CN102255352A - Distributed intelligent power battery pack management system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a distributed intelligent power battery pack management system, which is used for managing a battery pack through upper and lower layers. The upper layer comprises a main control module. The lower layer comprises a voltage temperature acquisition module, a current acquisition module, a balanced protection module and an insulated detection module. Ten strings of monomer batteries in each battery pack are matched with one voltage temperature acquisition module and one balanced protection module. The output end of the whole battery pack is also matched with one current acquisition module and one insulated detection module. The system has the characteristics of easiness in expansion, convenience for connection, data isolation, stability, reliability and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of power battery group management device of electric vehicles, particularly a kind of distributed intelligence power battery group management system.
Background technology
In the face of environmental pollution, global warming, energy starved pressure, national governments, enterprise drop into a large amount of manpower and materials electric automobile are researched and developed.At present, under the dual promotion in support of national science and technology project emphasis and market, the new type lithium ion electrokinetic cell has all been obtained major progress in key technology, critical material and product research.The performance of monomer dynamic lithium battery can satisfy instructions for use substantially.Though the dynamic lithium battery purchase cost still is higher than lead-acid battery, the comprehensive economy in Life cycle considers that its cost is well below lead-acid battery.Because previous stage, the emphasis of dynamic lithium battery development concentrated in key technology, critical material and the product development, dynamic lithium battery application technology is not in groups paid attention to accordingly, causes dynamic lithium battery system integration key technology, key components and parts and product research seriously to lag behind the development of battery technology.The current technology and equipment of non-tight flooded batteries such as plumbic acid that will be applicable to mostly is used for dynamic lithium battery, thereby cause that the part battery cell overcharges in charge and discharge process, problem such as overdischarge, overcurrent and overtemperature, make battery be subjected to grievous injury, battery security declines to a great extent, significantly shorten useful life, even serious accident such as battery burning, blast happens occasionally.
The battery management system of high-performance, high reliability (BMS) can make battery obtain best performance under various conditions of work.Battery management system not only will be monitored charging and discharging currents, total voltage, monomer voltage and the remaining capacity SOC of batteries of electric automobile; also to carry out high voltage protective, electric weight equilibrium; also to predict the power level of battery simultaneously; so that the behaviour in service of monitoring battery; enough power outputs are provided when automobile starting and acceleration; battery pack can reclaim more energy during brake, and enough input powers promptly are provided, and battery pack is not damaged.
In 2009 04 phases of Agricultural University Of South China's journal " based on the cell management system of electric automobile of ARM and the CAN " literary composition, data acquisitions such as cell voltage, electric current, temperature are calculated SOC and realized the CAN communication, but do not consider series battery unbalanced problem in use, and the battery matching problem, system's later stage uses and can tentatively expose the problem that exists.
In 2011 the 34th volume first phases of modern electronic technology " based on the battery management system design of the Freescale single-chip microcomputer " literary composition; data such as battery master data voltage, electric current, temperature are gathered; but do not consider of the threat of battery high pressure in the article to car load safety; on high voltage protective, do not take measures; lower floor's acquisition module adopts the integrated A/D voltage acquisition of single-chip microcomputer precision low, all can be under some influence when calculating SOC and doing balance protection.At present other pertinent literatures are seldom mentioned insulation protection implementation method and battery health degree evaluation method, and the method for the compensation of battery pack is also lacked reality, feasible scheme.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is constantly increases in pure electric automobile at existing electrokinetic cell; system voltage improves; battery divides dumb; the problem that high-voltage safety is had relatively high expectations; a kind of power battery management system is proposed; this system can not only measure the performance state of monomer electricity core; and can carry out the protection of secondary balance protection, secondary super-charge super-discharge to cell, can effectively reduce the fluctuation of vehicle electric system voltage; and, guarantee the safe operate as normal of battery pack by insulation detection and the control of high pressure break-make.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
System of the present invention; be to adopt multi-zone supervision; the management of electrokinetic cell is divided into the upper strata main control module; lower floor comprises voltage temperature acquisition module, current acquisition module, balance protection module, insulation monitoring module; in each battery pack 10 string cell is joined a voltage temperature acquisition module and a balance protection module, also joins a current acquisition module and an insulation monitoring module at the output of whole battery group.Last Battery pack is a battery backup, is used for systems stabilisation voltage, also is furnished with a voltage temperature acquisition module and balance protection module and compensating switch.Insulation monitoring module detects the insulation resistance of battery pack positive and negative electrode and car body, and measures the power-supply system total voltage; All modules of lower floor also possess the isolated can bus interface with outside entire car controller and charger communication by internal system CAN and upper strata main control module communication on the main control module.
The main control module ECU of above-mentioned upper strata battery management is made of 2 road CAN transceivers (as 82C250), 2 road optical coupling isolation circuits (as 6N137), clock and eeprom circuit, FLASH data storage circuitry (as K9F1208), protection executive circuit, bluetooth communication circuit and 16 automotive grade microcontroller (as MC9S12DG128) embedding 2 road CAN.Wherein the transmitting-receiving line of the CAN0 module of 16 8-digit microcontrollers links to each other with isolation module 6N137, and the power supply of isolation module adopts different DC-DC to isolate and is connected to outside CAN bus by transceiver; Its inner CAN4 module is connected to outside CAN bus interface by the same manner.Real-time clock PCF8563T links to each other with the spi bus of microcontroller with EEPROM storage chip 24C64, accurate recording power down time when real-time clock is mainly used in SOC calculating, and be stored among the EEPROM and call when subsystem powers on down, guarantee the accuracy of SOC algorithm, the data/address bus D0-D7 of microcontroller links to each other with the FLASH storage chip respectively with read-write control line, be used for preserving each image data in real time, and send to the external data analysis platform by bluetooth module.
The microcontroller of above-mentioned main control module is also exported 6 tunnel control signals that are used for other performers, and wherein the first via and the second tunnel is used to control the cooling system and the heating system of storage battery, guarantees that battery pack is operated in normal temperature range; The Third Road signal is used for controlling the high pressure on-off switch, is used for protecting when the insulation detection failure, also can cut off the main-circuit protection battery in overcharging or putting excessively; The four road signal is used to control the lower module on/off, guarantees can recover operate as normal by timely hardware electrification reset when acquisition module goes wrong in system.
The above-mentioned ECU(electronic control unit of the voltage acquisition module of layer managing system down) 8 8-digit microcontrollers, CAN controller (as SJA1000), CAN isolator (as 82C250) and AD Acquisition Circuit module (ILC7135), the temperature acquisition transducer main devices such as (as DS18B20) by a SST89E516RD2 constitutes.Ten road of battery analog voltage signals link to each other with the light-coupled isolation device of ten tunnel 2 passages respectively (as AQW241E) wherein, optocoupler is chosen by 138 decoders of 2 parallel connections, and can guarantee that synchronization only chooses one the tunnel, be that synchronization has only the positive and negative two-stage of a cell to be access in, high four A12-A15 of the address bus by microcontroller decipher selection to 138; Wherein the negative pole of cell links to each other in the power supply ground of voltage acquisition module, and positive pole links to each other with the collection voltage input end of AD chip.
Wherein the data/address bus D0-D7 of microcontroller links to each other with the address/data bus AD0-AD7 of CAN chip (SJA1000) respectively, also links to each other with the A0-A7 of the cache chip (as LVT245) of rotary coded switch simultaneously, and the sheet of CAN chip and cache chip selects pin also to link to each other with 138 decoders.
Above-mentioned balance protection module and voltage temperature acquisition module are configured on the Battery pack simultaneously; the equilibrium of management 10 string cells; the series connection of balance protection module inserts in the loop of battery pack; the balance protection module adopts protection IC to realize the protection of cell super-charge super-discharge; can open equalizing resistance when monomer battery voltage transfinites, realize charge balancing.
The above-mentioned current acquisition module of layer managing system down and the ECU of insulation monitoring module are made of microcontroller SST89E516RD2, current acquisition module of battery management system configuration and insulation monitoring module, insulation monitoring module inside also is furnished with one road voltage detection unit, can detect the total voltage of car load battery pack, with the calculated data of current detection module data while as SOC.The internal resistance measuring circuit of insulation monitoring module can accurately be measured the insulation resistance of battery pack both positive and negative polarity and car body shell.The current acquisition module is measured the discharge total current of battery pack by the external impressed current Hall element.Two modules all are that the data/address bus D0-D7 by MCU links to each other with the address/data bus AD0-AD7 of SJA1000, adopt 82C250 to constitute the CAN node circuit as the CAN transceiver.
The present invention has the following advantages:
The present invention has the CAN bus interface with outside other ECU communications, mainly realizes two-layer charge protection, two-stage discharge prevention, function such as two-stage balance protection, discharge compensation, battery health scale are fixed.
For battery backup, in discharge process, cross and put or damage when having detected battery, and current SOC value 60%, battery backup can compensate online switching and enable battery backup, and it is too big to make supply voltage be unlikely to fluctuation.The purpose that plays the protection battery and prolong the continuation of the journey mileage.In charging process, when the SOC of battery backup value was identical with battery pack SOC value, compensating switch was connected, and regulated charging voltage and electric current by main control module and charger communication.
Management system realizes the secondary charge protection: wherein the balance protection module is cut off the charging of a battery pack by the break-make of control MOFSET pipe; Main control module is then according to the size of the SOC value of battery pack, send control information (following the national standard agreement) for non-onboard charger, send instructions to rechargable battery and realize step charge control, electric current, voltage, (constant current, constant voltage, trickle charge) that the control charging should be used.When monomer voltage＜2.6 V, adopt constant current 1/5C charging, when monomer voltage〉during 2.6V, adopt constant current 1/3C charging, voltage〉3.6 volume constant voltage charges, voltage〉3.65 trickle charges, voltage〉3.7 stop charging, these parameters all can require by the communication of main control module and external ECU change to be set according to battery performance.
Management system realizes the secondary discharge prevention: wherein when the balance protection module records cell voltage＜2.5V, and by the break-make of control MOFSET pipe, the discharge of a battery pack of cut-out; Main control module is then according to the size of the SOC value of battery pack, send control signal to electric machine controller, if SOC＜10%, the internal resistance of battery pack increases heating and increases, the main control module of battery management system sends instructions to entire car controller, thereby restriction motor power output makes motor discharging current＜1/5C.If SOC＜5%, the battery management system main control module sends instructions to entire car controller, makes the motor trickle discharge or stops discharge.
Management system realizes the secondary equalizing charge: when the balance protection module detects the monomer battery voltage difference〉0.5 volt; insert equalizing resistance (30 Europe; 5 watts) shunt; this piece battery charge speed is slowed down; when voltage difference＜0.5 of all batteries volt (hardware relatively); disconnect equalizing resistance, unify charging for whole group.Can allow battery be filled to more than 99% like this.
Management system realizes demarcating the battery health degree: by realize the statistics and analysis to critical datas such as cell degradation degree, battery charging and discharging number of times, cell super-charge super-discharge number of times in main control module, thereby estimate the health degree of every cell, for the consistency and the battery cell optimization in Properties of battery pack proposed reliable foundation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall structure theory diagram of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of lower floor of the present invention voltage temperature acquisition module.
Fig. 3 is the software flow pattern of lower floor of the present invention voltage temperature acquisition module.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of lower floor of the present invention insulation monitoring module.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of upper strata of the present invention main control module.
Fig. 6 is the software flow pattern of upper strata of the present invention main control module.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
As shown in Figure 1; the overall structure theory diagram of the embodiment of the invention; its overall structure is that two-layer layering CAN network is realized transfer of data and data isolation, and inner CAN bus connects voltage temperature acquisition module, current acquisition module, insulation protection module, the balance protection module of lower floor.Adopt twisted-pair feeder CAN bus network, the data such as temperature, assembled battery total voltage, total current, insulation resistance of gathering voltage, the battery pack of every cell from battery pack send to the upper strata main control module in real time by the CAN bus, and main control module receives and storage data according to agreement.Main control module can insert compensating circuit in the main circuit at any time according to control strategy.
Outside its network topology structure of CAN of main control module is star-like and bus is mixed, all CAN networks all adopt the CAN2.0B agreement, outside and entire car controller communication CAN interface protocol satisfies SAE J1939 agreement, and the charger communications protocol satisfies the communication protocol between National Standard cell management system of electric automobile and the non-vehicle-mounted charge machine " agreement.
As shown in Figure 2, the embedded microcontroller that the voltage temperature acquisition module ECU of the embodiment of the invention is adopted is the SST89E516RD2 single-chip microcomputer, the program storage of its built-in 64KB and the data RAM of 256B, the house dog (WDT) of band internal programmable and support power-down mode and external interrupt wakeup; 10 cells of each voltage temperature acquisition module ECU management, its function is for detecting the voltage and the temperature information of 10 cells, and the twisted-pair feeder CAN bus of this information by management system sent to upper strata main control module ECU, the voltage of 10 tunnel battery pack is respectively through inserting the A/D input of high-precision A/D modular converter ICL7135 behind light-coupled isolation and the voltage modulate circuit; The same road of the holding wire access embedded microcontroller SST89E516RD2 of No. 2 temperature sensors can drive the I/O mouth of big electric current.On acquisition module, use the DC/DC power supply in addition, make the acquisition module power supply more stable, can better adapt to vehicle environment.Use rotary coded switch, make the user can manually set the address of each voltage acquisition module, in the time must changing battery module, revolve sign indicating number, can add or change other initiate battery modules, and needn't change the CAN address as long as revolve sign indicating number by manual adjustments.By being used in combination of AQW214EH photo-coupled relay (having two-way gating function) and 138 choosings, safe and reliable introduces AD with each end-point voltage of battery pack successively according to the sampling period.Gating time short (μ s level), hardware guarantee that synchronization only may be connected into one group of voltage, can be owing to program error makes battery short circuit.(the AQW214EH photo-coupled relay comes the both positive and negative polarity of each battery of line selection by enable signal energy while gating two-way.) 4 half double integrator AD of employing high accuracy ICL7135.The voltage transitions precision is 0.1mV, range 0-5V, and conversion speed is 40ms.Temperature acquisition uses the DB18B20 digital thermometer, and the scope of application-55 is to 125 degrees centigrade, 0.1 degree centigrade of precision (theoretical accuracy is 0.0625, the calculating of rounding off in the reality).SJA1000T independence can controller is adopted in the CAN communication, supports hot plug (soft bits rate detection), and bit rate can reach 1Mbits/s.Compatible CAN2.0B agreement.
As shown in Figure 3, the software flow pattern of the voltage temperature acquisition module of the embodiment of the invention, flow process is divided into two parts, a part is carried out flow process for order, another part is for interrupting carrying out flow process, the voltage temperature acquisition module is after inserting the CAN bus and working on power, at first microcontroller SST89E516RD2 is carried out chip initiation, comprise interruption, house dog (WDT) of chip internal etc., and outside CAN control chip (as SJA1000) and A/D conversion chip (as ICL7135) carry out initialization.Because this module need be supported in the hot plug on the inner CAN bus, so will after initialization, the bit rate to the CAN bus detect coupling automatically, can become a CAN node of existing network after the match is successful, according to the setting of user to rotary coded switch, the ID of battery that acquisition module is managed, promptly lower module with the unique identification of upper strata main control module communication.Acquisition module is main in main flow realizes that the real-time collection and the transmission of voltage and temperature data cause the upper strata main control module, the flag bit of query argument configuration and sleep operation, and carry out corresponding operation.When main control module sent the dormancy instruction to lower module after, acquisition module stopped data collection task and enters battery saving mode, and after main control module sent instruction by the CAN bus once more, acquisition module can continue to resume work.
As shown in Figure 4, the embedded microcontroller that insulation monitoring module ECU adopted of the embodiment of the invention is the SST89E516RD2 single-chip microcomputer, the entire cell management system is joined an insulation monitoring module, this module can the inspection vehicle body case and the insulation resistance of battery pack positive and negative polarities, and put less than setting at insulation resistance and to report to the police, so that in time fix a breakdown, prevent the high pressure electric shock accidents.
Total positive pole of battery pack, total negative pole insert insulation monitoring module by lead, the shell of insulation monitoring module adopts iron-clad and is connected with the car body shell, the car body shell inserts by module housing like this, three-route is passed through insulation resistance measurement circuit then, insert the voltage modulate circuit by 2 road optocoupler gating chips (AQW214EH) at last, by A/D ICL7135 conversion, MCU reads voltage data and calculates, effective insulation resistance of positive and negative electrode and car body shell again.The total voltage of battery pack is changed by accurate bleeder circuit and voltage modulate circuit access A/D simultaneously, total voltage that like this can the accurate Calculation battery pack, can reduce to calculate the error of total voltage by monomer voltage, improve the certainty of measurement of total voltage, also improved the estimation precision of SOC simultaneously.Insulation monitoring module is also hung into inner CAN bus by external CAN controllers SJA1000 and CAN transceiver 82C250.
As shown in Figure 5, the embedded microcontroller that the upper strata main control module ECU of the embodiment of the invention is adopted is 16 single-chip microcomputer MC9S12DG128MPVE of Freescale, and this chip has stronger data-handling capacity and controlled function.Its inner integrated 2 road CAN controller has convenient, flexible, low in energy consumption, the low noise and other advantages of use of programming.Two CAN passages are realized the main control module and the inner CAN bus communication of acquisition module of battery guard system, optimize the battery management system structure.Clock frequency used under same speed is much lower than 51 Series of MCU, thereby makes high-frequency noise low, and antijamming capability is strong, is more suitable in industrial control field and abominable automotive environment.S12 MCU bus frequency is 25MHz, convenient balanced control algolithm and the multibus Communication Control that realizes some complexity.
Also insert real-time timepiece chip and EEPROM storage chip by iic bus in the MCU periphery, the RX of 2 road CAN connects different transceivers through light-coupled isolation respectively with the TX pin and constitutes inside and outside pair of CAN communication network.The power supply of optocoupler and system power supply realize isolating fully by 2 road DC/DC, have guaranteed the reliable and stable of communicating circuit.6 tunnel control signals of main control module are also passed through optical coupling isolation circuit and power driving circuit respectively, realize the security control to peripheral performer.The data/address bus D0-D7 of main control module links to each other with the FLASH storage chip respectively with read-write control line, is used for preserving in real time each image data, and bluetooth module is connected with MCU by the SCI universal serial bus.
As shown in Figure 6, the main control module software flow sketch of the embodiment of the invention.The main control module software flow is divided into two parts in the drawings, and a part is a discharge flow path, and a part is a charging flow, and it mainly is that the data that lower module sends are carried out analytical calculation and made corresponding control, and groundwork is accurate Calculation SOC.
After powering at first to single-chip microcomputer kernel (bus frequency, interruption etc.) carry out initialization, then to 2 road CAN module controllers of the inside of DG128, the IIC controller, UART controller etc. carries out initialization, pass through the SOH(battery health degree of the super-charge super-discharge Data Update battery of battery cell then) data, beginning initialization battery data, and read the data of EEPROM by IIC, as dump energy last time, down time (being the self-discharge of battery time), the temperature effect coefficient of battery, parameters such as cycle-index, the self discharge coefficient that recycles the number of times counting cell by battery health degree SOH and battery, by the self discharge time, last time relevant parameter such as dump energy and self discharge coefficient, SOC value when calculating automobile and starting once more, and by judging down time, if surpass 24 hours down time, then can revise current SOC value with the corresponding relation of open circuit voltage and SOC.
The current state of master control module judges battery afterwards; enter the flow process of different conditions; by real-time integration to discharge or charging current voltage; calculate the electric weight of charging and discharge; and carry out feedback operation by the data of lower floor's acquisition module in real time; if in charged state; value according to SOC; the control charger carries out the charging of different electric currents to battery under different SOC; send instructions to charger and realize segmented charging control; both can guarantee under the less situation of battery electric quantity that charging did not damage battery; can when surpassing the setting limit value, monomer battery voltage carry out the dynamic equilibrium that trickle charge realizes the cell electric weight again; and instruct for lower floor's balance protection module transmission and open harmless balancing energy electric current, finally stop charging instruction in the super transmission that stops to prescribe a time limit of monomer voltage.When main power source SOC is identical with stand-by power supply SOC, can connect the stand-by power supply charging during each the charging.
If in discharge condition; value according to SOC; under different SOC, electric machine controller is carried out Communication Control; when SOC can be by sending the power output that instruction reduces motor during less than set point; the assurance battery pack is discharged in the normal current scope and is prevented to damage battery; a plurality of SOC discharge controlling grade can be set; finally can send instruction and stop the motor power output; when putting battery pack SOC〉50%; and batteries monomer is when damaging brownout, and the balance protection module can be cut off the electric current output of institute's control battery group, and controller can be connected the balancing battery group simultaneously; prevent the system voltage bust, guarantee that automobile can even running.
Receiving outside CAN when interrupting, carry out message analysis, if main control module request msg, then all data such as cell voltage, electric current, temperature, SOC being pressed SAE J1939 agreement sends, if the shutdown command of main control module then will be carried out the storage of shutdown and prepare and prepare shutdown.
Through actual test and application proof, the battery management system of the embodiment of the invention can reliable and stable operation in pure electric sedan and pure electric coach, especially in distributing the pure electric coach that looses, battery can effectively save wiring space, be convenient for changing acquisition module, the estimation precision of SOC is higher.
Claims (3)
1. distributed intelligence power battery group management system, it is characterized in that: the management system of described battery pack adopts divides upper and lower layer-management, the upper strata is a main control module, lower floor comprises voltage temperature acquisition module, current acquisition module, balance protection module, insulation monitoring module, in each battery pack 10 string cell is joined a voltage temperature acquisition module and a balance protection module, also joins a current acquisition module and an insulation monitoring module at the output of whole battery group; Last Battery pack is a battery backup, also is furnished with a voltage temperature acquisition module and balance protection module and compensating switch; All modules of lower floor also possess the isolated can bus interface with outside entire car controller and charger communication by internal system CAN and upper strata main control module communication on the main control module.
2. a kind of distributed intelligence power battery group management according to claim 1 system, it is characterized in that: the embedded microcontroller that described upper strata main control module adopts is 16 single-chip microcomputer MC9S12DG128MPVE, its inner integrated 2 road CAN controllers, S12 MCU bus frequency is 25MHz, also insert real-time timepiece chip and EEPROM storage chip in the MCU periphery by iic bus, the RX of 2 road CAN connects different transceivers through light-coupled isolation respectively with the TX pin and constitutes inside and outside pair of CAN communication network, the power supply of optocoupler and system power supply realize isolating fully by 2 road DC/DC, 6 tunnel control signals of main control module are also passed through optical coupling isolation circuit and power driving circuit respectively, the image data of main control module is preserved in real time, uploads real time data by bluetooth module.
3. a kind of distributed intelligence power battery group management according to claim 1 system, it is characterized in that: the embedded microcontroller that described voltage temperature acquisition module adopts is the SST89E516RD2 single-chip microcomputer, the program storage of its built-in 64KB and the data RAM of 256B, the house dog WDT of band internal programmable and support power-down mode and external interrupt wakeup; On acquisition module, use the DC/DC power supply, by being used in combination of AQW214EH photo-coupled relay and 138 choosings, each end-point voltage of battery pack is introduced AD successively according to the sampling period, and SJA1000T independence can controller is adopted in the CAN communication, supports that hot plug is the soft bits rate detection.
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