CN101259046A - Titanium individuation mandibula prosthesis and preparation - Google Patents
Titanium individuation mandibula prosthesis and preparation Download PDFInfo
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- CN101259046A CN101259046A CNA2007100378602A CN200710037860A CN101259046A CN 101259046 A CN101259046 A CN 101259046A CN A2007100378602 A CNA2007100378602 A CN A2007100378602A CN 200710037860 A CN200710037860 A CN 200710037860A CN 101259046 A CN101259046 A CN 101259046A
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Abstract
The invention relates to individualized mandible prosthesis of titanium alloy and a preparation method, which is applicable to a field of coaptation and repairing after a defect and loss of the mandible caused by injuries or tumors, etc. The individualized mandible prosthesis essentially consists of a substitute of a defected or lost part and connecting and positioning wing spans. The prosthesis is characterized in that the whole mandible of a patient is scanned by a CT or MRI fault scan; after processing the graph and image, soft tissues and hard tissues are separated according to the fault scan graph, thus a three-dimensional reconstruction of the mandible of the patient is realized; according to biological symmetry principle, a model of the unimpaired side of the mandible of the patient is used for a mirror image processing so as to obtain a mandible prosthesis model of the lost side of the mandible of the patient; the data of the prosthesis model are transformed and the connecting and fixing wing spans are designed on the model; a processing order of the model is input into a CNC processing center and the substitute prosthesis of the mandible of the patient is directly cut out. The mandible prosthesis produced by the invention has a good dynamic capacity and biological dynamic characteristics; the problem of an individualized match is directly solved; and the prosthesis is excellently matched with the mandible of the patient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention designs bio-medical prosthese field, is titanium individuation mandibula prosthesis and preparation technology specifically.
Technical background
Mandibular defect, disappearance are the current clinical problems that often runs into.The more because involving mandibular bone, innocent and malignant tumour excises the symptom that other interrupt as the mandibular bone seriality that wound and infection etc. causes.Cause patient's physiological function obstacle and facial deformity in various degree.On the other hand, but as the hard tissue alternate material of load, except that should possessing the good mechanical performance, also will have long-term effectively and form firm, stable maintenance with biological tissue, this is the basic guarantee that realizes replacing repair function.Bio-medical titanium or titanium alloy embedded material has the mechanical property that satisfies the clinical medicine requirement because of it, have excellent biological compatibility and corrosion resistance simultaneously, being widely used as various orthopedic dummies for a long time clinically, is one of modal metal material in the implant.
At present, the individuation mandibular bone rebuild to be repaired, and needs a large amount of operating time of cost, to bone grafting carry out moulding, piece together rightly, be difficult to obtain satisfied profile coupling.Mandibular bone is repaired for the masticatory function of recovering the patient, and improving its quality of life has important meaning.So the reconstruction reparation of mandibular bone should be considered the patient physiological functional rehabilitation, again in conjunction with patient's formalness.But, because the complexity of the organizational structure form of Different Individual is difficult to set up the prosthese true to nature that meets patient's requirement fully.
In individuation mandibular bone three-dimensional reconstruction field, along with the development of the technology of three-dimensional reconstruction, rapid shaping, there are a lot of research application several different methods to obtain the human lower jawbone threedimensional models, provide condition for realizing the damaged individuation reparation of mandibular bone segmental.
Wherein a part is to utilize three-dimensional reconstruction, rapid shaping technique to combine with three-dimensional reconstruction titanium plate immobile phase, it is prefabricated mandibular bone model, on mock-up, bend reconstruction titanium plate, utilize reconstruction plate that free bone grafting is fixed with moulding, reach the purpose that individuation is repaired.But the design concept of reconstruction plate is the synthetism reparation, makes damaged skeleton butt joint fixing, does not consider the biomechanics characteristic of patient from the body bone, and is damaged for the bulk bone, after the employing reconstruction plate is repaired, and patient's epidermis muscular tissue depression, it is attractive in appearance directly to influence the patient.And, the insufficient strength of reconstruction plate, mandibular bone is subjected to effects such as gmatjpdumamics, masticatory force, and the titanium plate causes operative failure because of the fatigue of materials fracture easily.According to investigations, this class malpractice is mostly because due to the reconstruction plate fracture.
Other method is to combine with three-dimensional reconstruction, rapid shaping technique, precision casting technology, utilize rapid shaping technique, make the resin prosthese, with the phosphate investment embedding, turn over the accurate model of system, utilize the disposable casting of vacuum titanium founding machine, foundry goods takes out the back ash propel polish and handles, cast out individuation titanium net, inner bone grafting can obtain the excellent repairing profile.But direct pouring goes out titanium individuation prosthese.Though making, this class individuation prosthese can prepare accurate relatively, the good implant of profile,, higher to equipment requirements, the foundry goods internal microstructure is loose, and the surface treatment difficulty does not reach clinical instructions for use far away.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, utilize CT three-dimensional reconstruction technology to combine with the CNC Numeric Control Technology, directly according to patient CT tomoscan data, realize the three-dimensional reconstruction of mandibular bone, and by model conversion technology and CNC Computerized Numerical Control processing technology, accurately duplicate mandibular bone sclerous tissues, customization individuation mandibular bone substitute, particularly bulk mandibular bone segmental is damaged effectively to repair mandibular bone.
Technical scheme of the present invention (Fig. 1) is gathered patient's two dimension CD/MRI slice of data, by graph and image processing, the tomoscan image is carried out the soft or hard separate tissue, realizes patient's mandibular bone three-dimensional reconstruction; According to biological symmetry principle, utilize the patient to perfect side mandibular bone model, do mirror image processing, obtain the mandibular prostheses model of the damaged side of patient; Model is carried out data transaction, on model, design simultaneously and be connected and fixed the span; With the processing instruction input CNC machining center of model, directly cut patient's mandibular bone substitute prosthese.Concrete steps are:
A) data acquisition: the whole mandibular bone of patient is carried out CT or MRI tomoscan, obtain the tomoscan data;
B) graph and image processing: utilize image processing techniques, patient's tomoscan data are carried out graph and image processing,, set boundary threshold, carry out the soft or hard separate tissue, extract mandibular bone osseous tissue outline data according to the gray value of soft or hard tissue;
C) three-dimensional reconstruction: according to the osseous tissue outline data that extracts, import anti-software or the reverse engineering software asked, realize patient's whole mandibular bone three-dimensional reconstruction;
D) data transaction: according to biological symmetry principle, utilize the patient to perfect side mandibular bone model, do mirror image processing, obtain the mandibular prostheses model of the damaged side of patient;
E) be connected and fixed span design: on model, design and be connected and fixed the span, model is carried out data transaction, model data is converted to numer centre processing instruction.
F) machining simulation: the processing instruction input CNC machining center with model, utilize the CNC digital control processing, directly cut
Patient's mandibular bone substitute prosthese and be connected and fixed the span.
Advantage of the present invention:
Compare the feature such as the table one of product of the present invention with existing Related product (following reconstruction of jaw plate, hot investment casting individuation artificial joint etc.):
Table one: main performance relatively
| Numbering | Item compared | The individuation mandibular prostheses | Pure titanium reconstruction plate | Existing mandibular prostheses (rapid shaping+microcast process preparation) |
| 1 | Body biomechanics feature accordance | Meet | Do not meet | Substantially meet |
| 2 | Prosthese intensity | High | Low | Medium |
| 3 | Material microstructure | Fine and close, even | Fine and close, even | Loose |
| 4 | The difficulty of process of surface treatment | Difficult | Easily | Difficult |
| 5 | Surface character | Can apply the bionical class hydroxyapatite coating layer of porous | Polishing/sandblast | Polishing/sandblast |
| 6 | The repairing effect aesthetic property | Good | Difference | Good |
| 7 | Corrosion resistance | High | High | Higher |
| 8 | Biocompatibility | Well | Well | Good |
| 9 | Plasticity | Need not | Need prefabricated | Need not |
Major advantage of the present invention is:
1. individuation design and manufacturing meet the body biomechanics feature, and product can reach the optimum matching with patient's normal bone, helps postoperative rehabilitation and functional rehabilitation.
2. adopt the CAD/CAM technology, can shorten the prosthese process-cycle, the section of subtracting the patient seek medical advice the cycle.Prosthetic surface can be carried out bionical active the processing, helps realizing the bone induced growth, promotes that osteoblast sticks, and improves the compatibility and the corrosion resistance of dummy and tissue.
3. adopt the CNC digital control processing, both can protect the positive product precision of i, the clinical medicine thorny problems such as surface treatment difficulty that can avoid traditional casting method to cause again.The use medical titanium is made, and prosthese is in light weight, intensity height, not easy fracture.
Transplant with the bone of the anastomosis of blood vessel of complexity and to compare, can simplify operation, reduce operation wound, improve patient's life quality.Meet modern medical mode, have good self development space.
The present invention has adopted design and the production technology that is different from traditional orthopaedics inner matter fully, based on three-dimensional reconstruction, success realizes the conversion and the unification of data, adopt computer-aided design manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and numerical control machining simulation (CNC) method, need not to make plastic pattern, reduce prosthese Production Time, realize manufacturing and designing fast, clinical medicine thorny problems such as the material mechanical performance deterioration of avoiding simultaneously causing, surface treatment difficulty because of the hot investment casting processing method.This a series of technological innovation is not adopt exhaustedly fully in the past, reaches advanced world standards, and more general mandibular bone reconstruction plate, handsome in appearance, complex structure, precision height.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a technical scheme of the present invention
Fig. 2 is the two-dimensional ct slice map
Fig. 3 three-dimensional reconstruction model
Fig. 4 titanium individuation mandibula prosthesis (band condyle shape is prominent monolateral fixing)
Fig. 5 titanium individuation mandibula prosthesis (the damaged double-side fastening of lower jaw member)
Embodiment 1:
The right side is monolateral is with condylar individuation mandibular prostheses preparation, technical scheme in 1 in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and specific embodiments of the invention are as follows:
1.1 the number pick is gathered
Adopt the scanning of patient's two-dimensional ct, the CT machine is a GE MEDICAL SYSTEMS/LightSpeed-16 type, and scan mode adopts helical scanning, slice thickness is 1.25mm, and filter function is STAND, obtains 75 images altogether, form is the DICOM file, and Fig. 2 is one of sectioning image.
1.2 graph and image processing and three-dimensional reconstruction
Utilize image processing techniques, patient's scan-data of cutting into slices is carried out graph and image processing, be organized in the different gray values that have in the CT image according to soft or hard, set boundary threshold, carry out the soft or hard separate tissue, eliminate noise data, after the correcting distortion step, obtain mandibular bone osseous tissue outline data.According to the osseous tissue outline data that extracts, import anti-software (Pro/engineer) or the reverse engineering software (Geomagic studio) asked, realize patient's whole mandibular bone three-dimensional reconstruction, as Fig. 3 (a).Unify symmetry principle according to human body cranium jaw face form, utilize the patient to perfect side (embodiment is the left side) mandibular bone model, do mirror image processing, obtain the mandibular prostheses model of the damaged side of patient, as Fig. 3 (b), output format is * .stl.
1.3 model conversion
Because the current CT equipment of each clinical unit both at home and abroad has nothing in common with each other, as GE, SIEMENS, PHILIPS, HITACHI etc., the output data file form has nothing in common with each other, promptly allow to carry out three-dimensional reconstruction, but its model can not be directly applied for CAD/CAM software and use, and brings very big difficulty for date processing, data transaction, so, must realize the system of each data, the three-dimensional reconstruction model is carried out data transaction.* the .stl file is actually wire-frame model, these type of data can directly import wired meta-analysis software or rapid forming equipment uses, but can not import CAD/CAM software uses, model is carried out data transaction, must be converted to the entity surface model to wire-frame model, being about to * .stl format conversion is * .igs formatted file, as Fig. 3 (c); Again entity surface model data are converted to numer centre processing instruction.
1.4 machining simulation
Adopt computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM), adopt monolateral pair of secured in parallel span design, go out a fixedly span near the root of the tooth partial design, in the span, design 1 screw hole, near designing the another one span in the lower jaw member bottom, fixedly design two screw holes in the span at this, three screw fixed holes altogether, triangle distributes.Adopt numerical control machining simulation (CNC) method, the tool feeding amount is 0.10mm, directly cuts patient's mandibular bone substitute prosthese, as shown in Figure 4.Simultaneously, according to patient's needs, can be in the individuation prosthese, the reserved part mesh both can weight reduction, can do necessary preparation for bone grafting again, can realize that heterogeneous bone and non-vascularization rebuild in conjunction with rebuilding from the body free bone.
Embodiment 2:
Left side lower jaw member damaged class individuation prosthesis preparation, technical scheme in 1 in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, specific embodiments of the invention are as follows:
1.1 data acquisition
Adopt the scanning of patient's two-dimensional ct, the CT machine is a GE MEDICAL SYSTEMS/LightSpeed-16 type, and scan mode adopts helical scanning, and slice thickness is 1.25mm, and filter function is STAND, obtains 86 images altogether, and form is the DICOM file.
1.2 graph and image processing and three-dimensional reconstruction
Utilize image processing techniques, patient's scan-data of cutting into slices is carried out graph and image processing, be organized in the different gray values that have in the CT image according to soft or hard, set boundary threshold, carry out the soft or hard separate tissue, eliminate noise data, after the correcting distortion step, obtain mandibular bone osseous tissue outline data.According to the osseous tissue outline data that extracts, import anti-software (Pro/engineer) or the reverse engineering software (Geomagic studio) asked, realize patient's whole mandibular bone three-dimensional reconstruction.Unify symmetry principle according to human body cranium jaw face form, utilize the patient to perfect side (embodiment is the right side) mandibular bone model, do mirror image processing, obtain the mandibular prostheses model of the damaged side of patient, output format is * .stl.
1.3 model conversion
Because the current CT equipment of each clinical unit both at home and abroad has nothing in common with each other, as GE, SIEMENS, PHILIPS, HITACHI etc., the output data file form has nothing in common with each other, promptly allow to carry out three-dimensional reconstruction, but its model can not be directly applied for CAD/CAM software and use, and brings very big difficulty for date processing, data transaction, so, must realize the unification of each data, the three-dimensional reconstruction model is carried out data transaction.* the .stl file is actually wire-frame model, these type of data can directly import wired meta-analysis software or rapid forming equipment uses, but can not import CAD/CAM software uses, model is carried out data transaction, must be converted to the entity surface model to wire-frame model, being about to * .stl format conversion is * .igs formatted file; Again entity surface model data are converted to numer centre processing instruction.
1.4 machining simulation
Adopt computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM), adopt bilateral two fixedly span design, near respectively designing a fixedly span in root of the tooth part both sides, in the span, respectively design 1 screw hole, near respectively designing the another one span in the lower jaw member bottom, fixedly respectively design 1 screw hole in the span at this, four screw fixed holes altogether, uniform distribution.Adopt numerical control machining simulation (CNC) method, the tool feeding amount is 0.10mm, directly cuts patient's mandibular bone substitute prosthese, as shown in Figure 5.Simultaneously, according to patient's needs, can be in the individuation prosthese, the reserved part mesh both can weight reduction, can do necessary preparation for bone grafting again, can realize heterogeneous bone and non-vascularization from the body free bone in conjunction with reconstruction.
Claims (7)
1. the preparation method of a titanium individuation mandibula prosthesis is characterized in that the preparation method of individuation mandibular prostheses is undertaken by following step successively:
A) data acquisition: the whole mandibular bone of patient is carried out CT or MRI tomoscan, obtain the tomoscan data;
B) graph and image processing: utilize image processing techniques, patient's tomoscan data are carried out graph and image processing,, set boundary threshold, carry out the soft or hard separate tissue, extract mandibular bone osseous tissue outline data according to the gray value of soft or hard tissue;
C) three-dimensional reconstruction: according to the osseous tissue outline data that extracts, import anti-software or the reverse engineering software asked, realize patient's whole mandibular bone three-dimensional reconstruction;
D) data transaction: according to biological symmetry principle, utilize the patient to perfect side mandibular bone model, do mirror image processing, obtain the mandibular prostheses model of the damaged side of patient;
E) be connected and fixed span design: on model, design and be connected and fixed the span, model is carried out data transaction, model data is converted to numer centre processing instruction.
F) machining simulation: the processing instruction input CNC machining center with model, utilize the CNC digital control processing, directly cut patient's mandibular bone substitute prosthese and be connected and fixed the span.
2. the preparation method of titanium individuation mandibula prosthesis according to claim 1 is characterized in that: according to the position of patient's mandibular defect, the spacing of setting the CT tomoscan should be not more than 2mm.
3. the preparation method of titanium individuation mandibula prosthesis according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: utilize graph and image processing software, be organized in gray value in the CT image, realize the separation of soft or hard tissue according to soft or hard, extract mandibular bone sclerous tissues, make up mandibular bone three-dimensional reconstruction model.
4. titanium individuation mandibula prosthesis according to claim 1 and preparation method thereof is characterized in that: utilize the patient to perfect the three-dimensional reconstruction model of side mandibular bone, do mirror image processing, obtain the mandibular prostheses model of the damaged side of patient.
5. titanium individuation mandibula prosthesis according to claim 1 and preparation method thereof is characterized in that: the three-dimensional reconstruction model is carried out data transaction, wire-frame model is converted to the entity surface model, be about to
*.stl format conversion is
*.igs formatted file.
6. titanium individuation mandibula prosthesis according to claim 1 and preparation method thereof is characterized in that: utilize the CNC digital control processing, directly cut patient's mandibular bone substitute prosthese and be connected and fixed the span.
7. titanium individuation mandibula prosthesis according to claim 1 and preparation method thereof, it is characterized in that: being connected and fixed the span has two kinds of methods for designing:
(1) for monolateral fixed type, adopt monolateral pair of secured in parallel span design, design the 1-3 screw fixed hole in each span, should be no less than 3 fixing holes on two fixed-wings at least.
(2) for the double-side fastening type, adopt fixedly span design of bilateral 3-4 altogether, each fixedly designs 1-3 screw fixed hole in the span at least.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNA2007100378602A CN101259046A (en) | 2007-03-07 | 2007-03-07 | Titanium individuation mandibula prosthesis and preparation |
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| CNA2007100378602A CN101259046A (en) | 2007-03-07 | 2007-03-07 | Titanium individuation mandibula prosthesis and preparation |
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| WO2009076758A1 (en) * | 2007-12-18 | 2009-06-25 | The Royal Institution For The Advancement Of Learning/Mcgill University | Orthopaedic implants |
| CN102415920A (en) * | 2011-07-27 | 2012-04-18 | 浙江工业大学 | Manufacturing method of individual stent used for mandibular defect tissue engineering repair |
| CN102614034A (en) * | 2012-03-12 | 2012-08-01 | 南京航空航天大学 | Layered quick design and manufacturing method for individualized artificial bone injection and solidification molding die |
| CN102813564A (en) * | 2012-08-23 | 2012-12-12 | 中国人民解放军第四军医大学 | Titanium alloy artificial bone/intramedullary nail compression fixation system and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103315829A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-09-25 | 中国人民解放军总医院 | Manufacturing method of individualized stent for repairing defect of more than four tooth positions on one side of low jawbone |
| CN103479450A (en) * | 2013-10-16 | 2014-01-01 | 中国人民解放军总医院 | Condyle prosthesis and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN104985183A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2015-10-21 | 华南协同创新研究院 | Low-elasticity-modulus titanium-based jawbone implant and preparation method thereof |
| CN105816232A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-08-03 | 南方医科大学 | Designing and forming method for anatomical bone plate of individuation bone model |
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| CN108578017A (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2018-09-28 | 深圳市艾科赛龙科技股份有限公司 | The construction method and bone tissue reparation preparation of bone tissue reparation body Model |
| CN109444937A (en) * | 2018-08-08 | 2019-03-08 | 北京木业邦科技有限公司 | Tree vigorous degree and Tending methods, device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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- 2007-03-07 CN CNA2007100378602A patent/CN101259046A/en active Pending
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| US9456902B2 (en) | 2007-12-18 | 2016-10-04 | The Royal Institution For The Advancement Of Learning/Mcgill University | Orthopaedic implants |
| CN107334565A (en) * | 2010-08-25 | 2017-11-10 | 史密夫和内修有限公司 | Scanned in operation for implant optimization |
| CN102415920A (en) * | 2011-07-27 | 2012-04-18 | 浙江工业大学 | Manufacturing method of individual stent used for mandibular defect tissue engineering repair |
| CN102614034B (en) * | 2012-03-12 | 2014-10-08 | 南京航空航天大学 | Layered quick design and manufacturing method for individualized artificial bone injection and solidification molding die |
| CN102614034A (en) * | 2012-03-12 | 2012-08-01 | 南京航空航天大学 | Layered quick design and manufacturing method for individualized artificial bone injection and solidification molding die |
| CN102813564A (en) * | 2012-08-23 | 2012-12-12 | 中国人民解放军第四军医大学 | Titanium alloy artificial bone/intramedullary nail compression fixation system and preparation method thereof |
| CN102813564B (en) * | 2012-08-23 | 2015-12-09 | 中国人民解放军第四军医大学 | A kind of preparation method of titanium alloy artificial bone/intramedullary nail compression fixation system |
| CN103157706A (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2013-06-19 | 柳州五菱汽车有限责任公司 | Sealed curved line pipe bending technology |
| CN103315829A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-09-25 | 中国人民解放军总医院 | Manufacturing method of individualized stent for repairing defect of more than four tooth positions on one side of low jawbone |
| CN103479450A (en) * | 2013-10-16 | 2014-01-01 | 中国人民解放军总医院 | Condyle prosthesis and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103750923A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-04-30 | 中山大学附属口腔医院 | Artificial temporal-mandibular joint based on selective laser melting technology and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN104473705A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-04-01 | 卢清君 | Head maxillofacial bone implant and method for quickly molding same |
| CN104985183A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2015-10-21 | 华南协同创新研究院 | Low-elasticity-modulus titanium-based jawbone implant and preparation method thereof |
| CN104985183B (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2017-10-24 | 华南协同创新研究院 | A kind of low elastic modulus titanium-based jawbone implant and preparation method thereof |
| CN105816232A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-08-03 | 南方医科大学 | Designing and forming method for anatomical bone plate of individuation bone model |
| CN106073870A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-11-09 | 南方医科大学 | A kind of facies articularis ossium is rebuild 3D and is printed the method repairing implant |
| CN106073870B (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2018-07-10 | 南方医科大学 | A kind of facies articularis ossium rebuilds the method that implant is repaired in 3D printing |
| CN106156511A (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2016-11-23 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of preparation method for complicated pelvis fracture of acetabulum personalization blade plate |
| CN106156511B (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2019-01-15 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of preparation method for complicated pelvis fracture of acetabulum personalization bone plate |
| CN107374786A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2017-11-24 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of prosthese manufacture method of personalized loose structure |
| CN108578017A (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2018-09-28 | 深圳市艾科赛龙科技股份有限公司 | The construction method and bone tissue reparation preparation of bone tissue reparation body Model |
| CN108578017B (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2020-10-30 | 深圳市艾科赛龙科技股份有限公司 | Method for constructing bone tissue prosthesis model and method for preparing bone tissue prosthesis |
| CN109444937A (en) * | 2018-08-08 | 2019-03-08 | 北京木业邦科技有限公司 | Tree vigorous degree and Tending methods, device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN109444937B (en) * | 2018-08-08 | 2021-04-02 | 北京木业邦科技有限公司 | Tree modeling and tending method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN109978831A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-07-05 | 成都真实维度科技有限公司 | A kind of acquisition methods of the normal reference value of the non-sclerotin modeling subregion volume ratio in joint |
| CN109978831B (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2021-02-19 | 成都真实维度科技有限公司 | Method for acquiring normal reference value of joint non-bone modeling partition volume ratio |
| CN111759541A (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2020-10-13 | 北京航天控制仪器研究所 | Method for forming full mandible prosthesis with variable-density porous structure |
| CN111759541B (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2023-05-09 | 北京航天控制仪器研究所 | Forming method of full mandibular prosthesis with variable-density porous structure |
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