CN102328081B - Method for rapidly forming three-dimensional metal parts by high-power lasers - Google Patents
Method for rapidly forming three-dimensional metal parts by high-power lasers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102328081B CN102328081B CN2011102883320A CN201110288332A CN102328081B CN 102328081 B CN102328081 B CN 102328081B CN 2011102883320 A CN2011102883320 A CN 2011102883320A CN 201110288332 A CN201110288332 A CN 201110288332A CN 102328081 B CN102328081 B CN 102328081B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- laser
- layer
- scanning
- forming
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for rapidly forming three-dimensional metal parts by high-power lasers, which can be used for directly manufacturing various metal parts with high precision, large sizes and complicated structures, and comprises the following steps: evenly paving a layer of metal powder on the surface of a substrate, and then, carrying out layer-by-layer melting and deposition on the metal powder in a protective cavity by using high-power density laser beams until the manufacturing of the whole three-dimensional metal parts is ended. The method for rapidly forming the three-dimensional metal parts by the high-power lasers is improved on the basis of an original rapid forming technology, i.e. an assembly comprising various laser devices or multiple laser devices is adopted to serve as an energy source, a high-power laser scanning vibration lens is adopted to carry out rapid scanning on the powder, and processes and methods of prearranging the paved powder, increasing the single-layer deposition thickness, increasing spot diameters and the like are adopted in the forming process, thereby, the problem that only small-sized metal parts can be formed or only simple parts can be formed in an approaching way by the traditional forming technology is effectively solved. Moreover, the precision of the formed parts is high, the mechanical property is good, and the forming time is short. The method for rapidly forming the three-dimensional metal parts by the high-power lasers adapts to large-scale production and application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of laser processing, be specifically related to a kind of method of preset paving powder formula high power laser light Quick-forming 3-dimensional metal part, the method is particularly useful for the Quick-forming of various large and complex structure metal parts.
Background technology
Laser melting coating (Laser Cladding) technology is to adopt the high-energy-density laser beam special material is melted and be covered in substrate surface, forms the surface modification technology process of metallurgical binding after the condensation of material of fusing with base material.The advantages such as this technology has that the cladding layer dilution rate is low, cladding layer composition and former cladding material approach, so the laser cladding of material that designability can be superior.Since the eighties development in last century, laser melting and coating technique has obtained commercial Application widely.Generally speaking, the material added during cladding can be even sheet material of metal dust, silk material, and wherein metal dust becomes principal mode because of its better adaptability.According to the difference of powder feed mode, laser melting and coating technique can be divided into again preset paving powder method and synchronous powder feeding system method.The former is before laser melting coating, and first (as thermal spraying or binding agent) is preset in base material or component surface by alloy powder in some way, then adopts laser beam to melt these preset coatings, obtains laser cladding layer after condensation; The latter is in the Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation substrate surface, and alloy powder is synchronously sent into to the laser irradiation zone, after powder smelting, condensation, forms cladding layer.Two kinds of methods respectively have characteristics, therefore obtain commercial Application in different fields respectively.
The Laser Rapid Prototyping Technique of metallic element is by laser melting coating and rapid prototyping (RapidPrototyping, RP) a kind of advanced manufacturing technology that technology combines, it can realize various 3-dimensional metal parts without mould, complete fine and close, high-performance Quick-forming.Its main process comprises: 1. in computer, generate the three-dimensional CAD physical model of part, then model is carried out to hierarchy slicing by thickness and the direction of appointment, the three-D profile information that is about to part is converted into two-dimensional silhouette information; 2. generate the two-dimensional shapes of appointment according to certain scanning pattern by the method for laser melting coating in substrate, repeat this process and successively pile up the formation Three-dimensional Entity Components.Since the nineties development in last century, this technology has obtained significant progress, in Aero-Space, mould production, medical science implantation, special material processing and other fields, demonstrates application prospect widely.
Similar to laser melting and coating technique, the laser rapid manufacturing technology of metallic element has two kinds of typical types, a kind of laser rapid manufacturing technology that is based on the fore-put powder coating, be called precinct laser fusion technology (Selective Laser Melting, hereinafter to be referred as the SLM technology); Another kind is based on the laser rapid manufacturing technology of synchronous powder feeding system, is called Direct Laser Fabrication Technology (Direct Laser Fabrication, hereinafter to be referred as the DLF technology).But the two has certain difference DLF and SLM on specific implementation method and effect.
The SLM technology is that to spread powder method laser melting coating be basis, the Laser Rapid Prototyping Technique that combines with rapid prototyping technology and form.Its detailed process is as follows: at first, on substrate, with scraper plate or roller paving layer of metal powder, then with the laser focusing bundle, according to certain scanning pattern, irradiate fast powder, the powder be irradiated to melts, solidifies, and forms sedimentary deposit.After sedimentary deposit forms, by the substrate decline height identical with powder deposition thickness (being slice thickness), then repave one deck powder and scanned, repeat such process until the formation of whole part.The SLM technology generally adopts the laser instrument that power is lower (50～300W) as energy source, and the focal beam spot diameter is generally tens of microns, and the thickness of preset paving powder is generally 10～100 μ m.These process characteristics of SLM technology occupy certain advantage when small-sized, the high accuracy of being shaped, labyrinth metal parts, and be in particular in: 1. forming accuracy is high.SLM technology monolayer deposition thin thickness, spot diameter is little, and this makes drip molding have good dimensional accuracy and surface roughness.And, in the laser forming process, the high-velocity scanning that moves through scanning galvanometer of laser beam completes, a series of characteristics such as and the rotary inertia of scanning galvanometer is little, the starting and stopping acceleration is large, and process velocity and redirect speed are fast, make SLM forming process sweep speed fast, positioning precision, forming accuracy are high.2. parts with complex structures can be shaped.Owing to adopting the paving powder system, during laser action, alloy powder remains static.Cause powder smelting when Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation on alloy powder bed surface and form molten bath when (being called static molten bath), surrounded by alloy powder around molten bath, it can support molten bath can not produce the phenomenon that collapses, so this technology parts with complex structures that can be shaped.
But, because SLM technology monolayer deposition thickness is lower, spot diameter also only has tens of microns, according to the basic principle of laser melting and coating technique, the laser power adopted generally also only needs 50～300W, causes so the overall manufacture efficiency of SLM technology lower.In other words, although the sweep speed of SLM technology is high, precision is high,, Stimulated Light is manufactured the restriction of efficiency, this technology micro metal parts that can only be shaped.For the direct Quick-forming of large scale, high accuracy, labyrinth metal parts, the SLM technology but can't be applied.Main cause is: the first, while adopting this technology the manufacturing cycle long, enterprise is difficult to bear; The second, manufacture process also may cause manufacturing parts performance that the differentiation that can not expect occurs for a long time, as large manufacture stress causes the parts distortion, makes subsequent technique to continue etc.
The DLF technology is to take synchronous powder feeding system formula laser melting coating as basis, and a kind of RP technique combined with rapid prototyping technology.Laser forming adds man-hour, and laser beam, according to predefined path, moves under the control of numerical control table, NC table, and substrate is carried out to two-dimensional scan processing.In the time of laser beam flying, metal dust is delivered directly in the molten bath that high power laser light forms on substrate by coaxial nozzle system, and by rapid melting, solidify and form one deck cladding layer, i.e. sedimentary deposit.After completing the shaping of one deck sedimentary deposit, powder jet and the focus lamp height identical with monolayer deposition thickness that together rise, the perhaps parts of substrate and the formed thereby height identical with monolayer deposition thickness that together descend, then continue the lower one deck of deposition, repeat this process until the formation of whole part.Because the DLF technology adopts the coaxial nozzle system conveying powder, in forming process, monolayer deposition thickness is higher, and thickness generally can reach 0.1～3.0mm, and for preventing the generation of spherodization, the focal beam spot diameter generally can reach 1.0～10.0mm.Therefore, according to the basic principle of laser melting and coating technique, the laser power adopted in forming process is higher, usually adopts Nd:YAG or CO
2laser instrument is as energy source, and power can reach several hectowatts to upper myriawatt.These process characteristics of DLF make this technology greatly improve aspect forming efficiency than the SLM technology, can be at the relatively short large-scale metal parts of time internal shaping, overcome can only the be shaped shortcoming of miniature parts of SLM technology.
But, because adopting coaxial nozzle conveying powder and digital control system, the DLF technology controls laser beam flying, alloy powder be under motion state with laser beam generation reciprocation, and fusing, solidification forming, make its forming effect compare and have larger difference with the SLM technology.Be mainly manifested in: 1. owing to adopting coaxial nozzle transferring metal powder, there is difference in height between the drop point of formed thereby metallic element and remaining powder, therefore molten bath can't obtain around the not support of melted alloy powder, be difficult to manufacture and there is suspended feature or radius of curvature is less, the metallic element of shape relative complex; 2. the characteristics of high-power, the large spot of DLF technology and dynamic pool, the time that makes molten bath exist is long, and heat accumulation is large, causes the forming accuracy of part and surface smoothness greatly to reduce, and part generally need to pass through further machining and could use; 3. manufacturing that some are large-scale, during baroque metallic element, the movement travel of lathe is short, needs frequent starting and stopping motor, drives working table movement.Because the acceleration of motor driven systems is low, the scanning pattern of laser beam is short again, so the actual scanning speed of Digit Control Machine Tool is very limited, causes adopting DLF technology (for example thin-wall construction) when the molding large precision parts, deposition efficiency is on the low side, and manufacturing cost is high.Therefore, the same with the SLM technology, the DLF technology can't realize the Quick-forming of large scale, high accuracy, labyrinth metal parts equally.
In sum, the shortcoming existed separately due to SLM technology and DLF technology, making existing Laser Rapid Prototyping Technique is not the precision manufacture that is confined to the small size labyrinth metallic element of SLM technology, be confined to exactly the manufacture of the large scale simple structure metallic element blank of DLF technology, and can't high efficiency, high power, produce and have that size is large, precision is high, the metallic element of three characteristic features of complex structure concurrently accurately, restricted it and more be widely used in the manufacture of various parts.
Summary of the invention
For solving an above-mentioned difficult problem, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of the high power laser light Quick-forming 3-dimensional metal part based on paving powder mode, the method has high efficiency, high power, high-precision quick manufacture characteristic simultaneously, both can the various large and complex structure metallic elements of Quick-forming, can obtain again dimensional accuracy and surface roughness preferably simultaneously, and forming speed is fast, the time is short, forming efficiency is high, good mechanical performance, low cost of manufacture.
The method of a kind of laser fast forming 3-dimensional metal part provided by the invention is characterized in that the method comprises the steps:
The 1st step: set up three-dimensional CAD model according to formation of parts, and carry out the processing of hierarchy slicing discretization with Slice Software, obtain each layer of laser beam scan path;
The 2nd step: substrate is fixed on liftable platform, and the powder that is 0.1～2.0mm in substrate surface uniform spreading a layer thickness with scraper plate, roller or automatic powder feeding device;
The 3rd step: according to pre-set scanning pattern, adopt single or multiple laser scanning galvanometers to be scanned the powder on substrate, make powder smelting and solidify, form sedimentary deposit, machined parameters: single beam laser power is 1.5～20kW, the focal beam spot diameter is 0.5～10.0mm, and overlapping rate is 15%～30%, and sweep speed is 100～800mm/s;
The 4th step: by the substrate decline height identical with the monolayer deposition layer thickness, and repave the powder that a layer thickness is 0.1～2.0mm on sedimentary deposit;
The 5th step: laser beam is according to predefined scanning pattern, under the control of described scanning galvanometer, the powder reinitialized is scanned, make powder smelting and solidify, form new sedimentary deposit, machined parameters: single beam laser power is 1～18kW, the focal beam spot diameter is 0.5～10.0mm, and overlapping rate is 15%～30%, and sweep speed is 150～1000mm/s;
The 6th step: repeat 4th～5 steps, layer by layer deposition until whole 3 d part manufacture complete.
The present invention selects and comprises that combination that peak power is greater than the semiconductor laser of 1kW, Nd:YAG laser instrument, optical fiber laser or multi-station laser is as energy source, and adopts single or adopt a plurality of high power laser light scanning galvanometers to carry out rapid scanning to powder simultaneously.In forming process, adopted preset paving powder, increase monolayer deposition thickness, strengthened technique and the methods such as focal beam spot diameter, increasing laser power, guaranteed the Quick-forming of various large-scale metallic elements, and forming accuracy has been high, the manufacturing cycle is short.
Particularly, the present invention has following technique effect:
1. than SLM and DLF technology, the present invention adopts preset paving powder formula high power laser light Quick-forming, there is obvious high efficiency, high power, high-precision quick manufacture characteristic, can produce and possess that size is large, precision is high, the metallic element of three characteristic features of complex structure simultaneously, and curring time is short, efficiency is high.This is the characteristics that SLM technology and DLF technology do not possess.
2. than original SLM technology, guaranteeing under the enough prerequisites of laser power density, the methods such as monolayer deposition thickness, laser power, spot diameter, sweep speed have been taked to increase considerably, particularly the spot diameter maximum can reach 10mm, exceed 100～500 times even higher than existing SLM technology, therefore significantly increased the forming efficiency of forming efficiency, especially large parts.Make the mode of preset paving powder, selective melting can be directly, efficient, the various large and complex structure metal parts of Quick-forming, effectively overcome can only the be shaped difficult problem of miniature parts of traditional SLM technology.
3. than synchronous powder feeding system formula DLF technology molding large metal parts, the present invention adopts preset paving powder formula laser fast forming, its molten bath is inactive state, and not molten powder is arranged as support, therefore can be shaped and there is the large-scale three dimensional labyrinth metal parts of unsettled, deep camber feature arbitrarily, and forming accuracy is high, effectively overcome can only the be shaped difficult problem of simple blank part of DLF technology.
4. than the DLF technology, the present invention has adopted the high power laser light scanning galvanometer to be scanned powder.When the molding large metal parts, the starting and stopping acceleration of scanning galvanometer is large, sweep speed and redirect speed are fast, can guarantee the high sweep speed of laser beam, forming accuracy is high, effectively overcome that the acceleration of DLF technology when the molding large part is low, process velocity is limited, the difficult problem that the part manufacturing cycle is long, manufacturing cost is higher.
5. the present invention, according to the size of formation of parts breadth, selects the mode of single galvanometer, two galvanometer and the combination of many galvanometers to be scanned, the mode that adopts multiple head laser simultaneously to scan flexibly.It can guarantee to test and can carry out smoothly when shaping large format or even super large breadth hardware, can save a large amount of process times again, reduces costs.
6. with the DLF technology, with the SLM technology, compare, the present invention has good processing flexibility equally, but in the situation that without the labyrinth metal parts of the various large-scale high-precisions of any mould direct forming, best bright finish.
7. with the DLF technology, with the SLM technology, compare, the present invention has typical rapid melting rapid solidification features equally, so the part machinery performance of formed thereby is good, and crystal grain is tiny, and density is nearly 100%, and the forging of the more identical materials of mechanical property such as intensity and plasticity is good.
The specific embodiment
The method of a kind of preset paving powder formula Laser Rapid Forming Metal Part provided by the invention, comprise the steps:
The 1st step: set up three-dimensional CAD model according to formation of parts, and carry out the processing of hierarchy slicing discretization with Slice Software, obtain each layer of laser beam scan path, and by the control system of related data input forming equipment;
The 2nd step: substrate that will be after treatment is fixed on liftable platform, and with roller or scraper plate at substrate surface uniform spreading one deck powder, paving powder thickness is 0.1～2.0mm;
The 3rd step: according to pre-set scanning pattern, adopt single or multiple high power laser light scanning galvanometers (power is 1～20kW) to carry out rapid scanning to the powder on substrate, make the powder rapid melting and solidify, form sedimentary deposit.Machined parameters: single beam laser power is 1.5～20kW, and the focal beam spot diameter is 0.5～10.0mm, and overlapping rate is 15%～30%, and sweep speed is 100～800mm/s;
The 4th step: by the substrate decline height identical with the monolayer deposition layer thickness, and repave one deck powder on sedimentary deposit, thickness is identical with last layer;
The 5th step: laser beam, according to predefined scanning pattern, carries out rapid scanning to the powder reinitialized under the control of scanning galvanometer, makes the powder rapid melting and solidifies, and forms new sedimentary deposit.Machined parameters: single beam laser power is 1～18kW, and the focal beam spot diameter is 0.5～10.0mm, and overlapping rate is 15%～30%, and sweep speed is 150～1000mm/s;
The 6th step: repeat the 4th, 5 steps, layer by layer deposition, until whole 3 d part manufacture completes, cuts down it after part is cooling from substrate.According to the difference of selected dusty material, whole laser forming process will be carried out in different protection cavitys.
In order to realize better the present invention, under the prerequisite that the breadth depth ratio in molten bath is certain when keeping being shaped, described single berth powder thickness and spot diameter can be selected flexibly according to the feature of formation of parts.When shaping thin-wall construction metal parts, single berth powder thickness is 0.1～0.5mm, and the focal beam spot diameter is 0.5～2.5mm; When the hardware of molding large, shape relative complex, single berth powder thickness is 0.5～1.0mm, and the focal beam spot diameter is 2.5～5.0mm; And when shaping ultra-large type simple knot member, single berth powder thickness 1.0～2.0mm, the focal beam spot diameter is 5.0～10.0mm.
In order to realize better the present invention, described high power laser light scanning galvanometer can, according to the size of formation of parts breadth, select the form of single, double, even many galvanometer combinations to carry out rapid scanning.If, while adopting the mode of two galvanometers or the combination of many galvanometers to be scanned, should make the zone of each vibration mirror scanning about equally.
In order to realize better the present invention, according to the requirements of combination of scanning galvanometer, can select to comprise that the combination of separate unit semiconductor laser, Nd:YAG laser instrument, optical fiber laser or multi-station laser is as energy source.The corresponding single scanning galvanometer of separate unit laser instrument, the corresponding a plurality of scanning galvanometer combinations of multi-station laser combination.
In order to explain the present invention, below by being explained by embodiment, but following examples are only illustrative, and protection scope of the present invention is not subject to the restriction of these embodiment.
Embodiment 1: the preset paving powder of the latticed thin-walled parts of a kind of large-size stainless steel formula laser fast forming method, and step comprises:
(1) set up the three-dimensional CAD model of this part and be stored as the STL formatted file, with the Quick-forming Slice Software, carrying out the processing of layering discretization, obtaining each layer of laser beam scan path, and by the control system of related data input forming equipment.
(2) stainless steel substrate that is 10mm by thickness is arranged on liftable platform after surface preparation, and with scraper plate, roller or automatic powder feeding device at substrate surface uniform spreading one deck powder of stainless steel, powder thickness is 0.1mm.
(3) adopt semiconductor laser as energy source, adopt single high power scanning galvanometer, according to pre-set scanning pattern, the powder bed preset is carried out to rapid scanning, make the powder rapid melting and solidify, form sedimentary deposit.Machined parameters: the laser beam power output is 1.5kW, and the focal beam spot diameter is 0.5mm, and overlapping rate is 15%, and sweep speed is 100mm/s.
(4) by platform together with the substrate height identical with the monolayer deposition layer thickness that descend, and again spread one deck powder on sedimentary deposit, powder thickness is identical with last layer.
(5) laser beam is scanned this layer of powder according to new scanning pattern, makes powder melt fully and solidify, and forms new sedimentary deposit.Machined parameters: the laser beam power output is 1kW, and the focal beam spot diameter is 0.5mm, and overlapping rate is 15%, and sweep speed is 150mm/s.
(6) repeat (4)～(5) step, layer by layer deposition, until whole 3 d part manufacture completes, is then closed laser instrument and control system, after part is cooling, it is cut down from substrate.Whole laser forming process is carried out in the protective atmosphere cavity.
Embodiment 2: the preset paving powder of a kind of large-scale nickel base superalloy thin-walled parts formula laser fast forming method, and step comprises:
(1) set up the three-dimensional CAD model of this part and be stored as the STL formatted file, with the Quick-forming Slice Software, carrying out the processing of layering discretization, obtaining each layer of laser beam scan path, and by the control system of related data input forming equipment.
(2) the nickel base superalloy substrate that is 20mm by thickness is arranged on liftable platform after surface preparation, and with scraper plate, roller or automatic powder feeding device at substrate surface uniform spreading one deck Ni-base Superalloy Powder powder, powder thickness is 0.3mm.
(3) adopt the Nd:YAG laser instrument as energy source, adopt single high power scanning galvanometer, according to pre-set scanning pattern, the powder bed preset is carried out to rapid scanning, make the powder rapid melting and solidify, form sedimentary deposit.Machined parameters: the laser beam power output is 4.5kW, and the focal beam spot diameter is 1.5mm, and overlapping rate is 20%, and sweep speed is 200mm/s.
(4) by platform together with the substrate height identical with the monolayer deposition layer thickness that descend, and again spread one deck powder on sedimentary deposit, powder thickness is identical with last layer.
(5) laser beam is scanned this layer of powder according to new scanning pattern, makes powder melt fully and solidify, and forms new sedimentary deposit.The laser beam power output is 4kW, and the focal beam spot diameter is 1.5mm, and overlapping rate is 20%, and sweep speed is 300mm/s.
(6) repeat (4)～(5) step, layer by layer deposition, until whole 3 d part manufacture completes, is then closed laser instrument and control system, after part is cooling, it is cut down from substrate.Whole laser forming process is carried out in the protective atmosphere cavity.
Embodiment 3: a kind of preset paving powder of stainless steel thin-wall part formula laser fast forming method with deep camber feature, and step comprises:
(1) set up the three-dimensional CAD model of this part, and part deep camber shape is partly added after the zigzag thin-walled supports and is stored as the STL formatted file, with the Quick-forming Slice Software, above-mentioned data are carried out to the processing of layering discretization, obtain each layer of laser beam scan path data, and by the control system of related data input forming equipment.
(2) stainless steel substrate that is 30mm by thickness is arranged on liftable platform after surface preparation, and with scraper plate, roller or automatic powder feeding device at substrate surface uniform spreading one deck powder of stainless steel, powder thickness is 0.5mm.
(3) adopt optical fiber laser as energy source, adopt single high power scanning galvanometer, according to pre-set scanning pattern, the powder bed preset is carried out to rapid scanning, make the powder rapid melting and solidify, form sedimentary deposit.Machined parameters: the laser beam power output is 8.5kW, and the focal beam spot diameter is 2.5mm, and overlapping rate is 20%, and sweep speed is 400mm/s.
(4) height identical with the monolayer deposition layer thickness together with substrate decline by platform, and again spread one deck powder on sedimentary deposit, powder thickness is identical with last layer.
(5) laser beam is scanned this layer of powder according to new scanning pattern, makes powder melt fully and solidify, and forms new sedimentary deposit.Machined parameters: the laser beam power output is 8kW, and the focal beam spot diameter is 2.5mm, and overlapping rate is 20%, and sweep speed is 500mm/s.
(6) repeat (4)～(5) step, layer by layer deposition, until whole 3 d part manufacture completes, is then closed laser instrument and control system, after part is cooling, it is cut down from substrate, and removes the supporting construction of thin-wall part in manufacture process.Whole laser forming process is carried out in the protective atmosphere cavity.
Embodiment 4: a kind of preset paving powder of large aluminum alloy structural member formula laser fast forming method with suspended feature.
Adopt DLF or SLM technique direct forming, be difficult to manufacture the large aluminum alloy structural member with suspended feature.But, adopt the present invention can complete this technique.Concrete steps are as follows:
(1) set up the three-dimensional CAD model of this part, and, after the structural member overhanging portion is added to zigzag thin-walled supporting construction, be stored as the STL formatted file; Carry out the processing of layering discretization with the Quick-forming Slice Software, obtain each layer of laser beam scan path, and by the control system of related data input forming equipment.
(2) aluminium alloy base plate that is 40mm by thickness is arranged on liftable platform after surface preparation, and with scraper plate, roller or automatic powder feeding device at substrate surface uniform spreading one deck Al alloy powder, powder thickness is 0.8mm.
(3) adopt optical fiber laser as energy source, adopt single high power scanning galvanometer, according to pre-set scanning pattern, the powder bed preset is carried out to rapid scanning, make the powder rapid melting and solidify, form sedimentary deposit.Machined parameters: the laser beam power output is 11kW, and the focal beam spot diameter is 4.0mm, and overlapping rate is 20%, and sweep speed is 800mm/s.
(4) height identical with the monolayer deposition layer thickness together with substrate decline by platform, and again spread one deck powder on sedimentary deposit, powder thickness is identical with last layer.
(5) laser beam is scanned this layer of powder according to new scanning pattern, makes powder melt fully and solidify, and forms new sedimentary deposit.Machined parameters: the laser beam power output is 10kW, and the focal beam spot diameter is 4.0mm, and overlapping rate is 20%, and sweep speed is 1000mm/s.
(6) repeat (4)～(5) step, layer by layer deposition, until whole 3 d part manufacture completes, is then closed laser instrument and control system, after part is cooling, it is cut down from substrate, and removes the thin-walled supporting construction.Whole laser forming process is carried out in the protective atmosphere cavity.
Embodiment 5: the preset paving powder of a kind of large format alloy complex structural member formula laser fast forming method, and step comprises:
(1) set up the three-dimensional CAD model of this part and be stored as the STL formatted file, with the Quick-forming Slice Software, carrying out the processing of layering discretization, obtaining each layer of laser beam scan path, and by related data input forming apparatus control system.
(2) titanium alloy substrate that is 40mm by thickness is arranged on liftable platform after surface preparation, and with scraper plate, roller or automatic powder feeding device at substrate surface uniform spreading one deck titanium alloy powder, powder thickness is 1.0mm.
(3) adopt two optical fiber lasers as energy source, laser beam is imported respectively to two high power scanning galvanometers, the zone of the whole two dimensional surface 1/2 of single vibration mirror scanning.According to predefined scanning pattern, the powder bed preset is carried out to rapid scanning, make the powder rapid melting and solidify, form sedimentary deposit.Machined parameters: the single beam laser power output is 16kW, and the focal beam spot diameter is 5.0mm, and overlapping rate is 25%, and sweep speed is 500mm/s.
(4) height identical with the monolayer deposition layer thickness together with substrate decline by platform, and again spread one deck powder on sedimentary deposit, powder thickness is identical with last layer.
(5) laser beam is scanned this layer of powder according to new scanning pattern, makes powder melt fully and solidify, and forms new sedimentary deposit.Machined parameters: the single beam laser power output is 15kW, and the focal beam spot diameter is 5.0mm, and overlapping rate is 25%, and sweep speed is 600mm/s.
(6) repeat (4)～(5) step, layer by layer deposition, until whole 3 d part manufacture completes, is then closed laser instrument and control system, after part is cooling, it is cut down from substrate.Whole laser forming process is carried out in the protective atmosphere cavity.
Embodiment 6: the preset paving powder of a kind of super large breadth titanium alloy simple knot member formula laser fast forming method, and step comprises:
(1) set up the three-dimensional CAD model of this part and be stored as the STL formatted file, with the Quick-forming Slice Software, carrying out the processing of layering discretization, obtaining each layer of laser beam scan path, and by related data input forming apparatus control system.
(2) titanium alloy substrate that is 50mm by thickness is arranged on liftable platform after surface preparation, and with scraper plate, roller or automatic powder feeding device at substrate surface uniform spreading one deck titanium alloy powder, powder thickness is 2.0mm.
(3) adopt many high power diode lasers as energy source, laser beam is imported respectively to four high power scanning galvanometers, the zone of the whole two dimensional surface 1/4 of single vibration mirror scanning.According to predefined scanning pattern, the powder bed preset is carried out to rapid scanning, make the powder rapid melting and solidify, form sedimentary deposit.Machined parameters: the single beam laser power output is 20kW, and the focal beam spot diameter is 10.0mm, and overlapping rate is 30%, and sweep speed is 600mm/s.
(4) height identical with the monolayer deposition layer thickness together with substrate decline by platform, and again spread one deck powder on sedimentary deposit, powder thickness is identical with last layer.
(5) laser beam is scanned this layer of powder according to new scanning pattern, makes powder melt fully and solidify, and forms new sedimentary deposit.Machined parameters: the single beam laser power output is 18kW, and the focal beam spot diameter is 10.0mm, and overlapping rate is 30%, and sweep speed is 800mm/s.
(6) repeat (4)～(5) step, layer by layer deposition, until whole 3 d part manufacture completes, is then closed laser instrument and control system, after part is cooling, it is cut down from substrate.Whole laser forming process is carried out in the protective atmosphere cavity.
The present invention is improved on original RP technique basis, select and comprise that peak power is greater than the combination of the semiconductor laser of 1kW, Nd:YAG laser instrument, optical fiber laser or multi-station laser as energy source, adopted preset paving powder in forming process, increased monolayer deposition thickness, increased technique and the methods such as spot diameter, high power laser light galvanometer rapid scanning, guaranteed that quick, the high accuracy of various large and complex structure metal parts is shaped.Effectively overcome SLM technology can only closely the be shaped shortcoming of simple part of micro metal part and DLF that can only be shaped.The specific embodiment of the invention also not only is confined to above-mentioned a kind of in for example, all can implement the present invention by selecting different powder, powder bed thickness and different laser processing technology parameters, and can reach good invention effect.
Claims (1)
1. the method for a laser fast forming 3-dimensional metal part, is characterized in that, the method comprises the steps:
The 1st step: set up three-dimensional CAD model according to formation of parts, and carry out the processing of hierarchy slicing discretization with Slice Software, obtain each layer of laser beam scan path;
The 2nd step: substrate is fixed on liftable platform, and with scraper plate, roller or automatic powder feeding device at substrate surface uniform spreading one deck powder, when shaping thin-wall construction metal parts, single berth powder thickness is 0.1～0.5mm; When the hardware of molding large, shape relative complex, single berth powder thickness is 0.5～1.0mm; And when shaping ultra-large type simple knot member, single berth powder thickness 1.0～2.0mm;
The 3rd step: according to pre-set scanning pattern, adopt single or multiple laser scanning galvanometers to be scanned the powder on substrate, make powder smelting and solidify, form sedimentary deposit, machined parameters: single beam laser power is 1.5～20kW, overlapping rate is 15%～30%, and sweep speed is 100～800mm/s; When shaping thin-wall construction metal parts, the focal beam spot diameter is 0.5～2.5mm; When the hardware of molding large, shape relative complex, the focal beam spot diameter is 2.5～5.0mm; And, when shaping ultra-large type simple knot member, the focal beam spot diameter is 5.0～10.0mm;
The 4th step: by the substrate decline height identical with the monolayer deposition layer thickness, and repave one deck powder on sedimentary deposit, powder thickness is identical with last layer;
The 5th step: laser beam is according to predefined scanning pattern, under the control of described scanning galvanometer, the powder reinitialized is scanned, make powder smelting and solidify, form new sedimentary deposit, machined parameters: single beam laser power is 1～18kW, overlapping rate is 15%～30%, and sweep speed is 150～1000mm/s; When shaping thin-wall construction metal parts, the focal beam spot diameter is 0.5～2.5mm; When the hardware of molding large, shape relative complex, the focal beam spot diameter is 2.5～5.0mm; And, when shaping ultra-large type simple knot member, the focal beam spot diameter is 5.0～10.0mm;
The 6th step: repeat 4th～5 steps, layer by layer deposition until whole 3 d part manufacture complete;
High power laser light scanning galvanometer used, according to the size of formation of parts size, breadth, selects the form of single, double or many galvanometer combinations to carry out rapid scanning; If, while adopting the mode of two galvanometers or the combination of many galvanometers to be scanned, make the zone of each vibration mirror scanning about equally;
Requirements of combination according to scanning galvanometer, selection comprises that the combination of separate unit semiconductor laser, Nd:YAG laser instrument, optical fiber laser or multi-station laser is as energy source, the corresponding single scanning galvanometer of separate unit laser instrument, the corresponding a plurality of scanning galvanometer combinations of multi-station laser combination.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011102883320A CN102328081B (en) | 2011-09-26 | 2011-09-26 | Method for rapidly forming three-dimensional metal parts by high-power lasers |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011102883320A CN102328081B (en) | 2011-09-26 | 2011-09-26 | Method for rapidly forming three-dimensional metal parts by high-power lasers |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102328081A CN102328081A (en) | 2012-01-25 |
| CN102328081B true CN102328081B (en) | 2013-12-25 |
Family
ID=45480191
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011102883320A Active CN102328081B (en) | 2011-09-26 | 2011-09-26 | Method for rapidly forming three-dimensional metal parts by high-power lasers |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102328081B (en) |
Families Citing this family (44)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102554474A (en) * | 2012-03-05 | 2012-07-11 | 刘继常 | Method for directly manufacturing porous part of complicated cavity by using laser |
| CN103008657A (en) * | 2013-01-13 | 2013-04-03 | 北京科技大学 | Method for preparing oxide dispersion strengthened alloy by rapid forming |
| CN103173760A (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2013-06-26 | 张翀昊 | Method for improving compactness of 3D (three dimensional) printing metal part by adopting second laser beam |
| CN103231056B (en) * | 2013-05-13 | 2015-05-27 | 苏州大学 | Direct laser forming method for unequal-width member |
| EP3007879B1 (en) | 2013-06-10 | 2019-02-13 | Renishaw Plc. | Selective laser solidification apparatus and method |
| GB201310398D0 (en) | 2013-06-11 | 2013-07-24 | Renishaw Plc | Additive manufacturing apparatus and method |
| CN103433487A (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2013-12-11 | 沈阳工业大学 | Method for improving surface evenness of laser rapid forming metal part |
| CN103552244B (en) * | 2013-11-04 | 2016-06-08 | 北京工业大学 | 3D laser print apparatus based on multi-laser scanning system |
| US10328685B2 (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2019-06-25 | General Electric Company | Diode laser fiber array for powder bed fabrication or repair |
| CN103774137A (en) * | 2014-01-17 | 2014-05-07 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Method for performing laser cladding by using multiple lasers |
| CN104028758B (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2016-01-20 | 成都三鼎日新激光科技有限公司 | A kind of heat sink preparation method |
| CN104148776B (en) * | 2014-08-12 | 2018-08-24 | 新疆大学 | The method of built-up welding forming metal parts based on metal powder support |
| CN104209516B (en) * | 2014-08-13 | 2016-06-22 | 东莞劲胜精密组件股份有限公司 | A kind of method of contoured beam antenna or circuit on plastic casing |
| CN104190929A (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2014-12-10 | 丹阳惠达模具材料科技有限公司 | 3D printing forming method and device for metal parts under action of magnetic field |
| CN104404440A (en) * | 2014-09-25 | 2015-03-11 | 江苏华冶科技有限公司 | Furnace roller processing method |
| JP6843756B2 (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2021-03-17 | アディティブ インダストリーズ ビー．ブイ． | Equipment for manufacturing objects by laminated modeling |
| CN104498942B (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2017-06-27 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of method of laser fast forming desired height metal foil wall pieces |
| CN104708003B (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2017-03-08 | 西安铂力特激光成形技术有限公司 | A kind of picosecond laser Compound Machining SLM device and laser fast forming method |
| CN104959599B (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2017-04-12 | 大连理工大学 | Method for quickly forming complex curved surface metal thin-wall element through lasers |
| WO2017025148A1 (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2017-02-16 | Trumpf Laser- Und Systemtechnik Gmbh | Method and device for laser build-up welding |
| CN106541133B (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2018-08-21 | 首都航天机械公司 | A kind of method of in-situ preparation auxiliary support structure |
| WO2017050226A1 (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2017-03-30 | 重庆塞拉雷利科技有限公司 | Method of laser-forming aluminum |
| CN105386037B (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2018-03-09 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of method that functionally gradient part is shaped using precinct laser fusion forming technique |
| CN105772721A (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-07-20 | 周宏志 | Light-spot-size-variable scanning path generation method based on additive manufacturing |
| JP6732502B2 (en) | 2016-03-31 | 2020-07-29 | キヤノン株式会社 | 3D modeling method, program, recording medium, and 3D modeling apparatus |
| JP2017179575A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2017-10-05 | キヤノン株式会社 | Three-dimensional molding device and three-dimensional molding method |
| CN105834426B (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2018-12-21 | 苏州大学 | Cavity part laser 3D forming technology |
| CN108374170B (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2019-07-09 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | A kind of coating method of only solder flux |
| CN107186214B (en) | 2017-04-25 | 2018-06-26 | 江苏大学 | A kind of laser heating power successively interacts the method and combination unit of increasing material manufacturing |
| CN108500264A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-09-07 | 佛山市领卓科技有限公司 | A kind of aluminium alloy increasing material manufacturing technique |
| CN108500265A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-09-07 | 长沙大衡智能科技有限公司 | A kind of 6061 aluminium alloy laser gain material manufacturing process |
| CN108274001A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-07-13 | 佛山市领卓科技有限公司 | A kind of TC4 titanium alloys laser gain material manufacturing process |
| CN108405858A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-08-17 | 苏州市皎朝纳米科技有限公司 | A kind of titanium alloy increasing material manufacturing technique |
| CN108356267A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-08-03 | 中山太桂电子科技有限公司 | A kind of magnesium alloy increasing material manufacturing technique |
| CN108480633B (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2019-09-17 | 江苏海宇机械有限公司 | A kind of pair of flat metal part is along grain direction precinct laser fusion manufacturing process |
| CN109513931B (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2021-04-27 | 福州大学 | Control method for additive manufacturing residual thermal stress and induced deformation thereof |
| CN109972004A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-07-05 | 广西大学 | A kind of rare earth Sc Modification on Al-Si-Mg alloy and preparation method thereof |
| FR3095973B1 (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2021-05-07 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Additive manufacturing process for a metal part |
| CN110640139B (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2022-02-08 | 黑龙江科技大学 | Processing method for eliminating stress of powder-spreading type 3D printing workpiece with assistance of laser |
| CN113681894B (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2023-05-09 | 广东汉邦激光科技有限公司 | Scanning line quality optimization method, scanning line quality optimization device and printer |
| CN112404454A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-02-26 | 西北工业大学 | Laser additive manufacturing method of NiTi alloy with large recoverable strain |
| CN113322459B (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2022-08-05 | 华中科技大学 | Method for preparing particle-reinforced composite coating and product |
| CN113732309A (en) * | 2021-08-29 | 2021-12-03 | 北京工业大学 | Additive manufacturing method capable of simultaneously improving forming precision and forming efficiency |
| CN114939653B (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2023-12-05 | 苏州大学 | Multi-principal element alloy for inhibiting 3D printing cold and hot cracks and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007169683A (en) * | 2005-12-20 | 2007-07-05 | Canon Inc | Apparatus for forming film, method therefor, aligner, and method for manufacturing device |
| CN1932082A (en) * | 2006-10-12 | 2007-03-21 | 沈阳大陆激光成套设备有限公司 | Fast laser depositing process of preparing antinwear heat resistant composite coating on surface of crystallizer |
| CN101338425A (en) * | 2008-08-07 | 2009-01-07 | 沈阳大陆激光成套设备有限公司 | Laser fusing and coating process of wear resistant and anticorrosion alloy coatings at surface of slide plate of railroad turnout |
-
2011
- 2011-09-26 CN CN2011102883320A patent/CN102328081B/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102328081A (en) | 2012-01-25 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102328081B (en) | Method for rapidly forming three-dimensional metal parts by high-power lasers | |
| CN203807559U (en) | Laser additive manufacturing equipment of metal components | |
| CA2717834C (en) | Method to apply multiple materials with selective laser melting on a 3d article | |
| CN103726049B (en) | A kind of laser gain material manufacture method and equipment of metal parts | |
| CN109202082B (en) | Additive, equal-material and subtractive composite metal 3D laser forming device and method thereof | |
| CN102179517A (en) | Laser-induction hybrid melting direct forming method and device | |
| CA2932620C (en) | Diode laser fiber array for powder bed fabrication or repair | |
| CN107262713A (en) | Coaxial powder-feeding laser-impact forges Compound Machining building mortion and method in a kind of light | |
| CN202291409U (en) | Selective laser melting rapid molding equipment for directly fabricating large-sized parts | |
| CN109926584A (en) | A kind of increasing material manufacturing and surface polishing synchronous processing method and device | |
| EP3181272A1 (en) | Synchronous powder-feeding space laser machining and three-dimensional forming method and device | |
| CN102139415B (en) | Vascular stent cutting device and vascular stent cutting method | |
| CN104190931A (en) | Method and device for manufacturing efficient and high-precision composite additive | |
| CN110369725A (en) | Near-net-shape method and device based on laser increase and decrease material composite manufacturing delicate workpieces | |
| CN202052935U (en) | Laser-induction hybrid melting direct-forming device | |
| CN105562688A (en) | Manufacture of a component through selective laser melting | |
| CN102266942A (en) | Selective laser melting rapid forming device for directly manufacturing large-size parts | |
| CN106944622A (en) | A kind of selective laser fusing is combined many material shaped devices and forming method with wire feed | |
| WO2010125381A1 (en) | Additive layer fabrication method | |
| CN109530922A (en) | A kind of synchronization laser polishing method based on existing laser gain material equipment | |
| CN103495729A (en) | Laser three-dimensional forming method of large-size titanium-aluminum-based alloy | |
| CN109175367B (en) | Additive and equal-material composite metal 3D laser forming device and method thereof | |
| CN108526824B (en) | Micropore composite processing method | |
| WO2020058722A1 (en) | A powder bed: additive manufacturing | |
| CN103071795B (en) | Mobile galvanometer selective laser melting SLM former |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20160523 Address after: 200002 No. 110 middle Sichuan Road, Shanghai Patentee after: Shanghai electric (Group) Corporation Address before: 430074 Hubei Province, Wuhan city Hongshan District Luoyu Road No. 1037 Patentee before: Huazhong University of Science and Technology |
|
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20210129 Address after: Building 511, 1076 Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200093 Patentee after: SHANGHAI TECHGIIELASER TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Address before: 200002 No. 110 middle Sichuan Road, Shanghai Patentee before: SHANGHAI ELECTRIC GROUP Co.,Ltd. |
|
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |