CN102509170A - Location prediction system and method based on historical track data mining - Google Patents
Location prediction system and method based on historical track data mining Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of data mining, in particular to a location prediction system and a method based on historical track data mining. In the method, the location prediction problem is decomposed into two sub-problems of offline track mining and online mode matching, wherein the offline track mining mainly adopts the data mining technology to process and analyze the historical track data of a user; and the online mode matching is mainly based on the online motion conditions of the user and the mined motion mode to perform matching and searching. According to the invention, various needs based on the location-based services (such as location-based advertisement, recommendation, reminding and other services) are effectively met, and the problems of the prior art are solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the data mining technology field, be specifically related to a kind of position prediction system and method based on the historical track data mining.
Background technology
The position prediction technology can be location based services (LBS, location-based service) and provides support, like intelligent navigation, advertisement putting, service reservation, place prompting etc.Position prediction to the user mainly concentrates under mobile network or the wireless network environment at present; User's motion conditions in all kinds of radiobeacon (like mobile base station, WiFi node, the RFID node etc.) scope in environment is analyzed; Obtain the user movement rule, and then carry out position prediction.For based on the position prediction of mobile base station technology, the mobile base station bearing accuracy is lower, the location-based service requirement of the exact position that is difficult to satisfy the demand; For based on the position prediction of radio node technology, need in environment, dispose a large amount of radio nodes, and the position of radio node or be unknown, or need carry out a large amount of positions marks work.
At present to the reckoning of user's short-term exact position and prediction mainly based on the combination of GPS+ dead reckoning.Calculate the position when yet these class methods are generally used for the GPS inefficacy; Can only predict the position of user in the short time; The GPS out-of-service time is in a single day long, and then forecasting efficiency reduces greatly, and this method needs hardware devices such as high-precision gyroscope, acceleration transducer, angular-rate sensor; Cost is higher, is difficult on mobile devices such as mobile phone, promote.
Summary of the invention
The present invention overcomes above-mentioned weak point; Purpose is to provide a kind of position prediction system based on the historical track data mining; This system may operate on the mobile device; For Location-Based Services provides user's destination and following routing information, effectively satisfy the demand of all kinds of Location-Based Services (like services such as location-based advertisement, recommendation, promptings), solved the problem that exists in the prior art.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of position predicting method that excavates based on track; This method is excavated the position prediction PROBLEM DECOMPOSITION and two subproblems of line model coupling for the off-line track; The off-line track excavates the main data mining technology of using user's historical track data is handled and analyzed; The line model coupling is mainly mated based on online motion conditions of user and the motor pattern of excavating and is searched; Effectively satisfy the demand of all kinds of Location-Based Services (like services such as location-based advertisement, recommendation, promptings), solved the problem that exists in the prior art.
The present invention achieves the above object through following technical scheme: a kind of position prediction system based on the historical track data mining; Comprise mobile client and server end, client is installed on the mobile device, comprises collection of GPS track data and pre-processing module; Motor pattern excavates preparation module; Online position prediction module, four modules of client communication module, the GPS track data is gathered and pre-processing module is responsible for gathering the GPS location point with certain SF; Be recorded as the GPS track data, and track data is cleaned and cuts apart pre-service; Motor pattern excavates preparation module and is responsible for candidate's Origin And Destination is extracted; Then track data being carried out abstract handles; Send Origin And Destination and abstract path data to server end through the client communication module at last, and call its motor pattern mining algorithm; Online position prediction module is responsible for the user movement pattern through excavating that server end returns is carried out modeling, and structural model is set, and real-time estimate is carried out in user's destination and following path; The client communication module is responsible for communicating with server end; Server end comprises that motor pattern excavates module and server end communication module; Motor pattern excavates module and is responsible for according to the time series mining algorithm path abstract data of client upload being excavated, and obtains the motor pattern collection of organizing according to starting point and endpoint data; The server end communication module is responsible for communicating with the client communication module, accepts the path abstract data of client, sends it to motor pattern and excavates module, and will excavate the result and return to client.
As preferably, the client and server end communicates through GPRS.
A kind of position predicting method based on the historical track data mining may further comprise the steps:
1) on user's mobile device, settles gps receiver, gather the GPS location point, be recorded as the GPS track data, and protect to preserve with certain SF;
2) the GPS track data is cleaned, the location point continuous to the time carries out cluster according to its speed, incorporates speed into same cluster less than the continuous position point of threshold value, and filters wherein irrational location point data;
3) according to cutting apart at interval the writing time of continuous position point, if then track is divided into two paths greater than threshold value at interval the writing time of continuous two location points;
4) to every paths along the time shaft forward with oppositely respectively location point is carried out clustering processing; Time is continuous and location point close together is incorporated same cluster into; The forward direction cluster of finding out the path and back are to cluster; Then forward direction cluster set and the cluster of back in cluster set are mated, cluster centre point distance then merges it less than threshold value becomes candidate's beginning or end;
5) appointed area is divided into the square net that the length of side equates, location point is replaced by the grid that comprises it, and the path is converted into the grid sequence data, then track data is carried out abstract and handle;
6) send Origin And Destination and abstract path data to server end through the client communication module and send the abstract path data to server; And call its motor pattern mining algorithm the user path abstract data that receives is excavated; Obtain the motor pattern collection organized to terminal according to starting point, and its form that is organized into file is returned;
7) utilization PrefixSpan sequential mode mining algorithm carries out modeling to motor pattern, the structural model tree, and scheme-tree comprises all motor patterns and adopts the probability of different starting points and terminal point;
8) based on user movement pattern of excavating and online exercise data thereof, through carrying out matched and searched in the scheme-tree, obtain lookup result, its destination and following path are predicted.
As preferably, the described gps receiver of step 1) is built-in GPS module of mobile device or the external GPS module that connects through bluetooth.
As preferably, step 1), step 2) and step 3) can synchronous processing.
As preferably, the described server end of step 6) receives only Origin And Destination and the abstract path data that do not comprise any particular geographic location information.
As preferably, step 7) is described scheme-tree result be retained in the Installed System Memory.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1) obtains its characteristics of motion through analysis, and carry out online position prediction, need not additional hardware equipment, not influenced by the environmental basis facility based on this to the historical GPS track data of user;
2) associated prediction is carried out in user's destination and following path, and the following path of user is predicted continuously, avoided the short shortcoming of path prediction length by destination information;
3) to the user movement rule, introduce motor pattern element continuity notion, expansion PrefixSpan algorithm is used for the motor pattern of digging user, is guaranteeing to have improved the length of motor pattern under the true and reliable prerequisite of motor pattern;
4) through motor pattern is set up suffix tree; In the branch of all motor patterns and suffix mode index to a shared prefix thereof; Make the follow-up mode coupling need not to adopt searching algorithm to search the coupling starting point, improved the speed of pattern match in the online position prediction.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is based on the position prediction system architecture synoptic diagram that track excavates;
Fig. 2 position prediction software general frame figure;
Fig. 3 motor pattern excavates prepares process flow diagram;
The online position prediction process flow diagram of Fig. 4;
Fig. 5 server process flow diagram.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is done further explanation:
Embodiment 1: based on the position prediction system that track excavates, structure is as shown in Figure 1, comprises mobile client and server end; Client is installed on the mobile device; Comprise collection of GPS track data and pre-processing module, motor pattern excavates preparation module, online position prediction module; Four modules of client communication module; The GPS track data is gathered with pre-processing module and is responsible for being recorded as the GPS track data with certain SF collection GPS location point, and track data is cleaned and cuts apart pre-service; Motor pattern excavates preparation module and is responsible for candidate's Origin And Destination is extracted; Then track data being carried out abstract handles; Send Origin And Destination and abstract path data to server end through the client communication module at last, and call its motor pattern mining algorithm; Online position prediction module is responsible for the user movement pattern through excavating that server end returns is carried out modeling, and structural model is set, and real-time estimate is carried out in user's destination and following path; The client communication module is responsible for communicating with server end; Server end comprises that motor pattern excavates module and server end communication module; Motor pattern excavates module and is responsible for according to the time series mining algorithm path abstract data of client upload being excavated, and obtains the motor pattern collection of organizing according to starting point and endpoint data; The server end communication module is responsible for communicating with the client communication module, accepts the path abstract data of client, sends it to motor pattern and excavates module, and will excavate the result and return to client; The client and server end communicates through GPRS.
The concrete steps that realize are following:
Use prerequisite: user's mobile device need possess GPS positioning function (needing internal or external gps receiver), and has collected a certain amount of GPS track data.
Step 1: track data pre-service.The track data preprocessing process comprises that track data cleans and two parts are cut apart in the path.Aspect the track data cleaning, because the location of GPS equipment is uncertain, the GPS track that collects comprises outlier.The location point continuous to the time carries out cluster according to its speed, with speed rationally the continuous position point of (speed is less than a certain threshold value) incorporate same cluster into, when detecting unreasonable speed, and current cluster comprises location point and filters out location point data wherein more at least.Aspect cutting apart in the path, according to cutting apart at interval the writing time of continuous position point, if then track is divided into two paths greater than certain threshold value at interval the writing time of continuous two location points.
Step 2: candidate's start point/end point is extracted.The place that starting point and terminal point often leave and go to for the user; Adopt a kind of time-based clustering algorithm of expansion; To every paths; Along the time shaft forward and oppositely respectively to location point carry out clustering processing (with the time continuously and the location point of close together incorporate same cluster into); And find out first cluster (forward direction cluster) and last cluster (back is to cluster) in path, and then forward direction cluster set and the cluster of back in cluster set being mated, cluster centre point becomes candidate's start point/end point apart from then merging it less than a certain threshold value.
Step 3: the path is abstract.Based on space-division method; At first the appointed area is divided into the square net that the length of side equates, location point is replaced by the grid that comprises it, and the user path is converted into grid sequence; Starting and terminal point situation according to the path of passing through each grid merges relevant grid with structure realm then; Make the path through the same area have similar starting point and terminal point, at last with the user path abstract be regional sequence, be called sequence zone time.
Step 4: motor pattern excavates.Motor pattern is used to describe place and the path of walking and both relations that the user often leaves and goes to.Based on PrefixSpan sequential mode mining algorithm; Introduce mode time continuity notion; Require the motor pattern element to satisfy time continuity constraint (because the motor pattern element is the zone of band timestamp, promptly the interval time of adjacent area is less than a certain threshold value), make that the motor pattern element satisfies temporal continuity on the one hand; Motor pattern can be tolerated the interference in the track data on the other hand, thereby excavates longer motor pattern.
5) step 5: online position prediction.Based on user movement pattern of excavating and online exercise data thereof, associated prediction is carried out in its destination and following path.At first based on a kind of data structure of scheme-tree motor pattern is carried out modeling, motor pattern carries out index through its prefix in tree, so that pattern is searched.Behind the online exercise data of given user (comprising starting point and the information such as regional sequence of visiting recently), the regional sequence of visiting recently with the user carries out matched and searched as prefix in scheme-tree.After obtaining lookup result (i.e. the motor pattern of coupling); At first based on user's starting point and the motor pattern that finds; The destination most possible according to the probability model predictive user is then based on customer objective ground and the motor pattern that finds, the following path most possible according to the probability model predictive user (being following moving region sequence); And be principle to approach the destination, predict the outcome and predict repeatedly through splicing following path to improve following path prediction length.
The present invention includes two parts program: client-side program and server end program.Client-side program is installed on the mobile device, mainly is divided into four modules: the GPS track data is gathered and pre-processing module, and motor pattern excavates preparation module, online position prediction module, and and server com-munication module; The server major function is that motor pattern excavates, and this is because mode excavation algorithm computation pressure is bigger on the one hand, is the protection privacy of user on the other hand, and server is only handled the user path (not comprising actual geography information) of abstract mistake.Client-side program and server end program communicate through GPRS, and its software general frame is as shown in Figure 2.
Client-side program:
Client is a direct user oriented part in the native system, and it operates on the mobile device fully, respectively each module is elaborated below:
(1) the GPS track data is gathered and pre-processing module:
This module is applicable to GPS module that mobile device is built-in or the external GPS module that connects through bluetooth, gathers the GPS location point with certain SF, is recorded as the GPS track data, and carries out persistence and handle (being recorded in the mobile phone SD card like the form with file).In addition, the cleaning that track data is carried out and pre-service work such as cut apart and can carry out simultaneously with the position data sampling is handled required time to save the later stage track data.
(2) motor pattern excavates preparation module:
It is as shown in Figure 3 that motor pattern excavates the preparation module workflow, and module comprises that candidate's start point/end point is extracted and the function of abstract two aspects, path.Motor pattern excavates preparation module and can be called by user's demonstration, also can after the user collects a certain amount of new track data, be called automatically by system.After calling this module with thread independently at running background; At first candidate's start point/end point of user is extracted; Track data to the user carries out the abstract processing then; Obtain sequence sets zone time,, and call its motor pattern mining algorithm at last through sending the abstract path data to server with server com-munication module.Motor pattern excavates preparation module and is responsible for the information to obtaining in the operational process, comprises that information such as candidate's start point/end point, set of regions, zone time sequence carries out persistence and handle, and the motor pattern that also server is returned carries out persistence to be handled.
(3) online position prediction module:
When online position prediction module begins one section new distance the user, move simultaneously on backstage and track data acquisition module with the form of a separate threads, and real-time estimate is carried out in user's destination and following path.Online position prediction module workflow is as shown in Figure 4:
1) be enabled in the line position prediction module, can at first carry out modeling the user movement pattern that is stored on the mobile device, the structural model tree, scheme-tree comprises all motor patterns and adopts the probability of different starting points and terminal point.Scheme-tree is configured in and only carries out once after this module starts, and the result is retained in the Installed System Memory, is convenient to use repeatedly after online exercise data upgrades.
2) may change at any time owing to the user movement behavior; Online position prediction algorithm is called (calling once as 5 minutes) repeatedly with certain interval; All can produce new online exercise data at every turn after being called, at this moment need in scheme-tree, to carry out again matched and searched.Because there is most important influence in the path of user's visit recently to its following motion, for reducing calculated amount, uses nearest several access region in the online exercise data to carry out matched and searched.
3) matched and searched can be returned some candidate's motor patterns, supports situation (being starting point and terminal point and the number of times of user when adopting this motor pattern) and user's origin information to predict its destination according to start point/end point in candidate's motor pattern.
4) according to the probability of going to this destination in the destination of predicting and the candidate's motor pattern candidate's motor pattern is traveled through to predict its following moving region sequence.
5) for obtaining longer predicted path; One take turns prediction and finish after; If prediction algorithm end condition (the following path and the destination that dope are enough approaching, can't dope any following path again, or reach a predetermined prediction number of times) does not satisfy; Then splice nearest access region sequence and the following moving region sequence that obtains of prediction in the online exercise data obtaining new online exercise data, and restart matched and searched.
Destination and following path on-line prediction algorithm are as shown in table 1; The given path mode collection PS that from the user trajectory data, excavates; Algorithm at first makes up scheme-tree; And from online exercise data online_data, obtaining starting point and nearest routing information (1-2 is capable), algorithm carries out path mode matched and searched process (3-8 is capable) then.Owing to possibly can't in scheme-tree, find the path mode with its coupling for an online regional sequence.In this case, we shorten online regional sequence, remove its regional element (9-10 is capable) the earliest, and restart matching process up to the path mode that finds coupling.The route matching process will be accomplished, and this is because under worst case, online regional sequence is shortened into single active regions, then must in the child node of root node, find the coupling inlet.After the coupling path mode found, algorithm carried out the degree of depth with next regional probability to scheme-tree based on starting point-terminal point and searches with prediction destination and following path (12-14 is capable).
Table 1
(4) and server com-munication module
When needs excavate track data again; To send new path abstract data to server with server com-munication module; Server will be carried out the motor pattern mining algorithm, and the motor pattern collection that obtains is sent back client-side program with document form.
Server:
Server is actually a Web Service, mainly carries out the bigger motor pattern excacation of calculating pressure, and it communicates through GPRS and client-side program, and its flow process is as shown in Figure 5, respectively each module is elaborated below:
(1) motor pattern excavates module:
This module is excavated the user path abstract data that receives based on the time series mining algorithm that proposes, and obtains according to the motor pattern collection of starting and terminal point to organizing, and its form that is organized into file is returned.
The motor pattern mining algorithm is as shown in table 2, and most important notion is prefix (prefix) in the algorithm, and this prefix notion is similar to the prefix notion in the PrefixSpan algorithm, but different aspect two.The first, adjacent element must satisfy time continuity constraint (the 9th row) in the prefix.The second, when each prefix generated, we supported set attribute for it is provided with a starting and terminal point, made motor pattern comprise starting point-terminal point and supported situation information.The continuous recurrence of algorithm is expanded prefix to generate longer pattern.When algorithm was called for the first time, initial parameter projections was user's sequence sets zone time, and initial prefix is all frequent zones that occur.Each time in the recurrence; To each mapping in the current mapping ensemblen; Algorithm is searched and last element that is complementary of current prefix (the 2nd row) therein, generates new mapping ensemblen (the 3rd row) based on this element, and in new mapping ensemblen, seeks frequent zone as new sub-prefix set (the 4th row).If sub-prefix non-NULL, algorithm is through splicing current prefix and certain sub-prefix to generate new prefix, and current prefix and sub-prefix to be spliced must satisfy time continuity constraint (8-10 is capable).Based on newly-generated prefix, a new path mode of algorithm construction (11-12 is capable).
Table 2
(2) with the client communication module:
This module mainly is responsible for communicating with client-side program, accepts the path abstract data of client, sends it to motor pattern and excavates module, and will excavate the result and return to client.Because server receives only the path abstract data (being the time series of zone number) that does not comprise any particular geographic location information, can protect privacy of user preferably.
Above said be specific embodiment of the present invention and the know-why used, if the change of doing according to conception of the present invention, when the function that it produced does not exceed spiritual that instructions and accompanying drawing contain yet, must belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the position prediction system based on the historical track data mining is characterized in that, comprises mobile client and server end; Client is installed on the mobile device; Comprise collection of GPS track data and pre-processing module, motor pattern excavates preparation module, online position prediction module; Four modules of client communication module; The GPS track data is gathered with pre-processing module and is responsible for being recorded as the GPS track data with certain SF collection GPS location point, and track data is cleaned and cuts apart pre-service; Motor pattern excavates preparation module and is responsible for candidate's Origin And Destination is extracted; Then track data being carried out abstract handles; Send Origin And Destination and abstract path data to server end through the client communication module at last, and call its motor pattern mining algorithm; Online position prediction module is responsible for the user movement pattern through excavating that server end returns is carried out modeling, and structural model is set, and real-time estimate is carried out in user's destination and following path; The client communication module is responsible for communicating with server end; Server end comprises that motor pattern excavates module and server end communication module; Motor pattern excavates module and is responsible for according to the time series mining algorithm path abstract data of client upload being excavated, and obtains the motor pattern collection of organizing according to starting point and endpoint data; The server end communication module is responsible for communicating with the client communication module, accepts the path abstract data of client, sends it to motor pattern and excavates module, and will excavate the result and return to client.
2. a kind of position prediction system based on the historical track data mining according to claim 1 is characterized in that the client and server end communicates through GPRS.
3. the position predicting method based on the historical track data mining is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1) on user's mobile device, settles gps receiver, gather the GPS location point, be recorded as the GPS track data, and protect to preserve with certain SF;
2) the GPS track data is cleaned, the location point continuous to the time carries out cluster according to its speed, incorporates speed into same cluster less than the continuous position point of threshold value, and filters wherein irrational location point data;
3) according to cutting apart at interval the writing time of continuous position point, if then track is divided into two paths greater than threshold value at interval the writing time of continuous two location points;
4) to every paths along the time shaft forward with oppositely respectively location point is carried out clustering processing; Time is continuous and location point close together is incorporated same cluster into; The forward direction cluster of finding out the path and back are to cluster; Then forward direction cluster set and the cluster of back in cluster set are mated, cluster centre point distance then merges it less than threshold value becomes candidate's beginning or end;
5) appointed area is divided into the square net that the length of side equates, location point is replaced by the grid that comprises it, and the path is converted into the grid sequence data, then track data is carried out abstract and handle;
6) send Origin And Destination and abstract path data to server end through the client communication module and send the abstract path data to server; And call its motor pattern mining algorithm the user path abstract data that receives is excavated; Obtain the motor pattern collection organized to terminal according to starting point, and its form that is organized into file is returned;
7) utilization PrefixSpan sequential mode mining algorithm carries out modeling to motor pattern, the structural model tree, and scheme-tree comprises all motor patterns and adopts the probability of different starting points and terminal point;
8) based on user movement pattern of excavating and online exercise data thereof, through carrying out matched and searched in the scheme-tree, obtain lookup result, its destination and following path are predicted.
4. a kind of position predicting method based on the historical track data mining according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the described gps receiver of step 1) is the built-in GPS module of mobile device or passes through the external GPS module that bluetooth connects.
5. a kind of position predicting method based on the historical track data mining according to claim 3 is characterized in that step 1), step 2) and step 3) can synchronous processing.
6. a kind of position predicting method based on the historical track data mining according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the described server end of step 6) receives only Origin And Destination and the abstract path data that do not comprise any particular geographic location information.
7. according to claim 3 or the described a kind of position predicting method of 4 or 5 or 6 arbitrary claims, it is characterized in that step 7) is described scheme-tree result be retained in the Installed System Memory based on the historical track data mining.
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