CN102645699A - Low-attenuation bend-insensitive single-mode fiber - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a low-attenuation bend-insensitive single-mode fiber, which is used in a fiber communication system and comprises a core layer and three claddings. The low-attenuation bend-insensitive single-mode fiber is characterized in that the relative refractive index difference delta1 of the core layer ranges from 0.1% to 0.30%, the radius R1 of the core layer ranges from 3.5 micrometers to 4.5 micrometers, the three claddings are arranged on the outside of the core layer, the first cladding is an inner cladding tightly encircling the core layer, the relative refractive index difference delta2 of the inner cladding ranges from -0.1% to 0.1%, the radius R2 of the inner cladding ranges from 8 micrometers to 10 micrometers, the second cladding is a depressed cladding tightly encircling the inner cladding, the relative refractive index difference delta3 of the depressed cladding ranges from -0.4% to -0.1%, the delta3 is smaller than the delta2, the radius R3 of the depressed cladding ranges from 12 micrometers to 20 micrometers, the third cladding is an outer cladding tightly encircling all sub-claddings of the depressed cladding, and the relative refractive index difference delta4 of the outer cladding ranges from -0.2% to 0.1%. On the basis of comprehensive compatibility to existing G.652 standards, the low-attenuation bend-insensitive single-mode fiber has an attenuation performance far superior to that of a conventional G.652.D fiber, the microscopic bending requirement of G.657.A1 standards can be met, and application of a dense wavelength division multiplexing system is facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the low decay bend-insensitive single-mode optical fiber that uses in a kind of optical fiber telecommunications system, this optical fiber has improved bending resistance and lower fibre loss, belongs to the optical communication technique field.
Background technology
At fiber optic communication field, mainly use two types optical fiber at present, single-mode fiber and multimode optical fiber.And single-mode fiber is compared with multimode optical fiber; It is fast to have transfer rate, and it is big to carry information capacity, advantages such as long transmission distance; Be widely used among the construction of Networks of Fiber Communications, wherein satisfy ITU-T G.652 the optical fiber of standard be again most popular optical fiber in the single-mode fiber.And along with the continuous development of FTTx in recent years; Original G.652 optical fiber properties can not satisfy customer requirements; And then on the basis of optical fiber G.652, developed bend-insensitive optical fiber of new generation, G.657 optical fiber; Wherein again optical fiber is G.657 segmented in the up-to-date G.657 sonet standard of ITU-T issue, be divided into can compatible G.652 standard G.657.A type with can not compatible G.652 standard G.657.B type.Wherein G.657.A type optical fiber because can compatibility standard G.652, and have good bending property again, be considered to one of most possible product that substitutes existing G.652 optical fiber.On the other hand, along with further developing of Optical Amplification Technology and wavelength-division multiplex technique, optical fiber telecommunications system is towards the development of the direction of large transmission power more and longer transmission range.As the important transmission medium in the optical fiber telecommunications system, the correlated performance index of single-mode fiber also remains further to be improved, to satisfy the needs of optical fiber telecommunications system practical development.The attenuation coefficient of optical fiber and mode field diameter are two important performance index of single-mode fiber.The attenuation coefficient of optical fiber is more little, but then the transmission range of its light signal that carries is just longer.The mode field diameter of optical fiber is big more, and useful area is just big more, then its nonlinear effect just more a little less than.Large effective area can suppress from nonlinear effects such as phase modulation (PM), four-wave mixing, cross-phase modulation effectively, guarantees the high power light signal transfer quality.Reduce attenuation coefficient and can effectively improve the OSNR (OSNR:optical-signal-to-noise ratio) in the optical fiber telecommunications system, further improve the transmission quality and the transmission range of system with the increase useful area.And present most commercialization optical fiber G.657; Though have good bending property, and can be with G.652 optical fiber is compatible, the long diameter problem of smaller of ubiquity mould; And G.657 the yet original G.652 optical fiber of fundamental sum basically identical of the attenuation coefficient of optical fiber does not have bigger improvement.Invent a kind of can compatibility standard G.652, have the bend-insensitive characteristic simultaneously, and the single-mode fiber of new generation that has than the relatively large mode field diameter of lower attenuation coefficient becomes a new challenge in the optical communication field.
As far as single-mode fiber, the attenuation coefficient of optical fiber can be used formula (1) expression:
α?=?R/λ
4?+α
IR?+?α
IM?+α
OH?+α
UV+B (1)
Wherein R is a rayleigh scattering coefficient, α
IR, α
IM, α
OH, α
UVRepresent infrared absorption respectively, the defective decay, OH absorbs, and uv absorption.In fiber optic materials, because the caused scattering of light of unevenness constitutes the scattering loss of optical fiber.Wherein the Rayleigh scattering of optical fiber is one of three kinds of scattering mechanisms, is linear scattering the frequency-independent of light signal (promptly with).The characteristics of Rayleigh scattering are that the biquadratic of its size and wavelength is inversely proportional to, and are simultaneously relevant with the kind and the concentration of dopant material by its loss that causes.
In order to reduce optical fiber attenuation; In the manufacture process of preform, generally can adopt following several method; As adopting more highly purified starting material; Improve production environment and equipment sealing property and reduce the probability that introduced contaminants is introduced, or adopt the prefabricated rods manufacturing process of bigger external diameter, reduce the overall attenuation of optical fiber through the dilution effect of large size prefabricated rod.But from the angle of cost control and technology controlling and process, the section that reduces the doping of optical fiber and optimize optical fiber is the method for the most simple and efficient reduction optical fiber attenuation.
In general, the concentration of dopant material is low more, and then the caused loss of Rayleigh scattering is more little.Reduce the content of impurity in the starting material; Improve clean environment degree in the optical fiber manufacture process; Reducing the extraneous content of introducing impurity also is a kind of method that reduces optical fiber attenuation; Promptly adopt the bubble-tight method that improves in the prefabricated fiber rod depositing process like patent CN201110178833.3, reduce the introducing of introduced contaminants.In the optical fiber manufacture process, the coating processes of bare fibre surface coating also is an important parameter that influences the optical fiber attenuation performance.
But; No matter still be on the actual fiber preparation technology theoretically; Mix parameter such as fluorine concentration through what optimize sandwich layer diameter and covering; Not only can increase the useful area of single-mode fiber, and can effectively reduce in the optical fiber Rayleigh scattering etc. and cause decay, be a kind of method that reduces optical fiber attenuation effectively reliably.But bigger useful area can cause the obvious increase (macrobending loss and the microbending loss that comprise optical fiber) of the bending loss of optical fiber, particularly in the long wavelength zone.In the stranding process of optical fiber perhaps actual laying and use, if the bending resistance of optical fiber can meet the demands, then the loss of signal will become greatly, and signal transfer quality can't be guaranteed.So when optical fiber has large effective area and low decay characteristics, guarantee the macrobend and the microbend performance of optical fiber, be a difficult problem of optical fiber designs and manufacturing.
For common G657 optical fibre optical fibre; Like a kind of conventional G657 fibre profile and the manufacturing approach of describing among the Chinese patent CN101598834A, mix altogether for Ge&F in the sandwich layer, in order to obtain optimum macrobend performance; The relative index of refraction of sandwich layer is generally all greater than 0.35%; Be that sandwich layer Ge doping is more, thus bigger Rayleigh scattering can be caused, thus increase the decay of optical fiber.
In order to optimize the fade performance of optical fiber, the various countries researchist has done a series of research, wherein among the Chinese patent CN102156323A, has described the large effective area bend-insensitive optical fiber manufacturing method of a kind of " pure silicon core ".Its sandwich layer does not partly have any doping (being the pure silicon dioxide quartz glass), the structure optimization of the surrounding layer of taking to sink the macrobend performance of optical fiber." but pure silicon core " optical fiber is because partly have no doping at sandwich layer; Sandwich layer refractive index and pure quartz are approaching; Institute's fiber core layer segment glass viscosity is bigger, thereby in drawing optical fibers Tension Control and fibre profile design, brings a series of problem, and because its higher cable cut-off wavelength; And problem such as nonlinear effect, it is with having certain difficulty on the existing network compatibility.
In the U.S. Pat 6917740, a kind of viscosity of material mismatch improved pure silicon core single-mode fiber and manufacturing approach thereof have been described.Through in sandwich layer, mixing chlorine (Cl) and fluorine (F), make the difference of glass transition temperature Tg of sandwich layer and covering narrow down in 200 ℃, optimize the fade performance of optical fiber.This patent does not relate to the research of the bending property of optical fiber and improvement, does not relate to the optical transmission performance of optical fiber.In U.S. Pat 6449415; Disclose a kind of sandwich layer and mixed chlorine (Cl), its relative index of refraction is on the occasion of, doped cladding layer fluorine (F); Its relative index of refraction is the optical fiber of negative value, and this optical fiber has the structure of inner cladding for the covering (depressed cladding) that sink.The material that sandwich layer is mixed chlorine can effectively reduce the mismatch of fiber cores packet materials; The extra-stress that minimizing is produced by drawing process; Inner cladding is the cladding structure that sink simultaneously, can improve the bending property of optical fiber, yet the structure of the covering that sink is improved the limited in one's ability of bending property; Can influence other optical parametric of optical fiber simultaneously, such as the mode field diameter of optical fiber and cutoff wavelength etc.And under the irrational situation of surrounding layer parameter designing, interior sagging cladding structure might cause the leakage problem (attenuation coefficient that is single-mode fiber rises in the long wavelength zone sharp) of LP01 mould.
Be to optimize the bending property of single-mode fiber, adopting more at present is following three kinds of methods: the one, and the MAC value (being the ratio of fibre-optic mode field diameter and cutoff wavelength) of adjustment optical fiber.The MAC value is more little, and then the bending resistance of optical fiber is good more.Yet; The reducing of mode field diameter can be caused reducing of useful area; And when wire drawing, cause more defects more easily and increase decay; Simultaneously the cutoff wavelength of optical fiber must be less than operation wavelength, guaranteeing the operating characteristic of single mode, so improve the space of bending property of optical fiber through the MAC value that changes optical fiber limited.The 2nd, can improve bending property for the double clad structure of the covering that sink through inner cladding, but the covering that sink might cause " leakage of LP01 mould " phenomenon of optical fiber.The 3rd, through outside the inner cladding of optical fiber, increasing the sagging covering (trench) that one deck is similar to groove; When guaranteeing bigger mode field diameter; Improve the bending property of optical fiber; The method obtains general application in bend-insensitive single-mode optical fiber (promptly G.657 optical fiber), like Chinese patent CN101598834A, and U.S. Pat 7450807 and European patent EP 1978383 etc.Do not find that related patent U.S. Patent No. or bibliographical information adopt low-doped; Big sandwich layer diameter and sagging covering (trench) structure combining come further to improve this kind optical fiber properties, at attenuation coefficient; Useful area reaches effective combination and unification between bending property three.
Summary of the invention
For conveniently introducing summary of the invention, the definitional part term:
Plug: the prefabricated component that contains sandwich layer and part covering;
Refractive index profile: the relation between optical fiber or preform (comprising plug) glass refraction and its radius;
Refractive index contrast: Δ n
i=| n
i-n
0|, n
iAnd n
0Be respectively the refractive index of each corresponding optical fiber each several part refractive index and pure silicon dioxide glass.
The contribution amount of fluorine (F): mix the absolute value of fluorine (F) quartz glass, i.e. Δ F=|n with respect to the refractive index difference of pure quartz glass
F-n
Pure quartz|, represent to mix fluorine (F) amount with this;
The contribution amount of germanium (Ge): mix the absolute value of germanium (Ge) quartz glass, i.e. Δ Ge=|n with respect to the refractive index difference of pure quartz glass
Ge-n
Pure quartz|, represent to mix germanium (Ge) amount with this;
Sleeve pipe: the heavy wall purity quartz glass pipe for high that meets certain sectional area requirement;
RIT technology: plug inserted form preform in the sleeve pipe;
OVD outsourcing depositing operation: the SiO2 glass that needs thickness with outside vapour deposition and sintering process in the mandrel surface preparation;
VAD outsourcing depositing operation: the SiO2 glass that needs thickness with axial vapor deposition and sintering process in the mandrel surface preparation;
APVD outsourcing technology: natural or synthetic quartz powder are founded the SiO2 glass for preparing desired thickness in mandrel surface with the high-frequency plasma flame;
O/Si ratio: the mol ratio that feeds oxygen (O2) with the silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4) of reaction zone.
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art existence the low decay bend-insensitive single-mode optical fiber that a kind of refractive index profile is reasonable in design, decay is low and bending resistance is good to be provided.
The technical scheme of single-mode fiber of the present invention is:
Include sandwich layer and three coverings, its difference is that the refractive index contrast Δ 1 of sandwich layer is 0.1% ~ 0.30%, and radius R 1 is 3.5 μ m ~ 4.5 μ m, and sandwich layer has three coverings outward; First covering is the inner cladding that closely centers on sandwich layer, and its refractive index contrast Δ 2 is 0.1% ~-0.1%, and radius R 2 is 8 μ m ~ 10 μ m; Second covering is the covering that sink, and closely around inner cladding, its refractive index contrast Δ 3 is-0.4% ~-0.1%; And Δ 3 is less than Δ 2, and radius R 3 is 12 μ m ~ 20 μ m, and triple clad is a surrounding layer; Closely around all layerings of the covering that sink, it is compared with the refractive index of pure quartz, and refractive index contrast Δ 4 is-0.20% ~ 0.1%.
Press such scheme, described sandwich layer is by the quartz glass of mixing fluorine (F) and germanium (Ge) simultaneously or be mixed with and the quartz glass of other adulterants is formed, and the contribution amount Δ F of sandwich layer fluorine (F) is-0.08% ~-0.02%.
Press such scheme; Described first covering is made up of quartz glass or the pure quartz glass of mixing fluorine (F) and germanium (Ge) simultaneously; The ratio R 2/R1 of the radius R 2 of first covering and the radius R 1 of sandwich layer is that the difference DELTA 1-Δ 2 of the refractive index contrast of 1.7 ~ 2.9, first covering and sandwich layer is 0.2% ~ 0.40%.
Press such scheme, described second covering is made up of the quartz glass of mixing fluorine (F), and its refractive index contrast Δ 3 is less than other covering.
Press such scheme, described triple clad can be pure quartz glass layer, perhaps for mixing the quartz glass layer of fluorine or other adulterants.
Optical fiber of the present invention has following characteristic:
Optical fiber is 8.6 ~ 9.8 microns in the mode field diameter of 1310nm wavelength, and zero-dispersion wavelength is 1300 ~ 1324nm, and optical fiber is not more than 0.092ps/nm2*km at the chromatic dispersion gradient at zero-dispersion wavelength place.
Optical fiber is less than or equal to 0.325dB/km at the attenuation coefficient of 1310nm wavelength, and the attenuation coefficient of 1383nm wavelength is less than or equal to 0.325dB/km, and the attenuation coefficient of 1550nm wavelength is less than or equal to 0.185dB/km.
Optical fiber has the cable cut-off wavelength that is less than or equal to 1260nm.
Optical fiber is in 1625 nanometer nm wavelength, for around 15 millimeters bending radius around the crooked added losses of 10 circles be less than or equal to 1dB or even 0.1dB; For being less than or equal to 1.5dB or even 0.2dB around the crooked added losses of 1 circle around 10 millimeters bending radius.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: 1. on the basis of comprehensive compatible existing G.652 standard, have and be far superior to the conventional G.652.D fade performance of optical fiber, thereby can in primary transmission, reduce the cost of building relevant base station and other system equipments.2. common relatively G.652 optical fiber, second covering of minimum relative refractive index in this optical fiber structure can constrain in light signal in the fibre core effectively and propagate; Simultaneously under case of bending; Can effectively stop the outside leakage of light signal, make the bending resistance of optical fiber to comprise that the anti-macrobend performance and the anti-microbend performance of optical fiber is guaranteed; Can satisfy the G.657.A1 macrobending requirement of standard, and guarantee the fade performance behind the optical fiber cabling.3. compare with conventional G.657 optical fiber, fibre-optic mode field diameter of the present invention is bigger, and its useful area also increases thereupon, thereby can obtain bigger launched power, helps the application of dense wave division multipurpose (DWDM) system.4. because the relative increase of the long diameter of mould, optical fiber of the present invention is with the G.652 fused fiber splice of routine the time, and splice loss, splice attenuation is littler, and compatibility is higher.5. while doped with fluorine and germanium in the sandwich layer make the viscosity of core material be reduced, and can mate the viscosity of sandwich layer and covering; Avoid the viscosity mismatch situation of " pure silicon core " optical fiber; Thereby the unrelieved stress of inside of optical fibre will further reduce after wire drawing, helps improving the fade performance of optical fiber, and second covering mix the fluorine layering mix fluorine (F) contribution amount Δ F less than-0.20%; On fibre profile, form " covering sink " structure; Guaranteeing to avoid occurring " leakages of LP01 mould " phenomenon, and owing to its viscosity greater than second covering, the triple clad material of viscosity higher will carry the drawing tensile force of larger proportion when wire drawing; The stress that so just can effectively stop drawing tensile force to cause concentrates on core segment and causes the increase of optical fiber attenuation, improves the reliability of optical fiber in using.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the radial section synoptic diagram of one embodiment of the invention.The sandwich layer of 00 corresponding optical fiber among the figure, first covering of 10 corresponding optical fiber, second covering of 20 corresponding optical fiber, the triple clad of 30 corresponding optical fiber.
Fig. 2 is the refractive index profile synoptic diagram of one embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
To provide detailed embodiment below, the present invention will be further described.
The bare fibre of present embodiment includes sandwich layer and covering, and sandwich layer 00 is by the quartz glass of mixing fluorine (F) and germanium (Ge) or be mixed with fluorine and the quartz glass of other adulterants is formed; Be centered around sandwich layer three coverings are arranged outward.First covering 10 is mixed the quartz glass of fluorine (F) and germanium (Ge) and is formed closely around sandwich layer in the time of by the PCVD prepared; Second covering 20 is closely around first covering, and second covering is made up of the quartz glass of mixing fluorine (F), and its relative index of refraction Δ 3 is less than other covering.Triple clad 30 is all layerings that closely center on second covering.Described triple clad can be the quartz glass layer of mixing fluorine or other adulterants, and perhaps triple clad can be pure silicon layer, and promptly refractive index contrast is 0%.The coat of present embodiment optical fiber adopts " wet on wet (wet to wet) " coating processes, and drawing speed is and is 1000-1500m/min.
Technical scheme according to above-mentioned single-mode fiber; The parameter fine in the scope interior focusing of its defined designs; And, accomplish the manufacturing of whole prefabricated rods through outsourcing technologies such as sleeve pipe technology, OVD technology or VAD technologies through the designing requirement manufacturing plug of plug manufacturing process such as known PCVD technology, MCVD technology, OVD technology or VAD technology according to optical fiber.PCVD technology carry out high concentration mix fluorine (F) time, have certain advantage.
The refractive index profile of the optical fiber that draws uses NR-9200 equipment (EXFO) to test, and the refractive index profile of optical fiber and the major parameter of dopant material are as shown in table 1.
Macrobend added losses method of testing is with reference to the method for stipulating among the IEC 60793-1-47; Because wavelength is longer more responsive to bending; So main measuring fiber is at the crooked added losses of 1550nm and 1625nm wavelength, with accurate assessment optical fiber crooked susceptibility of (especially L-band) in all band scope.Optical fiber is pressed certain diameter coiled 1 circle or 10 circles, then circle is decontroled, the variation of luminous power before and after test is looped is with these macrobend added losses as optical fiber.
The Specifeca tion speeification of the optical fiber that draws is as shown in table 2.
Experiment shows that according to the optical fiber of technical scheme manufacturing of the present invention, its mode field diameter in the 1310nm wavelength can reach more than the 8.7 μ m; Cable cut-off wavelength guarantees below 126nm; Attenuation coefficient in the 1550nm wavelength guarantees below 0.185dB/km, and optical fiber has good bending resistance, comprises good anti-macrobend performance and anti-microbend performance; Optical fiber is in the 1550nm wavelength, for being less than or equal to 0.5dB around the 10mm bending radius around the crooked added losses of 1 circle; For being less than or equal to 0.2dB around the crooked added losses of 10 circles around the 15mm bending radius; In the 1625nm wavelength, for being less than or equal to 1.0dB around the crooked added losses of 1 circle around the 10mm bending radius; For being less than or equal to 0.8dB around the crooked added losses of 10 circles around the 15mm bending radius.Simultaneously optical fiber at the microbending loss of 1700nm less than 1.5dB/km.
Table 1: the structure and material of optical fiber is formed
Table 2: the Specifeca tion speeification of optical fiber
Claims (9)
1. one kind low decay bend-insensitive single-mode optical fiber includes sandwich layer and three coverings, it is characterized in that the refractive index contrast Δ 1 of sandwich layer is 0.1% ~ 0.30%, and radius R 1 is 3.5 μ m ~ 4.5 μ m; Sandwich layer has three coverings outward, and first covering is the inner cladding that closely centers on sandwich layer, and its refractive index contrast Δ 2 is 0.1% ~-0.1%; Radius R 2 is 8 μ m ~ 10 μ m, and second covering is the covering that sink, closely around inner cladding; Its refractive index contrast Δ 3 is-0.4% ~-0.1%, and Δ 3 is less than Δ 2, and radius R 3 is 12 μ m ~ 20 μ m; Triple clad is a surrounding layer, and closely around all layerings of the covering that sink, refractive index contrast Δ 4 is-0.20% ~ 0.1%.
2. by the described low decay bend-insensitive single-mode optical fiber of claim 1, it is characterized in that described sandwich layer by the quartz glass of mixing fluorine and germanium simultaneously or be mixed with and the quartz glass of other adulterants is formed, the contribution amount Δ F of sandwich layer fluorine is-0.08% ~-0.02%.
3. by claim 1 or 2 described low decay bend-insensitive single-mode optical fibers; It is characterized in that described first covering is made up of quartz glass or the pure quartz glass of mixing fluorine (F) and germanium (Ge) simultaneously; The ratio R 2/R1 of the radius R 2 of first covering and the radius R 1 of sandwich layer is that the difference DELTA 1-Δ 2 of the refractive index contrast of 1.7 ~ 2.9, first covering and sandwich layer is 0.2% ~ 0.40%.
4. by claim 1 or 2 described low decay bend-insensitive single-mode optical fibers, it is characterized in that described second covering is made up of the quartz glass of mixing fluorine, its refractive index contrast Δ 3 is less than other covering.
5. by claim 1 or 2 described low decay bend-insensitive single-mode optical fibers, its characteristic is pure quartz glass layer at described triple clad, perhaps for mixing the quartz glass layer of fluorine or other adulterants.
6. by claim 1 or 2 described low decay bend-insensitive single-mode optical fibers; It is characterized in that optical fiber is 8.6 ~ 9.8 microns in the mode field diameter of 1310nm wavelength; Zero-dispersion wavelength is 1300 ~ 1324nm, and optical fiber is not more than 0.092ps/nm2*km at the chromatic dispersion gradient at zero-dispersion wavelength place.
7. by claim 1 or 2 described low decay bend-insensitive single-mode optical fibers; It is characterized in that optical fiber is less than or equal to 0.325dB/km at the attenuation coefficient of 1310nm wavelength; The attenuation coefficient of 1383nm wavelength is less than or equal to 0.325dB/km, and the attenuation coefficient of 1550nm wavelength is less than or equal to 0.185dB/km.
8. by claim 1 or 2 described low decay bend-insensitive single-mode optical fibers, it is characterized in that optical fiber has the cable cut-off wavelength that is less than or equal to 1260nm.
9. by claim 1 or 2 described low decay bend-insensitive single-mode optical fibers, it is characterized in that optical fiber, for being less than or equal to 1dB around the crooked added losses of 10 circles around 15 millimeters bending radius in 1625 nanometer nm wavelength; For being less than or equal to 1.5dB around the crooked added losses of 1 circle around 10 millimeters bending radius.
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