ZA200209194B - Paper sizing composition. - Google Patents
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- ZA200209194B ZA200209194B ZA200209194A ZA200209194A ZA200209194B ZA 200209194 B ZA200209194 B ZA 200209194B ZA 200209194 A ZA200209194 A ZA 200209194A ZA 200209194 A ZA200209194 A ZA 200209194A ZA 200209194 B ZA200209194 B ZA 200209194B
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 101
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 title claims description 29
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 63
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 45
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 229920005552 sodium lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- WASQWSOJHCZDFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diketene Chemical compound C=C1CC(=O)O1 WASQWSOJHCZDFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004368 Modified starch Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- CCGKOQOJPYTBIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenone Chemical compound C=C=O CCGKOQOJPYTBIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 alkenyl ketene dimer Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical group [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000007835 Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Species 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001266 acyl halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WVJVHUWVQNLPCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC WVJVHUWVQNLPCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940087596 sodium phenolsulfonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- BLXAGSNYHSQSRC-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-hydroxybenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC1=CC=CC=C1S([O-])(=O)=O BLXAGSNYHSQSRC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- PNFSYNAUAPBVGF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;phenyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 PNFSYNAUAPBVGF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims 12
- HIEHAIZHJZLEPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;naphthalene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC=CC2=C1 HIEHAIZHJZLEPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003385 sodium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-M naphthalene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Description
PAPER SIZING COMPOSITION
I. Field of the Invention ) This invention relates to paper sizing compositions containing a) sizing agent, b) dispersant system, and c) inorganic salt, and also to methods of sizing paper using such compositions, and to products made using such sizing compositions. 2. Background of the Invention
Cellulose-reactive sizing agents, such as alkyl ketene dimers (AKDs), are widely used in the paper making industry as components in sizing dispersion formulations. The usefulness of such agents derives from their ability to bond directly to the hydroxyl groups on the cellulose component of the paper. Frequently, in these sizing formulations, the sizes, e.g., AKDs, are combined with dispersant systems which include cationic starch and/or sodium lignosulfonate. Examples of such dispersions can be found in U.S. Patent No. 4,861,376, to Edwards, and U.S. Patent No. 3,223,544, to Savina, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The usefulness of inorganic salts such as alum, or aluminum containing salts, in paper making processes has also been known for some time. Practically, these salts greatly improve machine productivity by enhancing dewatering. As a general rule, the higher the concentration of the salts, the better the dewatering capacity.
The combination of organic sizing agents such as AKD dispersions and inorganic ~~ _ salts such as alum is thus a valuable combination, providing both sizing and dewatering_ _. — capacity. Examples of such combinations are presented in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,145,522 to Nakagawa et al. and 5,627,224, to Lyrmalm et al., the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference. The problem encountered by this combination, however, is that organic sizing agents tend to be quite incompatible with inorganic salts, separating ' out if the concentration of the inorganic salts becomes too high in a liquid phase of the organic sizing dispersion.
There is, therefore, a need in the art for a dispersant system which is compatible with inorganic salts and organic sizing agents. A number of dispersant systems have been described in the literature. For example, in U.S. Patent No. 5,627,224, an amphoteric polymer is used as the sole dispersant to incorporate polyaluminum ) compounds in dispersions of AKD. However, achieving good stability in compositions containing organic sizes and inorganic salts has been elusive. Thus, there is a need in the * 5 art for compositions which solve the aforementioned problems.
In view of the foregoing, it is an object of the present invention to provide sizing dispersions with improved stability.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide sizing dispersions which enhance dewatering capacity.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide sizing dispersions which comprise organic sizing agent, and inorganic salt in varying concentrations, including high inorganic salt concentrations.
The present invention is also directed to compositions comprising (a) cellulose-
I) reactive size, (b) dispersant system comprising primary dispersant and secondary dispersant, and (c) inorganic salt, to methods of producing and using said compositions, as well as products including the composition.
The present invention is achieved by the provision of an aqueous composition comprising cellulose-reactive size, dispersant system comprising anionic dispersant and at least one cationic dispersant or non-ionic dispersant; and at least one salt comprising an element in an amount equivalent to, or greater than, about 5.5 wt% aluminum, based =. . _— oo . on the weight of cellulose-reactive size. In preferred embodiments, the cellulose-reactive size comprises at least one of ketene dimer and ketene multimer; more preferably the ketene dimer comprises at least one of alkenyl! ketene dimer and alkyl ketene dimer. In other preferred embodiments, the cellulose-reactive size comprises at least one of alkenyl . succinic anhydride and stearic anhydride.
The cellulose-reactive size may comprise organic epoxide containing from about ' 12 to about 22 carbon atoms, acyl halide containing from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms, fatty acid anhydride from fatty acid containing from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms, or organic isocyanate containing from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms. ' Preferably, the composition comprises a ketene dimer or ketene multimer of
Formula I: where n is an integer of from 0 to about 20, R and R, are the same or different and are saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl groups having from about 6 to about 24 carbon atoms, and R, is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group having from about 2 to 0 0 pt Nx n 0 0) about 40 carbon atoms. Preferably, n has a value of from 0 to about 6; more preferably, n is from O to about 3; and most preferably, wherein n is 0. R may be a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group having from about 10 to 20 carbon atoms; preferably, R is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group having from about 14 fo 16 carbon atoms.
R, is preferably a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group having from about 10 to 20
CL carbon atoms; more preferably, R, is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group having oo from about 14 to 16 carbon atoms. Preferably, R, is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group having from about 4 to 20 carbon atoms.
The anionic dispersant may comprise polymeric dispersant containing sulfate or sulfonate. Such anionic dispersants include formaldehyde condensate of sodium ' naphthalene sulfonate, formaldehyde condensate of sodium alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, formaldehyde condensate of sodium phenol sulfonate, formaldehyde condensate of sodium phenol sulfate, and lignosulfonate, which preferably comprises sodium lignosulfonate. Preferably, the sodium lignosulfonate comprises sodium lignosulfonate having less than about 5.9 wi%, more preferably less than about 5 wt%, more preferably less than about 4.5 wt%, more preferably less than about 4 wt%, and most preferably less ' than about 3.6 wi% sulfonate sulfur based on the total weight of the sodium lignosulfonate. ’ 5 The anionic dispersant may be present in an amount of from about 0.02 to about 20 wt%, more preferably from about 0.4 to about 7 wt%, and most preferably from about 0.9 to about 3 wt% of the weight of the cellulose-reactive size.
Preferred compositions comprise cationic dispersant, which is preferably cationically modified starch, cationically modified guar, or low charge cationic polymer.
Preferably, the composition comprises cationically modified starch in an amount of from about 0.4 to about 400 wt%, more preferably from about 2 to about 100 wt%, and most preferably from about 10 to about 30 wi% of the weight of the cellulose-reactive size.
The salt may comprise a metal selected from Groups I, II, III, IV, V, and
Transition Elements of the Periodic Table, and combinations thereof. Preferably, the salt comprises aluminum, magnesium, calcium, or barium. Preferably, the composition comprises aluminum salt of the formula AL(S0,),(H,0),, whereinx is 1 to 3, y is 1 to 4, and z is 0 to 20. Preferably, the aluminum salt is aluminum sulfate. The aluminum salt may also have the formula Al (OH), X;,..,, wherein X is a negative ion, n and m are integers greater than 0, and 3n-m is greater than 0. In such salts, the negative ion preferably comprises chloride or acetate, and the aluminum salt comprises polyaluminum chloride.
In on aspect of the invention, the salt may be present in an amount equivalentto oo from about 5.5 wt% aluminum to about 10 wt% aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose-reactive size; more preferably the salt is present in an amount equivalent to from about 6 wi% aluminum to about 8 wt% aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose- reactive size.
The present invention is further achieved by the provision of an aqueous composition comprising cellulose-reactive size, dispersant system comprising modified sodium lignosulfonate and at least one of cationic dispersant, non-ionic dispersant, and combinations thereof, and at least one salt comprising an element in an amount equivalent to, or greater than, about 0.2 wt% aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose- reactive size. In such compositions, the salt may be present in an amount equivalent to, ' or greater than, about 0.4 wt% aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose-reactive size.
Preferably, the salt is present in an amount equivalent to, or greater than, about 1.5 wt%, ’ 5 more preferably equivalent to, or greater than, about 3 wt%, more preferably equivalent to, or greater than, about 4.4 wt%, more preferably equivalent to, or greater than, about 5.5 wt%, and most preferably equivalent to, or greater than, about 6 wi% aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose-reactive size.
The composition may comprise salt in an amount equivalent to, or less than, about 10 40 wt%, more preferably, equivalent to, or less than, about 30 wt%, more preferably equivalent to, or less than, about 20 wt%, more preferably equivalent to, or less than, about 15 wt%, more preferably equivalent to, or less than, about 12 wi%, more preferably equivalent to, or less than, about 10 wt%, and most preferably equivalent to, or less than, about 8 wt% aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose-reactive size. 15 The composition may comprise salt in an amount equivalent to from about 0.2 wt% to about 40 wt%, more preferably from about 0.4 wt% to about 30 wt%, more preferably from about 1.5 wt% to about 20 wt%, more preferably from about 3 wt% to about 15 wt%, more preferably from about 4.4 wt% to about 12 wt%, more preferably from about 5.5 wt% to about 10 wt%, and most preferably from about 6 wi% to about 8 20 wt% aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose-reactive size.
The present invention is still further achieved by the provision of an aqueous composition comprising at least one of ketene dimer and ketene multimer, dispersant... . __ __ system comprising modified sodium lignosulfonate and cationically modified starch, and aluminum sulfate. 25 The present invention is also achieved by an aqueous composition for sizing a paper product, produced by combining cellulose-reactive size, dispersant system : comprising anionic dispersant and at least one of cationic dispersant and non-ionic dispersant, and at least one salt comprising an element in an amount greater than, or equivalent to, 5.5 wt% aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose-reactive size.
The present invention is further achieved by a method for sizing a cellulose-based product, comprising adding cellulose-reactive size, dispersant system comprising anionic } dispersant and at least one of cationic dispersant and non-ionic dispersant, and at least one salt comprising an element in an amount greater than, or equivalent to, 5.5 wt% ‘ 5 aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose-reactive size, to cellulosic material. In preferred embodiments, the cellulosic material may comprise pulp or the surface of a paper product.
The present invention is also achieved by a the provision of a kit comprising for sizing a cellulose-based product, the kit comprising cellulose-reactive size, dispersant system comprising anionic dispersant and at least one of cationic dispersant and non- lonic dispersant, and at least one salt comprising an element in an amount greater than, or equivalent to, 5.5 wt%, aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose-reactive size.
This invention provides paper sizing compositions containing inorganic salt, dispersant system, and cellulose-reactive sizing agent, such as ketene dimer. The sizing compositions of the present invention are stable, even under the environment of high concentration of inorganic salts. The sizing compositions, including the inorganic salts, together with the dispersants, promote action of the reactive sizing agents and provide improved dewatering efficiency during paper making.
Unless otherwise indicated, all percentages, parts, ratios, etc. stated herein are by weight. Moreover, all percent values in this application, unless otherwise stated, are. - SEIT oo | calculated by weight based upon 100% of a given sample weight. Thus, for example, 30% represents 30 weight parts out of every 100 weight parts of the sample.
Unless otherwise stated, a reference to a compound or component, includes the compound or component by itself, as well as in combination with other compounds or components, such as mixtures of compounds. For example, as used herein, the term cellulose-reactive size is meant to include cellulose-reactive sizes, alone and/or ) combinations of cellulose-reactive sizes, and the term inorganic salt is meant to include inorganic salts, alone and/or combinations of inorganic salts.
As used herein, the term “hydrocarbyl” is understood to include “aliphatic,” “cycloaliphatic,” and “aromatic.” The hydrocarbyl groups are understood to include . alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, and alkaryl groups. Further, “hydrocarbyl” is understood to include both non-substituted hydrocarbyl groups, and substituted hydrocarbyl groups, with the latter referring to the hydrocarbon portion bearing additional substituents, besides carbon and hydrogen.
As used herein, the term “stable” means the claimed composition meets at least three criteria: 1) the composition does not gel for an aging period of at least two weeks; 2) the aqueous composition maintains a viscosity less than 5,000 centipoise for an aging period of at least two weeks; and 3) the aqueous composition does not separate into separate phases during an aging period of at least two weeks. Each criterion is described below.
The first criterion is the absence of gelling. As used herein, gel or gelling means the composition exhibits solid-like behavior under the action of mechanical force.
Gelling should be tested as follows: immediately after making the composition, two samples are placed in 100-gram bottles. The first bottle is tested immediately for gelling.
A simple test for gelling is done by observing the sample while slowly tilting to 15°. If the sample does not flow, it is considered gelled. The second bottle is tested for gelling after storage for two weeks at 32°C. Gelling is measured at room temperature.
The second criterion is viscosity. Preferably, the viscosity of the sample is less than 5,000, more preferably less than 4,000, even more preferably less than 3,000, even
Co ~ more preferably less than 1,000, even more preferably less than 500, even more. a preferably less than 300, and most preferably less than 200 centipoises. Viscosity is determined by using a Brookfield DV-II viscometer. The choice of spindle and speed (RPM) is readily determined by one of skill in the art. Viscosity should be tested as follows: immediately after making the composition, two 100-gram samples are placed ’ in 100-gram bottles. The first bottle is tested immediately for its viscosity. The second bottle is tested for its viscosity after storage for two weeks at 32°C. Prior to testing, each sample bottle should be allowed to come to room temperature.
Claims (72)
1. An aqueous composition comprising: : cellulose-reactive size; dispersant system comprising lignosulfonate having less than about 5.9 wt% sulfonate sulfur based on the total weight of the sodium lignosulfonate, and at least one of cationic dispersant and non-ionic dispersant; and at least one salt containing at least one metal element.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the lignosulfonate comprises less than about 5 wt% sulfonate sulfur based on the total weight of the sodium lignosulfonate.
3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the lignosulfonate comprises less than about 4.5 wt% sulfonate sulfur based on the total weight of the sodium lignosulfonate.
4. The composition of claim 3, wherein the lignosulfonate comprises less than about 4 wt% sulfonate sulfur based on the total weight of the sodium lignosulfonate.
5. The composition of claim 4, wherein the lignosulfonate comprises about 3.6 wt% sulfonate sulfur based on the total weight of the sodium lignosulfonate.
6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the salt is present in an amount such that the at least one metal element is present in an amount equivalent to, or greater than, about
0.2 wt% aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose-reactive size.
7. The composition of claim 6, wherein the salt is present in an amount such that the at least one metal element is present in an amount equivalent to, or greater than, about
0.4 wt% aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose-reactive size.
_..... .. _._.. ._
8 Thecompositionofclaim 7, wherein the salt is present in an amount such that the at least one metal element is present in an amount equivalent to, or greater than, about
1.5 wt% aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose-reactive size.
9. The composition of claim 8, wherein the salt is present in an amount such that the at least one metal element is present in an amount equivalent to, or greater than, about 3 wt% aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose-reactive size.
10. The composition of claim 9, wherein the salt is present in an amount such that the at least one metal element is present in an amount equivalent to, or greater than, about 4.4 wi% aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose-reactive size.
11. The composition of claim 10, wherein the salt is present in an amount such that the at least one metal element is present in an amount equivalent to, or greater than, : about 5.5 wt% aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose-reactive size.
12. The composition of claim 11, wherein the salt is present in an amount such that the at least one metal element is present in an amount equivalent to, or greater than, about 6 wt% aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose-reactive size.
13. The composition of claim 1, wherein the salt is present in an amount such that the at least one metal element is present in an amount equivalent to, or less than, about 40 wt% aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose-reactive size.
14. The composition of claim 13, wherein the salt is present in an amount such that the at least one metal element is present in an amount equivalent to, or less than, about 30 wt% aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose-reactive size.
15. The composition of claim 14, wherein the salt is present in an amount such that the at least one metal element is present in an amount equivalent to, or less than, about 20 wt% aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose-reactive size.
16. The composition of claim 15, wherein the salt is present in an amount such that the at least one metal element is present in an amount equivalent to, or less than, about 15 wt% aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose-reactive size.
17. The composition of claim 16, wherein the salt is present in an amount such that the at least one metal element is present in an amount equivalent to, or less than, about 12 wt% aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose-reactive size. ] So .
18. The composition of claim 17, wherein the salt is present in an amount such. . . . -. that the at least one metal element is present in an amount equivalent to, or less than, about 10 wt% aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose-reactive size.
19. The composition of claim 18, wherein the salt is present in an amount such that the at least one metal element is present in an amount equivalent to, or less than, about 8 wt% aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose-reactive size.
20. The composition of claim 4, wherein the salt is present in an amount such that the at least one metal element is present in an amount equivalent to from about 0.2 wit% to about 40 wt% aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose-reactive size.
21. The composition of claim 20, wherein the salt is present in an amount such that the at least one metal element is present in an amount equivalent to from about 0.4 ‘ wt% to about 30 wt% aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose-reactive size.
22. The composition of claim 21, wherein the salt is present in an amount such that the at least one metal element is present in an amount equivalent to from about 1.5 wi% to about 20 wt% aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose-reactive size.
23. The composition of claim 22, wherein the salt is present in an amount such that the at least one metal element is present in an amount equivalent to from about 3 wit% to about 15 wt% aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose-reactive size.
24. The composition of claim 23, wherein the salt is present in an amount such that the at least one metal element is present in an amount equivalent to from about 4.4 wi% to about 12 wt% aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose-reactive size.
25. The composition of claim 24, wherein the salt is present in an amount such that the at least one metal element is present in an amount equivalent to from about 5.5 wt% to about 10 wt% aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose-reactive size.
26. The composition of claim 25, wherein the salt is present in an amount such that the at least one metal element is present in an amount equivalent to from about 6 wit% to about 8 wt% aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose-reactive size.
27. An aqueous composition comprising: cellulose-reactive size; dispersant system comprising anionic dispersant and at least one of cationic dispersant and non-ionic dispersant; and So at least one salt containing at least one metal element, wherein the salt is present in an amount such that the at least one metal element is present in an amount equivalent to, or greater than, about 5.5 wt% aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose-reactive size.
28. The composition of claim 27, wherein the cellulose-reactive size comprises at least one of ketene dimer and ketene multimer.
29. The composition of claim 28, wherein the ketene dimer comprises at least one of alkenyl ketene dimer and alkyl ketene dimer.
30. The composition of claim 27, wherein the cellulose-reactive size comprises at least one of alkenyl! succinic anhydride and stearic anhydride.
31. The composition of claim 27, wherein the cellulose-reactive size comprises organic epoxide containing from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms, acyl halide containing from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms, fatty acid anhydride from fatty acid containing from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms, or organic isocyanate containing from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms.
32. The composition of claim 28, wherein the ketene dimer or ketene multimer comprises a compound of Formula I: 6) oO Nn n 0) O where n is an integer of from 0 to about 20, R and R, are the same or different and are saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl groups having from about 6 to about 24 carbon atoms, and R, is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group having from about 2 to about 40 carbon atoms. So
33. The composition of claim 32, wherein n is from 0 to about 6. So oo
34. The composition of claim 33, wherein n is from 0 to about 3.
35. The composition of claim 34, wherein n is 0.
36. The composition of claim 32, wherein R is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group having from about 10 to 20 carbon atoms.
37. The composition of claim 36, wherein R is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group having from about 14 to 16 carbon atoms.
38. The composition of claim 32, wherein R, is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group having from about 10 to 20 carbon atoms.
39. The composition of claim 38, wherein R, is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl! group having from about 14 to 16 carbon atoms. :
40. The composition of claim 32, wherein R, is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group having from about 4 to 20 carbon atoms.
41. The composition of claim 27, wherein the anionic dispersant comprises polymeric dispersant containing sulfate or sulfonate.
42. The composition of claim 27, wherein the anionic dispersant comprises formaldehyde condensate of sodium naphthalene sulfonate, formaldehyde condensate of sodium alkylnaphthalene suifonate, formaldehyde condensate of sodium phenol sulfonate, formaldehyde condensate of sodium phenol sulfate, and lignosulfonate.
43. The composition of claim 42, wherein the lignosulfonate comprise hydrophobic lignosulfonate.
44. The composition of claim 43, wherein the hydrophobic lignosulfonate comprises hydrophobic sodium lignosulfonate having less than about 5.9 wt% sulfonate sulfur based on the total weight of the sodium lignosulfonate.
45. The composition of claim 44, wherein the hydrophobic sodium lignosulfonate comprises hydrophobic sodium lignosulfonate having less than about 5 wt% sulfonate sulfur based on the total weight of the sodium lignosulfonate.
46. The composition of claim 45, wherein the hydrophobic sodium lignosulfonate comprises hydrophobic sodium lignosulfonate having less than about 4.5 w1% sulfonate sulfur based on the total weight of the sodium lignosulfonate.
EY ¥ 3 The composition of claim 46, wherein the hydrophobic sodium lignosulfonate comprises hydrophobic sodium lignosulfonate having less than about 4 wt% sulfonate sulfur based on the total weight of the sodium lignosulfonate.
48. The composition of claim 47, wherein the hydrophobic sodium lignosulfonate comprises hydrophobic sodium lignosulfonate having less than about 3.6 wit% sulfonate sulfur based on the total weight of the sodium lignosulfonate.
49. The composition of claim 27, wherein the anionic dispersant is present in an amount of from about 0.02 to about 20 wt% of the weight of the cellulose-reactive size.
50. The composition of claim 49, wherein the anionic dispersant is present in an amount of from about 0.4 to about 7 wt% of the weight of the cellulose-reactive size. :
51. The composition of claim 50, wherein the anionic dispersant is present in an amount of from about 0.9 to about 3 wt% of the weight of the cellulose-reactive size.
52. The composition of claim 27, wherein the at least one of cationic dispersant . and non-ionic dispersant comprises cationic dispersant.
53. The composition of claim 52, wherein the cationic dispersant comprises cationically modified starch, cationically modified guar, or low charge cationic polymer.
54. The composition of claim 53, comprising cationically modified starch in an amount of from about 0.4 to about 400 wt% of the weight of the cellulose-reactive size.
55. The composition of claim 54, comprising cationically modified starch in an amount of from about 2 to about 100 wt% of the weight of the cellulose-reactive size.
56. The composition of claim 55, comprising cationically modified starch in an amount of from about 10 to about 30 wt% of the weight of the cellulose-reactive size.
57. The composition of claim 27, wherein the at least one of cationic dispersant and non-ionic dispersant comprises non-ionic dispersant.
58. The composition of claim 27, wherein the salt comprises at least one metal of Groups I, II, III, IV, V, and Transition Elements of the Periodic Table.
59. The composition of claim 58, wherein the salt comprises at least one of aluminum, magnesium, calcium, and barium.
60. The composition of claim 59, wherein the salt comprises aluminum salt of
_ .._. _ the formula AL(SO,)(H,0),, wherein x is 1 to 3, yis 1 to 4, and z is 0 to 20. EE
61. The composition of claim 60, wherein the aluminum salt is aluminum sulfate.
62. The composition of claim S59, wherein the salt comprises aluminum salt of the formula Al (OH), Xs,... wherein X is a negative ‘ ion, n and m are integers greater than 0, and 3n-m is greater than 0.
63. The composition of claim 62, wherein the negative ion comprises chloride or acetate.
64. The composition of claim 63, wherein the aluminum salt comprises polyaluminum chloride. :
65. The composition of claim 27, wherein the salt is present in an amount such that the at least one metal element is present in an amount equivalent to from about 5.5 wt% aluminum to about 10 wt% aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose-reactive size.
66. The composition of claim 65, wherein the salt is present in an amount such that the at least one metal element is present in an amount equivalent to from about 6 wit% aluminum to about 8 wt% aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose-reactive size.
67. An aqueous composition comprising: at least one of ketene dimer and ketene multimer; dispersant system comprising hydrophobic sodium lignosulfonate and cationically modified starch; and aluminum sulfate.
68. An aqueous composition for sizing a paper product, produced by combining cellulose-reactive size; dispersant system comprising anionic dispersant and at least one of cationic dispersant and non-ionic dispersant; and at least one salt containing at least one metal element, wherein the salt is present in an amount such that the at least one metal element is present in an amount greater than, or equivalent to, 5.5 wt% aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose-reactive size.
69. A method for sizing a cellulose-based product, comprising adding: } Ce cellulose-reactive size; So dispersant system comprising anionic dispersant and at least one of cationic dispersant and non-ionic dispersant; and at least one salt containing at least one metal element, wherein the salt is present in an amount such that the at least one metal element is present in an amount greater than, or equivalent to, 5.5 wit% aluminum, based on the weight of cellulose-reactive size, to cellulosic material.
70. The method of claim 69, wherein the cellulosic material comprises pulp.
71. The method of claim 69, wherein the cellulosic material comprises the surface of a paper product. :
72. A kit comprising for sizing a cellulose-based product, the kit comprising: cellulose-reactive size; dispersant system comprising anionic dispersant and at least one of cationic dispersant and non-ionic dispersant; and at least one salt containing at least one metal element, wherein the salt is present in an amount such that the at least one metal element is present in an amount greater than, or equivalent to, 5.5 wt% aluminum, based cn the weight of cellulose-reactive size.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA200209194A ZA200209194B (en) | 2002-11-12 | 2002-11-12 | Paper sizing composition. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA200209194A ZA200209194B (en) | 2002-11-12 | 2002-11-12 | Paper sizing composition. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ZA200209194B true ZA200209194B (en) | 2004-02-25 |
Family
ID=32597731
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA200209194A ZA200209194B (en) | 2002-11-12 | 2002-11-12 | Paper sizing composition. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| ZA (1) | ZA200209194B (en) |
-
2002
- 2002-11-12 ZA ZA200209194A patent/ZA200209194B/en unknown
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