CA2570801C

CA2570801C - Method and apparatus for enabling viewers of television to enter into contact with a source of an advertised product or service

Info

Publication number: CA2570801C
Application number: CA2570801A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Sieark Joseph Soo; Eric John Wolf; Sean Maclean Murray; James Francis Fagan; Ilya Kalnish
Original assignee: BCE Inc
Current assignee: BCE Inc
Priority date: 2005-12-21
Filing date: 2005-12-21
Publication date: 2016-08-09
Anticipated expiration: 2025-12-21
Also published as: US20090165039A1; WO2007071005A1; CA2570801A1

Abstract

A method comprises releasing to at least one television service subscriber a content stream conveying at least one information element deemed to be of potential interest to a multi-subscriber audience that includes the at least one television service subscriber; receiving from a particular one of the at least one television service subscriber an indication of a selection of a particular one of the at least one information element; determining a telephone number associated with the particular television service subscriber; determining a telephone number associated with the particular information element; establishing a first telephony leg on a basis of the telephone number associated with the particular information element; establishing a second telephony leg on a basis of the telephone number associated with the particular television service subscriber; and joining the first and second telephony legs to form an end-to-end telephony link for the particular television service subscriber.

Description

2 TO ENTER INTO CONTACT WITH A SOURCE OF AN ADVERTISED

3 PRODUCT OR SERVICE

4 8 The present invention relates generally to television distribution systems and, in 9 particular, to a method and apparatus for enabling viewers of a television program to enter into contact with a source of an advertised product or service.

14 When advertising certain types of products or services on television, advertisers aim to entice potential customers to enter into contact with a source of the product or 16 service being offered. To this end, a telephone number may be displayed in 17 association with an advertisement. The viewer of the advertisement may note the 18 telephone number and dial it either immediately or at a later time (e.g., once the 19 program he or she is watching is over) in order to enter into contact with the source of the advertised product or service.

22 However, advertisers are not immune to the pressures of cost reduction.
Hence, when 23 broadcasting to viewers across a set of area codes or time zones, the provision of a 24 single telephone number local to one area code will require viewers who are outside this area code to pay long-distance charges when contacting the advertiser.
26 Alternatively, the advertiser may lease a set of numbers in various area codes and 27 display all of these in a carousel, as is often done for telethons. This solution tends to 28 clutter the television screen and is not considered satisfactory, as it relies on the 29 viewer to actively determine the number to be dialed. Finally, the leasing of a toll-free number is a possible solution, although it incurs additional costs that are not 31 always justifiable.

Thus, there exists a need in the industry for a low-cost improvement to the manner in which viewers can be enticed to enter into contact with the source of an advertised product or 3 service.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Due to recent technological advances, television has become a two-way medium, allowing 8 viewers to communicate limited amounts of information back to a content source. By exploiting this feature, and the fact that virtually every household has a telephone of some sort, one can overcome certain limitations of conventional advertising techniques.

According to a first broad aspect, therefore, the present invention seeks to provide a method performed by a content provider for enabling a television service subscriber to enter into 14 contact with an information source. The method comprises releasing to at least one television service subscriber a content stream conveying at least one information element deemed to be of potential interest to a multi-subscriber audience that includes the at least one television service subscriber; receiving from a particular one of the at least one television service subscriber an indication of a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with a particular one of the at least one information element, said indication of a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with a particular one of the at least one information element resulting from the particular television service subscriber having provided (i) a response indicative of a selection of the particular information element and (ii) an entry indicative of a time at which the particular television service subscriber desires to enter into contact with the information source associated with the particular information element, the entry having been provided after the response;
determining a telephone number associated with the particular television service subscriber;
determining a telephone number associated with the particular information element;
establishing a first telephony leg on a basis of the telephone number associated with the particular information element; establishing a second telephony leg on a basis of the telephone number associated with the particular television service subscriber; and joining the first and second telephony 31 legs to form an end-to-end telephony link for the particular television service subscriber.

1 According to a second broad aspect, therefore, the present invention seeks to provide a 2 system implemented by a content provider for enabling a television service subscriber to 3 enter into contact with an information source. A system comprises a processing device. The 4 processing device implements a transmission apparatus operable for releasing to at least one television service subscriber a content stream conveying at least one information element 6 deemed to be of potential interest to a multi-subscriber audience that includes the at least one 7 television service subscriber. The processing device also implements a return path apparatus 8 , which is operable for: receiving from a particular one of the at least one television service 9 subscriber an indication of a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with a particular one of the at least one information element, said indication of a 11 request to enter into contact with an information source associated with a particular one of 12 the at least one information element resulting from the particular television service subscriber 13 having provided (i) a response indicative of a selection of the particular information element 14 and (ii) an entry indicative of a time at which the particular television service subscriber desires to enter into contact with the information source associated with the particular 16 information element, the entry having been provided after the response;
determining a 17 telephone number associated with the particular television service subscriber; and 18 determining a telephone number associated with the particular information element. The 19 processing entity also implements a call control apparatus operable for establishing a first telephony leg on a basis of the telephone number associated with the particular information 21 element; and establishing a second telephony leg on a basis of the telephone number 22 associated with the particular television service subscriber. Finally, the system also 23 comprises joining the first and second telephony legs to form an end-to-end telephony link 24 for the particular television service subscriber.
26 According to a third broad aspect, therefore, the present invention seeks to provide a 27 computer program product tangibly embodied in a computer-readable storage medium and 28 comprising computer readable code which when executed by a processor of a content 29 provider performs a method for enabling a television service subscriber to enter into contact with an information source. The computer readable code comprises first machine executable 31 code for causing the computing apparatus to release to at least one television service 1 subscriber a content stream conveying at least one information element deemed to be of 2 potential interest to a multi-subscriber audience that includes the at least one television 3 service subscriber; second machine executable code for causing the computing apparatus to 4 await receipt from a particular one of the at least one television service subscriber of an indication of a selection of a particular one of the at least one information element; third 6 machine executable code for causing the computing apparatus to determine a telephone 7 number associated with the particular television service subscriber;
fourth machine 8 executable code for causing the computing apparatus to determine a telephone number 9 associated with the particular information element; fifth machine executable code for causing the computing apparatus to establish a first telephony leg on a basis of the telephone number 11 associated with the particular information element; sixth machine executable code for 12 causing the computing apparatus to establish a second telephony leg on a basis of the 13 telephone number associated with the particular television service subscriber; and seventh 14 machine executable code for causing the computing apparatus to join the first and second telephony legs to form an end-to-end telephony link for the particular television service 16 subscriber.

18 According to a fourth broad aspect, therefore, the present invention seeks to provide a set-top 19 box registered to a television service subscriber. The set-top box comprises a processing device. The processing device implements: a first interface circuit adapted to receive from a 21 content provider a content stream conveying at least one information element deemed to be 22 of potential interest to a multi-subscriber audience that includes the television service 23 subscriber; a second interface circuit adapted to receive from the television service subscriber 24 a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with a particular one of the at least one information element, said request to enter into contact with an information 26 source associated with a particular one of the at least one information element resulting from 27 the television service subscriber having provided (i) a response indicative of a selection of 28 the at least one information element and (ii) an entry indicative of a time at which the 29 television service subscriber desires to enter into contact with the information source associated with the particular information element, the entry having been provided after the response; and a processing unit operable for effecting a transmission to the content provider 2 of an indication of said request, said transmission being instrumental in causing a telephone call to be placed to a telephony device. According to this aspect, when the telephone call is answered by a user of the telephony device, the user is placed in communication with an information source associated with the particular information element.

According to a fifth broad aspect, therefore, the present invention seeks to provide a method 8 for execution at a set-top box registered to a television service subscriber and enabling said television service subscriber to enter into contact with an information source. The method comprises receiving from a content provider a content stream conveying at least one information element deemed to be of potential interest to a multi-subscriber audience that includes the television service subscriber; receiving from the television service subscriber a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with a particular one of 14 the at least one information element, said indication of a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with a particular one of the at least one information element resulting from the television service subscriber having provided (i) a response indicative of a selection of the at least one information element and (ii) an entry indicative of a time at which the television service subscriber desires to enter into contact with the information source associated with the particular information element, the entry having been provided after the response; and effecting a transmission to the content provider of an indication of said request, said transmission being instrumental in causing a telephone call to be placed to 22 a telephony device. According to this aspect, when the telephone call is answered by a user 23 of the telephony device, the user is placed in communication with an information source 24 associated with the particular information element.

According to a sixth broad aspect, therefore, the present invention seeks to provide a method performed by a content provider for enabling a television service subscriber to enter into contact with an information source. The method comprises releasing to a television service subscriber a content stream conveying an information element deemed to be of potential interest to a multi-subscriber audience that includes the television service subscriber;

receiving from the television service subscriber an indication of a request to enter into 4a 1 contact with an information source associated with the information element, said indication 2 of a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with the information 3 element resulting from the television service subscriber having provided (i) a response 4 indicative of a selection of the information element and (ii) an entry specifying a telephone number at which the television service subscriber desires to be reached, the entry having 6 been provided after the response; determining a telephone number associated with the 7 information element; establishing a first telephony leg on a basis of the telephone number 8 associated with the information element; establishing a second telephony leg on a basis of the 9 telephone number at which the television service subscriber desires to be reached; joining the first telephony leg and the second telephony leg to form an end-to-end telephony link for the 11 television service subscriber.

13 According to a seventh broad aspect, therefore, the present invention seeks to provide a 14 system implemented by a content provider for enabling a television service subscriber to enter into contact with an information source. The system comprises a processing device.
16 The processing device implements: a transmission apparatus operable for releasing to a 17 television service subscriber a content stream conveying an information element deemed to 18 be of potential interest to a multi-subscriber audience that includes the television service 19 subscriber. The processing device also implements a return path apparatus operable for:
receiving from the television service subscriber an indication of a request to enter into 21 contact with an information source associated with the information element, said indication 22 of a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with the information 23 element resulting from the television service subscriber having provided (i) a response 24 indicative of a selection of the information element and (ii) an entry specifying a telephone number at which the television service subscriber desires to be reached, the entry having 26 been provided after the response; determining a telephone number associated with the 27 information element. The processing entity also implements a call control apparatus operable 28 for: establishing a first telephony leg on a basis of the telephone number associated with the 29 information element; establishing a second telephony leg on a basis of the telephone number at which the television service subscriber desires to be reached; and joining the first 4b 1 telephony leg and the second telephony leg to form an end-to-end telephony link for the 2 television service subscriber.

4 According to an eighth broad aspect, therefore, the present invention seeks to provide a computer program product tangibly embodied in a computer-readable storage medium and 6 comprising computer readable code which when executed by a processor performs a method, 7 the computer readable code comprising: first machine executable code for causing the 8 computing apparatus to release to a television service subscriber a content stream conveying 9 an information element deemed to be of potential interest to a multi-subscriber audience that includes the television service subscriber; second machine executable code for causing the 11 computing apparatus to await receipt from the television service subscriber of an indication 12 of a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with the information 13 element, said indication of a request to enter into contact with an information source 14 associated with the information element resulting from the television service subscriber having provided (i) a response indicative of a selection of the information element and (ii) an 16 entry specifying a telephone number at which the television service subscriber desires to be 17 reached, the entry having been provided after the response; third machine executable code for 18 causing the computing apparatus to determine a telephone number associated with the 19 information element; fourth machine executable code for causing the computing apparatus to establish a first telephony leg on a basis of the telephone number associated with the 21 information element; fifth machine executable code for causing the computing apparatus to 22 establish a second telephony leg on a basis of the telephone number at which the television 23 service subscriber desires to be reached; sixth machine executable code for causing the 24 computing apparatus to join the first telephony leg and the second telephony leg to form an end-to-end telephony link for the television service subscriber.

29 Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a system in which there is depicted a content provider that delivers television programming to a subscriber's set-top box over a television distribution 31 network;
4c 1 Fig. 2 is an example of a database used by the content provider to determine a telephone 2 number at which to reach the subscriber in response to a signal received from the subscriber 3 identifying the subscriber's set-top box;
4d 1 Fig. 3A illustrates a flow of signals among the entities of Fig. 1, in the case where an 2 advertisement is transmitted by the content provider and selected by the subscriber;

4 Fig. 3B shows establishment of an end-to-end telephony link between the subscriber and a source entity for the advertisement;

7 Fig. 4 is a variant of Fig. 3A, in which related source entities for the same 8 advertisement are reachable via separate telephone numbers;

Fig. 5A is another variant of Fig. 3A, in which advertisements are associated with 11 advertisement codes;

13 Fig. 5B shows an advertisement index that maps advertisement codes to contact 14 telephone numbers of source entities for those advertisements;
16 Fig. 6A is yet another variant of Fig. 3A, in which the set-top box records the date, 17 time and channel of a subscriber's selection of an advertisement; and 19 Fig. 6B shows an advertisement schedule.

23 With reference to Fig. 1, there is shown an architecture in which a subscriber to a 24 television service (hereinafter referred to as a "television service subscriber" or simply as a "subscriber" 102) receives television programming from a content provider 26 over a television distribution network 106. The specific television programming that 27 the subscriber 102 wishes to be able to view can be selected by the subscriber 102 28 from a set of channel packages, feature packages and the like that may be offered by 29 the content provider 104. A database 108 at the content provider 104 may store an association between the subscriber 102 and data representative of the selected 31 television programming for the subscriber 102. Specifically, in a non-limiting 32 example embodiment illustrated in Fig. 2, the database 108 can comprise a record 200 33 for the subscriber 102. The record 200 contains a field 210 that stores data

5 1 representative of the selected television programming for the subscriber 102. Similar 2 records 200A may exist for other subscribers (not shown).

4 Suitable television distribution networks 106 that enable the above-mentioned customized viewing possibilities include satellite, IPTV, xDSL and cable systems. In

6 each of these types of distribution networks 106, the subscriber 102 is provided with a

7 set-top box (hereinafter STB) 112 installed at a subscriber premises 114.
In some

8 cases, the STB 112 can be alternatively and equivalently referred to as a receiver

9 device, modem, residential gateway, network interface device, etc. The subscriber premises 114 further comprises an audio-visual output device 116 (e.g., a television 11 set) and a selection device 118 (e.g., a remote control).

13 The STB 112 can have a unique identifier, such as a serial number, MAC
address or 14 IP address, by way of non-limiting example. The database 108 at the content provider 104 stores an association between the subscriber 102 and the identifier of the STB
16 112. Specifically, the record 200 for the subscriber 102 contains a field 220 that 17 stores the identifier (ID) of the STB 112. The same applies to the records 200A for 18 the other subscribers (not shown).

Also provided in the architecture of Fig. 1 is a telephony device 120, which is 21 reachable via a communication network 122 by dialing a "subscriber telephone 22 number". The database 108 at the content provider 104 stores an association between 23 the subscriber 102 and the subscriber telephone number. Specifically, the record 200 24 for the subscriber 102 contains an additional field 230 that stores the subscriber telephone number. The same applies to the records 200A for the other subscribers 26 (not shown).

28 It should be appreciated that the subscriber telephone number represents a telephone 29 number where the subscriber desires to be reached after signaling his or her interest in an advertised product or service. Thus, if the subscriber wishes to be contacted at 31 home, the telephony device 120 may reside at the subscriber premises 114 and may be 32 implemented as a POTS phone, a VoIP phone or a soft phone (i.e., a computer 33 equipped with telephony software). Alternatively, when the subscriber wishes to be 34 contacted on the move, the telephony device 120 may reside with the subscriber (i.e., 1 not necessarily at the subscriber premises 114) and may be implemented as a cellular 2 phone or other mobile communication device (e.g., a telephony-enabled personal 3 digital assistant).

The subscriber telephone number can be specified by the subscriber 102 during a 6 registration phase, whereby the subscriber 102 interacts with the content provider 104 7 in any desired way, such as by phoning or via the Internet. Also, the subscriber 8 telephone number need not be fixed for all time but rather can be modified by the 9 subscriber 102 as desired. Modification of the subscriber telephone number may be achieved in a variety of ways, including but not limited to by way of an interactive 11 voice response (IVR) system or a web site.

13 The STB 112 comprises an interface 124 to the television distribution network 106.
14 The interface 124 may differ according to the nature of the television distribution network 106, i.e., depending on whether it is a satellite, IPTV, xDSL or cable system.
16 In each case, however, the interface 124 comprises suitable circuitry, software and/or 17 control logic for receiving a signal 126 from the content provider 104.
The STB 112 18 also comprises a processing unit 128 for performing various functions to be described 19 herein below. The processing unit 128 may be implemented in software, hardware, control logic or a combination thereof.

22 In the case where the television distribution network 106 is a satellite system, an 23 xDSL system or a cable system, the signal 126 received at the STB 112 can be a 24 broadcast signal carrying a plurality of content streams 134A, 134B, 134C, 134D that collectively satisfy the viewing needs of all subscribers (including the subscriber 102).
26 However, the processing unit 128 in each given STB 112 will only be authorized to 27 access a limited portion of the received signal, that is to say, a portion which 28 corresponds to the selected television programming for the subscriber associated with 29 the given STB. For example, in the case of subscriber 102, the portion in question may include a limited number of content streams corresponding to a channel package 31 subscribed to by the subscriber 102. Some of the content streams in the channel 32 package may be television content streams, while others of the content streams may 33 be data content streams conveying, for example, interactive TV (iTV) applications for 34 download and installation on the STB 112.

2 Continuing with the example where the television distribution network 106 is a 3 satellite system, an xDSL system or a cable system, the processing unit 128 is 4 operable for selecting, from the limited number of television content streams and data content streams in the received signal 126, a specific content stream to be placed into 6 a format suitable for handling by the audio-visual output device 116. To this end, the 7 processing unit 128 is responsive to a signal 130 received from the selection device 8 118 as a result of interaction between the subscriber 102 and the selection device 118.
9 For example, the subscriber 102 may dynamically select the specific content stream using the selection device 118. Upon receipt of this selection from the selection 11 device 118, the processing unit 128 extracts the specific content stream from the 12 limited number of television content streams and data content streams in the portion 13 of the received signal 126.

In the case where the television distribution network 106 is an IPTV system, the 16 signal 126 received at the STB 112 can similarly be a broadcast signal carrying all the 17 content streams needed to satisfy the viewing needs of all subscribers.
Alternatively, 18 in an IPTV system, it is contemplated that the signal 126 received at the STB 112 can 19 comprise a signal that is more customized to the individual needs of the subscriber 102.

22 In a first non-limiting example applicable to an IPTV system, the signal in question 23 may include a set of content streams (e.g., television content streams and data content 24 streams) that correspond to the aforementioned limited number of television content streams and data content streams, which would be pre-selected by the content 26 provider 104 based on the television programming for the subscriber 102.
Here, the 27 processing unit 128 in the STB 112 is operable for selecting, from the limited number 28 of television content streams and data content streams, a specific content stream to be 29 placed into a format suitable for handling by the audio-visual output device 116. As mentioned above, the processing unit 128 is responsive to the signal 130 submitted by 31 the subscriber 102 via the selection device 118, by virtue of which the subscriber 102 32 may dynamically select the specific content stream.

1 In a second non-limiting example applicable to an IPTV system, the signal released 2 by the content provider 104 towards the subscriber 102 is changed on the fly, and is 3 limited to comprising the specific content stream that has actually been selected by the 4 subscriber 102, in addition to possibly an auxiliary content stream that may be part of the subscriber's channel package but which was not explicitly selected by the 6 subscriber using the selection device 118. The requisite dynamic channel changing at 7 the content provider 104 is achieved by rendering the processing unit 128 operable to 8 capture the subscriber's selections and to return them to the content provider 104 in a 9 reverse direction of communication. Based on the subscriber's selections, the content provider determines the specific content stream requested by the subscriber 102 and 11 sends the specific content stream to the STB 112, possibly bundled with an auxiliary 12 content stream. In a non-limiting example, the auxiliary content stream may be a data 13 content stream containing an iTV application that may be required to support certain 14 features being subscribed to by the subscriber 102.
16 Assume now that for the purposes of the present non-limiting example, the specific 17 content stream is a specific television content stream 134B. With continued reference 18 to Fig. 1, the specific television content stream 134B may include a substream 136 19 that carries a television show / movie. Regardless of the type of television distribution network 106 (e.g., satellite, cable, xDSL or IPTV), the processing unit 128 at the STB
21 112 converts the substream 136 of the specific television content stream 134B into an 22 audio-visual signal 132, which is supplied to the audio-visual output device 116 for 23 conveyance of the television show to the subscriber 102.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the substream 136 of the specific 26 television content stream 134B may include information that is deemed to be of 27 potential interest to a multi-subscriber audience that includes the subscriber 102.
28 Non-limiting examples of information falling into this category include:
29 - a commercial advertisement for a product or service, which can occur between segments of the television show / movie carried by the substream 31 136 of the specific television content stream 134B;
32 - the television show / movie itself, containing embedded product or service 33 placements ("plugs") at strategic moments;

1 - the television show itself, when aimed specifically at shoppers (e.g., a 2 home shopping channel, whose raison &etre is to provide viewers with 3 continuous opportunities to purchase a product or service);
4 - a solicitation for a charitable contribution;
- a public service announcement, inviting viewers to speak to someone at 6 the other end of a kids help line, suicide prevention hotline, domestic 7 violence sanctuary hotline, crime stoppers hotline, etc.;
8 - an announcement made by a fan club, inviting viewers to speak to a 9 representative of the fan club;
- a survey, poll or vote, where a viewer is asked to indicate a preference 11 (such as a singer, musician, etc.) by dialing a specific telephone associated 12 with his or her preference;
13 - a survey, poll or vote, requiring confirmation of viewer input via a 14 telephone;
- an announcement for a call-in talk show or debate, inviting viewers to 16 speak to the show's host or participate in the debate;
17 - etc.
18 Further examples of what may constitute information that is deemed to be of potential 19 interest to a multi-subscriber audience that includes the subscriber 102 will be apparent to those of skill in the art.

22 For the sole purpose of simplifying the present description, only one example of information that is deemed to be of potential interest to a multi-subscriber audience 24 that includes the subscriber 102 namely, an advertisement for a product or service, will be used herein below to continue to describe the present invention.
Nevertheless, 26 it is expected that those skilled in the art will readily appreciate how the teachings 27 herein can be applied to the other aforementioned examples of information that is 28 deemed to be of potential interest to a multi-subscriber audience, as well as to other 29 examples not explicitly listed above.
31 With this in mind, and in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, 32 some of the advertisements for a product or service may be associated with a contact telephone number, which may be the telephone number of a source entity (such as a merchant) for the advertised product or service. One example of a source entity is 1 illustrated by the numeral 138. Located at the source entity 138 is a communication 2 device 140 that is reachable via the communication network 122 by dialing a specific 3 contact telephone number assigned to the source entity 138.

The communication network 122 enables basic telephony and possibly other services 6 to be provided to the source entity 138 and the subscriber 102. The communication 7 network 122 may be embodied as a wireless network, a data network (such as the 8 Internet) capable of handling VoIP calls, the public switched telephone network 9 (PSTN) or a combination thereof 11 In the case where the communication device 140 is reachable via a portion of the 12 communication network 122 that is part of a wireless network or a data network 13 capable of handling VoIP calls, the contact telephone number assigned to the source 14 entity 138 may uniquely identify the communication device 140 regardless of its physical location. Similarly, where the telephony device 120 is reachable via a 16 portion of the communication network 122 that is part of a wireless network or a data 17 network capable of handling VoIP calls, the subscriber telephone number may 18 uniquely identify the telephony device 120 at the subscriber premises 114 regardless 19 of its physical location.
21 In the case where the communication device 140 is connected to a physical link of the 22 communication network 122 that is part of the PSTN, the contact telephone number 23 assigned to the source entity 138 may uniquely identify the physical link to which the 24 communication device 140 (and possibly other communication devices not shown) at the source entity 138 may be connected. Similarly, where the telephony device 120 is 26 connected to a physical link of the communication network 122 that is part of the 27 PSTN, the subscriber telephone number may uniquely identify the physical link to 28 which the telephony device 120 (and possibly other telephony devices not shown) 29 may be connected.
31 The communication network 122 is further coupled to a processing entity 142 at the 32 content provider 104. The processing entity 142, which has access to the 33 aforementioned database 108, can include a call control module 144, a transmission 34 module 148 and a return path module 146. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that 1 certain portions of the processing entity 142 may be implemented using hardware, 2 software, control logic or a combination thereof. Also, it should be appreciated that 3 the processing entity 142 may include a number of other components used for 4 purposes other than the purpose of the present invention.
6 In one embodiment of the present invention, the call control module 144 can comprise 7 call processing hardware. In some embodiments of the present invention, the call 8 processing hardware can comprise an HP Proliant DL380 G2 Telephony Server 9 manufactured by Hewlett-Packard Company of 3000 Hanover St., Palo Alto, CA, USA, and 2 NMS CG6000 card manufactured by NMS Communications of 100 11 Crossing Blvd., Framingham, MA, USA.

13 The call control module 144 can further comprise call processing logic, which is 14 responsible for controlling the call processing hardware and for exchanging signalling information with the communication network 122. It should be understood that any 16 suitable call processing logic can be employed for the purposes of this invention and 17 as one skilled in the art will appreciate, the call processing logic will depend on the 18 type of the signalling information and the type of processing required.
For example, 19 the call processing logic can comprise a Ubiquity Application Server ¨
available from Ubiquity of 515 Legget Dr., Suite 400, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada ¨ which is capable of 21 processing SIP-based signalling information. In other embodiments, the call 22 processing logic can comprise a Java-based software application for processing SS7-23 based signalling information.

It should be recognized that the call control module 144 can comprise additional 26 hardware, firmware and/or software components. For instance, in some embodiments 27 of the present invention, the call control module 144 can further comprise a media 28 server, which can be used for DTMF signal detection and the like.

The transmission module 148 can be co-located with the call control module 144 or it 31 can be located elsewhere. In one specific non-limiting example, the transmission 32 module 148 can comprise an HP Proliant BL2Op G3 Blade Server manufactured by 33 Hewlett-Packard Company.

1 The transmission module 148 is operable to perform a number of functions, such as 2 compiling content streams from various content sources (not shown), multiplexing the 3 compiled content streams, encoding the multiplexed content streams for transmission 4 and transmitting the encoded content streams to a number of STBs including the STB
112. Also, the transmission module 148 performs a variety of administrative 6 functions such as billing, maintaining customer profiles and maintaining channel line-7 ups.

9 Depending on the nature of the television distribution network 106, the return path module 146 can be co-located with the call control module 144 and/or the 11 transmission module 148, or it can be located elsewhere. The return path module 146 12 is operable to cause the call control module 144 to initiate outgoing calls over the 13 communication network 122 and, more specifically, to initiate two call legs and then 14 to bridge them in a back-to-back fashion, analogous to establishing a three-way conference and hanging up. Control of this activity of the call control module 144 is 16 performed on the basis of subscriber input received from a number of STBs including 17 the STB 112 via a respective return path to the return path module 146.

19 The manner in which the return path is established depends on the nature of the television distribution network 106. In the case where the television distribution 21 network 106 is a cable system, an xDSL system or an IPTV system, a point-to-point 22 link between the content provider 104 and the STB 112 is available for distribution of 23 the signal 126. This same point-to-point link can be used to establish the return path 24 to the content provider 104. In the case where the television distribution network 106 is a satellite system, there is no point-to-point link between the content provider 104 26 and the subscriber premises 114. Here, the solution is to connect the STB 112 to the 27 telephony device 120 at the subscriber premises 114. This is shown by a dashed line 28 numbered 150 in Fig. 1. When subscriber input needs to be sent to the content 29 provider 104, the STB 112 can dial into the content provider 104 via the communication network 122, thereby establishing a return path to the return path 31 module 146, possibly via the call control module 144.

33 It is recalled that the use of a return path was briefly described above in connection 34 with relaying to the content provider 104 the subscriber's selection of a specific 1 content stream, in the case where the television distribution network was an IPTV
2 system with a point-to-point IPTV link between the content provider 104 and the STB
3 112. In greater detail, what is happening is that the STB 112 captures the subscriber's 4 dynamic selection of the specific content stream and sends it to the return path module 146 over the point-to-point IPTV link. Upon receipt of the subscriber's selection, the 6 return path module 146 isolates the specific content stream and controls the 7 transmission module 148 to send the corresponding signal to the STB 112.
The 8 transmission module 148 may decide that an auxiliary content stream (such as a data 9 content stream) may need to accompany the specific content stream.
11 Additional types of subscriber input that may be conveyed to the return path module 12 146 at the content provider 104 include indications of the subscriber's selection of an 13 advertisement appearing in a given television content stream. The manner in which 14 this type of subscriber input can be obtained by the STB 112, as well as the impact that this type of subscriber input has on the functioning of the processing entity 142, 16 will become apparent from the below description, which applies regardless of the 17 nature of the television distribution network 106 (e.g., satellite, cable, xDSL or IPTV).

19 Reference is now made to Fig. 3A. Recalling the earlier assumption that the specific content stream is the specific television content stream 134B including the substream 21 136 carrying a television show, and further recalling that the television show may 22 include advertisements, specific non-limiting embodiments of the present invention 23 contemplate that certain advertisements appearing in the specific television content 24 stream 134B will be associated with so-called "data elements" 302A, 302B, 302C.
The data elements 302A, 302B, 302C can be inserted into the specific television 26 content stream 134B, while other data elements (not shown) associated with 27 advertisements appearing in other television content streams can be inserted into those 28 other television content streams. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that the 29 manner in which the data elements 302A, 302B, 302C are made to coexist with the substream 136 within the specific television content stream 134B is not particularly 31 limiting. For example, the data elements 302A, 302B, 302C may be hidden tagged 32 identifiers within the substream 136.

1 Insertion of the data elements 302A, 302B, 302C into the specific television content 2 stream 134B, as well as insertion of other data elements into other television content 3 streams, is performed by the transmission module 148. Ideally, the transmission 4 module 148 ensures that insertion of the data element associated with a given advertisement appearing on a given television content stream is synchronized with 6 appearance of the given advertisement within the given television content stream.

8 In a first specific example, each of the data elements 302A, 302B, 302C
appearing in 9 the specific television content stream 134B comprises the contact telephone number of a respective source entity for an advertised product or service. For example, let 11 data element 302A comprise the contact telephone number assigned to the source 12 entity 138. Other ones of the data elements 302B, 302C may comprise contact 13 telephone numbers assigned to other source entities (not shown).
Similarly, other data 14 elements (not shown) may appear in other ones of the content streams 134A, 134C, 134D that are television content streams.

17 At the STB 112, the specific television content stream 134B (which contains the 18 substream 136 and the data elements 302A, 302B, 302C) is processed as follows.
19 Firstly, as has already been described, the processing unit 128 converts the substream 136 of the specific television content stream 134B carrying the television show into 21 the aforementioned audio-visual signal 132, which is supplied to the audio-visual 22 output device 116 for conveyance to the subscriber 102. In addition, and according to 23 a non-limiting example embodiment of the present invention, the data elements 302A, 24 302B, 302C are also processed by the processing unit 128. Specifically, the processing unit 128 runs an interactive application, which can be an iTV
application.
26 The interactive application may have been previously downloaded over a data channel 27 and installed by the STB 112. Alternatively, the interactive application may be pre-28 programmed in the STB 112.

The interactive application is operable to perform a first stage of processing, in which 31 the interactive application is on standby for data elements (such as data elements 32 302A, 302B, 302C) appearing in the specific television content stream 134B. Upon 33 detection of the appearance of a data element in the specific television content stream 1 134B, the interactive application enters a second stage of processing.
This second 2 stage of processing may take on a variety of forms, as will now be described.

4 For example, the second stage of processing may simply consist of waiting for the subscriber 102 to respond to the advertisement currently appearing on the audio-visual 6 output device 116, and interpreting certain responses as a "selection" of the 7 advertisement. For example, the subscriber's response can be interpreted to be a 8 "selection" when a particular button or sequence of buttons has been pressed on the 9 selection device 118. Alternatively, a special-purpose button on the selection device 118 may be provided for this purpose. If a selection is deemed to have been made, the 11 contact telephone number contained in the data element that is synchronized with the 12 advertisement that appeared on the audio-visual output device 116 when the 13 subscriber's response was received is then stored for eventual transmission to the 14 content provider 104.
16 In another example, the second stage of processing may trigger the appearance of a 17 window on the audio-visual output device 116. The window, which in a non-limiting 18 embodiment may be a pop-up window, can alert the subscriber 102 to the fact that the 19 advertisement currently appearing on the audio-visual output device 116 is associated with a contact telephone number. In addition, the window may represent a request for 21 feedback by soliciting a response from the subscriber 102, such as by displaying 22 "INTERESTED? PRESS 1 for YES and 2 for NO" or any conceivable variant thereof.
23 The subscriber's response is captured by the processing unit 128 and, if the subscriber 24 has pressed the appropriate button or sequence of buttons on the selection device 118, the subscriber's response may be interpreted as constituting a "selection" of the 26 advertisement currently appearing on the audio-visual output device 116.
In this case, 27 the contact telephone number contained in the data element that is synchronized with 28 the advertisement that appeared on the audio-visual output device 116 when the 29 subscriber's response was received is then stored for eventual transmission to the content provider 104.

32 It should be appreciated that a given advertisement may or may not audio-visually 33 convey a telephone number, which (if conveyed) may or may not correspond to the 34 contact telephone number contained in the data element that is synchronized with the 1 given advertisement. Thus, in cases where it is desired to inform the subscriber of the 2 contact telephone number, it is within the scope of the present invention to juxtapose 3 the contact telephone number with the advertisement. This may be achieved through 4 use of the aforementioned window.
6 Optionally, once the subscriber 102 is deemed to have made a selection, the 7 interactive application may prompt the subscriber 102 to enter a telephone number 8 where the subscriber 102 wishes to be reached. The subscriber 102 may respond by 9 keying in the desired telephone number using the selection device 118.
Alternatively, the desired telephone number may be stored in a memory accessed by the processing 11 unit 128. This feature, which is occasionally referred to herein below as an "override"
12 feature, would allow the subscriber 102 to override the subscriber telephone number 13 contained in the field 230 of the record 200 stored in the database 108 at the content 14 provider 104. In fact, this feature could permit the database 108 to be done away with entirely.

17 Assume now that the subscriber's response is deemed to be a selection of a particular 18 advertisement, and assume further that the particular advertisement was synchronized 19 with data element 302A which contains the contact telephone number of the source entity 138. This particular contact telephone number will hereinafter be referred to as 21 the "target telephone number", to convey the notion that it is the result of a selection 22 having been made by the subscriber 102.

24 The interactive application enters a third stage of processing during which a return message 304A or 304B is sent to the return path module 146 over the return path.
26 Specifically, and with continued reference to Fig. 3A, the return message 304A or 27 304B comprises a data element 312 containing the target telephone number and a data 28 element 342 containing the STB identifier. In addition, if the override feature 29 described previously is in effect, then the return message 304A or 304B
comprises a data element 344 containing a dynamically selected subscriber telephone number.

32 It should be appreciated that the processing unit 128 may be adapted to send the return 33 message 304A or 304B immediately upon completion of the second processing stage, 34 or only after a delay. The application of a delay may be useful in order to not 1 interrupt the subscriber's viewing of the television show. If used, the delay may be 2 fixed or pre-configurable by the subscriber 102. Alternatively, the subscriber 102 3 may enter a preferred time at which he or she wishes to have the return message 304A
4 or 304B sent to the content provider 104. Still alternatively, the subscriber 102 may enter a preferred time at which he or she wishes to enter into contact with the source 6 entity 138, and this preferred time will be contained in a data element 346 that is part 7 of the return message 304A or 304B, along with the data elements 312, 342 and 344 8 containing, respectively, the target telephone number, the STB identifier and, if 9 applicable, the dynamically selected subscriber telephone number 344. It should be appreciated that the preferred time may also represent a time, not before which or not 11 after which the subscriber 102 wishes to enter into contact with the source entity 138.

13 Still alternatively, the target telephone number may be stored in a memory accessed 14 by the processing unit 128; then, at a later time when it is convenient for the subscriber 102 to do so, the subscriber may interact with the STB 112 (e.g., by way of 16 an iTV application) in order to recall the target telephone number and trigger 17 transmission of the message 304A or 304B to the return path module 146.

19 Upon receipt of the return message 304A or 304B from the STB 112, the return path module 146 extracts the data element 312 containing the target telephone number and 21 the data element 342 containing the the STB identifier, and performs the following 22 process. Firstly, assuming that the return message 304A or 304B does not contain the 23 data element 344 containing the subscriber telephone number, the return path module 24 146 consults the database 108 based on the STB identifier and accesses the record 200 for the subscriber 102. In particular, the return path module 146 extracts the contents 26 of field 230, thereby obtaining the subscriber telephone number for the subscriber 27 102. Of course, the previous step may be omitted if the return message 304A or 304B
28 received from the STB 112 contains a data element 344 dynamically selected 29 subscriber telephone number, since the latter will obviate the need for field 230.
31 For the purposes of the present example, it is assumed that the subscriber telephone 32 number (either extracted from the database 108 or comprised in the data element 312 33 in the return message 304A or 304B) identifies the telephony device 120.
Using both 34 the subscriber telephone number and the target telephone number, the return path 1 module 146 sends a "call initiation message" 306 to the call control module 144. In 2 two non-limiting example embodiments, the call initiation message can be a SOAP
3 message or an XML message.

The call initiation message 306 includes a data element 380 containing an origination 6 party telephone number and a data element 382 containing a destination party 7 telephone number. In an example that may be appropriate for traditional billing 8 arrangements, the origination party telephone number can be the subscriber telephone 9 number and the destination party telephone number can be the target telephone number. Of course, the reverse may be done in an alternative embodiment.

12 If a preferred time was specified in the data element 346 in the return message 304A
13 or 304B received from the STB 112, then the return path module 146 may strive to 14 send the call initiation message 306 to the call control unit 144 at around the preferred time (or not before the preferred time, or not after the preferred time, depending on 16 operational significance of the "preferred time"). Alternatively, the call initiation 17 message 306 may additionally specify the preferred time.

19 The call initiation message 306 is interpreted by the call control module 144 as a trigger to initiate a connection between the entities responsive to the origination party 21 telephone number and the destination party telephone number.

23 In an example embodiment, and with reference to Fig. 3B, the call control module 144 24 attempts to establish a first telephony leg 350 with the source entity 138. Where the communication device 140 is reachable by a telephone line in the PSTN, the first 26 telephony leg 350 can be established by dialing the target telephone number (e.g., 27 using SS7 commands) and waiting for the communication device 140 to be answered.
28 Alternatively, when the communication device 140 is reachable by an IP
address in a 29 data network, the first telephony leg 350 can be established by issuing (or causing a softswitch to issue) a SIP invite to the communication device 140 via the 31 communication network 122 and waiting for the communication device 140 to be 32 answered.

1 Either contemporaneously with establishment of the first telephony leg 350, or 2 possibly only once the call control module 144 obtains confirmation that the 3 communication device 140 has been answered, the call control module 144 attempts 4 to establish a second telephony leg 360 with the subscriber 102. Where the telephony device 120 is reachable by a telephone line in the PSTN, the second telephony leg 360 6 can be established by dialing the subscriber telephone number (e.g., using SS7 7 commands) and waiting for the telephony device 120 to be answered.
Alternatively, 8 when the telephony device 120 is reachable by an IP address in a data network, the 9 second telephony leg 360 can be established by issuing (or causing a softswitch to issue) a SIP invite to the telephony device 120 via the communication network 11 and waiting for the telephony device 120 to be answered.

13 Of course, the reverse scenario is possible. Specifically, the call control module 144 14 may establish the aforementioned first telephony leg 350 after establishment (or beginning establishment) of the aforementioned second telephony leg 360.

17 Once both telephony legs 350, 360 have been established, the two legs are bridged in 18 a back-to-back fashion, allowing an end-to-end telephony link to be established 19 between the subscriber 102 and the source entity 138. Those skilled in the art are expected to be familiar with techniques for creating a bridge between the first and 21 second telephony legs 350, 360, and hence further details need not be provided here.

23 From the above, it will be observed that upon making selections to express his or her 24 interest in a particular advertisement, the subscriber 102 will be placed into telephonic communication with the source entity 138 that is associated with the advertisement.
26 This increases the convenience with which the subscriber 102 can order various 27 products and services, since there is no need to memorize any telephone numbers. In 28 fact, the subscriber 102 might not ever learn the actual contact telephone number of 29 the source entity 138, which may be in a different area code. Thus, what has been achieved is a decoupling of the geographic location of the source entity 138 with 31 respect to the geographic area of the audience for the particular advertisement, thereby 32 affording a cost savings for the advertiser.

1 In addition, where the television distribution network 106 is an IPTV
system, an 2 xDSL system or a cable system, it is envisaged that one single audio-visual 3 advertisement may be associated with multiple different data elements (i.e., contact 4 telephone numbers). For example, although different members of the intended audience for a common advertisement may have a unique geographic or linguistic 6 attribute, this geographic or linguistic attribute can be taken account by designing the 7 data element 302A to be different when sent to different subscribers.

9 Thus, the data element 302A sent to English-speaking subscribers may contain a first contact telephone number of a department of the source entity 138 where service is 11 provided in English, while the data element 302A sent to Spanish-speaking 12 subscribers may contain a second contact telephone number of a department of the 13 source entity 138 where service is provided in Spanish.

Analogously, the data element 302A sent to subscribers in a geographic region A may 16 contain a first contact telephone number of a first division of the source entity 138, 17 while the data element 302A sent to subscribers in a geographic region B
may contain 18 a second contact telephone number of a second division of the source entity 138. The 19 geographic regions may correspond to distinct provinces/states, distinct services areas of respective central offices, etc.

22 In order to incorporate different subscribers' attribute values where the attribute is a 23 language preference, the transmission module 148 may access a database where 24 language preferences are stored, based on a collection of data that may occur during a registration phase or during viewing. In order to incorporate different subscribers' 26 attribute values where the attribute is a geographic location, the transmission module 27 148 may access a database where subscriber area codes and/or postal codes are stored, 28 based on a collection of data that may occur during a registration phase.

The above demonstrates an increased flexibility, making the subscriber's experience 31 of viewing advertisements more pleasant, focused and potentially likely to result in a 32 display of interest.

1 In a variant of the above-described embodiment, the source entity 138 may be a 2 distributed entity and thus reachable by a number of different contact telephone 3 numbers. For example a plurality of contact telephone numbers may be assigned to 4 franchises in different geographic regions to allow rapid delivery of a product such as pizza. In this case, subscribers in a given geographic region (e.g., area code) may 6 need to dial a specific contact telephone number for that area code.
However, the 7 advertiser may decide that providing a multiplicity of telephone numbers on a TV
8 screen may be unappealing, as most of the information is irrelevant to most 9 subscribers in any given area code.
11 To this end, and with reference to Fig. 4, an embodiment of the present invention 12 contemplates that a data element 402 can appear in a specific television content 13 stream 434. The data element 402 is synchronized with an advertisement appearing in 14 the substream 136, which is also contained in the specific television content stream 434. The data element 402 comprises a plurality of contact telephone numbers 404A, 16 404B, 404C and optional accompanying attribute values 410A, 410B, 410C.
The 17 contact telephone numbers 404A, 404B, 404C specify the telephone numbers where 18 respective sub-entities 406A, 406B, 406C related to a distributed master source entity 19 408 for an advertised product or service may be reached. The optional accompanying attribute values 410A, 410B, 410C may specify a language or geographic location 21 associated with the corresponding contact telephone number, for example.
Other data 22 elements (not shown) may appear in the specific television content stream 434 and 23 other television content streams.

At the STB 112, the specific television content stream 434 (which contains the 26 substream 136 and the data element 402) is processed as follows.
Firstly, as has 27 already been described, the processing unit 128 converts the substream 136 of the 28 specific television content stream 434 carrying the television show into the 29 aforementioned audio-visual signal 132, which is supplied to the audio-visual output device 116 for conveyance to the subscriber 102. In addition, and according to a non-31 limiting example embodiment of the present invention, the data element 402 is also 32 processed by the processing unit 128. Specifically, the processing unit 128 runs an 33 interactive application, which can be an iTV application. The interactive application 34 may have been previously downloaded over a data channel and installed by the STB

1 112. Alternatively, the interactive application may be pre-programmed in the STB
2 112.

4 The interactive application is operable to perform a first stage of processing, in which the interactive application is on standby for data elements (such as the data element 6 402) appearing in the specific television content stream 434. Upon detection of the 7 appearance of a data element in the specific television content stream 434, the 8 interactive application enters a second stage of processing. This second stage of 9 processing may take on a variety of forms, as will now be described.
11 For example, the second stage of processing may simply consist of waiting for the 12 subscriber 102 to respond to the advertisement currently appearing on the audio-visual 13 output device 116, and interpreting certain responses as a "selection"
of the 14 advertisement. For example, the subscriber's response can be interpreted to be a "selection" when a particular button or sequence of buttons has been pressed on the 16 selection device 118. Alternatively, a special-purpose button on the selection device 17 118 may be provided for this purpose.

19 Once a subscriber selection is deemed to have been made, the processing unit 128 selects one of the contact telephone numbers 404A, 404B, 404C contained in the data 21 element 402 that is synchronized with the advertisement that appeared on the audio-22 visual output device 116 when the subscriber's response was received.
Selection of 23 one of the contact telephone numbers 404A, 404B, 404C can be performed in a 24 variety of ways.
26 In one specific non-limiting embodiment, selection of one of the contact numbers may 27 be made on the basis of attempting to identify which of the contact telephone numbers 28 404A, 404B, 404C is geographically closest to the customer premises 114.
The 29 "location" of the contact telephone numbers 404A, 404B, 404C may be implicit in their area code, or it may be specified by the accompanying attribute value 410A, 31 410B, 410C. For its part, the "location" of the customer premises 114 may be derived 32 from information stored in the STB 112, such as the area code of the subscriber 33 telephone number, a city name or postal code. Alternatively, the "location" of the 1 customer premises 114 may be derived from GPS coordinates output by a GPS
2 receiver connected to the STB 112.

4 In another specific non-limiting embodiment, selection of one of the contact numbers may be made on the basis of attempting to identify which of the contact telephone 6 numbers 404A, 404B, 404C provides the best service to the subscriber 102, in 7 accordance with subscriber parameters (e.g., language preference). To this end, the 8 various attribute values 410A, 410B, 410C which accompany the contact telephone 9 numbers 404A, 404B, 404C may specify different languages of service. For its part, the subscriber's "language preference" may be obtained from the subscriber 102 11 during viewing through interaction with the selection device 118.
Alternatively, the 12 subscriber's language preference may be stored in a memory accessed by the 13 processing unit 128. Still alternatively, the subscriber's language preference may be 14 obtained from a data element in the specific television content stream.
16 In another example, the second stage of processing may consist of the processing unit 17 128 causing the appearance of a window on the audio-visual output device 116. The 18 window, which in a non-limiting embodiment may be a pop-up window, can alert the 19 subscriber 102 to the fact that the advertisement currently appearing on the audio-visual output device 116 is associated with a contact telephone number (or, in this 21 case, more than one contact telephone number). In addition, the window may 22 represent a request for feedback by soliciting a response from the subscriber 102, such 23 as by displaying "INTERESTED? PRESS 1 for YES and 2 for NO" or any 24 conceivable variant thereof. The subscriber's response is captured by the processing unit 128 and, if the subscriber has pressed the appropriate button or sequence of 26 buttons on the selection device 118, the subscriber's response may be interpreted as 27 constituting a "selection" of the advertisement currently appearing on the audio-visual 28 output device 116.

In the present variant, it is noted that there is a plurality of contact telephone numbers 31 available for the subscriber 102 to choose from. Thus, the window may display the 32 various contact telephone numbers 404A, 404B, 404C contained in the data element 33 402 that is synchronized with the advertisement that appeared on the audio-visual 34 output device 116 when the subscriber's response was received. The window further 1 permits the subscriber 102 to select one of these, e.g., on the basis of any criterion that 2 the subscriber 102 may deem appropriate. To assist the subscriber 102 in making the 3 selection, the window may display the accompanying attribute values 410A, 410B, 4 401C in association with each contact telephone number 404A, 404B, 404C.
For example, the accompanying attribute value may be a particular city name, language of 6 service, etc.

8 Once the subscriber 102 is deemed to have made a selection, the selected contact 9 telephone number is stored for eventual transmission to the content provider 104. The selected contact telephone number will hereinafter be referred to as the "target 11 telephone number". Optionally, once the subscriber 102 is deemed to have made a 12 selection, the interactive application may prompt the subscriber 102 to enter a 13 telephone number where the subscriber 102 wishes to be reached. The subscriber 102 14 may respond by keying in the desired telephone number using the selection device 118. Alternatively, the desired telephone number may be stored in a memory 16 accessed by the processing unit 128. This feature, which can be referred to as an 17 "override" feature, would allow the subscriber 102 to override the subscriber 18 telephone number contained in the field 230 of the record 200 stored in the database 19 108 at the content provider 104. In fact, this feature could permit the database 108 to be done away with entirely.

22 The interactive application now enters a third stage of processing, which is identical 23 to the previously described third stage of processing and hence need not be described 24 in further detail here. Similarly, the actions of the processing entity 142 are identical to those described above, resulting in the establishment of two telephony legs, one 26 between the call control module 144 and the communication device 140 of the source 27 entity 406A, 406B or 406C corresponding to the target telephone number, the other 28 between the call control module 144 and the telephony device 120. Once both 29 telephony legs have been established, the call control module 144 may connect the two legs in a back-to-back fashion as described above.

32 In accordance with a further variant of the present invention, now described with 33 reference to Figs. 5A and 5B, it is assumed that the specific content stream is a 34 specific television content stream 534 that includes the aforementioned substream 136 1 carrying a television show. It continues to be the case that the television show 2 includes advertisements associated with so-called "data elements"
inserted into the 3 specific television content stream 534, although in this case the data elements are 4 denoted 502A, 502B and 502C. This different notation is due to the fact that in the present variant, the data elements 502A, 502B, 502C comprise respective 6 "advertisement codes" corresponding to the advertisements with which they are 7 synchronized.

9 To understand how the advertising codes comprised in the data elements 502A, 502B, 502C are processed by the STB 112, it should be explained that the content provider 11 104 maintains or has access to an additional database 518, referred to as an 12 "advertisement index", which comprises a plurality of records 504A, 504B, 504C
13 associated with respective advertisements. Each of the records 504A, 504B, 504C
14 comprises a code field 506 which stores the advertisement code for the associated advertisement. In this case, by way of non-limiting example, the code field 506 for 16 the records 504A, 504B, 504C stores the advertisement codes ABC, 123 and XYZ, 17 respectively.

19 In addition, each of the records 504A, 504B, 504C comprises a contact field 508 which stores one or more respective contact telephone numbers for the associated 21 advertisement. A contact telephone number appearing in the contact field 508 of a 22 record associated with a given advertisement can contain the telephone number(s) at 23 which a source entity for the given advertisement can be reached. For example, in the 24 illustrated embodiment, the contact field 508 of record 504A contains "555-1212", and let this be the contact telephone number of the source entity 138.
Additionally, 26 the contact field 508 of record 504B contains "(514) 555-1212" and "(416) 555-27 2323", which are the contact telephone numbers of a pair of source entities (e.g., sub-28 entities 406A and 406B from Fig. 4). Finally, the contact field 508 of record 504C
29 contains "1-800-555-1212", which is the contact telephone number of yet another source entity (e.g., sub-entity 406C from Fig. 4).

32 At the STB 112, the specific television content stream 534 (which contains the 33 substream 136 and the data elements 502A, 502B, 502C) is processed as follows.
34 Firstly, in similar fashion to what has already been described, the processing unit 128 1 converts the substream 136 of the specific television content stream 534 carrying the 2 television show into the aforementioned audio-visual signal 132, which is supplied to 3 the audio-visual output device 116 for conveyance to the subscriber 102.
In addition, 4 and according to a non-limiting example embodiment of the present invention, the data elements 502A, 502B, 502C are also processed by the processing unit 128.
6 Specifically, the processing unit 128 runs an interactive application, which can be an 7 iTV application. The interactive application may have been previously downloaded 8 over a data channel and installed by the STB 112. Alternatively, the interactive 9 application may be pre-programmed in the STB 112.
11 The interactive application is operable to perform a first stage of processing, in which 12 the interactive application is on standby for data elements (such as data elements 13 502A, 502B, 502C) appearing in the specific television content stream 534. Upon 14 detection of the appearance of a data element in the specific television content stream 534, the interactive application enters a second stage of processing. This second stage 16 of processing may take on a variety of forms, as will now be described.

18 For example, the second stage of processing may simply consist of waiting for the 19 subscriber 102 to respond to the advertisement currently appearing on the audio-visual output device 116, and interpreting certain responses as a "selection" of the 21 advertisement. For example, the subscriber's response can be interpreted to be a 22 "selection" when a particular button or sequence of buttons has been pressed on the 23 selection device 118. Alternatively, a special-purpose button on the selection device 24 118 may be provided for this purpose. If a selection is deemed to have been made, the advertisement code contained in the data element that is synchronized with the 26 advertisement that appeared on the audio-visual output device 116 when the 27 subscriber's response was received is then stored for eventual transmission to the 28 content provider 104.

In another example, the second stage of processing may trigger the appearance of a 31 window on the audio-visual output device 116. The window, which in a non-limiting 32 embodiment may be a pop-up window, can alert the subscriber 102 to the fact that the 33 advertisement currently appearing on the audio-visual output device 116 is associated 34 with a contact telephone number -- albeit stored at the advertisement index 518. In 1 addition, the window may represent a request for feedback by soliciting a response 2 from the subscriber 102, such as by displaying "INTERESTED? PRESS 1 for YES
3 and 2 for NO" or any conceivable variant thereof. The subscriber's response is 4 captured by the processing unit 128 and, if the subscriber has pressed the appropriate button or sequence of buttons on the selection device 118, the subscriber's response 6 may be interpreted as constituting a "selection" of the advertisement currently 7 appearing on the audio-visual output device 116. In this case, the advertisement code 8 contained in the data element that is synchronized with the advertisement that 9 appeared on the audio-visual output device 116 when the subscriber's response was received is stored for eventual transmission to the content provider 104.

12 Optionally, once the subscriber 102 is deemed to have made a selection, the 13 interactive application may prompt the subscriber 102 to enter a telephone number 14 where the subscriber 102 wishes to be reached. The subscriber 102 may respond by keying in the desired telephone number using the selection device 118.
Alternatively, 16 the desired telephone number may be stored in a memory accessed by the processing 17 unit 128. This feature, which is occasionally referred to herein below as an "override"
18 feature, would allow the subscriber 102 to override the subscriber telephone number 19 contained in the field 230 of the record 200 stored in the database 108 at the content provider 104. In fact, this feature could permit the database 108 to be done away with 21 entirely.

23 Assume now that the subscriber's response is deemed to be a selection of a particular 24 advertisement, and assume further that the particular advertisement was synchronized with data element 502A. The advertisement code contained in data element 502A
26 will hereinafter referred to as the "target advertisement code". Let this advertisement 27 code be "XYZ".

29 The interactive application now enters a third stage of processing during which a return message 510A or 510B is sent to the return path module 146 over the return 31 path. Specifically, and with continued reference to Fig. 5A, the return message 510A
32 or 510B comprises a data element 512 containing the target advertisement code (in 33 this case, "XYZ") and the aforementioned data element 342 containing the STB
34 identifier. In addition, if the override feature described previously is in effect, then 1 the return message 510A or 510B comprises the aforementioned data element 2 containing a dynamically selected subscriber telephone number.

4 It should be appreciated that the processing unit 128 may be adapted to send the return message 510A or 510B immediately upon completion of the second processing stage, 6 or only after a delay. The application of a delay may be useful in order to not 7 interrupt the subscriber's viewing of the television show. If used, the delay may be 8 fixed or pre-configurable by the subscriber 102. Alternatively, the subscriber 102 9 may enter a preferred time at which he or she wishes to have the return message 510A
or 510B sent to the content provider 104. Still alternatively, the subscriber 102 may 11 enter a preferred time at which he or she wishes to enter into contact with the source 12 entity 138, and this preferred time will be containing in the aforementioned data 13 element 346 that is part of the return message 510A or 510B, along with the data 14 elements 512, 344 and 346 containing, respectively, the target advertisement code, the STB identifier and, if applicable, the dynamically selected subscriber telephone 16 number. It should be appreciated that the preferred time may also represent a time, 17 not before which or not after which the subscriber 102 wishes to enter into contact 18 with the source entity 138.

Still alternatively, the target telephone number may be stored in a memory accessed 21 by the processing unit 128; then, at a later time when it is convenient for the 22 subscriber 102 to do so, the subscriber may interact with the STB 112 (e.g., by way of 23 an iTV application) in order to recall the target telephone number and trigger 24 transmission of the message 510A or 510B to the return path module 146.
26 Upon receipt of the return message 510A or 510B from the STB 112, the return path 27 module 146 extracts the target advertisement code and the STB
identifier, and 28 performs the following process. Firstly, assuming that the return message 510A or 29 510B does not contain a subscriber telephone number, the return path module 146 consults the database 108 based on the STB identifier and accesses the record 200 for 31 the subscriber 102. In particular, the return path module 146 extracts the contents of 32 field 230, thereby obtaining the subscriber telephone number for the subscriber 102.
33 Of course, the previous step may be omitted if the return message 510A
or 510B

1 received from the STB 112 contains a dynamically selected subscriber telephone 2 number, since the latter will obviate the need for field 230.

4 For the purposes of the present example, it is assumed that the subscriber telephone number (either extracted from the database 108 or comprised in the return message 6 510A or 510B) identifies the telephony device 120.

8 In addition, the return path module 146 consults the advertisement index 518 based on 9 the target advertisement code. In the present example, the return path module accesses the record 504C, since the contents of the code field 506 of the record 504C
11 matches the target advertisement code (namely, "XYZ"). Thus, the return path 12 module 146 extracts the contents of associated contact field 508, namely, "1-800-555-13 1212", which as mentioned above is the contact telephone number of the sub-entity 14 406C. This is hereinafter referred to as the "target telephone number".
16 Of course, it is possible that the contents of the associated contact field 508 of another 17 record will comprise a plurality of contact telephone numbers. If this is indeed the 18 case (e.g., as is the case with record 504B), then the return path module 146 may 19 perform additional processing to determine which of these contact telephone numbers should be selected as the target telephone number. Selection of the target telephone 21 number from the plurality of contact telephone numbers can be performed in a variety 22 of ways.

24 In one specific non-limiting embodiment, selection of the target telephone number from the plurality of contact numbers may be made on the basis of attempting to 26 identify which of the plurality of contact telephone numbers is geographically closest 27 to the customer premises 114. The "location" of a given contact telephone number 28 may be implicit in its area code, or it may be specified by an accompanying attribute 29 value (which may include GPS coordinates). For its part, the "location"
of the customer premises 114 may be derived by the return path module 146 on the basis of 31 a postal code, area code, etc., which may be obtained from subscriber billing 32 information.

1 In another specific non-limiting embodiment, selection of the target telephone number 2 from the plurality of contact numbers may be made on the basis of attempting to 3 identify which of the plurality of contact telephone numbers provides the best service 4 to the subscriber 102, in accordance with subscriber parameters (e.g., language preference) that may be conveyed by the subscriber 102 during a registration phase or 6 by the subscriber or STB 112 during viewing.

8 In yet another specific non-limiting embodiment, selection of the target telephone 9 number from the plurality of contact numbers may be made on the basis of attempting to identify which of the plurality of contact telephone numbers is most suitable for the 11 current content of the television show carried by substream 136. For example, when 12 the television show is in Spanish, then it may be desirable to select the contact 13 telephone number that provides service to the subscriber 102 in Spanish.
Similarly, 14 when the television show is a children's program, then it may be desirable to select the contact telephone number that provides specialized service to children.

17 Using both the subscriber telephone number and the target telephone number, the 18 return path module 146 sends a call initiation message 306 to the call control module 19 144, as has been previously described. If a preferred time was specified in the return message 510A or 510B received from the STB 112, then the return path module 21 may strive to send the call initiation message 306 to the call control unit 144 at around 22 the preferred time (or not before the preferred time, or not after the preferred time, as 23 appropriate).

As described before, the call initiation message 306 causes the establishment of two 26 telephony legs, one between the call control module 144 and the communication 27 device 140 associated with the target telephone number, the other between the call 28 control module 144 and the telephony device 120. Once both telephony legs have 29 been established, the call control module 144 may connect the two legs in a back-to-back fashion as described above.

32 It should be appreciated that the aforementioned embodiments apply when the 33 specific television content stream 134B, 434, 534 (including the substream 136 34 carrying a television show and the various data elements synchronized with 1 advertisements appearing in the television show) is supplied directly from the content 2 provider 104. The aforementioned embodiments also apply equally well when the 3 specific television content stream 134B, 434, 534 is supplied by a personal video 4 recorder (PVR) that replays the specific television content stream 134B, 434, 534 after a certain amount of time following receipt from the content provider 104.

7 In yet another variant of the present invention, reference is made to Figs. 6A and 6B.
8 In this embodiment, the specific content stream is a specific television content stream 9 634 that includes the previously described substream 136 carrying a television show which may include advertisements. However, in this variant, the advertisements 11 appearing in the specific television content stream 634 are not associated with any so-12 called "data elements".

14 Instead, the content provider 104 maintains or has access to an additional database 618, referred to as an advertisement schedule, which stores time slots 602 each of 16 which may or may not contain an advertisement code 604 therein. The time slots can 17 be divided up by date, channel and time interval. In addition, each time slot 602 may 18 be associated with a list of subscribers (e.g., STB identifiers) to whom the 19 advertisement has been sent. In fact, each time slot 602 may be associated with multiple advertisement codes 604, each with its own list of subscribers. In this way, 21 the content provider 104 is able to capture the different advertisement codes that may 22 apply to different subscribers in the same time slot 602.

24 In addition, the content provider 104 continues to maintain the aforementioned advertisement index 518, made up of records each comprising a code field 506 (which 26 stores the advertisement code for the associated advertisement) and a contact field 508 27 (which stores one or more respective contact telephone numbers for the associated 28 advertisement). A contact telephone number appearing in the contact field 508 of a 29 record associated with a given advertisement can contain the telephone number(s) at which a source entity for the given advertisement can be reached.

32 At the STB 112, the specific television content stream 634 (which contains the 33 substream 136) is processed as follows. Quite simply, and similarly to what has 34 already been described, the processing unit 128 converts the substream 136 of the 1 specific television content stream 634 carrying the television show into the 2 aforementioned audio-visual signal 132, which is supplied to the audio-visual output 3 device 116 for conveyance to the subscriber 102.

Meanwhile, and according to a non-limiting example embodiment of the present 6 invention, the processing unit 128 runs an interactive application, which can be an 7 iTV application. The interactive application may have been previously downloaded 8 over a data channel and installed by the STB 112. Alternatively, the interactive 9 application may be pre-programmed in the STB 112.
11 The interactive application is operable to perform a first stage of processing, in which 12 it waits for the subscriber 102 to provide a selection of an advertisement currently 13 appearing on the audio-visual output device 116. For example, the subscriber's 14 pressing a particular button or sequence of buttons on the selection device 118 can be interpreted by the interactive application to be a "selection". Alternatively, a special-16 purpose button on the selection device 118 may be provided for this purpose.

18 Once a selection is deemed to have been made, the processing unit 128 records the 19 identity of the specific television content stream 634 as well as the time (and optionally the date) at which the subscriber is deemed to have made a selection of an 21 advertisement, hereinafter occasionally referred to as a "time stamp".
If the 22 substream 136 is being played through to the subscriber 102 upon receipt from the 23 content provider 104, then the time stamp may include the current time (and optinally 24 the date) as obtained from an internal clock (not shown) at the STB 112.
If the substream 136 is being played back using a personal video recorder (PVR) 26 functionality of the STB 112, then the time stamp may include the time (and 27 optionally the date) as obtained from a time code (not shown) in the substream 136.

29 The identity of the specific television content stream (hereinafter occasionally referred to as a "channel identifier"), as well as the time stamp, are stored in a subscriber 31 selection packet 612 for eventual transmission to the content provider 104. Those 32 skilled in the art will appreciate that in an IPTV system, the channels that subscribers 33 are watching can be tracked. In such a case, it is redundant for the STB
112 to supply 1 the channel identifier. Rather, the subscriber selection packet 612 sent to the content 2 provider 104 need only contain the time stamp.

4 Optionally, once the subscriber 102 is deemed to have made a selection of an advertisement, the interactive application may prompt the subscriber 102 to enter a 6 telephone number where the subscriber 102 wishes to be reached. The subscriber 102 7 may respond by keying in the desired telephone number using the selection device 8 118. Alternatively, the desired telephone number may be stored in a memory 9 accessed by the processing unit 128. This feature, which is occasionally referred to herein below as an "override" feature, would allow the subscriber 102 to override the 11 subscriber telephone number contained in the field 230 of the record 200 stored in the 12 database 108 at the content provider 104. In fact, this feature could permit the 13 database 108 to be done away with entirely.

The interactive application now enters a second stage of processing during which a 16 return message 610A or 610B is sent to the return path module 146 over the return 17 path. Specifically, and with continued reference to Fig. 6A, the return message 610A
18 or 610B comprises the subscriber selection packet 612 and the aforementioned data 19 element 342 containing the STB identifier. In addition, if the override feature described previously is in effect , then the return message 610A or 610B may also 21 comprise the aforementioned data element 344 containing a dynamically selected 22 subscriber telephone number.

24 It should be appreciated that the processing unit 128 may be adapted to send the return message 610A or 610B immediately upon completion of the first processing stage, or 26 only after a delay. The application of a delay may be useful in order to not interrupt 27 the subscriber's viewing of the television show. If used, the delay may be fixed or 28 pre-configurable by the subscriber 102. Alternatively, the subscriber 102 may enter a 29 preferred time at which he or she wishes to have the return message 610A
or 610B
sent to the content provider 104. Still alternatively, the subscriber 102 may enter a 31 preferred time at which he or she wishes to enter into contact with the source entity 32 138, and this preferred time will be contained in the aforementioned data element 346 33 that is part of the return message 610A or 610B, along with the subscriber selection 34 packet 612 and the data elements 342 and 344 containing, respectively, the STB

1 identifier and, if applicable, the dynamically selected subscriber telephone number. It 2 should be appreciated that the preferred time may also represent a time, not before 3 which or not after which the subscriber 102 wishes to enter into contact with the 4 source entity 138.
6 Upon receipt of the return message 610A or 610B from the STB 112, the return path 7 module 146 extracts the subscriber selection packet 612 and the STB
identifier, and 8 performs the following process. Firstly, assuming that the return message 610A or 9 610B does not comprise a subscriber telephone number, the return path module 146 consults the database 108 based on the STB identifier and accesses the record 200 for 11 the subscriber 102. In particular, the return path module 146 extracts the contents of 12 field 230, thereby obtaining the subscriber telephone number for the subscriber 102.
13 Of course, the previous step may be omitted if the return message 610A
or 610B
14 received from the STB 112 contains a dynamically selected subscriber telephone number, since the latter will obviate the need for field 230.

17 In addition, the return path module 146 consults the advertisement schedule 618.
18 Specifically, the return path module 146 finds a time slot 602 in the advertisement 19 schedule 618 which (i) is associated with the channel identifier (if such is contained in the subscriber selection packet 612), and (ii) covers the time period surrounding the 21 time stamp contained in the subscriber selection packet 612. The return path module 22 146 then extracts the advertisement code 604 (if any) present in the appropriate time 23 slot 602. The extracted advertisement code, should one exist, is hereinafter referred to 24 as the "target advertisement code".
26 If there are multiple advertisement codes 604 in the same time slot which are 27 associated with different lists of subscribers, then the STB identifier may be used to 28 further isolate the target advertisement code, if applicable.

In addition, the return path module 146 consults the advertisement index 518 based on 31 the target advertisement code. Assume that the return path module accesses the 32 record 504A, based on a match between the contents of the code field 506 of the 33 record 504A and the target advertisement code. Thus, the return path module 146 34 extracts the contents of associated contact field 508, which comprises the contact 1 telephone number of the source entity 138, namely, "555-1212". This is hereinafter 2 referred to as the "target telephone number".

4 Where the contents of the associated contact field 508 comprises a plurality of contact telephone numbers, the solution described above with reference to Figs. 5A and 6 could be adopted. Specifically, the return path module 146 may perform additional 7 processing to determine which of these contact telephone numbers should be selected 8 as the target telephone number. Selection of the target telephone number from the 9 plurality of contact telephone numbers can be performed in a variety of ways.
11 In one specific non-limiting embodiment, selection of the target telephone number 12 from the plurality of contact numbers may be made on the basis of attempting to 13 identify which of the plurality of contact telephone numbers is geographically closest 14 to the customer premises 114. The "location" of a given contact telephone number may be implicit in its area code, or it may be specified by an accompanying attribute 16 value (which may include GPS coordinates). For its part, the "location"
of the 17 customer premises 114 may be derived by the return path module 146 on the basis of 18 a postal code, area code, etc., which may be obtained from subscriber billing 19 information.
21 In another specific non-limiting embodiment, selection of the target telephone number 22 from the plurality of contact numbers may be made on the basis of attempting to 23 identify which of the plurality of contact telephone numbers provides the best service 24 to the subscriber 102, in accordance with subscriber parameters (e.g., language preference) that may be conveyed by the subscriber during a registration phase or 26 during viewing.

28 In yet another specific non-limiting embodiment, selection of the target telephone 29 number from the plurality of contact numbers may be made on the basis of attempting to identify which of the plurality of contact telephone numbers is most suitable for the 31 current content of the television show carried by substream 136. For example, when 32 the television show is in Spanish, then it may be desirable to select the contact 33 telephone number that provides service to the subscriber 102 in Spanish.
Similarly, 1 when the television show is a children's program, then it may be desirable to select 2 the contact telephone number that provides specialized service to children.

4 It should also be appreciated that instead of containing advertisement codes 604, the time slots 602 may themselves contain the contact telephone numbers, thus obviating 6 the need for an additional indirection step provided by the advertisement index 518.

8 At this stage, the return path module 146 will have knowledge of the subscriber 9 telephone number (either extracted from the database 108 or comprised in the return message 610A or 610B) as well as the target telephone number. Accordingly, as 11 described previously, the return path module 146 sends the call initiation message 306 12 to the call control module 144, which causes the establishment of two telephony legs, 13 one between the call control module 144 and the communication device 140, the other 14 between the call control module 144 and the telephony device 120. Once both telephony legs have been established, the call control module 144 may connect the 16 two legs in a back-to-back fashion as described above.

18 In accordance with a further variant of the present invention, it is assumed that the 19 specific content stream is a specific television content stream that includes the aforementioned substream 136 carrying a television show. It continues to be the case 21 that the television show includes advertisements associated with so-called "data 22 elements" inserted into the specific television content stream. In the present variant, 23 each of the advertisements is synchronized with a respective data elements, regardless 24 of whether to not it is possible to reach a source entity for a particular advertised product or service.

27 Specifically, certain advertisements are associated with a participating source entity 28 that can be reached by dialing a telephone number. For such advertisements, the 29 corresponding data element can be a flag having a first value. Other advertisements are not associated with a participating source entity, and for those advertisements, the 31 corresponding data element can be a flag having a second value.

33 At the STB 112, the specific television content stream (which contains the substream 34 136 and the data elements) is processed as follows. Firstly, in similar fashion to what 1 has already been described, the processing unit 128 converts the substream 136 of the 2 specific television content stream carrying the television show into the 3 aforementioned audio-visual signal 132, which is supplied to the audio-visual output 4 device 116 for conveyance to the subscriber 102. In addition, and according to a non-limiting example embodiment of the present invention, the data elements are also 6 processed by the processing unit 128. Specifically, the processing unit 128 runs an 7 interactive application, which can be an iTV application. The interactive application 8 may have been previously downloaded over a data channel and installed by the STB
9 112. Alternatively, the interactive application may be pre-programmed in the STB
112.

12 The interactive application is operable to perform a first stage of processing, in which 13 the interactive application is on standby for data elements appearing in the specific 14 television content stream. Upon detection of the appearance of a data element in the specific television content stream, the interactive application enters a second stage of 16 processing.

18 In a first non-limiting variant of the second stage of processing, the second stage of 19 processing may simply consist of waiting for the subscriber 102 to respond to the advertisement currently appearing on the audio-visual output device 116, and 21 interpreting certain responses as a "selection" of the advertisement.
For example, the 22 subscriber's response can be interpreted to be a "selection" when a particular button 23 or sequence of buttons has been pressed on the selection device 118.
Alternatively, a 24 special-purpose button on the selection device 118 may be provided for this purpose.
26 If a selection is deemed to have been made during a specific advertisement, but the 27 data element that is synchronized with that specific advertisement is a flag having the 28 second value, then the second stage of processing triggers the appearance of a denial-29 type window on the audio-visual output device 116. The denial-type window, which in a non-limiting embodiment may be a pop-up window, can alert the subscriber 31 to the fact that the advertisement currently appearing on the audio-visual output 32 device 116 is not associated with a contact telephone number, i.e., conveying the fact 33 that the subscriber's selection is in vain.

1 If, however, the selection is deemed to have been made during a specific 2 advertisement synchronized with a data element that is a flag having the first value, 3 then the second stage of processing triggers the appearance of an acceptance-type 4 window on the audio-visual output device 116. The acceptance-type window, which in a non-limiting embodiment may be a pop-up window, can alert the subscriber 6 to the fact that the advertisement currently appearing on the audio-visual output 7 device 116 is associated with a contact telephone number. The processing unit 128 8 records the identity of the specific television content stream as well as the time (and 9 optionally the date) at which the subscriber is deemed to have made the advertisement, hereinafter occasionally referred to as a "time stamp". The remainder 11 of the process is as described above.

13 In a second non-limiting variant of the second stage of processing, the second stage of 14 processing may consist of causing the appearance of the appropriate message (e.g., denial-type or acceptance-type pop-up window) each time that an advertisement 16 appears in the specific television content stream. When the message takes the form of 17 an acceptance-type pop-up window, the subscriber 102 is alerted to the fact that the 18 advertisement currently appearing on the audio-visual output device 116 is associated 19 with a contact telephone number. The second stage of processing then continues by waiting for the subscriber 102 to respond to the advertisement, and interpreting certain 21 responses as a "selection" of the advertisement. If a selection is deemed to be made, 22 the processing unit 128 records the identity of the specific television content stream as 23 well as the time (and optionally the date) at which the subscriber is deemed to have 24 made the selection, hereinafter occasionally referred to as a "time stamp". The remainder of the process is as described above.

27 Those skilled in the art will appreciate, in particular, that the present invention is not 28 limited to eliciting and conveying from a subscriber an indication of a selection of a 29 particular advertisement for a product or service. Rather, the present invention is also applicable to eliciting and conveying from a subscriber an indication of a selection of 31 an information element that is deemed to be of potential interest to a multi-subscriber 32 audience that includes the subscriber, non-limiting examples of which include:
33 - a television show / movie, containing embedded product or service 34 placements ("plugs") at strategic moments;

1 - a television show, when aimed specifically at shoppers (e.g., a home 2 shopping channel, whose raison d'être is to provide viewers with 3 continuous opportunities to purchase a product or service);
4 - a solicitation for a charitable contribution;
- a public service announcement, inviting viewers to speak to someone at 6 the other end of a kids help line, suicide prevention hotline, domestic 7 violence sanctuary hotline, crime stoppers hotline, etc.;
8 - an announcement made by a fan club, inviting viewers to speak to a 9 representative of the fan club;
- a survey, poll or vote, where a viewer is asked to indicate a preference 11 (such as a singer, musician, etc.) by dialing a specific telephone associated 12 with his or her preference;
13 - a survey, poll or vote, requiring confirmation of viewer input via a 14 telephone;
- an announcement for a call-in talk show or debate, inviting viewers to 16 speak to the show's host or participate in the debate;
17 - etc.

19 While specific embodiments of the present invention have been described and illustrated, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that numerous modifications 21 and variations can be made without departing from the scope of the invention as 22 defined in the appended claims.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A method performed by a content provider for enabling a television service subscriber to enter into contact with an information source, the method comprising:
- releasing to at least one television service subscriber a content stream conveying at least one information element deemed to be of potential interest to a multi-subscriber audience that includes the at least one television service subscriber;
- receiving from a particular one of the at least one television service subscriber an indication of a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with a particular one of the at least one information element, said indication of a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with a particular one of the at least one information element resulting from the particular television service subscriber having provided (i) a response indicative of a selection of the particular information element and (ii) an entry indicative of a time at which the particular television service subscriber desires to enter into contact with the information source associated with the particular information element, the entry having been provided after the response;
- determining a telephone number associated with the particular television service subscriber;
- determining a telephone number associated with the particular information element;
- establishing a first telephony leg on a basis of the telephone number associated with the particular information element;
- establishing a second telephony leg on a basis of the telephone number associated with the particular television service subscriber;
- joining the first and second telephony legs to form an end-to-end telephony link for the particular television service subscriber.

2. The method defined in claim 1, wherein the content stream further conveys an identifier associated with the particular information element.

3. The method defined in claim 2, wherein appearance of the identifier associated with the particular information element within the content stream is synchronized with appearance of the particular information element within the content stream.

4. The method defined in claim 2, wherein said receiving an indication of a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with a particular one of the at least one information element comprises receiving the identifier associated with the particular information element.

5. The method defined in claim 4, wherein the identifier associated with the particular information element comprises the telephone number associated with the particular information element.

6. The method defined in claim 5, wherein said determining a telephone number associated with the particular information element comprises extracting the telephone number associated with the particular information element from the identifier associated with the particular information element.

7. The method defined in claim 4, wherein said determining a telephone number associated with the particular information element comprises querying a database with the identifier associated with the particular information element to obtain a telephone number therefrom, the database storing a plurality of records, each record maintaining an association between (i) a respective identifier associated with a respective information element and (ii) a respective telephone number.

8. The method defined in claim 4, wherein said determining a telephone number associated with the particular information element comprises querying a database with - the identifier associated with the particular information element; and - an attribute value associated with the particular television subscriber;
to obtain a telephone number therefrom, the database storing a plurality of records, each record maintaining an association between (i) a respective identifier associated with a respective information element and (ii) at least one respective telephone number corresponding to a respective attribute value.

9. The method defined in claim 8, wherein said determining a telephone number associated with the particular information element further comprises determining the attribute value associated with the particular television subscriber.

10. The method defined in claim 9, wherein determining the attribute value associated with the particular television subscriber comprises querying a second database with an identity of the particular television service subscriber to obtain an attribute value therefrom, the second database storing a plurality of records, each record maintaining an association between (i) a respective identity of a television service subscriber and (ii) a respective attribute value.

11. The method defined in claim 10, wherein the attribute is a language preference.

12. The method defined in claim 10, wherein the attribute is a geographic location.

13. The method defined in claim 10, further comprising determining the identity of the particular television subscriber.

14. The method defined in claim 13, wherein determining the identity of the particular television subscriber comprises receiving from the particular television service subscriber an identifier of a set-top box being used by the particular television service subscriber.

15. The method defined in claim 9, further comprising receiving from the particular television service subscriber a data element containing the attribute value associated with the particular television subscriber.

16. The method defined in claim 15, wherein determining the attribute value associated with the particular television subscriber comprises extracting the attribute value associated with the particular television subscriber from the data element.

17. The method defined in claim 16, wherein the attribute is a language preference.

18. The method defined in claim 16, wherein the attribute is a geographic location.

19. The method defined in claim 1, wherein the content stream further conveys a plurality of identifiers associated with the particular information element.

20. The method defined in claim 19, wherein appearance of the identifiers associated with the particular information element within the content stream is synchronized with appearance of the particular information element within the content stream.

21. The method defined in claim 19, wherein said receiving an indication of a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with a particular one of the at least one information element comprises receiving a selected one of the identifiers associated with the particular information element.

22. The method defined in claim 21, wherein the selected one of the identifiers associated with the particular information element comprises the telephone number associated with the particular information element.

23. The method defined in claim 22, wherein said determining a telephone number associated with the particular information element comprises extracting the telephone number associated with the particular information element from the selected one of the identifiers associated with the particular information element.

24. The method defined in claim 21, wherein said determining a telephone number associated with the particular information element comprises querying a database with the selected one of the identifiers associated with the particular information element to obtain a telephone number therefrom, the database storing a plurality of records, each record maintaining an association between (i) a respective identifier associated with a respective information element and (ii) a respective telephone number.

25. The method defined in claim 21, wherein said determining a telephone number associated with the particular information element comprises querying a database with - the selected one of the identifiers associated with the particular information element; and - an attribute value associated with the particular television subscriber;
to obtain a telephone number therefrom, the database storing a plurality of records, each record maintaining an association between (i) a respective identifier associated with a respective information element and (ii) at least one respective telephone number corresponding to a respective attribute value.

26. The method defined in claim 25, wherein said determining a telephone number associated with the particular information element further comprises determining the attribute value associated with the particular television subscriber.

27. The method defined in claim 26, wherein determining the attribute value associated with the particular television subscriber comprises querying a second database with an identity of the particular television service subscriber to obtain an attribute value therefrom, the second database storing a plurality of records, each record maintaining an association between (i) a respective identity of a television service subscriber and (ii) a respective attribute value.

28. The method defined in claim 27, wherein the attribute is a language preference.

29. The method defined in claim 27, wherein the attribute is a geographic location.

30. The method defined in claim 27, further comprising determining the identity of the particular television subscriber.

31. The method defined in claim 30, wherein determining the identity of the particular television subscriber comprises receiving from the particular television service subscriber an identifier of a set-top box being used by the particular television service subscriber.

32. The method defined in claim 25, further comprising receiving from the particular television service subscriber a data element containing the attribute value associated with the particular television subscriber.

33. The method defined in claim 32, wherein determining the attribute value associated with the particular television subscriber comprises extracting the attribute value associated with the particular television subscriber from the data element.

34. The method defined in claim 33, wherein the attribute is a language preference.

35. The method defined in claim 33, wherein the attribute is a geographic location.

36. The method defined in claim 1, wherein said receiving an indication of a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with a particular one of the at least one information element comprises receiving a time stamp indicative of at least a time at which the selection of the particular information element was made by the particular television service subscriber.

37. The method defined in claim 36, further comprising querying a database with:
- the time stamp; and - an identifier of a channel;
to obtain an identifier therefrom, the database storing a plurality of time slots for respective ones of a plurality of channels, each time slot for a given one of the channels covering a respective time interval and corresponding to a respective identifier for that time interval and the given one of the channels.

38. The method defined in claim 37, wherein the identifier obtained from the database comprises the telephone number associated with the particular information element.

39. The method defined in claim 38, wherein said determining a telephone number associated with the particular information element comprises extracting the telephone number associated with the particular information element from the identifier obtained from the database.

40. The method defined in claim 39, wherein said receiving an indication of a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with a particular one of the at least one information element further comprises receiving the identifier of a channel, the identifier of a channel being indicative of the content stream conveying the particular information element.

41. The method defined in claim 39, further comprising tracking the delivery of content streams to the particular television service subscriber and determining from the time stamp the identity of the content stream conveying the particular information element.

42. The method defined in claim 37, wherein said database is a first database, wherein said determining a telephone number associated with the particular information element comprises querying a second database with the identifier obtained from the first database to obtain a telephone number therefrom, the database storing a plurality of records, each record maintaining an association between (i) a respective identifier and (ii) a respective telephone number.

43. The method defined in claim 37, wherein said database is a first database, wherein said determining a telephone number associated with the particular information element comprises querying a second database with:
- the identifier obtained from the first database; and - an attribute value associated with the particular television subscriber;
to obtain a telephone number therefrom, the database storing a plurality of records, each record maintaining an association between (i) a respective identifier and (ii) at least one respective telephone number corresponding to a respective attribute value.

44. The method defined in claim 43, wherein said determining a telephone number associated with the particular information element further comprises determining the attribute value associated with the particular television subscriber.

45. The method defined in claim 44, wherein determining the attribute value associated with the particular television subscriber comprises querying a third database with an identity of the particular television service subscriber to obtain an attribute value therefrom, the third database storing a plurality of records, each record maintaining an association between (i) a respective identity of a television service subscriber and (ii) a respective attribute value.

46. The method defined in claim 45, wherein the attribute is a language preference.

47. The method defined in claim 45, wherein the attribute is a geographic location.

48. The method defined in claim 45, further comprising determining the identity of the particular television subscriber.

49. The method defined in claim 48, wherein determining the identity of the particular television subscriber comprises receiving from the particular television service subscriber an identifier of a set-top box being used by the particular television service subscriber.

50. The method defined in claim 44, further comprising receiving from the particular television service subscriber a data element containing the attribute value associated with the particular television subscriber.

51. The method defined in claim 50, wherein determining the attribute value associated with the particular television subscriber comprises extracting the attribute value associated with the particular television subscriber from the data element.

52. The method defined in claim 51, wherein the attribute is a language preference.

53. The method defined in claim 51, wherein the attribute is a geographic location.

54. The method defined in claim 1, further comprising:
- receiving from the particular television service subscriber an identifier of a set-top box being used by the particular television service subscriber.

55. The method defined in claim 54, wherein said determining a telephone number associated with the particular television service subscriber comprises querying a database with the identifier of the set-top box to obtain a telephone number therefrom, the database storing a plurality of records, each record maintaining an association between (i) a respective identifier of a set-top box and (ii) a respective telephone number.

56. The method defined in claim 1, further comprising:
- receiving from the particular television service subscriber a data element containing the telephone number associated with the particular television service subscriber.

57. The method defined in claim 56, wherein said determining a telephone number associated with the particular television service subscriber comprises extracting the telephone number associated with the particular television service subscriber from the data element.

58. The method defined in claim 4, further comprising:
- receiving from the particular television service subscriber an identifier of a set-top box being used by the particular television service subscriber.

59. The method defined in claim 58, wherein said determining a telephone number associated with the particular television service subscriber comprises querying a database with the identifier of the set-top box to obtain a telephone number therefrom, the database storing a plurality of records, each record maintaining an association between (i) a respective identifier of a set-top box and (ii) a respective telephone number.

60. The method defined in claim 4, further comprising:
- receiving from the particular television service subscriber a data element containing the telephone number associated with the particular television service subscriber.

61. The method defined in claim 60, wherein said determining a telephone number associated with the particular television service subscriber comprises extracting the telephone number associated with the particular television service subscriber from the data element.

62. The method defined in claim 21, further comprising:
- receiving from the particular television service subscriber an identifier of a set-top box being used by the particular television service subscriber.

63. The method defined in claim 62, wherein said determining a telephone number associated with the particular television service subscriber comprises querying a database with the identifier of the set-top box to obtain a telephone number therefrom, the database storing a plurality of records, each record maintaining an association between (i) a respective identifier of a set-top box and (ii) a respective telephone number.

64. The method defined in claim 21, further comprising:
- receiving from the particular television service subscriber a data element containing the telephone number associated with the particular television service subscriber.

65. The method defined in claim 64, wherein said determining a telephone number associated with the particular television service subscriber comprises extracting the telephone number associated with the particular television service subscriber from the data element.

66. The method defined in claim 37, further comprising:
- receiving from the particular television service subscriber an identifier of a set-top box being used by the particular television service subscriber.

67. The method defined in claim 66, wherein said determining a telephone number associated with the particular television service subscriber comprises querying a database with the identifier of the set-top box to obtain a telephone number therefrom, the database storing a plurality of records, each record maintaining an association between (i) a respective identifier of a set-top box and (ii) a respective telephone number.

68. The method defined in claim 37, further comprising:
- receiving from the particular television service subscriber a data element containing the telephone number associated with the particular television service subscriber.

69. The method defined in claim 68, wherein said determining a telephone number associated with the particular television service subscriber comprises extracting the telephone number associated with the particular television service subscriber from the data element.

70. The method defined in claim 1, wherein said establishing a second telephony leg occurs after said first telephony leg has been established.

71. The method defined in claim 1, wherein said establishing a first telephony leg occurs after said second telephony leg has been established.

72. The method defined in claim 1, wherein said establishing a first telephony leg and said establishing a second telephony leg occurs contemporaneously.

73. The method defined in claim 1, wherein said establishing a first telephony leg comprises dialing the telephone number associated with the particular information element over the PSTN.

74. The method defined in claim 1, wherein said establishing a first telephony leg comprises sending a SIP invite to the telephone number associated with the particular information element over a data network.

75. The method defined in claim 1, wherein said establishing a second telephony leg comprises dialing the telephone number associated with the particular television service subscriber over the PSTN.

76. The method defined in claim 1, wherein said establishing a second telephony leg comprises sending a SIP invite to the telephone number associated with the particular television service subscriber over a data network.

77. The method defined in claim 1, wherein said joining the first and second telephony legs comprises establishing a bridge between the first and second telephony legs.

78. The method defined in claim 1, wherein the time at which the particular television service subscriber desires to enter into contact with the information source associated with the particular information element is a preferred time later than when the particular television service subscriber provided the entry, and wherein said receiving a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with a particular one of the at least one information element comprises receiving an indication of the preferred time.

79. The method defined in claim 78, further comprising triggering at least one of said establishing a first telephony leg and said establishing a second telephony leg at said preferred time.

80. The method defined in claim 78, further comprising triggering at least one of said establishing a first telephony leg and said establishing a second telephony leg no earlier than said preferred time.

81. The method defined in claim 78, further comprising triggering at least one of said establishing a first telephony leg and said establishing a second telephony leg no later than said preferred time.

82. The method defined in claim 1, wherein said releasing is effected over a satellite TV
distribution system.

83. The method defined in claim 1, wherein said releasing is effected over a cable TV
distribution system.

84. The method defined in claim 1, wherein said releasing is effected over an xDSL TV
distribution system.

85. The method defined in claim 1, wherein said releasing is effected over an IPTV
distribution system.

86. The method defined in claim 1, wherein the information element comprises at least one of a commercial advertisement for a product or service; a product or service placement embedded in one of a television show and a motion picture; a solicitation for a charitable contribution; a public service announcement; an announcement made by a fan club; a survey; a poll; a vote; and an announcement for one of a call-in talk show and a debate.

87. The method defined in claim 1, further comprising releasing to the particular television service subscriber a data stream comprising an interactive TV application for installation on a set-top box being used by the particular television service subscriber;
when installed, the interactive TV application enabling the set-top box to cause transmission of said indication of a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with a particular one of the at least one information element.

88. The method defined in claim 87, the interactive TV application further enabling the set-top box to capture the response and the entry.

89. The method defined in claim 1, wherein the response causes storage in a memory of an indication of the selection of the particular information element and the entry has been provided by the particular television service subscriber at a moment chosen by the particular television service subscriber after the storage in a memory of an indication of the selection of the particular information element.

90. The method defined in claim 1, wherein the response has been provided by the particular television service subscriber during presentation of the particular information element to the particular television service subscriber on an audio-visual output device and the entry has been provided by the particular television service subscriber at a moment chosen by the particular television service subscriber after the presentation of the particular information element to the particular television service subscriber on an audio-visual output device.

91. The method defined in claim 1, wherein the time at which the particular television service subscriber desires to enter into contact with the information source associated with the particular information element is when the particular television service subscriber provided said entry.

92. A system implemented by a content provider for enabling a television service subscriber to enter into contact with an information source, the system comprising:
a processing device implementing:
- a transmission apparatus operable for releasing to at least one television service subscriber a content stream conveying at least one information element deemed to be of potential interest to a multi-subscriber audience that includes the at least one television service subscriber;
- a return path apparatus operable for:
- receiving from a particular one of the at least one television service subscriber an indication of a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with a particular one of the at least one information element, said indication of a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with a particular one of the at least one information element resulting from the particular television service subscriber having provided (i) a response indicative of a selection of the particular information element and (ii) an entry indicative of a time at which the particular television service subscriber desires to enter into contact with the information source associated with the particular information element, the entry having been provided after the response;
- determining a telephone number associated with the particular television service subscriber; and - determining a telephone number associated with the particular information element;
- a call control apparatus operable for:
- establishing a first telephony leg on a basis of the telephone number associated with the particular information element;
- establishing a second telephony leg on a basis of the telephone number associated with the particular television service subscriber; and - joining the first and second telephony legs to form an end-to-end telephony link for the particular television service subscriber.

93. A computer program product tangibly embodied in a computer-readable storage medium and comprising computer readable code which when executed by a processor of a content provider performs a method for enabling a television service subscriber to enter into contact with an information, the computer readable code comprising:
- first machine executable code for causing the computing apparatus to release to at least one television service subscriber a content stream conveying at least one information element deemed to be of potential interest to a multi-subscriber audience that includes the at least one television service subscriber;
- second machine executable code for causing the computing apparatus to await receipt from a particular one of the at least one television service subscriber of an indication of a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with a particular one of the at least one information element, said indication of a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with a particular one of the at least one information element resulting from the particular television service subscriber having provided (i) a response indicative of a selection of the particular information element and (ii) an entry indicative of a time at which the particular television service subscriber desires to enter into contact with the information source associated with the particular information element, the entry having been provided after the response;
- third machine executable code for causing the computing apparatus to determine a telephone number associated with the particular television service subscriber;
- fourth machine executable code for causing the computing apparatus to determine a telephone number associated with the particular information element;
- fifth machine executable code for causing the computing apparatus to establish a first telephony leg on a basis of the telephone number associated with the particular information element;
- sixth machine executable code for causing the computing apparatus to establish a second telephony leg on a basis of the telephone number associated with the particular television service subscriber;
- seventh machine executable code for causing the computing apparatus to join the first and second telephony legs to form an end-to-end telephony link for the particular television service subscriber.

94. A set-top box registered to a television service subscriber, the set-top box comprising:
a processing device implementing:
- a first interface circuit adapted to receive from a content provider a content stream conveying at least one information element deemed to be of potential interest to a multi-subscriber audience that includes the television service subscriber;
- a second interface circuit adapted to receive from the television service subscriber a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with a particular one of the at least one information element, said request to enter into contact with an information source associated with a particular one of the at least one information element resulting from the television service subscriber having provided (i) a response indicative of a selection of the at least one information element and (ii) an entry indicative of a time at which the television service subscriber desires to enter into contact with the information source associated with the particular information element, the entry having been provided after the response;
- a processing unit operable for effecting a transmission to the content provider of an indication of said request, said transmission being instrumental in causing a telephone call to be placed to a telephony device;
- wherein when the telephone call is answered by a user of the telephony device, the user is placed in communication with an information source associated with the particular information element.

95. The set-top box defined in claim 94, the content stream comprising an audio-visual substream, the processing unit being further operable for extracting the audio-visual substream from the content stream and providing the audio-visual substream to a display device for display to the television service subscriber.

96. The set-top box defined in claim 95, the at least one information element being part of the audio-visual substream.

97. The set-top box defined in claim 96, the content stream further conveying an identifier associated with the particular information element.

98. The set-top box defined in claim 97, wherein said indication of said request comprises the identifier associated with the particular information element.

99. The set-top box defined in claim 98, wherein the identifier associated with the particular information element is a telephone number of the information source associated with the particular information element.

100. The set-top box defined in claim 98, wherein the identifier associated with the particular information element is other than a telephone number of the information source associated with the particular information element.

101. The set-top box defined in claim 98, the processing unit being further operable for detecting the identifier associated with the particular information element and maintaining the identifier in a memory location during display of the particular information element by the display device.

102. The set-top box defined in claim 101, the processing unit being further operable for being attentive to receipt of subscriber input via the second interface circuit.

103. The set-top box defined in claim 102, the processing unit being further operable to deem receipt of certain subscriber input during display of the particular information element by the display device as constituting said request to enter into contact with an information source associated with the particular information element.

104. The set-top box defined in claim 98, the processing unit being further operable for detecting the identifier associated with the particular information element and causing the display device to display a request for feedback from the television service subscriber regarding the particular information element.

105. The set-top box defined in claim 104, the processing unit being further operable for being attentive to receipt of subscriber input via the second interface circuit.

106. The set-top box defined in claim 105, the processing unit being further operable to deem receipt of certain subscriber input during display of the request for feedback as constituting said request to enter into contact with an information source associated with the particular information element.

107. The set-top box defined in claim 106, the processing unit being further operable to deem receipt of certain other subscriber input during display of the request for feedback as not constituting said request to enter into contact with an information source associated with the particular information element.

108. The set-top box defined in claim 104, wherein the request for feedback is implemented as a pop-up window.

109. The set-top box defined in claim 98, the processing unit being further operable for causing the display device to display a request for a telephone number at which the telephony device can be reached.

110. The set-top box defined in claim 109, the processing unit being further operable for effecting a transmission to the content provider of the telephone number, the telephone number being subsequently used to place said telephone call to the telephony device.

111. The set-top box defined in claim 98, further comprising a memory that stores a telephone number at which the telephony device can be reached, the processing unit being further operable to obtain from said memory the telephone number at which the telephony device can be reached.

112. The set-top box defined in claim 111, the processing unit being further operable for effecting a transmission to the content provider of the telephone number, the telephone number being subsequently used to place said telephone call to the telephony device.

113. The set-top box defined in claim 96, the content stream further conveying a plurality of identifiers associated with the particular information element.

114. The set-top box defined in claim 113, wherein said indication of said request comprises a selected one of the plurality of identifiers associated with the particular information element.

115. The set-top box defined in claim 114, wherein said selected one of the plurality of identifiers associated with the particular information element is a telephone number of the information source associated with the particular information element.

116. The set-top box defined in claim 114, further comprising a memory, the processing unit being further operable for detecting the plurality of identifiers associated with the particular information element and maintaining the plurality of identifiers in a location in said memory during display of the particular information element by the display device.

117. The set-top box defined in claim 116, the processing unit being further operable for being attentive to receipt of subscriber input via the second interface circuit.

118. The set-top box defined in claim 117, the processing unit being further operable to deem receipt of certain subscriber input during display of the particular information element by the display device as constituting said request to enter into contact with an information source associated with the particular information element.

119. The set-top box defined in claim 118, the processing unit being further operable for effecting a selection of said selected one of the plurality of identifiers associated with the particular information element in response to said request to enter into contact with an information source associated with the particular information element.

120. The set-top box defined in claim 119, wherein each of the plurality of identifiers associated with the particular information element is associated with a respective attribute value, wherein said memory stores a value of an attribute for said television service subscriber, wherein said selection of said selected one of the plurality of identifiers associated with the particular information element is effected on a basis of the value of the attribute for said television service subscriber.

121. The set-top box defined in claim 120, wherein the attribute is a language preference.

122. The set-top box defined in claim 120, wherein the attribute is a geographic location.

123. The set-top box defined in claim 114, the processing unit being further operable for detecting the plurality of identifiers associated with the particular information element and causing the display device to display a request for feedback from the television service subscriber regarding the particular information element.

124. The set-top box defined in claim 123, the processing unit being further operable for being attentive to receipt of subscriber input via the second interface circuit.

125. The set-top box defined in claim 124, the processing unit being further operable to deem receipt of certain subscriber input during display of the request for feedback as constituting said request to enter into contact with an information source associated with the particular information element.

126. The set-top box defined in claim 125, wherein said request for feedback comprises a request for a selection of said selected one of the plurality of identifiers associated with the particular information element.

127. The set-top box defined in claim 125, wherein each of the plurality of identifiers associated with the particular information element is associated with a respective attribute value, wherein said request for feedback comprises a request for a selection of an attribute value for said television service subscriber.

128. The set-top box defined in claim 127, the processing unit being further operable for effecting a selection of said selected one of the plurality of identifiers associated with the particular information element in response to said selection of an attribute value for said television service subscriber.

129. The set-top box defined in claim 114, the processing unit being further operable for causing the display device to display a request for a telephone number at which the telephony device can be reached.

130. The set-top box defined in claim 129, the processing unit being further operable for effecting a transmission to the content provider of the telephone number, the telephone number being subsequently used to place said telephone call to the telephony device.

131. The set-top box defined in claim 114, further comprising a memory that stores a telephone number at which the telephony device can be reached, the processing unit being further operable to obtain from said memory the telephone number at which the telephony device can be reached.

132. The set-top box defined in claim 131, the processing unit being further operable for effecting a transmission to the content provider of the telephone number, the telephone number being subsequently used to place said telephone call to the telephony device.

133. The set-top box defined in claim 96, wherein said indication of said request comprises a time stamp indicative of at least time at which said request to enter into contact with an information source associated with the particular information element was made by the television service subscriber.

134. The set-top box defined in claim 133, wherein said time stamp is further indicative of the date on which said request to enter into contact with an information source associated with the particular information element was made by the television service subscriber.

135. The set-top box defined in claim 134, wherein said indication of said request comprises a channel indicator indicative of the content stream.

136. The set-top box defined in claim 94, the set-top box having an identifier, the processing unit being further operable for effecting a transmission to the content provider of the identifier of the set-top box.

137. The set-top box defined in claim 94, the second interface circuit being further operable for receiving from the television service subscriber an indication of a preferred time associated with placement of the telephone call to the telephony device.

138. The set-top box defined in claim 137, the processing unit being further operable for effecting said transmission to the content provider at the preferred time.

139. The set-top box defined in claim 137, the processing unit being further operable for effecting a transmission of the preferred time to the content provider.

140. The set-top box defined in claim 94, further comprising a memory storing said indication of said request, said processing unit being operable for effecting said transmission to the content provider upon receipt of a trigger from the television service subscriber.

141. The set-top box defined in claim 94, the first interface circuit being further adapted to receive from the content provider an interactive TV application for installation on a set-top box being used by the particular television service subscriber; when installed, the interactive TV application enabling the processing unit effect said transmission to the content provider.

142. The set-top box defined in claim 94, wherein said effecting a transmission to the content provider is performed via the first interface circuit.

143. The set-top box defined in claim 142, wherein said first interface circuit comprises an xDSL link.

144. The set-top box defined in claim 143, wherein said first interface circuit comprises a cable link.

145. The set-top box defined in claim 144, wherein said first interface circuit comprises an IPTV link.

146. The set-top box defined in claim 94, wherein the set-top box comprises a third interface circuit to a telephony network, wherein said effecting a transmission to the content provider is performed via the third interface circuit.

147. The set-top box defined in claim 146, wherein said first interface circuit comprises a satellite link.

148. The set-top box defined in claim 146, wherein said first interface circuit comprises a cable link.

149. A system, comprising the set-top box defined in claim 94 and said telephony device.

150. The system defined in claim 149, wherein said telephony device is connected to a telephone line, said telephony device being reachable by dialing a telephone number associated with the telephone line.

151. The system defined in claim 149, wherein said telephony device is connected to a data network and has an address within the data network, said telephony device being reachable by dialing a telephone number associated with said address of said telephony device.

152. The system defined in claim 149, wherein said telephony device has an electronic serial number, said telephony device being reachable by dialing a telephone number associated with the electronic serial number.

153. The set-top box defined in claim 94, wherein the information element comprises at least one of a commercial advertisement for a product or service; a product or service placement embedded in one of a television show and a motion picture; a solicitation for a charitable contribution; a public service announcement; an announcement made by a fan club; a survey; a poll; a vote; and an announcement for one of a call-in talk show and a debate.

154. The set-top box defined in claim 94, wherein said communication with an information source associated with the particular information element is established by virtue of joining the user to another telephone call previously answered by the information source.

155. The set-top box defined in claim 94, wherein said telephone call is a first telephone call, and wherein said communication with an information source associated with the particular information element is established by virtue of the information source answering a second telephone call placed not before placement of the first telephone call.

156. A method for execution at a set-top box registered to a television service subscriber and enabling said television service subscriber to enter into contact with an information source, the method comprising:
- receiving from a content provider a content stream conveying at least one information element deemed to be of potential interest to a multi-subscriber audience that includes the television service subscriber;
- receiving from the television service subscriber a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with a particular one of the at least one information element, said indication of a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with a particular one of the at least one information element resulting from the television service subscriber having provided (i) a response indicative of a selection of the at least one information element and (ii) an entry indicative of a time at which the television service subscriber desires to enter into contact with the information source associated with the particular information element, the entry having been provided after the response;
- effecting a transmission to the content provider of an indication of said request, said transmission being instrumental in causing a telephone call to be placed to a telephony device;

- wherein when the telephone call is answered by a user of the telephony device, the user is placed in communication with an information source associated with the particular information element.

157. A method performed by a content provider for enabling a television service subscriber to enter into contact with an information source, the method comprising:
- releasing to a television service subscriber a content stream conveying an information element deemed to be of potential interest to a multi-subscriber audience that includes the television service subscriber;
- receiving from the television service subscriber an indication of a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with the information element, said indication of a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with the information element resulting from the television service subscriber having provided (i) a response indicative of a selection of the information element and (ii) an entry specifying a telephone number at which the television service subscriber desires to be reached, the entry having been provided after the response;
- determining a telephone number associated with the information element;
- establishing a first telephony leg on a basis of the telephone number associated with the information element;
- establishing a second telephony leg on a basis of the telephone number at which the television service subscriber desires to be reached;
- joining the first telephony leg and the second telephony leg to form an end-to-end telephony link for the television service subscriber.

158. The method defined in claim 157, wherein the content stream further conveys an identifier associated with the information element.

159. The method defined in claim 158, wherein appearance of the identifier associated with the information element within the content stream is synchronized with appearance of the information element within the content stream.

160. The method defined in claim 158, wherein said receiving an indication of a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with the information element comprises receiving the identifier associated with the information element.

161. The method defined in claim 160, wherein the identifier associated with the information element comprises the telephone number associated with the information element.

162. The method defined in claim 161, wherein said determining a telephone number associated with the information element comprises extracting the telephone number associated with the information element from the identifier associated with the information element.

163. The method defined in claim 160, wherein said determining a telephone number associated with the information element comprises querying a database with the identifier associated with the information element to obtain a telephone number therefrom, the database storing a plurality of records, each record maintaining an association between (i) a respective identifier associated with a respective information element and (ii) a respective telephone number.

164. The method defined in claim 160, wherein said determining a telephone number associated with the information element comprises querying a database with - the identifier associated with the information element; and - an attribute value associated with the television service subscriber;
to obtain a telephone number therefrom, the database storing a plurality of records, each record maintaining an association between (i) a respective identifier associated with a respective information element and (ii) at least one respective telephone number corresponding to a respective attribute value.

165. The method defined in claim 164, wherein said determining a telephone number associated with the information element further comprises determining the attribute value associated with the television service subscriber.

166. The method defined in claim 165, wherein determining the attribute value associated with the television service subscriber comprises querying a second database with an identity of the television service subscriber to obtain an attribute value therefrom, the second database storing a plurality of records, each record maintaining an association between (i) a respective identity of a respective television service subscriber and (ii) a respective attribute value.

167. The method defined in claim 166, wherein the attribute is a language preference.

168. The method defined in claim 166, wherein the attribute is a geographic location.

169. The method defined in claim 166, further comprising determining the identity of the television service subscriber.

170. The method defined in claim 169, wherein determining the identity of the television service subscriber comprises receiving from the television service subscriber an identifier of a set-top box being used by the television service subscriber.

171. The method defined in claim 165, further comprising receiving from the television service subscriber a data element containing the attribute value associated with the television service subscriber.

172. The method defined in claim 171, wherein determining the attribute value associated with the television service subscriber comprises extracting the attribute value associated with the television service subscriber from the data element.

173. The method defined in claim 157, wherein the content stream further conveys a plurality of identifiers associated with the information element.

174. The method defined in claim 173, wherein appearance of the identifiers associated with the information element within the content stream is synchronized with appearance of the information element within the content stream.

175. The method defined in claim 173, wherein said receiving an indication of a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with the information element comprises receiving a selected one of the identifiers associated with the information element.

176. The method defined in claim 175, wherein the selected one of the identifiers associated with the information element comprises the telephone number associated with the information element.

177. The method defined in claim 176, wherein said determining a telephone number associated with the information element comprises extracting the telephone number associated with the information element from the selected one of the identifiers associated with the information element.

178. The method defined in claim 175, wherein said determining a telephone number associated with the information element comprises querying a database with the selected one of the identifiers associated with the information element to obtain a telephone number therefrom, the database storing a plurality of records, each record maintaining an association between (i) a respective identifier associated with a respective information element and (ii) a respective telephone number.

179. The method defined in claim 175, wherein said determining a telephone number associated with the information element comprises querying a database with - the selected one of the identifiers associated with the information element; and - an attribute value associated with the television service subscriber;
to obtain a telephone number therefrom, the database storing a plurality of records, each record maintaining an association between (i) a respective identifier associated with a respective information element and (ii) at least one respective telephone number corresponding to a respective attribute value.

180. The method defined in claim 179, wherein said determining a telephone number associated with the information element further comprises determining the attribute value associated with the television service subscriber.

181. The method defined in claim 180, wherein determining the attribute value associated with the television service subscriber comprises querying a second database with an identity of the television service subscriber to obtain an attribute value therefrom, the second database storing a plurality of records, each record maintaining an association between (i) a respective identity of a respective television service subscriber and (ii) a respective attribute value.

182. The method defined in claim 181, wherein the attribute is a language preference.

183. The method defined in claim 181, wherein the attribute is a geographic location.

184. The method defined in claim 181, further comprising determining the identity of the television service subscriber.

185. The method defined in claim 184, wherein determining the identity of the television service subscriber comprises receiving from the television service subscriber an identifier of a set-top box being used by the television service subscriber.

186. The method defined in claim 180, further comprising receiving from the television service subscriber a data element containing the attribute value associated with the television service subscriber.

187. The method defined in claim 186, wherein determining the attribute value associated with the television service subscriber comprises extracting the attribute value associated with the television service subscriber from the data element.

188. The method defined in claim 157, wherein said receiving an indication of a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with the information element comprises receiving a time stamp indicative of at least a time at which the selection of the information element was made by the television service subscriber.

189. The method defined in claim 188, further comprising querying a database with:
- the time stamp; and - an identifier of a channel;
to obtain an identifier therefrom, the database storing a plurality of time slots for respective ones of a plurality of channels, each time slot for a given one of the channels covering a respective time interval and corresponding to a respective identifier for that time interval and the given one of the channels.

190. The method defined in claim 189, wherein the identifier obtained from the database comprises the telephone number associated with the information element.

191. The method defined in claim 189, wherein said determining a telephone number associated with the information element comprises extracting the telephone number associated with the information element from the identifier obtained from the database.

192. The method defined in claim 189, wherein said receiving an indication of a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with the information element further comprises receiving the identifier of a channel, the identifier of a channel being indicative of the content stream conveying the information element.

193. The method defined in claim 188, further comprising tracking the delivery of content streams to the television service subscriber and determining from the time stamp the identity of the content stream conveying the information element.

194. The method defined in claim 157, further comprising receiving from the television service subscriber an identifier of a set-top box being used by the television service subscriber.

195. The method defined in claim 157, wherein said establishing a second telephony leg occurs after said first telephony leg has been established.

196. The method defined in claim 157, wherein said establishing a first telephony leg occurs after said second telephony leg has been established.

197. The method defined in claim 157, wherein said establishing a first telephony leg and said establishing a second telephony leg occurs contemporaneously.

198. The method defined in claim 157, wherein said establishing a first telephony leg comprises dialing the telephone number associated with the information element over the PSTN.

199. The method defined in claim 157, wherein said establishing a first telephony leg comprises sending a SIP invite to the telephone number associated with the information element over a data network.

200. The method defined in claim 157, wherein said establishing a second telephony leg comprises dialing the telephone number at which the television subscriber desires to be reached over the PSTN.

201. The method defined in claim 157, wherein said establishing a second telephony leg comprises sending a SIP invite to the telephone number at which the television service subscriber desires to be reached over a data network.

202. The method defined in claim 157, wherein said joining the first telephony leg and the second telephony leg comprises establishing a bridge between the first telephony leg and the second telephony leg.

203. The method defined in claim 157, wherein said indication of a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with the information element results from the television service subscriber having provided a second entry indicative of a time at which the television service subscriber desires to enter into contact with the information source associated with the information element, the second entry having been provided after the response.

204. The method defined in claim 203, wherein the time at which the television service subscriber desires to enter into contact with the information source associated with the information element is a preferred time later than when the television service subscriber provided the second entry, and wherein said receiving a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with the information element comprises receiving an indication of the preferred time.

205. The method defined in claim 204, further comprising triggering at least one of said establishing a first telephony leg and said establishing a second telephony leg at said preferred time.

206. The method defined in claim 204, further comprising triggering at least one of said establishing a first telephony leg and said establishing a second telephony leg no earlier than said preferred time.

207. The method defined in claim 204, further comprising triggering at least one of said establishing a first telephony leg and said establishing a second telephony leg no later than said preferred time.

208. The method defined in claim 157, wherein said releasing is effected over a satellite TV distribution system.

209. The method defined in claim 157, wherein said releasing is effected over a cable TV
distribution system.

210. The method defined in claim 157, wherein said releasing is effected over an xDSL
TV distribution system.

211. The method defined in claim 157, wherein said releasing is effected over an IPTV
distribution system.

212. The method defined in claim 157, wherein the information element comprises at least one of a commercial advertisement for a product or service; a product or service placement embedded in one of a television show and a motion picture; a solicitation for a charitable contribution; a public service announcement; an announcement made by a fan club; a survey; a poll; a vote; and an announcement for one of a call-in talk show and a debate.

213. The method defined in claim 157, further comprising releasing to the television service subscriber a data stream comprising an interactive TV application for installation on a set-top box being used by the television service subscriber; when installed, the interactive TV application enabling the set-top box to cause transmission of said indication of a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with the information element.

214. The method defined in claim 213, the interactive TV application further enabling the set-top box to capture the response and the entry.

215. The method defined in claim 203, wherein the response causes storage in a memory of an indication of the selection of the information element and the second entry has been provided by the television service subscriber at a moment chosen by the television service subscriber after the storage in a memory of an indication of the selection of the information element.

216. The method defined in claim 203, wherein the repsonse has been provided by the television service subscriber during presentation of the information element to the television service subscriber on an audio-visual output device and the second entry has been provided by the television service subscriber at a moment chosen by the television service subscriber after the presentation of the information element to the television service subscriber on an audio-visual output device.

217. The method defined in claim 203, wherein the time at which the television service subscriber desires to enter into contact with the information source associated with the information element is when the television service subscriber provided said second entry.

218. A system implemented by a content provider for enabling a television service subscriber to enter into contact with an information source, the system comprising:
a processing device implementing:
- a transmission apparatus operable for releasing to a television service subscriber a content stream conveying an information element deemed to be of potential interest to a multi-subscriber audience that includes the television service subscriber;
- a return path apparatus operable for:
- receiving from the television service subscriber an indication of a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with the information element, said indication of a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with the information element resulting from the television service subscriber having provided (i) a response indicative of a selection of the information element and (ii) an entry specifying a telephone number at which the television service subscriber desires to be reached, the entry having been provided after the response;
- determining a telephone number associated with the information element;
- a call control apparatus operable for:

- establishing a first telephony leg on a basis of the telephone number associated with the information element;
- establishing a second telephony leg on a basis of the telephone number at which the television service subscriber desires to be reached; and - joining the first telephony leg and the second telephony leg to form an end-to-end telephony link for the television service subscriber.

219. A computer program product tangibly embodied in a computer-readable storage medium and comprising computer readable code which when executed by a processor performs a method, the computer readable code comprising:
- first machine executable code for causing the computing apparatus to release to a television service subscriber a content stream conveying an information element deemed to be of potential interest to a multi-subscriber audience that includes the television service subscriber;
- second machine executable code for causing the computing apparatus to await receipt from the television service subscriber of an indication of a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with the information element, said indication of a request to enter into contact with an information source associated with the information element resulting from the television service subscriber having provided (i) a response indicative of a selection of the information element and (ii) an entry specifying a telephone number at which the television service subscriber desires to be reached, the entry having been provided after the response;
- third machine executable code for causing the computing apparatus to determine a telephone number associated with the information element;
- fourth machine executable code for causing the computing apparatus to establish a first telephony leg on a basis of the telephone number associated with the information element;
- fifth machine executable code for causing the computing apparatus to establish a second telephony leg on a basis of the telephone number at which the television service subscriber desires to be reached;

- sixth machine executable code for causing the computing apparatus to join the first telephony leg and the second telephony leg to form an end-to-end telephony link for the television service subscriber.