CN101548000A - Fuel or fuel additive composition and method for its manufacture and use - Google Patents

Fuel or fuel additive composition and method for its manufacture and use Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101548000A
CN101548000A CNA2007800416053A CN200780041605A CN101548000A CN 101548000 A CN101548000 A CN 101548000A CN A2007800416053 A CNA2007800416053 A CN A2007800416053A CN 200780041605 A CN200780041605 A CN 200780041605A CN 101548000 A CN101548000 A CN 101548000A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
composition
flash
oil
point
alcohol
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CNA2007800416053A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
胡贝特·布克斯
安妮·M·弗拉纳根
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Global Tai Lelin Co ltd
William Gus
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Innovations Solutions Now Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development

Abstract

The present invention discloses embodiments of a composition that useful as a fuel or fuel additive. Certain disclosed embodiments of the composition comprise mid to low flash point naptha, at least one alcohol having a ratio of between about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms to 1 hydroxyl functional group, at least one lubricating oil, and at least one oxygenated natural aromatic compound, wherein the oxygenated natural aromatic compound has a flash point between about 60 DEG C. and about 160 DEG C., has at least one oxygenated functional group, and is soluble in the composition.

Description

The method of fuel or fuel additive composition and preparation thereof and use
The cross reference of related application
The application requires the U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.60/864 of " as the prescription of fuel or fuel dope " by name of submission on November 8th, 2006, the U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.60/944 of " as the prescription of fuel or fuel dope " by name submitted on June 18th, 928 and 2007,576 rights and interests, they are incorporated herein by this reference.
The field
Disclosed embodiment relates to can be as the fuel of the ground mass fuel substitute that routinizes.It also can be used as the additive of the ground mass fuel that routinizes, or fuel substitute.
Background
Developed routinize the as an alternative fuel substitute of ground mass fuel of multiple formulations.Disclose an example of this class A fuel A in the Canadian Patent 1340871, wherein, mixed as Viscotrol C with alcohol and ether and lubricant such as mineral oil or vegetables oil.Also developed prescription as the fuel substitute that renewable carbon source (as alcohol) and fossil oil are made up.Disclose an example of this class A fuel A in the Canadian Patent 2513001, wherein alcohol has been mixed with petroleum naphtha and aliphatic ester.Similarly, U.S. Patent No. 4,300,912 disclose the synthol prescription that comprises petroleum naphtha (20-60%), methyl alcohol (10-40%), butanols (20-40%) and deflocculant, and it is heated to 300 ℉ and the gained steam is collected in the storage tank by water cooled condenser and with liquid fuel make in reactor by filling a prescription.U.S. Patent No. 5,575,822 disclose pluralities of fuel and fuel dope.The scope of this fuel is from two component prescriptions: as 10 to about 42% terpene (the excellent limonene that selects) and about 1 to about 90% petroleum naphtha compound, to more complicated prescription: as 10 to about 16w/w% limonene, approximately 19w/w% to about 45w/w% flash-point be 7 ℃ to about 24 ℃ aliphatic hydrocrbons, Varnish Makers and Painters (VM﹠amp most preferably; P) petroleum naphtha, approximately 20w/w% is to about 40w/w% alcohol, methyl alcohol most preferably, and approximately 9w/w% comprises about 11.4w/w% limonene, about 40.7w/w%VM﹠amp to approximately 36w/w% tensio-active agent, most preferably glycol ether EB, and preferred fuel; P petroleum naphtha, about 15.5w/w% glycol ether EB, about 22w/w% methyl alcohol and about 10.6w/w% Viscotrol C.This type of prescription requires significant fuel delivery system improvement.Use the prescription of methyl alcohol to make conventional oil pipeline and sealing member, reduce quality as O shape ring.In addition, methyl alcohol is corrosive, and Viscotrol C forms settling in fuel injector and vaporizer with methanol mixed the time, and also cause unsuitable maintenance cost this work-ing life of reducing parts.In addition, VM﹠amp; The high relatively flash-point of P petroleum naphtha causes poor cold start-up.
The U.S. Patent No. 4,818,250 and 4,915,707 of Whitworth has been described the method for put forward Chun limonene as fuel or fuel dope.This method comprises that distillation contains the oil of limonene, then removes and anhydrates.Limonene that proposition is heated up in a steamer through steaming and oxidation retarder such as Ursol D are blended in and add fashionable as gasoline extender (gasoline extender) with the amount of 20 volume % at the most.Unfortunately, in the actual test in ergometer under living load, add 20% limonene and cause serious premature ignition in unleaded 87 octane value gasoline, this causes serious problems to its actual value as the gasoline extender.
In U.S. Patent No. 5,186, terpenoid base fuel is disclosed in 722.The very terpenes of wide region, terpenoid and derivative thereof are disclosed, Bao Kuo limonene, menthol, linalool, terpinene, amphene and carene.Prepare this fuel by cracking/reduction method or by radiation.Limonene shows 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl) benzene by this method generation 84%.Although this fuel is better than the fuel of Whitworth, production cost is high relatively.
Barton and colleague have studied the eucalyptus oil additive that acts as a fuel.Barton and Knight (1997, Chemistry in Australia64 (1): 4-6) determined commercial solvent, and Barton and Tjandra (1988, Fluid phase eqilibria 44:117-123,1989, fuel 68:11-17) determined that stabilization oil/ethanol fuel is as cineole (from eucalyptus oil) potential use.It serves as cosolvent in the propellant combination that comprises polarity and non-polar component (for example oil and ethanol), prevent from thus to be separated.Cineole is the folium eucalypti main body of oil, accounts for about 80% of this oil.In other research, use eucalyptus oil to act as a fuel.About straight run (straight) eucalyptus oil, performance is very good, just has the problem that starts cold engine, and this can overcome easily by adding 20 to 30% alcohol or gasoline.
Each vegetable oil has been added in the fuel formulation to improve lubricating value.For example, U.S. Patent No. 5,730,029 discloses other oil that uses peanut oil and have high oleic acid content (80%) in double stroke fuel.High lubricating value allows under the high-engine temperature lubricated with combining of high flash point.This oily fire retardant characteristics helps to improve power.U.S. Patent No. 5,743,923 disclose with pure and mild petroleum fractionating overhead product and have used peanut oil.
U.S. Patent Application Serial 10/506963 discloses a kind of fuel dope, and it is to comprise selected ethoxylated alkylphenol, fatty acid amide, petroleum naphtha and the oleic emulsifying composition that serves as tensio-active agent.Preferred compositions comprises a polyoxyethylene-nonylphenol by volume, two parts of lauric acid amide of ethanol, two parts of heavy naphtha and a oleic acid.This invention also expands to the hydrocarbon fuel that comprises said composition.
Although as mentioned above, be not provided at as yet under the situation that does not change hardware or software at horsepower and BTU output facet and advantageously be used in composition in the spark ignition engine (double stroke, four-stroke and jet engine) with existing fuel is equal to mutually.Purpose is the defective that overcomes prior art.
General introduction
Some disclosed embodiment relates to the composition as fuel or fuel dope.For example, specific disclosed embodiment relates to be provided at the fuel substitute that advantageously is equal to mutually with existing fuel at horsepower that is used under the situation that does not change hardware or software in the spark ignition engine (double stroke and Otto cycle engine) and the composition of fuel dope aspect torque.By selecting concrete component and their ratios with regulation are mixed, no matter resulting composition uses separately still as gasoline dope has been reduced noxious emission when the burning, increases the discharging of gaseous oxygen simultaneously.In addition, by selecting concrete component, the biofuel or the fuel dope that contain about at the most 56% biologically-derived component (it all is to be easy to regenerated) are provided.At last, all the other about 44% can prepare under minimum refining degree.
In one embodiment, flash-point was to the low-flash petroleum naphtha during said composition comprised; At least a have about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms to 1 the hydroxy functional group (alcohol of ratio OH); At least a lubricating oil; With at least a natural aromatic substance of oxygen that contains, wherein this contains the natural aromatic substance of oxygen:
(i) have about 60 ℃ to about 160 ℃ flash-point;
(ii) has at least one oxygen-containing functional group; And
(iii) dissolve in said composition.
On the one hand, said composition comprises about 44% to about 71% v/v middle flash-point to low-flash petroleum naphtha, about 10% and contains the natural aromatic substance of oxygen to about 5% v/v lubricating oil and about 0.3% to 17% v/v to about 34% v/v alcohol, about 0.5%.
On the other hand, this at least a alcohol is selected from methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, Virahol, butanols, isopropylcarbinol, the trimethyl carbinol and combination thereof.
On the other hand, this at least a alcohol is:
(i) one of them of methyl alcohol or ethanol or methyl alcohol and alcoholic acid combination; Or
(ii) one of them of the combination of butanols or Virahol or butanols and Virahol.
On the other hand, this contains the natural aromatic substance of oxygen and is selected from wintergreen oil, phenylacrolein, Whitfield's ointment, allylguaiacol, their analogue and derivative and combination thereof.
On the other hand, this to contain the natural aromatic substance of oxygen be wintergreen oil.
On the other hand, this lubricating oil is high flash point, high lubricity oil.
On the other hand, this high flash point, high lubricity oil are peanut oil.
On the other hand, this alcohol is methyl alcohol.
On the other hand, this alcohol is ethanol.
On the other hand, said composition comprises about 44% to about 71% v/v middle flash-point to low-flash petroleum naphtha, about 35% and contains the natural aromatic substance of oxygen to about 5% v/v lubricating oil and about 0.3% to 17% v/v to about 40% v/v butanols or Virahol or its mixture, about 0.5%.
In another embodiment, provide the composition as fuel or fuel dope, it comprises:
Flash-point is approximately-22 ℃ to approximately-50 ℃ and comprise at least a petroleum distillate in short chain alkanes, paraffin and the naphthenic hydrocarbon;
At least a have about 1 to the alcohol of about 4 carbon atoms to the ratio of 1 hydroxy functional group;
At least a lubricating oil; With
At least a natural aromatic substance of oxygen that contains, wherein this contain the natural aromatic substance of oxygen (i) have about 60 ℃ to about 160 ℃ flash-point, (ii) have at least one oxygen-containing functional group, and (iii) dissolve in said composition.
On the one hand, said composition comprises:
About 44% to about 71% v/v petroleum distillate;
About 10% to about 34% v/v alcohol, and wherein this alcohol is one of them of (i) methyl alcohol or ethanol or methyl alcohol and alcoholic acid combination; Or (ii) one of them of combination of butanols or Virahol or butanols and Virahol;
About 0.5% to about 5% v/v lubricating oil; With
The wintergreen oil of about 0.3% to 17% v/v, phenylacrolein, Whitfield's ointment, allylguaiacol, their analogue and derivative and combination thereof.
On the other hand, said composition comprises methyl alcohol or ethanol or its combination, about 0.5% v/v peanut oil and the about 6% v/v wintergreen oil of about 59% v/v petroleum distillate, about 34% v/v.
On the other hand, said composition comprises about 44% and contains the natural aromatic substance of oxygen to about 5% v/v lubricating oil and about 0.3% to 17% v/v to about 71% v/v petroleum distillate, about 35% butanols to about 40% v/v, Virahol or its mixture, about 0.5%.
In another embodiment, be provided for reducing the composition of discharged nitrous oxides, said composition comprises petroleum distillate, at least a C1 to C4 alcohol, at least a lubricating oil and at least a natural aromatic substance of oxygen that contains, and this contains the natural aromatic substance of oxygen:
(i) have about 50 ℃ to about 160 ℃ flash-point;
(ii) has at least one oxygen-containing functional group; And
(iii) dissolve in said composition.
On the one hand, said composition comprises about 50% to about 70% v/v middle flash-point petroleum naphtha, about 10% and is no less than about 14 carbon atoms to having of about 45% v/v alcohol, about 0.5% high flash point to about 2% v/v, high lubricity oil and about 3% to 10% v/v of the ratio of about 11 hydroxy functional groups contained the natural aromatic substance of oxygen.
On the other hand, said composition comprises high flash point, the high lubricity oil of flash-point petroleum naphtha among about 54% v/v, about 29% v/v methyl alcohol, about 0.5% v/v, butanols or Virahol and the about 6% v/v wintergreen oil of about 10.5% v/v.
On the other hand, said composition comprises high flash point, high lubricity oil, about 10.5% v/v butanols or Virahol and the about 6% v/v wintergreen oil of flash-point petroleum naphtha among about 54% v/v, about 29% v/v ethanol, about 0.5% v/v.
On the other hand, said composition further comprises gasoline.
On the other hand, gasoline account for said composition about 10% to about 90% v/v.
In another embodiment, provide a kind of method, comprising:
(i) flash-point was to low-flash petroleum naphtha, alcohol (wherein this alcohol has about 1 to the ratio of about 4 carbon atoms to 1 hydroxy functional group), lubricating oil with contain the composition of the natural aromatic substance of oxygen during preparation comprised;
(ii) with said composition with about 0% to about 90% v/v gasoline mix with the preparation fuel; With
(iii) use this operating fuel engine.
In aspect of this method, this is at least a contain the natural aromatic substance of oxygen (i) have about 60 ℃ to about 160 ℃ flash-point, (ii) have at least one oxygen-containing functional group, and (iii) dissolve in said composition.
In another embodiment, composition as fuel or fuel dope is provided, during said composition comprises flash-point to the low-flash petroleum naphtha, at least a have about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms to the alcohol of the ratio of 1 hydroxy functional group, at least a high flash point, high lubricity oil and wintergreen oil, wherein this petroleum naphtha and this alcohol account for said composition about 88% to about 96% v/v.
In another embodiment, provide a kind of method, comprising:
(i) provide the petroleum distillate that comprises flash-point and be not higher than-22 ℃, at least aly have about 1 to the composition of about 4 carbon atoms to the component of the alcohol of the ratio of 1 hydroxy functional group, at least a high flash point, high lubricity oil and at least a cosolvent, flame front inhibitor and corrosion inhibitor as associating; With
(ii) make fuel with said composition.
In aspect of this method, said composition is further defined to and comprises about 50% component to cosolvent, flame front inhibitor and the corrosion inhibitor of the conduct associating of about 70% v/v petroleum distillate, about 20% to about 35% v/v this alcohol, about 0.3% high flash point to about 2% v/v, high lubricity oil and about 3% to 6% v/v.
This method on the other hand in, said composition comprises flash-point petroleum naphtha among about 54% v/v, about 29% v/v methyl alcohol, about 10.5% Virahol or butanols, approximately 0.5%v/v peanut oil and about 6% v/v wintergreen oil.
This method on the other hand in, said composition comprises flash-point petroleum naphtha among about 54% v/v, about 29% v/v ethanol, about 10.5% Virahol or butanols, about 0.5% v/v peanut oil and about 6% v/v wintergreen oil.
This method on the other hand in, said composition comprises about 45% v/v butanols.
This method on the other hand in, said composition comprises about 45% v/v Virahol.
In another embodiment, provide a kind of method, comprising:
The petroleum naphtha that comprises flash-point and be not higher than-22 ℃ is provided, at least aly has about 1 to the composition of about 4 carbon atoms to the component of the alcohol of the ratio of 1 hydroxy functional group, at least a high flash point, high lubricity oil and at least a cosolvent, flame front inhibitor and corrosion inhibitor as associating; With
Make fuel with said composition.
In aspect of this method, said composition comprises in about 50% to about 70% v/v to the component of cosolvent, flame front inhibitor and the corrosion inhibitor of the conduct associating of low-flash petroleum naphtha, this alcohol of about 20% to about 35% v/v, about 0.3% high flash point to about 2% v/v, high lubricity oil and about 3% to about 6% v/v.
This method on the other hand in, said composition further comprises about 10.5% v/v butanols.
This method on the other hand in, said composition further comprises about 10.5% v/v Virahol.
In another embodiment, provide the method for minimizing from the oxynitride in the discharge of the engine of spark ignition, gasoline confession fuel.This method comprises:
(i) flash-point was to low-flash petroleum naphtha, alcohol, lubricating oil with contain the composition of the natural aromatic substance of oxygen during preparation comprised;
(ii) with described composition with about 0 to about 90% v/v gasoline mix with the preparation fuel;
(iii) supply fuel to engine with described fuel; With
(iv) move described engine,
Reduce the oxynitride in the described emissions from engines thus.
In aspect of this method, this alcohol has about 1 to the ratio of about 4 carbon to 1 hydroxy functional group, and the described at least a natural aromatic substance of oxygen that contains is characterised in that it:
(i) have about 50 ℃ to about 160 ℃ flash-point;
(ii) has at least one oxygen-containing functional group; And
(iii) dissolve in described composition.
In another embodiment, the purposes that provides a kind of composition to act as a fuel, wherein said composition comprises flash-point and is not higher than-22 ℃ petroleum distillate, at least aly has about 1 to the component of about 4 carbon to the alcohol of the ratio of 1 hydroxy functional group, at least a high flash point, high lubricity oil and at least a cosolvent, flame front inhibitor and corrosion inhibitor as associating.
This purposes on the other hand in, said composition is further defined to the component of cosolvent, flame front inhibitor and the corrosion inhibitor of the conduct associating that comprises about 50% to about 70% v/v described petroleum naphtha, about 20% to about 45% v/v described alcohol, about 0.3% high flash point to about 2% v/v, high lubricity oil and about 3 to 6% v/v.
This purposes on the other hand in, said composition comprises flash-point petroleum naphtha among about 54% v/v, about 29% v/v methyl alcohol, about 10.5% Virahol or butanols, about 0.5% v/v peanut oil and about 6% v/v wintergreen oil.
This purposes on the other hand in, said composition comprises about 10.5% v/v butanols.
This purposes on the other hand in, said composition comprises about 10.5% v/v Virahol.
In another embodiment, the purposes that provides a kind of composition to act as a fuel additive, wherein said composition comprises flash-point and is not higher than-22 ℃ petroleum naphtha, at least aly has about 1 to the component of about 4 carbon to the alcohol of the ratio of 1 hydroxy functional group, at least a high flash point, high lubricity oil and at least a cosolvent, flame front inhibitor and corrosion inhibitor as associating.
This purposes on the other hand in, said composition is further defined to the component of cosolvent, flame front inhibitor and the corrosion inhibitor of the conduct associating that comprises about 50% to about 70% v/v described petroleum naphtha, about 20% to about 45% v/v described alcohol, about 0.3% high flash point to about 2% v/v, high lubricity oil and about 3 to about 6% v/v.
This purposes on the other hand in, said composition comprises flash-point petroleum naphtha among about 54% v/v, about 29% v/v methyl alcohol, about 10.5% Virahol or butanols, about 0.5% v/v peanut oil and about 6% v/v wintergreen oil.
This purposes on the other hand in, said composition comprises about 10.5% v/v butanols.
This purposes on the other hand in, said composition comprises about 10.5% v/v Virahol.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
I. definition
Definition is only for helping the reader to provide below.These definition should not be considered as providing scope than the conspicuous narrow definition of those of ordinary skills.
A. high lubricity oil: following mensuration oilness: 4 milliliters are blended in 996 milliliters of fuel, supply fuel to 950 watts of double stroke generator motors that are designed to by oil and operating fuel, under ultimate load with 4,200RPMS moves this engine four and a half hours, measure compression ratio, and the cut and the lining ring of the cylinder wall of assessment engine cling (ring stick).High lubricity oil is meant and can cause compression ratio to reduce under test conditions, can not produce " lining ring clings " and can not cause the oil of cut.
B. high-flash oil: high flash point (FP) oil is meant that flash-point is about 204 ℃ (400 ℉) to about 343 ℃ (650 ℉), more preferably about 260 ℃ (500 ℉) to about 288 ℃ (550 ℉), the oil of more preferably about 282 ℃ (540 ℉) again.Following is the non exhaustive property example that is known as high flash lubricating oil: rapeseed oil (canola oil), Oleum Cocois, Semen Maydis oil, linseed oil, sweet oil, peanut oil, Thistle oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, Trisun Oil R 80 and rapeseed oil.Selected mineral oil also has suitable high flash-point.
C. high flash point, high lubricity oil: in the present embodiment, peanut oil is added in the said composition.Peanut main body of oil lipid acid is palmitinic acid (accounting for about 1-14%), oleic acid (accounting for about 36-67%) and linolic acid (accounting for about 14-46%).About 30% to about 80% oleic acid content provides acceptable lubricating value, and about 40% to about 70% oleic acid content obtains more acceptable value, and about 65% to about 70% oleic acid content obtains more acceptable again value.As known to persons of ordinary skill in the art, other longer chain fatty acid also provides the proper lubrication value.
D. cosolvent: can make polarity alkoxide component and any compound of nonpolar petroleum naphtha component blended when adding in petroleum naphtha/alcohol mixture.This contains the natural aromatic substance of oxygen can serve as cosolvent.Often with ring-type, heterogeneous ring compound, comprise furans, (THF) adds in the composition as cosolvent as tetrahydrofuran (THF).Knownly the cosolvent of THF and so on can be replaced to selected cyclic ethers, comprise dioxane, oxyethane, trimethylene oxide (trimethyloxide) and tetrahydropyrans.Wherein, dioxane has the similar compatibility in water with THF.Replacing oxygen with other element such as sulphur also provides suitable cosolvent, as Pyrrolidine (tetramethyleneimine), tetramethylene sulfide, tetrahydrochysene selenium phenol and the fen of tetrahydrochysene tellurium.Because tetramethyleneimine and water are miscible, known it can be used for alternative THF.Tetramethylene sulfide is available equally, but it has foul smell.
E. contain the natural aromatic substance of oxygen: be natural product any compound of---can such as but not limited to from plant, extracting and having at least one hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, aldehyde, ketone, ether or ester functional group on the aromatic ring system of being connected to (, comprising substituted benzene ring) or a product of its arbitrary combination and all combinations---as phenyl ring.This flash-point is preferably about 60 ℃ to about 160 ℃, and more preferably about 90 ℃ to 110 ℃, most preferably 101 ℃.Be not limited by principle of work, think at present except that other compound, contain flame front inhibitor, corrosion inhibitor and cosolvent that the natural aromatic substance of oxygen is served as associating as known in the art like that.Contain the natural aromatic substance of oxygen and include but not limited to wintergreen oil, allylguaiacol, Whitfield's ointment, phenylacrolein, thymol, phenyl aldehyde, salicylic aldehyde, allylguaiacol and their synthetic or natural analog and derivative.Preferably containing the natural aromatic substance of oxygen at present is wintergreen oil.
F. pure: the alcohol in the present embodiment is lower alkyl alcohol normally, as C1 to C4 alcohol, more specifically is methyl alcohol, ethanol (95% ethanol), Virahol and butanols.As known to persons of ordinary skill in the art, be applicable to that other alcohol of the present invention comprises such as but not limited to propyl alcohol, amylalcohol and primary isoamyl alcohol.Carbon atom should be preferably about 4 to 1, more preferably 3 to 1, most preferably 2 to 1 or 1 to 1 with the solvability of promotion in aqueous environments to the ratio of hydroxy functional group, and promotes the polarity of said composition and the compatibility between the non-polar component.Those of ordinary skills it is further known, it will be suitable to about 1 hydroxy functional group to about 4 carbon to any alcohol or the alcohol mixture of the ratio of about 1 hydroxy functional group that about 1 carbon is provided.
G. mixture A: mixture A comprise about 78% contain the natural aromatic substance of oxygen, comprise wintergreen oil, phenylacrolein and allylguaiacol.
H. wintergreen oil: wintergreen oil is a wintergreen oil.Be not limited by principle of work, think that at present wintergreen oil serves as flame front inhibitor, corrosion inhibitor and the cosolvent of associating.This product can be available from ROUGIER PHARMA (DIN 00336211).
I. low-flash petroleum naphtha: petroleum naphtha is the different volatile inflammable liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of a class, mainly is used for raw material at steam cracker preparation alkene as being used for reforming process and petrochemical industry in the refinery.It also is used for the solvent purposes of chemical industry.The content of paraffin, naphthenic hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbons is low in the low-flash petroleum naphtha.It mainly is a short chain alkanes, is preferably C5 and C6 paraffinic hydrocarbons, more preferably is mainly the C5 paraffinic hydrocarbons, most preferably comprises about 60% v/v to about 70% v/v C5 paraffinic hydrocarbons.It is also referred to as sherwood oil.In order to be used in the compressed air engine, petroleum naphtha herein has and is not higher than approximately-35 ℃, more preferably has approximately-40 ℃ to about-50 ℃ flash-point.
J. middle flash-point petroleum naphtha: in order to be used in the compressed air engine, middle flash-point petroleum naphtha herein has and is not higher than approximately-22 ℃, more preferably about-25 ℃ to about-35 ℃ flash-point, and constitute to the aromatic hydrocarbons of about 99% v/v paraffin and naphthenic hydrocarbon and no more than about 5% v/v by about 50%v/v, preferably constitute to the about aromatic hydrocarbons of 99%v/v paraffin and naphthenic hydrocarbon and no more than about 2%v/v, most preferably constitute to the paraffin of about 98% v/v and the aromatic hydrocarbons of naphthenic hydrocarbon and no more than 1.5% v/v by about 90% v/v by about 85% v/v.Following is that expression comprises the non exhaustive property example that is used in the material of petroleum naphtha of the present invention as qualification:
White gasoline
Coleman TMFuel
Shellite
Middle distillate
Petroleum distillate
K. middle flash-point is to the low-flash petroleum naphtha: have and be not higher than approximately-22 ℃ flash-point, have highly to approximately-22 ℃ and low at least about any petroleum naphtha of flash-point of-50 ℃ usually, and can be flash-point petroleum naphtha in the 100% low-flash petroleum naphtha to 100%.
L. high-flash naphtha: high-flash naphtha herein can comprise VM﹠amp; The P petroleum naphtha.High-flash naphtha have about 7 ℃ to about 24 ℃ flash-point.
M. petroleum distillate: petroleum distillate herein be flash-point be approximately-22 ℃ to about any petroleum distillate of-50 ℃, and by at least a formation in short chain alkanes (about at the most 12 carbon), paraffin and the naphthenic hydrocarbon.The aromatic hydrocarbons that preferably has no more than about 5% v/v.
II. describe
Developed the alcohol-group fuel composition, in embodiments with for example the butanols of development﹠ testing, Virahol, ethanol and methyl alcohol-Ji fuel composition be example.Unless indicate separately, the percentage ratio of each component is based on volume v/v, and no matter this component is liquid or solid.Fig. 1 shows general formula.It is the flexible fuel (flexible fuel) that contains the alkoxide component that mixes.This makes it can become 89 octane fuel used in the 87 octane value gasoline that use in the evaporation type engine and the fuel-injection engine and the alternative fuel of 91 octane fuel.
Following table summarized consider the working range of component.
Petroleum naphtha Alcohol Peanut oil Mixture A and/
(low or middle flash-point) Or wintergreen oil
Working range 44-71％ 10-45％ 1-2％ 0.25％-17％
Embodiment 1
Used composition is presented in the following table:
The low-flash petroleum naphtha Virahol Peanut oil Mixture A Wintergreen oil
Volume 178 67 1 2 3
％(v/v) 71 27 0.3 0.7 1
The test of the Industrial Support Fuels andLubricants Group of Alberta Research Council provides down column data:
Sample 1 2 3 On average
Density kilogram/rice under 15 ℃ 3 738.7 747.2 751.5 745.8
Octane value, motor method 82.0 82.4 82.4 820.3
Octane value, organon 87.8 88.4 88.5 88.2
Sulphur, ppm microgram/gram <1 <1 <1 <1
Anti-knock index 84.9 85.4 85.4 85.2
Copper corrosion (50 ℃ following 3 hours) 1a 1a 1a 1a
Distillation back remaining (%) 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.3
The rideability index 406 412 411 408
Oxidative stability, minute >240 >240 >240 >240
Vapour pressure kPa 25.4 23.9 24.1 24.5
Zeltex TMOctane value analyzer reading provides 93.5 research octane number (RON) and 85.8 motor-method octane number.Also carry out AirCare TMTest.The identical automobile of test under identical operational conditions.The result is as follows:
rpm CHppm CO％ O 2％ CO 2％ NO Xppm
Gasoline 750 228 1.05 1.7 4.3 76
The present embodiment 750 0 .02 .6 4.1 6
Gasoline 2000 no-loads 105 1.23 1.2 4.3 195
The present embodiment 2000 no-loads 0 .12 .4 4.1 26
Gasoline 2100 have load 2 .27 0 4.7 1452
The present embodiment 2100 have load 2 .17 0 4.2 1258
Gasoline 2000 cruise 0 .29 .1 4.7 1011
The present embodiment 2000 cruise 1 .25 .1 4.2 917
Gasoline 3000 have load 0 .39 0 4.5 1956
The present embodiment 3000 have load 3 .23 0 4.2 717
Embodiment 2
On 1987 Honda, 1600 engines, test M7.5: gasoline mixture at gasoline.This engine selected as engine more reliable and commonly used in the four cylinder auto production lines (line) one of them.Although it surpasses 26,000 kilometers abundant break-in through using, it was not overhauled.Remove all and pollute control device, as catalytic converter.
Use Zeltex TMThe octane value analyzer is measured octane value.Use Ferret TMThe discharge tstr is measured discharge in real time.Test formulations is collected simultaneously from the discharge of sample, and by GC-MS(gas chromatography-mass spectrography) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis.The result shows and does not have ozone, do not have aromatic substance and do not have formaldehyde.In discharge, only obviously there is methyl nitrite.
M7.5
Component Percentage ratio
Petroleum naphtha (middle flash-point) 54
Methyl alcohol 29
Peanut oil .4
Virahol 10.5
Wintergreen oil 6
Octane value: 93.5
M7.5: gasoline 50:50
RPM Moment of torsion HP HC CO O2 CO2 NOX Working time 1
2500 115 23 29.3 .08 5.53 10.63 720 10.76
HC CO O2 CO2 NOX Working time 1
Percentage ratio 2 126 127 170 86 25 99
Proofread and correct 3 126 127 170 86.6 25 100
1Working time is by minute/liter
2The per-cent of gaseous effluent
3 proofread and correct to the per-cent of the gaseous effluent of 100% gasoline working time
M7.5: gasoline 75:25
RPM Moment of torsion HP HC CO O2 CO2 NOX Working time 1
2500 113 22 42.6 .083 6.2 10 313 10.08
HC CO O2 CO2 NOX Working time 1
Percentage ratio 2 103 132 190 81 11 93
Proofread and correct 3 110 142 204 87 11.5 100
1Working time is by minute/liter
2The per-cent of gaseous effluent
3The per-cent of the gaseous effluent of correction to 100% gasoline working time
Embodiment 3
On 1987 Honda, 1600 engines, test M7.5B at 89 and 92 octane value gasoline.This engine selected as engine more reliable and commonly used in the four cylinder auto production lines (line) one of them.Although it surpasses 26,000 kilometers abundant break-in through using, it was not overhauled.Remove all and pollute control device, as catalytic converter.
Use Zeltex TMThe octane value analyzer is measured octane value.Use Ferret TMThe discharge tstr is measured discharge in real time.Test formulations is collected simultaneously from the discharge of sample, and by GC-MS(gas chromatography-mass spectrography) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis.The result shows and does not have ozone, do not have aromatic substance and do not have formaldehyde.In discharge, only obviously there is methyl nitrite.
M7.5B
Component Percentage ratio
Petroleum naphtha (middle flash-point) 54
Methyl alcohol 29
Peanut oil .4
Butanols 10.5
Wintergreen oil 6
RPM Moment of torsion HP HC CO O 2 CO 2 NOX Working time 1
2500 118 23 116 .08 5.7 10.5 152 11.24
HC CO O 2 CO 2 NOX Working time 1
Percentage ratio 2 100 109 259 79 5.5 89
Proofread and correct 3 112 122 291 89 6 100
1Working time is by minute/liter
2The per-cent of gaseous effluent
3The per-cent of the gaseous effluent of correction to 100% gasoline working time
Test formulations is collected simultaneously from the discharge of sample, and by GC-MS(gas chromatography-mass spectrography) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis.The result shows and does not have ozone, do not have aromatic substance and do not have formaldehyde.In discharge, only obviously there is methyl nitrite.
Embodiment 4
M7.5B
Component Percentage ratio
Petroleum naphtha (middle flash-point) 54
Methyl alcohol 29
Peanut oil .4
Butanols 10.5
Wintergreen oil 6
Octane value: 89.9
To being mixed with the Terraline of butanols (M7.5B) TMThe actual road test that M carries out shows that running car is normal.At first use 87 octane value gasoline by the following route Chrysler minivan (fuel-injection engine) that drives a car, this route comprises 50 kilometers areas, stop sign, 90 kilometers areas and stop light.From system, take gasoline away, in system, stay to be no more than and estimate the .5 liter.Subsequently the M7.5B above 10 liters is added this system.Automobile normally starts.It is tested under identical riving condition subsequently, and just it is further along road running, and floors and test the acceleration of highway speed by will speed up device, carries out standard from stop light in addition and drives.The driver reports that the rideability of this fuel is identical with gasoline.
Embodiment 5
Other composition of following test:
M21
Component Percentage ratio
Petroleum naphtha (middle flash-point) 59
Methyl alcohol 34
Peanut oil .4
Butanols --
Wintergreen oil 6
Very poor combustion ground operation in the evaporation type engine, and have low emission, but specific power is lower mutually with M7.5B or M7.5.
M33
Component Percentage ratio
Petroleum naphtha (low-flash) 70
Methyl alcohol 23
Peanut oil .4
Butanols --
Wintergreen oil 6
Very rich combustion ground operation in the evaporation type engine, and have than M7.5B or the high discharging of M7.5.
M32
Component Percentage ratio
Petroleum naphtha (low-flash) 59
Methyl alcohol 34
Peanut oil .4
Phenylacrolein 6
It is the same with M7.5B good to move, and has the discharging suitable with M7.5 with M7.5B.
M21-W+ mixture A
Component Percentage ratio
Petroleum naphtha (in or low-flash) 59
Methyl alcohol 34
Peanut oil .4
Butanols --
Mixture A 6
The result is basic identical with M21.
M34
Component Percentage ratio
Petroleum naphtha (middle flash-point) 59
Methyl alcohol 34
Peanut oil .4
Butanols --
Wintergreen oil 6
Result M21 basic and in the evaporation type engine is identical, but its very poor combustion ground operation.
M10
Composition Percentage ratio
Petroleum naphtha (low-flash) 56
Methyl alcohol 24
Peanut oil .4
Virahol 10.5
Wintergreen oil 6
Very well operation on the evaporation type engine.
M3
Component Percentage ratio
Petroleum naphtha (low-flash) 52
Methyl alcohol 34
Peanut oil 1
Virahol 7
Wintergreen oil 6
Very well operation on the evaporation type engine.
Embodiment 6
M15
Component Percentage ratio
Petroleum naphtha (low-flash) 62
Methyl alcohol 27
Peanut oil .4
Virahol 11
HC CO O2 CO2 NOX
Gas percentage ratio 50 128 156 89 65
Discharging is higher than the composition that contains mixture A or wintergreen oil or phenylacrolein.Use standard vaporizer part is tested corrosion in corrosion test.Not obviously corrosion.
Embodiment 7
On fuel-injection engine, test ethanol composition.87 octane value gasoline samples when this test is included in the test beginning.
Gasoline
HC 5
CO .05
CO2 10.4
O2 1.6
NOX 3900
Rpm 2500
Moment of torsion 163
Horsepower 32
E21
Component Percentage ratio
Petroleum naphtha (middle FP) 59.6
Ethanol (95%) 34
Peanut oil .4
Wintergreen oil 6
Because polarity and non-polar component unmixing can't be tested.
E40B
Component Percentage ratio
Petroleum naphtha (middle FP) 59.6
Ethanol (95%) 24
Peanut oil .4
Butanols 10
Mixture A 6
HC 3
CO .08
CO2 9.2
O2 2200
NOX 2500
Rpm 2500
Moment of torsion 150
Horsepower 30
E41B
Component Percentage ratio
Petroleum naphtha (middle FP) 64.6
Ethanol (95%) 24
Peanut oil .4
Butanols 5
Mixture A 6
HC 5
CO .07
CO2 9.3
O2 3.6
NOX 2400
Rpm 2500
Moment of torsion 150
Horsepower 30
E42B
Component Percentage ratio
Petroleum naphtha (middle FP) 54.6
Ethanol (95%) 24
Peanut oil .4
Butanols 15
Wintergreen oil 6
HC 0
CO .07
CO2 9.1
O2 3.8
NOX 2100
Rpm 2500
Moment of torsion 134
Horsepower 28
Power output is lower than other composition.
E43B
Component Percentage ratio
Petroleum naphtha (middle FP) 54.6
Ethanol (95%) 29
Peanut oil .4
Virahol
Butanols 10
Wintergreen oil 6
HC 1
CO .07
CO2 9.1
O2 4.1
NOX 2000
Rpm 2500
Moment of torsion 133
Horsepower 27
Power is low.
Embodiment 8:
Further test comprises a kind of ethanol composition of selection, and with respect to 87 octane value gasoline it is tested to measure discharge, working time, measures then at gauged discharge working time:
Gasoline
HC 12
CO .41
CO2 9.9
O2 1.2
NOX 3300
Rpm 2500
Moment of torsion 150
Horsepower 30
Working time 8.03 minute/liter
The E7.5B mixture
Component Percentage ratio
Petroleum naphtha (middle FP) 54
Ethanol 29
Peanut oil .4
Butanols 10.5
Wintergreen oil 6
At proofreading and correct working time
HC 0 0
CO .08 .087
CO2 8.2 8.98
O2 4.2 4.6
NOX 2060 2256
Rpm 2500
Moment of torsion 153
Horsepower 30
Working time Minute/liter 7.33 (91.3% gasoline)
Embodiment 9:
The following Virahol composition of on fuel-injection engine, testing:
Gasoline
HC 12
CO .41
CO2 9.9
O2 1.2
NOX 3300
Rpm 2500
Moment of torsion 150
Horsepower 30
Working time 8.03 minute/liter
The I7.5B mixture
Component Percentage ratio
Petroleum naphtha (middle FP) 54
Virahol 29
Peanut oil .4
Butanols 10.5
Wintergreen oil 6
At proofreading and correct working time
HC 0 0
CO .06 .064
CO2 8.5 9.06
O2 3.8 4.05
NOX 2500 2665
Rpm 2500
Moment of torsion 154
Horsepower 30
Working time Minute/liter 7.53 (93.8% gasoline)
Embodiment 10:
Test butanols composition on fuel-injection engine.87 octane value gasoline samples when test is included in the test beginning.
Gasoline
HC 5
CO .05
CO2 10.4
O2 1.6
NOX 3900
Rpm 2500
Moment of torsion 163
Horsepower 32
B10B
Component Percentage ratio
Petroleum naphtha (middle FP) 54
Butanols 39.5
Peanut oil .4
Wintergreen oil 6
HC 3
CO .05
CO2 9.2
O2 3.7
NOX 2700
Rpm 2500
Moment of torsion 163
Horsepower 32
Embodiment 11:
Improve this engine to comprise water spray system (TECTANE H2O injector), assess the performance of fuel subsequently.
Figure A200780041605D00351
The M7.5B mixture
Component Percentage ratio
Petroleum naphtha (middle FP) 54
Methyl alcohol 29
Peanut oil .4
Butanols 10.5
Wintergreen oil 6
Figure A200780041605D00361
The E7.5B mixture
Component Percentage ratio
Petroleum naphtha (middle FP) 54
Ethanol 29
Peanut oil .4
Butanols 10.5
Wintergreen oil 6
Figure A200780041605D00371
The I7.5B mixture
Component Percentage ratio
Petroleum naphtha (middle FP) 54
Virahol 29
Peanut oil .4
Butanols 10.5
Wintergreen oil 6
Figure A200780041605D00381
Embodiment 12:
The a series of natural aromatic substance of oxygen that contain of a kind of selected composition test of following use:
Gasoline
HC 50
CO .09
CO2 10.8
O2 1.5
NOX 3500
Rpm 2500
Moment of torsion 150
Horsepower 30
The M7.5B mixture
Component Percentage ratio
Petroleum naphtha (middle FP) 54
Methyl alcohol 29
Peanut oil .4
Butanols 10.5
Wintergreen oil 6
HC 1
CO .08
CO2 9.0
O2 4.0
NOX 1800
Rpm 2500
Moment of torsion 150
Horsepower 30
M7.5B mixing allylguaiacol
Component Percentage ratio
Petroleum naphtha (middle FP) 54
Methyl alcohol 29
Peanut oil .4
Butanols 10.5
Allylguaiacol 6
HC 8
CO .12
CO2 9.1
O2 4.0
NOX 1800
Rpm 2500
Moment of torsion 150
Horsepower 30
M7.5B mixing phenylacrolein
Composition Percentage ratio
Petroleum naphtha (middle FP) 54
Methyl alcohol 29
Peanut oil .4
Butanols 10.5
Phenylacrolein 6
HC 7
CO .1
CO2 9.1
O2 4.3
NOX 1500
Rpm 2500
Moment of torsion 150
Horsepower 30
Embodiment 13:
At selected many composition assessment discharges and working time.The result is used for assessing the effectiveness that various fuel compositions respectively contain the natural aromatic substance of oxygen.
Gasoline
HC 82
CO .18
CO2 10.7
O2 2.5
NOX 2900
Rpm 2500
Moment of torsion 150
Horsepower 30
Working time
The M7.5B mixture
Component Percentage ratio
Petroleum naphtha (middle FP) 54
Methyl alcohol 29
Peanut oil .4
Butanols 10.5
Wintergreen oil 6
At proofreading and correct working time
HC 55 65
CO .06 .07
CO2 7.8 9.2
O2 5.3 6.2
NOX 1600 1880
Rpm 2500
Moment of torsion 150
Horsepower 30
Working time 6.75 minute/liter 85% gasoline
M7.5B mixing allylguaiacol
Component Percentage ratio
Petroleum naphtha (middle FP) 54
Methyl alcohol 29
Peanut oil .4
Butanols 10.5
Allylguaiacol 6
At proofreading and correct working time
HC 26 32
CO .11 .13
CO2 8.4 10.4
O2 4.4 5.4
NOX 1500 1975
Rpm 2500
Moment of torsion 150
Horsepower 30
Working time 6.42 minute/liter 81% gasoline
M7.5B mixing Whitfield's ointment
Composition Percentage ratio
Petroleum naphtha (middle FP) 54
Methyl alcohol 29
Peanut oil .4
Butanols 10.5
Whitfield's ointment (solid) 6
At proofreading and correct working time
HC 17 20.5
CO .07 .084
CO2 7.8 9.4
O2 5.2 6.3
NOX 1000 1200
Rpm 2500
Moment of torsion 150
Horsepower 30
Working time 6.6 minute/liter 83% gasoline
Embodiment 14:
Preparation is also tested the percentage ranges of multiple composition with each component of assessment available.To point out that at first middle flash-point petroleum naphtha is used interchangeably, or also can use two kinds any mixture.Therefore, flash-point for approximately-22 ℃ to approximately-50 ℃ and at least a any petroleum distillate of comprising in short chain alkanes, paraffin and the naphthenic hydrocarbon are considered to also can substitute petroleum naphtha.Study by substituting petroleum naphtha with 87 octane value gasoline.Although the known multiple additives that contains of gasoline, the main body of typical gasoline are by the hydrocarbon composition of 5 to 12 carbon atoms of per molecule, therefore the main body of typical gasoline can be considered to petroleum distillate.The composition and the result of this fuel are as follows:
Gasoline 7.5B
Component Percentage ratio
87 octane value gasoline 54
Methyl alcohol 29
Peanut oil .4
Butanols 10.5
Wintergreen oil 6
HC 22
CO .10
CO2 9.9
O2 4.0
NOX 2245
Rpm 2500
Moment of torsion 146
Horsepower 28
Comparatively speaking, gasoline produces following test result:
Gasoline
HC 82
CO .18
CO2 10.7
O2 2.5
NOX 2900
Rpm 2500
Moment of torsion 150
Horsepower 30
Although the advantage of said composition is so big not as use petroleum naphtha in composition, but still reduces 72% hydrocarbon, minimizing 45% carbon monoxide, reduce 7% carbonic acid gas, increase by 60% oxygen and reduce 23%NOx.Point out that this engine does not have smooth running, the fuel consumption height is even power output is low also like this.Conclusion is, flash-point for approximately-22 ℃ to approximately-50 ℃ and at least a any petroleum distillate of comprising in short chain alkanes, paraffin and the naphthenic hydrocarbon can substitute petroleum naphtha.
Contain few alcohol or do not contain alcohol composition can be used as fuel, still, discharge significantly is not better than the discharge from gasoline.Significantly reduce the required minimum pure content of discharge and be about 20%, still, few alcohol to 10% still provides some advantage.Maximum pure content is about 45%.
The methanol-based fuel that is tried is that about 23% methyl alcohol is to about 34% methyl alcohol.Make pure content up to about 45% (about 35% methyl alcohol and about 10% Virahol or butanols) methyl alcohol and Virahol or butanols mixing energy.Note, mix herein and refer to prepare the composition that contains methyl alcohol and Virahol or butanols simply.If use the low-flash petroleum naphtha, methanol content can be increased to about 37% in the presence of about 5% Virahol or butanols.Any combination that is known that butanols and Virahol is equally used with methyl alcohol essentially identical result can be provided.
The ethanol-based fuel that is tried is from about 16% ethanol to 34% ethanol.Make pure content up to 42% (about 34% ethanol and about 8% Virahol or butanols) ethanol and Virahol or butanols mixing energy.Note, mix herein and refer to prepare the composition that contains ethanol and Virahol or butanols simply.Any combination that is known that butanols and Virahol is equally used with ethanol essentially identical result can be provided.Be known that any combination of ethanol and methyl alcohol equally, wherein percent of total can use so that essentially identical result to be provided with Virahol and/or butanols from about 16% to about 34%.
The Virahol base fuel that is tried from about 27% to about 40% Virahol.Similarly, test contains the butanols base fuel of about at the most 40% butanols.Be known that any combination that can use Virahol and butanols is to provide essentially identical result.
Petroleum naphtha content in the various fuel compositions that tried is 44% to about 71%.Can use higher petroleum naphtha content, but along with petroleum naphtha content improves, the advantage that surmounts gasoline aspect discharge diminishes.
The content that contains the oxygen aromatic substance that is tried is for being low to moderate 0.25% to up to about 17%.Lack the Virahol base fuel that contains the oxygen aromatic substance and can be used as fuel, but this fuel is corrosive.Can expect similar result for butanols base fuel.In these fuel, need alternative anticorrosive agent.Preparation lacks the ethanol-based fuel that contains the oxygen aromatic substance.Having found needs trimethylpentane so that said composition can be used in the motor car engine.In addition, it is corrosive lacking the fuel that causes that contains the oxygen aromatic substance.Therefore, need alternative corrosion inhibitor.
The peanut oil content that is tried is about 0.5-2%.Such as is known to persons skilled in the art, can use higher amount, for example high to about 5% peanut oil.Also tested the peanut oil of transesterify, and thought that it may be better than peanut oil in the fuel injection type system.Any other suitable vegetables oil process transesterify also may be better than the vegetables oil without transesterify similarly.
The front is the description of embodiment of the present invention.Such as is known to persons skilled in the art, can estimate can not change the variation scheme of the scope of the invention.Derivative and analogue that this includes but not limited to various combination, the different pure isomer of alcohol and contains the natural aromatic substance of oxygen.

Claims (51)

1. composition as fuel or fuel dope, comprise in flash-point to the low-flash petroleum naphtha, at least a have about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms to the alcohol of the ratio of 1 hydroxy functional group, at least a lubricating oil and at least a natural aromatic substance of oxygen that contains, wherein said contain the natural aromatic substance of oxygen (i) have about 60 ℃ to about 160 ℃ flash-point, (ii) have at least one oxygen-containing functional group, and (iii) dissolve in described composition.
2. the composition of claim 1 comprises about 44% to about 71%v/v middle flash-point to low-flash petroleum naphtha, about 10% and contains the natural aromatic substance of oxygen to about 5%v/v lubricating oil and about 0.3% to 17%v/v to about 34%v/v alcohol, about 0.5%.
3. claim 1 or 2 composition, wherein said at least a alcohol is selected from methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, Virahol, butanols, isopropylcarbinol, the trimethyl carbinol and combination thereof.
4. each composition of claim 1 to 3, wherein said at least a alcohol is:
(i) one of them of methyl alcohol or ethanol or methyl alcohol and alcoholic acid combination; Or
(ii) one of them of the combination of butanols or Virahol or butanols and Virahol.
5. each composition of claim 1 to 4, the wherein said natural aromatic substance of oxygen that contains is selected from wintergreen oil, phenylacrolein, Whitfield's ointment, allylguaiacol, their analogue and derivative and combination thereof.
6. each composition of claim 1 to 5, wherein said to contain the natural aromatic substance of oxygen be wintergreen oil.
7. each composition of claim 1 to 6, wherein said lubricating oil is high flash point, high lubricity oil.
8. the composition of claim 7, wherein said high flash point, high lubricity oil are peanut oil.
9. each composition of claim 1 to 8, wherein said alcohol is methyl alcohol.
10. each composition of claim 1 to 8, wherein said alcohol is ethanol.
11. the composition of claim 1 comprises about 44% to about 71%v/v middle flash-point to low-flash petroleum naphtha, about 35% and contains the natural aromatic substance of oxygen to about 5%v/v lubricating oil and about 0.3% to 17% to about 40%v/v butanols or Virahol or its mixture, about 0.5%.
12. the composition as fuel or fuel dope comprises:
Flash-point is approximately-22 ℃ to approximately-50 ℃ and comprise at least a petroleum distillate in short chain alkanes, paraffin and the naphthenic hydrocarbon;
At least a have about 1 to the alcohol of about 4 carbon atoms to the ratio of 1 hydroxy functional group;
At least a lubricating oil; With
At least a natural aromatic substance of oxygen that contains, wherein said contain the natural aromatic substance of oxygen (i) have about 60 ℃ to about 160 ℃ flash-point, (ii) have at least one oxygen-containing functional group, and (iii) dissolve in described composition.
13. the composition of claim 12, the wherein said natural aromatic substance of oxygen that contains is selected from wintergreen oil, phenylacrolein, Whitfield's ointment, allylguaiacol, their analogue and derivative and combination thereof.
14. the composition of claim 12 or 13, wherein said at least a alcohol is:
(i) one of them of methyl alcohol or ethanol or methyl alcohol and alcoholic acid combination; Or
(ii) one of them of the combination of butanols or Virahol or butanols and Virahol.
15. each composition of claim 12 to 14, wherein said lubricating oil is peanut oil.
16. each composition of claim 12 to 15 comprises:
About 44% to about 71%v/v petroleum distillate;
About 10% to about 34%v/v alcohol, and wherein said alcohol is one of them of (i) methyl alcohol or ethanol or methyl alcohol and alcoholic acid combination; Or (ii) one of them of combination of butanols or Virahol or butanols and Virahol;
About 0.5% to about 5%v/v lubricating oil; With
About wintergreen oil of 0.3% to 17%v/v, phenylacrolein, Whitfield's ointment, allylguaiacol, their analogue and derivative and combination thereof.
17. the composition of claim 16 comprises about 59%v/v petroleum distillate, the approximately methyl alcohol of 34%v/v or ethanol or its combination, approximately 0.5%v/v peanut oil and about 6%v/v wintergreen oil.
18. the composition of claim 13 comprises about 44% and contains the natural aromatic substance of oxygen to about 5%v/v lubricating oil and about 0.3% to 17%v/v to about 71%v/v petroleum distillate, about butanols of 35% to about 40%v/v, Virahol or its mixture, about 0.5%.
19. a composition that is used to reduce discharged nitrous oxides, described composition comprise the alcohol of petroleum distillate, at least a C1 to C4, at least a lubricating oil and at least a natural aromatic substance of oxygen that contains, the described natural aromatic substance of oxygen that contains:
(i) have about 50 ℃ to about 160 ℃ flash-point;
(ii) has at least one oxygen-containing functional group; And
(iii) dissolve in described composition.
20. the composition of claim 19 comprises about 50% to about 70%v/v middle flash-point petroleum naphtha, about 10% to about 45%v/v have and be no less than about 14 carbon atoms the alcohol of the ratio of about 11 hydroxy functional groups, about high flash point of 0.5% to about 2%v/v, high lubricity oil and about 3% to 10%v/v contained the natural aromatic substance of oxygen.
21. the composition of claim 20, the wherein said natural aromatic substance of oxygen that contains is selected from wintergreen oil, phenylacrolein, Whitfield's ointment, allylguaiacol, their analogue and derivative and combination thereof.
22. the composition of claim 21 comprises flash-point petroleum naphtha among about 54%v/v, approximately 29%v/v methyl alcohol, approximately high flash point, high lubricity oil, the approximately butanols of 10.5%v/v or Virahol and the about 6%v/v wintergreen oil of 0.5%v/v.
23. the composition of claim 21 comprises flash-point petroleum naphtha among about 54%v/v, approximately 29%v/v ethanol, approximately high flash point, high lubricity oil, approximately 10.5%v/v butanols or Virahol and the about 6%v/v wintergreen oil of 0.5%v/v.
24. each composition of claim 1 to 23 further comprises gasoline.
25. the composition of claim 24, wherein gasoline account for described composition about 10% to about 90%v/v.
26. a method comprises:
(i) flash-point was to low-flash petroleum naphtha, alcohol, lubricating oil with contain the composition of the natural aromatic substance of oxygen during preparation comprised, and wherein said alcohol has about 1 to the ratio of about 4 carbon atoms to 1 hydroxy functional group;
(ii) with described composition with about 0% to about 90%v/v gasoline mix with the preparation fuel; With
(iii) use described operating fuel engine.
27. the method for claim 26, wherein said at least a contain the natural aromatic substance of oxygen (i) have about 60 ℃ to about 160 ℃ flash-point, (ii) have at least one oxygen-containing functional group, and (iii) dissolve in described composition.
28. composition as fuel or fuel dope, during described composition comprises flash-point to the low-flash petroleum naphtha, at least a have about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms to the alcohol of the ratio of 1 hydroxy functional group, at least a high flash point, high lubricity oil and wintergreen oil, wherein said petroleum naphtha and described alcohol account for described composition about 88% to about 96%v/v.
29. the composition of claim 28 further comprises gasoline.
30. a method comprises:
(i) provide the petroleum distillate that comprises flash-point and be not higher than-22 ℃, at least aly have about 1 to the composition of about 4 carbon atoms to the component of the alcohol of the ratio of 1 hydroxy functional group, at least a high flash point, high lubricity oil and at least a cosolvent, flame front inhibitor and corrosion inhibitor as associating; With
(ii) make fuel with described composition.
31. being further defined to, the method for claim 30, wherein said composition comprise about 50% component to cosolvent, flame front inhibitor and the corrosion inhibitor of about 70%v/v petroleum distillate, about 20% to about 35%v/v described alcohol, about high flash point of 0.3% to about 2%v/v, high lubricity oil and about conduct of 3% to 6%v/v associating.
32. the method for claim 30 or 31, wherein said composition comprise flash-point petroleum naphtha among about 54%v/v, about 29%v/v methyl alcohol, about 10.5% Virahol or butanols, about 0.5%v/v peanut oil and about 6%v/v wintergreen oil.
33. the method for claim 30 or 31, wherein said composition comprise flash-point petroleum naphtha among about 54%v/v, about 29%v/v ethanol, about 10.5% Virahol or butanols, about 0.5%v/v peanut oil and about 6%v/v wintergreen oil.
34. the method for claim 30, wherein said composition comprise about 45%v/v butanols.
35. the method for claim 30, wherein said composition comprise about 45%v/v Virahol.
36. a method comprises:
The petroleum naphtha that comprises flash-point and be not higher than-22 ℃ is provided, at least aly has about 1 to the composition of about 4 carbon atoms to the component of the alcohol of the ratio of 1 hydroxy functional group, at least a high flash point, high lubricity oil and at least a cosolvent, flame front inhibitor and corrosion inhibitor as associating; With
Make fuel with described composition.
37. the method for claim 32, wherein said composition comprise in about 50% to about 70%v/v to the component of cosolvent, flame front inhibitor and the corrosion inhibitor of low-flash petroleum naphtha, about 20% to about 35%v/v described alcohol, about high flash point of 0.3% to about 2%v/v, high lubricity oil and about conduct of 3% to about 6%v/v associating.
38. the method for claim 37, wherein said composition further comprise about 10.5%v/v butanols.
39. the method for claim 37, wherein said composition further comprise about 10.5%v/v Virahol.
40. a minimizing is from spark ignition, the gasoline method for the oxynitride in the discharge of engine fuel, described method comprises:
(i) flash-point was to low-flash petroleum naphtha, alcohol, lubricating oil with contain the composition of the natural aromatic substance of oxygen during preparation comprised;
(ii) with described composition with about 0 to about 90%v/v gasoline mix with the preparation fuel;
(iii) supply fuel to engine with described fuel; With
(iv) move described engine,
Reduce the oxynitride in the described emissions from engines thus.
41. the method for claim 40, wherein said alcohol have about 1 to the ratio of about 4 carbon to 1 hydroxy functional group, and the described at least a natural aromatic substance of oxygen that contains is characterised in that it:
(i) have about 50 ℃ to about 160 ℃ flash-point;
(ii) has at least one oxygen-containing functional group; And
(iii) dissolve in described composition.
42. the purposes that composition acts as a fuel, described composition comprise flash-point and are not higher than-22 ℃ petroleum distillate, at least aly have about 1 to the component of about 4 carbon to the alcohol of the ratio of 1 hydroxy functional group, at least a high flash point, high lubricity oil and at least a cosolvent, flame front inhibitor and corrosion inhibitor as associating.
43. the purposes of claim 42, wherein said composition are further defined to the component of the cosolvent, flame front inhibitor and the corrosion inhibitor that comprise about 50% to about 70%v/v described petroleum naphtha, about 20% to about 45%v/v described alcohol, about high flash point of 0.3% to about 2%v/v, high lubricity oil and about conduct of 3 to 6%v/v associating.
44. the purposes of claim 42 or 43, wherein said composition comprise flash-point petroleum naphtha among about 54%v/v, about 29%v/v methyl alcohol, about 10.5% Virahol or butanols, about 0.5%v/v peanut oil and about 6%v/v wintergreen oil.
45. each purposes of claim 42 to 44, wherein said composition comprises about 10.5%v/v butanols.
46. each purposes of claim 42 to 44, wherein said composition comprises about 10.5%v/v Virahol.
The purposes of additive 47. composition acts as a fuel, described composition comprise flash-point and are not higher than-22 ℃ petroleum naphtha, at least aly have about 1 to the component of about 4 carbon to the alcohol of the ratio of 1 hydroxy functional group, at least a high flash point, high lubricity oil and at least a cosolvent, flame front inhibitor and corrosion inhibitor as associating.
48. the purposes of claim 47, wherein said composition are further defined to the component of the cosolvent, flame front inhibitor and the corrosion inhibitor that comprise about 50% to about 70%v/v described petroleum naphtha, about 20% to about 45%v/v described alcohol, about high flash point of 0.3% to about 2%v/v, high lubricity oil and about conduct of 3 to about 6%v/v associating.
49. the purposes of claim 47 or 48, wherein said composition comprise flash-point petroleum naphtha among about 54%v/v, about 29%v/v methyl alcohol, about 10.5% Virahol or butanols, about 0.5%v/v peanut oil and about 6%v/v wintergreen oil.
50. the purposes of claim 49, wherein said composition comprise about 10.5%v/v butanols.
51. the purposes of claim 49, wherein said composition comprise about 10.5%v/v Virahol.
CNA2007800416053A 2006-11-08 2007-11-08 Fuel or fuel additive composition and method for its manufacture and use Pending CN101548000A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102719285A (en) * 2012-06-27 2012-10-10 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 Phase stabilizer and methanol gasoline added with phase stabilizer
CN105400554A (en) * 2015-12-31 2016-03-16 王丹 Methanol gasoline efficient composite additive and preparation method thereof
CN105646115A (en) * 2015-12-29 2016-06-08 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 In-situ combustion chemical fire lighter, and preparation method and application thereof
CN112029546A (en) * 2020-08-31 2020-12-04 洋浦傲立石化有限公司 Non-metal anti-knock additive and preparation method thereof

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102719285A (en) * 2012-06-27 2012-10-10 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 Phase stabilizer and methanol gasoline added with phase stabilizer
CN105646115A (en) * 2015-12-29 2016-06-08 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 In-situ combustion chemical fire lighter, and preparation method and application thereof
CN105646115B (en) * 2015-12-29 2018-09-04 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 A kind of chemic ignition agent of combustion in situ and its preparation method and application
CN105400554A (en) * 2015-12-31 2016-03-16 王丹 Methanol gasoline efficient composite additive and preparation method thereof
CN105400554B (en) * 2015-12-31 2017-02-01 太原理工大学 Methanol gasoline efficient composite additive and preparation method thereof
CN112029546A (en) * 2020-08-31 2020-12-04 洋浦傲立石化有限公司 Non-metal anti-knock additive and preparation method thereof

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