CN102383772B - Well drilling type oil gas preparing system through gasification and dry distillation of oil shale at normal position and technical method thereof - Google Patents
Well drilling type oil gas preparing system through gasification and dry distillation of oil shale at normal position and technical method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102383772B CN102383772B CN201110282675.6A CN201110282675A CN102383772B CN 102383772 B CN102383772 B CN 102383772B CN 201110282675 A CN201110282675 A CN 201110282675A CN 102383772 B CN102383772 B CN 102383772B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a well drilling type oil gas preparing system through gasification and dry distillation of oil shale at a normal position and a technical method thereof. At least two parallelly arranged directional wells are arranged in an oil shale layer, the horizontal sections of the directional wells are arranged at the bottom of the oil shale layer, an igniting well is respectively arranged between the tail ends of the horizontal sections of the directional wells and the ground, a plurality of auxiliary gasifying wells are arranged between the horizontal sections of the directional wells and the ground, the horizontal sections of the directional wells are arranged between the vertical sections of the directional wells and the igniting wells, and a plurality of oil gas collecting wells are arranged between the gasifying area and the ground. The technological procedure includes: igniting for reverse fire power penetration and expanding a gasification and dry distillation passage; gasifying and dry-distilling the oil shale layer of the gasifying area in positive, negative or fixed point mode; loosening and heating the oil shale layer in a dry distillation area so as to produce cracks on the dry distillation area and generate oil shale oil gas and combustible gas; collecting the oil shale oil gas through an oil gas collecting well; and condensing and separating the oil shale oil gas on the ground surface, thereby obtaining oil shale oil and combustible gas. The well drilling type oil gas preparing system through gasification and dry distillation of the oil shale at the normal position integrates shaft building, oil shale exploitation and ground surface dry distillation oil preparing technology, shortens the production process, is small in investment, high in efficiency and safe and protects the environment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to oil shale recovery liquefaction gas technical field, particularly drilling well type oil shale in-situ gasification destructive distillation petroleum system processed and process thereof, is applied to oil shale in-situ direct gasification destructive distillation exploitation liquefaction gas.
Background technology
Oil shale retorting gained shale oil can petroleum replacing.Past more than 100 year once attempted many methods and developed oil shale resources, was mainly divided into two classes: ground distillation process and original position distillation process.Ground distillation process is most popular, first the underground mining that carries out oil shale is transported to ground, pulverize, then in gas retort, Pintsch process generates shale oil, processes shale oil, makes the chemical products of oil refinery raw materials for production and high value, but this technique is large to the intractability of solid waste and burnt shale, capacity usage ratio, cost is high, has affected the development of this industry.The direct distillation process of original position, need not dig up mine, but transfers heat to the oil shale of original position, improves conduction and the fluid fluid ability between shale by high pressure fracture broken segment or whole ores, thereby improves cracking and production efficiency; But traditional original position distillation process, adopt the different mode of heatings such as electric power, microwave, high temperature and high pressure steam or other gas, less radio-frequency that outer thermal source is provided, to provide energy from ground, act on oil shale layer, output shale oil and gas, outer thermal process exists that length heating cycle, complicated operation, energy consumption are high, high in cost of production shortcoming, oil shale densification in addition, poor permeability, cause destructive distillation scope little, effect is undesirable.Therefore, the comprehensive utilization cost of current oil shale is too high, big for environment pollution, and distillation process technology and equipment imperfection, is badly in need of new technology, more rationally efficient producing oil shale.
Summary of the invention
For solving an above-mentioned difficult problem, the invention provides a kind of drilling well type oil shale in-situ gasification destructive distillation petroleum system processed and process thereof, pass through ground drilling, utilize directional well to construct original position gasification destructive distillation panel, controlledly burn and gasify fraction oil shale, oil shale layer in loose panel, and heat and the high-temperature gas of dry rectificating oil shale layer are provided.Utilize the gasification heat release of the incendivity of oil shale own and produce the characteristic of high-temperature gas, self-heating dry rectificating oil shale layer; Take ground drilling to construct original position gasification destructive distillation panel, ground only need provide air or oxygen enrichment, combustion gasification part oil shale layer, maintain in-situ high temperature, loose oil shale layer, and form high-temperature gas dry rectificating oil shale layer, and realize heat conduction, convection current empyreumatic oil page layer, obtain shale oil gas, be discharged to ground by drilling well, condensation separation obtains oil shale and fuel gas.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
Drilling well type oil shale in-situ gasification destructive distillation petroleum system processed, set up gasification zone and dry distillation area in oil shale layer, multiple gasification zones and dry distillation area are staggered and form drilling well type oil shale in-situ gasification destructive distillation petroleum system processed, gasification zone combustion gasification, in the produced simultaneously heat heating dry distillation area that produces shale gas, dry distillation area produces shale oil gas, realizes the destructive distillation of original position self-heating; Control gasification zone oil shale combustion combustion scope, form combustion dead zone in both sides, dry distillation area, under ground pressure and high temperature action, impel dry distillation area to form abundant crack.
The drilling well type oil shale in-situ gasification destructive distillation petroleum system processed of the minimum unit that described gasification zone and dry distillation area are at least made up of peupendicular hole control, dry distillation area between two directional wells the gasification zone of two directional well controls and; multiple minimum units are combined into large-scale production district, realize large-scale production.
The gasification zone of described directional well control has two at least, is arranged in the both sides of dry distillation area, and single gasification zone width is between 10m～30m, and length is between 150～500m, and directional well is apart from oil shale layer base plate 0.2～3m, and connects with ignition well; Between directional well and ignition well, arrange several auxiliary gasification wells, internal diameter is 150mm～350mm, and spacing is 40m～90m, and shaft bottom is apart from oil shale layer bottom 1～5m; Ignition well internal diameter is 150mm～350mm, be provided with radius in ignition well bottom and be greater than 500mm, height 2～10m in order to place the igniting cave of seed material.
Described dry distillation area is between two directional wells, and width is 20m～80m; Be provided with oil gas collection well to ground in dry distillation area, oil gas collection well internal diameter is within the scope of 150mm～350mm, and well spacing is between 20m～60m, and shaft bottom enters the downward 1～5m in oil shale layer top.
Drilling well type oil shale in-situ gasification destructive distillation petroleum system processed and process thereof, comprise above-mentioned drilling well type oil shale in-situ gasification destructive distillation petroleum system processed, the simultaneous ignition of gasification zone, both sides, perforation and gasification, produce shale gas, and control gasification zone burning width, form reasonably combustion dead zone scope.
Transfer combustible material and igniter to bottomhole ignition cave at ignition well, oil shale layer is lighted, blast oxygen concentration at 25～50% oxygen-enriched air by ignition well, given vent to anger by directional well, when form flame range, temperature rise to 1000 ℃ at directional well horizontal segment more than, available gas component (H in exit gas
2+ CO+CH
4) be greater than 15%, light a fire successfully.
Reverse firepower connects, and expansion gasification destructive distillation passage, after the bottom flame range of giving vent to anger forms, changes by directional well and blast gasifying agent, and gasifying agent is oxygen content at 25～50% oxygen-enriched air, and flow is 500～3000Nm
3/ h, keeps gas mean flow rate in gasification tunnel below 2m/s, to realize reverse igniting, and makes burning things which may cause a fire disaster enter oil page layer point to directional well gradually mobile, expands the gasification tunnel of directional well simultaneously, by the ignition well collection oil gas of giving vent to anger.
After expansion completes, by directional well blast oxygen content at 35～80% oxygen-enriched air as gasifying agent, when gasifying agent flow reaches 5000～10000Nm
3after/h, ignition well is given vent to anger; Between directional well vertical shaft and ignition well, form combustion zone, reducing zone and dry distillation zone, the oil shale layer in the energy destructive distillation downstream that combustion zone provides, the shale oil gas of formation is gone out by ignition well or auxiliary gasification well array, keeps air outlet temperature more than 300 ℃; By the ignition well collection oil gas of giving vent to anger.
Control gasification zone burning width, form reasonably combustion dead zone scope.According to the Quality and yield of institute's produce oil gas, calculate the combustion volume of oil shale, in conjunction with physical prospecting means, determine gasification zone burning width and combustion dead zone scope.When gasification zone burning width reach design width 30%～50% time, stop gasification, enter dry distillation area and produce.
By gasification zone combustion gasification, control gasification zone burning width, form combustion dead zone in both sides, dry distillation area, because of the existence of combustion dead zone, both sides, above dry distillation area, forming geostatic stress concentrates, under geostatic stress and high temperature action, dry distillation area oil shale layer is loosened, and permeability increases, and has improved oily page layer temperature; When gasification zone burning width reach design width 30%～50% time, stop gasification, all gasification wells all change air inlet well into, blast gasifying agent, improve vapor pressure, the heat that gasification zone produces and high-temperature gas are through dry distillation area oil shale layer, dry distillation area temperature is brought up to more than 500 ℃, oil shale layer in designed dry distillation area is carried out to thorough destructive distillation, shale oil gas mixture through oil gas collection well array to ground, collect shale oil gas mixture on ground, after condensation separation, obtain shale oil and shale gas.
the beneficial effect that compared with the prior art the present invention reaches is:
1. oil shale drilling well type original position gasification destructive distillation liquefaction technology, integrates shaft building, oil shale recovery, the large technique of ground destructive distillation liquefaction three, has shortened production procedure, small investment, high efficiency;
2. oil shale drilling well type original position gasification destructive distillation liquefaction technology, does not need people to arrive former bit manipulation, and safety is good, simultaneously without at the huge gas retort of surface construction, has avoided accumulation and the processing of a large amount of shale slags in ground, and environmental benefit is good;
3. compared with other oil shale in-situ production techniques, without pressure break oil shale layer, utilize temperature and combustion dead zone inbreak and the loose oil shale layer of ground pressure effect, increase its permeability.Without external heat source (electric heating, hot fluid etc.), adopt oil shale self combustion gasification to produce heat and high-temperature gas, carry out destructive distillation, obtain shale oil and fuel gas, there is the advantages such as small investment, running cost are low, instant effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that schematic diagram is arranged in drilling well type oil shale in-situ gasification of the present invention destructive distillation panel.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
1,2,3,1 ', 2 ', 3 ' be auxiliary gasification well referring to accompanying drawing 1, in figure:, 4,4 ' for ignition well or go out Oil/gas Well, 5,6,7,8 is oil gas collection well, 9 is igniting cave, and 10 is crack, and 11 is dry distillation area, 12 is gasification zone, 13 is oil shale layer, and 14,14 ' is directional well, and 14-1,14 '-1 is directional well vertical shaft, 14-2,14 '-2 are directional well horizontal well, and 15 is ground.
embodiment 1:
The present embodiment utilizes the incendivity gasification heat release of oil shale own and produces the characteristic of high-temperature gas, and oil shale layer is constructed gasification zone and destructive distillation panel in position, by heat conduction, convection current self-heating mode dry rectificating oil shale layer, produces shale oil and fuel gas.
Drilling well type oil shale in-situ gasification destructive distillation petroleum system processed, set up original position gasification destructive distillation panel in oil shale layer, wherein, described original position gasification destructive distillation panel minimum unit comprises the gasification zone of at least two directional well controls, described directional well horizontal segment is in the bottom of oil shale layer, directional well horizontal segment end is provided with ignition well to ground, directional well horizontal segment is provided with multiple auxiliary gasification wells to ground, in the middle of two directional well horizontal segment gasification zones, form dry distillation area, be provided with multiple oil gas collection wells in dry distillation area to ground.
The present embodiment is minimum unit original position gasification destructive distillation petroleum system processed, comprises the gasification zone of two directional well controls, a dry distillation area in the middle of two gasification zones, and 4 oil gas collection wells are established in dry distillation area.
The gasification zone width of directional well control is 20m, and directional well internal diameter is at 150mm, and horizontal section length is 200m, creeps into along oil shale bottom, apart from oil shale layer base plate 0.5m, connects with ignition well, arranges 3 auxiliary gasification wells between directional well and ignition well; Ignition well hole diameter is 150mm, and cave is made in bottom, makes cave radius 500mm, height 2m; Auxiliary gasification well hole diameter is 150mm, and spacing is 50m, and shaft bottom is apart from oil shale layer bottom 1m.Dry distillation area width is 30m.Oil gas collection well hole diameter 150mm, between spacing 50m, shaft bottom is at oil page layer top, and shaft bottom is apart from oil shale layer top 1m.In peupendicular hole, transfer temperature thermocouple.Peupendicular hole and the directed drilling degree of depth are determined along with the buried depth of oil shale.After building, original position panel in ignition well igniting, carries out reverse firepower perforation, expansion gasification destructive distillation passage, and then combustion gasification district oil shale, produces shale gas.Control gasification zone burning width, reach after 10m, stop gasification, blast gasifying agent by gasification well, improve gasification zone pressure, make the high-temperature gas of gasification zone generation through dry distillation area oil shale layer gap, dry rectificating oil shale, the shale oil gas producing is gone out by the oil gas collection well array of dry distillation area, after ground collection, condensation separation, obtains liquid rock oil and fuel gas.
Drilling well type oil shale in-situ gasification destructive distillation liquefaction gas system and process step is:
Transfer combustible material (easy-to-burn briquette etc.) and igniter to bottomhole ignition cave 9 li at ignition well 4,4 ', oil shale layer is lighted, blast oxygen concentration at 25～50% oxygen-enriched air by ignition well, given vent to anger by directional well 14,14 ', form flame range, temperature rise to 1000 ℃ below ignition well 4,4 ' more than, available gas component (H in directional well 14,14 ' exit gas
2+ CO+CH
4) be greater than 15%, light a fire successfully.
Described reverse firepower connects, and expansion gasification destructive distillation passage is worked as after light a fire successfully bottom gas well 4,4 ' after flame range forms, and changes by directional well 14,14 ' and blasts gasifying agent, and gasifying agent is oxygen content at 25～50% oxygen-enriched air, and flow is 500～3000Nm
3/ h, keeps gas mean flow rate in gasification tunnel below 2m/s, to realize reverse igniting, and burning things which may cause a fire disaster is moved to 1,1 ' shaft bottom gradually, expands the gasification tunnel of directional well horizontal segment simultaneously, by going out gas well 4,4 ' the collection oil gas of giving vent to anger;
The synchronousing combustion gasification of described gasification zone, both sides, after expansion completes, by directional well 14,14 ' blast oxygen content at 35～80% oxygen-enriched air as gasifying agent, gasifying agent flow progressively reaches 5000～10000Nm
3/ h, gives vent to anger by going out gas well 4,4 '; At vertical shaft 1 with go out gas well 4, vertical shaft 1 ' and go out to form combustion zone, reducing zone and dry distillation zone between gas well 4 ', produce shale gas, shale gas is discharged by going out gas well 4,4 ', keeps air outlet temperature more than 300 ℃; By going out gas well 4,4 ' collection oil gas.
Described gasification zone, both sides synchronousing combustion gasification, controls gasification zone burning width, forms reasonably combustion dead zone scope.According to the Quality and yield of institute's produce oil gas, calculate the combustion volume of oil shale, in conjunction with physical prospecting means, determine gasification zone burning width and combustion dead zone scope.In the time that gasification zone burning width reaches 10m, stop gasification, enter dry distillation area and produce.
Described drilling well type oil shale in-situ gasification destructive distillation liquefaction gas system and process, by gasification zone combustion gasification, control gasification zone burning width, form combustion dead zone in both sides, dry distillation area, because of the existence of combustion dead zone, both sides, above dry distillation area, form geostatic stress and concentrate, under geostatic stress and high temperature action, dry distillation area oil shale layer is loosened, permeability increases, and has improved oily page layer temperature; In the time that gasification zone burning width reaches 10 meters, stop gasification, all gasification wells 1,2,3,4,1 ', 2 ', 3 ', 4 ' all change air inlet well into, blast gasifying agent, improve vapor pressure, are given vent to anger by dry distillation area oil gas collection well 5,6,7,8.The heat that gasification zone produces and high-temperature gas are through dry distillation area oil shale layer, dry distillation area temperature is brought up to more than 500 ℃, oil shale layer in designed dry distillation area is carried out to thorough destructive distillation, shale oil gas mixture drains into ground through oil gas collection well 5,6,7,8, collect shale oil gas mixture on ground, after condensation separation, obtain shale oil and shale gas.
Shale oil gas, after the condensation separation of ground, obtains liquid rock oil and fuel gas.Fuel gas main component is CH
4, H
2, CO, CO
2, CmHn, N
2deng, calorific value reaches 6MJ/Nm
3above, can be used as industrial combustion gas, for generating and kiln, boiler combustion.
embodiment 2:
The present embodiment is made up of the minimum unit described in six embodiment 1.
The present embodiment drilling well type oil shale in-situ gasification destructive distillation petroleum system processed is staggered and is formed by 7 gasification zones, 6 dry distillation areas, has 7 directional wells, 7 ignition wells, 21 auxiliary gasification wells, 24 oil gas collection wells, and arrangement mode is with embodiment 1.
The gasification zone width of directional well control in minimum unit is 30m, and directional well internal diameter is at 150mm, and horizontal section length is 300m, creeps into along oil shale bottom, apart from oil shale layer base plate 1m, connects with ignition well, arranges 3 auxiliary gasification wells between directional well and ignition well; Ignition well hole diameter is 350mm, and cave is made in bottom, makes cave radius 600mm, height 2.5m; Auxiliary gasification well hole diameter is 250mm, and spacing is 70m, and shaft bottom is apart from oil shale layer bottom 2m.Dry distillation area width is 50m.Oil gas collection well hole diameter 350mm, between spacing 60m, shaft bottom enters oil page layer top, and shaft bottom is apart from oil shale layer top 1.5m.In peupendicular hole, transfer temperature thermocouple.After building, original position panel simultaneously in ignition well igniting, carries out reverse firepower perforation, expansion gasification tunnel, and then combustion gasification gasification zone oil shale, produces shale gas.Control gasification zone burning width, reach after 15m, stop gasification, blast gasifying agent by gasification well, improve gasification zone pressure, make the high-temperature gas of gasification zone generation through dry distillation area oil shale layer gap, dry rectificating oil shale, the shale oil gas producing is gone out by the oil gas collection well array of dry distillation area, after ground collection, condensation separation, obtains liquid rock oil and fuel gas.
Drilling well type oil shale in-situ gasification destructive distillation liquefaction gas system and process step is with embodiment 1.
embodiment 3:
Drilling well type oil shale in-situ gasification destructive distillation liquefaction gas system embodiment, referring to accompanying drawing 1, the present embodiment is with the gasification heat release of the incendivity of oil shale own and produce the characteristic of high-temperature gas, set up original position gasification destructive distillation panel in staggered gasification zone and the dry distillation area set up of oil shale layer in oil shale layer, by heat conduction, convection current self-heating mode dry rectificating oil shale layer, produce shale oil and fuel gas, multiple gasification zones and dry distillation area are staggered and form drilling well type oil shale in-situ gasification destructive distillation petroleum system processed.Gasification zone combustion gasification, in the produced simultaneously heat heating dry distillation area that produces shale gas, dry distillation area produces shale oil gas, realizes the destructive distillation of original position self-heating.Control gasification zone oil shale combustion scope, form combustion dead zone in both sides, dry distillation area, under ground pressure and high temperature action, impel dry distillation area to form abundant crack, there is the discharge that is used in heat transmission and shale oil gas, replace conventional high pressure fracture method for destructive distillation, had the advantages that dry distillation efficiency is high, energy consumption is low, be lowered into cost of production.
Described system has two directional wells that are arranged in parallel at least in oil shale layer, described directional well comprises the vertical shaft section and the net horizontal section that are interconnected, described directional well horizontal segment is arranged on oil shale layer bottom, directional well horizontal segment end is provided with ignition well to ground, directional well horizontal segment between described directional well vertical shaft section and ignition well is provided with multiple auxiliary gasification wells to ground, be dry distillation area around the region of directional well horizontal segment, between two dry distillation areas, form minimum gasification zone, described gasification zone is provided with multiple oil gas collection wells to ground.
Under normal circumstances, distance between described two directional wells that are arranged in parallel is between 20m～80m, described directional well diameter is 150mm～350mm, directional well horizontal section length is between 150m～500m, described directional well net horizontal section is apart from oil shale layer bottom outer rim 0.2～3m, described multiple auxiliary gasification well internal diameter is 150mm～350mm, multiple auxiliary gasification well spacing are 40m～90m, ignition well internal diameter is 150mm～350mm, be provided with radius in ignition well bottom and be more than or equal to 500mm, height 2m～10m in order to place the igniting cave of seed material.Described oil gas collection well internal diameter is at 150mm～350mm, and oil gas collection well spacing is between 20m～60m, and oil gas collection well shaft bottom enters the downward 1～5m in oil shale layer top.
Distance described in the present embodiment between two directional wells that are arranged in parallel is at 50m, and described directional well internal diameter is at 150mm, and directional well horizontal section length is 200m, and directional well horizontal segment is apart from oil shale layer bottom outer rim 0.5m, and described oil gas collection well is 4; Described auxiliary gasification well is 3, and auxiliary gasification well hole diameter is that 150mm, spacing are 50m; Ignition well hole diameter is 150mm, igniting cave radius 500mm, height 2m; Oil gas collection well hole diameter 150mm, between spacing 50m, oil gas collection well shaft bottom is apart from oil shale layer top 1m, and dry distillation area width is 10m, transfers temperature thermocouple in vertical shaft.The vertical shaft degree of depth is determined along with the buried depth of oil shale layer.
embodiment 4:
Drilling well type oil shale in-situ gasification destructive distillation liquefaction gas system and process embodiment, referring to embodiment 3, described system has two directional wells that are arranged in parallel at least in oil shale layer, described directional well comprises the vertical shaft section and the net horizontal section that are interconnected, described directional well horizontal segment is arranged on oil shale layer bottom, directional well horizontal segment end is provided with ignition well to ground, directional well horizontal segment between described directional well vertical shaft section and ignition well is provided with multiple auxiliary gasification wells to ground, be dry distillation area around the region of directional well horizontal segment, between two dry distillation areas, form minimum gasification zone, described gasification zone is provided with multiple oil gas collection wells to ground, its gasification destructive distillation liquefaction gas process is:
A. in the ignition well simultaneous ignition of both sides, gasification zone; Transfer combustible material (easy-to-burn briquette etc.) and igniter to bottomhole ignition cave at ignition well, oil shale layer is lighted;
B. blast oxygen concentration at 25～50% oxygen-enriched air at ignition well, given vent to anger and directional well horizontal segment forms flame range by directional well vertical shaft, rise to more than 1000 ℃ available gas component (H in exit gas at well temperature
2+ CO+CH
4) be greater than 15%, light a fire successfully;
C. after the bottom flame range of giving vent to anger forms and light a fire successfully, carry out reverse firepower perforation, expand the destructive distillation passage of gasifying, change by directional well vertical shaft and blast gasifying agent, gasifying agent is oxygen content at 25～50% oxygen-enriched air, and flow is 500～3000Nm
3/ h, in maintenance gasification tunnel, gas mean flow rate is at 2m/s, in the formation dry distillation area, region around directional well horizontal segment; Realize reverse igniting, make burning things which may cause a fire disaster enter oil page layer point to directional well gradually mobile, expand the gasification tunnel of directional well simultaneously, by the ignition well collection oil gas of giving vent to anger;
D. carry out by directional well vertical shaft to the forward gasification dry rectificating oil shale layer of ignition well and by ignition well the reverse-gasification dry rectificating oil shale layer to directional well vertical shaft, or the fixed point dry rectificating oil shale layer that gasifies;
E. collect oil gas.
After building, original position panel in ignition well igniting, carries out reverse firepower perforation, expansion gasification destructive distillation passage, then forward, reverse and fixed point gasification dry rectificating oil shale layer, collect shale oil gas by each drilling well, after the condensation separation of ground, obtain liquid rock oil and fuel gas.
Wherein,
Described forward gasification dry rectificating oil shale layer is:
F. form after width is 10m～20m in dry distillation area, from directional well vertical shaft blast oxygen content at 35～80% oxygen-enriched air as gasifying agent, when gasifying agent flow reaches 5000～10000Nm
3after/h, ignition well is given vent to anger; Between directional well vertical shaft and ignition well, form combustion zone, reducing zone and dry distillation zone, the oil shale layer in the energy destructive distillation downstream that combustion zone provides, the shale oil gas of formation is gone out by ignition well or auxiliary gasification well array, keeps air outlet temperature more than 300 ℃;
G. by thermocouple measurement bottom hole temperature (BHT),, change by this auxiliary gasification well and blast gasifying agent recently when auxiliary gasification downhole when combustion zone is advanced to apart from directional well vertical shaft section, make gasifying agent directly feed combustion zone, be conducive to improve combustion intensity and dry distillation area temperature; Other auxiliary gasification well is given vent to anger, and collects shale oil gas, after the condensation separation of ground, obtains liquid rock oil and fuel gas; The like until combustion zone is advanced to after the last auxiliary gasification well, carry out reverse-gasification dry rectificating oil shale layer.
Take Fig. 1 as example, in the time that combustion zone is advanced to No. 1 well or 1 ' number downhole, changes by No. 1 well or 1 ' number well and blast gasifying agent, make gasifying agent directly feed combustion zone, be conducive to improve combustion intensity and dry distillation area temperature; Give vent to anger at No. 2 wells or 2 ' number well, No. 3 wells or 3 ' number well, No. 4 wells or 4 ' number well, and collect shale oil gas, after the condensation separation of ground, obtain liquid rock oil and fuel gas.
The like, in the time that combustion zone is advanced to No. 4 wells or 4 ' number downhole, changes by No. 4 wells or 4 ' number well and feed gasifying agent, carry out reverse-gasification dry rectificating oil shale layer.
Described reverse-gasification dry rectificating oil shale layer is:
After forward gasification dry rectificating oil shale layer, flame range and combustion dead zone, formation combustion dead zone, both sides, dry distillation area are formed in oil page bottom, layer gasification zone and both sides, dry distillation area, blast gasifying agent by ignition well, close directional well vertical shaft and other auxiliary gasification wells, improve gradually more than gasification zone pressure reaches 1.5MPa, the gasification zone oil shale layer that burns away, collects shale oil gas from oil gas collection well.
Take Fig. 1 as example, gasify by forward, control gasification, and combustion gasification width, formed flame range and combustion dead zone in bottom, oil page layer gasification zone and both sides, dry distillation area, both sides, dry distillation area form behind combustion dead zone, and the inevitable geostatic stress that forms in dry distillation area is concentrated, geostatic stress and and temperature action under, dry distillation area oil shale layer is loosened, and permeability increases, and has improved oily page layer temperature; Blast gasifying agent by No. 4 wells or 4 ' number well, close the auxiliary gasification of directed vertical shaft well and other well 1,1 ', 2,2 ', 3,3 ' number well, improve gradually gasification zone pressure, more than reaching 1.5MPa, the gasification gasification zone oil page layer that burns away, according to the permeability of oil shale, determines pressure rating; The high-temperature gas that gasification produces, main component is CO
2, N
2, H
2, CO, CH
4permeated through dry distillation area oil shale layer by gasification zone, dry distillation area oil shale layer in destructive distillation panel, produce shale oil steam, by the discharge of giving vent to anger of oil gas collection well, collect shale oil gas, with high-temperature gas after the condensation separation of ground, obtain liquid rock oil and fuel gas, realize the thorough destructive distillation of the oil shale layer in designed panel.
Described fixed point gasification dry rectificating oil shale layer is:
On directional well, select one to two to select auxiliary gasification well and blast gasifying agent, closing directional well vertical shaft, ignition well and all the other auxiliary gasification wells improves more than vapor pressure reaches 1.5MPa, heat and high-temperature gas that gasification produces are given vent to anger through oil gas collection well through dry distillation area oil shale layer again, realize the thorough destructive distillation of the oil shale layer in designed panel.
Claims (5)
1. drilling well type oil shale in-situ gasification destructive distillation petroleum system processed, it is characterized in that, set up gasification zone and dry distillation area in oil shale layer, multiple gasification zones and dry distillation area are staggered and form drilling well type oil shale in-situ gasification destructive distillation petroleum system processed, gasification zone combustion gasification, in the produced simultaneously heat heating dry distillation area that produces shale gas, dry distillation area produces shale oil gas, realizes the destructive distillation of original position self-heating; Control gasification zone oil shale combustion scope, form combustion dead zone in both sides, dry distillation area, under ground pressure and high temperature action, impel dry distillation area to form abundant crack;
The drilling well type oil shale in-situ gasification destructive distillation petroleum system processed of the minimum unit that described gasification zone and dry distillation area are at least made up of peupendicular hole control, dry distillation area between two directional wells the gasification zone of two directional well controls and; multiple minimum units are combined into large-scale production district; realize large-scale production
Described directional well horizontal segment is in the bottom of oil shale layer, directional well horizontal segment end is provided with ignition well to ground, directional well horizontal segment is provided with multiple auxiliary gasification wells to ground, form dry distillation area in the middle of two directional well horizontal segment gasification zones, is provided with multiple oil gas collection wells in dry distillation area to ground;
The gasification zone of described directional well control has two at least, is arranged in the both sides of dry distillation area, and single gasification zone width is between 10m～30m, and length is between 150～500m, and directional well is apart from oil shale layer base plate 0.2～3m, and connects with ignition well; Between directional well and ignition well, arrange several auxiliary gasification wells, internal diameter is 150mm～350mm, and spacing is 40m～90m, and shaft bottom is apart from oil shale layer bottom 1～5m; Ignition well internal diameter is 150mm～350mm, be provided with radius in ignition well bottom and be greater than 500mm, height 2～10m in order to place the igniting cave of seed material.
2. drilling well type oil shale in-situ gasification destructive distillation according to claim 1 petroleum system processed, is characterized in that, described dry distillation area is between two directional wells, and width is 20m～80m; Be provided with oil gas collection well to ground in dry distillation area, oil gas collection well internal diameter is within the scope of 150mm～350mm, and well spacing is between 20m～60m, and shaft bottom enters the downward 1～5m in oil shale layer top.
3. the process of drilling well type oil shale in-situ gasification destructive distillation liquefaction gas, is the process based on drilling well type oil shale in-situ gasification destructive distillation claimed in claim 1 petroleum system processed, it is characterized in that, described process is:
A. in the ignition well simultaneous ignition of both sides, gasification zone; Transfer combustible material and igniter to bottomhole ignition cave at ignition well, oil shale layer is lighted;
B. blast oxygen concentration at 25～50% oxygen-enriched air at ignition well, given vent to anger and directional well horizontal segment forms flame range by directional well vertical shaft, rise to more than 1000 ℃ available gas component (H in exit gas at well temperature
2+ CO+CH
4) be greater than 15%, light a fire successfully;
C. after the bottom flame range of giving vent to anger forms and light a fire successfully, carry out reverse firepower perforation, expand the destructive distillation passage of gasifying, change by directional well vertical shaft and blast gasifying agent, gasifying agent is oxygen content at 25～50% oxygen-enriched air, and flow is 500～3000Nm
3/ h, in maintenance gasification tunnel, gas mean flow rate is at 2m/s, in the formation dry distillation area, region around directional well horizontal segment; Realize reverse igniting, make burning things which may cause a fire disaster enter oil page layer point to directional well gradually mobile, expand the gasification tunnel of directional well simultaneously, by the ignition well collection oil gas of giving vent to anger;
D. carry out by directional well vertical shaft to the forward gasification dry rectificating oil shale layer of ignition well and by ignition well the reverse-gasification dry rectificating oil shale layer to directional well vertical shaft, or the fixed point dry rectificating oil shale layer that gasifies;
E. collect oil gas;
Wherein, described reverse firepower connects, and expansion gasification destructive distillation passage is: after the bottom flame range of giving vent to anger forms, change by directional well and blast gasifying agent, gasifying agent is oxygen content at 25～50% oxygen-enriched air, and flow is 500～3000Nm
3/ h, keeps gas mean flow rate in gasification tunnel below 2m/s, to realize reverse igniting, and makes burning things which may cause a fire disaster enter oil page layer point to directional well gradually mobile, expands the gasification tunnel of directional well simultaneously;
after expansion completes, by directional well blast oxygen content at 35～80% oxygen-enriched air as gasifying agent, when gasifying agent flow reaches 5000～10000 Nm
3after/h, ignition well is given vent to anger; Between directional well vertical shaft and ignition well, form combustion zone, reducing zone and dry distillation zone, the oil shale layer in the energy destructive distillation downstream that combustion zone provides, the shale oil gas of formation is gone out by ignition well or auxiliary gasification well array, keeps air outlet temperature more than 300 ℃; By the ignition well collection oil gas of giving vent to anger.
4. the process of drilling well type oil shale in-situ gasification destructive distillation liquefaction gas according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described method further comprises controls gasification zone burning width, forms reasonably combustion dead zone scope; According to the Quality and yield of institute's produce oil gas, calculate the combustion volume of oil shale, in conjunction with physical prospecting means, determine gasification zone burning width and combustion dead zone scope; When gasification zone burning width reach design width 30%～50% time, stop gasification, enter dry distillation area and produce.
5. the process of drilling well type oil shale in-situ gasification destructive distillation liquefaction gas according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described method is further: by gasification zone combustion gasification, control gasification zone burning width, form combustion dead zone in both sides, dry distillation area, because of the existence of combustion dead zone, both sides, above dry distillation area, formed geostatic stress and concentrate, under geostatic stress and high temperature action, dry distillation area oil shale layer is loosened, and permeability increases, and has improved oily page layer temperature; When gasification zone burning width reach design width 30%～50% time, stop gasification, all gasification wells all change air inlet well into, blast gasifying agent, improve vapor pressure, the heat that gasification zone produces and high-temperature gas are through dry distillation area oil shale layer, dry distillation area temperature is brought up to more than 500 ℃, oil shale layer in designed dry distillation area is carried out to thorough destructive distillation, shale oil gas mixture through oil gas collection well array to ground, collect shale oil gas mixture on ground, after condensation separation, obtain shale oil and shale gas.
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