ZA200300351B - Harvesting machine. - Google Patents
Harvesting machine. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ZA200300351B ZA200300351B ZA200300351A ZA200300351A ZA200300351B ZA 200300351 B ZA200300351 B ZA 200300351B ZA 200300351 A ZA200300351 A ZA 200300351A ZA 200300351 A ZA200300351 A ZA 200300351A ZA 200300351 B ZA200300351 B ZA 200300351B
- Authority
- ZA
- South Africa
- Prior art keywords
- crop
- harvesting machine
- machine according
- threshing
- cutting
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 68
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000038559 crop plants Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000251169 Alopias vulpinus Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 2
- FSVJFNAIGNNGKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[cyclohexyl(oxo)methyl]-3,6,7,11b-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one Chemical compound C1C(C2=CC=CC=C2CC2)N2C(=O)CN1C(=O)C1CCCCC1 FSVJFNAIGNNGKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Harvesting Machines For Specific Crops (AREA)
Description
Ny WO 02/01935 PCT/GB00/02565
HARVESTING MACHINE
This invention relates to a harvesting machine for harvesting seed and grain . crops.
Conventional harvesting machines for grain and seeds separate the cutting of the crop and the threshing to extract the grain or seeds from the rest of the cut crop mate- rial into two distinct stages. In order to maximise the rate of harvesting, it may seem desirable to widen the cutting stage as much as possible so as to cut a wide swathe through the crop. However, because the cut material is then funnelled into the thresh- ing stage of the machine, the wider the cutting stage is made, the greater is the capacity of the threshing stage required to handle the volume of cut material passed thereto. It is not practical simply to make the threshing stage larger in size, since the resultant ma- chine would be too large to transport, and too large to use in smaller spaces. It is nec- essary, therefore, to attempt to increase the speed and power of the threshing stage, and in practice the advantages of higher harvesting rate are offset by the greater cost and power consumption of the machine.
One problem is that the threshing stage has to handle a very high volume of cut crop material, most of which is then discharged back on to the field to be collected or processed in a separate operation subsequently. Another problem is that the cut crop material is funnelled into a relatively narrow width in the machine for threshing.
The present invention seeks to overcome these problems.
According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a machine for har- vesting grains or seeds, comprising a cutting head mounted on a self-powered vehicle, the cutting head containing cutting means for cutting crop material including the seeds or grain, and threshing means for separating seeds or grains from the cut crop material, ) the head being mounted on the vehicle so as to be movable vertically to control the height from the ground at which the crop is cut.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a harvesting ma- chine comprising cutting means for cutting crop material including seeds or grains, and threshing means for separating seeds or grains from the cut crop material, wherein the . threshing means threshes over a width substantially equal to the width of the cutting means.
The cutting means may comprise fixed blades with means for urging the crop into the blades. It might also be possible to use shear blades reciprocating relative to fixed blades.
The threshing means may comprise a rotary beater and a fixed grid, the cut crop moving between the beater and the grid. Seeds or grains falling through the grid may be collected and transported by transverse conveyor means, which may move the seeds/grains to one end of the cutting head, or to a central collecting point.therein..
The waste crop material may be discharged to the ground, or passed-to one or more further threshing stages external of the cutting head.
By threshing over the full width of the cutting means, the volume of material being handled over a given width of the threshing means is substantially reduced, per- mitting a higher extraction efficiency in length terms, and thus making it practical to in- corporate the threshing stage into the cutting head, if desired.
A further aspect of the invention provides-a harvesting machine comprising a cutting head mounted on a self-powered vehicle so as to be movable vertically relative thereto, means for detecting the height of the crop to be harvested ahead of the vehi- cle, and means responsive to the crop height detected for moving the cutting head, whereby the proportion of the height of the crop cut remains substantially constant.
The detecting means may be mechanical, but other means may be employed, for example an optical detector. The mechanical means may comprise a pivoted paddle projecting forward of the vehicle and resting on the crop, and signalling means for gen- erating a signal in response to rotation of the paddle as the crop height varies. The . paddle preferably carries a lightweight roller which runs on the upper surface of the crop. The roller may comprise a plurality of tubes which engage the crop in succession as the roller rotates. The tubes may be inflated plastics members or they may be o WO 02/01935 PCT/GB00/02565 formed from an expanded plastics material. Means may be provided to balance the weight of the roller so that it exerts a downward force on the crop just sufficient to maintain contact therewith without causing significant bending of the crop stalks. . Preferably, the cutting head comprises cutting means and threshing means.
An advantage of this aspect of the invention is that by precisely controlling the amount of material cut from the standing crop, the quantity of waste to be handled can be minimised, reducing the power and size requirement for the threshing stage, which may be separate, as in a conventional combine harvester, or integrated into the cutting head in accordance with other aspects of the invention.
The cutting head may carry a separate cutter, if desired, to cut down the re- maining portion of the crop plants after removal of the seed- or graincarrying portions.
The cut waste then passes beneath the machine without the need for-it to be processed. in the machine. The separate cutter may alternatively be mounted separately on the machine, or may follow the machine, for example being trailed behind the self-powered vehicle. The result may then be, after removal of the cut waste, a stubble which can be ploughed in to the soil in conventional manner.
The cutting head of the invention may be installed as a replacement for the con- ventional cutting head of a.combine harvester, or it may be mounted on a suitable vehi- cle having the ability to supply power to the head. Drive of the cutter and thresher in . the head may be provided by hydraulic motors supplied with hydraulic power from the supporting vehicle, although mechanical drive may also be possible using a power take- off from the supporting vehicle. In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the cut- ter and thresher are driven by a separate engine mounted thereon.
In the drawings, which illustrate an exemplary embodiment of the invention:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the cutting head with the drive and supporting means omitted for the sake of clarity; . Figure 2 is a side elevation of the cutting head shown in Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a diagram showing a side view of a cutting height detecting means;
Figure 4 is a diagram showing a side view of the cutting head with supporting means for controlling the height of the cutting head according to the height measured by the device shown in Figure 3; ) Figure 5 is a diagrammatic side elevation of an alternative design of spool or ro- tor in conjunction with the cutting bar;
Figure é is a side elevation of an alternative beating rotor;
Figure 7 is a top plan view of the cutting head, omitting the rotor; and
Figure 8 is an enlarged view of a section of the rotor shown in Figure 5.
Detailed Description of the Illustrated Embodiments
Referring first to Figures 1 to 4, the cutting head comprises a forwardiy- projecting cutting blade 1 divided into a plurality of teeth 2, the blade leading into a threshing section having a mesh grid 3 with transversely-extending bars 4 set into'it.. An. ejection chute 5 is located rearwardly of the threshing section to discharge waste mate- rial on to the ground. A flail rotor 6 is mounted for rotation above the blade 1 so as to urge the crop on to the teeth 2, where the uppermost parts of the crop stalks are cut. . The flail 6 also serves to urge or project the cut material towards the threshing section, where a beater rotor 7 draws the material in and beats the material as it passes over the grid 3 and bars 4. This action liberates the grain or seeds in the-crop, allowing them .. .. to fall through the grid on to a transverse conveyor 8 which transports the grain/ seeds . to a collection point at one end of the cutting head. A curved guide 9 directs the grain from other parts of the grid 3 on to the conveyor 8. A lifting rotor 10 lifts the waste crop material emerging from the threshing section and delivers it into the chute 5. An upper cover 11 encloses the threshing section and forms the other half of the ejection chute 5.
It will be seen from Figure 1 that the beater rotor 7 and the lifting rotor 10 are each formed from a series of shorter sections, permitting the threshing section of the cutting head to be assembled into any of a range of different modular widths. . Figure 2 in particular shows how the cutting head may be positioned so as to cut the crop at a height which captures all the seed/ grain-bearing parts while minimising the additional material collected, thus also minimising the work needing to be done by the
R WO 02/01935 PCT/GB00/02565 threshing section. Control of the height of the cutting head is suitably achieved by de- tecting the uppermost height of the crop as a whole and then positioning the blade 1 at a predetermined distance below the uppermost height detected. This is preferably car- . ried out dynamically, so that variations in the crop height across a field are accommo- dated.
Figure 3 illustrates diagrammatically one way of detecting the crop height to control the operating height of the cutting head. An arm 30 is mounted on the cutting head (not shown for clarity) and projects forward in the direction of travel. The free end of the arm 30 carries a roller 31 made up of a frame 32 supporting eight trans- versely mounted inflated plastics sleeves 33 whose function is to achieve the greatest possible contact area on the crop surface with minimum weight. (It will be understood that the number of sleeves on the roller: is-not critical to the invention, and there:may =" be fewer or more than eight).
The roller is rotatably mounted so that the sleeves 33 come into contact with the crop successively as the cutting head, and with it the roller, advances through the crop. The arm 30 is mounted on a pivot 34 and is provided with a spring 35 or the like to counterbalance the weight of the arm and roller projecting forward so that the downwards force of the roller.on. the .crop-is set to a minimum. necessary to maintain the roller in contact with the: crop without distorting or- compressing the crop. A rheo-. stat mounted on the end of the pivot shaft 34 provides a variable current output pro- portional to the degree of rotation of the arm 30 relative to the cutting head. This cur- rent is then used to provide a control signal to the hydraulic valve or valves controlling the level of the cutting head, as will be described hereinafter with reference to Figure 4.
It will be appreciated that the rheostat could be incorporated into a simple bridge circuit whose output could then be used in a simple feedback control loop, since the relative angle between the arm and the cutting head needs to be kept substantially constant to achieve a constant cutting height in the crop (i.e. so that the length of crop cut is sub- . stantially constant relative to the uppermost level of the crop, taken as a whole). The cut length can be adjusted by adjusting the selected angle between the arm 30 and the cutting head.
y -6-
Figure 4 illustrates one way in which the height of the cutting head may be con- trolled. The cutting head is carried by a pair of caster wheels 40, each carried on a leg 41 which incorporates a hydraulic ram. A fast-acting solenoid valve supplies fluid to the ram or allows it to flow from the ram according to the control instructions generated in response to the height measurement produced by the arrangement described with ref- erence to Figure 3, for example. The caster wheels support the weight of the cutting head, while permitting it to steer in response to the movement of the vehicle to which it is attached.
Referring now to Figure 5, the spool or rotor 50 comprises a hub 51 mounting a plurality of laterally-spaced sets of six arms 52, corresponding pairs of arms in adja- cent sets carrying between them a vane 53 which is curved rearwards relative to the direction of rotation so as to present a generally vertical face to the crop as it is engaged by the cutting blades 54 and 55. The spool 50 is rotated in the direction shown by ar- row A at a speed which is proportional to the ground speed of the supporting vehicle, the vanes serving not only to guide the crop into contact with the cutting blades 54 and 55, but also to propel the cut crop rearwardly towards the threshing section. The cut- ting blades comprise fixed, generally triangular blades 54 secured to the leading edge of the cutting head, and. laterally reciprocable-blades.55 which. partially. overlap the fixed blades 54 in a vertical direction.
Figure 6 shows a modified beater rotor 60 in the threshing section of the cutting head. The rotor is of generally hexagonal configuration and mounts a beater bar 61 along each corner of the hexagon. The beater bars 61 are curved and have a plurality of angled grooves cut in the external face thereof, the grooves in one bar being angled in the opposite sense to those in the adjacent bars. The bars act against a curved mesh surface 62 such that grain falls through while the remainder of the crop material is car- ried upwardly for disposal. The grain (and a certain amount of chaff and the like) falls on to a laterally-extending conveyor. It may then be either be carried into a conven- . tional combine harvester for final separation, or conveyed to a further separation stage mounted above the threshing section, in which it is again transported laterally while be-
ing tumbled in an air stream to carry away the chaff for disposal, leaving the clean grain to be delivered at the end of the separation stage, i.e. at the side of the cutting head.
Figure 7 shows an alternative configuration of the cutting head, in which the y threshing section is divided into three lateral sections to improve the support of the beater rotor and to simplify its construction. The arrangement also permits individual sections to be removed for repair or replacement. The outer two of the three individ- ual beater rotor sections 70 are mounted between the sides of the cutting head and in- termediate bearing supports 71, while the inner rotor section 70 is carried solely be- tween the supports 71. To guide the cut crop away from the bearing supports 71, two tapered guides 72 are mounted in front of the supports 71 on the lower surface 73 of the cutting head. To permit the spool 50 to pass over the guides 72, the vanes 53 are mounted so as to leave lateral gaps 74 between them, as.may be seen.from Figure 8...
However, since the gaps 74 would leave parts of the crop unguided before and during: cutting, reducing efficiency of harvesting, the gaps are filled by mounting a series of rub- ber blades 75 in the ends of the vanes 53, the blades in each series being stepped so that one pair meet, while the other blades serve as support without meeting. As the spool rotates, the blades 75 separate as they pass over the guides 72 and then close again as they clear the guides, ensuring that a continuous vane surface is presented to the crop on the next rotation. . .
Claims (20)
1. A harvesting machine comprising cutting means for cutting crop material including seeds or grains, and threshing means for separating seeds or grains from the cut crop material, wherein the threshing means threshes over a width substantially equal to the width of the cutting means, and wherein waste material is discharged from the threshing means over substantially the full width thereof.
2. A harvesting machine according to Claim 1, wherein the cutting means comprise fixed blades with means for urging the crop into the blades.
3. A harvesting machine according to Claim 2, comprising shear blades re- ciprocating relative to the fixed blades.
4. A harvesting machine according to any preceding claim, wherein the threshing means comprise a rotary beater and a fixed grid, the cut crop moving be-
. tween the beater and the grid.
5. A harvesting machine according to Claim 4, comprising transverse con- veyor means to collect and transport seeds or grains falling through the grid.
6. A harvesting machine according to Claim 5, wherein the conveyor means moves the seeds/ grains to one end of the cutting head.
7. A harvesting machine according to Claim 5. wherein. the conveyor means moves the seeds/ grains to a central collecting pointin the cutting head.
8. A harvesting machine according to any preceding claim, wherein the cut- ting head is arranged to discharge waste crop material to the ground.
9. A harvesting machine according to any of Claims 1 to 8, wherein the threshing head is arranged to pass waste crop material to one or more further thresh- ing stages external of the threshing head.
10. A harvesting machine according to any preceding claim, comprising means for detecting the height of the crop to be harvested ahead of the vehicle, and means responsive to the crop height detected for moving the cutting head, whereby the proportion of the height of the crop cut remains substantially constant.
11. A harvesting machine according to Claim 10, wherein the detecting means is mechanical. 1 AMENDED SHEET 14-05-2002 2
12. A harvesting machine according to Claim 11, wherein the mechanical means comprise a pivoted paddle projecting forward of the vehicle and resting on the ’ crop, and signalling means for generating a signal in response to rotation of the paddle as the crop height varies. So
13. A harvesting machine according to Claim 12, wherein the paddle carries a lightweight roller which runs on the upper surface of the crop.
14. A harvesting machine according to Claim 13, wherein the roller com- prises a plurality of tubes which engage the crop in succession as the roller rotates.
15. A harvesting machine according to Claim 14, wherein the tubes are in- flated plastics members.
16. A harvesting machine according to Claim 14, wherein the tubes are formed from an expanded plastics material.
17. A harvesting machine according to any of Claims 12 to 16, comprising balance means to balance the weight of the roller so that it exerts a downward force on the crop just sufficient to maintain contact therewith without causing significant bending of the crop stalks.
18. A harvesting machine according to Claim 10, wherein the detecting o means comprise an optical detector. . : =.
19. A harvesting machine according to any of Claims 10 to 18, wherein the cutting head comprises cutting means and threshing means.
20. A harvesting machine according to any preceding claim, wherein the cut- ting head carries a separate cutter to cut down the remaining portion of the crop plants after removal of the seed- or grain-carrying portions.
4 . 2] AMENDED SHEET 14-05-2002
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ZA200300351A ZA200300351B (en) | 2003-01-13 | 2003-01-13 | Harvesting machine. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ZA200300351A ZA200300351B (en) | 2003-01-13 | 2003-01-13 | Harvesting machine. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ZA200300351B true ZA200300351B (en) | 2004-05-26 |
Family
ID=32851437
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ZA200300351A ZA200300351B (en) | 2003-01-13 | 2003-01-13 | Harvesting machine. |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
ZA (1) | ZA200300351B (en) |
-
2003
- 2003-01-13 ZA ZA200300351A patent/ZA200300351B/en unknown
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
AU2000256968B2 (en) | Harvesting machine | |
CN107046953B (en) | Whole stalk feeding type combine harvester | |
US6442916B1 (en) | Sensing system for an agricultural combine | |
US4236369A (en) | Row crop attachment | |
CN106561150B (en) | Non-line sensitive grain threshing header | |
JPH01312920A (en) | Grain harvester | |
US4137923A (en) | Chaff spreading attachment for harvesters | |
US5368522A (en) | Feeder-rotor assembly for combines | |
US20060185340A1 (en) | Cutting and threshing header for harvesting machine | |
US5077964A (en) | Crop harvesting method and apparatus | |
US5197549A (en) | Onion topper | |
ZA200300351B (en) | Harvesting machine. | |
CA2418554C (en) | Machine for mowing stalk-like crops | |
US6368209B2 (en) | Agricultural combine with stone trough beater arrangement | |
CN116784089A (en) | Regenerated japonica rice harvester | |
GB2351219A (en) | Harvesting machine | |
JP4612498B2 (en) | Harvesting structure of harvesting machine | |
US20220174873A1 (en) | Combine and method for operating a combine | |
CN116583171A (en) | Harvesting system based on harvesting platform for agricultural harvester and harvesting platform for agricultural harvester | |
US5167110A (en) | One pass bean cutting and windrowing apparatus | |
CN113645834A (en) | Sugarcane harvester with modular overwhelming assembly | |
JP6830622B2 (en) | Root vegetable harvester | |
CN2238528Y (en) | Pre-threshing type grain combine harvester | |
US20240016085A1 (en) | Weed seed destruction device with a straw guide surface | |
EP3811767A1 (en) | Combine harvester machine for collecting grain from herbaceous plants |