CN102628961A - Special digital seismograph used for measuring underground microquake - Google Patents
Special digital seismograph used for measuring underground microquake Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a novel digital seismograph used for underground microquake detection. By using the novel digital seismograph, a problem that the recording time of the current seismograph is not long enough can be solved. The novel digital seismograph is used to detect a seismic wave generated during fracturing in a well. An observation system takes a mouth of a well as a center of a circle, is formed by a plurality of concentric circles and forms a cyclic structure. A hardware portion is formed by six units, such as a central control operation system (CCOS), a root unit (RU), cross units (XU), power units (PU), an acquisition string (AS), a fiber line (FL) and the like. The RU is connected with the CCOS through a gigabit network cable and provides 1-2 gigabit optical cable interfaces according to a requirement of an apparatus capacity so as to be connected with the XUs. The XUs, which possess two optical cable interfaces, can be connected in series through the FL and be connected with the RU. Simultaneously, the XUs possesses two special communication interfaces which connect an acquisition line (AL) formed by the AS and the PU that are connected in series. All the acquisition data are transmitted and recorded in real time. The seismograph possesses extremely long data acquisition and recording abilities and can collect continuously for several days, several weeks or even several months.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of digital seismograph, particularly relate to the special digital seismograph of microseism under a kind of measuring well.
Technical background
The high accuracy number seismograph is to be used for writing down manual work or earthquake signal; Seek the exploration instrument for geology of oil, gas, coal and other mineral resources then according to the record of these seismic signals, and can be used for surveying earth ' s internal structure, carry out engineering and geological hazards prediction etc.
Method of seismic exploration remains the main means at land and seafari oil and natural gas at present; Also be the important method of exploration of other mineral resources simultaneously, and be widely used in studying earth ' s internal structure, engineering exploration and detection, geological hazards prediction or the like aspect.Its basic skills is on the ground of exploration target area, to bury to put thousands of and even up to ten thousand seismic event sensors (being seismoreceiver), excites artificial earthquake with explosive or vibroseis then.Seismic event is propagated to deep under ground; The interphase that runs into the heterogeneity stratum will produce reflection; Seismoreceiver picks up reflection wave and converts thereof into analog electrical signal, converts these analog electrical signals to digital signal record by high-precision digital seismograph then and gets off.The mass data that ground observation receives is carried out complicated signal Processing and Inversion Calculation through indoor high-speed computer, just can obtain clear reliable underground structure image, finally confirms the position and the degree of depth of mineral resources.
The instrument that uses in the oil and gas prospect industry at present greatly partly is the wire-link telemetry seismograph of producing from by countries such as the France and the U.S..The seismographic characteristic of wire-link telemetry is to be sent instruction and transmitted image data by wired system fully.In present open-air practical application, occupy leading position; Occupy most shares in seismograph market, the world, the Uni Q system of 408/428 series that Sercel company is arranged commonly used, the Scorpion of ION company and Aries system and U.S. WesternGeco company etc.
Seismic acquisition configuration can be divided into the transmission of picking up (seismoreceiver), seismic signal of seismic signal, the record and storage three parts of seismic signal.Main 24 telemetric seismic instruments can be divided three classes both at home and abroad: wire-link telemetry seismograph, wireless telemetering seismograph, memory-type data recovery remote control seismograph.In these three types of telemetric seismic instruments, the wire-link telemetry seismograph is still occupied an leading position, and occupies most shares of world market.
France Sercel company is the holding specialized company that is engaged in the seismic instrument development of CGG, has the seismic instrument manufacturing experience of five more than ten years.Typical land seismic instrument has: SN338, SN368, SN388 and present widely used 400 series.408U is the network seismograph that Sercel company the nineties is pushed exploration market latter stage to, adopts acquisition link version that acquisition station and cable are become one.The 408UL system has taken the lead in introducing the notion of Seismic Areal Network, and its core concept is to be incorporated into computer network node notion in the telseis instrument system, thus with the distance apparatus system as a computer network.Host record system, LAUL, LAUX are as network node, and coupled system software is accomplished control and management.The big line data transmission rate of 408UL is 8.192MHz, and the cross spider data transmission rate is 16.384MHz, big line real-time Transmission 1000 roads under the 2ms sampling rate, cross spider real-time Transmission 2000 roads.Compare with 408UL; Host computer system and the data transmission structure of 428XL have significant improvement, and main machine structure adopts the server/client pattern, and its big line data transmission rate is 16.384MHz; Single line road ability has reached 2000 roads/2ms, and three-dimensional road ability in real time is 10000 roads/2ms.
American I N company also is geophysics equipment manufacturers such as internationally recognizable seismic instrument, vibroseis, seismoreceiver, excitaton source synchro system.Last century, the eighties began to set foot in the seismic instrument manufacturing, and system-I and the system-II instrument released at that time receive praises from customers.ION company pays much attention to the advanced research of product, takes the lead in releasing 24 A/D seismic instruments in recent years, and Vectorseis digital geophone (MEMS) makes the revolutionary progress of twice generation of seismic instrument.The land seismic instrument that ION company produces mainly comprises Scorpion and Aries system.In 2010, the land instrument part of ION company merges with east geophysics company of CNPC (BGP) set up a tame INOVA of new company.
When seismic prospecting; In order to obtain systematically to follow the trail of the seismologic record of zone of interest significant wave; Must suitably arrange the mutual alignment with selective excitation point and acceptance point in the open air during data collection, the position relation is called recording geometry between this description shot point and the acceptance point and between arranging and arranging.
It is a kind of more special recording geometry that the seismic event of down-hole microseismic detection is gathered recording geometry, the microseism that its excitaton source breaks and produces during for reservoir fracturing, be distributed in well around, have randomness.And energy a little less than, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is very low.The observing system that adopts at present is radial, is the center with the well head, is radial by some surveys line and stretches out.Its advantage is to lay simply, realizes that easily shortcoming is that decentering point is far away more, and circular arc direction spacing is big more, can not form 3-D view.
Up to the present, also do not have the seismograph of special-purpose down-hole microseismic detection in the world, all adopt conventional seismograph to carry out the down-hole microseismic detection, but exist the record duration not enough, problem such as time precision is not enough.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defective of prior art, and the special digital seismograph of microseism under a kind of measuring well is provided.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose; The seismic event that the new digital seismograph that the present invention is used for the down-hole microseismic detection produces when being used to detect the well pressure break, its recording geometry is to be the center of circle with the well head, is made up of a plurality of concentric circless; Form cyclic structure; The reception that is provided with on each circumference is counted can be different, generally increase along with the increase of circumference, are evenly distributed to keep acceptance point;
Its hardware components is made up of the central control operation CCOS of system (Central Control Operation System), root node RU (Root Unit), crossover node XU (Cross Unit), power supply node PU (Power Unit), acquisition link AS (Acquisition String) and optical cable FL six big units such as (Fiber Line); Control center and data collection centre that the said central control operation CCOS of system is a whole instrument realize functions such as man-machine interaction, arrangement are controlled, gathered synchronously, data recovery, quality control; Said root node RU is connected with the central control operation CCOS of system through the gigabit netting twine, and provides 1-2 gigabit optical cable interface to be connected with crossover node XU according to the requirement of instrument capacity; Said crossover node XU has 2 optical cable interfaces, can be connected in series through optical cable FL, and be connected with root node RU; Crossover node XU has 2 private communication interfaces simultaneously, connects to be connected in series the collection line AL (Acquisition Line) that forms arbitrarily by acquisition link AS and power supply node PU.
The characteristics of digital seismograph of the present invention are the characteristics that taken into full account the cyclic structure recording geometry; Be a kind of special digital seismograph that detects the down-hole microseism; And data acquisition and registering capacity with overlength, just all image data all transmit and record in real time.
As optimization, all image data all transmit and record in real time, thus have the data acquisition and the registering capacity of overlength, can continuous acquisition several days, a few week even some months.
As optimization, said recording geometry: 1. form, form cyclic structure by a plurality of concentric circless, i concentrically ringed radius be Ri (i=1,2 ..., max), minimum radius of a circle is R1, maximum radius of a circle is Rmax; 2. the radial direction spacing of adjacent sink (abbreviation span) DRi=R (i+1)-Ri; 3. the arc length spacing of adjacent reception point circumference direction (abbreviation arc distance) is DLi, and DLmin≤DLi≤DLmax is arranged, and wherein shortest arc is long is DLmin, and long arc is long to be DLmax.4. lay Mi acceptance point and evenly distribution on i circumference, and Mi=N * 2
m(N=3,4,5,6,7,8, M=0,1,2,3 ...), the acceptance point of promptly laying on each circumference is 2 multiples of inner ring (inner ring except).
As optimization; The said central control operation CCOS of system places on the instrument truck; Be the main logic unit of whole digital seismograph, hardware components is made up of computer server Server, network switch Switch, client computer terminal PC, memory device Storage device, plotting equipment Plotting equipment and GPS etc.; Software is made up of operating system software and control operation software etc.; GPS returns the instrument time service except that location coordinate information is provided, guarantee the time accuracy of non-volatile recording.Said network switch Switch links to each other with memory device Storage device, plotting equipment Plotting equipment and a plurality of client computer terminal PC arranged side by side; Network switch Switch connects computer server Server again, and computer server Server outwards connects root node RU.
As optimization, said root node RU is made up of high speed Switching Module SM (Switch module), control module CM (Control module) and power module PM (Power Module) etc.; High speed Switching Module SM (Switch module) provide data exchanging function; Control module CM realizes the control to high speed Switching Module SM according to the instruction of the central control operation CCOS of system; Power module PM provides the power supply support for each module.
As optimization, said crossover node XU is made up of high speed Switching Module SM, control module CM, power module PM and GPS module etc.; Data exchange module SM is the gigabit switch module, and the gigabit interface connects upper level crossover node XU and next stage crossover node XU respectively; Control module CM has the acquisition link AS that 2 private communication interfaces connect both sides respectively.High speed Switching Module SM (Switch module) provide data exchanging function; Control module CM realizes the control to high speed Switching Module SM according to the instruction of the central control operation CCOS of system; Power module PM provides the power supply support for each module.The GPS module is removed provides location coordinate information etc.
As optimization, said power supply node PU is made up of control module CM, power module PM and GPS module etc.; Control module CM has 2 private communication interfaces and connects upper level and next stage acquisition link AS respectively.Control module CM realizes control according to the instruction of the central control operation CCOS of system; Power module PM provides the power supply support for each module.The GPS module provides location coordinate information etc.
As optimization, said collection line AL can be connected in series arbitrarily by power supply node PU and acquisition link AS, acquisition link AS and acquisition link AS and form; The power supply node PU that gathers on the line AL provides power supply to supply with for the acquisition station AU on both sides, and the power supply capacity of power supply node PU has been confirmed the maximum acquisition station numbers between two power supply node PU.In native system, power supply node PU rises to 72V to the 12V voltage of power supply storage battery acquisition station is supplied power.Because line loss, the power supply voltage range of acquisition station is at 24～72V.
As optimization, described acquisition link AS is formed by connecting through cable several (being generally 4,6 or 8) acquisition station AU (Acquisition Unit), and acquisition station AU gathers the signal of digital geophone, and communicates with data through the private communication interface and to transmit.
As optimization, said acquisition station AU is made up of control module CM, power module PM and GPS module etc.; Control module CM has 2 private communication interfaces and connects upper level and next stage acquisition station AU respectively, has a special purpose interface and connects sensors such as conventional wave detector or MEMS; Power supply adopts " ghost to " mode far to supply by power supply node PU through communication interface; Power module PM converts the 72V that is supplied (owing to the line loss supply voltage can reduce along with the distance of power supply, the minimum supply voltage of acquisition station is set at 24V) to acquisition station AU required various voltages.Control module CM realizes control according to the instruction of the central control operation CCOS of system; Power module PM provides the power supply support for each module.The GPS module provides location coordinate information etc.
After adopting technique scheme, the present invention has taken into full account the characteristics of cyclic structure recording geometry, has the data acquisition and the registering capacity of overlength, can continuous acquisition several days, a few week even some months, and just all image data all transmit and record in real time.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the special-purpose seismograph theory diagram of down-hole of the present invention microseismic detection;
Fig. 2 is that the seismic event of down-hole microseismic detection is gathered the recording geometry synoptic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the special-purpose seismographic central control operation CCOS of the system theory diagram of down-hole of the present invention microseismic detection;
Fig. 4 is the special-purpose seismographic root node RU theory diagram of down-hole of the present invention microseismic detection;
Fig. 5 is the special-purpose seismographic crossover node XU theory diagram of down-hole of the present invention microseismic detection;
Fig. 6 is the special-purpose seismographic power supply node PU theory diagram of down-hole of the present invention microseismic detection;
Fig. 7 is the special-purpose seismographic acquisition station AU theory diagram of down-hole of the present invention microseismic detection;
Fig. 8 is the special-purpose seismographic a kind of laying scheme synoptic diagram of down-hole of the present invention microseismic detection.
Embodiment
The present invention is used for the new digital seismograph of down-hole microseismic detection; The seismic event that produces when being used for detecting the well pressure break, its recording geometry are to be the center of circle with the well head, are made up of a plurality of concentric circless; Form cyclic structure; The reception that is provided with on each circumference is counted can be different, generally increase along with the increase of circumference, are evenly distributed to keep acceptance point.
Apparatus of the present invention special digital seismograph hardware components (see figure 1) is made up of the central control operation CCOS of system (Central Control Operation System), root node RU (Root Unit), crossover node XU (Cross Unit), power supply node PU (Power Unit), acquisition link AS (Acquisition String) and optical cable FL six big units such as (Fiber Line).The characteristics of digital seismograph of the present invention are the characteristics that taken into full account the cyclic structure recording geometry; Be a kind of special digital seismograph; All image data all transmit and record in real time, and data acquisition and registering capacity with overlength can continuous acquisition several days, a few week even some months.
Control center and data collection centre that the seismographic central control operation CCOS of the system (see figure 3) of apparatus of the present invention special digital is a whole instrument realize functions such as man-machine interaction, arrangement are controlled, gathered synchronously, data recovery, quality control.The control operation CCOS of system of central authorities generally places on the instrument truck; Be the main logic unit of whole digital seismograph, hardware components is made up of computer server Server, network switch Switch, client computer terminal PC, memory device Storage device, plotting equipment Plotting equipment and GPS etc.GPS is except that providing location coordinate information, and in apparatus of the present invention, also having a vital role is to the instrument time service, guarantees the time accuracy of non-volatile recording.Software is made up of operating system software and control operation software etc.The control operation CCOS of system of central authorities is connected with root node RU through the gigabit netting twine.
The seismographic root node RU of apparatus of the present invention special digital (see figure 4) is connected with the central control operation CCOS of system through the gigabit netting twine, and provides 1-2 gigabit optical cable interface to be connected with crossover node XU according to the requirement of instrument capacity.Root node RU is made up of high speed Switching Module SM (Switch module), control module CM (Control module) and power module PM (Power Module) etc.High speed Switching Module SM (Switch module) provide data exchanging function; Control module CM realizes the control to high speed Switching Module SM according to the instruction of the central control operation CCOS of system; Power module PM provides the power supply support for each module.
The seismographic crossover node XU of apparatus of the present invention special digital can be connected in series through optical cable FL, and is connected with root node RU; Crossover node XU has 2 private communication interfaces simultaneously, connects to be connected in series the collection line AL ((Acquisition Line) that forms arbitrarily by acquisition link AS and power supply node PU.
The seismographic crossover node XU of apparatus of the present invention special digital (see figure 5) is made up of high speed Switching Module SM, control module CM, power module PM and GPS module etc.Data exchange module SM is the gigabit switch module, and the gigabit interface connects upper level crossover node XU and next stage crossover node XU respectively.Control module CM has the acquisition link AS that 2 private communication interfaces connect both sides respectively.
The seismographic power supply node PU of apparatus of the present invention special digital (see figure 6) is made up of control module CM, power module PM and GPS module etc.Control module CM has 2 private communication interfaces and connects upper level and next stage acquisition link AS respectively.
The seismographic collection line of apparatus of the present invention special digital AL can be connected in series arbitrarily by power supply node PU and acquisition link AS, acquisition link AS and acquisition link AS and form.The power supply node PU that gathers on the line AL provides power supply to supply with for the acquisition station AU on both sides, and the power supply capacity of power supply node PU has been confirmed the maximum acquisition station numbers between two power supply node PU.In native system, power supply node PU rises to 72V to the 12V voltage of power supply storage battery acquisition station is supplied power.Because line loss, the power supply voltage range of acquisition station is at 24-72V.
The seismographic acquisition link AS of apparatus of the present invention special digital is formed by connecting through cable several (being generally 4,6 or 8) acquisition station AU (Acquisition Unit); Acquisition station AU gathers the signal of digital geophone, and communicates with data through the private communication interface and to transmit.
The seismographic acquisition station AU of apparatus of the present invention special digital (see figure 7) is made up of control module CM, power module PM and GPS module etc.Control module CM has 2 private communication interfaces and connects upper level and next stage acquisition station AU respectively, has a special purpose interface and connects sensors such as conventional wave detector or MEMS.Power supply adopts " ghost to " mode far to supply by power supply node PU through communication interface; Power module PM converts the 72V that is supplied (owing to the line loss supply voltage can reduce along with the distance of power supply, the minimum supply voltage of acquisition station is set at 24V) to acquisition station AU required various voltages.
The seismic event that apparatus of the present invention special digital seismograph adopts is gathered the recording geometry (see figure 2): 1. be made up of a plurality of concentric circless, form cyclic structure, i concentrically ringed radius is Ri (i=1; 2 ..., max); Minimum radius of a circle is R1, and maximum radius of a circle is Rmax; 2. the radial direction spacing of acceptance point (abbreviation span) is DRi; 3. the arc length spacing of acceptance point circumferencial direction (abbreviation arc distance) is DLi, and DLmin≤DLi≤DLmax is arranged.4. lay Mi acceptance point and evenly distribution on i circumference, and Mi=N * 2
m(N=3,4,5,6,7,8, M=0,1,2,3 ...).According to this recording geometry, we provide following recording geometry instance, and provide 2 kinds of laying schemes, see Fig. 1 and Fig. 8 respectively.The laying scheme of Fig. 8 has been considered the short situation of nearly well head circumference circle religion, adopts round about manner, makes that laying is succinct relatively and uses less crossover node XU.
The recording geometry instance:
If: R1=50m; Rmax=2000m; DR=25m; DLmin=20m; DLmax=40m.
Then have:
1. recording geometry is made up of 79 concentric circless, and smallest circle radius R 1 is 50m, and greatest circle radius R max is 2000m, and the smallest circle girth is 314m, and the greatest circle girth is 12560m,
2. the radial direction spacing of acceptance point (abbreviation span) DR is 25m;
3. the spacing of acceptance point circumferencial direction (abbreviation arc distance) is DLi, and 20m≤DLi≤40m is arranged
4. evenly lay 8 acceptance points on the 1st circumference, evenly lay 16 acceptance points on the 2nd～3 circumference; Evenly lay 32 acceptance points on the 4th～7 circumference; Evenly lay 64 acceptance points on the 8th～15 circumference; Evenly lay 128 acceptance points on the 16th～31 circumference; Evenly lay 256 acceptance points on the 32nd～64 circumference; Evenly lay 512 acceptance points on the 65th～79 circumference.
5. whole recording geometry is laid with 18856 acceptance points.
Laying situation on each concentric circles is seen table 1.
Table 1: recording geometry parameter list
Claims (10)
1. new digital seismograph that is used for the down-hole microseismic detection; The seismic event that produces when it is characterized in that being used for detecting the well pressure break, its recording geometry are to be the center of circle with the well head, are made up of a plurality of concentric circless; Form cyclic structure; The reception that is provided with on each circumference is counted can be different, generally increase along with the increase of circumference, are evenly distributed to keep acceptance point;
Its hardware components is made up of six big units such as the central control operation CCOS of system, root node RU, crossover node XU (Cross Unit), power supply node PU, acquisition link AS and optical cable FL; Control center and data collection centre that the said central control operation CCOS of system is a whole instrument realize functions such as man-machine interaction, arrangement are controlled, gathered synchronously, data recovery, quality control; Said root node RU is connected with the central control operation CCOS of system through the gigabit netting twine, and provides 1-2 gigabit optical cable interface to be connected with crossover node XU according to the requirement of instrument capacity; Said crossover node XU has 2 optical cable interfaces, can be connected in series through optical cable FL, and be connected with root node RU; Crossover node XU has 2 private communication interfaces simultaneously, connects to be connected in series the collection line AL that forms arbitrarily by acquisition link AS and power supply node PU.
2. according to the said seismograph of claim 1, it is characterized in that all image data all transmit and record in real time, data acquisition and registering capacity with overlength can continuous acquisition several days, a few week even some months.
3. according to the said seismograph of claim 1, it is characterized in that said recording geometry: 1. be made up of a plurality of concentric circless, form cyclic structure, i concentrically ringed radius is Ri, i=1, and 2 ..., max, minimum radius of a circle are R1, maximum radius of a circle is Rmax; 2. the radial direction spacing of adjacent sink is called for short span DRi=R (i+1)-Ri; 3. to be called for short arc distance be DLi to the arc length spacing of adjacent reception point circumference direction, and DLmin≤DLi≤DLmax is arranged, and wherein shortest arc is long is DLmin, and long arc is long to be DLmax; 4. lay Mi acceptance point and evenly distribution on i circumference, and Mi=N * 2m, N=3,4,5,6,7,8, M=0,1,2,3 ..., the acceptance point of promptly laying on each circumference is 2 multiples of inner ring, except the inner ring.
4. according to the said seismograph of claim 1; It is characterized in that the said central control operation CCOS of system places on the instrument truck; Be the main logic unit of whole digital seismograph, hardware components is made up of computer server Server, network switch Switch, client computer terminal PC, memory device Storage device, plotting equipment Plotting equipment and GPS etc.; Software is made up of operating system software and control operation software etc.; GPS returns the instrument time service except that location coordinate information is provided.
5. according to the said seismograph of claim 1, it is characterized in that said root node RU is made up of high speed Switching Module SM, control module CM and power module PM etc.; The high speed Switching Module SM provide data exchanging function; Control module CM realizes the control to high speed Switching Module SM according to the instruction of the central control operation CCOS of system; Power module PM provides the power supply support for each module.
6. according to the said seismograph of claim 1, it is characterized in that said crossover node XU is made up of high speed Switching Module SM, control module CM, power module PM and GPS module etc.; Data exchange module SM is the gigabit switch module, and the gigabit interface connects upper level crossover node XU and next stage crossover node XU respectively; Control module CM has the acquisition link AS that 2 private communication interfaces connect both sides respectively.
7. according to the said seismograph of claim 1, it is characterized in that said power supply node PU is made up of control module CM, power module PM and GPS module etc.; Control module CM has 2 private communication interfaces and connects upper level and next stage acquisition link AS respectively.
8. according to the said seismograph of claim 1, it is characterized in that said collection line AL can be connected in series arbitrarily by power supply node PU and acquisition link AS, acquisition link AS and acquisition link AS to form; The power supply node PU that gathers on the line AL provides power supply to supply with for the acquisition station AU on both sides, and the power supply capacity of power supply node PU has been confirmed the maximum acquisition station numbers between two power supply node PU.
9. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 7 or 8 said seismographs; It is characterized in that described acquisition link AS is formed by connecting through cable several acquisition stations AU; Acquisition station AU gathers the signal of digital geophone, and communicates with data through the private communication interface and to transmit.
10. according to the said seismograph of claim 9, it is characterized in that said acquisition station AU is made up of control module CM, power module PM and GPS module etc.; Control module CM has 2 private communication interfaces and connects upper level and next stage acquisition station AU respectively, has a special purpose interface and connects sensors such as conventional wave detector or MEMS; Power supply adopts " ghost to " mode far to supply by power supply node PU through communication interface, and power module PM converts the 72V that is supplied to acquisition station AU required various voltages.
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| CN201110445737.0A CN102628961B (en) | 2011-12-28 | 2011-12-28 | Special digital seismograph used for measuring underground microquake |
| PCT/CN2012/001476 WO2013063866A1 (en) | 2011-11-02 | 2012-10-31 | Specialized digital seismometer measuring microtremors in wells |
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