CN102636196B - Distributed disturbance sensor on basis of Rayleigh scattering spectrum related coefficient and demodulating method thereof - Google Patents
Distributed disturbance sensor on basis of Rayleigh scattering spectrum related coefficient and demodulating method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a demodulating method of a distributed disturbance sensor based on a Rayleigh scattering spectrum related coefficient. The distributed disturbance sensor adopts a technical method of optical frequency zone reflection and beat frequency interference of a laser source of a linear tuning ultra-narrow line width echo wall mold self-injecting locked mode. The distributed disturbance sensor comprises a main interferometer used for obtaining sensing signals and an auxiliary interferometer used for providing clock triggering signals for a collecting device. The demodulating method comprises the following steps: obtaining different beat frequency signals through a linear tuning light source and converting information of a wavelength zone to the information of distance zones of positions of corresponding cables by utilizing fast Fourier transform. Signals of the sensing optical cables are selected in the distance zones by a movable window, and then, are converted to the wavelength zone through plural fast Fourier inversion to form the Rayleigh scattering spectrums. The Rayleigh scattering spectrums disturbed by the outside world at different moments are compared, i.e., the disturbed Rayleigh scattering spectrums at the different moments are compared. The demodulating method is characterized in that information of whether the sensing optical cables is disturbed or not and the information of the disturbance intensity are obtained through related coefficients.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to distributing optical fiber sensing Instrument technology field.Be specifically related to a kind of distributed destabilization sensing device and demodulation method based on Rayleigh scattering light spectral correlative coefficient
Background technology
Along with social development, the circumference safety of the important areas such as airport, military base, government, prison, bank, oil depot, oil-gas pipeline, seabed or land communication cable communication security etc. seem particularly important.Distributed optical fiber disturbance sensor-based system can be realized invasion Disturbance Detection and location, has long distance detection, high-precision fixed bit function, low energy dependence, high environmental resistance, anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI), the characteristic such as anticorrosive.
At present, distributed optical fiber disturbance sensing mainly contains two kinds, the first scheme is the method based on laser interference, the method advantage is highly sensitive, cost is low, but this method shortcoming has positioning precision low more than 20 meters, can not be to multiple spot disturbances location simultaneously, need in optical cable the above and terminal device of two cores need to be erected at sensing optic cable two ends.Another kind of scheme is the optical time domain reflection method of phase sensitive.The method feature is highly sensitive, can be to multiple spot disturbances location simultaneously, and need in optical cable a core and terminal device to be erected at sensing optic cable one end.But it is poor that the method shortcoming is positioning precision, probably at 50-100m, testing length is no more than 20km.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to overcome existing method above shortcomings, propose a kind of distributed destabilization sensing device and demodulation method based on Rayleigh scattering light spectral correlative coefficient.
Distributed destabilization sensing device based on Rayleigh scattering light spectral correlative coefficient provided by the invention comprises:
Tunable laser: be used to optical frequency territory reflecting system that light source is provided, light source adopts super-narrow line width Linear Tuning Whispering-gallery-mode from injecting lock mould LASER Light Source, its optical frequency can be carried out linear sweep, light source is controlled by harmonic ringing control module, and this module produces triangular wave as requested or sawtooth wave drives tunable laser;
1: 99 beam splitter: the emergent light of laser instrument is entered by a port of beam splitter, and with the ratio of 1: 99 respectively from b, c port assignment to clock triggering system and main interference instrument based on auxiliary interferometer;
Clock triggering system based on auxiliary interferometer: the optical frequency spacing samplings such as realization, its objective is the nonlinear sweep that suppresses light source; Comprise isolator, the 1: 50 coupling mechanisms, first faraday's tilting mirror and second faraday's tilting mirror, delay optical fiber, detector and clock multiplier circuit module; Isolator is used for preventing auxiliary interferometer the 1: the reflected light of the b port of 50 coupling mechanisms enters laser instrument; The the one 50: 50 coupling mechanisms are for the interference of light, light is from the 1: the b port of 50 coupling mechanisms enters, from c, the outgoing of d port, by first faraday's tilting mirror of two arms and second faraday's tilting mirror, reflected respectively, turn back to the 1: the c of 50 coupling mechanisms, d port, two-beam is the 1: in 50 coupling mechanisms, interfere, from a port, export; Two faraday's tilting mirrors are used to interferometer cremasteric reflex, and can eliminate the polarization decay phenomenon of interferometer; Postpone optical fiber for realizing the beat frequency interference of non-equiarm, can and postpone fiber lengths according to beat frequency and obtain optical frequency; Detector is used for gathering the 1: 50 coupling mechanisms, from the emergent light of a port, are assisted the interfere beat frequency signal of interferometer; Clock multiplier circuit module, access auxiliary interferometer detector in one end is for assisting the interfere beat frequency signal frequency multiplication of interferometer, frequency multiplication object is to adopt shorter delay optical fiber also can produce higher clock signal in auxiliary interferometer, by the signal access harvester after frequency multiplication, as the external timing signal of harvester.
Main interference instrument: the core that is light frequency domain reflectometer, for modified Mach Zehnder interferometer, comprise circulator, 50: 50 beam splitter, 50: 50 coupling mechanism, reference arm, test arm, Polarization Controller, sensing optic cable and two polarization beam apparatus and two balance detection devices and harvester; Beam splitter effect in 50: 50 is Mach Zehnder interferometer beam splitting, and light enters from a port, through 50: 50 beam splitters, enters the Polarization Controller of reference arm from b port, enters the circulator a port of test arm from c port; Polarization Controller effect in reference arm is to regulate reference light polarization state, makes its two orthogonal directions glazings when polarization beam splitting basically identical by force; Circulator effect in test arm is that light enters from circulator a port, enter sensing optic cable, and the back-scattering light of sensing optic cable enters, and from circulator b port, exports from circulator c port from circulator c port; 50: 50 coupling mechanisms, a port with reference to back-scattering light in reference light on arm and test arm by 50: 50 coupling mechanisms and b port enter coupling mechanism and close bundle, form beat frequency interference also from coupling mechanism c port and the output of d port; Two polarization beam apparatus access respectively c port and the d port of 50: 50 coupling mechanisms, and signal is carried out to polarization beam splitting, and object is to eliminate the impact of polarization decay noise; Two corresponding flashlights that gather the orthogonal directions of two polarization beam apparatus outputs of balance detection device; Harvester: the analog electrical signal of two balance detection device outputs is collected to computing machine, and wherein the clock source of harvester is from the clock triggering system based on auxiliary interferometer;
Computing machine: the interference signal of harvester collection is carried out to data processing, realize the distributed destabilization sensing based on Rayleigh scattering light spectral correlative coefficient.
The present invention provides a kind of the above device that adopts to realize the distributed destabilization sensing demodulation method based on Rayleigh scattering light spectral correlative coefficient simultaneously, and the step of this demodulation method is:
The first step, the beat frequency interference signal that backscattering forms in sensing optic cable in main interference instrument, after polarization beam apparatus, obtain two-way beat frequency interference signal X and the Y of polarization, and this two paths of signals is carried out respectively to Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) obtain signal FFT{X} and FFT{Y}, by Moving Window, choose successively each position in sensing optic cable;
Second step, the sensing optic cable middle distance domain information that utilizes Moving Window to choose successively, by the FFT{X of selected part
iand FFT{Y
iutilize plural inversefouriertransform to be transformed into again wavelength domain to obtain X
iand Y
i; And the two is added and obtain at t
1time S (the t that inscribes
1)=X
i+ Y
i, remove DC terms;
The 3rd step, at next moment t
2, according to first two steps, calculate and obtain (the t at sensing optic cable same position S
2)=X
i+ Y
i, to S (t
1) and S (t
2) calculate computing cross-correlation, obtain the noise level of cross-correlation coefficient and correlogram, according to the noise level of cross-correlation peak value coefficient and correlogram, just can obtain sensing optic cable and on this position, whether have disturbance and strength of turbulence.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect:
The present invention proposes a kind of distributed destabilization sensing apparatus and method based on Rayleigh scattering light spectral correlative coefficient, it has and can accurately locate multiple spot disturbance simultaneously, measuring distance can reach 120km-150km, and disturbances location precision can reach the even lower centimetre-sized that reaches of 1m.Only utilize the core in optical cable, and terminal device is only in sensing optic cable one end.Common communication cable also can be used as sensing optic cable.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of distributed destabilization sensing device schematic diagram based on Rayleigh scattering light spectral correlative coefficient;
In figure, the 1st, tunable laser, the 2nd, detector, 3 is 50: 50 beam splitters, 4 is 1: 99 beam splitter, 5 is the 1: 50 coupling mechanisms, the 6th, clock multiplier circuit module, the 7th, postpone optical fiber, 8 is first faraday's tilting mirrors, 9 is second faraday's tilting mirrors, the 10th, isolator, the 11st, computing machine, the 12nd, Polarization Controller, the 13rd, circulator, 14 is the 2 50: 50 coupling mechanisms, the 15th, sensing optic cable, 16 is first polarization beam apparatus, 17 is second polarization beam apparatus, 18 is first balance detection devices, 19 is second balance detection devices, the 20th, harvester, the 21st, harmonic ringing control module, the 22nd, reference arm, the 23rd, test arm, 24, clock triggering system based on auxiliary interferometer, the 25th, main interference instrument.
Fig. 2 is demodulation method and the step of the distributed destabilization sensing based on Rayleigh scattering light spectral correlative coefficient;
Fig. 3 is the Rayleigh Scattering Spectra cross-correlogram that does not have disturbance;
Fig. 4 is the Rayleigh Scattering Spectra cross-correlogram that has disturbance.
Embodiment
The device of embodiment 1, the distributed destabilization sensing based on Rayleigh scattering light spectral correlative coefficient
As shown in Figure 1, this device comprises:
Tunable laser 1: be used to optical frequency territory reflecting system that light source is provided, light source adopts super-narrow line width Linear Tuning Whispering-gallery-mode from injecting lock mould LASER Light Source, its optical frequency can be carried out linear sweep, it is controlled by harmonic ringing control module 21, and this module produces triangular wave as requested or sawtooth wave drives tunable laser
Within 1: 99, beam splitter 4: the emergent light of laser instrument 1 is entered by a port of beam splitter 4, and with the ratio of 1: 99 respectively from b, c port assignment to clock triggering system 24 and main interference instrument 25 based on auxiliary interferometer;
Clock triggering system 24 based on auxiliary interferometer: the optical frequency spacing samplings such as realization, its objective is the nonlinear sweep that suppresses light source; Comprise isolator the 10, the 1: 50 coupling mechanisms 5, first faraday's tilting mirror 8 and second faraday's tilting mirror 9, delay optical fiber 7, detector 2 and clock multiplier circuit module 6.Isolator 10 prevents that the reflected light of the b port of the one 50: 50 coupling mechanisms 5 in auxiliary interferometer from entering laser instrument; The the one 50: 50 coupling mechanisms, for the interference of light, light is from the 1: the b port of 50 coupling mechanisms 5 enters, from c and the outgoing of d port, respectively by first faraday's tilting mirror 8 of two arms and second faraday's tilting mirror 9 reflections, turn back to the 1: 50 coupling mechanism c, d port, two-beam is the 1: in 50 coupling mechanisms 5, interfere, from a port, export; Two faraday's tilting mirrors 8 and 9, be used to interferometer cremasteric reflex, and can eliminate the polarization decay phenomenon of interferometer; Postpone optical fiber 7, for realizing the beat frequency interference of non-equiarm, can and postpone fiber lengths according to beat frequency and obtain optical frequency; Detector 2 is for gathering the 1: 50 coupling 5 devices are from the emergent light of a port, i.e. the interfere beat frequency signal of auxiliary interferometer; Clock multiplier circuit module 6, access auxiliary interferometer detector 2 in one end is for assisting the interfere beat frequency signal frequency multiplication of interferometer, frequency multiplication object is to adopt shorter delay optical fiber also can produce higher clock signal in auxiliary interferometer, by the signal access harvester 20 after frequency multiplication, as the external timing signal of harvester 20.
Main interference instrument 25: the core that is light frequency domain reflectometer, it is modified Mach Zehnder interferometer, comprise circulator 13,50: 50 beam splitter 3,50: 50 coupling mechanism 14, reference arm 22, test arm 23, Polarization Controller 12, sensing optic cable 15 and two polarization beam apparatus 16 and 17, two balance detection devices 18 and 19 and harvester 20.Beam splitter 3 effects in 50: 50 are Mach Zehnder interferometer beam splitting.Light enters from a port of 50: 50 beam splitters, through 50: 50 beam splitters 3, from b port, enters the Polarization Controller 12 reference arm 22, from c port, enters test arm 23.Polarization Controller 12 effects in reference arm 22 are to regulate reference light polarization state, make its two orthogonal directions glazings when polarization beam splitting basically identical by force.Circulator 13 in test arm 23, its effect is that light enters from a port of circulator 13, from the c port of circulator 13, enter sensing optic cable 15, and the back-scattering light of sensing optic cable enters from circulator 13 port c ports, from circulator 13 port b port outputs, the 2 50: 50 coupling mechanisms 14, enter coupling mechanism 14 with reference to back-scattering light in reference light on arm 22 and test arm 23 by a port and b port and close bundle, form beat frequency interference and export from c port and the d port of coupling mechanism 14.Two polarization beam apparatus 16 and 17 access respectively c port and the d port of the 2 50: 50 coupling mechanisms 14, and signal is carried out to polarization beam splitting.Object is to eliminate the impact of polarization decay noise.Two balance detection devices 18 and the 19 corresponding flashlights that gather the orthogonal directions of two polarization beam apparatus outputs.Harvester 20: the analog electrical signal of two balance detection devices 18 and 19 outputs is collected to computing machine 11, and wherein the clock source of harvester 20 is from the clock triggering system 24 based on auxiliary interferometer.
Computing machine 11: the interference signal that harvester 20 is gathered carries out data processing, realizes the distributed destabilization sensing based on Rayleigh scattering light spectral correlative coefficient.
The demodulation method of embodiment 2, the distributed destabilization sensing based on Rayleigh scattering light spectral correlative coefficient
As shown in Figure 2, the step of demodulation method of the present invention is:
The first step, according to linear frequency modulation principle, the Linear Tuning laser that tunable laser 1 produces, enter main interference instrument 25, in main interference instrument 25, in sensing optic cable 15, in back-scattering light and reference arm 22, reference light forms beat frequency interference signal, behind polarization beam apparatus 16 and 17, obtains two-way beat frequency interference signal X and the Y of cross polarization, and this two paths of signals is carried out respectively to Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) obtain signal FFT{X} and FFT{Y}, by Moving Window, choose successively each position in sensing optic cable;
Second step, the sensing optic cable middle distance domain information that utilizes Moving Window to choose successively, by the FFT{X of selected part
iand FFT{Y
iutilize plural inversefouriertransform to be transformed into again wavelength domain to obtain X
iand Y
i; And the two is added and obtain at t
1time S (the t that inscribes
1)=X
i+ Y
i, remove DC terms;
The 3rd step, at next moment t
2, according to first two steps, calculate and obtain (the t at sensing optic cable same position S
2)=X
i+ Y
i, to S (t
1) and S (t
2) calculating computing cross-correlation, obtain the noise level of cross-correlation coefficient and correlogram, whether according to the noise level of cross-correlation peak value coefficient and correlogram, just can obtain sensing optic cable exists disturbance and strength of turbulence to utilize common communication cable to carry out the distributed destabilization sensing experiment as Fig. 1 Rayleigh scattering light spectral correlative coefficient on this position, assigned address at sensing optic cable carries out disturbance experiments, when not there is not disturbance, former and later two Rayleigh Scattering Spectra cross-correlation coefficient maximal values are constantly 2.5 * 10
-3.While there is disturbance (touching optical cable), former and later two Rayleigh Scattering Spectra cross-correlation coefficient maximal values are constantly 1.2 * 10
-3.When optical cable exists disturbance, Rayleigh Scattering Spectra cross-correlation coefficient significantly declines.By different Rayleigh Scattering Spectra cross-correlation coefficients, contrast, just can obtain existing disturbance and level of disruption.
Claims (1)
1. a demodulation method for the distributed destabilization sensing device based on Rayleigh scattering light spectral correlative coefficient, the device that this demodulation method adopts comprises:
Tunable laser: be used to optical frequency territory reflecting system that light source is provided, light source adopts super-narrow line width Linear Tuning Whispering-gallery-mode from injecting lock mould LASER Light Source, its optical frequency can be carried out linear sweep, light source is controlled by harmonic ringing control module, and this module produces triangular wave as requested or sawtooth wave drives tunable laser;
1:99 beam splitter: the emergent light of laser instrument is entered by a port of beam splitter, and with the ratio of 1:99 respectively from b, c port assignment to clock triggering system and main interference instrument based on auxiliary interferometer;
Clock triggering system based on auxiliary interferometer: the optical frequency spacing samplings such as realization, its objective is the nonlinear sweep that suppresses light source; Comprise isolator, a 50:50 coupling mechanism, first faraday's tilting mirror and second faraday's tilting mirror, postpone optical fiber, detector and clock multiplier circuit module; Isolator enters laser instrument for preventing the reflected light of the b port of auxiliary interferometer the one 50:50 coupling mechanism; The one 50:50 coupling mechanism is for the interference of light, light enters from the b port of a 50:50 coupling mechanism, from c, the outgoing of d port, by first faraday's tilting mirror of two arms and second faraday's tilting mirror, reflected respectively, turn back to c, the d port of a 50:50 coupling mechanism, two-beam interferes in a 50:50 coupling mechanism, from a port, exports; Two faraday's tilting mirrors are used to interferometer cremasteric reflex, and can eliminate the polarization decay phenomenon of interferometer; Postpone optical fiber for realizing the beat frequency interference of non-equiarm, can and postpone fiber lengths according to beat frequency and obtain optical frequency; Detector, for gathering a 50:50 coupling mechanism from the emergent light of a port, is assisted the interfere beat frequency signal of interferometer; Clock multiplier circuit module, access auxiliary interferometer detector in one end is for assisting the interfere beat frequency signal frequency multiplication of interferometer, frequency multiplication object is to adopt shorter delay optical fiber also can produce higher clock signal in auxiliary interferometer, by the signal access harvester after frequency multiplication, as the external timing signal of harvester;
Main interference instrument: the core that is light frequency domain reflectometer, for modified Mach Zehnder interferometer, comprise circulator, a 50:50 beam splitter, 50:50 coupling mechanism, reference arm, test arm, Polarization Controller, sensing optic cable and two polarization beam apparatus and two balance detection devices and harvester; The effect of 50:50 beam splitter is Mach Zehnder interferometer beam splitting, and light enters from a port, through 50:50 beam splitter, enters the Polarization Controller of reference arm from b port, enters the circulator a port of test arm from c port; Polarization Controller effect in reference arm is to regulate reference light polarization state, makes its two orthogonal directions glazings when polarization beam splitting basically identical by force; Circulator effect in test arm is that light enters from circulator a port, enter sensing optic cable, and the back-scattering light of sensing optic cable enters, and from circulator b port, exports from circulator c port from circulator c port; 50:50 coupling mechanism, a port with reference to back-scattering light in reference light on arm and test arm by 50:50 coupling mechanism and b port enter coupling mechanism and close bundle, form beat frequency interference also from coupling mechanism c port and the output of d port; Two polarization beam apparatus access respectively c port and the d port of 50:50 coupling mechanism, and signal is carried out to polarization beam splitting, and object is to eliminate the impact of polarization decay noise; Two corresponding flashlights that gather the orthogonal directions of two polarization beam apparatus outputs of balance detection device; Harvester: the analog electrical signal of two balance detection device outputs is collected to computing machine, and wherein the clock source of harvester is from the clock triggering system based on auxiliary interferometer;
Computing machine: the interference signal of harvester collection is carried out to data processing, realize the distributed destabilization sensing based on Rayleigh scattering light spectral correlative coefficient;
The step that it is characterized in that this demodulation method is:
The first step, the beat frequency interference signal that backscattering forms in sensing optic cable in main interference instrument, after polarization beam apparatus, obtains two-way beat frequency interference signal X and the Y of polarization, and this two paths of signals is carried out respectively to Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) obtains signal
with
, by Moving Window, choose successively each position in sensing optic cable;
Second step, the sensing optic cable middle distance domain information that utilizes Moving Window to choose successively, by selected part
with
utilizing plural inversefouriertransform to be transformed into wavelength domain obtains again
with
; And the two is added and obtain
in time, inscribes
, remove DC terms;
The 3rd step, at next constantly
, according to first two steps, calculate and obtain in sensing optic cable same position
, right
with
calculate computing cross-correlation, obtain the noise level of cross-correlation coefficient and correlogram, according to the noise level of cross-correlation peak value coefficient and correlogram, just can obtain sensing optic cable and on this position, whether have disturbance and strength of turbulence.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106872071A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-06-20 | 江苏骏龙光电科技股份有限公司 | A kind of temp measuring method based on optical frequency domain reflection technology |
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