CN110488411B - Bending-resistant single-mode optical fiber - Google Patents
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- CN110488411B CN110488411B CN201910762937.5A CN201910762937A CN110488411B CN 110488411 B CN110488411 B CN 110488411B CN 201910762937 A CN201910762937 A CN 201910762937A CN 110488411 B CN110488411 B CN 110488411B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03661—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 4 layers only
- G02B6/03683—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 4 layers only arranged - - + +
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03694—Multiple layers differing in properties other than the refractive index, e.g. attenuation, diffusion, stress properties
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Abstract
The invention relates to a bending-resistant single-mode optical fiber, which comprises a core layer and a cladding, and is characterized in that the refractive index of the core layer is in parabolic distribution, the distribution index alpha is 2.2-2.5, the diameter 2R1 of the core layer is 7.2-8.2 mu m, the relative refractive index difference delta 1max of the highest point of the core layer is 0.360-0.450%, the cladding comprises an inner cladding, a sunken cladding, an auxiliary sunken cladding and an outer cladding from inside to outside, the diameter 2R2 of the inner cladding is 16.0-19.0 mu m, delta 2 is-0.06-0.00%, the diameter 2R3 of the sunken cladding is 29.0-34.0 mu m, delta 3 is-0.30% -0.50%, the diameter 2R4 of the auxiliary sunken cladding is 34.0-48.0 mu m, delta 4 is-0.14% -0.08%, and the outer cladding is pure silica outer cladding. According to the invention, the refractive index depth and width of the two layers of the sunken cladding layers are optimized, so that the leakage condition of the basic mode in a bending state is better limited, the optical fiber has better bending performance under small bending radius and large bending radius, the bending resistance of the optical fiber at the long wavelength is also better, and the requirement of upgrading the next-generation PON to the long wavelength evolution is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a bending-resistant single-mode optical fiber for an optical communication transmission system, which has excellent bending resistance and belongs to the technical field of optical communication access networks.
Background
With the continuous development of optical fiber transmission technology, fiber to the home and fiber to the desktop have become important development directions for the construction of communication access network networks. Optical fibers as transmission media play a crucial role therein. Because in the actual process of laying and configuring the FTTx optical fiber line, various operations are often required to be performed on the optical fiber in indoor and narrow environments, such as installation at the right-angled corner of a wall corner, and winding the optical fiber in an increasingly miniaturized storage box to process the optical fiber redundancy, it is necessary to design and develop an optical fiber with excellent bending resistance to meet the requirements of laying of the FTTx network and miniaturization of devices, and in the bending-resistant g.657 series optical fiber, a g.657.a1 optical fiber with a minimum bending radius of 10mm is applied to a long-haul network (long-haul network); g.657.A2 optical fiber meets the application condition of minimum bending radius of 7.5mm, and is mainly used in metropolitan area network (metro network) and FTTH (fiber to the home); g.657.b3 fiber meets the use condition at minimum 5mm bend radius, mainly in FTTd (fiber to desktop) and all optical network use.
According to the ITU-T regulations and the specific use environment and conditions of the G.657.B3 optical fiber, the G.657.B3 optical fiber is basically used in short-distance communication transmission, and the macro-bending performance under a small bending radius (the minimum bending radius is 5.0mm) is emphasized, so that the compatibility with the G.652.D standard is not mandatory. In the latest revision of ITU-T G.657 in 9 months 2012, the B-type optical fiber gradually develops towards the compatible G.652 optical fiber, which is more beneficial to the popularization and use of the G.657 optical fiber. Compatibility with conventional g.652 must therefore be considered while designing bend resistant fibers.
Through years of research, researchers in various countries find that the mode field diameter and the cut-off wavelength of the optical fiber play a main role in macroscopic bending loss of the optical fiber, and the bending performance of the optical fiber can be qualitatively measured by the MAC value, wherein the MAC value is defined as the ratio of the mode field diameter to the cut-off wavelength, the smaller the MAC value is, the better the bending performance of the optical fiber is, obviously, the purpose of reducing the MAC value can be achieved by reducing the mode field diameter and increasing the cut-off wavelength of the optical fiber, and therefore the better bending performance can be obtained. However, if the mode field diameter of the optical fiber is too small, it will cause large splice loss when it is connected with a conventional single mode optical fiber, and limit the power of the optical fiber. Meanwhile, considering the multi-service characteristics of FTTx, it is desirable to use a full band for transmission, and the cut-off wavelength of the optical fiber must be less than 1260nm, so that the space for increasing the cut-off wavelength of the optical fiber is very limited. Therefore, merely lowering the MAC value of the optical fiber has a limited effect on improving the bending performance, and it is difficult to reduce the bending loss particularly at a small bending radius.
Compared with the common single-mode optical fiber section structure, another effective method for improving the bending performance of the optical fiber is to adopt the design of the depressed inner cladding layer, the Numerical Aperture (NA) of the optical fiber can be increased under the condition of not increasing the doping of the core layer through the design of the depressed inner cladding layer, and the attenuation increase caused by the increase of the doping can be avoided. But the optimized design of the sunken cladding can only improve the macrobending performance of the optical fiber under a large bending radius to a certain extent. When the bending radius of the optical fiber is less than or equal to 10mm, it is difficult to manufacture an optical fiber having a low bending loss by using the depressed inner cladding method.
Through further research, the most effective method for improving the bending resistance of the optical fiber is to design the section of the optical fiber by adopting a sunken outer cladding structure. Research on depressed clad optical fibers has found that the depth and width of the depressed outer cladding in the cross-section of the optical fiber also have certain requirements: the sunken outer cladding layer is too shallow, too narrow cannot bring good bending insensitivity, and too shallow, too wide cannot reduce bending loss under a small bending radius; too deep and too wide may affect the cut-off wavelength and dispersion performance of the fiber. In order to achieve low loss in both small and large bend radii, proper design of the width and depth of the depressed cladding is important.
In bend insensitive optical fibers with depressed cladding features, another factor affecting the macrobending performance of the fiber under bending conditions is the core-to-cladding diameter ratio of the fiber, with a smaller core/cladding diameter ratio being beneficial in improving fiber bending performance. However, a smaller core/cladding diameter ratio also tends to affect the MFD and dispersion properties of the fiber, and it is more difficult to match viscosity and stress during drawing, so that a suitable core/cladding diameter ratio is also a major consideration in designing a profile for bend resistant optical fibers.
Chinese patent CN105334570 describes a bend insensitive single mode optical fibre with an alpha profile for the core and a depressed cladding. However, the core layer diameter is larger, the sunken cladding layer depth is shallower, and the application requirement under the minimum bending radius of 10mm can be supported, the typical loss under the bending radius of 10mm at the wavelength of 1550nm is 0.3dB, and the large bending loss can be generated under the smaller bending radius, so that the application scene is limited, and the requirements of wiring and miniaturized devices under indoor complex conditions can not be met.
Chinese patent cn200710096317.x describes a bend insensitive single mode optical fiber provided with two depressed claddings, the first depressed cladding being doped with fluorine deeper and the second depressed cladding being doped with fluorine shallower, and an intermediate cladding being provided between the two depressed claddings. The structure is used to reduce bending loss, and the prepared optical fiber also meets the G.652 standard, but the optical fiber is only suitable for the use requirement under the bending radius of 7.5mm, and the patent does not give a bending loss example and specific parameters of the bending radius of 5.0 mm. Meanwhile, the radius of the middle cladding of the refractive index profile is 18um-20um, the fluorine-doped second depressed cladding is wider and reaches 25um-40um, the fluorine-doped layer has obviously higher proportion in the optical fiber, and the designed multilayer depressed cladding and the middle cladding have complex structures, thus being not beneficial to large-scale production and practical application.
With the continuous development of FTTx, future access network systems present new challenges to optical fibers, and the home-entry environment is complex, and bending situations with different radii occur, so that the optical fibers need to be designed with consideration of loss problems at both small bending radii and large bending radii. The use of the long wavelength window of the next-generation PON is unavoidable (1570nm, or even 1610nm), and the smoothness of the optical fiber network at a small bending radius is required, so the bending resistance of the optical fiber at a long wavelength is also important.
Disclosure of Invention
For convenience of introduction to the present disclosure, some terms are defined:
performing: the glass rod or the combined body of the designed optical fiber can be directly drawn according to the design requirement of the optical fiber by the radial refractive index distribution consisting of the core layer and the cladding;
core rod: a solid glass preform comprising a core layer and a partial cladding layer;
radius: the distance between the outer boundary of the layer and the center point;
refractive index profile: the relationship between the refractive index of the glass of an optical fiber or an optical fiber preform (including a core rod) and the radius thereof;
relative refractive index difference:
niand n0The refractive index of each part of each corresponding optical fiber and the refractive index of the pure silica glass of the outer cladding layer are respectively;
the refractive index of the core layer satisfies power exponent distribution:
contribution of fluorine (F): the relative refractive index difference (delta F) of the fluorine (F) -doped quartz glass relative to the pure quartz glass is used as the index of refraction of the fluorine (F) -doped quartz glass;
contribution of germanium (Ge): the relative refractive index difference (delta Ge) of the germanium (Ge) -doped quartz glass relative to the pure quartz glass is used for expressing the amount of the germanium (Ge) doped;
the refractive index of silicon dioxide can be improved by doping germanium, and the refractive index of silicon dioxide can be reduced by doping fluorine;
liner (Tube): a tubular substrate tube, a pure quartz glass tube meeting certain geometric requirements;
the PCVD process comprises the following steps: preparing quartz glass with required thickness by using a plasma chemical vapor deposition process;
the OVD process comprises the following steps: preparing quartz glass with required thickness by using an external vapor deposition and sintering process;
VAD process: preparing quartz glass with required thickness by using axial vapor deposition and sintering processes;
APVD external packing process: fusing natural or synthetic quartz powder on the surface of the core rod by using high-frequency plasma flame to prepare SiO with required thickness2Glass;
the glass part of the optical fiber refers to a glass fiber without a coating layer in the optical fiber;
the dispersion of the fiber refers to the sum of the material dispersion and the waveguide dispersion;
the macrobend additional loss test method refers to the method specified in IEC 60793-1-47.
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a bend-resistant single-mode optical fiber with an optimized cross-sectional structure, which has a very low bending loss at a small bending radius and simultaneously enhances the bending resistance of the optical fiber at a long wavelength, in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows: the composite material comprises a core layer and a cladding layer, and is characterized in that the refractive index of the core layer is in parabolic distribution, the distribution index alpha is 2.2-2.5, the diameter 2R1 of the core layer is 7.2-8.2 mu m, the relative refractive index difference delta 1max of the highest point of the core layer is 0.360-0.450%, the cladding layer comprises an inner cladding layer, a depressed cladding layer, an auxiliary depressed cladding layer and an outer cladding layer from inside to outside, wherein the inner cladding layer wraps the core layer, the depressed cladding layer wraps the inner cladding layer, the auxiliary depressed cladding layer wraps the lower cladding layer, the outer cladding layer wraps the auxiliary depressed cladding layer, the diameter 2R2 of the inner cladding layer is 16.0-19.0 mu m, the relative refractive index difference delta 2 is-0.06-0.00%, the diameter 2R3 of the depressed cladding layer is 29.0-34.0 mu m-0.0 mu m, the relative refractive index difference delta 3 of the auxiliary depressed cladding layer is-0.30% -0.50%, the diameter 2R4 is 34.0-48.0-0.0% and the relative refractive index difference delta 4-0.08, the outer cladding layer is a pure silicon dioxide outer cladding layer.
According to the scheme, the core layer is a silica glass layer doped with germanium and fluorine together, wherein the fluorine doping concentration is unchanged, and the germanium doping concentration is gradually reduced along with the increase of the radius to obtain the refractive index with parabolic distribution.
According to the scheme, the optical fiber inner cladding is a silica glass layer doped with germanium and fluorine.
According to the scheme, the sunken cladding layer and the auxiliary sunken cladding layer are fluorine-doped silica glass layers.
According to the scheme, the mode field diameter of the optical fiber at the wavelength of 1310nm is 8.2-9.0 um.
According to the scheme, the optical fiber has the cable cut-off wavelength smaller than or equal to 1260 nm.
According to the scheme, the optical fiber has a zero dispersion wavelength of 1300-1324 nm.
According to the scheme, the additional bending loss of the optical fiber at the wavelength of 1550nm for 1 turn around the bending radius of 10mm is less than or equal to 0.02 dB; an additional loss for a bend of less than or equal to 0.06dB around 1 turn for a bend radius of 7.5 mm; the additional loss is less than or equal to 0.13dB for a bend of 1 turn around a bend radius of 5.0 mm.
According to the scheme, the additional bending loss of the optical fiber at the wavelength of 1625nm for 1 turn around the bending radius of 10mm is less than or equal to 0.05 dB; an additional loss for bending of less than or equal to 0.17dB for 1 turn around a 7.5mm bend radius; the additional loss is less than or equal to 0.30dB for a bend of 1 turn around a bend radius of 5.0 mm.
According to the scheme, the optical fiber is wound for 1 circle under the bending radiuses of 10mm, 7.5mm and 5.0mm, the additional loss ratio at the wavelength of 1625nm to 1550nm is less than or equal to 2.8, and the preferable condition is less than or equal to 2.5.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the optical fiber with a double sunken cladding structure is designed, one deeper sunken cladding is matched with one shallower sunken cladding, and the leakage condition of a basic mode in a bending state is better limited by optimizing the depth and the width of refractive indexes of the two sunken claddings under the condition of ensuring the cut-off wavelength and the dispersion characteristic of the optical fiber, so that the optical fiber has better bending performance under small bending radius and large bending radius, the bending resistance of the optical fiber at a long-wavelength position is also better, and the upgrading requirement of the next-generation PON to the long-wavelength evolution is met; 2. the refractive index profile of the core layer is distributed in a parabolic manner, so that the distortion degree of the refractive index profile in a bending state is reduced, and the bending resistance of the optical fiber is further improved; 3. the core layer and the inner cladding are silica glass doped with germanium and fluorine, and the germanium-doped concentration of the core layer is in parabolic gradual change, so that the core viscosity matching is further optimized, the generation of defects in the drawing process is reduced, and the mechanical reliability of the optical fiber is enhanced; 4. the optical fiber has lower bending loss under the bending radii of 5mm, 7.5mm and 10.0mm, gives consideration to the use conditions of small bending radius and large bending radius, and meets the requirements of complex wiring environment of an access network and some miniaturized optical devices; 5. the preferred optical fiber of the invention meets G.657.A/B and is compatible with G.652 optical fiber.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a cross-sectional view of the refractive index of an optical fiber according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a radial cross-section structure of an optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph of bending loss at different wavelengths for an optical fiber of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated by the following detailed examples.
The optical fiber comprises a fiber core layer, an inner cladding layer, a depressed cladding layer, an auxiliary depressed cladding layer and an outer cladding layer, wherein the refractive index of the core layer is in parabolic distribution, the distribution index is alpha, the diameter of the core layer is 2R1, the relative refractive index difference of the highest point of the core layer is delta 1max, the diameter of the inner cladding layer is 2R2, the relative refractive index difference is delta 2, the diameter of the depressed cladding layer is 2R3, the relative refractive index difference is delta 3, the diameter of the auxiliary depressed cladding layer is 2R4, the relative refractive index difference is delta 4, and the outer cladding layer 100 is a pure silica outer cladding layer with the diameter of 125 mu m.
According to the technical scheme of the bending-resistant single-mode optical fiber, parameters of the optical fiber are designed within a specified range, a core rod is manufactured through a core rod manufacturing process such as vapor deposition, and the whole preform is manufactured through an outer covering process such as OVD. In the examples, the distribution index α was 2.4, the main parameters of the refractive index profile structure of the optical fiber are shown in table 1, and some of the main performance parameters of the prepared optical fiber are shown in table 2.
Table 1: refractive index profile parameter of optical fiber
Table 2: principal performance parameters of optical fibers
Claims (10)
1. A bending-resistant single-mode optical fiber comprises a core layer and a cladding layer, wherein the cladding layer comprises an inner cladding layer, a depressed cladding layer, an auxiliary depressed cladding layer and an outer cladding layer from inside to outside, the inner cladding layer wraps the core layer, the depressed cladding layer wraps the inner cladding layer, the auxiliary depressed cladding layer wraps the depressed cladding layer, and the outer cladding layer wraps the auxiliary depressed cladding layer, the bending-resistant single-mode optical fiber is characterized in that the refractive index of the core layer is in parabolic distribution, the distribution index alpha is 2.2-2.5, the diameter 2R1 of the core layer is 7.2-8.2 mu m, the relative refractive index difference delta 1max of the highest point of the core layer is 0.360-0.450%, the diameter 2R2 of the inner cladding layer is 16.0-19.0 mu m, the relative refractive index difference delta 2 is-0.06-0.00%, the diameter 2R3 of the depressed cladding layer is 29.0-34.0 mu m, the relative refractive index difference delta 3 is-0.30% -0.50%, and the diameter 2R4 of the auxiliary cladding layer is 34.0-, the relative refractive index difference delta 4 is-0.14% -0.08%, and the outer cladding is pure silicon dioxide outer cladding.
2. The bend resistant single mode optical fiber of claim 1 wherein said core layer is a germanium and fluorine co-doped silica glass layer wherein the fluorine doping concentration is constant and the germanium doping concentration decreases with increasing radius to achieve a parabolic refractive index profile.
3. A bend resistant single mode optical fiber as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said inner cladding of the fiber is a silica glass layer co-doped with germanium and fluorine.
4. A bend resistant single mode optical fiber as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said depressed cladding layer and said depressed-assist cladding layer are fluorine-doped silica glass layers.
5. The bend resistant single mode optical fiber of claim 1 or 2, wherein said fiber has a mode field diameter of 8.2 to 9.0 μm at a wavelength of 1310 nm.
6. The bend resistant single mode optical fiber of claim 1 or 2, wherein said fiber has a cable cutoff less than or equal to 1260 nm.
7. The bend-resistant single-mode optical fiber of claim 1 or 2, wherein said fiber has a zero dispersion wavelength of 1300 to 1324 nm.
8. The bend-resistant single mode optical fiber of claim 1 or 2, wherein said fiber has an additional loss at 1550nm wavelength for 1 turn around a 10mm bend radius of less than or equal to 0.02 dB; an additional loss for a bend of less than or equal to 0.06dB around 1 turn for a bend radius of 7.5 mm; the additional loss is less than or equal to 0.13dB for a bend of 1 turn around a bend radius of 5.0 mm.
9. The bend resistant single mode optical fiber of claim 1 or 2, wherein said fiber has a bend add-on loss of less than or equal to 0.05dB for 1 turn around a 10mm bend radius at a wavelength of 1625 nm; an additional loss for bending of less than or equal to 0.17dB for 1 turn around a 7.5mm bend radius; the additional loss is less than or equal to 0.30dB for a bend of 1 turn around a bend radius of 5.0 mm.
10. The bend resistant single mode optical fiber of claim 1 or 2, wherein said fiber is wound 1 turn at a bend radius of 10mm, 7.5mm, 5.0mm, and the ratio of the parasitic loss at 1625nm to 1550nm is 2.8 or less.
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| CN111458789B (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2021-11-09 | 中天科技光纤有限公司 | Optical fiber |
| AU2023201000A1 (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2023-10-12 | Sterlite Technologies Limited | Optical fibers with improved bend performance and manufacturing method thereof |
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| US7043125B2 (en) * | 2001-07-30 | 2006-05-09 | Corning Incorporated | Optical waveguide fiber for local access |
| CN101861537A (en) * | 2007-11-19 | 2010-10-13 | 三菱电线工业株式会社 | Optical fiber and method for producing the same |
| ES2539824T3 (en) * | 2010-03-17 | 2015-07-06 | Draka Comteq B.V. | Single mode fiber optic with reduced curvature losses |
| US8538219B2 (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2013-09-17 | Corning Incorporated | Large effective area optical fiber with low bend loss |
| CN104749691B (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2018-05-01 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | A kind of ultralow attenuation bend-insensitive single-mode optical fiber |
| CN105759344B (en) * | 2016-03-23 | 2018-11-30 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | A kind of anti-bending multimode fiber |
| US9989699B2 (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2018-06-05 | Corning Incorporated | Low bend loss single mode optical fiber |
| CN106772788B (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2019-12-13 | 中天科技精密材料有限公司 | Single mode fiber with cut-off wavelength displacement |
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