielding bin, and said electric field changes receiver soon and is positioned at said shielding bin; Support frame as described above connects the shielding bin, is used to support said exploring antenna, insulator and shielding bin.
8. a lightning electric field change signal measurement method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
S1: the electric field change signal that the induction lightning produces obtains the fast variable signal of lightning electric field after the electric field change signal nursed one's health integration;
S2: fast variable signal processing obtains lightning electric field slow-changing signals to the lightning electric field.
9. lightning electric field change signal measurement method as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that said step S2 specifically comprises:
S2.1: whether that judges the fast variable signal of lightning electric field satisfies the preset trigger condition;
S2.2: the fast variable signal of lightning electric field that satisfies the preset trigger condition is carried out the deconvolution digital signal processing obtain lightning electric field slow-changing signals.
10. like claim 8 or 9 described lightning electric field change signal measurement methods, it is characterized in that, also comprise the gps time information when obtaining lightning takes place.
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| CN103543341B (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2016-09-07 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | The lightning fast the slow electric field change measurement antenna that anti-raindrop is charged |
| CN104330751A (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2015-02-04 | 南京信息工程大学 | Lightning transient three-dimensional magnetic field sensor |
| CN104977478B (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2018-04-27 | 国网电力科学研究院武汉南瑞有限责任公司 | One kind digitlization lightning electric field change Signal Measurement System and its measuring method |
| CN104977478A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-10-14 | 国网电力科学研究院武汉南瑞有限责任公司 | Measurement system for digital lightning electric field changing signal and measurement method thereof |
| WO2017016140A1 (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2017-02-02 | 国网电力科学研究院武汉南瑞有限责任公司 | Digital measurement system for measuring lightning electric field change signal, and measurement method thereof |
| CN106093601A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2016-11-09 | 中国气象科学研究院 | A kind of target lightning electric field change signal acquiring system and method |
| CN106646477A (en) * | 2016-12-31 | 2017-05-10 | 中国气象科学研究院 | Ionospheric D layer detection system and method based on multi-station lightning low-frequency pulse signals |
| CN106646477B (en) * | 2016-12-31 | 2019-10-29 | 中国气象科学研究院 | D-layer detection system and method based on multistation lightning low frequency pulse signal |
| CN106908860A (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-06-30 | 四川中光防雷科技股份有限公司 | A kind of Lightning Warning system |
| CN108226723A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-06-29 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | A kind of method and system of plate electrode for determining simulation lightning stroke process overhead transmission line near-zone electric fields |
| CN109829408A (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2019-05-31 | 中国科学技术大学 | Intelligent lightening recognition device based on convolutional neural networks |
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