CH716005A2 - Method and system for measuring at least one physical parameter for a bicycle. - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and system for measuring a physical parameter, such as a speed and / or a distance traveled by a vehicle at at least one wheel during its use by a user. The system comprises a permanent magnet (2) arranged on a front fork and a measuring circuit (3) with a magnetic sensor (31) arranged on a rim of the wheel at the same distance from the axis of rotation of the wheel as the permanent magnet. In use, the magnetic sensor passes in front of the permanent magnet, in order to generate an induced voltage pulse on each passage in front of the permanent magnet. The induced voltage is rectified and stored on a capacitor (C L) to supply the measurement circuit. A calculation of speed and / or distance traveled is performed in the calculation unit (34) clocked by an oscillator (33) on the basis of the induced voltage pulses received over time by knowing the value of the diameter of the wheel of the vehicle. Measurements made from the measuring circuit are transmitted to a portable device (4) worn by the user or mounted on the vehicle for display.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a method for measuring at least one physical parameter, such as a speed and / or a distance traveled by a vehicle with at least one wheel, such as a bicycle.

[0002] The invention also relates to a system for measuring at least one physical parameter, such as a speed and / or a distance traveled by a vehicle with at least one wheel, such as a bicycle for the implementation of the measurement process.

STATE OF THE ART

To measure a physical parameter, such as the speed of a vehicle having for example two wheels, it can be used a bluetooth type tachometer, which is generally provided with a battery for its power supply. . It is also known to use a speed measuring device with at least one permanent magnet arranged on a wheel of the vehicle and a magnetic sensor fixed for example on a fork of the vehicle to determine the passage of the magnet opposite the sensor during the rotation of the vehicle wheel. It is generally necessary to provide such a speed measuring device with a specific energy source, which complicates the structure of the device to be placed on the vehicle wheel and the way of carrying out the speed measurement.

[0004] US patent 5,335,188 describes a device for managing and comparing ideal performances, past and present on an exercise machine, such as a bicycle. To do this, there is provided at least one permanent magnet linked to the bicycle wheel, and a movement sensor on the bicycle fork for transmitting measurement signals by cable to a microprocessor unit arranged on the bicycle handlebars. A battery is provided to power the device. The motion sensor can detect the passage of the permanent magnet during the rotation of the wheel. This movement sensor acts as a magnetic sensor to determine the speed of rotation of the wheel as the magnet passes near said sensor and to deduce the distance traveled therefrom. As previously mentioned, a power source must be used, such as a battery for the operation of the measuring device, which complicates the structure of the device to be placed on the bicycle to perform the speed measurement.

[0005] Patent application US 2015/0285657 A1 describes a device for managing and recording a bicycle's activity. At least one magnet is provided on the spokes of a bicycle wheel, a control unit mounted on a bicycle fork, and a smartphone placed on the handlebars of the bicycle. The control unit includes in particular a Hall effect sensor to determine the passage of the magnet during the rotation of the bicycle wheel, a microprocessor with proprietary software identical to the smartphone software, a memory to store all the measurements made by the sensor (s). The device measures the speed of the bicycle and the distance traveled. However, an energy source must be provided for the control unit, which complicates the structure of the device to be placed on the bicycle in order to carry out the speed measurement.

[0006] The patent application DE 20 2012 011 461 U1 describes an electronic device for detecting the speed and mileage of a bicycle using at least one permanent magnet arranged on a spoke of a wheel and a sensor circuit, such as 'a Hall generator placed on a bicycle frame. The sensor circuit detects the passage of the permanent magnet and takes a supply voltage for the electronic device. A calculation of the distance traveled and the average speed can be performed. A data transmission unit is provided for data transmission to at least one receiver. The sensor circuit is not suitable for easily determining several quantities or physical parameters by a simple electrical supply following the passage of the permanent magnet during the rotation of the bicycle wheel.

[0007] Other physical parameters can be measured on a bicycle. It can be tire pressure measurement, ground type detection, ground temperature, angular acceleration by accelerometer or other types of measurement. In the case of measuring tire pressure, a pressure sensor circuit may be provided placed on the rim of the wheel at the level of the valve hole. This pressure sensor circuit is powered by a battery and has the ability to wirelessly communicate measurement signals such as the Hutchinson Connec'Tires product. However, a battery must be provided for supplying such a sensor circuit, which constitutes a drawback.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0008] The aim of the invention is therefore to alleviate the drawbacks mentioned above in order to simplify the measurement of at least one physical parameter, such as a speed and / or a distance traveled by a vehicle by providing with a minimum electrical energy information for example the speed and / or distance traveled by wireless transmission to a portable device.

[0009] To this end, the invention relates to a method for measuring at least one physical parameter of a vehicle with at least one wheel, which comprises the characteristics of independent claim 1.

Particular steps of the measurement method are defined in dependent claims 2 to 19.

An advantage of the measuring method according to the invention lies in the fact that at least one permanent magnet is mounted on a frame or a fork of the vehicle, such as a bicycle, and that a sensor measuring circuit magnetic is arranged on a wheel, for example on a spoke of a bicycle wheel or on the rim, so that the magnetic sensor of the measuring circuit can pass close to the magnet during the rotation of the wheel. Thus, energy recovery, when the magnetic sensor of the measuring circuit passes in front of the magnet, is carried out in the measuring circuit with a rectifier and a smoothing capacitor. The energy recovered is used to supply the electronic components of the measurement circuit.

On each detection of the passage of the magnetic sensor in front of the magnet, a measurement of the speed of the vehicle, such as a bicycle, can be easily carried out in a calculation unit of the measurement circuit, clocked by an oscillator. Direct transmission by a radiofrequency signal, for example Bluetooth (BLE), of the measurement carried out can be made from the measurement circuit to be received by a portable device worn by the user of the vehicle or placed on the handlebars of the vehicle. This portable device can be a mobile phone or a headset to provide an audio signal to the user or an electronic tablet placed on the handlebars in order to display at least the speed of the bicycle, and a distance traveled by integration of the speed measurement. .

Advantageously, the measuring circuit can comprise at least two magnetic sensors of a measuring circuit, for example each arranged on a respective radius of the front wheel of the bicycle and preferably at 180 ° from each other or on the rim of the wheel. This makes it possible to recover more energy already during a complete rotation of the bicycle wheel and to allow the measurement of speed and / or distance traveled by the bicycle. A calibration of the diameter of the bicycle wheel and of the fixing angle of the measuring circuit can be carried out initially by a transmission from the portable device to the measuring circuit. When these data are stored in the measuring circuit, when the measuring system is put into operation, it is possible to measure the speed of the bicycle at least after one complete revolution of the bicycle wheel, and subsequently the distance traveled.

[0014] Advantageously, two magnetic sensor measuring circuits can be provided to be arranged respectively on each side on the rim of the front bicycle wheel. In this case, two permanent magnets are mounted on the front fork of the bicycle so as to be each arranged opposite a respective magnetic sensor of the measuring circuits on each passage of the measuring circuits during the rotation of the bicycle wheel. Preferably, the two measuring circuits are mounted in identical positions on the rim of the front wheel, or even at 180 ° to each other, but on two different sides. Measurement signals can be transmitted by both measurement circuits to a portable device.

[0015] Alternatively, all of the calculations and calibrations can be performed and stored in the portable device. In this case, the measurement circuit or circuits are advantageously further simplified and only transmit the wheel passage pulses over time, and the total of these pulses, and possibly the gross angle of inclination of the sensor. The calibration is taken over by the portable device by driving, for example, on a measured route or by entering measured inclination and diameter values.

By means of the measuring circuit (s), it is possible by the succession of voltage pulses induced over time, supplied by each magnetic sensor, to calculate an instantaneous speed, a maximum speed over a determined period of time and an average speed in the calculation unit. In addition, by integration into the calculation unit, it can easily be determined the distance traveled during a determined period of time. All the measurements can be stored in order to be able to be transmitted on request and as a function of the supply voltage level of the measurement circuit following the energy recovery from the passage of the magnetic sensor (s) opposite the permanent magnet (s).

[0017] Other parameters can be measured and transmitted wirelessly by the measuring circuit or circuits to a portable device on the basis of the energy extracted when passing opposite the permanent magnet or magnets. This may be the measurement of tire pressure from a pressure sensor circuit with an electrical power supply from the magnetic sensor measurement circuit.

[0018] Advantageously, the measuring circuit is mounted on the tire or on the rim of the front wheel, or even of the rear wheel if the permanent magnet is mounted on a rear portion of the frame. The antenna mounted on the tire or the rim turns. This makes it possible, by synchronization with the physical position given by the position of the magnet, also to provide measurable information through the propagation properties of the RF medium. It may be the Doppler speed, measurements of synthetic aperture radar SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar in English terminology).

To this end, the invention also relates to a system for measuring at least one physical parameter of a vehicle with at least one wheel, such as a bicycle for the implementation of the measurement method, which comprises the characteristics mentioned in independent claim 20.

[0020] Particular embodiments of the measuring system are defined in dependent claims 21 to 28.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The aims, advantages and characteristics of a method and system for measuring at least one physical parameter of a vehicle with at least one wheel, will appear better in the following description on the basis of at least one form of 'non-limiting execution illustrated by the drawings in which: <tb> <SEP> - Figure 1 is a side view of a vehicle, for example with two wheels, such as a bicycle provided with the system for measuring at least one physical parameter of the bicycle according to the invention, <tb> <SEP> - Figure 2 is a top view of a vehicle for example with two wheels, such as a bicycle provided with an alternative embodiment of the system for measuring at least one physical parameter of the bicycle according to the invention, and <tb> <SEP> - FIG. 3 represents a simplified block diagram of the electronic components of the system for measuring at least one physical parameter of a vehicle with at least one wheel according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In the following description, reference is made to a method and a system for measuring at least one physical parameter, such as a speed and / or a distance traveled by a vehicle with at least one wheel, such as 'A bike. All the electronic components, which are well known to a person skilled in the art in this technical field, are only described in a simplified manner. The vehicle may for example be a two-wheeled bicycle so as to be set in motion by a user on a path, for example on a road or in the forest.

Figures 1 and 2 show a side and top view of a bicycle 10 with two wheels 11. The front wheel 11 is rotatably mounted at one end of a front fork 12. This front fork 12 is mounted in a front portion of the bicycle frame 13 in order to be able to turn the front wheel 11 of the bicycle. The fork 12 is connected at another end to a handlebar 14. A crankset 15 operable by the two feet of a user is provided in connection with a chain for driving the rear wheel 11 in rotation on a rear portion of the frame 13.

A measuring system 1 is also mounted on the bicycle 10 for measuring at least one physical parameter, such as a speed and / or a distance traveled by the bicycle in use. The measuring system 1 essentially comprises at least one permanent magnet 2 placed on a rear portion of the frame 13 or on a front fork 12, and at least one measuring circuit 3 placed on a front or rear wheel 11. Preferably, the permanent magnet 2 is placed on the front fork 12 and a measuring circuit 3 is mounted on a rim or tire of the front wheel 11, or even on a spoke 21 of the front wheel.

The measuring system 1 may also include at least one portable device 4 for receiving, for example, information for measuring speed and / or distance traveled by the bicycle from the measuring circuit 3. Preferably, the measuring circuit 3 is placed on one side of the rim of the front wheel 11. The permanent magnet 2 is arranged on the front fork 12 at the same distance from the axis of rotation of the front wheel 11 as the measuring circuit 3 to be opposite the measuring circuit 3 as it passes during the rotation of the front wheel 11.

It can also be provided to mount at least two measuring circuits 3, 3 'placed on the rim of the front wheel 11 each on an opposite side of the rim, and two permanent magnets 2, 2' at the same distance of the axis of rotation of the front wheel 11. The permanent magnets 2, 2 'are each facing one of the respective measuring circuits 3, 3' as they pass in front of the permanent magnets 2, 2 '. The measuring circuits 3, 3 'can be mounted at the same position on two different sides of the rim or of the tire of the front wheel 11, or even at 180 ° to each other on two different sides or on the same side with a single permanent magnet 2 useful in this case. It can also be envisaged to place the measuring circuits 3, 3 'each on a spoke 21 of the front wheel 11.

In the case of a single measuring circuit 3 used as shown in Figure 3, this measuring circuit 3 mainly comprises a magnetic sensor 31 to capture its passage in front of a permanent magnet 2 in particular by a coil B, a rectifier to at least one diode 32 to rectify the induced voltage picked up by the coil B of the magnetic sensor 31, and a smoothing capacitor CL to store the energy recovered as a result of the rectifier 32. The energy recovered and stored on the smoothing capacitor CL allows to supply electrical power to the electronic components of the measuring circuit 3.

The measuring circuit 3 still essentially comprises a calculation unit 34 linked directly to the output of the magnetic sensor 31 to perform the calculation of a physical parameter, such as the speed and / or the distance traveled by the bicycle in use. The computing unit 34, which can be a processor, is clocked by an oscillator 33, which can be a clockwork quartz oscillator or MEMS. Each magnetic pulse as it passes in front of the permanent magnet 2 near the magnetic sensor 31, and according to a rate, over time, generated by the oscillator 33, allows the calculation unit 34 to easily calculate the speed. In addition, it is also possible to easily obtain the distance traveled by integration.

It can be considered to calculate in the calculation unit 34 an instantaneous speed, a maximum speed over a determined period of time and an average speed. A distance traveled by the bicycle can also be determined in the calculation unit 34 over a determined period of time.

The measurements carried out can be transmitted by an antenna 36 of a transmission-reception unit 35 connected at the output of the computing unit 34, to a portable device 4. The transmission-reception unit 35 can be of BLE type in advertisement or advertising mode for transmitting SRF radio frequency signals at a short distance to the portable device 4. This portable device 4 can be a mobile phone mounted on the handlebars of the bicycle, or an electronic tablet, or even also an electronic earpiece to signal the measurements in audio form to the user.

In an alternative embodiment, the calculation unit 34 of the measuring circuit 3 can be provided to determine the times of its passage past the permanent magnet 2 fixed opposite the magnetic sensor 31 on the basis of the voltage pulses induced supplied by the magnetic sensor 31. Then, the transmission-reception unit 35 of the measuring circuit 3 transmits via the antenna 36 data relating to the times of the passage of the magnetic sensor 31 in front of the permanent magnet 2 to the portable device 4 A calculation of a speed and / or a distance traveled by the vehicle is carried out directly in a processing unit 44 of the portable device 4.

This speed v of the bicycle is therefore obtained by knowing the time t between two induced voltage peaks if there is only one magnetic sensor and a single permanent magnet 2 and the dimension of the bicycle wheel with a diameter D. This gives v = π · D / t. With two measuring circuits 3, 3 'for example arranged on the rim at 180 ° to each other, the speed can therefore be v = π · D / (2 · t).

Of course, for the exact calculation of the speed of the bike, the diameter D of the front wheel 11 and possibly the angle of inclination of the measuring circuit 3 with the magnetic sensor 31 relative to the horizontal must be intrinsically calibrated by the user of the bicycle in particular by means of the portable device 4 explained below.

As shown in Figure 3, it should be noted that the measuring circuit 3 can include a memory 37 connected to the calculation unit 34 to store the measurements of speed and distance traveled over time. It can be a non-volatile memory of the FLASH type to keep in memory the data in the event of a power failure, in particular when the bike is stationary or when the voltage stored on the smoothing capacitor CL is not more sufficient.

The measuring circuit 3 can also include other sensors. An inclinometer 38 can be provided to allow, by integration, to calculate in the calculation unit 34, the difference in height made by the bicycle in use, or an instantaneous lateral inclination of the bicycle. The measured data of the positive elevation and negative elevation are stored in the non-volatile memory 37, as are the speed and the distance traveled. A 38 'barometer or altimeter may also be provided to measure atmospheric pressure. These sensors can be useful in the practice of certain downhill sports. The inclinometer 38 combined with the barometer 38 'can be calibrated by means of the portable device 4 in communication with the measuring circuit 3.

The measuring system 1 can also include a pressure sensor circuit, not shown, arranged at a tire valve on the wheel rim to measure the tire pressure. The power supply can be provided by the measuring circuit 3 by wireless communication and the pressure measurement of the pressure sensor circuit is transmitted to the measuring circuit 3. This pressure measurement can be stored in the measuring circuit 3 or also transmitted to the portable device 4.

A detection of the type of soil can be determined by the measuring system 1. A temperature sensor of the measuring circuit 3 can be provided for measuring the temperature of the ground, an accelerometer for measuring angular acceleration.

Thanks to the measuring circuit 3 mounted on the tire or on the rim of the front wheel of the bicycle, or even of the rear wheel of the bicycle, it can be synchronized with the physical position given by the position of the magnet 2. Thus, this also makes it possible to provide measurable information through the propagation properties of the RF medium. It may be the Doppler speed, measurements of synthetic aperture radar SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar in English terminology).

When the bike stops or rolls too low speed, it is planned to deactivate the transmission-reception unit 35 if the supply voltage from the smoothing capacitor CLdescends below a first voltage threshold . When this supply voltage drops even lower below a second critical voltage threshold, the entire measurement circuit 3 is deactivated having previously stored all the measurement data in the non-volatile memory 37. Thus, these Stored data may again be available for transmission to portable device 4 when the supply voltage is sufficient above the first low voltage threshold with the bicycle in use.

Of course to have a sufficient operating voltage of the entire measuring circuit 3 even with a low speed, it depends on the dimensioning of the coil B of the magnetic sensor 31 with a determined number of turns and the strength of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet (s) 2. The distance between the permanent magnet (s) 2 as the magnetic sensor 31 passes must be as small as possible. With a measuring circuit 3 and a permanent magnet 2, it may suffice a bike speed just above, for example 2 km / h for adequate energy storage on the smoothing capacitor CL.

The portable device 4 can be, as explained above, a mobile phone carried by the user of the bicycle or attached to a portion of the bicycle, for example on the handlebars of the bicycle. It can also be an electronic tablet also attached to the handlebars of the bicycle, or an electronic earpiece worn by the user to signal the measurements of speed and distance traveled by an audio signal.

The portable device 4 comprises a transmission-reception unit 45 for establishing communication of SRF signals by an antenna 46 with the measuring circuit 3. The portable device 4 further comprises an oscillator 43, which can also be a quartz oscillator watchmaker or other, to clock a data processing unit 44 connected to the transmission-reception unit 45. A non-volatile memory 47 makes it possible to store the measurement information received from the measuring circuit or calculated in the portable device 4, and to supply parameterization or calibration data to the processing unit for transmission to the measuring circuit 3 by the transmission-reception unit 45. At least one display element 48, for example with crystals, can also be provided. liquids or LEDs to indicate to the user the speed of the bike and the distance covered when receiving the SRF signals from the measuring circuit 3.

In the case of a portable device 4 in the form of an electronic headset, an audio element 48 'such as a loudspeaker can be provided. There can therefore be both the audio element 48 'and the display element 48 for the portable device 4 in the form of the portable telephone or the electronic tablet. Thus, information on measurements carried out by the measurement circuit 3 can be supplied to the user in audio form with the aid of voice synthesis.

It should also be noted that as the distance between the portable device 4 fixed to the handlebars and the measuring circuit 3 is small, it is possible to greatly reduce the power of the SRFBLE signal. This thus makes it possible to increase the operating time of the measuring circuit 3 when the bicycle is stationary for a while.

The magnetic sensor 31 of the measuring circuit can be constituted in a simplified manner only by the coil with several turns connected to the calculation unit 34. In addition, there can be provided two measuring circuits 3, 3 ' shown in FIG. 2 positioned for example at the same position on the wheel, but on two different sides of the rim or of the tire of the wheel 11. These two measuring circuits 3, 3 'can also be arranged at 180 ° one on the other on the same side or on two different sides of the rim or of the tire of the wheel 11. This ensures the correct operation of at least one of the two measuring circuits 3, 3 'with magnetic sensors for the precise measurement of the speed and the distance traveled in the measuring circuit 3 or another physical quantity. The magnetic sensor 31 can also be a Hall effect sensor.

From the description which has just been given, several variant embodiments of a method and system for measuring at least one physical parameter, such as a speed and / or a distance traveled by a vehicle at at least one wheel, can be designed by a person skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the claims. Several portable devices can be provided in the measurement system. Each portable device has its own power source, such as a battery or solar cell or other power source. The measuring circuit (s) and the permanent magnet (s) can also be mounted on the rear wheel side of the bicycle. Provision can also be made for the magnets to be integrated into the material of the frame or the front fork.

Claims (28)

1. Method of measuring at least one physical parameter, such as a speed and / or a distance traveled by a vehicle (10) at at least one wheel during its use by a user, by means of at least one permanent magnet (2) arranged on a frame portion (13) or a fork (12) for mounting the freewheel to rotate and at least one measuring circuit (3) with magnetic sensor (31) arranged on a wheel (11) ) of the vehicle, the permanent magnet (2) being arranged on the frame portion (13) or the fork (12) at the same distance from the axis of rotation of the wheel (11) as the measuring circuit (3) ) to be opposite the measuring circuit (3) as it passes during the rotation of the wheel (11), characterized in that the method comprises steps of: - put the vehicle (10) in motion on a track with the wheel (11) rotating with the measuring circuit (3), - detecting the passage of the magnetic sensor (31) of the measuring circuit (3) opposite the permanent magnet (2) by generating an induced voltage pulse each time the rotating measuring circuit (3) passes, - rectifying the voltage generated by the magnetic sensor (31) by means of a rectifier (32) and by storing the rectified voltage on a smoothing capacitor (CL) to supply the measuring circuit (3), - calculate a physical parameter, such as a speed and / or a distance traveled by the vehicle (10) in a calculation unit (34), which is clocked by an oscillator (33), on the basis of the induced voltage pulses received over time of the magnetic sensor (31) knowing the value of the diameter of the wheel (11) of the vehicle (10), and - wirelessly transmit one or more measurements of physical parameters, such as the speed and / or the distance calculated in the calculation unit (34) of the measuring circuit (3) to a portable device (4) worn by the user or on a part of the vehicle (10) by a signal transmission-reception unit (35) linked to an antenna (36) of the measuring circuit (3). 2. Method of measuring at least one physical parameter, such as a speed and / or a distance traveled by a vehicle (10) at at least one wheel during its use by a user, by means of at least one. permanent magnet (2) arranged on a frame portion (13) or a fork (12) for mounting the freewheel to rotate and at least one measuring circuit (3) with magnetic sensor (31) arranged on a wheel (11) ) of the vehicle, the permanent magnet (2) being arranged on the frame portion (13) or the fork (12) at the same distance from the axis of rotation of the wheel (11) as the measuring circuit (3) ) to be opposite the measuring circuit (3) as it passes during the rotation of the wheel (11), characterized in that the method comprises steps of: - put the vehicle (10) in motion on a track with the wheel (11) rotating with the measuring circuit (3), - detecting the passage of the magnetic sensor (31) of the measuring circuit (3) opposite the permanent magnet (2) by generating an induced voltage pulse each time the rotating measuring circuit (3) passes, - rectifying the voltage generated by the magnetic sensor (31) by means of a rectifier (32) and by storing the rectified voltage on a smoothing capacitor (CL) to supply the measuring circuit (3), - determining the passage times of the measuring circuit (3) with the magnetic sensor (31) opposite the permanent magnet (2) in a calculation unit (34), which is clocked by an oscillator (33), on the basis of induced voltage pulses supplied by the magnetic sensor (31), and - wirelessly transmit data relating to the passage times of the magnetic sensor (31) opposite the permanent magnet (2) to a portable device (4) worn by the user or on a part of the vehicle (10) by a signal transmission-reception unit (35) linked to an antenna (36) of the measuring circuit (3) so as to calculate in a processing unit (44) of the portable device (4) a physical parameter, such as a speed and / or distance traveled of the vehicle (10). 3. Measurement method according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that a distance traveled by the vehicle (10) over a determined period of time is calculated by integration into the calculation unit (34) of the circuit. measuring device (3) or in the processing unit (44) of the portable device (4), on the basis of the induced voltage pulses received over time from the magnetic sensor (31), and in that the portable device (4 ) is arranged to display an instantaneous speed measurement or measurements of speed and / or distance traveled on a display element (48) of the portable device (4), or to signal these measurements to the user by an audio signal by an audio element (48 ') of the portable device (4). 4. Measurement method according to claim 3, characterized in that one or more distance traveled measurements are transmitted wirelessly to the portable device (4) at the same time as the speed measurement (s) or independently. 5. Measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that as soon as a speed measurement is determined in the calculation unit (34), a direct transmission of this measurement is made to the portable device (4). to display this instantaneous speed measurement on a display element (48) of the portable device (4), or to signal this measurement to the user by an audio signal through an audio element (48 ') of the portable device (4) . 6. Measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that a maximum speed value or an average speed value is determined in the calculation unit (34) over a determined period of time and transmitted to the portable device. (4) to display this maximum or average speed value on a display element (48) of the portable device (4), or to signal this measurement to the user by an audio signal via an audio element (48 ') of the portable device (4). 7. The measuring method according to claim 2, characterized in that a maximum speed value or an average speed value is determined in the processing unit (44) of the portable device (4) over a period of time determined for display this maximum or average speed value on a display element (48) of the portable device (4), or to signal this measurement to the user by an audio signal via an audio element (48 ') of the portable device (4) ). 8. Measurement method according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that a storage of measurements of speed and / or distance traveled obtained by integration into the calculation unit (34) of the measuring circuit (3 ) or in the processing unit (44) of the portable device (4) is carried out in a non-volatile memory (37) of the measuring circuit (3) or in a non-volatile memory (47) of the portable device (4). 9. Measuring method according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that as soon as the supply voltage level on the smoothing capacitor (CL) goes below a first low supply voltage threshold , deactivation of the signal transmission-reception unit (35) is performed. 10. The measuring method according to claim 9, characterized in that before the supply voltage level on the smoothing capacitor (CL) goes below a second supply voltage threshold lower than the first low threshold , a storage of various calculations of speed and / or distance traveled by the vehicle (10) is carried out in a non-volatile memory (37) of the measuring circuit (3). 11. Measuring method according to claim 1, characterized in that the oscillator (33) of the measuring circuit (3) is a clockwork quartz oscillator for clocking the calculation unit (34) in these calculation operations. a physical parameter, such as a speed and / or a distance traveled by the vehicle (10). 12. The measuring method according to claim 1, characterized in that the measuring circuit (3) comprises an inclinometer (38) to allow by integration to calculate in the calculation unit (34), a difference in level made by the vehicle ( 10), which is a two-wheeled bicycle in use, or an instant lateral tilt of the bicycle. 13. The measuring method according to claim 12, characterized in that the inclinometer (38) is combined with a barometer (38 ') for measuring atmospheric pressure. 14. Measuring method according to one of claims 1 and 2, for which a pressure sensor circuit is arranged at a valve of a tire on a wheel (11) of the vehicle, where the pressure circuit is located. measurement (3), characterized in that the pressure sensor circuit is electrically powered by wireless communication with the measurement circuit (3) in use, and in that a tire pressure measurement by the sensor circuit pressure is transmitted to the measuring circuit (3) to be stored in the measuring circuit (3) and / or transmitted to the portable device (4). 15. Measurement method according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that a measurement of the temperature of the ground is carried out by a temperature sensor of the measurement circuit (3), and in that a transmission of the temperature measurement at the portable device (4) is carried out. 16. Measuring method according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that an angular acceleration measurement is performed by an accelerometer of the measuring circuit (3), and in that a transmission of the measurement d angular acceleration to the portable device (4) is performed. 17. Measuring method according to claim 1, characterized in that an operation of calibrating the diameter of the wheel (11) of the vehicle (10) and the fixing angle of the measuring circuit (3) is initially carried out by a transmission of parameterization signals (SRF) from the portable device (4) to the measuring circuit (3). 18. Measuring method according to claim 2, characterized in that an operation of calibrating the diameter of the wheel (11) of the vehicle (10) and the fixing angle of the measuring circuit (3) is performed by the portable device (4) on the basis of raw data transmitted by the measuring circuit (3) and values measured in absolute terms or on a calibrated path. 19. Measuring method according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the measuring circuit (3) communicates by radiofrequency signals (SRF) from the transmission-reception unit (35) of the BLE type in mode. advertising with the portable device (4). 20. System (1) for measuring a speed and / or a distance traveled by a vehicle (10) at at least one wheel (11), suitable for implementing the measurement method according to one of the preceding claims, the measuring system comprising at least one permanent magnet (2) arranged on a frame portion (13) or a fork (12) for mounting the freewheel of rotation, at least one measuring circuit (3) at magnetic sensor (31) disposed on a wheel (11) of the vehicle, the permanent magnet (2) being disposed on the frame portion (13) or the fork (12) at the same distance from the axis of rotation of the wheel (11) that the measuring circuit (3) to be opposite the measuring circuit (3) as it passes during the rotation of the wheel (11), and a portable device (4) arranged to communicate wirelessly radiofrequency signals with the measuring circuit (3), characterized in that the measuring circuit (3) comprises: - a magnetic sensor (31) intended to detect its passage in rotation in front of the permanent magnet (2) and to generate an induced voltage pulse on each passage in front of the permanent magnet (2), - a rectifier (32) for rectifying the voltage generated by the magnetic sensor (31) and a smoothing capacitor (CL) for storing the rectified voltage for supplying the measuring circuit (3), - a calculation unit (34), which is clocked by an oscillator (33), being arranged to calculate a physical parameter, such as a speed and / or a distance traveled of the vehicle (10) on the basis of the voltage pulses induced received from the magnetic sensor (31) by knowing the value of the diameter of the wheel (11) of the vehicle (10) or to determine the passage times of the magnetic sensor (31) opposite the permanent magnet (2) on the basis of the induced voltage pulses supplied by the magnetic sensor (31), and - a transmission-reception unit (35) linked to an antenna (36) arranged to transmit one or more measurements of physical parameters, such as speed and / or distance calculated in the calculation unit (34) to a portable device ( 4) worn by the user or on a part of the vehicle (10) or to transmit data relating to the passage times of the magnetic sensor (31) opposite the permanent magnet (2) to the portable device (4) so in calculating in a processing unit (44) of the portable device (4) a physical parameter, such as a speed and / or a distance traveled by the vehicle (10). 21. System (1) for measuring according to claim 20, for which the measuring circuit (3) is intended to be placed on a spoke (21) or a rim or a tire of a front wheel (11) of the vehicle ( 10), which is a bicycle, the permanent magnet (2) is intended to be placed on the front fork (12) of the bicycle, characterized in that the portable device (4) is a mobile phone or an electronic tablet to be worn by the user or fixed on the handlebars of the bicycle, and in that one or more measurements carried out in the measurement circuit (3) are transmitted by radiofrequency signals of the BLE type (SRF) to the portable device to be displayed on a display element (48) or signaled by an audio signal from an audio element (48 ') to a user of the bicycle. 22. System (1) for measuring according to claim 20, for which there are provided at least two measuring circuits (3, 3 ') with magnetic sensor (31) each arranged on a respective radius of the wheel (11) of the vehicle. (10), which is a bicycle, or on the rim or tire of the wheel (11), the measuring circuits (3, 3 ') being arranged at 180 ° to each other on the same side or on two different sides of the wheel (11). 23. System (1) for measuring according to claim 20, for which there are provided at least two measuring circuits (3, 3 ') with magnetic sensor (31) arranged at the same position on the wheel (11), but on two different sides of the wheel rim or tire (11). 24. System (1) for measuring according to claim 20, characterized in that the measuring circuit (3) comprises a non-volatile memory (37) for storing the measurements of speed and / or distance traveled. 25. System (1) for measuring according to claim 20, characterized in that the measuring circuit (3) comprises an inclinometer (38) and / or a barometer (38 '), which are intended to be calibrated by parameters transmitted. by the portable device (4), or which are intended to be calibrated directly by the portable device (4). 26. System (1) for measuring according to claim 20, characterized in that it comprises a pressure sensor circuit arranged at a valve of a tire on a wheel (11) of the vehicle, where the measuring circuit (3), in that the pressure sensor circuit is electrically powered by wireless communication with the measuring circuit (3) in use, and in that the pressure sensor circuit is for measuring a tire pressure and to transmit the pressure measurement to the measuring circuit (3) in order to be memorized in the measuring circuit (3) and / or transmitted to the portable device (4). 27. System (1) for measuring according to claim 20, characterized in that the measuring circuit (3) comprises a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the ground to be transmitted to the portable device (4). 28. System (1) for measuring according to claim 20, characterized in that the measuring circuit (3) comprises an accelerometer for an angular acceleration measurement to be transmitted to the portable device (4).