ZA200201957B - Topical treatment for prevention of ocular infections. - Google Patents
Topical treatment for prevention of ocular infections. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ZA200201957B ZA200201957B ZA200201957A ZA200201957A ZA200201957B ZA 200201957 B ZA200201957 B ZA 200201957B ZA 200201957 A ZA200201957 A ZA 200201957A ZA 200201957 A ZA200201957 A ZA 200201957A ZA 200201957 B ZA200201957 B ZA 200201957B
- Authority
- ZA
- South Africa
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- suspension
- suspending agent
- group
- polymeric suspending
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 title description 10
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 208000001860 Eye Infections Diseases 0.000 title description 4
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- IZXIZTKNFFYFOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxazolidone Chemical compound O=C1NCCO1 IZXIZTKNFFYFOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 59
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- -1 carboxy-vinyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- PSTBYXSYWMQNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-1,5-diene-2,3-diol Chemical compound OC(=C)C(O)CC=C PSTBYXSYWMQNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DSAYAFZWRDYBQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethylhexa-1,5-diene Chemical compound CC(=C)CCC(C)=C DSAYAFZWRDYBQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940035674 anesthetics Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940121363 anti-inflammatory agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002260 anti-inflammatory agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000043 antiallergic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940121375 antifungal agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003443 antiviral agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940121357 antivirals Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003193 general anesthetic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- KUQWZSZYIQGTHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-1,5-diene-3,4-diol Chemical compound C=CC(O)C(O)C=C KUQWZSZYIQGTHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BLYOHBPLFYXHQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-bis(prop-2-enyl)prop-2-enamide Chemical compound C=CCN(CC=C)C(=O)C=C BLYOHBPLFYXHQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008137 solubility enhancer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 claims 8
- 229920000148 Polycarbophil calcium Polymers 0.000 claims 8
- 229950005134 polycarbophil Drugs 0.000 claims 8
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical group O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- GRCQSGCHLQHSTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylhexa-1,5-diene Chemical compound CC(=C)C(C)CC=C GRCQSGCHLQHSTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- HGJDNBZIDQOMEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-n,n-bis(prop-2-enyl)prop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)N(CC=C)CC=C HGJDNBZIDQOMEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-RWMJIURBSA-N alpha-cyclodextrin Chemical compound OC[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)O[C@H]2O[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O3)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O[C@@H]1CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-RWMJIURBSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ODLHGICHYURWBS-FOSILIAISA-N molport-023-220-444 Chemical compound CC(O)COC[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]1O)O)O[C@@H]2O[C@H]([C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](COCC(C)O)[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]3O)O)O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](COCC(C)O)[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]3O)O)O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](COCC(C)O)[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]3O)O)O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](COCC(C)O)[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]3O)O)O3)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O)COCC(O)C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]3O[C@H]1COCC(C)O ODLHGICHYURWBS-FOSILIAISA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 62
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 57
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 34
- 210000001508 eye Anatomy 0.000 description 32
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 22
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 15
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 11
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 11
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 11
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 10
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 238000011200 topical administration Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002674 ointment Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 210000000795 conjunctiva Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 210000004087 cornea Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 4
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ULGZDMOVFRHVEP-RWJQBGPGSA-N Erythromycin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](C)C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@]([C@H](O)[C@@H](C)C(=O)[C@H](C)C[C@@](C)(O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](C)O2)N(C)C)O)[C@H]1C)(C)O)CC)[C@H]1C[C@@](C)(OC)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 ULGZDMOVFRHVEP-RWJQBGPGSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- MYSWGUAQZAJSOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ciprofloxacin Chemical compound C12=CC(N3CCNCC3)=C(F)C=C2C(=O)C(C(=O)O)=CN1C1CC1 MYSWGUAQZAJSOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylparaben Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QELSKZZBTMNZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylparaben Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QELSKZZBTMNZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002988 biodegradable polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 3
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 3
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000000744 eyelid Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 125000004184 methoxymethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000007909 solid dosage form Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007910 systemic administration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008791 toxic response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000472 traumatic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001399 1,2,3-triazolyl group Chemical group N1N=NC(=C1)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001376 1,2,4-triazolyl group Chemical group N1N=C(N=C1)* 0.000 description 2
- OTTXCOAOKOEENK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-difluoroethenone Chemical group FC(F)=C=O OTTXCOAOKOEENK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CNIIGCLFLJGOGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1-naphthalenylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole Chemical compound C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1CC1=NCCN1 CNIIGCLFLJGOGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001731 2-cyanoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C#N 0.000 description 2
- NCTCGHLIHJJIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OCCN1C1=CC=CC=C1 NCTCGHLIHJJIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002373 5 membered heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004070 6 membered heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- GSDSWSVVBLHKDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid Chemical compound FC1=CC(C(C(C(O)=O)=C2)=O)=C3N2C(C)COC3=C1N1CCN(C)CC1 GSDSWSVVBLHKDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIERETOOQGIECD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Angelic acid Natural products CC=C(C)C(O)=O UIERETOOQGIECD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000035143 Bacterial infection Diseases 0.000 description 2
- GHXZTYHSJHQHIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorhexidine Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1NC(N)=NC(N)=NCCCCCCN=C(N)N=C(N)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 GHXZTYHSJHQHIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229930182566 Gentamicin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- CEAZRRDELHUEMR-URQXQFDESA-N Gentamicin Chemical compound O1[C@H](C(C)NC)CC[C@@H](N)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](NC)[C@@](C)(O)CO2)O)[C@H](N)C[C@@H]1N CEAZRRDELHUEMR-URQXQFDESA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000186359 Mycobacterium Species 0.000 description 2
- 208000030852 Parasitic disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010067268 Post procedural infection Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000004098 Tetracycline Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 210000002159 anterior chamber Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000022362 bacterial infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229960000686 benzalkonium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(dimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[NH+](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001584 benzyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC1=CC=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 2
- 229920013641 bioerodible polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 229960003260 chlorhexidine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960003405 ciprofloxacin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960003276 erythromycin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylcyclopentane Chemical compound C=CC1CCCC1 BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003754 ethoxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC)* 0.000 description 2
- 229940124307 fluoroquinolone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960005150 glycerol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000000350 glycoloyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000002458 infectious effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001160 methoxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 235000010270 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004292 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960002216 methylparaben Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000004170 methylsulfonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen(.) Chemical class [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001180 norfloxacin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OGJPXUAPXNRGGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N norfloxacin Chemical compound C1=C2N(CC)C=C(C(O)=O)C(=O)C2=CC(F)=C1N1CCNCC1 OGJPXUAPXNRGGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001699 ofloxacin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010030861 ophthalmia neonatorum Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 2
- UYWQUFXKFGHYNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylmethyl ester of formic acid Natural products O=COCC1=CC=CC=C1 UYWQUFXKFGHYNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003170 phenylsulfonyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 235000010232 propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004405 propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960003415 propylparaben Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960001922 sodium perborate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxidooxy(oxo)borane Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OB=O YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N streptomycin Chemical compound CN[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@](C=O)(O)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 235000019364 tetracycline Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003522 tetracyclines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940040944 tetracyclines Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960000707 tobramycin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- NLVFBUXFDBBNBW-PBSUHMDJSA-N tobramycin Chemical compound N[C@@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@@H](CN)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@H](N)C[C@@H]1N NLVFBUXFDBBNBW-PBSUHMDJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002088 tosyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- XMAYWYJOQHXEEK-OZXSUGGESA-N (2R,4S)-ketoconazole Chemical compound C1CN(C(=O)C)CCN1C(C=C1)=CC=C1OC[C@@H]1O[C@@](CN2C=NC=C2)(C=2C(=CC(Cl)=CC=2)Cl)OC1 XMAYWYJOQHXEEK-OZXSUGGESA-N 0.000 description 1
- MDKGKXOCJGEUJW-VIFPVBQESA-N (2s)-2-[4-(thiophene-2-carbonyl)phenyl]propanoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC([C@@H](C(O)=O)C)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CS1 MDKGKXOCJGEUJW-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHQDAOSIOHTJCX-OWOJBTEDSA-N (E)-3-(4,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-dien-1-yl)prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CCC(O)(O)C=C1 KHQDAOSIOHTJCX-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M .beta-Phenylacrylic acid Natural products [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000004529 1,2,3-triazinyl group Chemical group N1=NN=C(C=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004530 1,2,4-triazinyl group Chemical group N1=NC(=NC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- FLBAYUMRQUHISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-naphthyridine Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CN=C21 FLBAYUMRQUHISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGEFWFBFQKWVMY-DUXPYHPUSA-N 2,4-dihydroxy-trans cinnamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=C(O)C=C1O HGEFWFBFQKWVMY-DUXPYHPUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIERETOOQGIECD-ARJAWSKDSA-M 2-Methyl-2-butenoic acid Natural products C\C=C(\C)C([O-])=O UIERETOOQGIECD-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RYNDYESLUKWOEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(=C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 RYNDYESLUKWOEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WROUWQQRXUBECT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylacrylic acid Chemical compound CCC(=C)C(O)=O WROUWQQRXUBECT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940044192 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ONPJWQSDZCGSQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ONPJWQSDZCGSQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004105 2-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([*])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- AGIJRRREJXSQJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-thiazine Chemical compound N1SC=CC=C1 AGIJRRREJXSQJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QZPSOSOOLFHYRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCCOC(=O)C=C QZPSOSOOLFHYRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYDQOEWLBCCFJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-fluorophenyl)oxane-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C=1C=C(F)C=CC=1C1(C(=O)O)CCOCC1 CYDQOEWLBCCFJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GCNTZFIIOFTKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxypyridine Chemical compound OC1=CC=NC=C1 GCNTZFIIOFTKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003341 7 membered heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005330 8 membered heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229930183010 Amphotericin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 108010001478 Bacitracin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000588832 Bordetella pertussis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000589969 Borreliella burgdorferi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000589875 Campylobacter jejuni Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000002177 Cataract Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930186147 Cephalosporin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 241001608562 Chalazion Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000606161 Chlamydia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001647372 Chlamydia pneumoniae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001647378 Chlamydia psittaci Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000606153 Chlamydia trachomatis Species 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N Cinnamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000193468 Clostridium perfringens Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010010741 Conjunctivitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DYDCUQKUCUHJBH-UWTATZPHSA-N D-Cycloserine Chemical compound N[C@@H]1CONC1=O DYDCUQKUCUHJBH-UWTATZPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DYDCUQKUCUHJBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-Cycloserine Natural products NC1CONC1=O DYDCUQKUCUHJBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010011844 Dacryocystitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010070245 Foreign body Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002148 Gellan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000010412 Glaucoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001501603 Haemophilus aegyptius Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000606768 Haemophilus influenzae Species 0.000 description 1
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010023335 Keratitis interstitial Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004166 Lanolin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000589242 Legionella pneumophila Species 0.000 description 1
- ZCGOMHNNNFPNMX-YHYDXASRSA-N Levocabastinum Chemical compound C1([C@@]2(C(O)=O)CCN(C[C@H]2C)C2CCC(CC2)(C#N)C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)=CC=CC=C1 ZCGOMHNNNFPNMX-YHYDXASRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSDSWSVVBLHKDQ-JTQLQIEISA-N Levofloxacin Chemical compound C([C@@H](N1C2=C(C(C(C(O)=O)=C1)=O)C=C1F)C)OC2=C1N1CCN(C)CC1 GSDSWSVVBLHKDQ-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 206010027137 Meibomianitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BYBLEWFAAKGYCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Miconazole Chemical compound ClC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1COC(C=1C(=CC(Cl)=CC=1)Cl)CN1C=NC=C1 BYBLEWFAAKGYCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015429 Mirabilis expansa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000294411 Mirabilis expansa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000588655 Moraxella catarrhalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000187478 Mycobacterium chelonae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000187492 Mycobacterium marinum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000187479 Mycobacterium tuberculosis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000202934 Mycoplasma pneumoniae Species 0.000 description 1
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001204 N-oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 241000588653 Neisseria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000588652 Neisseria gonorrhoeae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000588650 Neisseria meningitidis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930193140 Neomycin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001126829 Nosema Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000002193 Pain Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000191992 Peptostreptococcus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004264 Petrolatum Substances 0.000 description 1
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010040201 Polymyxins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001135215 Prevotella bivia Species 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000295644 Staphylococcaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000191940 Staphylococcus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000191967 Staphylococcus aureus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000191963 Staphylococcus epidermidis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000194017 Streptococcus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000193998 Streptococcus pneumoniae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000193996 Streptococcus pyogenes Species 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000223996 Toxoplasma Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000589884 Treponema pallidum Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000025865 Ulcer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000202921 Ureaplasma urealyticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010046851 Uveitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010059993 Vancomycin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010047513 Vision blurred Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RRDRHWJDBOGQHN-JWCTVYNTSA-N [2-[(2s,5r,8s,11s,14r,17s,22s)-17-[(1r)-1-hydroxyethyl]-22-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s,3r)-3-hydroxy-2-[[(2s)-2-[6-methyloctanoyl(sulfomethyl)amino]-4-(sulfomethylamino)butanoyl]amino]butyl]amino]-4-(sulfomethylamino)butanoyl]amino]-5,8-bis(2-methylpropyl)-3,6,9,12,15 Chemical compound CCC(C)CCCCC(=O)N(CS(O)(=O)=O)[C@@H](CCNCS(O)(=O)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)CN[C@@H](CCNCS(O)(=O)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]1CCNC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@@H](CCNCS(O)(=O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCNCS(O)(=O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCNCS(O)(=O)=O)NC1=O RRDRHWJDBOGQHN-JWCTVYNTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000606834 [Haemophilus] ducreyi Species 0.000 description 1
- HHRFWSALGNYPHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].C1CNCCN1 Chemical compound [N].C1CNCCN1 HHRFWSALGNYPHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001148470 aerobic bacillus Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BHELZAPQIKSEDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl bromide Chemical compound BrCC=C BHELZAPQIKSEDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004821 amikacin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LKCWBDHBTVXHDL-RMDFUYIESA-N amikacin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](N)C[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O[C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)NC(=O)[C@@H](O)CCN)[C@H]1O[C@H](CN)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O LKCWBDHBTVXHDL-RMDFUYIESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940126575 aminoglycoside Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- UIERETOOQGIECD-ARJAWSKDSA-N angelic acid Chemical compound C\C=C(\C)C(O)=O UIERETOOQGIECD-ARJAWSKDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- REYFJDPCWQRWAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N antazoline Chemical compound N=1CCNC=1CN(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 REYFJDPCWQRWAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002469 antazoline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940072107 ascorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001506930 atypical mycobacterium Species 0.000 description 1
- 229960004099 azithromycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MQTOSJVFKKJCRP-BICOPXKESA-N azithromycin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](C)C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@]([C@H](O)[C@@H](C)N(C)C[C@H](C)C[C@@](C)(O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](C)O2)N(C)C)O)[C@H]1C)(C)O)CC)[C@H]1C[C@@](C)(OC)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 MQTOSJVFKKJCRP-BICOPXKESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003071 bacitracin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930184125 bacitracin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CLKOFPXJLQSYAH-ABRJDSQDSA-N bacitracin A Chemical compound C1SC([C@@H](N)[C@@H](C)CC)=N[C@@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](CCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2N=CNC=2)C(=O)N[C@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)NCCCC1 CLKOFPXJLQSYAH-ABRJDSQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001164 benzothiazolyl group Chemical group S1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004541 benzoxazolyl group Chemical group O1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004621 biodegradable polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000010217 blepharitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000002352 blister Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000036770 blood supply Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940124587 cephalosporin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001780 cephalosporins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JQXXHWHPUNPDRT-BQVAUQFYSA-N chembl1523493 Chemical compound O([C@](C1=O)(C)O\C=C/[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)/C=C\C=C(C)/C(=O)NC=2C(O)=C3C(O)=C4C)C)OC)C4=C1C3=C(O)C=2C=NN1CCN(C)CC1 JQXXHWHPUNPDRT-BQVAUQFYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940038705 chlamydia trachomatis Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005091 chloramphenicol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WIIZWVCIJKGZOK-RKDXNWHRSA-N chloramphenicol Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(=O)N[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 WIIZWVCIJKGZOK-RKDXNWHRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSASVXMJTNOKOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl OSASVXMJTNOKOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004926 chlorobutanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930016911 cinnamic acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013985 cinnamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000259 cinnolinyl group Chemical group N1=NC(=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000010405 clearance mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940108538 colistimethate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108700028201 colistinmethanesulfonic acid Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003246 corticosteroid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001334 corticosteroids Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003077 cycloserine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004663 dialkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005265 dialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960001259 diclofenac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DCOPUUMXTXDBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diclofenac Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1NC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl DCOPUUMXTXDBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003974 emollient agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010014801 endophthalmitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960002549 enoxacin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IDYZIJYBMGIQMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N enoxacin Chemical compound N1=C2N(CC)C=C(C(O)=O)C(=O)C2=CC(F)=C1N1CCNCC1 IDYZIJYBMGIQMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003885 eye ointment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004884 fluconazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RFHAOTPXVQNOHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluconazole Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1CC(C=1C(=CC(F)=CC=1)F)(O)CN1C=NC=N1 RFHAOTPXVQNOHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XRECTZIEBJDKEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N flucytosine Chemical compound NC1=NC(=O)NC=C1F XRECTZIEBJDKEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004413 flucytosine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 229960002390 flurbiprofen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SYTBZMRGLBWNTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N flurbiprofen Chemical compound FC1=CC(C(C(O)=O)C)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 SYTBZMRGLBWNTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 208000008025 hordeolum Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydrogensulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 201000001371 inclusion conjunctivitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000006904 interstitial keratitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000622 irritating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001786 isothiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000842 isoxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960000318 kanamycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SBUJHOSQTJFQJX-NOAMYHISSA-N kanamycin Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CN)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@H](N)C[C@@H]1N SBUJHOSQTJFQJX-NOAMYHISSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930027917 kanamycin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930182823 kanamycin A Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 206010023332 keratitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000010666 keratoconjunctivitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960004125 ketoconazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004752 ketorolac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OZWKMVRBQXNZKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ketorolac Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCN2C1=CC=C2C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OZWKMVRBQXNZKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000004561 lacrimal apparatus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940039717 lanolin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019388 lanolin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940115932 legionella pneumophila Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003376 levofloxacin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RVGLGHVJXCETIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lodoxamide Chemical compound OC(=O)C(=O)NC1=CC(C#N)=CC(NC(=O)C(O)=O)=C1Cl RVGLGHVJXCETIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004305 lodoxamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002422 lomefloxacin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZEKZLJVOYLTDKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lomefloxacin Chemical compound FC1=C2N(CC)C=C(C(O)=O)C(=O)C2=CC(F)=C1N1CCNC(C)C1 ZEKZLJVOYLTDKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003120 macrolide antibiotic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940041033 macrolides Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000004792 malaria Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005397 methacrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002509 miconazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013536 miso Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004573 morpholin-4-yl group Chemical group N1(CCOCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002757 morpholinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960005016 naphazoline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003255 natamycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010298 natamycin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004311 natamycin Substances 0.000 description 1
- NCXMLFZGDNKEPB-FFPOYIOWSA-N natamycin Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C[C@@H](C)OC(=O)/C=C/[C@H]2O[C@@H]2C[C@H](O)C[C@](O)(C[C@H](O)[C@H]2C(O)=O)O[C@H]2C1 NCXMLFZGDNKEPB-FFPOYIOWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004927 neomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZBGPYVZLYBDXKO-HILBYHGXSA-N netilmycin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](N)C[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O[C@@H]1[C@]([C@H](NC)[C@@H](O)CO1)(C)O)NCC)[C@H]1OC(CN)=CC[C@H]1N ZBGPYVZLYBDXKO-HILBYHGXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000041 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PMOWTIHVNWZYFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-Coumaric acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1O PMOWTIHVNWZYFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZIDBRBFGPQCRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NZIDBRBFGPQCRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006195 ophthalmic dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940069265 ophthalmic ointment Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940054534 ophthalmic solution Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002997 ophthalmic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940100654 ophthalmic suspension Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940127249 oral antibiotic Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007903 penetration ability Effects 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940066842 petrolatum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004592 phthalazinyl group Chemical group C1(=NN=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000587 piperidin-1-yl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])N(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011321 prophylaxis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002206 pyridazin-3-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)N=N1 0.000 description 1
- 125000002098 pyridazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000246 pyrimidin-2-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=NC(*)=NC([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002112 pyrrolidino group Chemical group [*]N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000719 pyrrolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002294 quinazolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001567 quinoxalinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=NC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002207 retinal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001225 rifampicin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000004700 rosacea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000003786 sclera Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000342 sodium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000011083 sodium citrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001540 sodium lactate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011088 sodium lactate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005581 sodium lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003637 steroidlike Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940031000 streptococcus pneumoniae Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005322 streptomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 201000003826 superficial keratitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004492 suprofen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RUPAXCPQAAOIPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl formate Chemical group CC(C)(C)OC=O RUPAXCPQAAOIPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003718 tetrahydrofuranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000437 thiazol-2-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])N=C(*)S1 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L thiosulfate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]S([S-])(=O)=O DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UIERETOOQGIECD-ONEGZZNKSA-N tiglic acid Chemical compound C\C=C(/C)C(O)=O UIERETOOQGIECD-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UAXOELSVPTZZQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tiglic acid Natural products CC(C)=C(C)C(O)=O UAXOELSVPTZZQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012049 topical pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010044325 trachoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PMOWTIHVNWZYFI-AATRIKPKSA-N trans-2-coumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1O PMOWTIHVNWZYFI-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-N trans-cinnamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008733 trauma Effects 0.000 description 1
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229960000281 trometamol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000497 trovafloxacin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WVPSKSLAZQPAKQ-CDMJZVDBSA-N trovafloxacin Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]1C1)N)N1C(C(=CC=1C(=O)C(C(O)=O)=C2)F)=NC=1N2C1=CC=C(F)C=C1F WVPSKSLAZQPAKQ-CDMJZVDBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000397 ulcer Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 210000001745 uvea Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960003165 vancomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MYPYJXKWCTUITO-UHFFFAOYSA-N vancomycin Natural products O1C(C(=C2)Cl)=CC=C2C(O)C(C(NC(C2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C=2C(O)=CC=C3C=2)C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)C3NC(=O)C2NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC)C(O)C(C=C3Cl)=CC=C3OC3=CC2=CC1=C3OC1OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C1OC1CC(C)(N)C(O)C(C)O1 MYPYJXKWCTUITO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYPYJXKWCTUITO-LYRMYLQWSA-O vancomycin(1+) Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=C2C=C3C=C1OC1=CC=C(C=C1Cl)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](C3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C=3C(O)=CC=C1C=3)C([O-])=O)=O)[C@H](O)C1=CC=C(C(=C1)Cl)O2)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)[NH2+]C)[C@H]1C[C@](C)([NH3+])[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 MYPYJXKWCTUITO-LYRMYLQWSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003176 water-insoluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003952 β-lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Description
'& ‘ . Co A
TOPICAL TREATMENT FOR PREVENTION OF OCULAR INFECTIONS
1. Cross-reference to Related Application
This application is a continuation-in-part of Application Serial No. 09/394,617, which was filed September 13, 1999. 2. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for treating or preventing infections in the eye and to compositions useful therein. ; 3. Description of the Related Arts
The eye is susceptible to bacterial and parasitic infections arising from both traumatic and non-traumatic related events. Infections are a concern after ocular surgery and precautions are correspondingly taken to prevent the onset of infection. However, even without the invasive trauma of a surgical procedure, infections in the eye lids, conjunctiva, cornea, and other ocular tissues can arise.
Treating infections in ocular tissues can be challenging and/or problematic because of the difficulty in delivering an antibiotic to the affected tissue. In general, ocular ) infections are treated by local injection, systemic administration, or topical application of an antibiotic. The route of administration depends on the antibiotic selected, the location ) of the infection and the type of infection.
The simple and direct approach of topically applying the antibiotic to the exterior of the eye has several benefits, including the avoidance of side effects and the reduced chance of developing resistant strains of bacteria as compared to systemic administration.
However, for a variety of reasons, many antibiotics are not amenable or suitable for topical application to the eye.
For example, in order for a topical application to be effective, the antibiotic must be able to penetrate the desired tissue. This may include penetrating the conjunctiva and the cornea. Also, the penetration rate must be sufficient to impart an effective dose. Many drugs do not possess a requisite penetration ability with regard to the tissues of the eye. It should be noted that the external layers of the eye are quite different from the tissues encountered in the stomach and intestinal tract. Thus, while a certain drug may be readily absorbed in the intestines and introduced into the blood supply for systemic 1
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
administration, the same drug may be incapable of being absorbed by, or of passing through, the substantially avascular outer layers of the conjunctiva or cornea at a minimally acceptable therapeutic concentration. The mechanism of transport or uptake of the drug is entirely different for topical administration than for oral administration.
Another concern is that the antibiotic will be toxic to the eye. A toxic response includes redness, swelling and/or discharge. Toxicity is especially problematic for topical administration because it is a concentration dependent phenomenon. The concentration ratio between tear fluid and ocular tissue in topical administration is generally in the range of about 1:500 to 1:1000, due to the penetration gradient. Thus, while a drug may be non- toxic at the minimum effective concentration, the S00% to 1000% increase in concentration associated with topical administration may well induce a toxic response.
Again, the fact that oral or systemic administration shows the drug to be compatible with ocular tissue does not predict or address the toxicity issue associated with topical administration.
A further potential unsuitability of an antibiotic is the practicality of topical administration by the patient. Assuming that sufficiently high concentrations of the antibiotic can be used to achieve an effective dose within the target tissue without a toxic : response, the application may nonetheless be irritating. An irritation response includes temporary burning, stinging and/or watering of the eye. Beyond whether the increased - watering of the eyes washes away so much of the antibiotic composition that an effective dose is prevented, the patient may simply be resistant to complying with the dosage regimen because of the irritation. By failing to comply with the dosing regimen, the treatment efficacy is reduced or eliminated.
Some antibiotics have been found to sufficiently meet the above requirements so as to be applicable to topical administration. Examples of antibiotics that are reported to be useful in ocular topical administration include tobramycin, gentamycin, fluoroquinolone derivatives including norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, naphthyridine, tetracyclines, and erythromycin. However, in view of the rise in resistant strains of bacteria, it would be desirable to find additional antibiotics that can be topically applied to the eye. It would be further desirable to provide an ophthalmic topical formulation that is effective against gram-positive aerobic bacteria as well as anaerobic organisms. 2
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
The present invention relates to a process for treating an eye that comprises topically applying an oxazolidinone antibiotic to an eye in an amount effective to treat or prevent infection in a tissue of the eye. Applicant has discovered that oxazolidinone antibiotics, which are class of known oral antibiotics, are suitable for topical administration to the eye. Preferably the oxazolidinone antibiotic is a phenyloxazolidinone, more preferably an oxazinc or thiazine phenyloxazolidinone.
The invention also relates to a topical ophthalmic composition containing an oxazolidinone antibiotic. In one embodiment, the ophthalmic composition is a sustained release composition comprised of an aqueous suspension of the oxazolidinone antibiotic and a polymer suspending agent.
The present invention includes and provides an aqueous polymeric suspension comprising water, 0.05% to 5.0% of an oxazolidinone antibiotic, and 0.1 to 10% of a polymeric suspending agent, wherein said polymeric suspending agent comprises a water- swellable water-insoluble crosslinked carboxy-vinyl polymer.
The present invention includes and provides a composition comprising water, a polymeric suspending agent, and a compound of formula I'V.
The present invention includes and provides a composition comprising water, an oxizolidinone, a polymeric suspending agent, and a solubility enhancer.
“Oxazolidinone antibiotic” as used herein means a compound having an oxazolidinone nucleus that exhibits antimicrobial activity. Typically the compound nucleus is substituted as shown in the following structure fragment: 0 0-0 — "
NH
The phenyl ring can be substituted by a variety of groups as is well known in the oxazolidinone antibiotic art and can form a fused ring with the substituents and/or the oxazolidinone ring itself. The carbonyl moiety is bonded to one of a number of well 3
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
EEE known terminal groups. An “phenyloxazolidinone” means a oxazolidinone ring with a phenyl group bonded to the ring nitrogen as shown in the above fragment, with or without the amidemethylene substituent.
More specifically, the oxazolidinone antibiotics used in the present invention can generally be represented by the following formulas I and II and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof: " lo}
Re A
N 0} I
J
R* Yom NH-C—R!
YT 1 . (a x II y' N [o] i
NH-C—R wherein:
R'is selected from the group consisting of (1) -H, (2) NHj, (3) C;-Cs alkylamine, (4) C;-
Cs dialkylamine, (5) C;-Cs alkoxy, (6) C:-C;, alkyl optionally substituted with 1-3 CJ, (7) C5-Cy; cycloalkyl, (8) Cs-C;; alkenyl containing one double bond, (9) C;-Cs acyloxy, (10) O-CH’-phenyl, (11) phenyl optionally substituted with 1-3 -OH, -OCHj, -
OC,Hs, -NO,, -F, -Cl, -Br, -COOH and SO;H, -NR! HR"); where R'! and R'? are the same or different and are —-H, C;-Cs alkyl, (12) furanyl, (13) tetrahydrofuranyl, (14) 2-thiophene, (15) pyrrolidinyl, (16) pyridinyl, (17) -OR"?, where R'? is C;-C4 alkyl, (18) -NH,, (19) -NHR™, 4
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
where R'™ is C,-Cs alkyl or phenyl, (20) -NR'“R'?, where R'? is C;-C3 alkyl and R'* is as defined above, and where R'* and R"™ can be taken together with the attached nitrogen atom to form a saturated mono-nitrogen
Cs-Cs heterocyclic ring including O, (21) CH,-OH, and (22) CH,-OR"®, where R'® is C,-Cy alkyl, or CO-R'” is C,-C; alkyl or -phenyl;
R? and R* are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of (1) H, (2) -OH, (3) halogen, (4) CF;, (5) OCH; provided that only one of R? or R*is —H, and (6) 0-CO-R™, where R*! is C,-C; alkyl or —phenyl;
R? is selected from the group consisting of (1) H, (2) halogen, (3) -O-CHj, (4) -O-C;Hs, (5) piperdine, (6) 4-hydroxypyridine, (7) piperazine, unsubstituted or substituted with
Q where Q is a 5, 6-, 7- or 8-membered heterocyclic ring of the general formula -
C*H=CH-CH=Z-Y*=W* where the atoms or symbols representing an atom marked with an asterisk (*) are bonded to each other resulting in the formation of a ring where one of Z, Y? and W is -N= and the others are C=, unsubstituted or : substituted with substituents selected from the group consisting of H, -C,-C4 alkyl, -NO,, -NH,, -NH-CO-[C,-C; alkyl], -CN, -COOH, -O-[C,-C4 alkyl], halogen and N-oxides thereof; or Q is C;-C,4 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with substituents selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, benzyl, phenyl, pyridyl, acetyl, difluoroacetyl, hydroxyacetyl, benzoyl, methoxy carbonyl, ethoxy carbonyl, 2-chloroethoxy carbonyl, 2-hydroxyethoxy carbonyl, 2-benzyloxyethyoxy carbonyl, 2- methoxyethoxy carbonyl, 2,2,2-trifluroethoxy carbonyl, cyanomethyl, 2- cyanoethyl, carbomethoxymethyl, 2-carbomethoxyethyl, 2-fluoroethoxy carbonyl, benzyloxy carbonyl, tertiary-butoxy carbonyl, methyl sulfonyl, phenyl sulfonyl, or paratoluenesulfonyl, (8) phenyl, (9) pyridyl, (10) pyrazidyl, (11) pyridazinyl, (12) pyrimidinyl, (13) 1,2,3- triazinyl, (14) 1,2,4-triazinyl, (15) 1,2,5-triazinyl, (16) quinolinyl, (17) isoquinoliny],
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
(18) quinoxalinyl, (19) quinazolinyl, (20) phthalazinyl, (21) cinnolinyl, (22) naphthylpyridinyl, (23) indolyl having nitrogen optionally substituted with R*!", (24) pyrrolopyridinyl having the saturated nitrogen substituted with R*"", (25) furanopyridinyl, (26) thienopyridinyl, (27) benzothiazolyl, (28) benzoxazolyl, (29) imidazolyl having the saturated nitrogen substituted with R*'”, (30) pyrazolyl having the saturated nitrogen substituted with R*""!, (31) thiazolyl, (32) isothiazolyl, (33) oxazolyl, (34) isoxazolyl, (35) pyrrolyl having nitrogen substituted with R*'", (36) furanyl, (37) thiophenyl wherein substituents 1-37 are optionally substituted with U and
V, (38) 1,2,3-triazolyl, (39) 1,2,4-triazolyl having the saturated nitrogen substituted with R!! where R*! is H, C,-C, alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogens,
C;3-Cs cycloalkyl, or C(O)R*'?, where R*' is -H, C;-C, alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogens, or phenyl unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogens; wherein 1,2,3-triazolyl and 1,2,4-triazolyl are unsubstituted or substituted with U; each occurrence of V is independently selected from substituents selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, R*", OR*’; - where R*! is -H or C,-C, alkyl or NO; each occurrence of U is independently selected from the group consisting of (1) H, . (2) C,-Cg alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected -- from the group consisting of halogens, -OH, =O other than at alpha position,
S(O)R*?, where R*? is C,-C, alkyl or C3-Cs cycloalkyl and NR**R3#, where R*? and R** are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of H, C,-Cy alkyl, C;-C; cycloalkyl, -(CH,),CHOR*?, and (CH,).NR**R*7, or where R*? and R** taken together are selected from the group consisting of (CH;)O(CH;), (CH,)CH(CO)R*8, and (CH,)N(R* (CHa), where R*? is H, or C;-C, alkyl, or R*® and R*” are the same or different : and are H, or C;-C, alkyl or taken together are (CH,);; (3) C-Cs alkenyl, (4) C3-C;z cycloalkyl, (5) OR>3 where R* is as defined above, (6) -CN, (7) S-(O)n-R** 6
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
where R** is C,-C,4 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogens, OH, CN, NR* ’R** where R*? and R** are as defined above, and CO,R*? where R*? is as defined above, C,-C; alkenyl, NR¥@R™, where R*? is H, C,-C, alkyl, or C3-Cg cycloalkyl and R*"? is ~H, C,-Cs4 alkyl, C;-C, alkenyl, C3-C,4 cycloalkyl, -OR*?, or NR**R*7, where R* 3 R*% and R*7 are as defined above; Nj, NHC(O)R*!!: where R*!! is C;-C, alkyl optionally substituted with one or more halogens, (8) -S(0),N=S(O)R*™R*"’, where R*™* and R*' are the same or different and are C,-C; alkyl or taken together are (CHy)q-, (9)-S-C(O)-R**! where R*!! is as defined above; (10) tetrazoyl, (11) NR>*R** where R*? and R>* are as defined above, (12) N(R**)COR>!! where R*? and R* '! are as defined above; (13) -N(R**)-S-(0),R*"! where R** and R*!! are as defined above, (14) -CONR*3R**# where R*>> and R** are as defined above, (15) -C(O)R™"® where R* is —H, C,-C; alkyl optionally substituted with -OR*?, -OC(O)R*?,
NR**R™, $(0),R*"", C3-Cg cycloalkyl, or C,-Cs alkenyl optionally : substituted with CHO or ~CO,R**, where R*3, R** and R*? are as defined above and where R*" is C;-C, alkyl or C3-Cs cycloalkyl, (16) -C(=NR*'*)R*"'® where R*'® is as defined above and where R>% js -NR**R>**, -OR*? or NHC(O)R>*® where R*® and R** are as defined above, (17) CR*(OR*'?)OR >? where R*"'% is as defined above and R>'® and R**° are the same or different and are C;-C, alkyl or taken together are -(CHy);-, (18) -CNR*R*?) (ROR), (19) -COR*)R*)R*), (20) -C(O-C(OR™
RMR), (21) -COR™)(CH)-NRZPR™)(R™)), (22) -CNR*R™)H(R” 16) R39), 4
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
where R*?, R**, R*®, and R*' are as defined above and where R*?! is R** or ~NR**R*® where R** and R** are as defined above; with the proviso that at least one of the R%, R* and R* is H,
X' is selected from the group consisting of NR'*, CR'*R", S, SO, SO, or O;
RY is selected from the group consisting of (1) -H, (2) C3-Cs alkyl, (3) -(CH;),-Aryl, (4) (CHa)y-C(=0)-R™", (5)-C(=0)-R"*" (6) -C(=0)-(CHa)-C(=O)R*", (7) SO»-
R'*?, (8) (C=0)-Het, (9) 2-pyridyl, (10) 2-pyrimidinyl, (11) 3-pyridazinyl or (12) 2- quinolyl; where R"*! is selected from the group consisting of -H, C;-Cg alkyl, Aryl, (CHy),-
Aryl, or ~(CH,),-OR"*?%; where R12 is selected from the group consisting of -H, C,-Cs alkyl, Aryl, (CHa)p-Aryl, or ~C(=0)-C;-Cs alkyl; where R'*? is C;-Cg alkyl, or Aryl;
Aryl is phenyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C;-Cg alkyl, C,-C,4 alkoxy, C;-C4 : alkylthio, -OH, -NH,, SH, -NO, or —-0-C(=0)-OCHj;
Het is a 5-, 6-, 8-, 9-, or 10-membered heteroaromatic moiety having one or more . atoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S;
R'® and R'7 are each and independently selected from the group consisting of (1) =H, (2) C1-Cs alkyl, (3) C,-C; alkoxy, (4) C;-Cg alkylthio, (5) -(CH;),-OR'5",(6) NR'® ’R"72, (7) -N=CH-NR'*R"3, (8) -C(=0)-NR'*?’R'"2, (9) (CH,)s-C(=0)-R"**, and (10) (CHz)-Q', -(CH)u-W'; where R'®" is —H, C;-Cs alkyl, -(CHz),-OR'®?, -(CH,),-C(=0)-R'**, -C(=0)- (CH2),-OR'®3, or tosyl; where R'*? and R'"? are each and independently selected from the group consisting of —H, C;-Cs alkyl, -(CH,),-OR!®3, -C(=0)-R'¢*, -C(=0)-NR'*R'™ 3, -(CHa)-Ary), and Het; where R$? and R?* are each and independently selected from the group consisting of -H, C;-C¢ alkyl or methoxymethyl; where R'®? and R'"? are each and independently selected from the group consisting of =H, C;-Cs alkyl, -C(=0)-R'**, and (CH,),-Aryl; 8
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
where R'®* is selected from the group consisting of —H, -OH, C;-Cs alkyl, C,-Cs alkoxy, -O-CH,-O-C(=0)-R'®* and -(CH,),-C(=0)-OR'¢>;
Q' is a saturated 5-membered heterocyclic moiety having 1-2 atoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S;
W' is a saturated 6-membered heterocyclic moiety having 1-2 atoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S; or where R'® and R" taken together are =O, =NR'"*, =S, =CR!**R"?3 or Qh where R'"* is selected from the group consisting of ~OR'®", C,-Cs alkyl, C;-Cs alkoxy, and —(CH,),-Aryl;
Y'isHor halogen;
Ym: Yis CR" and misO, 1, or 2, when m is 0, the Y moiety is not present, and therefore there is no central ring in formula I (i.e., the dotted line in formula I represents no bond); when mis 1, Y forms a tricyclic-fused S-membered ring with carbon 3 of the oxazolidinone ring, and R’ is either one or two moieties, when R’ is two moieties comprising R’" and R’*, each is bound to the same : carbon in the tricyclic-fused 5-membered ring, which in turn is bound to carbon 3 of the oxazolidinone ring (i.e., the dotted line in formula lis a - single bond), andR’™! and R"~? are each independently H, C;-C; alkyl, CI,
Br, OH, or I; when R’ is one moiety, either: there is a double bond between the carbon atom to which R is attached and carbon 3 of the oxazolidinone ring (i.e., the dotted line in formula I is a double bond), or there is a single bond between the carbon atom to which R’ is attached and carbon 3 of the oxazolidinone ring (i.e., the dotted line in formula I is a single bond), and R” is —-C(=0)H; and when mis 2, Y,, is CR'CR®, which forms a tricyclic-fused 6-membered ring with carbon 3 of the oxazolidinone ring, and R’ and R® are each either one or two moieties, 9
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
v “wo 01/19366 PCT/US00/24914 when R7 and R? are both one moiety, a double bond is formed between the carbon atoms that comprise Y to which they are attached, and R’ and R® are both H, when R” and R?® are both two moieties, R’ comprisesR’" and R72, where one of R” and R’? is H and the other is H, OH, or OC(=O)R’~, where R”” is
C,-C; alkyl or phenyl, optionally substituted with 1 or 2 F, Cl, OH, or
OCH3, and R® comprises R*! and R®*?, where one of R®' and R®”? is H and the other 1s H, OH, or OC(=0)R%?, where R®3 is C,-C; alkyl or phenyl, optionally substituted with 1 or 2 F, Cl, OH, or OCH;.
Z'is-0, -N, -S, -80,, SO, NR'®, -SNR*", or S(O)NR*”, where R'® is selected from the group consisting of —H, C,-C alkyl, -C(=0)-R'*", -
C(=0)-OR'*! and C(=0)-(CH;),-C(=O)R'*", where R'*" is H, C,-Cs alkyl, -(CHz)p-Aryl, or {CHy),-OR'*%; where RZ is _H, C,-Cs alkyl, or (CH,),-Aryl; where R* is independently —H, C,-C; alkyl (optionally substituted with —Cl, -F, -OH,
C;-C4 alkoxy, NH;, C;-Cg alkylamine or C,-Cg dialklylamine), —p-toluenesulfonyl,
CR’R') where R’ and R" are each and independently -H, -C,-Cg alkyl, -C;-C alkoxy, -C;-Cs alkylthio, -(CHz)n-OR’*', -O-(CH2)m-OR’', NR*¥R*, -N=CH-NR*R*, -C(=0)- . NR¥R%, -C(=0)-NR*’R% or -(CHz)n-C(=A")-R*!, or they may combine together to form =O, =NR*, =S, CR*R*, or an optionally substituted, unsaturated or saturated 5- or 6-membered hetero ring having 1-3 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom;
R* is -H, -(CH?)»-OH, C,-Cs alkyl, C,-Cj alkoxy, -O-CH,-0-C(=0)-R"!, or — (CH) C(=0)-OR; where R'' is =H, -H, C;-Cs alkyl, methoxymethyl,
R* and R™ are each and independently —H, -(CHp)o-OR"., C;-C; alkyl, -C(=0)-
RY, C(=0)-NR"'R", -(CH;),-phenyl, thiazol-2-yl, or they may combine together to form a pyrrolidino group, a piperidino group, a piperazino group, a morpholino group, or a thiomorphinolino group, each of may be substituted by
C,-C4 alkyl or (CH;),,-OH; where R'' and R'? are each independently —H, C;-C; alkyl, methoxymethyl,
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
R43 is -H, -OR’!, C,-C; alkyl, C,-Cs alkoxy, -(CH,),-phenyl, -NR*R*?, -NH-
C(=NH)-NH,, [1,2,4]triazol-4-yl, or cyano;
R* and R™ are each and independently -H, C;-Cs-alkyl, -C(=0)-R*', or ~(CH,),- phenyl;
R'is -H, C;-Csg alkyl, C;-Cg alkyl substituted by one or more hydroxy, C,-Cq alkenyl, C;-Cg halogenoalkyl, -(CHy)m-OR"!, «(CH;)m-C(=0)-Ry;, -C(=0)- (CH,)m-OR™ or tosyl;
R® optionally is COOR’? where R®*? is ~C(0)-R’?, -PO; or -P(O)(OH),; where R*? is
C1-Cs alkyl, -N(R’*),, C,-Cs alkyl-N(R®*),, -phenyl-N(R**),, -phenyl-
NHC(O)CH;NH,, -C,Hy4-, morpholinyl, pyridinyl, C,-C¢ alkyl-OH, C,-Cg alkyl-
OCHj;, C;-Ce alkyl-C(O)CHs;, -O-C,-Cg alkyl-OCHj3;, C,-C5 alkyl-piperazinyl (optionally substituted with C;-C3 alkyl), imidazolyl, C;-Cs alkyl-COOH, -
C(CH,OH),CHj, where R** is —H or C;-Cg alkyl; -(CH,),-R®® where R* is —H, -
CH;, CH,CH,;, isopropyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, pyridyl, acetyl, difluoroacetyl, hydroxyacetyl, benzoyl, methoxy carbonyl, ethoxy carbonyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy carbonyl, cyanomethyl, 2-cyanoethyl, carbomethoxymethyl, 2- carbomethoxyethyl, 2-fluoroethoxy carbonyl, benzyloxy carbonyl, tertary-butoxy carbonyl, methyl sulfonyl, phenyl sulfonyl, or paratoluenesulfonyl;
R’ optionally is a five membered heterocyclic ring (azoyl) of the general form
C*H=N-D-B-A*- where the atoms or symbols representing an atom marked with ' an asterisk (*) are bonded to each other resulting in the formation of a ring, wherein A, B, and D are independently oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or carbon, in all cases the piperazine nitrogen is attached to the carbon atom of the carbon-nitrogen double bond;
A' is oxygen atom or ethyleneketal; 1’s are each and independently 0 or 1; j’s are each and independently 2 or 3; k’s are each and independently 1 or 2; m’s are each and independently 0, 1,or 2; n’s are each and independently 0, 1, or 2; p’s are each and independently 1, 2, 3 or 4; q’s are each and independently 3, 4, or 5; 11
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
t’s are each and independently 1, 2, or 3.
In one aspect of the present invention, the oxazolidinone antibiotic is a compound of the formula III:
R* RY > I ” OS Im a — 0
RE R* NH?
X is O, S, SO, SO,SNR¥ or S(O)NR*
Ris hydrogen, C;-Cs alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of the following: F, Cl, hydroxy, C,-Cs alkoxy, C,-Cg acyloxy or —O-CH,-phenyl; C,-Cs cycloalkyl, amino, C,-Cjs alkyamino, C,-Cg dialkylamino or C;-C; alkoxy;
R* is H; CH;, CN, CO;H, CO,R, or (CH;)=R* except when X is not O then R* is H;
R?? and R? are each and independently H, F, or Cl;
R¥isH except when X is O and R* is CH; then R® can be H or CH?
R* is independently H, C;-C, alkyl (unsubstituted or substituted with chloro, fluoro, hydroxy, C,-C;z alkoxy, amino, C,-Cs alkylamino, or C,-C; dialkyamino) or p- toluenesulfonyl;
R*! is hydrogen, OH, OR?', OCOR”, NH;, NHCOR?' or N(R**); and m is 0, 1 or 2.
The compounds of formula III are described in U.S Patents 5,688,792 and 5,880,118. These compounds are preferred, in part, because of their efficacy against multiply-resistant staphylococci and their low minimum inhibitory concentration values.
Oxazolidinone antibiotics and their synthesis are well known in the art. Examples of oxazolidinone antibiotics and specific synthesis schemes can be found in the following
U.S. Patents: 5,929,248, 5,922,707, 5,880,118, 5,837,870, 5,801,246, 5,756,732, 5,736,545, 5,700,799, 5,652,238, 5,688,792, 5,668,286, 5,654,435, 5,654,428, 5,565,571, 5,547,950, 5,247,090, 5,231,188, 4,977,173, 4,948,801, 4,461,773, and 4,340,606, the entire contents of each patent being incorporated herein by reference. A particularly preferred oxazolidinone is a compound of formula IV: 12
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
0) /\ A o) \__/ .C.
F Iv
It has now been discovered that oxazolidinone antibiotics in general and the compounds of formulas III and IV in particular are amenable to topical administration on the eye. The oxazolidinone antibiotic can be supplied to the eye surface in a variety of ways, including as an aqueous ophthalmic solution or suspension, as an ophthalmic ointment, and as an ocular insert, but application is not limited thereto. Any technique and ocular dosage form that supplies an oxazolidinone antibiotic to the external eye surface is included within the notion of “topically applying.” Although the external surface of the eye is typically the outer layer of the conjunctiva, it is possible that the sclera, cornea or other ocular tissue could be exposed such as by rotation of the eye or by surgical procedure and thus be an external surface.
The amount of oxazolidinone antibiotic topically supplied is effective to treat or prevent infection in a tissue of the eye. This means that the conditions of application result in a retarding or suppression of the infection. Typically at least about MICs for the targeted bacteria or parasite is delivered to the ocular tissue by the topical application of an effective amount. More concretely, the concentration within the ocular tissue is desired to be at least about 0.25 ug/g, preferably at least 1 ug/g, and more preferably about 10-50 ug/g. Generally, tissue concentrations that exceed about 50 pg/g, especially greater than 100 ng/g, are nearing or within a toxic response range. The amount of oxazolidinone antibiotic actually supplied to the external eye surface will almost always be much higher than the tissue concentration. This reflects the penetration hold up of the oxazolidinone antibiotic by the outer tissue layers of the eye, the loss of antibiotic due to natural clearing processes and that penetration is to some extent concentration driven. Thus, supplying greater amounts to the exterior will drive more antibiotic into the tissues.
The topical application of an oxazolidinone antibiotic can be used to treat or prevent a variety of conditions associated with ocular infection. For example, conditions of the lids including blepharitis, blepharconjunctivitis, meibomianitis, acute or chronic hordeolum, chalazion, dacryocystitis, dacryoadenities, and acne rosacea; conditions of the 13
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
conjunctiva including conjunctivitis, ophthalmia neonatorum, and trachoma; conditions of the cornea including comeal ulcers, superficial and interstitial keratitis, keratoconjunctivitis, foreign bodies, and post operative infections; and conditions of the anterior chamber and uvea including endophthalmitis, infectious uveitis, and post operative infections, are a few of the tissues and conditions that can be treated by topical application of an oxazolidinone antibiotic. The prevention of infection includes pre- operative treatment prior to surgery as well as other suspected infectious conditions or contact. Examples of prophylaxis situations include treatment prior to surgical procedures such as blepharoplasty, removal of chalazia, tarsorrhapy, procedures for the canualiculi and lacrimal drainage system and other operative procedures involving the lids and lacrimal apparatus; conjunctival surgery including removal of ptyregia, pingueculae and tumors, conjunctival transplantation, traumatic lesions such as cuts, burns and abrasions, and conjunctival flaps; comeal surgery including removal of foreign bodies, keratotomy, and corneal transplants; refractive surgery including photorefractive procedures; glaucoma surgery including filtering blebs; paracentesis of the anterior chamber; iridectomy; cataract surgery; retinal surgery; and procedures involving the extra-ocular muscles. The prevention of ophthalmia neonatorum is also included. : More generally, the oxazolidinone antibiotics can be used to treat or prevent ocular infections caused by a variety of bacteria or parasites, including but not limited to one or . more of the following organisms: Staphylococcus including Staphylococcus aureus and
Staphylococcus epidermidis; Streptococcus including Streptococcus pneumoniae and
Streptococcus pyogenes as well as Streptococci of Groups C, F, and G and Viridans group of Streptococci; Haemophilus influenza including biotype III (H. Aegyptius); Haemophilus ducreyi; Moraxella catarrhalis; Neisseria including Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis, Chlamydia including Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia psittaci, and
Chlamydia pneumoniae; Mycobacterium including Mycobacterium tuberculosis and
Mycobacterium avium-intracellular complex as well as atypical mycobacterium including
M. marinum, M. fortuitm, and M. chelonae; Bordetella pertussis; Campylobacter jejuni;
Legionella pneumophila; Bacteroides bivius; Clostridium perfringens; Peptostreptococcus species; Borrelia burgdorferi; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Treponema pallidum;
Ureaplasma urealyticum; toxoplasma; malaria; and nosema.
The oxazolidinone antibiotic is applied to the exterior surface of the eye, usually in an ophthalmically acceptable composition which comprises an ophthalmically acceptable 14
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
carrier and the oxazolidinone antibiotic. The “ophthalmically acceptable carrier” is used in a broad sense and includes any material or composition that can contain and release the oxazolidinone antibiotic and that is compatible with the eye. Typically the ophthalmically acceptable carrier 1s walter or an aqueous solution or suspension, but also includes oils such as those used to make ointments and polymer matrices such as used in ocular inserts.
Generally, oxazolidinone antibiotics are soluble in water. Accordingly, an aqueous solution of an oxazolidinone antibiotic can be formed and used for topical application. A polymeric suspending agent may also be used to provide sustained release of the antibiotic. The polymeric suspending agent may be insoluble, thereby forming a polymeric suspension, or soluble, in which case no polymeric suspension is formed.
Oxazolidinone can be present in suspension or solution, or both. One embodiment of the present invention is an aqueous composition comprising a soluble polymeric suspending agent in solution, with oxazolidinone in solution or suspension, or both. Ointments and solid dosage forms can also be used as delivery compositions as are well known in the art.
The concentration of oxazolidinone antibiotic present in the ophthalmic composition depends upon the dosage form, the release rate, the dosing regimen, and the location and type of infection. Generally speaking, the concentration is from about 0.01 to 5%, more typically 0.1 to 2%, for fluid compositions and 0.5 to 50% for solid dosage forms, however, the compositions are not limited thereto.
The fluid ophthalmic compositions of the present invention, including aqueous . solutions, ointments and suspensions, have a viscosity that is suited for the selected route of administration. A viscosity in the range of from about 1,000 to 30,000 centipoise is useful for a drop. About 30,000 to about 100,000 centipoise is an advantageous viscosity range for ophthalmic administration in ribbon form. The viscosity can be controlled in many ways known to the worker skilled in the art.
The ophthalmic compositions may contain one or more of the following: surfactants, adjuvants including additional medicaments, buffers, antioxidants, tonicity adjusters, preservatives, thickeners or viscosity modifiers, and the like. Additives in the formulations may desirably include sodium chloride, EDTA (disodium edetate), and/or
BAK (benzalkonium chloride), sorbic acid, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, chlorhexidine, glycerin, and sodium perborate. In a preferred embodiment, solutions can clude sodium chloride, EDTA (disodium edetate), and/or BAK (benzalkonium chloride),
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
sorbic acid, chlorhexidine, glycerin, and sodium perborate. In another preferred embodiment, ointments can include methyl paraben, propyl paraben, and chlorbutanol.
A further aspect of the present invention involves the above-mentioned use of additional medicaments in combination with the oxazolidinone antibiotic. A composition comprising an oxazolidinone antibiotic, an additional medicament, and an ophthalmically acceptable carrier can advantageously simplify administration and allow for treating or preventing multiple conditions or symptoms simultaneously. The “additional medicaments,” which can be present in any of the ophthalmic compositional forms described herein including fluid and solid forms, are pharmaceutically active compounds having efficacy in ocular application and which are compatible with an oxazolidinone antibiotic and with the eye. Typically, the additional medicaments include other antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, anesthetics, anti-inflammatory agents including steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, and anti-allergic agents. Examples of suitable medicaments include aminoglycosides such as amikacin, gentamycin, tobramycin, streptomycin, netilmycin, and kanamycin; macrolides like azithromycin and erythromycin; fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, trovafloxacin, lomefloxacin, levofloxacin, and enoxacin; sulfonamides; polymyxin; chloramphenicol; ‘ neomycin; paramomomycin; colistimethate; bacitracin; vancomycin; tetracyclines; rifampin and its derivatives (“rifampins™); cycloserine; beta-lactams; cephalosporins; . amphotericins; fluconazole; flucytosine; natamycin; miconazole; ketoconazole; corticosteroids; diclofenac; flurbiprofen; ketorolac; suprofen; comolyn; lodoxamide; : levocabastin; naphazoline; antazoline; and pheniramimane. These other medicaments are generally present in a pharmaceutically effective amount as is understood by workers of ordinary skill in the art. These amounts are generally within the range of from about 0.01 to 5%, more typically 0.1 to 2%, for fluid compositions and from 0.5 to 50% for solid dosage forms.
The aqueous ophthalmic compositions (solutions or suspensions) for use in the present invention use water which has no physiologically or ophthalmically harmful constituents. Typically purified or deionized water is used. The pH is adjusted by adding any physiologically and ophthalmically acceptable pH adjusting acids, bases or buffers to within the range of about 5.0to 8.5. Examples of acids include acetic, boric, citric, lactic, phosphoric, hydrochloric, and the like, and examples of bases include sodium hydroxide, sodium phosphate, sodium borate, sodium citrate, sodium acetate, sodium lactate, 16
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
tromethamine, THAM (trishydroxymethylamino-methane), and the like. Salts and buffers include citrate/dextrose, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride and mixtures of the aforementioned acids and bases.
The osmotic pressure (x) of the aqueous ophthalmic composition is generally from about 10 milliosmolar (mOsM) to about 400 mOsM, more preferably from 260 to 340 mOsM. If necessary, the osmotic pressure can be adjusted by using appropriate amounts of physiologically and ophthalmically acceptable salts or excipients. Sodium chloride is preferred to approximate physiologic fluid, and amounts of sodium chloride ranging from about 0.01% to about 1% by weight, and preferably from about 0.05% to about 0.45% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, are typically used. Equivalent amounts of one or more salts made up of cations such as potassium, ammonium and the like and anions such as chloride, citrate, ascorbate, borate, phosphate, bicarbonate, sulfate, thiosulfate, bisulfate, sodium bisulfate, ammonium sulfate, and the like can also be used in addition to or instead of sodium chloride to achieve osmolalities within the above-stated range. Similarly, a sugar such as mannitol, dextrose, sorbitol, glucose and the like can also be used to adjust osmolality.
A preferred form of the present invention provides achieving a sufficiently high tissue concentration with a minimum of doses so that a simple dosing regimen can be used : to treat or prevent bacterial or parasitic infections. To this end, a preferred technique involves forming or supplying a depot of oxazolidinone antibiotic in contact with the . external surface of the eye. A depot refers to a source of oxazolidinone antibiotic that is not rapidly removed by tears or other eye clearance mechanisms. This allows for continued, sustained high concentrations of oxazolidinone antibiotic to be present in the fluid on the external surface of the eye by a single application. In general, it is believed that absorption and penetration are dependent on both the dissolved drug concentration and the contact duration of the external tissue with the drug-containing fluid. As the drug is removed by clearance of the ocular fluid and/or absorption into the eye tissue, more drug is provided, e.g. dissolved, into the replenished ocular fluid from the depot.
A depot can take a variety of forms so long as the oxazolidinone antibiotic can be provided in sufficient concentration levels therein and is releasable therefrom and that the depot is not readily removed from the eye. A depot generally remains for at least about 30 minutes after administration, preferably at least 2 hours and more preferably at least 4 hours. The term “remains” means that neither the depot composition nor the 17
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
, “ oxazolidinone antibiotic is exhausted or cleared from the surface of the eye prior to the indicated time. In some embodiments, the depot can remain for up to eight hours or more.
Typical ophthalmic depot forms include aqueous polymeric suspensions, ointments, and solid inserts.
Ointments are well known ophthalmic compositions and are essentially an oil- based delivery vehicle. Typical ointments use a petroleum and/or lanolin base to which is added the active ingredient, usually as 0.1 to 2%, and excipients. Common bases include mineral oil, petrolatum and combinations thereof, but oil bases are not limited thereto. An ointment is usually applied as a ribbon onto the lower eye lid. The disadvantage of ointments is that they are difficult to administer, are messy, and uncomfortable/inconvenient to the patient; i.e. temporarily blurred vision is common.
Inserts are another well known ophthalmic dosage form and are comprised of a matrix containing the active ingredient. The matrix is typically a polymer and the active ingredient is generally dispersed therein or bonded to the polymer matrix. The active ingredient is slowly released from the matrix through dissolution or hydrolysis of the covalent bond, etc. In some embodiments, the polymer is bioerodible (soluble) and the dissolution rate thereof can control the release rate of the active ingredient dispersed ’ therein. In another form, the polymer matrix is a biodegradable polymer that breaks down such as by hydrolysis to thereby release the active ingredient bonded thereto or dispersed : therein. The matrix and active ingredient can be surrounded with a polymeric coating such as in the sandwich structure of matrix/matrix+active/matrix, to further control release as is well known in the art. The kinds of polymers suitable for use as a matrix are well known in the art. The oxazolidinone antibiotic can be dispersed into the matrix material or dispersed amongst the monomer composition used to make the matrix material prior to polymerization. The amount of oxazolidinone antibiotic is generally from about 0.1 to 50%, more typically about 2 to 20%. The insert can be placed, depending on the location and the mechanism used to hold the insert in position, by either the patient or the doctor and is generally located under the upper eye lid. A variety of shapes and anchoring configurations, if any, are well known in the art. Preferably a biodegradable or bioerodible polymer matrix is used so that the spent insert does not have to be removed.
As the biodegradable or bioerodible polymer is degraded, dissolved, or eroded, the trapped oxazolidinone antibiotic is released. Although inserts can provide long term release and 18
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
hence only a single application of the insert may be necessary, they are generally difficult to insert and are uncomfortable to the patient.
The preferred form is an aqueous polymeric suspension. Here, at least one of the oxazolidinone antibiotic or the polymeric suspending agent is suspended in an aqueous medium having the properties as described above. Typically the oxazolidinone antibiotic is in solution, although it is possible for the oxazolidinone antibiotic to be in suspension or both in solution and in suspension in significant amounts generally no less than 5% in either phase (weak to moderate water solubility and relatively high total concentrations).
The polymeric suspending agent is preferably a suspension (i.e. water insoluble and/or water swellable), although water soluble suspending agents are also suitable for use with a suspension of the oxazolidinone antibiotic. The suspending agent serves to provide stability to the composition and to increase the residence time of the dosage form on the eye. It can also enhance the sustained release of the drug in terms of both longer release times and a more uniform release curve.
Examples of polymeric suspending agents include dextrans, polyethylene glycols, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polysaccharide gels, Gelrite®, cellulosic polymers like hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and carboxy-containing polymers such as polymers or copolymers of acrylic acid, as well as other polymeric demulcents. A preferred polymeric ’ suspending agent is a water swellable, water insoluble polymer, especially a crosslinked carboxy-containing polymer. :
Crosslinked carboxy-containing polymers used in practicing this invention are, in general, well known in the art. In a preferred embodiment such polymers may be prepared from at least about 90% and preferably from about 95% to about 99.9% by weight, based on the total weight of monomers present, of one or more carboxy-containing monoethylenically unsaturated monomers (also occasionally referred to herein as carboxy- vinyl polymers). Acrylic acid is the preferred carboxy-containing monoethylenically unsaturated monomer, but other unsaturated, polymerizable carboxy-containing monomers, such as methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, B-methylacrylic acid (crotonic acid), cis-a-methylcrotonic acid (angelic acid), trans-a-methylcrotonic acid (tiglic acid), a- butylcrotonic acid, a-phenylacrylic acid, a-benzylacrylic acid, a-cyclohexylacrylic acid,
B-phenylacrylic acid (cinnamic acid), coumaric acid (o-hydroxycinnamic acid), umbellic acid (p-hydroxycoumaric acid), and the like can be used in addition to or instead of acrylic acid. 19
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
Such polymers may be crosslinked by a polyfunctional crosslinking agent, preferably a difunctional crosslinking agent. The amount of crosslinking should be sufficient to form insoluble polymer particles, but not so great as to unduly interfere with sustained release of the oxazolidinone antibiotic. Typically the polymers are only lightly crosslinked. Preferably the crosslinking agent is contained in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 5.0%, and more preferably from about 0.2% to about 1%, based on the total weight of monomers present. Included among such crosslinking agents are non-polyalkenyl polyether difunctional crosslinking monomers such as divinyl glycol; 2,3-dihydroxyhexa-1,5-diene; 2,5-dimethyl-1,5- hexadiene; divinylbenzene; N,N-diallylacrylamide; N,N-diallymethacrylamide and the like. Also included are polyalkenyl polyether crosslinking agents containing two or more alkenyl ether groupings per molecule, preferably alkenyl ether groupings containing terminal H;C=C< groups, prepared by etherifying a polyhydric alcohol containing at least four carbon atoms and at least three hydroxyl groups with an alkenyl halide such as allyl bromide or the like, e.g., polyallyl sucrose, polyallyl pentaerythritol, or the like; see, e.g.,
Brown U.S. Pat. No. 2,798,053, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Diolefinic non-hydrophilic macromeric crosslinking agents having molecular . weights of from about 400 to about 8,000, such as insoluble di- and polyacrylates and methacrylates of diols and polyols, diisocyanate-hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylate reaction products of isocyanate terminated prepolymers derived from polyester diols, polyether diols or polysiloxane diols with hydroxyalkylmethacrylates, and the like, can also be used as the crosslinking agents; see, e.g., Mueller et al. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,192,827 and 4,136,250, the entire contents of each Patent being incorporated herein by reference.
The crosslinked carboxy-vinyl polymers may be made from a carboxy-vinyl monomer or monomers as the sole monoethylenically unsaturated monomer present, together with a crosslinking agent or agents. Preferably the polymers are ones in which up to about 40%, and preferably from about 0% to about 20% by weight, of the carboxy- containing monoethylenically unsaturated monomer or monomers has been replaced by one or more non-carboxyl-containing monoethylenically unsaturated monomer or monomers containing only physiologically and ophthalmically innocuous substituents, including acrylic and methacrylic acid esters such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexylacrylate, octyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate, 3- hydroxypropylacrylate, and the like, vinyl acetate, N-vinylpyrrolidone, and the like; see
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
Claims (54)
1. An aqueous polymeric suspension comprising water, 0.05% to 5.0% of an oxazolidinone antibiotic, and 0.1 to 10% of a polymeric suspending agent, wherein said polymeric suspending agent comprises a water-swellable water-insoluble crosslinked carboxy-vinyl polymer.
2. The suspension of claim 1, wherein said suspension comprises 0.1% to
2.0% of said oxazolidinone antibiotic and 0.5% to 6.5% of said polymeric suspending agent.
3. The suspension of claim 1, wherein said polymeric suspending agent further comprises at least 90% acrylic acid monomers and 0.1% to 5% crosslinking agent.
4. The suspension of claim 3, wherein said crosslinking agent comprises a difunctional crosslinking agent.
5. The suspension of claim 4, wherein said crosslinking agent is selected from . the group consisting of divinyl glycol, 2,3-dihydroxyhexa-1,5-diene, 2,5-dimethyl-1,5- hexadiene, divinylbenzene, N,N-diallylacrylamide, N,N-diallylmethacrylamide, and mixtures thereof.
© 6. The suspension of claim 4, wherein said crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of 2,3-dihydroxyhexa-1,5-diene and 2,3-dimethylhexa-1,5-diene.
7. The suspension of claim 1, wherein said polymeric suspending agent further comprises a polycarbophil.
8. The suspension of claim 7, wherein said suspension comprises 0.5% to
1.0% of said polycarbophil.
9. The suspension of claim 1, further comprising an additional medicament.
10. The suspension of claim 9, wherein said additional medicament is selected from the group consisting of antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, anesthetics, anti- inflammatory agents, and anti-allergic agents. 28 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) }
11. The suspension of claim 10, wherein said additional medicament is about
0.01% to about 5.0% of said suspension.
12. The suspension of claim 1, wherein said polymeric suspending agent has a monodisperse particle size distribution.
13. An aqueous polymeric suspension comprising water, 0.05% to 5.0% of an oxazolidinone antibiotic, and 0.1 to 10% of a polymeric suspending agent, wherein said polymeric suspending agent comprises a polycarbophil.
14. The suspension of claim 13, wherein said suspension comprises 0.1% to
2.0% of said oxazolidinone antibiotic and 0.5% to 6.5% of said polycarbophil.
15. The suspension of claim 14, wherein said suspension comprises 0.6% to
0.8% of said polycarbophil.
16. The suspension of claim 13, wherein said polymeric suspending agent has a monodisperse particle size distribution.
17. The suspension of claim 13, further comprising an additional medicament.
18. The suspension of claim 17, wherein said additional medicament is selected from the group consisting of antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, anesthetics, anti- inflammatory agents, and anti-allergic agents.
19. The suspension of claim 18, wherein said additional medicament is about
0.01% to about 5.0% of said suspension.
20. The suspension of claim 13, further comprising 0.1% to 5% difunctional crosslinking agent.
21. The suspension of claim 20, wherein said crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of divinyl glycol, 2,3-dihydroxyhexa-1,5-diene, 2,5-dimethyl- 1,5-hexadiene, divinylbenzene, N,N-diallylacrylamide, N,N-diallylmethacrylamide, and mixtures thereof. 29 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
LIER
22. The suspension of claim 20, wherein said crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of 2,3-dihydroxyhexa-1,5-diene and 2,3-dimethylhexa-1,5- diene.
23. A composition comprising water, a polymeric suspending agent, and a compound of formula IV: 0 7 A Q Q N N O C \/ {neg F H
Iv.
24. The composition of claim 23, wherein said composition comprises 0.1 to
5.0% of said compound of formula IV.
25. The composition of claim 23, wherein said composition comprises 0.2 to
4.0% of said compound of formula IV.
26. The composition of claim 23, further comprising a difunctional crosslinking agent.
27. The composition of claim 26, wherein said crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of divinyl glycol, 2,3-dihydroxyhexa-1,5-diene, 2,5-dimethyl- 1,5-hexadiene, divinylbenzene, N,N-diallylacrylamide, N,N-diallylmethacrylamide, and mixtures thereof.
28. The composition of claim 27, wherein said crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of 2,3-dihydroxyhexa-1,5-diene and 2,3-dimethylhexa-1,5- diene.
29. The composition of claim 23, further comprising an additional medicament.
30. The composition of claim 29, wherein said additional medicament is selected from the group consisting of antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, anesthetics, anti- inflammatory agents, and anti-allergic agents. SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
31. The composition of claim 30, wherein said additional medicament comprises about 0.01% to about 5.0% of said composition.
32. The composition of claim 23, wherein said polymeric suspending agent has a monodisperse particle size distribution.
33. The composition of claim 23, wherein said polymeric suspending agent comprises a polycarbophil.
34. The composition of claim 33, wherein said composition comprises 0.5% to
6.5% of said polycarbophil.
35. The composition of claim 34, wherein said composition comprises 0.6% to
0.8% of said polycarbophil.
36. The composition of claim 23, wherein said polymeric suspending agent comprises a water-swellable, water-insoluble crosslinked carboxy-vinyl polymer.
37. The composition of claim 23, wherein said polymeric suspending agent comprises a cellulosic polymer.
38. The composition of claim 23, wherein said polymeric suspending agent comprises at least 90% acrylic acid monomers.
39. A composition comprising water, an oxazolidinone, a polymeric suspending agent, and a solubility enhancer.
40. The composition of claim 39, wherein said suspension comprises 0.1 to
5.0% of a compound of formula IV and wherein said solubility enhancer is a cyclodextrin: 0 /\ A Q 0) N N © C —/ (NCH; F H
Iv. 31 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
41. The composition of claim 40, wherein said composition comprises 0.2 to
4.0% of said compound of formula IV and 0.1% to 20% of said cyclodextrin, wherein said cyclodextrin is hydroxypropyl-B-cyclodextrin.
42. The composition of claim 40, further comprising a difunctional crosslinking agent.
43. The composition of claim 42, wherein said crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of divinyl glycol, 2,3-dihydroxyhexa-1,5-diene, 2,5-dimethyl- 1,5-hexadiene, divinylbenzene, N,N-diallylacrylamide, N,N-diallylmethacrylamide, and mixtures thereof.
44. The composition of claim 43, wherein said crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of 2,3-dihydroxyhexa-1,5-diene and 2,3-dimethylhexa-1,5- diene.
45. The composition of claim 40, further comprising an additional medicament.
46. The composition of claim 45, wherein said additional medicament is ‘ selected from the group consisting of antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, anesthetics, anti- inflammatory agents, and anti-allergic agents.
47. The composition of claim 46, wherein said additional medicament is about
0.01% to about 5.0% of said composition.
48. The composition of claim 40, wherein said polymeric suspending agent has a monodisperse particle size distribution.
49. The composition of claim 40, wherein said polymeric suspending agent comprises a cellulosic polymer.
50. The composition of claim 40, wherein said polymeric suspending agent comprises at least 90% acrylic acid monomers.
51. The composition of claim 39, wherein said solubility enhancer is ethoxylated castor oil. 32 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
52. The composition of claim 40, wherein said cyclodextrin is an a- cyclodextrin.
53. The composition of claim 40. wherein said cyclodextrin is a 3-cyclodextrin.
54. The composition of claim 40, wherein said cyclodextrin is a y-cyclodextrin. 33 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US39461799A | 1999-09-13 | 1999-09-13 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ZA200201957B true ZA200201957B (en) | 2003-03-10 |
Family
ID=27805348
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ZA200201957A ZA200201957B (en) | 1999-09-13 | 2002-03-08 | Topical treatment for prevention of ocular infections. |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
ZA (1) | ZA200201957B (en) |
-
2002
- 2002-03-08 ZA ZA200201957A patent/ZA200201957B/en unknown
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
AU772228B2 (en) | Topical treatment or prevention of ocular infections | |
US7056893B2 (en) | Topical treatment for prevention of ocular infections | |
AU2005202889B2 (en) | Topical treatment for prevention of ocular infections | |
AU2005280617B2 (en) | Topical otic compositions and methods of topical treatment or prevention of otic infections | |
ES2822279T3 (en) | Concentrated aqueous azalide formulations | |
US20080103103A1 (en) | Reagents and methods to treat ocular diseases and infection | |
EP1515729B1 (en) | Quaternised ammonium cyclodextrin compounds | |
ZA200201957B (en) | Topical treatment for prevention of ocular infections. | |
US20140274924A1 (en) | Concentrated aqueous azalide formulations | |
ZA200107454B (en) | Topical treatment or prevention of ocular infections. | |
EP4149427A1 (en) | Ophthalmic compositions comprising a combination of fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and an anti-inflammatory agent |