CN102383772A - Well drilling type oil gas preparing system through gasification and dry distillation of oil shale at normal position and technical method thereof - Google Patents
Well drilling type oil gas preparing system through gasification and dry distillation of oil shale at normal position and technical method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a well drilling type oil gas preparing system through gasification and dry distillation of oil shale at a normal position and a technical method thereof. At least two parallelly arranged directional wells are arranged in an oil shale layer, the horizontal sections of the directional wells are arranged at the bottom of the oil shale layer, an igniting well is respectively arranged between the tail ends of the horizontal sections of the directional wells and the ground, a plurality of auxiliary gasifying wells are arranged between the horizontal sections of the directional wells and the ground, the horizontal sections of the directional wells are arranged between the vertical sections of the directional wells and the igniting wells, and a plurality of oil gas collecting wells are arranged between the gasifying area and the ground. The technological procedure includes: igniting for reverse fire power penetration and expanding a gasification and dry distillation passage; gasifying and dry-distilling the oil shale layer of the gasifying area in positive, negative or fixed point mode; loosening and heating the oil shale layer in a dry distillation area so as to produce cracks on the dry distillation area and generate oil shale oil gas and combustible gas; collecting the oil shale oil gas through an oil gas collecting well; and condensing and separating the oil shale oil gas on the ground surface, thereby obtaining oil shale oil and combustible gas. The well drilling type oil gas preparing system through gasification and dry distillation of the oil shale at the normal position integrates shaft building, oil shale exploitation and ground surface dry distillation oil preparing technology, shortens the production process, is small in investment, high in efficiency and safe and protects the environment.
Description
Technical field
The oil shale recovery system of the invention belongs to oil gas technical field, particularly drilling well type oil shale original position gasification destructive distillation system petroleum system and process thereof are applied to oil shale original position direct gasification destructive distillation exploitation system oil gas.
Background technology
Oil shale retorting gained shale oil can substitute oil.Past more than 100 year once attempted many methods and developed oil shale resources, mainly was divided into two types: ground distillation process and original position distillation process.The ground distillation process is most popular, and the underground mining that at first carries out oil shale is transported to ground, pulverizes; Pintsch process generates shale oil in gas retort then, processes shale oil, processes the chemical industry articles for use of oil refinery raw materials for production and high value; But this technology is big to the intractability of solid waste and burnt shale; Capacity usage ratio, cost is high, has influenced the development of this industry.The direct distillation process of original position need not be dug up mine, but transfers heat to the oil shale of original position, improves conduction and fluid fluid ability between shale through high pressure pressure break broken segment or whole ores, thereby improves cracking and production efficiency; But traditional original position distillation process adopts electric power, microwave, high temperature and high pressure steam or different mode of heatings such as other gas, less radio-frequency that outer thermal source is provided, and energy promptly will be provided from ground; Act on oil shale layer; There are shortcomings such as length heating cycle, complicated operation, energy consumption height, cost height in output shale oil and gas, outer thermal process, in addition fine and close, the poor permeability of oil shale; Cause the destructive distillation scope little, effect is undesirable.Therefore, the comprehensive utilization cost of current oil shale is too high, big for environment pollution, and distillation process technology and equipment imperfection is badly in need of new technology, more rationally producing oil shale efficiently.
Summary of the invention
For solving an above-mentioned difficult problem; The present invention provides a kind of drilling well type oil shale original position gasification destructive distillation system petroleum system and process thereof; Through ground drilling, utilize directional well to construct original position gasification destructive distillation panel, controlledly burn and gasify the fraction oil shale; Oil shale layer in the loose panel, and the heat and the high-temperature gas of dry rectificating oil shale layer are provided.Utilize the gasification heat release of the incendivity of oil shale own and produce the characteristic of high-temperature gas, self-heating dry rectificating oil shale layer; Take ground drilling to construct original position gasification destructive distillation panel, ground only need provide air or oxygen enrichment, combustion gasification part oil shale layer, keeps in-situ high temperature; Loose oil shale layer; And form high-temperature gas dry rectificating oil shale layer, and realize heat conduction, convection current empyreumatic oil page or leaf layer, obtain shale oil gas; Be discharged to ground through drilling well, condensation separation obtains oil shale and fuel gas.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
Drilling well type oil shale original position gasification destructive distillation system petroleum system; Set up gasification zone and dry distillation area in oil shale layer; A plurality of gasification zones and dry distillation area are staggered and form drilling well type oil shale original position gasification destructive distillation system petroleum system, and the gasification zone combustion gasification is at the produced simultaneously heat dry distillation area of producing shale gas; Dry distillation area is produced shale oil gas, realizes the destructive distillation of original position self-heating; Oil shale combustion combustion scope in control gasification zone forms the combustion dead zone in the dry distillation area both sides, under ground pressure and high temperature action, impel dry distillation area to form abundant crack.
The drilling well type oil shale original position of the minimum unit that said gasification zone and dry distillation area are made up of peupendicular hole control, dry distillation area between two directional wells the gasification zone of two directional wells control and at least destructive distillation system petroleum system that gasifies; A plurality of minimum units are combined into the large-scale production district, realize large-scale production.
The gasification zone of said directional well control has two at least, is arranged in the both sides of dry distillation area, and single gasification zone width is between 10m～30m, and length is between 150～500m, and directional well is apart from oil shale layer base plate 0.2～3m, and connects with ignition well; Between directional well and ignition well, arrange several auxiliary gasification wells, internal diameter is 150mm～350mm, and spacing is 40m～90m, and the shaft bottom is 1～5m apart from the oil shale layer bottom; The ignition well internal diameter is 150mm～350mm, is provided with radius greater than 500mm in the ignition well bottom, the igniting cave in order to the placement seed material of height 2～10m.
Said dry distillation area is between two directional wells, and width is 20m～80m; Be provided with the oil gas collection well to ground at dry distillation area, oil gas collection well internal diameter is in 150mm～350mm scope, and the well spacing is between 20m～60m, and the shaft bottom gets into the oil shale layer downward 1～5m in top.
Drilling well type oil shale original position gasification destructive distillation system petroleum system and process thereof; Comprise above-mentioned drilling well type oil shale original position gasification destructive distillation system petroleum system, shale gas is produced in the simultaneous ignition of gasification zone, both sides, perforation and gasification; And control gasification zone burning width, form reasonably combustion dead zone scope.
Transfer combustible material and igniter to the bottomhole ignition cave at ignition well; Oil shale layer is lighted; Blast oxygen concentration at 25～50% oxygen-enriched air by ignition well; Given vent to anger by directional well, fire is distinguished when forming at the directional well horizontal segment, temperature rises to more than 1000 ℃ available gas component (H in the exit gas
2+ CO+CH
4) greater than 15%, then light a fire successfully.
Reverse firepower connects, and expansion gasification destructive distillation passage after the bottom fire district of giving vent to anger forms, changes by directional well and blasts gasifying agent, and gasifying agent is an oxygen content at 25～50% oxygen-enriched air, and flow is 500～3000Nm
3/ h keeps in the gasification tunnel gas mean flow rate below 2m/s, to realize reverse igniting, and it is mobile to make burning things which may cause a fire disaster go into oil page or leaf layer point to directional well gradually, expands the gasification tunnel of directional well simultaneously, by the ignition well collection oil gas of giving vent to anger.
After expansion is accomplished, by directional well blast oxygen content at 35～80% oxygen-enriched air as gasifying agent, when the gasifying agent flow reaches 5000～10000Nm
3Behind/the h, ignition well is given vent to anger; Between directional well vertical shaft and ignition well, form combustion zone, reducing zone and dry distillation zone, the oil shale layer in the energy destructive distillation downstream that the combustion zone provides, the shale oil gas of formation is gone out by ignition well or auxiliary gasification well array, keeps air outlet temperature more than 300 ℃; By the ignition well collection oil gas of giving vent to anger.
Burning width in control gasification zone forms reasonably combustion dead zone scope.Based on the quality and the output of institute's produce oil gas, calculate the combustion volume of oil shale, in conjunction with the physical prospecting means, confirm gasification zone burning width and combustion dead zone scope.When gasification zone burning width reach design width 30%～50% the time, stop gasification, get into dry distillation area production.
Through gasification zone combustion gasification, control gasification zone burning width; Formed the combustion dead zone in the dry distillation area both sides,, above dry distillation area, formed geostatic stress and concentrate because of the existence of combustion dead zone, both sides; Under geostatic stress and high temperature action; The dry distillation area oil shale layer is loosened, and permeability increases, and has improved oily page or leaf layer temperature; When gasification zone burning width reach design width 30%～50% the time, stop gasification, all gasification wells all change the air inlet well into; Blast gasifying agent; Improve vapor pressure, heat that the gasification zone produced and high-temperature gas are brought up to the dry distillation area temperature more than 500 ℃ through the dry distillation area oil shale layer; Oil shale layer in the design dry distillation area is carried out thorough destructive distillation; The shale oil gas mixture to ground, is collected the shale oil gas mixture through the oil gas collection well array on ground, obtain shale oil and shale gas after the condensation separation.
The beneficial effect that compared with present technology the present invention reaches is:
1. oil shale drilling well type original position gasification destructive distillation system oil tech integrates shaft building, oil shale recovery, ground destructive distillation system oil three big technologies, has shortened production procedure, small investment, high efficiency;
2. oil shale drilling well type original position gasification destructive distillation system oil tech does not need the people to arrive former bit manipulation, and safety is good, need not simultaneously to have avoided the accumulation and the processing of a large amount of shale slags in ground at the huge gas retort of surface construction, and environmental benefit is good;
3. compare with other oil shale original position production techniques, need not the pressure break oil shale layer, utilize temperature and combustion dead zone inbreak and the loose oil shale layer of ground pressure effect, increase its permeability.Need not external heat source (electric heating, hot fluid etc.), adopt oil shale self combustion gasification to produce heat and high-temperature gas, carry out destructive distillation, obtain shale oil and fuel gas, have advantages such as small investment, running cost are low, instant effect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 arranges sketch map for drilling well type oil shale original position gasification destructive distillation of the present invention panel.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is described further.
Referring to accompanying drawing 1, among the figure: 1,2,3,1 ', 2 ', 3 ' is auxiliary gasification well, and 4,4 ' is ignition well or fuel-displaced gas well, and 5,6,7,8 is the oil gas collection well; 9 are the igniting cave, and 10 is the crack, and 11 is dry distillation area; 12 is the gasification zone, and 13 is oil shale layer, and 14,14 ' is directional well; 14-1,14 '-1 is the directional well vertical shaft, and 14-2,14 '-2 is the directional well horizontal well, and 15 is ground.
Embodiment 1:
Present embodiment utilizes the incendivity gasification heat release of oil shale own and produces the characteristic of high-temperature gas, and oil shale layer is constructed gasification zone and destructive distillation panel in position, through heat conduction, convection current self-heating mode dry rectificating oil shale layer, produces shale oil and fuel gas.
Drilling well type oil shale original position gasification destructive distillation system petroleum system; Set up original position gasification destructive distillation panel in oil shale layer; Wherein, said original position gasification destructive distillation panel minimum unit comprises the gasification zone of at least two directional well controls, and said directional well horizontal segment is in the bottom of oil shale layer; The directional well horizontal segment is terminal to be provided with ignition well to ground; The directional well horizontal segment is provided with a plurality of auxiliary gasification wells to ground, form dry distillation area in the middle of two directional well horizontal segment gasification zones, is provided with a plurality of oil gas collection wells to ground at dry distillation area.
Present embodiment is a minimum unit original position gasification destructive distillation system petroleum system, comprises the gasification zone of two directional well controls, two dry distillation areas that the gasification zone is middle, and dry distillation area is established 4 oil gas collection wells.
The gasification zone width of directional well control is 20m, and the directional well internal diameter is at 150mm, and horizontal section length is 200m, creeps into along the oil shale bottom, apart from oil shale layer base plate 0.5m, connects with ignition well, between directional well and ignition well, arranges 3 auxiliary gasification wells; The ignition well hole diameter is 150mm, and the cave is made in the bottom, makes cave radius 500mm, height 2m; Auxiliary gasification well hole diameter is 150mm, and spacing is 50m, and the shaft bottom is 1m apart from the oil shale layer bottom.The dry distillation area width is 30m.Oil gas collection well hole diameter 150mm, between the spacing 50m, the shaft bottom is at oil page or leaf layer top, and the shaft bottom is 1m apart from the oil shale layer top.In peupendicular hole, transfer temperature thermocouple.The peupendicular hole and the directed drilling degree of depth are decided along with the buried depth of oil shale.The original position panel makes up the back that finishes in the ignition well igniting, and carry out reverse firepower and connect, expansion gasification destructive distillation passage, combustion gasification district oil shale is produced shale gas then.Control gasification zone burning width, reach 10m after, stop gasification; Blast gasifying agent by the gasification well, improve gasification zone pressure, the high-temperature gas passes dry distillation area oil shale layer crack that the gasification zone is produced; Dry rectificating oil shale; The shale oil gas that produces is gone out by the oil gas collection well array of dry distillation area, after ground collection, condensation separation, obtains liquid rock oil and fuel gas.
Drilling well type oil shale original position gasification destructive distillation system petroleum system process step is:
Transfer combustible material (easy-to-burn briquette etc.) and igniter 9 li at ignition well 4,4 ' to the bottomhole ignition cave; Oil shale layer is lighted; Blast oxygen concentration at 25～50% oxygen-enriched air by ignition well; Give vent to anger by directional well 14,14 ', form the fire district when ignition well 4, below 4 ', temperature rises to more than 1000 ℃ available gas component (H in directional well 14, the 14 ' exit gas
2+ CO+CH
4) greater than 15%, then light a fire successfully.
Described reverse firepower connects, expansion gasification destructive distillation passage, light a fire successfully after after going out gas well 4,4 ' bottom fire and distinguishing formation, change by directional well 14,14 ' and blast gasifying agent, gasifying agent is an oxygen content at 25～50% oxygen-enriched air, flow is 500～3000Nm
3/ h keeps in the gasification tunnel gas mean flow rate below 2m/s, to realize reverse igniting, and burning things which may cause a fire disaster is moved to 1,1 ' shaft bottom gradually, expands the gasification tunnel of directional well horizontal segment simultaneously, by going out gas well 4,4 ' the collection oil gas of giving vent to anger;
The gasification of gasification zone, described both sides synchronousing combustion, after expansion is accomplished, by directional well 14,14 ' blast oxygen content at 35～80% oxygen-enriched air as gasifying agent, the gasifying agent flow progressively reaches 5000～10000Nm
3/ h gives vent to anger by going out gas well 4,4 '; At vertical shaft 1 with go out gas well 4, vertical shaft 1 ' and go out to form combustion zone, reducing zone and dry distillation zone between the gas well 4 ', produce shale gas, shale gas is discharged by going out gas well 4,4 ', keeps air outlet temperature more than 300 ℃; Collect oil gas by going out gas well 4,4 '.
The synchronousing combustion gasification of gasification zone, described both sides, burning width in control gasification zone forms reasonably combustion dead zone scope.Based on the quality and the output of institute's produce oil gas, calculate the combustion volume of oil shale, in conjunction with the physical prospecting means, confirm gasification zone burning width and combustion dead zone scope.When gasification zone burning width reaches 10m, stop gasification, get into dry distillation area production.
Described drilling well type oil shale original position gasification destructive distillation system petroleum system process through gasification zone combustion gasification, control gasification zone burning width, has formed the combustion dead zone in the dry distillation area both sides; Existence because of combustion dead zone, both sides; Above dry distillation area, form geostatic stress and concentrate, under geostatic stress and high temperature action, the dry distillation area oil shale layer is loosened; Permeability increases, and has improved oily page or leaf layer temperature; When gasification zone burning width reaches 10 meters, stop gasification, all gasification wells 1,2,3,4,1 ', 2 ', 3 ', 4 ' all change the air inlet well into, blast gasifying agent, improve vapor pressure, are given vent to anger by dry distillation area oil gas collection well 5,6,7,8.Heat that the gasification zone produced and high-temperature gas are through the dry distillation area oil shale layer; The dry distillation area temperature is brought up to more than 500 ℃; Oil shale layer in the design dry distillation area is carried out thorough destructive distillation; The shale oil gas mixture drains into ground through oil gas collection well 5,6,7,8, collects the shale oil gas mixture on ground, obtains shale oil and shale gas after the condensation separation.
Shale oil gas obtains liquid rock oil and fuel gas after the condensation separation of ground.The fuel gas main component is CH
4, H
2, CO, CO
2, CmHn, N
2Deng, calorific value reaches 6MJ/Nm
3More than, can be used as industrial combustion gas, be used for generating and kiln, boiler combustion.
Embodiment 2:
Present embodiment is made up of six embodiment, 1 described minimum unit.
Present embodiment drilling well type oil shale original position gasification destructive distillation system petroleum system is staggered and is formed by 7 gasification zones, 6 dry distillation areas, has 7 directional wells, 7 ignition wells, 21 auxiliary gasification wells, 24 oil gas collection wells, and arrangement mode is with embodiment 1.
The gasification zone width of directional well control is 30m in the minimum unit, and the directional well internal diameter is at 150mm, and horizontal section length is 300m, creeps into along the oil shale bottom, apart from oil shale layer base plate 1m, connects with ignition well, between directional well and ignition well, arranges 3 auxiliary gasification wells; The ignition well hole diameter is 350mm, and the cave is made in the bottom, makes cave radius 600mm, height 2.5m; Auxiliary gasification well hole diameter is 250mm, and spacing is 70m, and the shaft bottom is 2m apart from the oil shale layer bottom.The dry distillation area width is 50m.Oil gas collection well hole diameter 350mm, between the spacing 60m, the shaft bottom gets into oil page or leaf layer top, and the shaft bottom is 1.5m apart from the oil shale layer top.In peupendicular hole, transfer temperature thermocouple.The original position panel makes up the back that finishes simultaneously in the ignition well igniting, and carry out reverse firepower and connect, the expansion gasification tunnel, combustion gasification gasification zone oil shale is produced shale gas then.Control gasification zone burning width, reach 15m after, stop gasification; Blast gasifying agent by the gasification well, improve gasification zone pressure, the high-temperature gas passes dry distillation area oil shale layer crack that the gasification zone is produced; Dry rectificating oil shale; The shale oil gas that produces is gone out by the oil gas collection well array of dry distillation area, after ground collection, condensation separation, obtains liquid rock oil and fuel gas.
Drilling well type oil shale original position gasification destructive distillation system petroleum system process step is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
Drilling well type oil shale original position gasification destructive distillation system petroleum system embodiment; Referring to accompanying drawing 1; Present embodiment is with the gasification heat release of the incendivity of oil shale own and produce the characteristic of high-temperature gas, sets up original position gasification destructive distillation panel in oil shale layer and sets up gasification zone and dry distillation area in that oil shale layer is staggered, through heat conduction, convection current self-heating mode dry rectificating oil shale layer; Produce shale oil and fuel gas, a plurality of gasification zones and dry distillation area are staggered and form drilling well type oil shale original position gasification destructive distillation system petroleum system.The gasification zone combustion gasification, at the produced simultaneously heat dry distillation area of producing shale gas, dry distillation area is produced shale oil gas, realizes the destructive distillation of original position self-heating.Control gasification zone oil shale combustion scope; Form the combustion dead zone in the dry distillation area both sides; Under ground pressure and high temperature action, impel dry distillation area to form abundant crack, the discharging that is used in heat transmission and shale oil gas is arranged; Replaced conventional high pressure pressure break method for destructive distillation, had the advantages that dry distillation efficiency height, energy consumption are low, be lowered into cost of production.
Said system has two directional wells that are arranged in parallel at least in oil shale layer; Said directional well comprises vertical shaft section and the net horizontal section that is interconnected; Said directional well horizontal segment is arranged on the oil shale layer bottom; The directional well horizontal segment is terminal to be provided with ignition well to ground, and the directional well horizontal segment between said directional well vertical shaft section and ignition well is provided with a plurality of auxiliary gasification wells to ground, and the zone that centers on the directional well horizontal segment is a dry distillation area; Form minimum gasification zone between two dry distillation areas, said gasification zone is provided with a plurality of oil gas collection wells to ground.
Generally; Distance between said two directional wells that are arranged in parallel is between 20m～80m, and said directional well diameter is 150mm～350mm, and directional well net horizontal section length is between 150m～500m; Said directional well net horizontal section is apart from oil shale layer bottom outer rim 0.2～3m; Said a plurality of auxiliary gasification well internal diameter is 150mm～350mm, and a plurality of auxiliary gasification well spacings are 40m～90m, and the ignition well internal diameter is 150mm～350mm; Be provided with radius more than or equal to 500mm in the ignition well bottom, the igniting cave of height 2m～10m in order to the placement seed material.Said oil gas collection well internal diameter is at 150mm～350mm, and oil gas collection well spacing is between 20m～60m, and oil gas collection well shaft bottom gets into the oil shale layer downward 1～5m in top.
Distance between said two directional wells that are arranged in parallel of present embodiment is at 50m, and said directional well internal diameter is at 150mm, and the directional well horizontal section length is 200m, and the directional well horizontal segment is outer rim 0.5m apart from the oil shale layer bottom, and said oil gas collection well is 4; Said auxiliary gasification well is 3, and auxiliary gasification well hole diameter is that 150mm, spacing are 50m; The ignition well hole diameter is 150mm, igniting cave radius 500mm, height 2m; Oil gas collection well hole diameter 150mm, between the spacing 50m, oil gas collection well shaft bottom is 1m apart from the oil shale layer top, and the dry distillation area width is 10m, in vertical vertical shaft, transfers temperature thermocouple.The vertical vertical shaft degree of depth is decided along with the buried depth of oil shale layer.
Embodiment 4:
Drilling well type oil shale original position gasification destructive distillation system petroleum system process embodiment; Referring to embodiment 3, said system has two directional wells that are arranged in parallel at least in oil shale layer, and said directional well comprises vertical shaft section and the net horizontal section that is interconnected; Said directional well horizontal segment is arranged on the oil shale layer bottom; The directional well horizontal segment is terminal to be provided with ignition well to ground, and the directional well horizontal segment between said directional well vertical shaft section and ignition well is provided with a plurality of auxiliary gasification wells to ground, and the zone that centers on the directional well horizontal segment is a dry distillation area; Form minimum gasification zone between two dry distillation areas, said gasification zone is provided with a plurality of oil gas collection wells to ground; Its gasification destructive distillation system oil gas process is:
A. the ignition well simultaneous ignition in the both sides, gasification zone; Transfer combustible material (easy-to-burn briquette etc.) and igniter to the bottomhole ignition cave at ignition well, oil shale layer is lighted;
B. blast oxygen concentration at 25～50% oxygen-enriched air at ignition well, give vent to anger and the directional well horizontal segment forms the fire district, rise to more than 1000 ℃ available gas component (H in the exit gas at well temperature by the directional well vertical shaft
2+ CO+CH
4) greater than 15%, then light a fire successfully;
C. when the bottom fire district of giving vent to anger form light a fire successfully after, carry out reverse firepower and connect, expand the destructive distillation passage that gasifies, promptly change by the directional well vertical shaft and blast gasifying agent, gasifying agent is an oxygen content at 25～50% oxygen-enriched air, flow is 500～3000Nm
3/ h, the gas mean flow rate forms dry distillation area at 2m/s in the zone around the directional well horizontal segment in the maintenance gasification tunnel; Realize reverse igniting, make burning things which may cause a fire disaster go into oil page or leaf layer point to directional well gradually and move, expand the gasification tunnel of directional well simultaneously, by the ignition well collection oil gas of giving vent to anger;
D. carry out by the directional well vertical shaft to the forward of ignition well gasification dry rectificating oil shale layer with by the reverse gasification dry rectificating oil shale layer of ignition well, perhaps the fixed point dry rectificating oil shale layer that gasifies to the directional well vertical shaft;
E. collect oil gas.
The original position panel makes up the back that finishes in the ignition well igniting, carries out reverse firepower and connects, expansion gasification destructive distillation passage; Forward, reverse and fixed point gasification dry rectificating oil shale layer then; Collect shale oil gas by each drilling well, after the condensation separation of ground, obtain liquid rock oil and fuel gas.
Wherein,
Said forward gasification dry rectificating oil shale layer is:
F. after dry distillation area forms width and is 10m～20m, from the directional well vertical shaft blast oxygen content at 35～80% oxygen-enriched air as gasifying agent, when the gasifying agent flow reaches 5000～10000Nm
3Behind/the h, ignition well is given vent to anger; Between directional well vertical shaft and ignition well, form combustion zone, reducing zone and dry distillation zone, the oil shale layer in the energy destructive distillation downstream that the combustion zone provides, the shale oil gas of formation is gone out by ignition well or auxiliary gasification well array, keeps air outlet temperature more than 300 ℃;
G. by the thermocouple measurement bottom hole temperature (BHT), when the combustion zone is advanced to apart from the auxiliary recently gasification downhole of directional well vertical shaft section, changes by this auxiliary gasification well and blast gasifying agent, make gasifying agent directly infeed the combustion zone, help improving combustion intensity and dry distillation area temperature; Other auxiliary gasification well is given vent to anger, and collects shale oil gas, after the condensation separation of ground, obtains liquid rock oil and fuel gas; And the like after the combustion zone is advanced to the last auxiliary gasification well, the dry rectificating oil shale layer oppositely gasifies.
With Fig. 1 is example, when the combustion zone is advanced to No. 1 well or 1 ' number downhole, changes by No. 1 well or 1 ' number well and blasts gasifying agent, makes gasifying agent directly infeed the combustion zone, helps improving combustion intensity and dry distillation area temperature; Give vent to anger at No. 2 wells or 2 ' number well, No. 3 wells or 3 ' number well, No. 4 wells or 4 ' number well, and collect shale oil gas, after the condensation separation of ground, obtain liquid rock oil and fuel gas.
And the like, when the combustion zone is advanced to No. 4 wells or 4 ' number downhole, changes by No. 4 wells or 4 ' number well and infeed gasifying agent, the dry rectificating oil shale layer oppositely gasifies.
Said reverse gasification dry rectificating oil shale layer is:
Behind forward gasification dry rectificating oil shale layer; Formed fiery district and fired dead zone, formation combustion dead zone, dry distillation area both sides in oily bottom, page or leaf layer gasification zone and dry distillation area both sides; Blast gasifying agent by ignition well, close directional well vertical shaft and other auxiliary gasification wells, improve gasification zone pressure gradually and reach more than the 1.5MPa; The gasification zone oil shale layer that burns away is collected shale oil gas from the oil gas collection well.
With Fig. 1 is example, through the forward gasification, and control gasification, and combustion gasification width; Formed fiery district and combustion dead zone in oil page or leaf layer bottom, gasification zone and dry distillation area both sides, after the dry distillation area both sides form the combustion dead zone, must form geostatic stress at dry distillation area and concentrate; Geostatic stress and with temperature action under; The dry distillation area oil shale layer is loosened, and permeability increases, and has improved oily page or leaf layer temperature; Blast gasifying agent by No. 4 wells or 4 ' number well, close directed vertical shaft well and other auxiliary gasification wells 1,1 ', 2,2 ', 3,3 ' number well, improve gasification zone pressure gradually; Reach more than the 1.5MPa; The gasification gasification zone oil page or leaf layer that burns away according to the permeability of oil shale, is confirmed pressure rating; The high-temperature gas that gasification is produced, main component is CO
2, N
2, H
2, CO, CH
4, by gasification zone infiltration process dry distillation area oil shale layer, the dry distillation area oil shale layer in the destructive distillation panel; Produce the shale oil steam; By the discharge of giving vent to anger of oil gas collection well, collect shale oil gas, with high-temperature gas after the condensation separation of ground; Obtain liquid rock oil and fuel gas, realize the thorough destructive distillation of the oil shale layer in the design panel.
Said fixed point gasification dry rectificating oil shale layer is:
Selection one to two is selected auxiliary gasification well and is blasted gasifying agent on directional well; Closing directional well vertical shaft, ignition well and all the other auxiliary gasification well raising vapor pressures reaches more than the 1.5MPa; Heat and high-temperature gas that gasification is produced are given vent to anger through the oil gas collection well through the dry distillation area oil shale layer again, realize the thorough destructive distillation of the oil shale layer in the design panel.
Claims (10)
1. drilling well type oil shale original position gasification destructive distillation system petroleum system; It is characterized in that, set up gasification zone and dry distillation area in oil shale layer, a plurality of gasification zones and dry distillation area are staggered and form drilling well type oil shale original position gasification destructive distillation system petroleum system; The gasification zone combustion gasification; At the produced simultaneously heat dry distillation area of producing shale gas, dry distillation area is produced shale oil gas, realizes the destructive distillation of original position self-heating; Oil shale combustion combustion scope in control gasification zone forms the combustion dead zone in the dry distillation area both sides, under ground pressure and high temperature action, impel dry distillation area to form abundant crack.
2. drilling well type oil shale original position gasification destructive distillation system petroleum system according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; The drilling well type oil shale original position of the minimum unit that said gasification zone and dry distillation area are made up of peupendicular hole control, dry distillation area between two directional wells the gasification zone of two directional wells control and at least destructive distillation system petroleum system that gasifies; A plurality of minimum units are combined into the large-scale production district, realize large-scale production.
3. drilling well type oil shale original position gasification destructive distillation system petroleum system according to claim 2; It is characterized in that the gasification zone of said directional well control has two at least, is arranged in the both sides of dry distillation area; Single gasification zone width is between 10m～30m; Length is between 150～500m, and directional well is apart from oil shale layer base plate 0.2～3m, and connects with ignition well; Between directional well and ignition well, arrange several auxiliary gasification wells, internal diameter is 150mm～350mm, and spacing is 40m～90m, and the shaft bottom is 1～5m apart from the oil shale layer bottom; The ignition well internal diameter is 150mm～350mm, is provided with radius greater than 500mm in the ignition well bottom, the igniting cave in order to the placement seed material of height 2～10m.
4. drilling well type oil shale original position gasification destructive distillation system petroleum system according to claim 2 is characterized in that said dry distillation area is between two directional wells, and width is 20m～80m; Be provided with the oil gas collection well to ground at dry distillation area, oil gas collection well internal diameter is in 150mm～350mm scope, and the well spacing is between 20m～60m, and the shaft bottom gets into the oil shale layer downward 1～5m in top.
5. drilling well type oil shale original position gasification destructive distillation system petroleum system and process thereof; It is characterized in that; Comprise the described drilling well type oil shale of claim 1 original position gasification destructive distillation system petroleum system, shale gas is produced in the simultaneous ignition of gasification zone, both sides, perforation and gasification; And control gasification zone burning width, form reasonably combustion dead zone scope.
6. drilling well type oil shale original position gasification destructive distillation system petroleum system according to claim 5 and process thereof; It is characterized in that, transfer combustible material and igniter to the bottomhole ignition cave, oil shale layer is lighted at ignition well; Blast oxygen concentration at 25～50% oxygen-enriched air by ignition well; Given vent to anger by directional well, fire is distinguished when forming at the directional well horizontal segment, temperature rises to more than 1000 ℃ available gas component (H in the exit gas
2+ CO+CH
4) greater than 15%, then light a fire successfully.
7. drilling well type oil shale original position gasification destructive distillation system petroleum system according to claim 5 and process thereof; It is characterized in that reverse firepower connects, expansion gasification destructive distillation passage; After the bottom fire district of giving vent to anger forms; Change by directional well and blast gasifying agent, gasifying agent is an oxygen content at 25～50% oxygen-enriched air, and flow is 500～3000Nm
3/ h keeps in the gasification tunnel gas mean flow rate below 2m/s, to realize reverse igniting, and it is mobile to make burning things which may cause a fire disaster go into oil page or leaf layer point to directional well gradually, expands the gasification tunnel of directional well simultaneously, by the ignition well collection oil gas of giving vent to anger.
8. drilling well type oil shale original position gasification destructive distillation system petroleum system according to claim 5 and process thereof; It is characterized in that; After expansion is accomplished, by directional well blast oxygen content at 35～80% oxygen-enriched air as gasifying agent, when the gasifying agent flow reaches 5000～10000 Nm
3Behind/the h, ignition well is given vent to anger; Between directional well vertical shaft and ignition well, form combustion zone, reducing zone and dry distillation zone, the oil shale layer in the energy destructive distillation downstream that the combustion zone provides, the shale oil gas of formation is gone out by ignition well or auxiliary gasification well array, keeps air outlet temperature more than 300 ℃; By the ignition well collection oil gas of giving vent to anger.
9. drilling well type oil shale original position gasification destructive distillation system petroleum system according to claim 5 and process thereof is characterized in that, burning width in control gasification zone forms reasonably combustion dead zone scope; According to the quality and the output of institute's produce oil gas, calculate the combustion volume of oil shale, in conjunction with the physical prospecting means, confirm gasification zone burning width and combustion dead zone scope; When gasification zone burning width reach design width 30%～50% the time, stop gasification, get into dry distillation area production.
10. drilling well type oil shale original position gasification destructive distillation system petroleum system process according to claim 5 is characterized in that, through gasification zone combustion gasification, control gasification zone burning width; Formed the combustion dead zone in the dry distillation area both sides,, above dry distillation area, formed geostatic stress and concentrate because of the existence of combustion dead zone, both sides; Under geostatic stress and high temperature action; The dry distillation area oil shale layer is loosened, and permeability increases, and has improved oily page or leaf layer temperature; When gasification zone burning width reach design width 30%～50% the time, stop gasification, all gasification wells all change the air inlet well into; Blast gasifying agent; Improve vapor pressure, heat that the gasification zone produced and high-temperature gas are brought up to the dry distillation area temperature more than 500 ℃ through the dry distillation area oil shale layer; Oil shale layer in the design dry distillation area is carried out thorough destructive distillation; The shale oil gas mixture to ground, is collected the shale oil gas mixture through the oil gas collection well array on ground, obtain shale oil and shale gas after the condensation separation.
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