BR112015001036A2 - cápsula para preparar uma bebida em um dispositivo de infusão, tampa para uma cápsula para preparar bebidas, sistema para preparar bebidas e processo para preparar uma bebida a partir de uma cápsula - Google Patents
cápsula para preparar uma bebida em um dispositivo de infusão, tampa para uma cápsula para preparar bebidas, sistema para preparar bebidas e processo para preparar uma bebida a partir de uma cápsulaInfo
- Publication number
- BR112015001036A2 BR112015001036A2 BR112015001036A BR112015001036A BR112015001036A2 BR 112015001036 A2 BR112015001036 A2 BR 112015001036A2 BR 112015001036 A BR112015001036 A BR 112015001036A BR 112015001036 A BR112015001036 A BR 112015001036A BR 112015001036 A2 BR112015001036 A2 BR 112015001036A2
- Authority
- BR
- Brazil
- Prior art keywords
- brewing
- capsule
- cap
- beverage
- preparing
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
- A47J31/00—Apparatus for making beverages
- A47J31/40—Beverage-making apparatus with dispensing means for adding a measured quantity of ingredients, e.g. coffee, water, sugar, cocoa, milk, tea
- A47J31/407—Beverage-making apparatus with dispensing means for adding a measured quantity of ingredients, e.g. coffee, water, sugar, cocoa, milk, tea with ingredient-containing cartridges; Cartridge-perforating means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D17/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting or piercing, or by tearing of frangible members or portions
- B65D17/28—Rigid or semi-rigid containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting or piercing, or by tearing of frangible members or portions at lines or points of weakness
- B65D17/404—Details of the lines of weakness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D85/00—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
- B65D85/70—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for materials not otherwise provided for
- B65D85/804—Disposable containers or packages with contents which are mixed, infused or dissolved in situ, i.e. without having been previously removed from the package
- B65D85/8043—Packages adapted to allow liquid to pass through the contents
- B65D85/8046—Pods, i.e. closed containers made only of filter paper or similar material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D85/00—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
- B65D85/70—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for materials not otherwise provided for
- B65D85/804—Disposable containers or packages with contents which are mixed, infused or dissolved in situ, i.e. without having been previously removed from the package
- B65D85/8043—Packages adapted to allow liquid to pass through the contents
- B65D85/8064—Sealing means for the interface with the processing machine
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2517/00—Containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting, piercing or tearing of wall portions, e.g. preserving cans or tins
- B65D2517/0001—Details
- B65D2517/001—Action for opening container
- B65D2517/002—Unusual opening actions
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Apparatus For Making Beverages (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
Abstract
resumo “cápsula para preparar uma bebida em um dispositivo de infusão, tampa para uma cápsula para preparar bebidas, sistema para preparar bebidas e processo para preparar uma bebida a partir de uma cápsula” uma cápsula (1) para preparar uma bebida em um dispositivo de infusão, compreende um corpo oco (3) incluindo uma parede de entrada (4), uma parede lateral (5) e um rebordo em flange (6) tendo um lado superior (10) e um lado inferior (11) e um elemento de vedação (12) localizado no lado superior do citado rebordo em flange, o inferior lado (11) do rebordo em flange (6??) compreende pelo menos duas porções (13, 14) que estão posicionadas em dois ou mais planos (q, p) que estão em diferentes níveis em relação ao eixo geométrico (a-a) da cápsula e proporcionando um espaço (20) no lado inferior do rebordo em flange.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12005215 | 2012-07-16 | ||
PCT/EP2013/063858 WO2014012779A2 (en) | 2012-07-16 | 2013-07-01 | Capsule with improved sealing element |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
BR112015001036A2 true BR112015001036A2 (pt) | 2017-06-27 |
Family
ID=48745944
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
BR112015001036A BR112015001036A2 (pt) | 2012-07-16 | 2013-07-01 | cápsula para preparar uma bebida em um dispositivo de infusão, tampa para uma cápsula para preparar bebidas, sistema para preparar bebidas e processo para preparar uma bebida a partir de uma cápsula |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20150201792A1 (pt) |
EP (1) | EP2882670B1 (pt) |
JP (1) | JP6219387B2 (pt) |
KR (1) | KR102101048B1 (pt) |
CN (1) | CN104619609A (pt) |
AU (1) | AU2013292237B2 (pt) |
BR (1) | BR112015001036A2 (pt) |
CA (1) | CA2878864A1 (pt) |
ES (1) | ES2875508T3 (pt) |
HK (1) | HK1211000A1 (pt) |
RU (1) | RU2655153C2 (pt) |
WO (1) | WO2014012779A2 (pt) |
Families Citing this family (40)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP4190211A1 (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2023-06-07 | Koninklijke Douwe Egberts B.V. | A beverage preparation system, a capsule and a method for forming a beverage |
GB201308927D0 (en) | 2013-05-17 | 2013-07-03 | Kraft Foods R & D Inc | A beverage preparation system, a capsule and a method for forming a beverage |
PL3089639T3 (pl) | 2014-01-03 | 2018-10-31 | Koninklijke Douwe Egberts B.V. | Wymienne opakowanie dostarczające dla maszyny do dozowania napojów, dozownik, zespół pompy oraz sposób wytwarzania |
JP2017510339A (ja) * | 2014-02-28 | 2017-04-13 | サロング ソシエタ ペル アツィオニ | 飲料用カプセル |
AU2014394631B2 (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2019-10-10 | Advanced Technology Assets B.V. | Capsule and device for preparing beverages and method for manufacturing a capsule |
US20170247179A1 (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2017-08-31 | David Rubinstein | Capsule for a beverage preparation |
GB201420262D0 (en) | 2014-11-14 | 2014-12-31 | Kraft Foods R & D Inc | A method of forming a cup-shaped body for a beverage capsule |
USD757537S1 (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2016-05-31 | 2266170 Ontario Inc. | Capsule |
WO2016186491A1 (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2016-11-24 | Koninklijke Douwe Egberts B.V | A capsule, a system for preparing a potable beverage from such a capsule and use of such a capsule in a beverage preparation device |
RU2710768C2 (ru) * | 2015-05-15 | 2020-01-13 | Конинклейке Дауве Егбертс Б.В. | Капсула, система для приготовления пригодного для питья напитка из подобной капсулы и применение подобной капсулы в устройстве для приготовления напитков |
EP3119702B1 (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2020-02-12 | Koninklijke Douwe Egberts B.V. | A capsule, a system for preparing a potable beverage from such a capsule and use of such a capsule in a beverage preparation device |
CN107848701B (zh) * | 2015-05-15 | 2021-02-02 | 皇家戴维艾格伯茨有限公司 | 胶囊、用于从这种胶囊制备饮用饮料的系统以及在饮料制备装置中使用这种胶囊的使用方法 |
NL2016783B1 (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2016-12-30 | Douwe Egberts Bv | A capsule, a system for preparing a potable beverage from such a capsule and use of such a capsule in a beverage preparation device |
EP3134335B1 (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2018-07-11 | Koninklijke Douwe Egberts B.V. | A capsule, a system for preparing a potable beverage from such a capsule and use of such a capsule in a beverage preparation device |
PT3119702T (pt) * | 2015-05-15 | 2020-03-05 | Douwe Egberts Bv | Cápsula, sistema para preparar uma bebida potável a partir de tal cápsula e utilização de tal cápsula num dispositivo de preparação de bebida |
CA2985975A1 (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2016-11-24 | Koninklijke Douwe Egberts B.V. | A capsule, a system for preparing a potable beverage from such a capsule and use of such a capsule in a beverage preparation device |
EP3134331B1 (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2018-07-11 | Koninklijke Douwe Egberts B.V. | A capsule, a system for preparing a potable beverage from such a capsule and use of such a capsule in a beverage preparation device. |
WO2016193842A1 (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2016-12-08 | Bacon, Brian | Capsules for containing coffee or another substance from which a beverage can be extracted using hot water |
NL2017683B1 (en) | 2015-10-27 | 2017-05-31 | Douwe Egberts Bv | Capsule, system and method for preparing a beverage |
ES2580155B1 (es) * | 2016-01-05 | 2017-08-01 | Cup Out Of The Box, S.L. | Conjunto, cápsula y procedimiento para preparar infusiones |
WO2017149479A1 (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2017-09-08 | Bartesian Inc. | Beverage machine and capsule for use with the beverage machine |
NL2016780B1 (en) | 2016-05-13 | 2017-11-16 | Douwe Egberts Bv | A capsule, a system for preparing a potable beverage from such a capsule and use of such a capsule in a beverage preparation device |
NL2016779B1 (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2017-11-16 | Douwe Egberts Bv | A capsule and a system for preparing a potable beverage from such a capsule |
US11840397B2 (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2023-12-12 | Adrian Rivera | Method of constructing a beverage brewing cartridge |
NL2017281B1 (en) | 2016-08-03 | 2018-02-14 | Douwe Egberts Bv | System for preparing a beverage |
NL2017285B1 (en) | 2016-08-03 | 2018-02-14 | Douwe Egberts Bv | System, apparatus, method, capsule and kit of capsules for preparing a beverage |
NL2017284B1 (en) | 2016-08-03 | 2018-02-14 | Douwe Egberts Bv | System and method for preparing a beverage field and background |
NL2017283B1 (en) | 2016-08-03 | 2018-02-14 | Douwe Egberts Bv | System and apparatus for preparing a beverage |
NL2017279B1 (en) | 2016-08-03 | 2018-02-14 | Douwe Egberts Bv | System for preparing a beverage |
NL2019218B1 (en) | 2016-08-03 | 2018-07-06 | Douwe Egberts Bv | Capsule, system and use of the system for preparing double beverages like a double espresso, a double lungo and a double ristretto |
NL2017277B1 (en) | 2016-08-03 | 2018-02-14 | Douwe Egberts Bv | Apparatus and method for preparing a beverage and system comprising the apparatus and an exchangeable capsule |
NL2017278B1 (en) | 2016-08-03 | 2018-02-14 | Douwe Egberts Bv | System, apparatus, method, capsule and kit of capsules for preparing a beverage |
WO2018067009A1 (en) * | 2016-10-07 | 2018-04-12 | Koninklijke Douwe Egberts B.V. (Utrecht) | A capsule, a system for preparing a potable beverage from such a capsule and use of such a capsule in a beverage preparation device |
DE102016012044A1 (de) * | 2016-10-07 | 2018-04-12 | Xpressivo Ag | Kapseldichtung mit doppelter Zentrierfunktion |
NL2019254B9 (en) * | 2016-10-07 | 2018-09-10 | Douwe Egberts Bv | A capsule, a system for preparing a potable beverage from such a capsule and use of such a capsule in a beverage preparation device |
JP7157073B2 (ja) * | 2017-04-04 | 2022-10-19 | ソシエテ・デ・プロデュイ・ネスレ・エス・アー | 一体成形された封止部材を有する飲料調製用カプセル |
NL2019253B1 (en) | 2017-07-14 | 2019-01-28 | Douwe Egberts Bv | Assembly of a capsule and a brew chamber, brew chamber, beverage preparation machine, capsule and use of a capsule. |
WO2020017964A1 (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2020-01-23 | Euro-Caps Holding B.V. | Capsules for containing a substance from which a beverage can be produced having a side-wall-merging wiper seal |
KR102491513B1 (ko) * | 2018-07-27 | 2023-01-27 | 지씨에스 게르만 캡슐 솔루션 게엠베하 | 음료 제조 기계에서 음료를 제조하기 위한 포션 캡슐을 제조하는 방법, 포션 캡슐, 및 음료 제조 기계와 포션 캡슐로 음료를 제조하는 방법 |
NL2022190B1 (en) | 2018-12-12 | 2020-07-03 | Douwe Egberts Bv | Air purge groove |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ITMI20021087A1 (it) * | 2002-05-21 | 2003-11-21 | Sergio Tonon | Cartuccia per caffe' e prodotti solubili apparato per l'estrazione dibevande da detta cartuccia e relativo metodo di produzione di una beve |
DE602004008113T3 (de) | 2004-10-25 | 2019-03-07 | Nestec S.A. | Getränkezubereitungssystem |
DE102005031907A1 (de) | 2005-07-07 | 2007-01-11 | Schmid Baukunststoffe Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen von Schwammgummi-Formteilen und nach diesem Verfahren hergestellte Formteile |
EP1792849A1 (en) * | 2005-12-02 | 2007-06-06 | Tuttoespresso S.p.a. | Pressure beverage cartridge and preparation method |
DE602006001573D1 (de) | 2006-03-31 | 2008-08-07 | Nestec Sa | Kapsel mit durch Flüssigkeit gepresster Aussendichtung |
DE102008014758A1 (de) | 2008-03-18 | 2009-10-08 | Inde Plastik Betriebsgesellschaft Mbh | Geschlossene Portionspackung mit Dichtung |
US9572450B2 (en) | 2008-03-20 | 2017-02-21 | Nestec S.A. | Beverage production device for producing a beverage from a single-use capsule |
CN102007052B (zh) * | 2008-04-14 | 2013-06-05 | 艾斯克咖啡有限公司 | 用于饮料制备的容器 |
MX2011006185A (es) * | 2008-12-09 | 2011-06-27 | Nestec Sa | Sistema de preparacion de alimento liquido para preparar un alimento liquido por centrifugacion. |
JP2012515601A (ja) * | 2009-01-23 | 2012-07-12 | エシカル コーヒー カンパニー ソシエテ アノニム | 飲料を調製するためのカプセル |
DK2443046T3 (en) * | 2009-06-17 | 2016-01-04 | Koninkl Douwe Egberts Bv | A capsule for containing beverage ingredients |
KR101047054B1 (ko) * | 2009-07-31 | 2011-07-06 | 주식회사 하이닉스반도체 | 반도체 장치 |
JP2013511308A (ja) * | 2009-11-19 | 2013-04-04 | ネステク ソシエテ アノニム | カプセル、およびカプセルからコーヒーなどの飲料を調製するための方法 |
IT1401828B1 (it) * | 2010-09-28 | 2013-08-28 | Macchiavelli Srl | Sistema per la preparazione di una bevanda a partire da un prodotto da infusione contenuto in una capsula intercambiabile |
ITVI20110079A1 (it) * | 2011-04-04 | 2012-10-05 | Taplast Srl | Capsula per la preparazione di bevande e metodo di preparazione di bevande che utilizza tale capsula |
ES1075815Y (es) * | 2011-10-25 | 2012-03-08 | Inventos Para Sist S Vending S L | Capsula monodosis para maquinas de cafe espresso |
ITBO20120103A1 (it) * | 2012-03-05 | 2013-09-06 | Macchiavelli Srl | Capsula per prodotti da infusione |
ITVR20120043A1 (it) * | 2012-03-14 | 2013-09-15 | Coffee Star S A | Sistema per la produzione di bevande |
-
2013
- 2013-07-01 CN CN201380047914.7A patent/CN104619609A/zh active Pending
- 2013-07-01 US US14/414,269 patent/US20150201792A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-07-01 JP JP2015522026A patent/JP6219387B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-07-01 BR BR112015001036A patent/BR112015001036A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-07-01 WO PCT/EP2013/063858 patent/WO2014012779A2/en active Application Filing
- 2013-07-01 RU RU2015104990A patent/RU2655153C2/ru active
- 2013-07-01 KR KR1020157002993A patent/KR102101048B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2013-07-01 EP EP13733294.6A patent/EP2882670B1/en active Active
- 2013-07-01 AU AU2013292237A patent/AU2013292237B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2013-07-01 CA CA2878864A patent/CA2878864A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-07-01 ES ES13733294T patent/ES2875508T3/es active Active
-
2015
- 2015-11-30 HK HK15111763.5A patent/HK1211000A1/xx unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2014012779A2 (en) | 2014-01-23 |
RU2015104990A (ru) | 2016-09-10 |
HK1211000A1 (en) | 2016-05-13 |
US20150201792A1 (en) | 2015-07-23 |
AU2013292237A1 (en) | 2015-02-19 |
WO2014012779A3 (en) | 2014-05-01 |
KR102101048B1 (ko) | 2020-05-19 |
KR20150042192A (ko) | 2015-04-20 |
JP6219387B2 (ja) | 2017-10-25 |
RU2655153C2 (ru) | 2018-05-23 |
ES2875508T3 (es) | 2021-11-10 |
AU2013292237B2 (en) | 2017-11-02 |
JP2015527914A (ja) | 2015-09-24 |
CN104619609A (zh) | 2015-05-13 |
EP2882670B1 (en) | 2021-03-17 |
EP2882670A2 (en) | 2015-06-17 |
CA2878864A1 (en) | 2014-01-23 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
BR112015001036A2 (pt) | cápsula para preparar uma bebida em um dispositivo de infusão, tampa para uma cápsula para preparar bebidas, sistema para preparar bebidas e processo para preparar uma bebida a partir de uma cápsula | |
BR112015025796A2 (pt) | cápsula para a preparação de bebidas e sistema para a preparação de bebidas | |
BR112015028313A2 (pt) | um sistema de preparação de bebidas, uma cápsula e um método para formação de uma bebida | |
USD716965S1 (en) | Protective closure for a pharmaceutical vial | |
BR112015001039A2 (pt) | sistema para preparar uma bebida e cápsula | |
EP4293128A3 (en) | Detecting hepatocellular carcinoma | |
EP3398948A3 (en) | 2,4,6,7-tetrasubstituted pteridine compounds and methods of synthesis and use thereof | |
CL2013000234A1 (es) | Una capsula para uso con una maquina de preparacion de alimentos donde dicha capsula comprende paredes rigidas laterales con los bordes perifericos superiores una pared superior que se extiende desde los bordes superiores y una pared inferior, la capsula comprende ademas medios de sellado dispuestos al menos sobre los bordes perifericos superiores de modo que los medios comprenden un sello a prueba de liquidos; y sistema. | |
BR112017011917A2 (pt) | ?corpo de contenção para fazer uma cápsula para fazer bebidas e método para fazer cápsulas com diferentes quantidades de substância alimentar em pó utilizando um corpo de contenção único? | |
ES2549694A1 (es) | Procedimiento de llenado aséptico de una bolsa | |
BR112017012492A2 (pt) | sistema de fechamento resistente à abertura por crianças para um recipiente | |
AR085923A1 (es) | Cierre para un envase y envase con dicho cierre | |
PH12016500492A1 (en) | Pyridazinone compounds and uses thereof | |
CL2017003188A1 (es) | Sistema de conexión y de recipiente | |
WO2017156495A8 (en) | Compounds and methods for modulating bruton's tyrosine kinase | |
BR112015015967A2 (pt) | conjunto de garrafa de configuração dual | |
AR091021A1 (es) | Capsula | |
BR112018013419A2 (pt) | arranjo de cápsula, sistema para preparar uma bebida e método para preparar uma bebida | |
WO2016014342A3 (en) | Ang-(1-7) derviative oligopeptides and methods for using and producing the same | |
BR112014031959A2 (pt) | recipiente de plástico e tampa | |
WO2016193924A3 (en) | System of multiple bags and method for the preparation of hemocomponents | |
BR112016001958A2 (pt) | confeito empilhável | |
USD722511S1 (en) | Four vial level | |
CL2013001834A1 (es) | Producto lacteo no perecible que comprende un componente lacteo, liquido y aseptico que comprende un subcomponente acuoso que ha sido separado de la grasa, filtrado, concentrado, esterilizado y no pasteurizado; su metodo y sistema de fabricacion; y bebida que comprende a dicho producto. | |
MX2020000353A (es) | Metodos para incubar liquidos e inactivar virus. |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
B06F | Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette] | ||
B06U | Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette] | ||
B07A | Application suspended after technical examination (opinion) [chapter 7.1 patent gazette] | ||
B09B | Patent application refused [chapter 9.2 patent gazette] | ||
B09B | Patent application refused [chapter 9.2 patent gazette] |
Free format text: MANTIDO O INDEFERIMENTO UMA VEZ QUE NAO FOI APRESENTADO RECURSO DENTRO DO PRAZO LEGAL |