CN101199413B

CN101199413B - Optical coherence tomography method and equipment therefor

Info

Publication number: CN101199413B
Application number: CN2007103037224A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 姚晓天
Original assignee: General Photonics Optoelectronic Technology (beijing) Co Ltd; BEIJING GAOGUANG TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Current assignee: Beijing China Light Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2007-12-21
Filing date: 2007-12-21
Publication date: 2010-04-14
Anticipated expiration: 2027-12-21
Also published as: CN101199413A

Abstract

The invention relates to optical coherent tomography method and the device, relating to the technical field of optical measurement and medical detecting instrument. The invention includes the following steps: (1) let the light beam to be measured generate reflected light and transmitted light which radiates to a detecting target object; the reflected light of the detecting target object returns from the original path and combines with the reflected light into one light beam which is then divided into two light beams; one of the light beam returns from the original path and the other is retained for a set light journey and then returns from the original path; the two returning light beams combine and generate interference and then enter a photodetector and generate relative electrical signals; (2) move the light beam irradiated to the detecting target object in all directions to scan the detecting target object; the adjustable light delaying element does one delaying operation each time the light beam is moved to a point; (3)repeat the operation to let the interferometric phase of the measured light correspond to different sections of the target object; (4)treat the interferometric photoelectric signals and send the treatment result to a computer for graphical analysis and display. The invention has the advantages that the device is convenient to move and small in size and the data is easy to process.

Description

Optical coherence chromatography imaging method and device thereof

Technical field

The invention belongs to optical measurement, medical detecting Instrument technical field.Be particularly related to and use coherent laser or LED source irradiation testee, by polarization state generation equipment, polarization state analytical equipment, light phase quick adjustment device, and other light path devices and opto-electronic conversion analytical system, finish the three-dimensional imaging and the set of all layer datas of testee internal structure.

Background technology

Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging Technology (Optical Coherence Tomography), be called for short OCT, develop another the new biological tissue's imaging technique after ultrasound wave, X computer on line tomography (XCT), nuclear magnetic resonance technology such as (MRI) between the nearly more than ten years rapidly.It integrates semiconductor laser and technology such as ultrafast laser technique, optical technology, hypersensitive Detection Techniques, accurate automatic control and Computer Image Processing, can carry out the not damaged live body to human body, organism and detect, can obtain the high-resolution cross-sectional image of biological tissue's internal microstructure.

Layer scanning technology is the advanced means of nondestructive detecting internal structure of body in current material science research and the medical diagnosis technology.At present main adopt ultrasound wave, X computer on line tomography (XCT), nuclear magnetic resonance technology such as (MRI) arranged.

More than three kinds compare with OCT, mainly have shortcomings such as imaging definition is poor, date processing inconvenience.

Typical technology of OCT is to adopt the space optics light path system to carry out at present.Its light channel structure and the method for reaching are as shown in Figure 1.This light channel structure comprises: light source 101, be arranged on the beam splitter 103 on the output beam of this light source, and beam splitter 103 is divided into first light path co-axial with it and second, third perpendicular light path with this light beam; One collimation lens 102 are set on the output beam of this light source, first lens 106 and reflecting mirror 107 are set on this first light path, be arranged on second lens 104 and testee 105 on this second light path, be arranged on photo-detector 108 and signal acquisition process device 109 that links to each other with photo-detector 108 and computer 110 on the 3rd light path.

The optical coherence chromatography imaging method of this system may further comprise the steps:

1) measuring light sent of light source 101 arrives beam splitters 103, the reflected light that is divided into transillumination and makes progress through lens 102 collimation backs; Reflected light (detection light) upwards shines a point of testee 105 through lens 104; The reflected light reflected light beam splitter 103 of testee 105; Transillumination scioptics 106 shine the reference light reflecting mirror 107 reflected light beam splitters 103 of back;

2) described two-beam crosses and interferes laggard go into photo-detector 108 after beam splitter 103 produces downwards, produces the corresponding signal of telecommunication simultaneously;

3) the move up and down measuring beam of light source scans testee, and the every bit on each cross section of testee whenever moves a repeating step 1)-step 2)

4) signal acquisition process device 109 is handled the interference light signal of telecommunication, and result is uploaded to computer 110 carries out graphical analysis and demonstration.

The reflecting mirror 107 on said system right side can move left and right among Fig. 1, thereby produces the interference reference light of different optical path lengths, with the reflected light of corresponding testee 105 different depths.When detection illumination was mapped to above the measured object, except body surface can produce a reflected light, the deep layer of object also had reflected light and comes out; Whenever the detection light that is radiated on the sample 105 moves to a position on sample, reflecting mirror 107 move left and right have once changed reference light and have got light path.At this time, if the light path of reference light has increased, transmission downwards arrives the interference of the light generation of photo-detector 108 in Fig. 1, will be the catoptrical interference of counter sample depths; That is to say, the reference light under this light path, only and the reflected light of sample deep layer be concerned with.So whenever move point of irradiation on the sample, reflecting mirror 107 is just done once and is moved, and signal acquisition circuit 109 just can write down one group of catoptrical interference light information of sample different depth.When point of irradiation all shines whole sample one time, finally just can obtain the interference numerical value of a series of corresponding testee 105 different depths, and then be combined to form the complete image of each aspect, realize the purpose of tomography.

There is following shortcoming in existing OCT technology:

1, this system adopts space optics device, moves, builds the comparison difficulty, and practicality is relatively poor, and aspect external condition such as being easy to be vibrated influences.

2, reference light reflecting mirror translational speed is slow, thereby has influenced measuring speed greatly.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is for overcoming the weak point of prior art, a kind of optical coherence chromatography imaging method and device thereof are proposed, the photosphere that the present invention both can high accuracy, carry out testee by the OCT principle is quickly and easily analysed image, has also simultaneously that conveniently moving, volume are little, an easy advantage such as processing of data.

The present invention has at first proposed a kind of optical coherence chromatography imaging method, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:

1) measurement light source is sent measuring beam, by a light penetrating device (reflectance is between 4%～10%) that has certain reflectance, produce a reflected light and a transillumination, this transillumination shines a bit of testee;

2) after the reflected light of testee is returned by original optical path, with the synthetic together a branch of optical transmission of the reflected light of described light penetrating device, be divided into two-beam again and enter first light path and second light path respectively, wherein the first bundle light returns from former road by first reflecting element reflection back that is arranged in first light path, the second bundle light is delayed a light path of setting again after the reflection of second reflecting element through being arranged on tunable optical delay element in second light path, passes described tunable optical delay element again and returns from former road;

3) the described two bundle reflected light that return cross produce to interfere and laggardly go into photo-detector and produce the corresponding signal of telecommunication;

4) move up and down and be radiated at light beam on the sample, testee is scanned; Whenever move to a point, this tunable optical delay element is done time lag of first order operation, and repeating step 1-3 makes the different cross section of the interferometric phase counter sample of measuring light;

5) signal acquisition processing circuit is handled the interference light signal of telecommunication, and result is uploaded to computer carries out graphical analysis and demonstration.

The another kind of improved optical coherence chromatography imaging method that the present invention proposes is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:

1) be that the light that sends of the measurement light source of λ 1 is as measuring beam with wavelength, by a light penetrating device (reflectance is greatly between 4%～10%) that has certain reflectance, produce a reflected light and a transillumination, this transillumination shines a bit of testee;

2) after the testee reflected light returns original optical path, with the synthetic together a branch of optical transmission of the reflected light of described light penetrating device, be divided into two-beam again and enter first light path and second light path respectively, wherein the first bundle light returns from former road by first reflecting element reflection back that is arranged in first light path, the second bundle light is delayed a light path of setting again after the reflection of second reflecting element through being arranged on tunable optical delay element in second light path, returns from former road after passing described tunable optical delay element again;

4) move up and down and be radiated at light beam on the sample, testee is scanned, whenever move to a point, the tunable optical delay element is time lag of first order operation repeating step 1-3, makes the different cross section of the interferometric phase counter sample of measuring light;

5) with a wavelength be λ 2 with reference to light source (its wavelength X 2 is different from the wavelength X 1 of measuring light), and be divided into two the bundle enter described first light path and second light path respectively with reference to light, wherein first bundle returns from former road by first reflecting element reflection back that is arranged in first light path with reference to light, second bundle with reference to light through after being arranged on tunable optical delay element in second light path and being delayed a light path of setting, again pass the light delay element through second reflecting element reflection again, return from former road after being delayed a light path of setting once more;

7) the described two bundle reflections of returning cross to produce to interfere with reference to light and laggardly go into photo-detector and produce the corresponding signal of telecommunication;

8) signal acquisition processing circuit will be measured the interference light signal of telecommunication and handle with reference to the interference light signal of telecommunication, and result is uploaded to computer carry out graphical analysis and demonstration.Wherein, analyze the influence of light path, can revise and replenish the information of measuring beam to optical information by analyzing the variation of reference beams.

A kind of optical coherent chromatographic imaging device that the present invention proposes is characterized in that this device comprises:

A measurement light source is used for shining tested article, produces the measuring light signal that has tested Item Information;

Optical devices (as optical circulator) with three ports, wherein first port is used for accepting measuring light that described light source sends and exports from second port;

A light penetrating device (reflectance is greatly between 4%～10%) that has certain reflection function, be connected described Optical devices second port, be used for the measuring light of this Optical devices second port of transmission output and this Optical devices second port of the direct reflected back of a part of measuring light with three ports;

A photo measure probe, be arranged on the printing opacity road of this light penetrating device, the light that described second port with Optical devices of three ports that is used to receive is exported, and be transmitted on the testee that (this probe testee is relatively done the two dimensional surface motion, in order to shine from positive complete scan that whole testee front can see have a few), receive the reflected light that carries tested Item Information simultaneously to turn back to behind this Optical devices second port from its 3rd port output;

Optical devices (as fiber coupler) with four ports, this first port receive the light that has Optical devices the 3rd port output of three ports from described, and this light is divided into two-way exports from the 3rd, the 4th port;

A controlled quick optical delay devices (as controlled quick optical delay line), one terminate on the light path of the 3rd port output of described Optical devices with three ports, be used for (accurately and fast) regulate the light path in this light path;

First reflecting mirror is connected on the other end of controlled quick optical delay devices, is used for the luminous reflectance of controlled quick optical delay devices output is returned controlled quick optical delay devices; Export from described second port by controlled quick optical delay devices again with Optical devices of four ports;

Second reflecting mirror is connected on the light path of the 4th port output of described Optical devices with four ports, is used for that the output luminous reflectance from the 4th port of these Optical devices returned these Optical devices and from second port output of these Optical devices;

First photodetector is connected on the light path of second port output of photo-coupler, and the light intensity that is used for measuring this light path output light changes, and changes into corresponding signal of telecommunication output;

The circuit kit system is used for handling the signal of telecommunication of photodetector, and controls each the device operation of described system, output measurement result.

On the basis of above-mentioned each device, this device also comprise a wavelength be λ 2 with reference to light source and be connected this and close multiplexer with reference to a wavelength-division on the light source output light path, be used for a branch of merging to reference to light measured in the light path; Another light input end that multiplexer is closed in this wavelength-division links to each other with described Optical devices the 3rd port with three ports, and the optical output port that multiplexer is closed in this wavelength-division links to each other with described first port with Optical devices of four ports.

This device also can comprise second Wave decomposing multiplexer and second photodetector.Be used for separating, and export one with reference to optical signal to second photo-detector with measuring light with reference to light.Two outfans of this second Wave decomposing multiplexer link to each other with the input of described first, second photodetector respectively, the input of this second wavelength division multiplexer links to each other with described Optical devices second port with four ports, and the outfan of this second photodetector links to each other with the signal acquisition circuit of described Circuits System.

Said apparatus can comprise that also an optoisolator is connected on first wavelength division multiplexer and has between the Optical devices of four ports, and the light retroeflection that stops photo-coupler is to first wavelength division multiplexer.

Said apparatus also can comprise a controllable light delayer, is connected second reflecting mirror and has second light path between Optical devices the 4th port of four ports, in order to regulate the light path in this light path;

Said apparatus can comprise that also a display is connected the Circuits System back, is used for showing the tomographic image that produces through the Circuits System computing.

Said apparatus also can comprise a polarizer (optional polarization generator, Polarization Controller, light polarization modulator or polarization switch a kind of), be connected the outfan of measurement light source, be used for the light that this light source sends is adjusted to a needed polarization state according to the test needs;

Said apparatus can comprise that also a controllable light attenuator is connected between photo-coupler the 3rd port and the controlled quick light delay device, perhaps be connected between Optical devices the 4th port and second reflecting mirror with four ports, be used for regulating this road light intensity, make it to be complementary with the light intensity of other one tunnel reflected light;

Described first reflecting mirror of said apparatus and second reflecting mirror can adopt faraday's reflecting mirror, are used for eliminating the polarization interference that measuring light causes because of transmission medium in transmission course;

Can comprise that also the measuring light that described second port with Optical devices of four ports is exported is divided into a polarization beam apparatus and one the 3rd photo-detector of the orthogonal two-way light of polarization state, described polarization beam apparatus input is connected described second output port with Optical devices of four ports, and a printing opacity outfan of polarization beam apparatus is connected with first photodetector; The another one reflected light outfan of polarization beam apparatus is connected with the 3rd photodetector; Described first and the outfan of the 3rd photodetector be connected simultaneously on the described Circuits System.

Said apparatus can comprise that also the light with first outfan of described Wave decomposing multiplexer output measuring light is divided into a polarization beam apparatus and one the 3rd photo-detector of the orthogonal two-way light of polarization state, described polarization beam apparatus input is connected first output port of described Wave decomposing multiplexer, and a printing opacity outfan of polarization beam apparatus is connected with first photodetector; The another one reflected light outfan of polarization beam apparatus is connected with the 3rd photodetector; Outfan described first, that calculate the two and the 3rd photodetector is connected on the described Circuits System simultaneously.

Main feature of the present invention and useful effect:

Method of the present invention has been introduced the light polarization signal as the metrical information carrier, adopt the light polarization control method, thereby can overcome the polarization relative influence that fibre system stress produces, make that not only measuring stability improves greatly, and can eliminate because the interference that sample and optical transmission media (as optical fiber) birefringence factor are brought makes certainty of measurement greatly improve; Also can increase chromatography information, thereby improve the chromatography precision.

Apparatus of the present invention can adopt full optical fiber optical optical road system to carry out the transmission of optical signal, can overcome the space optical path system and be difficult for the shortcoming of moving, be subjected to easily extraneous vibration etc. to influence; But adopted the quick optical delay line of high-speed motion to change light path, made measuring process very fast, can realize real-time monitoring.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is present existing OCT optical system sketch map;

Fig. 2 is embodiments of the invention 1 optical texture sketch maps;

Fig. 3 is embodiments of the invention 1 workflow schematic diagrams;

Fig. 4 is embodiments of the invention 2 (modified model of Fig. 2) optical texture sketch maps, and wherein photo-detector 217 is replaced by the set of devices of a polarization beam apparatus 2171 and two photo-detectors (217,2173) composition among Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is embodiments of the invention 3 optical texture sketch maps.

Fig. 6 is embodiments of the invention 4 (to the improvement of Fig. 5) optical texture sketch maps; Wherein getting photo-detector 517 among Fig. 5 is replaced by the set of devices of a polarization beam apparatus 5171 and two photo-detectors (517,5173) composition;

The specific embodiment

Optical coherence chromatography imaging method that the present invention proposes and device thereof reach embodiment in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and are described in detail as follows:

1) measurement light source is sent measuring beam, by a light penetrating device (reflectance is greatly between 4%～10%) that has certain reflectance, produce a reflected light and a transillumination, this transillumination shines a bit of testee;

Also can be included in the measurement light source outfan in the said method step 1) and add a polarization state generator or Polarization Controller, will export light and be adjusted to a known polarization state, this parameter can be used as the reference information of final Measurement and analysis.

Above-mentioned steps 2) also comprises in and stoping during described two bundle reflected light retroeflection are divided into light path before the two-way to measuring light.

Said method step 2) also is included in and adds an optical delay devices in first light path, before the scanning sample, adjust the phase place of two beam interferometer light in advance, make from reaching ideal interference effect between sample reflected light and the reflected light from described light penetrating device.

Said method step 2) first and second reflecting elements described in adopt the polarization of incident light direction to be revolved and turn 90 degrees the reflecting element that back reflection goes back, and disturb with the polarization of eliminating in the light path.

Above-mentioned steps 3) also can comprise: the described two bundle reflected light that return carry out polarization beam splitting after crossing and produce interfering again, be divided into the mutually orthogonal polarized light of two-beam polarization state after, enter into two photo-detectors respectively and produce the corresponding signals of telecommunication.

Also comprise in the said method step 5) and gather polarization state change information in the light path, to analyze the sample internal structure and to carry out tomography.

6) the described two bundle reflections of returning cross to produce to interfere with reference to light and laggardly go into photo-detector and produce the corresponding signal of telecommunication;

7) signal acquisition processing circuit will be measured the interference light signal of telecommunication and handle with reference to the interference light signal of telecommunication, and result is uploaded to computer carry out graphical analysis and demonstration; Wherein, analyze the influence of light path, can revise and replenish the information of measuring beam to optical information by analyzing the variation of reference beams.

Also be included in the measurement light source outfan in the said method step 1) and add a polarization state generator or Polarization Controller, will export light and be adjusted to a known polarization state, this parameter can be used as the reference information of final Measurement and analysis.

Said method step 2) also comprises in and stop described two bundle measuring light reflected light and be divided in the light path before the two-way to described measuring light with reference to light with reference to the retroeflection of luminous reflectance light.

Said method step 2) comprising also in that first and second reflecting elements adopt the polarization of incident light direction to be revolved turn 90 degrees the reflecting element that reflects back, and disturbs with the polarization of eliminating in the light path.

The said method step 3) comprises specifically that also described two bundles that return measure reflected light and cross to produce and carry out polarization beam splitting again after interfering, be divided into the mutually orthogonal polarized light of two-beam polarization state after, enter into two photo-detectors respectively and produce the corresponding signals of telecommunication.

Also comprise in the said method step 7) by gathering polarization state change information in the light path, analyze the sample internal structure and carry out tomography.

A kind of full-optical fiber optical coherence tomography device that the present invention proposes is characterized in that this device comprises:

The foregoing circuit system comprises: a signal acquisition circuit, be connected the outfan of first photodetector, and be used for signal of telecommunication processing and amplifying that photodetector is sent and convert digital signal to;

A central control circuit (CPU) is connected the outfan of signal acquisition circuit, is used for handling the detectable signal that receives, simultaneously by circuit connect to described light source, optical delay line, the active photoelectric device of light probe send control instruction fast;

A power supply is power supplies such as light source, signal acquisition circuit, light delay device, photo measure probe and central processing unit.

Said apparatus can comprise that also a controllable light attenuator is connected between Optical devices the 3rd port and controlled quick optical delay devices with four ports, perhaps be connected between this Optical devices the 4th port and second reflecting mirror, be used for regulating this road light intensity, make it to be complementary with the light intensity of other one tunnel reflected light;

Said apparatus can comprise that also an optoisolator is connected between Optical devices the 3rd port with three ports and Optical devices first port with four ports, and the light retroeflection that stops the Optical devices with four ports is to the Optical devices with three ports.

Said apparatus also can comprise a controllable light delayer, is connected second reflecting mirror and has between Optical devices the 4th port of four ports, in order to regulate the light path in this light path, makes the interference light in the light path reach optimum matching;

Said apparatus also can comprise a polarizer (optional polarization generator, Polarization Controller, light polarization modulator or polarization switch a kind of), be connected the outfan of described measurement light source and have between Optical devices first port of three ports, be used for the light that light source sends is adjusted to a needed polarization state according to the test needs;

Said apparatus can comprise that also a display is connected the central processing unit back, is used for showing the tomographic image that produces through the central processing unit computing.

Said apparatus can comprise that also one is used for the light that described second end with Optical devices of four ports is exported is divided into polarization state orthogonal two-way polarisation of light beam splitter and second photodetector, the polarization beam apparatus input is connected described second port with Optical devices of four ports, and a printing opacity outfan of polarization beam apparatus is connected with first photodetector; A reflected light outfan of polarization beam apparatus is connected with second photodetector; Described signal acquisition circuit is connected the outfan of first, second photodetector simultaneously.

First reflecting mirror and second reflecting mirror of said apparatus can adopt faraday's reflecting mirror, are used for eliminating the polarization interference that measuring light causes because of transmission medium in transmission course.

The another kind of optical coherent chromatographic imaging device that the present invention proposes is characterized in that this device comprises:

One measurement light source (wavelength is λ 1) is used for shining tested article, produces the measuring light signal that has tested Item Information;

Optical devices (as the light annular device) with three ports, wherein first port is used for accepting light that described light source sends and exports from second port;

A photo measure probe, be arranged on the printing opacity road of this light penetrating device, be used to receive the Optical devices with three ports second port output light and be transmitted into testee (this probe testee relatively done two dimensional surface and moved, in order to complete scan shine that whole testee front can see have a few), receive simultaneously that the reflected light that carries tested Item Information turns back to optical circulator 503 second ports and from its 3rd port output;

Optical devices (as fiber coupler) with four ports, this first port receives the light from the output of optical circulator the 3rd port, and this light is divided into three, the four port output of two-way from Optical devices with four ports;

A controlled quick light delay device, one terminate on the light path of the 3rd port output of the Optical devices with four ports, be used for (accurately and fast) regulate the light path in this light path;

First reflecting mirror is connected on the other end of controlled quick light delay device, is used for the luminous reflectance of controlled quick light delay device output is returned controlled quick light delay device, again by the second port output of controlled quick light delay device from Optical devices with four ports;

Second reflecting mirror is connected on the light path of the 4th port output of the Optical devices with four ports, is used for that the output luminous reflectance from the 4th port of these Optical devices returned these Optical devices and from second port output of these Optical devices;

First photodetector is connected on the light path of second port output of the Optical devices with four ports, and the light intensity that is used for measuring this light path output light changes, and changes into corresponding signal of telecommunication output;

This Circuits System can comprise: a signal acquisition circuit is connected the outfan of first photodetector, is used for signal of telecommunication processing and amplifying that photodetector is sent and convert digital signal to;

A central control circuit (CPU) is connected the outfan of signal acquisition circuit, is used for handling the detectable signal that receives, and connects to light source, quick light delay device, the active photoelectric device of light probe by circuit simultaneously and sends control instruction;

A power supply is power supplies such as light source, signal acquisition circuit, light delay device, photo measure probe and central processing unit;

Above-mentioned each device is identical with the basic composition of previous device, on this basis, this device also comprise one with reference to light source (wavelength is λ 2, λ 2 and λ 1 are inequality) and be connected this with reference to one first wavelength division multiplexer (closing multiplexer) on the light source output light path as wavelength-division, be used for a branch of merging to reference to light measured in the light path; Another light input end of this wavelength division multiplexer links to each other with described Optical devices the 3rd port with three ports, and the optical output port of this wavelength division multiplexer links to each other with described first port with Optical devices of four ports.

This device also comprises one second wavelength division multiplexer (as Wave decomposing multiplexer) and second photodetector.Be used for separating, and export one with reference to optical signal to second photo-detector with measuring light with reference to light.Two outfans of this second wavelength division multiplexer link to each other with the input of described first, second photodetector respectively, the input of this second wavelength division multiplexer links to each other with described Optical devices second port with four ports, and the outfan of this second photodetector links to each other with the signal acquisition circuit of described Circuits System.

Said apparatus can comprise that also the measuring light that described second port with Optical devices of four ports is exported is divided into a polarization beam apparatus and one the 3rd photo-detector of the orthogonal two-way light of polarization state, described polarization beam apparatus input is connected described second output port with Optical devices of four ports, and a printing opacity outfan of polarization beam apparatus is connected with first photodetector; The another one reflected light outfan of polarization beam apparatus is connected with the 3rd photodetector; Described first and the outfan of the 3rd photodetector be connected simultaneously on the described Circuits System.

Said apparatus can comprise that also the light with first outfan of described Wave decomposing multiplexer output measuring light is divided into a polarization beam apparatus and one the 3rd photo-detector of the orthogonal two-way light of polarization state, described polarization beam apparatus input is connected first output port of described Wave decomposing multiplexer, and a printing opacity outfan of polarization beam apparatus is connected with first photodetector; The another one reflected light outfan of polarization beam apparatus is connected with the 3rd photodetector; The outfan of described first, second and the 3rd photodetector is connected the input of signal acquisition circuit simultaneously.

The device embodiment 1 of the complete optical fiber polarization type optical coherence tomography high accuracy imaging of realization the inventive method of the present invention's design, it forms structure as shown in Figure 2, this device comprises: an all-in-onecase, in this cabinet front the display device 221 that is made of display screen is set, in cabinet, be equipped with: a measurement light source 201, one polarization generator (or Polarization Controller) 202 (can select for use), one optical circulator 203, an optoisolator 208 (can select for use), a photo-coupler 209, a controllable light attenuator 212 (can select for use), 214, one controllable light delayers 213 of a fast controllable optical fiber delayer (can select for use), two faraday's reflecting mirrors 216,215, photo-detector 219, one central control circuits of 217, one data Acquisition Circuit (CPU) 220, a display 221 (can select for use); (wherein main optics is a planoconvex lens to a printing opacity optic probe that has certain reflection function (reflectance is greatly between 4%～10%) in the optic probe; Be about to 206 among the figure and merge to 205 synthetic devices) 205 constitute the optical detection mechanism of these devices, and power supply.Above-mentioned each optical component connects by optical fiber, and component connects by lead, specifies as follows:

Measurement light source 201 electrical inputs are connected to central control circuit 220, and obtain power supply by central control circuit; Light output end links to each other by optical fiber with polarization generator (or Polarization Controller) 202 light input ends;

The electrical input of polarization generator (or Polarization Controller) 202 links to each other with central control circuit 220, and light output end links to each other by optical fiber with the port one of optical circulator 203;

The port 2 of optical circulator 203 links to each other by optical fiber with optic probe 205 input/output end ports, and the light input end mouth of port 3 and optoisolator 208 links to each other by optical fiber;

First port of photo-coupler 209 links to each other by optical fiber with the optical output port of optoisolator 208, makes that the light in the optical fiber can only be propagated to photo-coupler 209 from optical circulator 203.Second port of photo-coupler 209 the same sides links to each other by optical fiber with photodetector 217 light input ends; Photo-coupler 209 third and fourth ports link to each other with controllable light attenuator 212, controllable light delayer 213 respectively;

Two light input/output end ports of controllable light attenuator 212 link to each other with fast controllable light delay device 214 with photo-coupler 209 the 3rd port respectively, and are connected to central control circuit 220 by circuit and accept its control;

An optical port of fast controllable optical fiber delayer 214 links to each other with optical attenuator 212, and the another one optical port links to each other with one first faraday rotation mirror 216.Fast controllable light delay device 214 is connected to central control circuit 220 by circuit and accepts its control simultaneously;

Two optical ports of light delay device 213, the 4th port of one of them and photo-coupler 209 links to each other, and another one links to each other with another one second faraday rotation mirror 215.Be connected to central control circuit 220 by circuit simultaneously and accept its control;

The electrical signal of photodetector 217 links to each other with central control circuit 220 by a data Acquisition Circuit 219;

Image display device 221 links to each other with central control circuit 220, accepts central control circuit 220 information and display image.

The function and the embodiment of the each several part device of this device are respectively described below:

Measurement light source 201 is used for to whole system provides measuring light, and present embodiment adopts the General Photonics SLD-101 of company type product.

Polarization generator or Polarization Controller 202 are used for measuring light is adjusted into a fixing known polarization state, make the interference that is not vulnerable to the polarization noise in the system in the measuring process, when also being convenient to data analysis, polarization information are joined in the middle of the analytical data; The polarization generator 202 of present embodiment adopts the General Photonics PSG-001 of company type product.

Optical circulator 203 is used for distribute surveying light, makes to survey illumination and be mapped to sample 204, and sample 204 reflected light are returned enters into measuring system.The embodiment of optical circulator adopts the optic communication optical circulator of market routine.

Optic probe 205 is used to send surveys light to sample 204, accepts the reflected light of testee 204 simultaneously; The main optics of the embodiment of optic probe 205 adopts a common small-sized plano-convex condenser lens; The planar section of this planoconvex lens is towards the direction of light annular device 203 second ports, anti-reflection film is not plated on its plane, like this, before the sample reflected light enters optic probe, there has been the measuring light of a branch of certain intensity to be reflected back toward optical circulator 203, as the reference beam of interfering with the sample reflected light.Here explanation a bit, this has the size of design reflectivity rate of the light penetrating device (present embodiment employing planoconvex lens) of certain reflectance, can decide according to the reflectance of testee measuring light, if the reflected light ability of testee is strong, then need the reflectance of described light penetrating device strong, be complementary with the light intensity of the measuring light that guarantees to reflect from testee and the reflected light light intensity of light penetrating device, finally can obtain an interference effect preferably.

Available optoisolator 208 is used to limit the transmission direction of optical signal can only be propagated to photo-coupler 209 directions from optical circulator 203, makes the reflected light of returning from photo-coupler 209 can not get back to optical circulator.The embodiment of optoisolator adopts market general light Communication ray isolator.

The light beam that photo-coupler 209 is used for coming from optical circulator 203 is divided into two bundles and is transferred to optical attenuator 212 and light delay device 213 respectively, and the optical signal that will finally reflect from two faraday rotation mirrors 215,216 merge produce interfere after, be transferred in the photodetector 217.The embodiment of photo-coupler adopts market general light communication photo-coupler;

Light delay device 214 changes light path by accepting electric control signal fast fast, one of implementation is that the length to optical fiber stretches, thereby change wherein light path, so that produce the catoptrical interference light of corresponding sample different depth aspect in the photo-coupler 209 by light.The embodiment of light delay device 214 adopts the General Photonics FPS-001 of company type product fast.

Light delay device 213 is used at tested article of difference and whole measuring system situation, and the optical path difference that produces two light paths of interfering is carried out the quantitative phase initial adjustment, to guarantee that having only effective measuring beam to produce interferes.The embodiment of light delay device 213 adopts the General Photonics MDL-002 of company type product.

Controllable light attenuator 212 is used for regulating the light intensity of quick light delay device 214, this road light intensity and other one tunnel light intensity is kept in balance, thereby make that the interference effect of two-beam is better.Controllable light attenuator 212 also can be placed in the light path at light delay device 213 places.The controllable light attenuator of present embodiment adopts JDSU company conventional products.

Faraday's reflecting mirror 215,216 is used for two bundle coherent beam reflected light bonders from photo-coupler are made it to produce and interfere.The another one effect of faraday's reflecting mirror is by rotation effect, and the polarization noise that produces in the light path is eliminated.The embodiment of faraday's reflecting mirror adopts the General Photonics FRM-001 of company type product.

Photodetector 217 is used for converting optical signal to the signal of telecommunication, and is transferred to data acquisition circuit 219; The embodiment of photodetector adopts the general optic communication photodetector in market.

Data acquisition circuit 219 converts the analog electrical signal of photodetector 217 to digital signal, carries out date processing for central processing circuit 220.

Central control circuit 220 is used to be respectively light source, the polarization generator, and light delay device, quick light delay device, optical attenuators etc. provide control signal.Accept the signal of photodetector simultaneously, these signals are analyzed, calculate image-forming information for each aspect of sample, and with this signal output.

Display device 221 is from central control circuit 220 received signals, and image is shown.

Power supply is power supplies such as light source, signal acquisition circuit, light delay device, photo measure probe and central processing unit;

The central control circuit of present embodiment, central control circuit, display device, and power supply is the ordinary skill in the art and product.

The work process that present embodiment is measured an object optics tomographic map is described as follows in conjunction with Fig. 3:

1, user energized makes entire mechanism charged;

2, connect light source 201 by central control circuit 220;

3, by central control circuit 220, regulate polarization generator or Polarization Controller 202, make the polarization state in the light path reach proper state (according to the Polarization-Sensitive degree of light path, device, and testee polarization of reflected light characteristic, adjust 502, make the input polarized state of light can guarantee the maximum clear of interference light signal);

4, optic probe 205 is aimed at tested article 204;

5, regulate light delay device 213 by central control circuit 220, make the phase place of two-way interference light reach matching status (promptly guaranteeing the coherence preferably that reaches of required interference);

6, regulate optical attenuator 212 by central control circuit 220, make the light intensity of light path interference light reach matching status (guarantee that promptly the two-beam of interfering mates aspect light intensity, realize the maximum clear of interference signal); By automatically controlled or manual control, make 205 pairs of testees of optic probe 204 carry out two-dimensional scan;

7, regulate quick light delay device 214 by central control circuit 220, make in optic probe 205 scanning processes, every through a point, light delay device 214 all can be finished the time lag of first order variation fast, with the reflected light of corresponding sample different depth;

8, central control circuit 220 is accepted the interference light intensity variation of photodetector 217;

9,220 pairs of all received information of central control circuit are carried out sequential operation, calculate chromatography information, and generate pictorial display in display device 221.

Device embodiment 2 structures of the present invention proposes a kind of follow-on full-optical fiber optical coherence chromatographic imaging to the foregoing description 1 as shown in Figure 4, it is substantially the same manner as Example 1 that it forms structure, its difference is: add a polarization beam apparatus 2171 between first kind of device photo-coupler 209 and photo-detector 217, add second photo-detector 2173 and first photo-detector 217 in addition and be connected in polarization beam apparatus 2171 and data acquisition circuit 219 between, polarization beam apparatus 2171 is divided into the mutually orthogonal light in two bundle polarization directions with optical signal, more respectively by two photo-

detectors

217,2173 accept and produce two signals of telecommunication to export to data acquisition circuit 219.Utilize this improved device, the polarization information of measuring light can be collected in the data acquisition circuit 219, thereby can further improve measurement data by of the influence of analytic sample structure to the measuring light polarization state.

Embodiments of the invention 3 are dual wavelength full-optical fiber optical coherence tomography device, this embodiment also is the improvement to embodiment 1, its structure as shown in Figure 5, this device comprises: a whole casing, comprise the display device 521 that constitutes by display screen, the measurement light source 501 of one λ, 1 wavelength is installed in casing, one polarization generator (or Polarization Controller) 502 (can select for use), one optical circulator 503, a wavelength-division multiplex closes multiplexer 506,510, one λ 2 wavelength of a Wave division multiplexer/demultiplexer with reference to 507, one optoisolators 508 of light source (can select for use), a photo-coupler 509, a controllable light attenuator 512 (can select for use), 514, one light delay devices 513 of controlled quick light delay device (can select for use), two faraday's reflecting mirrors 516,515, λ 1 photo-detector 517, one a data Acquisition Circuit 519 of 518, one λ, 2 photo-detectors and a central control circuit (CPU) 520.An optic probe 505 that has certain reflection function (reflectance is greatly between 4%～10%), (wherein main optics is a planoconvex lens in the optic probe; Be about to 506 among the figure and merge to 505 synthetic devices) 205 constitute the detection agency of these devices; Above-mentioned each optical component connects by optical fiber, and component connects by lead, specifies as follows:

λ 1 measurement light source 501 electrical inputs are connected to central control circuit 520, and obtain power supply by central control circuit; Light output end links to each other with polarization generator (or Polarization Controller) 502 light input ends by optical fiber.

The electrical input of polarization generator (or Polarization Controller) 502 links to each other with central control circuit 520, and light output end links to each other with first port of optical circulator 503.

Second port of optical circulator 503 links to each other with optic probe 505 input/output end ports on being installed in casing, and the 3rd port links to each other with the light input end mouth that a wavelength-division multiplex closes multiplexer 506.

The another one light input end mouth that wavelength-division multiplex closes multiplexer 506 links to each other with λ 2 light sources 507, and this light source 507 obtains power supply and accepts control by central control circuit 520.

The optical output port that first port and the wavelength-division multiplex of photo-coupler 509 closes multiplexer 506 links to each other, and the centre seals in an optoisolator 508, makes that the light in the optical fiber can only close multiplexer 506 to photo-coupler 509 propagation from wavelength-division multiplex.Second port of photo-coupler 509 links to each other with Wave division multiplexer/demultiplexer 510 light input ends; The 3rd port of photo-coupler 509 links to each other with controllable light attenuator 512, and the 4th port links to each other with controllable light delayer 513.

The light input end mouth of controllable light attenuator 512 links to each other with quick light delay device 514 with photo-coupler 509 respectively with output port, and accepts the control of central control circuit 520 by circuit.

An optical port of light delay device 514 links to each other with optical attenuator 512 fast, and the another one optical port links to each other with one of them faraday's reflecting mirror 516.Simultaneously quick light delay device 514 is accepted the control of central processing circuit 520 by circuit.

Two optical ports of light delay device 513, the 4th port of one of them and photo-coupler 509 links to each other, and the another one optical port links to each other with another one faraday reflecting mirror 515.Accept the control of central control circuit 520 simultaneously by circuit.

A light input end mouth of a Wave division multiplexer/demultiplexer 510 links to each other with photo-coupler 509 the 4th port, and one of them output port links to each other with a λ 2 photodetectors 517; The another one output port links to each other with λ 1 photo-detector 518;

The electrical signal of two photo-detectors 517,518 all links to each other with central control circuit 520 by a data capture card 519;

Image display device 521 links to each other with central control circuit 520, accepts central control circuit 520 information and display image.

λ 1 light source 501 is used for to whole system provides measuring light, and present embodiment adopts the General Photonics SLD-101 of company type product.

Polarization generator (or Polarization Controller) 502 is used for measuring light is adjusted into a fixing known polarization state, makes the interference that is not vulnerable to the polarization noise in the system in the measuring process, when being convenient to data analysis, polarization information is joined in the middle of the analytical data; The embodiment of polarization generator (or Polarization Controller) 502 adopts the General Photonics PSG-001 of company type product.

Optical circulator 503 is used for distribute surveying light, makes to survey illumination and be mapped to sample 504, and sample 504 reflected light are returned enters into measuring system.The embodiment of optical circulator adopts the optic communication optical circulator of market routine.

Optic probe 505 is used to send surveys light to sample 504, accepts the reflective of testee 504 simultaneously; Optic probe 505 present embodiments adopt common small-sized plano-convex condenser lens to constitute; Wherein the planar ends of planoconvex lens is towards the direction of light annular device 503 second ports, anti-reflection film is not plated on its plane, like this, before the sample reflected light enters optic probe 505, there has been the measuring light of a branch of certain intensity to be reflected back toward optical circulator 503, as the reference beam of interfering with the sample reflected light.

λ 2 is used for providing with reference to light for the test of whole system with reference to light source 507, and present embodiment adopts the GeneralPhotonics SLD-101 of company type product.

Wavelength-division multiplex closes multiplexer 506 and is used for being multiplexed in the middle of one road optical fiber the reference of the measuring light of λ 1 wavelength and λ 2 wavelength is photosynthetic.The embodiment that wavelength-division multiplex closes multiplexer 506 adopts market general light communication wavelength division multiplexer.

The transmission direction that available optoisolator 508 is used to limit optical signal can only be closed multiplexer 506 from wavelength-division multiplex and be propagated to photo-coupler 509 directions, makes the reflected light of returning from photo-coupler 509 can not get back to wavelength-division multiplex and closes multiplexer.The embodiment of optoisolator adopts market general light Communication ray isolator.

Photo-coupler 509 is used for being divided into two bundles and being transferred to optical attenuator 512 and light delay device 513 respectively close light beam that multiplexer 506 comes from wavelength-division multiplex, and the optical signal that will finally reflect from two faraday rotation mirrors 515,516 merge produce interfere after, be transferred in the wavelength-division multiplex division multiplexer 510.The embodiment of photo-coupler adopts market general light communication photo-coupler;

Optical delay line 514 changes light path by accepting electric control signal fast fast, one of method is that the length to optical fiber stretches, thereby change wherein light path, so that produce the catoptrical interference light of corresponding sample different depth aspect in the photo-coupler 509 by light.The embodiment of fiber stretcher apparatus adopts the General Photonics FPS-001 of company type product.

Light delay device 513 is used at tested article of difference and whole measuring system situation, and the optical path difference that produces two light paths of interfering is carried out the quantitative phase initial adjustment, to guarantee that having only effective measuring beam to produce interferes.The embodiment of light delay device adopts the General Photonics MDL-002 of company type product.

Available controllable light attenuator 512 is used to regulate the light intensity by quick light delay device 514, this road light intensity and other one tunnel light intensity is kept in balance, thereby make that the interference effect of two-beam is better.The embodiment of controllable light attenuator adopts JDSU company conventional products.

Faraday's reflecting mirror 515,516 is used for two bundle coherent beam reflected light bonders from photo-coupler are made it to produce and interfere.The another one effect of faraday's reflecting mirror is by rotation effect, and the polarization noise that produces in the light path is eliminated.The embodiment of faraday's reflecting mirror adopts the General Photonics FRM-001 of company type product.

Wave division multiplexer/demultiplexer 510 is used for the flashlight of two wavelength separately and be transferred to respectively in the middle of two photodetectors 517,518.The embodiment of Wave division multiplexer/demultiplexer 510 adopts the general optic communication wavelength division multiplexer in market.

λ 2 photodetectors 517 are used for converting reference optical signal to the signal of telecommunication, and are transferred to data acquisition circuit 519; λ 1 photodetector 518 is used for the measuring light conversion of signals is become the signal of telecommunication, and is transferred to data acquisition circuit 519; The embodiment of photodetector adopts the general optic communication photodetector in market.

Data acquisition circuit 519 converts the analog electrical signal of photodetector 517,518 to digital signal, carries out date processing for central processing circuit 520.

Central control circuit 520 is used to be respectively light source, the polarization generator, and light delay device, quick light delay device, optical attenuator provides control signal.Accept the signal of photodetector simultaneously, these signals are analyzed, calculate image-forming information for each aspect of sample, and with this signal output.

Display device 521 is from central control circuit 520 received signals, and image is shown.

The work process that present embodiment is measured an object optics tomographic map is described as follows:

1, user energized makes entire mechanism charged;

2, connect λ 1 light source 501 and λ 2 light sources 507 by central control circuit 520;

3, by central control circuit 520, regulate polarization generator or Polarization Controller 502, make the polarization state in the light path reach proper state (according to the Polarization-Sensitive degree of light path, device, and testee polarization of reflected light characteristic, adjust 502, make the input polarized state of light can guarantee the maximum clear of interference light signal);

4, optic probe 504 is aimed at tested article 504;

5, regulate light delay device 513 by central control circuit 520, make the phase place of two-way interference light reach matching status (promptly guaranteeing the coherence preferably that reaches of required interference);

6, regulate optical attenuator (available) 512 by central control circuit 520, make the light intensity of light path interference light reach matching status (guarantee that promptly the two-beam of interfering mates aspect light intensity, realize the maximum clear of interference signal);

7,, make 505 pairs of testees of optic probe 504 carry out flat scanning by automatically controlled or manual control;

8, regulate controlled quick light delay device 514 by central control circuit 520, make that in optic probe 505 scanning processes every through a point, controlled quick light delay device 514 all can be finished one-off drawing, with the reflected light of corresponding sample different depth;

9, central control circuit 520 is accepted the interference light intensity variation of two photodetectors 517,518;

10,520 pairs of all received information of central control circuit are carried out sequential operation, calculate chromatography information, and generate pictorial display in display device 521.

Modified model embodiment 4 structures of the device embodiment 3 of the fine dual wavelength optical coherence chromatographic imaging of above-mentioned second kind of full gloss that the present invention proposes as shown in Figure 6, its composition structure and second kind of device are basic identical, its difference is: add a polarization beam apparatus 5171 between second kind of device Wave decomposing multiplexer 510 and photo-detector 517, add second photo-detector 5173 and first photo-detector 517 in addition and be connected in polarization beam apparatus 5171 and data acquisition circuit 519 between, polarization beam apparatus 5171 is divided into the mutually orthogonal light in two bundle polarization directions with optical signal, more respectively by two photo-

detectors

517,5173 accept and produce two signals of telecommunication to export to data acquisition circuit 519.Utilize this improved device, the polarization information of measuring light can be collected in the data acquisition circuit, thereby can further improve measurement data by of the influence of analytic sample structure to the measuring light polarization state.

Claims

1. an optical coherence chromatography imaging method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:

1) measurement light source is sent measuring beam, by a light penetrating device that has certain reflectance, produce a reflected light and a transillumination, this transillumination shines a bit of sample, also be included in this measurement light source outfan and add a polarization state generator or Polarization Controller, will export light and be adjusted to a known polarization state;

2) after the reflected light of sample is returned by original optical path, with the synthetic together a branch of optical transmission of the reflected light of described light penetrating device, be divided into two-beam again and enter first light path and second light path respectively, wherein the first bundle light returns from former road by first reflecting element reflection back that is arranged in first light path, the second bundle light is delayed a light path of setting again after the reflection of second reflecting element through being arranged on tunable optical delay element in second light path, passes described tunable optical delay element again and returns from former road;

4) move up and down and be radiated at light beam on the sample, sample is scanned; Whenever move to a point, this tunable optical delay element is done time lag of first order operation, repeating step 1)-3), make the different cross section of the corresponding sample of interferometric phase of measuring light;

2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described step 2) in comprise also that the reflected light retroeflection that stops first, second reflecting element reflection is divided into light path before the two-way to measuring light.

3. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step 2) also is included in and adds an optical delay devices in first light path, before the scanning sample, adjust the phase place of two beam interferometer light in advance, make from reaching ideal interference effect between sample reflected light and the reflected light from described light penetrating device.

4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described step 2) described in first and second reflecting elements adopt the polarization of incident light direction to be revolved and turn 90 degrees the reflecting element that back reflection goes back, disturb with the polarization of eliminating in the light path.

5. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step 3) also comprises: the described two bundle reflected light that return carry out polarization beam splitting after crossing and produce interfering again, be divided into the mutually orthogonal polarized light of two-beam polarization state after, enter into two photo-detectors respectively and produce the corresponding signals of telecommunication.

6. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises in the described step 5) gathering polarization state change information in the light path, to analyze the sample internal structure and to carry out tomography.

7. an optical coherence chromatography imaging method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:

1) be that the light that sends of the measurement light source of λ 1 is as measuring beam with wavelength, by a light penetrating device that has certain reflectance, produce a reflected light and a transillumination, this transillumination shines a bit of sample, also be included in the measurement light source outfan and add a polarization state generator or Polarization Controller, to export light and be adjusted to a known polarization state, the parameter of reflection polarization state is used as the reference information of final Measurement and analysis;

2) after the sample reflected light returns original optical path, with the synthetic together a branch of optical transmission of the reflected light of described light penetrating device, be divided into two-beam again and enter first light path and second light path respectively, wherein the first bundle light returns from former road by first reflecting element reflection back that is arranged in first light path, the second bundle light is delayed a light path of setting again after the reflection of second reflecting element through being arranged on tunable optical delay element in second light path, returns from former road after passing described tunable optical delay element again;

4) move up and down and be radiated at light beam on the sample, sample is scanned, whenever move to a point, the tunable optical delay element is done time lag of first order operation repeating step 1)-3), make the different cross section of the interferometric phase counter sample of measuring light;

5) with a wavelength be λ 2 with reference to light source, and be divided into two the bundle enter described first light path and second light path respectively with reference to light, wherein first bundle returns from former road by described first reflecting element reflection back that is arranged in first light path with reference to light, second bundle with reference to light through after being arranged on described tunable optical delay element in second light path and being delayed a light path of setting, again pass this light delay element through the reflection of described second reflecting element again, return from former road after being delayed a light path of setting once more;

6) the described two bundle reflections of returning cross with reference to light and enter the corresponding signal of telecommunication of described photo-detector generation after generation is interfered;

7) signal acquisition processing circuit will be measured the interference light signal of telecommunication and handle with reference to the interference light signal of telecommunication, and result is uploaded to computer carry out graphical analysis and demonstration; Wherein, analyze the influence of light path, the information of measuring beam is revised and replenished optical information by analyzing the variation of reference beams.

8. method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that step 2) in comprise that also the reflected light retroeflection that stops first, second reflecting element reflection is divided in the light path before the two-way to described measuring light with reference to light.

9. as method as described in the claim 7, it is characterized in that, described step 2) also is included in and adds an optical delay devices in first light path, before the scanning sample, adjust the phase place of two beam interferometer light in advance, make from reaching ideal interference effect between sample reflected light and the reflected light from described light penetrating device.

10. method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, described step 2) in comprise also that first and second reflecting elements adopt the polarization of incident light direction to be revolved and turn 90 degrees the reflecting element that reflects back, disturb with the polarization of eliminating in the light path.

11. method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, described step 3) comprises that also described two bundles that return are measured reflected light to cross to produce and carry out polarization beam splitting again after interfering, after being divided into the mutually orthogonal polarized light of two-beam polarization state, entering into two photo-detectors respectively and produce the corresponding signal of telecommunication.

12. method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, also comprises in the described step 7) by gathering polarization state change information in the light path, analyzes the sample internal structure and carries out tomography.

13. a full-optical fiber optical coherence tomography device is characterized in that, this device comprises:

A measurement light source is used for shining sample, produces the measuring light signal that has sample information;

Optical devices with three ports, wherein first port is used for accepting measuring light that described light source sends and exports from second port;

A polarizer is connected between the outfan and described Optical devices first port with three ports of described measurement light source;

A light penetrating device that has certain reflection function, be connected described Optical devices second port, be used for the measuring light of this three ports Optical devices, second port of transmission output and second port of these three ports Optical devices of the direct reflected back of a part of measuring light with three ports;

A photo measure probe, be arranged on the printing opacity road of this light penetrating device, the light that described second port with Optical devices of three ports that is used to receive is exported, and be transmitted on the sample, receive simultaneously behind second port that the reflected light carry sample information turns back to the Optical devices with three ports from its 3rd port output;

Optical devices with four ports, this first port with Optical devices of four ports receives the light from the 3rd port output of described Optical devices with three ports, and this light is divided into two-way has the 3rd, the 4th port output of the Optical devices of four ports from this;

A controlled quick optical delay devices, one terminate on the light path of the 3rd port output of described Optical devices with four ports, are used for regulating the light path in this light path;

Second reflecting mirror, be connected on the light path of the 4th port output of described Optical devices with four ports, be used for the output luminous reflectance from the 4th port of described Optical devices with four ports returned and describedly have the Optical devices of four ports and from described second port output with Optical devices of four ports;

First photodetector is connected on the light path of second port output of described Optical devices with four ports, and the light intensity that is used for measuring this light path output light changes, and changes into corresponding signal of telecommunication output;

The circuit kit system is used for handling the signal of telecommunication of photodetector, and controls each the device operation of described full-optical fiber optical coherence tomography device, output measurement result.

14., it is characterized in that described Circuits System comprises a signal acquisition circuit as device as described in the claim 13, be connected the outfan of first photodetector, be used for signal of telecommunication processing and amplifying that first photodetector is sent and convert digital signal to.

15. as device as described in the claim 13, it is characterized in that, described Circuits System comprises a central control circuit and a signal acquisition circuit, described central control circuit is connected the outfan of signal acquisition circuit, be used for handling the detectable signal that receives, connect to described measurement light source, controlled quick optical delay devices, photo measure probe by circuit simultaneously and send control instruction;

A power supply is measurement light source, signal acquisition circuit, controlled quick optical delay devices, photo measure probe and central control circuit power supply.

16., it is characterized in that as device as described in the claim 15, also comprise a display, be connected the central control circuit outfan.

17. as device as described in the claim 13, it is characterized in that, comprise that also a controllable light attenuator is connected between described Optical devices the 3rd port and described controlled quick optical delay devices with four ports, perhaps be connected between described Optical devices the 4th port and described second reflecting mirror with four ports.

18. as device as described in the claim 13, it is characterized in that, comprise that also an optoisolator is connected between described Optical devices the 3rd port with three ports and described Optical devices first port with four ports.

19., it is characterized in that as device as described in the claim 13, also comprise a controllable light delayer, be connected described second reflecting mirror and have between Optical devices the 4th port of four ports.

20. as device as described in the claim 14, it is characterized in that, comprise that also one is used for the light that described second end with Optical devices of four ports is exported is divided into polarization state orthogonal two-way polarisation of light beam splitter and second photodetector, this polarization beam apparatus input is connected described second port with Optical devices of four ports, and printing opacity outfan of this polarization beam apparatus is connected with first photodetector; A reflected light outfan of this polarization beam apparatus is connected with second photodetector; Described signal acquisition circuit be connected simultaneously first, the outfan of second photodetector.

21., it is characterized in that described first reflecting mirror and second reflecting mirror adopt faraday's reflecting mirror as device as described in the claim 13.

22., it is characterized in that as device as described in the claim 13, also comprise one with reference to light source be connected this with reference to first wavelength division multiplexer on the light source output light path, be used for a branch of using with reference to recovery measured in the light path; Another light input end of this first wavelength division multiplexer links to each other with described the 3rd port with Optical devices of three ports, and the optical output port of this first wavelength division multiplexer links to each other with described first port with Optical devices of four ports.

23. as device as described in the claim 22, it is characterized in that, also comprise another second wavelength division multiplexer and second photodetector; Two outfans of this second wavelength division multiplexer link to each other with the input of described first photodetector and second photodetector respectively, the input of this second wavelength division multiplexer links to each other with described Optical devices second port with four ports, and the outfan of this second photodetector links to each other with described Circuits System.

24., it is characterized in that as device as described in the claim 22, comprise that also an optoisolator is connected on first port of described Optical devices with four ports, be used for stoping during two bundle reflected light retroeflection are divided into light path before the two-way to measuring light.

25., it is characterized in that as device as described in the claim 22, also comprise a controllable light delayer, be connected second light path between second reflecting mirror and described Optical devices the 4th port with four ports, in order to regulate the light path in this light path.

26., it is characterized in that as device as described in the claim 22, comprise that also a display is connected described Circuits System back, be used for showing the tomographic image that produces through the Circuits System computing.

27. as device as described in the claim 22, it is characterized in that, comprise that also a controllable light attenuator is connected between described Optical devices the 3rd port and controlled quick optical delay devices with four ports, perhaps be connected between described Optical devices the 4th port with four ports and second reflecting mirror.

28., it is characterized in that described first reflecting mirror and second reflecting mirror adopt faraday's reflecting mirror as device as described in the claim 22.

29. as device as described in the claim 22, it is characterized in that, comprise that also the measuring light that described second port with Optical devices of four ports is exported is divided into a polarization beam apparatus and the 3rd photodetector of the orthogonal two-way light of polarization state, described polarization beam apparatus input is connected described second output port with Optical devices of four ports, and a printing opacity outfan of polarization beam apparatus is connected with first photodetector; The another one reflected light outfan of polarization beam apparatus is connected with the 3rd photodetector; The outfan of described first and the 3rd photodetector is connected on the described Circuits System simultaneously.

30. as device as described in the claim 22, it is characterized in that, comprise that also the light with first outfan of described first wavelength division multiplexer output measuring light is divided into a polarization beam apparatus and the 3rd photodetector of the orthogonal two-way light of polarization state, described polarization beam apparatus input is connected first output port of described first wavelength division multiplexer, and a printing opacity outfan of polarization beam apparatus is connected with first photodetector; The another one reflected light outfan of polarization beam apparatus is connected with the 3rd photodetector; The outfan of described first and the 3rd photodetector is connected on the described Circuits System simultaneously.

31. as device as described in the claim 22, it is characterized in that described each optical component connects by optical fiber, component connects by lead.