CN101950998B - Charging system of electric vehicle internet of things - Google Patents
Charging system of electric vehicle internet of things Download PDFInfo
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- CN101950998B CN101950998B CN2010102751952A CN201010275195A CN101950998B CN 101950998 B CN101950998 B CN 101950998B CN 2010102751952 A CN2010102751952 A CN 2010102751952A CN 201010275195 A CN201010275195 A CN 201010275195A CN 101950998 B CN101950998 B CN 101950998B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a charging system of electric vehicle internet of things. A three-stage framework of internet of things comprises a vehicle internet of things, a battery internet of things, and a charging facility network, entities in each network are all provided with unique electronic label chips so as to identify identities and record respective character information of the entities, and the entities can carry out information exchange with each other and gather information to a monitoring center so that the monitoring center can carry out intelligent charging/discharging management. In the invention, decoupling is realized between the charging time as well as place of the batteries and vehicle power services, and the charging/discharging operation of the batteries can be flexibly arranged; the invention supports that a user can carry out self charging by means of charging piles distributed in a remote control way, and the user can enjoy freedom and service to the maximum degree as long as corresponding information is recorded and exchanged; and the platform of internet of things realizes the full-scale collection and sharing of information, which makes providing more complex and advanced services for clients possible.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric automobile Internet of Things charging system, belong to the charging electric vehicle technical field.
Background technology
Electric automobile especially pure electric automobile wants to come into common people house, must be by charging network easily.At present, countries in the world are also actively being formulated electric automobile and are being rewarded and the popularization policy, help electric automobile to realize commercial operation early.
China is starting the charging station construction upsurge, how to make rational planning for and builds the charging network towards masses, becomes the hot issue that people pay close attention to.
China has become the fastest-rising country of automobile pollution in the world.At the beginning of 2010, the sale of automobile amount surpasses the U.S. first becomes the first in the world.From the pillar industry of automobile industry, and the gap of the automobile pollution of China and developed country as China's economy, estimate one period from now on, China's automobile pollution will keep the growth that continues.At present the gasoline of China 85% is by automobile consumption, and China is as the poor relatively country of petroleum resources, and the external interdependency of oil had surpassed 50% in 2009, and serious threat is to Chinese energy safety.Greatly developing new-energy automobile has become China's reply climate change and important measures that promote energy-saving and emission-reduction, is that the new-energy automobile of representative will become the development in future trend and direction with the electric automobile." thousand in ten cities " energy-conservation and new forms of energy plan was carried out by National Ministry of Finance, the Department of Science and Technology in the whole nation in 2008, and National Ministry of Finance estimates to drop into 2,000 hundred million yuan and is used for promoting and using new-energy automobile.Along with the increasing of China's pure electric automobile R&D intensity, technical barriers such as the battery of pure electric automobile, motor are captured one by one, and it is ripe that the pure electric automobile technology has been tending towards.
Electric automobile wants to replace traditional fuel-engined vehicle must solve the energy resource supply problem.The power resources of electric automobile if there is not charging network rationally distributed, very well equipped, will reduce the convenience that electric automobile uses in on-vehicle battery greatly, seriously undermine the market competitiveness of electric automobile, the popularization and the development of restriction electric automobile.
At present, countries such as the U.S., France, Germany, Britain, Canada have all built up charging electric vehicle facility separately, are main with charging pile mainly.
China's electric automobile charging station pilot is confined to electronic bus mostly or in-group is used car, so China does not also build up real charging station service network towards different user.
The kind that the construction scheme of electrically-charging equipment should take into full account electric automobile with and the requirement of going.According to traditional thinking, bus, municipal environmental sanitation vehicles vehicle line are fixed, and can utilize existing parking lot to build charging station, adopt to be changed to the mode that main combination is filled soon soon, guarantee the cruising and the work of vehicle.And government's officer's car, enterprise's commercial car, Demonstration Garden are with operation areas such as car fixed set relatively; Then can be or enterprise gathers near zone, electric automobile charging station is built in the fair central area in government centralized office work place; Employing is main with trickle charge, in conjunction with filling soon or the mode of quick change.But for to taxi, private car etc.; Because working line is uncertain with the zone; Should in Public Parking such as airport, railway station, hotel, hospital, shopping center, supermarket or parking stall, sub-district, build a large amount of charging piles, adopt and fill soon or the mode of trickle charge is charged to vehicle.
The electric automobile commercial operation needs multiple strength support; Different according to main body participant in the operation process, the commercial operation pattern of electric automobile charging station mainly contains four kinds on government-dominant type, charging system affiliated enterprise leading type, social undertakings leading type and motor vehicle user-driven type at present.
Because domestic electric automobile and charging station commercial operation also are at an early stage of development the exploratory stage, therefore, specifically adopt which kind of operation way, must consider the development degree of electric automobile and the operation characteristic of different electric electrical automobile.Yet, the proposition that Israel Better Place company is initiative run the charging electric vehicle business as the operation mobile phone, the new direction of charging electric vehicle technology and operation mode has been proposed with a new way.Yet,, be its obstacle of comprehensively implementing how from the operation way that technical standpoint is realized and support is new so always.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of electric automobile Internet of Things charging system; How extensive charging business with the solution electric automobile provides flexible, safe and effective energy storage and power supply service to electrical network, and the professional problem how the uninterruptible power service more fast is provided to the user easily of charging.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, electric automobile Internet of Things charging system of the present invention comprises:
The automobile Internet of Things; Wherein every electric automobile comprises vehicle-mounted managing chip and vehicle mobile terminals; Said vehicle-mounted managing chip is used to write down electric automobile characteristic separately, and said vehicle mobile terminals is used for the operation of collection, wireless information interaction and the client software of electric automobile during traveling data;
The battery Internet of Things, wherein each piece battery all comprises battery management chip, this chip is used to write down brand, type, capacity, the useful life of himself and discharges and recharges the number of times characteristic information;
The electrically-charging equipment network; Electrically-charging equipment comprises charging pile, electrical changing station and concentrated charging station; And every kind of electrically-charging equipment comprises the electrically-charging equipment chip, is used to write down capacity, position, the state characteristic information of electrically-charging equipment, and carries out the mutual of data with battery management chip;
Surveillance center; Comprise monitoring substation and master station; The monitoring substation is used to gather the automobile information of all electrically-charging equipment chips in the guarded region, the transmission of vehicle-mounted managing chip; Said master station is used to receive, store the data that upload the monitoring substation, and according to the operation that data monitoring of uploading and the electrically-charging equipment of planning whole system discharge and recharge, allocates the distribution of battery between each charging station;
Said automobile Internet of Things, battery Internet of Things, electrically-charging equipment network are connected with the Surveillance center communication through each vehicle-mounted managing chip, battery management chip, electrically-charging equipment chip respectively.
Further, the vehicle-mounted managing chip in the said automobile Internet of Things embeds in the Vehicular battery management system, and said vehicle-mounted managing chip contains the unique identifier VEHICLE_ID of vehicle.
Further, said vehicle-mounted managing chip comprises VEHICLE_ID authentication module, automobile characteristic records module and safe access authentication module.
Further, said vehicle-mounted managing chip is used for registration of vehicle different characteristic separately, like power consumption, loading capacity, the total kilometres number of automobile.
Further; Said vehicle mobile terminals comprises information of vehicles output and battery information input module, VEHICLE_ID and the vehicle feature module that is connected with vehicle-mounted managing chip, battery management chip communication through interface respectively; And vehicle operation data acquisition module, GPS locating module, electrically-charging equipment situation describing module and VEHICLE_ID authentication module, the above-mentioned functions module all links to each other with the primary control program module.
Further; Said battery management chip comprises BATTERY_ID authentication module, Vehicular data recording module, record of charging module and battery data logging modle; This battery data logging modle is connected with said Vehicular data recording module, BATTERY_ID authentication module both-way communication, and said record of charging module is connected with the communication of BATTERY_ID authentication module.
Further, said electrically-charging equipment chip has unique identification code MACHINE_ID.
Further, said monitoring substation also is used for and the electric automobile real time communication, the processing running data that go in this zone, sends information needed to electric automobile.
Further, the operational management function of said master station comprises intelligent charge unit, scheduling batteries unit, and the intelligent charge unit is used to monitor and plans the operation that the electrically-charging equipment of whole system discharges and recharges; The scheduling batteries unit is according to distribution and the flow regime of all batteries of information monitoring between each charging station of collected GIS-Geographic Information System GIS, according to the flow of automobile with to the planning of the reverse sale of electricity of electrical network, the distribution of allotment battery between each charging station.
Further, said master station also comprises the charge accounting functional unit, this unit be used for according to sales contract carry out in real time and user vehicle between charging and clearing; Carrying out electric weight with grid company as required resolves; Simultaneously, because a large amount of battery pack can be used as energy storage device and distributed power source to the anti-electric energy that send of electrical network in the charging station, the clearing to the reverse sale of electricity of grid company also will be handled simultaneously in this unit.
Electric automobile Internet of Things charging system of the present invention is the basis with the technology of Internet of things; Built towards the professional Internet of Things of electric automobile through the information interaction channel of erecting between automobile, battery and the electrically-charging equipment; Through the information integrated supervisory control system that passes to of Internet of Things is carried out the integrated management operation, and the technology of realization and electrical network is integrated and information interaction.In force, through setting up the Internet of Things operator of a sole duty, user oriented provides the replacing service of standard cell, and the user does not need the wait to the charging interval, does not also need oneself to buy battery.Through the data message that exchanges between automobile, battery and the charger, can carry out various necessary charge accountings and management function.Simultaneously, because on charging interval of battery and place, realized the decoupling zero with the automobile power service, that can arrange battery more flexibly in order discharges and recharges operation (intelligent charge management), to satisfy the particular demands of electrical network.In addition, also can support the user through independently being charged by the distributed charging pile of Long-distance Control, as long as corresponding information obtains record with mutual, the user can enjoy free to greatest extent and service.In the present invention, no matter be the information of automobile, battery, charger or electrical network because the Platform Implementation of Internet of Things comprehensive collection and share, make that complicacy and senior service become possibility for the client provides more.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the Internet of Things configuration diagram of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is that the auxiliary operation system of the embodiment of the invention constitutes sketch map;
Fig. 3 is the intelligent charge management sketch map of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the vehicle-mounted managing chip functional block diagram of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the vehicle mobile terminals functional block diagram of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is the standard cell managing chip functional block diagram of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 is the intelligent charge administrative structure figure of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 8 is the supervisory control system and the system architecture of the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is the basis with the technology of Internet of things; Internet of Things network and inner electric energy and information flow thereof through automobile Internet of Things, battery Internet of Things and electrically-charging equipment network struction; For new operation mode provides a kind of overall technology framework scheme as support; To realize to user vehicle power service easily flexibly; And, promptly solved the obstacle of user vehicle sides such as battery cost and power service rapid and convenient to effective energy storage of power grid security and power supply service, also solved the obstacle of the grid side such as concentrated controling management of electrically-charging equipment and battery.
In broad terms, the technology of the information interaction between realization object and the object can be referred to as Internet of Things.No matter the Internet or Internet of Things, its essence has all provided the channel and the platform of information interaction.And this information interaction of Internet of Things has not only rested between the computer, but any relevant actual object.In the charging electric vehicle business; Built towards the professional Internet of Things of electric automobile through the information interaction channel of erecting between automobile, battery and the electrically-charging equipment; Through the information integrated supervisory control system that passes to of Internet of Things is carried out the integrated management operation, and the technology of realization and electrical network is integrated and information interaction.Through setting up the Internet of Things operator of a sole duty, user oriented provides the replacing service of standard cell, and the user does not need the wait to the charging interval, does not also need oneself to buy battery.Through the data message that exchanges between automobile, battery and the charger, can carry out various necessary charge accountings and management function.Simultaneously, because on charging interval of battery and place, realized the decoupling zero with the automobile power service, that can arrange battery more flexibly in order discharges and recharges operation (intelligent charge management), to satisfy the particular demands of electrical network.In addition, also can support the user through independently being charged by the distributed charging pile of Long-distance Control, as long as corresponding information obtains record with mutual, the user can enjoy free to greatest extent and service.In this scheme, what play a decisive role is information, no matter is the information of automobile, battery, charger or electrical network because the Platform Implementation of Internet of Things comprehensive collection and share.Also be because of the comprehensive grasp to information, feasible complicacy more and senior form of operation and administration become possibility.
The Internet of Things framework
The system of the embodiment of the invention takes three-level structure, can regard three layers of vertical be combined into of various network as: automobile Internet of Things, battery Internet of Things, electrically-charging equipment network.
The three-layer network structure is as shown in Figure 1, and the entity in each layer network all has self unique electronic label chip with the sign identity, and writes down its characteristic information.
Automobile has unique identification code VEHICLE_ID through embedded vehicle-mounted managing chip in the automobile Internet of Things, and record automobile different characteristic separately, like the power consumption of automobile, loading capacity, total kilometres number etc.Information such as the running car distance that is used to settle accounts are selected according to the user, can be uploaded to Surveillance center through the battery chip transfer, also can transmit through real time remote wireless communication, form the network of an information interaction.This network architecture is if further development and use can be carried more ADVANCED APPLICATIONS such as intelligent traffic administration system.
In the battery Internet of Things, each piece battery has unique identification code BATTERY_ID through battery management chip, is used for brand, type, capacity, the useful life of recording cell self and discharges and recharges characteristic informations such as number of times.These information are used for setting up its technology files for each piece battery, so that carry out the asset management of Life cycle, are used for also in use judging that whether it caused damage because of user's improper use.
In the electrically-charging equipment network, no matter be electrically-charging equipment or the charging pile in the charging station, all have unique identification code MACHINE_ID, and write down characteristic informations such as its capacity, position, state.In addition, because electrically-charging equipment also is the part of electrical network assets, so visible by figure, the electrically-charging equipment network can be regarded the part of following intelligent grid as.All electrically-charging equipments all have the ability with the battery management chip interaction data, so no matter to be the information of vehicle ' or the information that battery uses, and can be uploaded to the monitoring backstage through electrically-charging equipment.In addition, because all electrically-charging equipments and supervisory control system have two-way communications capabilities, the operation of electrically-charging equipment is under the control on monitoring backstage fully, and this has also set up effective structure system for realizing that intelligent charge is managed.
By shown in Figure 1, in the upper, middle and lower-ranking, it is related that layer and entity between the layer also can take place, and in figure shown in the dotted line, but this association is dynamically and variation.For example, an automobile has used a battery, and association has taken place between them, but this association is temporary, after automobile is changed battery by the time, another new association has just taken place.A battery also can discharge and recharge operation at different electrically-charging equipments, and association has also taken place between them, and this association also is dynamic and temporary transient, and along with battery further circulates, this association has just disappeared.Such association takes place each time, just be accompanied by the two-way flow of electric energy and information, represent the direction of flow of electrical power like Fig. 1 hollow core arrow, black block arrows is represented the direction of information flow.
The design of this Internet of Things framework; Guaranteed the decoupling zero between the three-layer network entity; Guaranteed that also they can be free related, through mutual and record to information, make again this freedom between them alternately can be fully move and charge accounting in complete embodying.Especially realize the full decoupled of vehicle and battery, and guaranteed the freedom of combination in any between them.Like this, management and information that operator can only be paid close attention to battery reclaim, and the not restriction of factor such as subject vehicle position.No matter the user gives back battery in which way and just can carry out charge accounting, and not necessarily will open vehicle into charging station; Even the user uses charging pile independently to charge,, do not influence the function of carrying out charge accounting according to mileage number because charging pile can be gathered battery information and two-way communication yet.And, this decoupling zero and the mode of intelligence transmission, the mileage that makes the user adopt other power source to go can not remembered into the bill of Internet of Things operator by mistake.
Auxiliary operation system
In order to realize the operation of above-mentioned Internet of Things framework, designed the structure of its operation system accordingly, as shown in Figure 2, whole system can roughly be divided into electrical network alternation of bed, operator internal application layer, three level of user interactions layer:
The connection of all business functions is represented with thin arrow among the figure, and the connection of all technical functionalitys is represented with thick arrow.Can know by figure, the information interaction of electrical network alternation of bed homologue networking operator and grid company, function corresponding and information are technological, just mean that also grid company only accepts the technical information relevant with operation of power networks, and keep aloof from commercial matters information; User interactions layer homologue networking operator is mutual with the user's, and corresponding interface information is commercial affairs, user and Internet of Things company generation commercial exchange be described, and do not participated in technical problem.The purpose of design is to reach following 2 design principles like this:
A. the decoupling zero of grid company and sales service is not given grid company commercial problem and is solved;
B. the decoupling zero of user and technical scheme is not left over technical problem to the user.
Like this, substantial commercial affairs and technology realize that function all concentrates on the internal application layer, realize and assurance by the Internet of Things operator is inner, reach the independence of its commercial operation and the integrality that technology realizes.For electrical network, the Internet of Things operator become one independently with the indiscriminate user of other power consumer; For the user, for it provides the most simple and efficient service, can in multiple service, select flexibly and need not be concerned about any technical problem, do not need too complicated occupation mode yet, the realization of technology does not need the special cooperation of user yet.
The all scopes of business of Internet of Things operator are irised out with rectangle frame.
System flow
1) as shown in Figure 2; The user reaches SLA (ServiceLevel Agreement) service agreement through point-of-sale terminal and Internet of Things operator; Comprise and buy the distance travelled number; Selectively choose required battle wagon service option, treaty content is recorded in point-of-sale terminal, and contract information uploads to Surveillance center through the Internet.Because dissimilar carload lots is different with power consumption, when buying the contract of same mileage number, its price is difference to some extent.
2) user is after reaching sales contract; Obtain vehicle-mounted managing chip and vehicle mobile terminals; This chip contains the unique identifier VEHICLE_ID of vehicle; After this chip embeds vehicle mounted battery management system, becoming unique interface of extraneous identification electric automobile identity and characteristic (like power consumption, loading capacity etc.) thereof, also is the sign in Surveillance center and auto communication identification automobile geographical position.
3) vehicle mobile terminals is a common apparatus; Use with vehicle-mounted chips incorporate; Vehicle-mounted chip is realized the identification of automobile and the record of self-characteristic, and portable terminal is responsible for the operation of collection, wireless information interaction and the local client software of running car data.
4) correspondingly with each identification code VEHICLE_ID set up a number of the account, user's a certain amount of procurement payment that in account, prestores is settled accounts in the contract execution process.
5) the Internet of Things operator is responsible for building numerous electrically-charging equipments in operational area, comprises charging pile, electrical changing station and concentrated charging station.The user obtains battery with identification code VEHICLE_ID and contract at charging station, and battery is installed on the electric automobile docks with vehicle mounted battery management system.
6) each piece standard cell all contains unique battery management chip, as unique distinguishing mark BATTERY_ID of battery, and communicates by letter identity verification and authority, and information such as interactive user, electric weight, time and the distance of going with vehicle mobile terminals.
7) in the process of moving, vehicle mobile terminals is communicated by letter with Surveillance center through mobile communications network, and Surveillance center transmits necessary real time information to portable terminal.The portable terminal joining with real-time information and the network information of downloading are in advance carried out the computing of customer service in this locality.According to user's request, route planning, charging planning also can be provided, change battle wagon service functions such as electric planning, charge alert, account balance alarm, charging station inquiry.In addition, select according to the user, the service data of battery and automobile can temporarily be stored on portable terminal or the chip, also can send it back Surveillance center in real time.
8) after the user goes certain distance, can give back and change battery with contract at another electrical changing station, the battery of electrical changing station is unified in through the logistics scheduling and concentrates the charging station charging.Charging device anyplace all contains electronic tag, as unique identification MACHINE_ID, and can carry out two-way communication with Surveillance center.When battery charged, the automobile of its storage and the operation of battery and the record that goes were read into, and are uploaded to the monitoring substation in this zone through the Internet.
9) user also can be in public or private charging pile (being installed in private home or enterprise by customer requirement by operator) charging.Charging pile and Surveillance center have two-way communications capabilities and unique MACHINE_ID, and have and read the recorded function of battery chip.Like this; Even the user utilizes charging pile independently to charge, it uses the information of battery and vehicle ' also can be obtained by system, and it is the historical data of battery charge according to the MACHINE_ID record; So no matter the user takes to change the still mode of charging of electricity, does not influence unified clearing.
10) driving information of all electrically-charging equipments, point-of-sale terminal and transmission gathers in the responsible a certain appointed area, monitoring substation, and data are after treatment continued to be uploaded to master station, deposit the mass storage data storehouse in, use for more ADVANCED APPLICATIONS.Also be responsible for and the automobile real time communication, the processing running data that go in this zone the substation, sends necessary information to automobile, and the battle wagon service is provided.
11) the sales contract administrative unit of master station, according to the chip VEHICLE_ID of vehicle mounted battery management system, analysis gathers the vehicle of holding this chip writes down and the battery service recorder in all going, with the performance of inspection of contract.
12) master station purchase electric contract management unit, carry out the electric weight clearing with grid company as required; Simultaneously, because a large amount of battery pack can be used as energy storage device and distributed power source to the anti-electric energy that send of electrical network in the charging station, the clearing to the reverse sale of electricity of grid company also will be handled simultaneously in this unit.
13) operation that discharges and recharges of electrically-charging equipment of the intelligent charge unit monitors of master station and planning whole system; Considering under electrical network demand and the conditions such as automobile power service and network constraint; Should satisfy the demand of electrical network, also will satisfy the demand of user for the automobile power service at aspects such as peak load shifting or load managements.As shown in Figure 3.
14) battery of master station regulation and control unit is according to collected GIS-Geographic Information System (Geographicinformation system; Abbreviation GIS) distribution and the flow condition of all batteries of information monitoring between each charging station; According to the flow of automobile with to the planning of the reverse sale of electricity of electrical network, the distribution of allotment battery between each charging station.
15) substation of zones of different will discerned and manage to the substation coordinated management system of main website of Surveillance center, when battery inserts different zones, substation, coordinate and manage the storage and the use of its data.If a certain substation because fault is out of service, also can be handed to other substation with its management area and be responsible for, guarantee its flexibility with this.In addition, other all relate to trans-regional service and information sharing, this unit coordinated management all will be arranged.
16) sales contract offers the cash settlement unit with the information of purchasing electric contract after aggregation process, and based on contract content and execution result carry out cash settlement to bank.
17) all parameters relevant with operation of power networks are collected in the main station monitoring unit, through private communication interface and electrical network interaction data.
18) main website gathers the GIS information that all users that uploaded by the substation collection agree opening, comprises distinct devices such as vehicle and battery, obtains the geographical distribution of all related entities after these information are gathered, as the foundation of other ADVANCED APPLICATIONS.
19) for user's unpowered situation that unexpected outage or battery failures etc. cause in road emergency management and rescue are provided, carry out the emergency management and rescue commander by main website; Live when other contingencies such as traffic accident, assistance and traffic and medical aid department are linked up, and rescue is provided.
20) select according to the user, additional Traffic Information service is provided, main website is responsible for collection, maintenance and the issue of all Traffic Informations.
21) all information of being grasped of Internet of Things company can have the department (for example vehicle supervision department) of demand mutual with other under suitable condition, and main website can keep the interactive interface of a standard in advance.
Embodiment of the present invention can be decomposed into different software and hardware devices, and its detailed structure and function are narrated respectively as follows:
One. vehicle-mounted managing chip and portable terminal
Vehicle-mounted managing chip is obtained the voucher of sales contract as the user, also is simultaneously sign VEHICLE_ID and the interface (similar with the SIM of mobile phone and corresponding telephone number) of system identification testing vehicle register.The user implants vehicle mounted battery management system with this chip, as the interface of external world's identification, gather simultaneously automobile like characteristic informations such as power consumption, loading capacity.Vehicle-mounted managing chip is as shown in Figure 4, comprises VEHICLE_ID authentication module, automobile characteristic records module and safe access authentication module.
VEHICLE_ID checking: VEHICLE_ID is as the unique identification of identification testing vehicle register, before vehicle-mounted managing chip or vehicle mobile terminals are carried out any traffic operation with the external world, all must verify and the recording user identity.
The automobile characteristic records: some performance datas of record automobile self, like power consumption or loading capacity etc.The characteristic information of automobile can be charged to server database simultaneously when the user registers.For preventing dolus malus; Be dilly such as registration; But vehicle-mounted chip is installed on the heavy vehicle uses (same mileage number, loading capacity is different with power consumption, price should difference); Chip can carry out corresponding safety verification after inserting vehicle, to guarantee that the vehicle actual state is registered with system and the information that is used for settling accounts is consistent.
Safe access checking: whether the automobile that checking is written into chip is the vehicle of registration grade, and whether the automobile characteristic meets;
Portable terminal carries out statistic record to vehicle traveling information, and obtains testing vehicle register and vehicle feature information from vehicle-mounted chip.The information of necessity is write battery management chip.In addition, it possesses voice suggestion and graphical display function, utilizes GPS and 3G mobile communication technology and Surveillance center's interactive information, realizes the battle wagon service item.
The functional block diagram of vehicle mobile terminals is as shown in Figure 5; Vehicle mobile terminals comprises information of vehicles output and battery information input module, VEHICLE_ID and vehicle feature module; Vehicle operation data acquisition module, GPS locating module, electrically-charging equipment situation describing module, VEHICLE_ID authentication module, geography information memory module, account information module and voice suggestion and image display module; And the above-mentioned functions module all links to each other with the primary control program module; Vehicle-mounted managing chip is connected into vehicle mobile terminals through VEHICLE_ID and vehicle feature module with information of vehicles, and information of vehicles output and battery information input module are through battery chip interface and battery management chip communication.The major function of vehicle mobile terminals is described below:
VEHICLE_ID checking: the user VEHICLE_ID of each portable terminal and this equipment of use binds, with the Surveillance center radio communication before must identity verification and authority.
GPS location: the position of confirming the automobile place through the GPS location technology;
Geography information storage: road information and the storage of charging station segment information; Geography information is among constantly changing, so geography information download and upgrade function is provided, whether the verification current version is latest edition and prompting;
Vehicle operation data is gathered: information such as collection vehicle distance travelled;
Accounts information: through obtaining the current account balance of user with the Surveillance center radio communication;
The electrically-charging equipment situation is described: specify the charging station equipment can use situation, battery supplied situation, crowded state;
VEHICLE_ID and vehicle feature: through with vehicle-mounted managing chip, obtain vehicle VEHICLE_ID and vehicle feature information;
Primary control program: after obtaining above all information, carry out the analysis that service item requires in this locality, obtain analysis result;
Voice suggestion and graphical display: analysis result is presented to the user with the mode of voice and figure;
Information of vehicles output and battery information input: information such as testing vehicle register, distance travelled are write battery management chip, go back to Surveillance center, supply clearing to use by battery management chip.Can realize settling accounts the decoupling zero with vehicle like this, operator only need be regained the enough information that battery just can obtain to settle accounts, and needn't where be concerned about vehicle; After a battery leaves electrical changing station,, do not influence clearing even used by different vehicle yet; With battery information input, battery electric quantity state and battery dump energy when going in the time of can monitoring autonomous charging.
The design principle of this mobile communication terminal should be under the prerequisite of assurance function, reduces the burden of radio communication and revealing of individual subscriber privacy as far as possible.The required analytical calculation of high-level service is all carried out at local car-mounted terminal; Monitoring central server is just sent the real time information of its required reference format to all terminals, and need not obtain the specific information that the user agrees to be sent to server by automobile down automobile.
Two. the standard cell managing chip
The standard cell managing chip is embedded in the standardization battery, identification, battery charging and discharging, service data and the user who realizes battery BATTERY_ID use recording of information, with the communicating by letter of electrically-charging equipment.Its basic functional block diagram is as shown in Figure 6.Battery management chip that is to say electronic label chip; Comprise BATTERY_ID authentication module, Vehicular data recording module, record of charging module and battery data logging modle; This battery data logging modle is connected with Vehicular data recording module, BATTERY_ID authentication module both-way communication, states the record of charging module and is connected with the communication of BATTERY_ID authentication module.
The BATTERY_ID checking: the embedded chip of each battery all will distribute unique BATTERY_ID, after battery inserts electrically-charging equipment, at first will carry out the identification of battery BATTERY_ID identity, is convenient to the processing to data on the one hand, controls its authority on the one hand.For can't not allowing charging operations through the battery of checking.On the other hand, when battery inserts automobile, if can not be through the checking to user vehicle, the battery refusal be to automobile output electric energy.
Vehicular data recording: obtain information such as the testing vehicle register that uses battery and VMT Vehicle-Miles of Travel from vehicle mobile terminals.
Battery data record: the discharging and recharging and service data of battery, and the user uses information to be gathered and store, for example its charging and discharging state, charge level, running time, useful life etc.
Record of charging: when the user utilizes charging pile independently to charge, write down charging place and electric weight, and user profile, use for clearing.
Specify the purpose of battery chip storage automobile information; If being reluctant to open radio communication from the misgivings of individual privacy, the user transmits information in real time; And the user might not hold automobile into charging station when giving back battery; Or just carry battery and give back, so automobile all information during using this piece battery just only reliable battery chip transmit.In addition, the mileage of automobile institute form will be distinguished its power resources, transmits settlement data through battery, has just guaranteed that also only the mileage under the power of operator battery just is used for settling accounts, and the distance of other power (such as private battery) form is not within clearing.
Three. electrically-charging equipment
The total system electrically-charging equipment comprises charging pile or small-sized charging place, electrical changing station and the large-scale centralized charging station that is distributed in public domain or private area.
Charging pile: be distributed in public domain, enterprise or be installed in the subscriber household private area, supply user's use of independently charging by customer requirements.All charging piles have electronic tag equally, and can read the battery chip information recorded.When the user when charging pile independently charges to on-vehicle battery, charging pile can through with communications records user identity, charging interval, place, the electric weight of battery chip.These information are uploaded to Surveillance center, settle accounts in conjunction with the contract information of designated user.All charging piles need have the ability with the battery chip interaction data, also need the ability with Surveillance center's two-way communication.Surveillance center can be through telecommunication control and management charging operations, so that optimize comprehensively, meet each other " intelligent charge management ".
Electrical changing station: the structure according to highway transportation network rationally distributes, and covers certain scope.Electrical changing station only provides the user and changes the battery service, and needn't carry out charging operations on the spot.Like this, the constraint of charging operations can be too much considered in the addressing of electrical changing station and construction, how better to the user service to be provided and pay close attention to more.
The large-scale centralized charging station: the battery that electrical changing station is changed is concentrated and is carried out Charge Management; This reduces the constraint that the electrical changing station addressing is built on the one hand; Also be convenient to the operation that discharges and recharges more towards electrical network; Because such charging station is concentrated more, capacity is bigger, construction and operation have more specific aim, and is also obvious more to the electrical network effect of service.Come the circulation and the circulation of regulating cell between charging station and the electrical changing station through logistics deployment.
All fill change electric facility all should have electronic tag, with the information interaction ability of battery management chip and with the two-way communications capabilities of Surveillance center.
The intelligent charge management: system-wide charging operations need carry out unified planning and management, and the planning management of reasonably charging can reduce the professional impact to electrical network of charging greatly, reduces the cost of operation of power networks and investment.The intelligent charge managerial demand is treated charging operations from two different angles, the one, from the angle of electrical network see electrical network expectation battery charge when, where, how to carry out, what particular demands is arranged; Another is to see from the angle of user vehicle, and which condition the charging of battery should satisfy, and under the various constraintss both ways, seeks optimized charging scheme.See that from view of function the correlative factor of intelligent charge management can be treated from three different levels, and is as shown in Figure 7.
Four. Surveillance center
The software frame of whole system may be summarized to be three platforms: information integrated platform, service operation platform, integrated supervision platform.
These three platforms are totally united by car-mounted terminal, point-of-sale terminal, electrically-charging equipment terminal and master station and monitoring substation and are constituted.
Information integrated platform is made up of the electric network information unit and the mass data storage of car-mounted terminal, point-of-sale terminal, electrically-charging equipment terminal and monitoring substation and master station, accomplishes for user, automobile, the collection of operation of power networks data message, transmission, storage.
The service operation platform is made up of the five functional module (charge accounting, asset management, operational management, logistics scheduling, customer service) of master station.
The integrated supervision platform is whole system and operational management personnel's a interface, and system-wide real-time status image is showed the operations staff easily, so that in time monitor and dispatch, it is realized by the overview display module of master station in Surveillance center.
Although on function, can system software architecture be divided into above three platforms; But from the position of concrete realization and integrated angle; Except that being distributed in the terminal that service network and automobile move, other installs the supervisory control system that can unify to reduce Surveillance center at the monitoring software of zone and CCC concentratedly.
Supervisory control system is the comprehensive management platform that operator manages whole charging Internet of Things; Because the intelligent charge station is distributed in wide zone; A plurality of substations can be set; Be responsible in the corresponding region combined data is managed and gathered to the charging station and the point-of-sale terminal of connecting system, with communicating by letter and data interaction of the electric automobile in this zone of going.Such design is from the consideration to flexibility and reliability, because subregion control, even when main website or communication failure, the zone, substation still can keep short-term operation, and the data with the substation storage behind service recovery are uploaded to main website again.If certain substation fault can be given other substation agency who has the ability redundant with professional the transfer with administration authority that should the zone.
Say that from function the function of whole monitoring system (comprising main website and substation) can be divided into 5 types: charge accounting, asset management, operational management, logistics scheduling, customer service.
Position and the function of Surveillance center in the whole system framework is as shown in Figure 8.
Claims (10)
1. an electric automobile Internet of Things charging system is characterized in that, comprising:
The automobile Internet of Things; Wherein every electric automobile comprises vehicle-mounted managing chip and vehicle mobile terminals; Said vehicle-mounted managing chip is used to write down electric automobile characteristic separately, and said vehicle mobile terminals is used for the operation of collection, wireless information interaction and the client software of electric automobile during traveling data;
The battery Internet of Things, wherein each piece battery all comprises battery management chip, this chip is used to write down brand, type, capacity, the useful life of himself and discharges and recharges the number of times characteristic information;
The electrically-charging equipment network; Electrically-charging equipment comprises charging pile, electrical changing station and concentrated charging station; And every kind of electrically-charging equipment comprises the electrically-charging equipment chip, is used to write down capacity, position, the state characteristic information of electrically-charging equipment, and carries out the mutual of data with battery management chip;
Surveillance center; Comprise monitoring substation and master station; The monitoring substation is used to gather the automobile information of all electrically-charging equipment chips in the guarded region, the transmission of vehicle-mounted managing chip; Said master station is used to receive, store the data that upload the monitoring substation, and according to the operation that data monitoring of uploading and the electrically-charging equipment of planning whole system discharge and recharge, allocates the distribution of battery between each charging station;
Said automobile Internet of Things, battery Internet of Things, electrically-charging equipment network are connected with the Surveillance center communication through each vehicle-mounted managing chip, battery management chip, electrically-charging equipment chip respectively.
2. electric automobile Internet of Things charging system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the vehicle-mounted managing chip in the said automobile Internet of Things embeds in the Vehicular battery management system, and said vehicle-mounted managing chip contains the unique identifier VEHICLE_ID of vehicle.
3. electric automobile Internet of Things charging system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: said vehicle-mounted managing chip comprises VEHICLE_ID authentication module, automobile characteristic records module and safe access authentication module.
4. electric automobile Internet of Things charging system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: said vehicle-mounted managing chip is used to write down electric automobile different characteristic separately, comprises power consumption, loading capacity, the total kilometres number of electric automobile.
5. electric automobile Internet of Things charging system according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: said vehicle mobile terminals comprises information of vehicles output and battery information input module, VEHICLE_ID and the vehicle feature module that is connected with vehicle-mounted managing chip, battery management chip communication through interface respectively; And vehicle operation data acquisition module, GPS locating module, electrically-charging equipment situation describing module and VEHICLE_ID authentication module, the above-mentioned functions module all links to each other with the primary control program module.
6. electric automobile Internet of Things charging system according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: said battery management chip comprises BATTERY_ID authentication module, Vehicular data recording module, record of charging module and battery data logging modle; This battery data logging modle is connected with said Vehicular data recording module, BATTERY_ID authentication module both-way communication, and said record of charging module is connected with the communication of BATTERY_ID authentication module.
7. electric automobile Internet of Things charging system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said electrically-charging equipment chip has unique identification code MACHINE_ID.
8. according to each described electric automobile Internet of Things charging system among the claim 1-7, it is characterized in that: said monitoring substation also is used for and the electric automobile real time communication, the processing running data that go in this zone, sends information needed to electric automobile.
9. electric automobile Internet of Things charging system according to claim 8 is characterized in that: said master station comprises intelligent charge unit, scheduling batteries unit, and the intelligent charge unit is used to monitor and plans the operation that the electrically-charging equipment of whole system discharges and recharges; The scheduling batteries unit is according to distribution and the flow regime of all batteries of information monitoring between each charging station of collected GIS-Geographic Information System GIS, according to the flow of automobile with to the planning of the reverse sale of electricity of electrical network, the distribution of allotment battery between each charging station.
10. electric automobile Internet of Things charging system according to claim 9, it is characterized in that: said master station also comprises the charge accounting functional unit, this unit be used for according to sales contract carry out in real time and user vehicle between charging and clearing; Carry out the electric weight clearing with grid company as required; Simultaneously and since in the charging station a large amount of battery as energy storage device and distributed power source to the anti-electric energy that send of electrical network, the clearing to the reverse sale of electricity of grid company also will be handled simultaneously in this unit.
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