ZA200702831B - Method, material and system for controlled release of anti-microbial agents - Google Patents
Method, material and system for controlled release of anti-microbial agents Download PDFInfo
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- ZA200702831B ZA200702831B ZA200702831A ZA200702831A ZA200702831B ZA 200702831 B ZA200702831 B ZA 200702831B ZA 200702831 A ZA200702831 A ZA 200702831A ZA 200702831 A ZA200702831 A ZA 200702831A ZA 200702831 B ZA200702831 B ZA 200702831B
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- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- solid material
- solid
- interface
- microbial agent
- Prior art date
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- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 title claims description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 47
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 117
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 claims description 89
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011402 Portland pozzolan cement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013060 biological fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004067 bulking agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011396 hydraulic cement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011404 masonry cement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011412 natural cement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 claims 1
- RNWHGQJWIACOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Zn+2] RNWHGQJWIACOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- -1 silver ions Chemical class 0.000 description 23
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940100890 silver compound Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000003379 silver compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxydisulfate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000193755 Bacillus cereus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000589517 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- QFKSYCRJVHYECD-UHFFFAOYSA-K [Ag+3].[O-]I(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]I(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]I(=O)(=O)=O Chemical compound [Ag+3].[O-]I(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]I(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]I(=O)(=O)=O QFKSYCRJVHYECD-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003429 antifungal agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940121375 antifungal agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003443 antiviral agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012206 bottled water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014171 carbonated beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015203 fruit juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014666 liquid concentrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000003378 silver Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015192 vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Description
METHOD, MATERIAL AND SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLED RELEASE OF
ANTI-MICROBIAL AGENTS
The present invention relates to a method for treating a fluid with an anti-microbial agent. In particular, the present invention relates to a method, material, and system for controllably releasing an anti-microbial agent into a fluid.
Several metals and metallic compounds, such as silver, copper and zinc, are well known for their anti-microbial properties. In particular, low concentrations of monovalent silver ions are toxic to micro-organisms.
Additionally, silver and silver ions are generally considered to be safe for human consumption at the low concentrations that are effective for anti-microbial applications. Accordingly, the use of metallic silver and silver compounds is particularly advantageous for treating water to obtain water with acceptable levels of microbial organisms for human consumption.
There are several different methods of delivering silver and silver ions into water at low concentrations necessary to observe an anti-microbial effect.
For example, water may be passed through a silver- containing media of activated carbon impregnated with silver salts and metallic silver or an ion exchange medium loaded with monovalent silver ions to increase the concentration of monovalent silver ions in solution to a level which is toxic to micro-organisms. Other silver- containing media, such as high surface area substrates comprising silver or silver compounds have also been used,
wherein the method of delivery of solvated silver species is reliant on the slow and continuous dissociation of silver cations into solution at the liquid-solid interface of the substrate.
In all but the purest forms of water, solvated halide ions, particularly chloride ions, are ubiquitous. Thus, it is not surprising that the residence time of monovalent silver ions in solution is typically short and of the order of a few minutes, primarily because of formation of a silver halide precipitate arising from the reaction of monovalent silver ions with solvated halide ions, in particular chloride ions.
Ag* + C1” — AgCl(s) (1)
However, the short residence time of monovalent silver ions in solution is considered long enough for an anti- microbial effect to be measurable.
As most water subjected to water treatment will generally contain sufficiently high concentrations of solvated halide ions for silver halide formation to occur, regular replenishment of the water with low concentrations of monovalent silver ions is required to maintain micro- organism populations at acceptable levels for human consumption, particularly if the water is to be stored and not consumed immediately after treatment with silver.
Monovalent silver ions may be rapidly and continuously introduced into aqueous solution by electrolytic means using a silver-containing electrode. However, this method is reliant on an external electrical power source, and it is unsuitable for remote or developing communities where a reliable external power source may be neither available nor affordable.
The effectiveness of all the above described methods is also compromised by the formation of an inert film or coating of silver halide over the liquid-solid interface of the silver-containing media or the silver-containing electrode, which prevents further release of silver into solution.
Similarly, other metals and metal compounds which display anti-microbial properties, such as copper and zinc, are prone to oxidation and the resultant formation of an inert film or coating of metal oxide over the liquid-solid : interface of a substrate containing the metals and/or metal compounds.
The efficacy of other forms of silver, such as trivalent silver ions, as anti-microbial agents has also attracted recent attention. In US 5,223,149 Antelman describes treating utilitarian bodies of water, such as swimming pools, hot tubs, municipal and industrial water supplies with a liquid concentrate of soluble Ag (III) complexes, in particular silver (III) periodate and silver (III) biguanide complexes.
Treatment of water by introduction of mixed valency silver compounds has also been examined, although it appears necessary to combine such compounds with an oxidising agent such as persulfate or ozone to afford the required anti-microbial effect. For example, in US 5,211,853
Antelman describes a method of treating utilitarian bodies of water with tetrasilver tetroxide molecular crystals in the presence of oxidizing agents such as persulfate, whereas in US 6,346,201 Felkner describes a water disinfection method employing ozonated tetrasilver tetroxide and compositions comprising ozonated tetrasilver tetroxide.
It will be appreciated that there is thus a need to
- 4 ~ provide a means of controllably releasing an antimicrobial agent or other active substance into a fluid without the direct need for electric power.
In the art of garment bleaching, European patent publication EP0339674 discloses an attrition method for releasing bleaching agent from a solid carrier to a second solid material, namely a garment to be bleached. Here, attrition between garment and the solid carrier transfers particles of an oxidising agent contained in a cement matrix to moisture present in the garment against which it is abraded. The particles are not released into a fluid that is free-flowing. Furthermore, the attrition method is difficult to control and does not readily enable a controlled release of bleaching agent.
The present invention seeks to overcome at least in part some of the aforementioned disadvantages.
It is to be understood that, although prior art use and publications are referred to herein, such reference does not constitute an admission that any of these form a part of the common general knowledge in the art, in Australia or any other country.
The prior art has demonstrated that a continuous release of a metal or a metal compound displaying anti-microbial properties from a substrate or an electrode is sometimes compromised by formation of an inert film or coating, typically a metal halide or a metal oxide, over the liquid-sclid interface of the substrate or electrode, thus preventing further release of the metal or metal compound into the fluid.
The present invention is based on the realisation that it
J is possible to controllably release low concentrations of such metals or metal compounds into the fluid by abrading a liquid-solid interface of a substrate containing the metal or metal compound to remove the inert film or coating.
Thus, according to one feature of the invention there is provided a method of controllably releasing an anti- microbial agent into a fluid comprising the steps of: a) contacting the fluid with a solid material containing the anti-microbial agent; and, b) abrading an interface of the solid material and removing particles therefrom and exposing an underlying surface of the solid material to the fluid, thereby facilitating release of the anti-microbial agent at the underlying surface of the solid material and/or the removed particles into the fluid.
The term “anti-microbial agent” as used herein refers to a substance which acts to reduce a total number of viable micro-organisms including but not limited to bacteria, fungi, and viruses. In some embodiments of the invention the anti-microbial agent is an anti-bacterial agent. In some embodiments of the invention the anti-microbial agent is an anti-fungal agent. In some embodiments of the invention the anti-microbial agent is an anti-viral agent.
Typical examples of microorganisms which can be inhibited by the anti-microbial agent of the present invention include, but are not limited to, Escherichia coli,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, coliform bacteria, and thermotolerant coliform bacteria.
The anti-microbial agent can be any one or more of a metal, metal oxide, metal compound, metal salt, metal- ligand complex or derivatives thereof having anti- microbial properties. Typical examples of the anti-
- 6 ~- microbial agent comprise, but are not limited to, any one or more of a metal, metal oxide, metal compound, metal salt, metal-ligand complex or derivatives thereof based on silver, copper, and zinc.
In the preferred embodiment, the anti-microbial agent is silver oxide (AgO), also sometimes referred to as tetrasilver tetroxide. While not wishing to be bound by theory, the inventors opine that when silver oxide is exposed at the underlying surface of a particle removed from .the abraded material or at the underlying surface of the abraded solid material, silver oxide rapidly reacts in aqueous solution to afford solvated silver ions. The solvated silver ions have a residence time in solution sufficiently long for an anti-microbial effect to be measurable.
The fluid can be a gas or a liquid. A water-based liquid is the preferred fluid. Typical examples of water-based liquids comprise, but are not limited to, beverages (eg. bottled water, municipal drinking water supplies, fruit and/or vegetable juices, still and carbonated beverages), biological fluids or water-based fluids used in therapeutic or pharmaceutical applications (eg. serum, saline solutions, dental unit water supplies), water used for human and/or animal consumption (eg. municipal water supplies), water used in recreational activities (eg. swimming pools), water used in manufacturing and industrial applications (eg. as a raw material, solvent, process stream, in cooling towers, air conditioning systems, cleaning fluids), and water used in aquaculture.
In some embodiments, the fluid can be a gas in the form of steam, humidified air, or air-borne water in the form of an atomised or nebulised spray. In other embodiments, the fluid can be gases used in breathing apparatus, gases used in medical and surgical applications, gases used under
- 7 = sterile conditions in industrial applications.
The term “interface” as used herein refers to a surface forming a common boundary petween a solid phase, in particular the solid material, and the fluid in contact with the solid phase.
In one embodiment, the step of abrading the interface of the solid material comprises providing a plurality of solid bodies of the solid material and agitating the fluid or otherwise causing the solid bodies to .collide on a controlled basis and thereby partially fragment the solid bodies and release the anti-microbial agent into the fluid.
In one embodiment, the step of agitating the fluid comprises stirring the fluid at a rate which causes the solid bodies to collide.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of agitating the fluid comprises shaking the fluid at a rate which causes the solid bodies to collide.
In a further embodiment, the step of agitating the fluid comprises containing the fluid and the solid bodies in a vessel, and recirculating the fluid through the vessel, the arrangement being such that the flux of fluid into or out of the vessel causes the solid bodies to collide.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of abrading an interface of the solid material comprises applying an abrasive force directly on the interface of the solid material. Typically, the abrasive force is directly applied on the interface of the solid material by an abrading means, such as for example, a mechanical scourer.
According to a second feature of the invention there is provided a solid material for controllably releasing an anti-microbial agent into a fluid, the solid material comprising an anti-microbial agent dispersed or embedded in a solid carrier.
Typically the solid carrier is selected to provide the solid material with desirable hardness, strength, porosity and particle size properties. Additionally, it is desirable that the solid carrier is not appreciably soluble in water so that the solid material maintains its bulk structural integrity while in contact. with water- based fluids.
In some embodiments the solid carrier is a cementitious material. The term “cementitious material” as used herein refers to a substance used for bonding or setting to a hard material. Typical cementitious materials include, but are not limited to hydraulic cements such as for example, Portland cement, Portland-slag cement, Portland- pozzolan cement, slag cement, natural cement, masonry cement, or sulphate-resistant cement, or organic cementitious materials such as epoxy resins and polyester resins.
In other embodiments the solid carrier is a bulking agent provided with desirable hardness, strength, porosity, particle size, and solubility properties.
Optionally, the solid material further comprises an adjunct selected from the group <consisting of a flocculant, a coagulant, an inert particulate material, a buoyancy agent, a further hardening agent, a water treatment agent, a nutrient and/or a therapeutic agent.
In a third feature of the invention there is provided a device coated in a solid material for controllably releasing an anti-microbial agent into a fluid, wherein i the solid material comprises an anti-microbial agent dispersed or embedded in a solid carrier.
In a fourth feature of the invention there is provided a system for controllably releasing an anti-microbial agent into a fluid, the system comprising: a receptacle for receiving the fluid; a solid material containing an anti-microbial agent, wherein an interface of the solid material is disposed in the receptacle and is in contact with the fluid received in the receptacle; and : a means for abrading the interface of the solid material and removing particles therefrom and exposing an underlying surface of the solid material to the fluid, thereby facilitating release of the anti-microbial agent at the underlying surface of the solid material and/or the removed particles into the fluid.
In a fifth feature of the invention there is provided a method of controllably releasing an anti-microbial agent into a fluid, comprising the steps of: dispersing and/or embedding an anti-microbial agent in a material; forming a solid body of the material containing the dispersed and/or embedded anti-microbial agent; locating a plurality of the solid bodies in a chamber containing the fluid to be treated; and, agitating the fluid or otherwise causing the solid bodies to collide on a controlled basis and thereby partially fragment the solid bodies and release the anti- microbial agent into the fluid.
In another feature of the invention there is provided a method of treating a fluid with an anti-microbial agent comprising the steps of: a) contacting the fluid with a solid material containing the anti-microbial agent; and,
Claims (61)
1. A solid material for controllably releasing an anti- microbial agent into a fluid, the solid material comprising an anti-microbial agent dispersed or embedded in a solid carrier.
2. The solid material according to claim 1, wherein the anti-microbial agent is one or more of a metal, metal oxide, metal compound, metal salt, metal-ligand complex or derivatives thereof having anti-microbial properties. .
3. The solid material according to claim 2, wherein the anti-microbial agent is one or more of a metal, metal oxide, metal compound, metal salt, metal-ligand complex or derivatives thereof based on silver, copper, and zinc.
4. The solid material according to claim 3, wherein the anti-microbial agent is one or more of silver oxide (AgO), copper (II) oxide, and zinc (II) oxide.
5. The solid material according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the anti-microbial agent is capable of forming an inert film or coating by reacting with one or more chemical species contained in the fluid.
6. The solid material according to any one of the preceding «claims, wherein the sclid carrier is not appreciably soluble in the fluid and maintains its bulk structural integrity while in contact with the fluid.
7. The solid material according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the solid carrier is a cementitious material.
8. The solid material according to claim 7, wherein the cementitious material is a hydraulic cement selected from a group consisting of Portland cement, Portland-slag cement, Portland-pozzolan cement, slag cement, natural cement, masonry cement, sulphate-resistant cement.
09. The solid material according to claim 7, wherein the cementitious material is an organic cementitious material selected from a group consisting of epoxy resins and polyester resins.
10. The solid material according to claim 6, wherein the solid carrier is a .bulking agent provided with desirable hardness, strength, porosity, particle size, and solubility properties.
11. The solid material according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the anti-microbial agent and the solid carrier are present in a ratio of between 95:5 - 1:99 wt$%.
12. The solid material according to claim 11, wherein the anti-microbial agent and the solid carrier are present in a ratio of between 50:50 - 85:15 wt%.
13. The solid material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the solid carrier is the anti-microbial agent.
14. The solid material according to any one of the preceding claims further comprising an adjunct selected from the group consisting of a flocculant, a coagulant, an inert particulate material, a buoyancy agent, a further hardening agent, a water treatment agent, a nutrient and/or a therapeutic agent, an odourant, a colourant, an indicator agent.
15. A device coated in a solid material as defined in any one of claims 1 to 14 for controllably releasing an anti-
microbial agent into a fluid.
16. The device according to claim 15, wherein a thickness of the coating of the solid material is from 10 microns - 100 mm.
17. The device according to claim 15 or claim 16, wherein the coating of solid material is applied to an odourant, a colourant, or an indicator agent.
18. The device according to any one of claims 15 to 17, . the device comprising a receptacle for fluid storage and/or treatment of a fluid with an anti-microbial agent having an interior surface thereof provided with a coating of the solid material.
19. A device formed from a solid material defined in any one of claims 1 to 14 for controllably releasing an anti- microbial agent into a fluid.
20. The device according to any one of claims 15 to 17 and claim 19, wherein the device is a solid body.
21. The device according to claim 20, wherein the solid body has a diameter of 10 microns - 100 mm.
22. A method of controllably releasing an anti-microbial agent into a fluid comprising the steps of: a) contacting the fluid with a solid material as defined in any one of claims 1 to 14; b) abrading an interface of the solid material and removing particles therefrom and exposing an underlying surface of the solid material to the fluid, thereby facilitating release of the anti-microbial agent at the underlying surface of the solid material and/or the removed particles into the fluid.
- 35 ~-
23. The method according to claim 22, wherein the step of abrading the interface of the solid material comprises providing a plurality of solid bodies formed from, or coated with, the solid material and agitating the fluid or otherwise causing the solid bodies to collide on a controlled basis and thereby partially fragment the solid bodies and release the anti-microbial agent into the fluid.
24. The method according to claim 23, wherein the step of agitating the fluid comprises stirring the fluid at a rate . which causes the solid bodies to collide.
25. The method according to claim 23, wherein the step of agitating the fluid comprises shaking the fluid at a rate which causes the solid bodies to collide.
26. The method according to claim 23, wherein the step of agitating the fluid comprises containing the fluid and the solid bodies in a vessel, and recirculating the fluid through the vessel, the arrangement being such that the flux of fluid into or out of the vessel causes the solid bodies to collide.
27. The method according to claim 22, wherein the step of abrading an interface of the solid material comprises applying an abrasive force directly on the interface of the solid material.
28. The method according to claim 22, wherein the step of abrading the interface of the solid material comprises providing at least one solid body and agitating the fluid or otherwise causing the or each solid body to collide on a controlled basis with the interface of the solid material.
29. The method according to claim 28, wherein the step of agitating the fluid comprises stirring the fluid at a rate which causes the or each solid bedy to collide with the interface of the solid material.
30. The method according to claim 28, wherein the step of agitating the fluid comprises shaking the fluid at a rate which causes the or each solid body to collide with the interface of the solid material.
31. The method according to claim 28, wherein the step of agitating the fluid comprises containing the fluid and the . or each solid body in a vessel, and recirculating the fluid through the vessel, the arrangement being such that the flux of fluid into or out of the vessel causes the or each solid body to collide with the solid material.
32. The method according to 31, wherein an interior surface of the vessel is coated with the solid material.
33. The method according to any one of claims 22 to 33, further comprising the step of reforming an inert film or coating on the interface of the solid material.
34. The method according to claim 33, comprising ceasing the step of abrading for a pre-determined period of time and allowing the inert film or coating to reform on the interface of the solid material.
35. A system for controllably releasing an anti-microbial agent into a fluid, the system comprising: a receptacle for receiving the fluid: a solid material as defined in any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein an interface of the solid material is disposed in the receptacle and is in contact with the fluid received in the receptacle; and a means for abrading the interface of the solid material and removing particles therefrom and exposing an underlying surface of the solid material to the fluid, thereby facilitating release of the anti-microbial agent at the underlying surface of the solid material and/or the removed particles into the fluid.
36. The system according to claim 35, wherein the solid material is coated on a portion of an interior surface of the receptacle.
37. The system according to claim 35, wherein the solid material is formed as, or coated on, a plurality of solid . bodies.
38. The system according to claim 35 or 36, wherein the means for abrading the interface of the solid material comprises a scouring means in operative communication with the solid material.
39. The system according to claim 35 or 37, wherein the means for abrading the interface of the solid material comprises a means for agitating the fluid received in the receptacle and causing the solid bodies to collide on a controlled basis and thereby partially fragment the solid bodies and release the anti-microbial agent into the fluid.
40. The system according to claim 35 or 36, wherein the means for abrading the interface of the solid material comprises a plurality of solid bodies disposed in the receptacle and a means for agitating the fluid received in the receptacle and causing the solid bodies to collide on a controlled basis with the interface of the solid material.
41. The system according to claim 39 or claim 40, wherein the means for agitating the fluid is an impeller or stirring means.
42. The system according to claim 39 or claim 40, wherein the means for agitating the fluid is a means for shaking the receptacle and its contents.
43. The system according to claim 39 or claim 40, wherein the means for agitating the fluid is a means for recirculating the fluid through the receptacle, the arrangement being such that the flux of fluid into or out of the receptacle causes the solid bodies to collide.
44. A method of treating a fluid with an anti-microbial agent comprising the steps of: a) contacting the fluid with a solid material as defined in any one of claims 1 to 14; and, b) abrading an interface of the solid material and removing particles therefrom and exposing an underlying surface of the solid material to the fluid, thereby facilitating release of the anti-microbial agent at the underlying surface of the solid material and/or the removed particles into the fluid.
45. The method according to claim 44, wherein the fluid comprises a gas or a liquid.
46. The method according to claim 44 or claim 45, wherein the fluid is a water-based liquid.
47, The method according to claim 46, wherein the water- based fluid comprises beverages, biological fluids or water-based fluids used in therapeutic or pharmaceutical applications, water used for human and/or animal consumption, water used in recreational activities, water used in manufacturing and industrial applications, water used in aquaculture.
48. The method according to claim 44 or claim 45, wherein the fluid is steam, humidified air, or air-borne water in the form of an atomised or nebulised spray; gases used in breathing apparatus, gases used in medical and surgical applications, gases used under sterile conditions in industrial applications.
49. The method according to claim 44, wherein the step of abrading the interface of the solid material comprises providing a plurality of solid bodies of the solid material and agitating the fluid or otherwise causing the solid bodies to collide on a controlled basis and thereby partially fragment the solid bodies and release the anti- microbial agent into the fluid.
S50. The method according to claim 49, wherein the step of agitating the fluid comprises stirring the fluid at a rate which causes the solid bodies to collide.
51. The method according to claim 49, wherein the step of agitating the fluid comprises shaking the fluid at a rate which causes the solid bodies to collide.
52. The method according to claim 43, wherein the step of agitating the fluid comprises containing the fluid and the solid bodies in a vessel, and recirculating the fluid through the vessel, the arrangement being such that the flux of fluid into or out of the vessel causes the solid bodies to collide.
53. The method according to claim 44, wherein the step of abrading an interface of the solid material comprises applying an abrasive force directly on the interface of the solid material.
54. The method according to claim 44, wherein the step of abrading the interface of the solid material comprises providing at least one solid body and agitating the fluid
- 40 = or otherwise causing the or each solid body to collide on a controlled basis with the interface of the solid material. S$ 55. The method according to claim 54, wherein the step of agitating the fluid comprises stirring the fluid at a rate which causes the or each solid body to collide with the interface of the solid material.
56. The method according to claim 54, wherein the step of agitating the fluid comprises shaking the fluid at a rate . which causes the or each solid body to collide with the interface of the solid material.
57. The method according to claim 54, wherein the step of agitating the fluid comprises containing the fluid and the or each solid body in a vessel, and recirculating the fluid through the vessel, the arrangement being such that the flux of fluid into or out of the vessel causes the or each solid body to collide with the solid material.
58. The method according to any one of claims 54 to 57, wherein an interior surface of the vessel is coated with the solid material.
59. The method according to any one of claims 44 to 58, further comprising the step of reforming an inert film or coating on the interface of the solid material.
60. The method according to claim 59, comprising ceasing the step of abrading for a pre-determined period of time and allowing the inert film or coating to reform on the interface of the solid material.
61. A method of controllably releasing an anti-microbial agent into a fluid, comprising the steps of: dispersing and/or embedding an anti-microbial agent in a material; forming a solid body of the material containing the dispersed and/or embedded anti-microbial agent; locating a plurality of the solid bodies in a chamber containing the fluid to be treated; and, agitating the fluid or otherwise causing the solid bodies to collide on a controlled basis and thereby partially break apart the solid bodies and release the anti-microbial agent into the fluid.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2004905080A AU2004905080A0 (en) | 2004-09-07 | Method for sterilizing water |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ZA200702831B true ZA200702831B (en) | 2008-07-30 |
Family
ID=38783428
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA200702831A ZA200702831B (en) | 2004-09-07 | 2007-04-04 | Method, material and system for controlled release of anti-microbial agents |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| ZA (1) | ZA200702831B (en) |
-
2007
- 2007-04-04 ZA ZA200702831A patent/ZA200702831B/en unknown
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