CN101413928A - Fowl egg crack rapid on-line nondestructive detection device and method based on acoustic characteristic - Google Patents
Fowl egg crack rapid on-line nondestructive detection device and method based on acoustic characteristic Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device used for quick online nondestructive detection on cracks of poultry eggs on the basis of acoustic characteristic and a method thereof; the poultry egg is arranged on a supporting idler wheel; a stepping motor is connected with the supporting idler wheel and drives the supporting idler wheel; a microphone which is arranged beside the poultry egg is sequentially connected with a computer by a signal amplifier, a filter and an A/D converter; when the poultry egg rolls on a chain, different parts of the poultry egg are mechanically knocked at multi-point by a knocking rod; sound signals collected by the microphone are amplified by the signal amplifier, filtrated by the filter and converted by the A/D converter and subsequently input to the computer, thus comprehensively judging the cracking situation of the poultry eggs. The device and the method can adapt to poultry eggs with different types and different sizes, realize the classification and automatic detection of the poultry eggs during the production processing and circulation process, and can be popularized and applied to the nondestructive detection on the hardness and the maturity of agricultural products such as fruits, vegetables, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of detection, refer in particular to based on online quick nondestructive pick-up unit of the fowl egg crack of acoustic characteristic and method thereof at fowl egg crack.
Background technology
Birds, beasts and eggs are the nutraceutical that suit the taste of both old and young, but at present no matter are that the export volume or the processing of the depth of birds, beasts and eggs of bright egg is all less relatively, and its main cause is that the standardization processing facility and the means of birds, beasts and eggs are all relatively backward.In birds, beasts and eggs production, operation, process, birds, beasts and eggs are damaged easily.In the detection of damaged birds, beasts and eggs, the eggshell crackle is the most undistinguishable, but it is very big to the eggs ' quality influence.Along with the prolongation of time, the crackle of damaged egg can change from small to big, and microorganism etc. easily in cracks infringement egg, cause freshness to reduce, even putrid and deteriorated.Therefore, effectively detecting fast of eggshell crackle is one of of paramount importance link in processing of birds, beasts and eggs product and the storage and transport process.
At present, the Non-Destructive Testing research method to the bird egg crackle mainly contains following several.(1) utilize machine vision technique to detect the eggshell crackle.Along with the reduction of computer hardware cost, the raising of arithmetic speed and the development of image processing techniques, machine vision technique obtains preliminary application in quality of agricultural product research and context of detection, and is more and more being paid close attention to aspect the egg product quality researchs such as detection crackle, blood cake.Some scholars gather crack egg and intact egg image by machine vision both at home and abroad, and have set up the mathematical model of relevant detection fowl egg crack.But when the applied for machines vision technique detects damaged birds, beasts and eggs,, be difficult to realize that the birds, beasts and eggs surface image gathers comprehensively, easily cause the omission of Information Monitoring because machine vision is by regular time continuous acquisition image at interval; In addition, the birds, beasts and eggs surface is unholiness, and noise such as stain or foreign matter can cause the accuracy rate of detection to reduce greatly in the image; And, image deflects algorithm more complicated, detection speed is slow.(2) utilize the dynamics of birds, beasts and eggs to detect the eggshell crackle.The damaged great majority of egg are because dynamic load causes, so seem very meaningful for the research of egg dynamics.Present research mainly is that the coherent signal that utilizes the impact of birds, beasts and eggs or vibration characteristics to obtain detects fowl egg crack.Because the systematic comparison complexity that the kinetic measurement fowl egg crack detects causes this research still to rest on the theoretical level.(3) utilize the acoustic characteristic of birds, beasts and eggs to detect the eggshell crackle.Because the generation of sound is because the vibrational energy of object transmits to air, thereby produces vibration.Voice signal mainly comprises the frequency and the intensity of sound.From the vibration mechanics angle, when crackle appears in the eggshell of birds, beasts and eggs, the rigidity of its structure and ratio of damping will change thereupon, will inevitably be reflected on its mode natural frequency and the damping ratio.Empirical data shows that natural frequency descends along with the aggravation of crackle, and its damping ratio then increases along with the expansion of crackle, and especially the mode of upper frequency is more obvious.Because the increase of damping ratio causes vibration propagation to be obstructed.Therefore, the oppressiveness of having a husky voice that has the egg product of crackle to be hit and to send, intact egg product sounding is clear and melodious, and this utilizes acoustic characteristic to detect the ultimate principle of distinguishing normal egg and crack egg just.
In recent years, utilize acoustic characteristic to carry out the existing more research of agricultural product Non-Destructive Testing and use,, and develop the instrument that detects fruit quality according to acoustic characteristic as inside qualities such as the degree of ripeness of measuring watermelon, pear and other fruits according to acoustic characteristic, hardness.
At present, at home, utilize acoustic characteristic to detect the existing relevant bibliographical information of egg cracks.With the time domain specification signal of sensor acquisition egg after knocking, and, can judge that the frequency domain character of flawless egg has similar regularity, and crackle egg frequency domain character irregularities is arranged do not have tangible dominant frequency value by signal spectral analysis.But these are breadboard fundamental research, and the online detection in realizing suitability for industrialized production also has a segment distance.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for overcome prior art not in, quick online the cannot-harm-detection device of a kind of fowl egg crack based on Principles of Acoustics and method thereof are provided, this device can be gathered the accuracy rate height of fowl egg crack information and collection comprehensively, and the robotization that this method can be applicable in the birds, beasts and eggs production and processing and the process of circulation detects.
The technical scheme that the present invention is based on the quick online the cannot-harm-detection device employing of fowl egg crack of acoustic characteristic is: birds, beasts and eggs are placed on the support roller, stepper motor connects and drives support roller, is arranged on the other microphone of birds, beasts and eggs and is connected to computing machine with signal amplifier, wave filter and A/D converter successively.
The quick online lossless detection method of fowl egg crack that the present invention is based on acoustic characteristic is as follows:
A, stepper motor roll birds, beasts and eggs by the chain drive support roller on chain, knock the different parts of birds, beasts and eggs simultaneously with stamp multiple spot machinery, send sound;
B, the corresponding voice signal of microphone collection, the signal that collects is the input computing machine after signal amplifier amplification, filter filtering and A/D converter A/D conversion;
C, will import computing machine signal through signal Processing and pattern recognition analysis, comprehensive distinguishing fowl egg crack situation.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, because the natural frequency of crack egg and intact egg is different, stamp machinery knocks the characteristic signal spectrogram difference that the back produces, utilize this principle, pattern classification system is analyzed birds, beasts and eggs and is knocked the power spectrum that obtains during with high-precision real, carry out comprehensive detection, can be used for differentiating intact egg and crack egg, pick out damaged egg, thereby the birds, beasts and eggs quality is guaranteed.Can realize that the robotization in the birds, beasts and eggs production and processing and the process of circulation detects, also can be applied to mechanical index such as bird egg intensity simultaneously and be applied to the Non-Destructive Testing of agricultural product hardness such as fruits and vegetables and degree of ripeness.
2, the present invention provides flexible technology simultaneously, promptly can control the dynamics of knocking of knocking device and knock frequency, dissimilar to adapt to, different big or small birds, beasts and eggs.
3, the present invention adopts multiple road multiple spot machinery on the production line to knock birds, beasts and eggs in the rolling, can knock birds, beasts and eggs near the position of fowl egg crack as much as possible like this, exhaustively knocks to guarantee crack site.Because it is also not quite identical that the crack position difference of birds, beasts and eggs, bird egg are knocked the signal of generation, knocking device is at the characteristic frequency spectrum that more may gather the crackle eggshell near the position of fowl egg crack.
4, the present invention provides application foundation for classification, the automated production of birds, beasts and eggs, compare with present artificial cognition, information more comprehensively, reliability, repeatability are stronger; The present invention simultaneously adopts multiple road knocking device to knock birds, beasts and eggs simultaneously, can detect a plurality of birds, beasts and eggs samples simultaneously, is applicable to online detection.
5, the present invention will be based on the high-new detection means of computer technology, be applied to both can liberate the labour in the bird egg testing process, get rid of people's interference caused by subjective factors, has the strong testing result advantages of higher of automaticity, for condition has been created in the processing of the birds, beasts and eggs standardization of products.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is the detection principle schematic of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the pick-up unit synoptic diagram of support roller 2 and associated components among Fig. 1;
Among the figure: 1, stepper motor, 2, support roller, 3, stamp, 4, microphone, 5, signal amplifier, 6, wave filter, 7, A/D converter, 8, computing machine, 9, birds, beasts and eggs, 10, the engineering plastics platform, 11, chain; 12, stamp bracing frame.
Fig. 3 is sound signal collecting of the present invention and handles synoptic diagram;
Fig. 4 is a DSP input disposal system frame diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, 2, apparatus of the present invention are made up of birds, beasts and eggs bracing or strutting arrangement, the processing of knocking responding device, signals collecting and conditioning, response signal and four parts of comprehensive distinguishing.
The bracing or strutting arrangement of birds, beasts and eggs 9 is made up of one group of support roller 2, and birds, beasts and eggs 9 are placed on the support roller 2.The stepper motor 1 (20-60 rev/mins) of being furnished with speed regulator connects and driving support roller 2, is arranged on birds, beasts and eggs 9 other microphones 4 and is connected to computing machine 8 with signal amplifier 5, wave filter 6 and A/D converter 7 successively.
Support roller 2 is concatenated into the rolling chain of two-layer sealing up and down by chain 11, and each support roller 2 joins with chain 11, and birds, beasts and eggs 9 are between two support rollers 2 of upper strata rolling chain.Stepper motor 1 drives support roller 2 by chain 11 and moves ahead.Stamp bracing frame 12 is set above birds, beasts and eggs 9, and the upper end of stamp 3 is fixed on the bracing frame 12, the lower end free end contact birds, beasts and eggs 9 of stamp 3.
An engineering plastics platform 10 is set below the support roller 2 of upper strata rolling chain, and microphone 4 is fixed on the engineering plastics platform 10; The quantity of microphone 4 and stamp 3 is identical with the quantity of birds, beasts and eggs 9 and positions position and birds, beasts and eggs 9 are corresponding, so that each microphone 4 is accepted the sound that corresponding stamp 3 knocks corresponding birds, beasts and eggs 9.Support roller 2 move ahead in the process contact with below engineering plastics platform 10 and by friction to realize its rolling.The material of support roller 2 is engineering plastics, and its shape is to form according to a plurality of birds, beasts and eggs 9 sharp processings, moves ahead so that birds, beasts and eggs 9 steadily roll.
The birds, beasts and eggs knocking device is used to knock birds, beasts and eggs 9, produces response signal and knocks frequency adjustable.The system of knocking is a driving force with stepper motor 1, knocks frequency by Single-chip Controlling.The dynamics of knocking is by solenoid controlled, can change attractive force by changing voltage, reaches the purpose of adjusting the dynamics of knocking, and the frequency of knocking is by Single-chip Controlling, the dynamics of knocking and frequency that can be relevant according to the concrete situation adjustment of dissimilar birds, beasts and eggs 9.
Signals collecting and conditioning system are used for the collection and the conditioning of signal, and the signal that birds, beasts and eggs 9 obtain after knocking device knocks need pass through relevant conditioning could be used for computing machine 8 next step processing.Knocking response signal is to gather (parameter index: dynamic microphones, single sensing type, sample frequency 20-20KHz) with microphone 4.What microphone 4 was exported is faint voltage signal, this signal generally is tens millivolts and arrives the hundreds of millivolt, could be after must amplifying it to its further processing, the acp chip of the amplifier that native system adopts is the amplifier INA217 of TI company, and the relevant peripheral circuit of design, connect microphone 4 and sound card.Contain a large amount of HF noise signal in the signal of microphone 4 outputs, in digital signal processing, these high-frequency signals will " fold " in lower frequency and produce aliasing, therefore, before carrying out the A/D conversion, must carry out anti-aliasing filter to signal and handle; What microphone 4 sent is simulating signal, and 8 in computing machine treatable all be digital signal, therefore must finish conversion and the A/D conversion of simulating signal to digital signal, filtering and A/D that native system is finished signal by sound card change, send a signal to Computer Processing, as shown in Figure 3.
The processing of response signal and comprehensive distinguishing are further handled the line frequency analysis of spectrum of going forward side by side to the response signal of obtaining, and whether comprehensive distinguishing is the crackle birds, beasts and eggs.This system comprises that the reading of threshold triggers, signal, signal Processing and the result of signal differentiate four parts.In order to guarantee the work efficiency of system, native system has designed and knocked after the birds, beasts and eggs 9 is the threshold triggers system of acquired signal, and system reads the signal after the triggering, obtains the time-domain diagram of the two-dimentional voice signal intensity of time-amplitude.The time-domain signal that system obtains obtains the power spectrum of signal through fast fourier transform (FFT), the power spectrum signal that obtains is through further filtering and noise reduction entering signal discrimination module, in this module, the power spectrum signal is carried out analyzing and processing, obtain a result at last, differentiate whether these birds, beasts and eggs 9 are crack egg, in man-machine interface a pilot lamp is arranged, generally, pilot lamp is in idle state, if these birds, beasts and eggs 9 of distinguish of system are crack eggs, pilot lamp starts, and lamp is bright, shows that these birds, beasts and eggs 9 are crackle birds, beasts and eggs.
The present invention adopts the DSP signal processing system to finish the collection of voice signal, processing and differentiation.Form by signal amplification circuit, filtering circuit, A/D change-over circuit, threshold values trigger circuit (trigger and interrupt), DSP minimum system, branch stage drive circuit, classification topworks, PC communication interface etc.After knocking device knocks birds, beasts and eggs 9, sound transducer is gathered the voice signal that eggshell sends, signal is after amplification, filtering and A/D conversion, enter in the dsp chip central processing unit, digital signal is carried out processing such as digital filtering, FFT conversion by DSP,, send signal driving classification topworks by DSP at last and reject damaged egg by after the spectrum analysis eggshell situation being differentiated, system is by realizing mutual exchanges data with communicating by letter of PC, as shown in Figure 4.
Signal Spectrum Analysis comprises the Fourier transform of signal, power spectrum density estimation, and the analysis of some characteristic signals.Native system takes fast fourier transform that the resulting time-domain signal of system is transformed to the frequency domain power spectrum, helps the further analysis of signal.Still there is the part undesired signal in the voice signal that collects through behind the hardware filtering, carries out software filtering by smoothing denoising, principal component analysis (PCA), independent component analysis and normalization scheduling algorithm and remove random noise in native system.For the signal after handling, the ratio of frequency band power area under spectrum, the characteristic parameters such as frequency distribution of different parts are delivered to DSP signal processing system comprehensive distinguishing before and after the predominant frequency value of native system extraction resonance peak correspondence, power spectrum area, the extra peak of high band power spectrum amplitude, the unique point.
DSP signal processing system comprehensive distinguishing is meant that each birds, beasts and eggs 9 experience one-time mechanicals knock the T register that its acoustic phase induction signal of back is sent to the DSP central processing unit and temporarily deposit, after whole No. 11 machineries of birds, beasts and eggs 9 process production lines knock, the data that birds, beasts and eggs 9 are knocked in 11 times of T register gained are delivered to the Pattern Recognition Knowledge storehouse of the fowl egg crack response signal of being set up, and whether these birds, beasts and eggs 9 of comprehensive distinguishing are the crackle birds, beasts and eggs.
The quick online lossless detection method of the present invention is operated as follows:
A, stepper motor 1 drive support roller 2 by chain 11, and birds, beasts and eggs 9 are rolled on chain 11, and each birds, beasts and eggs 9 travels forward on rolling limit, production line top;
B, a plurality of stamps 3 that driven by stepper motor 1 are arranged on stamp bracing frame 12, birds, beasts and eggs 9 knock by subline experience multiple road multiple spot machinery, can knock birds, beasts and eggs 9 near the position of fowl egg crack as much as possible like this, exhaustively knock to guarantee crack site;
C, each birds, beasts and eggs 9 knock each time by microphone 4 and gather after signal amplifier 5 carries out Filtering Processing by the logical 6 pairs of signals of self-adaptation hardware filtering device of Ba Er Butterworth band after putting;
Signal after D, the Filtering Processing converts thereof into discrete time-domain signal by A/D converter 7 and delivers into the DSP data handling system of input computing machine 8;
E, convert discrete time signal to the power spectrum signal, and the power spectrum signal is carried out the further filtering and noise reduction of independent component analysis, lms algorithm and wavelet analysis, extract effective information by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT);
F, to its power spectrum area of information extraction behind the filtering and noise reduction, the power spectrum variance, maximum resonance peak power spectrum amplitude value, the characteristic parameters such as average of first three power spectrum amplitude are analyzed;
G, each birds, beasts and eggs 9 knock the temporary in dsp system after filtering and noise reduction and feature extraction of back signal each time;
Whether H, comprehensively discern repeatedly knocking the birds, beasts and eggs signal characteristic by the pattern recognition model of setting up, differentiating it is the crackle birds, beasts and eggs;
The differentiation result that I, DSP detect birds, beasts and eggs can obtain testing result, and crack egg is further handled by the upper and lower computer PC of communicating by letter in PC.
Describe the present invention again in detail below by embodiment:
Embodiment
The present invention is embodiment with the egg, and the detection of other birds, beasts and eggs product can specifically at the evaluation criterion of the sample of being surveyed, be set up a new knowledge base with reference to the method for this embodiment, just can test this series products.
Select a collection of egg immediately, manual detection is routinely judged the crackle situation of egg earlier, and the position of detail record crackle and size, then with these eggs as master sample, use Non-Destructive Testing knocking device that it is carried out Non-Destructive Testing based on Principles of Acoustics, start stepper motor 1 and knock the egg eggshell, the voice signal that knocks through microphone 4 gather laggard go into sound card to its amplify, filtering and A/D conversion of signals, finally import Computerized analysis system.Signal to input computing machine 8 carries out pre-service such as independent component analysis and small echo variation, and the frequency distribution of the ratio of the predominant frequency value of selective reaonance peak correspondence, power spectrum area, the extra peak of high band power spectrum amplitude, unique point front and back frequency band power area under spectrum and different parts is as characteristic parameter then.In order to satisfy the rate request of online detection, adopt simply fast the linear discriminant model to judge that whether tested egg has crackle, sets up knowledge base to the characteristic parameter that is extracted.
An egg needs to knock through No. 11 machineries on production line, every experience one-time mechanical knocks the T register that its acoustic phase induction signal of back is sent to DSP and temporarily deposits, after whole No. 11 machineries of egg process production line knock, the data that birds, beasts and eggs are knocked in 11 times of T register gained are delivered to the Pattern Recognition Knowledge storehouse of the egg cracks response signal of being set up, and whether this egg of comprehensive distinguishing is crack egg.
Claims (7)
1. quick online the cannot-harm-detection device of the fowl egg crack based on acoustic characteristic, it is characterized in that: birds, beasts and eggs (9) are placed on the support roller (2), stepper motor (1) connects and drives support roller (2), is arranged on the other microphone (4) of birds, beasts and eggs (9) and is connected to computing machine (8) with signal amplifier (5), wave filter (6) and A/D converter (7) successively.
2. the quick online the cannot-harm-detection device of the fowl egg crack based on acoustic characteristic according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described support roller (2) is concatenated into the rolling chain of two-layer sealing up and down by chain (11), birds, beasts and eggs (9) are positioned between two support rollers (2) of upper strata rolling chain, in the top of birds, beasts and eggs (9) stamp bracing frame (12) is set, the upper end of stamp (3) is fixed on the bracing frame (12), the lower end free end contact birds, beasts and eggs (9) of stamp (3).
3. the quick online the cannot-harm-detection device of the fowl egg crack based on acoustic characteristic according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: support roller (2) below at upper strata rolling chain is provided with an engineering plastics platform (10), and microphone (4) is fixed on the engineering plastics platform (10); The quantity of described microphone (4) and stamp (3) is identical with the quantity of birds, beasts and eggs (9) and positions position and birds, beasts and eggs (9) are corresponding.
4. quick online lossless detection method of the fowl egg crack based on acoustic characteristic is characterized in that as follows:
A, stepper motor (1) drive support roller (2) by chain (11), birds, beasts and eggs (9) are gone up at chain (11) rolled, and knock the different parts of birds, beasts and eggs (9) with stamp (3) multiple spot machinery simultaneously, send sound;
B, microphone (4) are gathered corresponding voice signal, and the signal that collects is input computing machine (8) after signal amplifier (5) amplification, wave filter (6) filtering and A/D converter (7) A/D conversion;
C, will import computing machine (8) signal through signal Processing and pattern recognition analysis, comprehensive distinguishing fowl egg crack situation.
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