ZA200200801B - Tampon for feminine hygiene and process and apparatus for its production. - Google Patents

Description

PCT/EP00/06136

Tampon For Feminine Hygiene And Process

And Apparatus For Its Production

Cross-Reference To Related Applications

This application is related to the following copending applications: US Ser. No. 09/343,759; US Ser.

No. 09/345,090; US Ser. No. 09/345,089; US Ser. No. 09/343,760; US Ser. No. 09/345,088; US Ser. No. 60/141,688; and US Ser. No. 60/141,690; all filed on

June 30, 1999; US Ser. No. 09/606,958, filed on even date herewith, entitled “Sealing Roller And Sealing

Roller Element particularly For Producing A Tampon For

Feminine Hygiene And Method Therefor” (Attorney Docket

J&J-1914); and US Ser. No. 09/607,032, filed on even date herewith, entitled “Tampon Having Apertured Film

Cover Thermobonded to Fibrous Absorbent Structure” (Attorney Docket J&J-1825).

Field of the Invention

The invention relates to process for forming a tampon useful in feminine hygiene, the tampon itself, and an apparatus for its production.

Background of the Invention

A tampon disclosed in Friese, us Pat. No. 4,816,100 (DE 33 47 649 C2) comprises a section of specific length of a fleece web composed of a mixture of randomly oriented natural and artificial fibers and having a

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' ’ PCT/EP00/06136 width corresponding approximately to the length of the tampon, the fleece web essentially being wound up on itself to form a tampon blank which is provided with a withdrawal cord and which is pressed essentially radially into the final shape of the tampon.

In the case of the tampon described above, and alsc in the case of other tampons according to the prior art, the end region of the fleece web, from which the tampon is wound, has proven to be a problem point. In order to ensure the most uniform possible, cylindrical surface of the tampon, in particular in order to avoid a step in the thickness of the fleece web at the point at which one end of the fleece web ends on the outer surface of the tampon, it is known, for example from DE 33 47 649

C2, to weaken the fleece web at the separation points at which it has to be divided in order to form the tampon sections, this being done by its cross section being reduced. The fleece web is subsequently severed at the weak point formed in this way, as a result of which the randomly oriented natural and artificial fibers are torn apart in the region of the weak point and are also partially pulled out of the fibrous composite, so that the cross-section of the fleece web and, respectively, the fleece web decreases as uniformly as possible and 2s runs smoothly.

In consequence, as a rule a large number of individual fibers are located individually, and at least partially detached from the nonwoven fibrous composite,

N ' in the edge regions of the tampon sections. Following the cperations of winding and pressing, the edge fibers, which are essentially aligned longitudinally, have the tendency to counteract the shaping exerted by the winding and pressing. At the same time, the fibers have a characteristic similar to a “memory effect”, because of their stiffness.

This “memory effect” characteristic leads to those fibers which are in particular located in the edge region and are torn or exposed, being at least partially } aligned tangentially to the circumference of the tampon, which has a negative influence on the external structure of the tampon and at least leads to an increased loading and possibly even to damage to the liquid-permeable wrapping material wound around the tampon.

This effect is to be observed in particular in the case of very Stiff fibers, which exhibit an .increased "memory tendency” and as a result partly project outward through the sheathing forming the wrapping material.

There is the risk that such fibers lead to irritation of the user and/or leave the tampon assembly.

Summary of the Invention

The present invention is therefore based on the object of producing a tampon having an improved surface structure. This improved structure permits the gentle and smcoth insertion of the tampon into the body cavity and reduces the above-mentioned negative effects of the

* WoO 01/01908 PCT/EP00/06136

C4 - memory effect characteristic, in particular, of stiff fibers. At the same time, the absorbency, the absorption capacity and the expansion capacity of the tampon are not to be impaired, and in spite of these

S improvements, it should be possible to mass-produce the tampon maintaining a high quality of the tampon. It is therefore a further object of the invention to provide a process and an apparatus for producing such a tampon.

The tampon includes a section of a specific length - 10 of a nonwoven fibrous web section, a cover strip section thermally bonded to the one end of the nonwoven fibrous } web section, and a withdrawal string extending from the tampon. The ends of the nonwoven fibrous web section are defined by a reduced cross-section, and the terminal : edges of the ends being defined by alternating sections of cut fibers and extended fibers wherein the sections of the cut fibers amounts to at least about 70% of the width of the nonwoven fibrous web section. The cover strip section includes a liquid-permeable, at least partially thermoplastic material, and it extends beyond the one end of the nonwoven fibrous web section. The nonwoven fibrous web section is wound essentially upon itself to give a substantially round cylindrical tampon blank preform with the cover strip section extending beyond the one end of the nonwoven fibrous web section being thermally bonded to an overlapped portion of the cover strip section to maintain the tampon preform as a cylinder and wherein the cylindrical preform is radially pressed to form a substantially cylindrical compressed tampon.

An inventive process comprising the following steps can form the tampon. A continuous fibrous web is cut essentially over its width to form a fleece web segment connected to the continuous fibrous web through a plurality of uncut extensions; the fleece web segment is pulled away from the continuous fibrous web to tear the uncut extensions thereby forming an individual fleece web; the individual fleece web is formed inte a tampon blank; and the tampon blank is compressed to form the tampon.

Brief Description of the Drawing

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a cutting station according to the invention and a separated section of the fleece web for a tampon according to the invention, in a perspective view. : FIG. 2 shows a cross-section through a pair of cutting rolls, normal to their axis of rotation, of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, in the region of knife cutters.

FIG. 3 shows a cross-section, analogous to FIG. 2, through the cutting rolls of the embodiment shown in

FIG. 1 in the region of the discontinuous knife cutters.

FIG. 4 shows a wound-up section of an embodiment of a tampon according to the invention.

FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of a tampon according to the invention.

Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment

According to the invention, a continuous fibrous web is cut essentially over its width to form a fleece web segment connected to the continuous fibrous web through a plurality of uncut extensions. The fleece web is then pulled away from the continuous fibrous web to .0 tear the uncut extensions and to separate the fleece web segment. This provides a rather gradual diminution of. the amount of fibers at the end of the fleece web segment, and it makes possible an optimum adaptation of the longitudinal ends of the fleece web, and hence of the surface of the wound and pressed tampon. This may be considered both with regard to a uniform structure of the surface of the tampon and also with regard to the suppressing the action of a “memory effect” of the fibers located in the edge region of the fleece web.

The cut fibers are arranged without significantly orienting them during the cutting process, and any orientation of fibers in the uncut extensions is minimized. Thus, any “memory effect” tending to cause individual, relatively rigid fibers to extend out of the 2s fleece web does not occur. The fibers are held under control in the overall tampon blank and do not project from the outer surface of the essentially cylindrical tampon.

In addition, the number of exposed fibers and fibers partly pulled out of the fibrous composite is lower, because of the reduced tearing length over the overall width of the nonwoven section, so that any s . fibers that are pulled out of the fleece web segment that may, due to the “memory effect” load up on the wrapping material, are largely avoided. In addition, the force necessary to separate the individual fleece web segments from the continuous fibrous web is - considerably reduced as a result of the cutting action.

The force exerted on the individual fibers in the : direction out of the fibrous composite by the tearing operation is reduced, sc that the fibers are merely pulled out of the fibrous composite over a shorter distance.

The combination of cutting a substantial portion along the width of the continuous fibrous web and the tearing of the uncut extensions provides a thinning or weakening of the material in the end region of the section. Since individual fibers can also extend or be oriented in the direction of the cut or torn edges from the uncut extensions, it is possible that some of these fibers are distributed beyond the cut edge.

It is advantageous to alternate the cut portions and torn extensions, and preferably, the cut portions are arranged to account for at about least 70% of the width of the fibrous web. Preferably, the proportion of cut portions amounts to about 80% or 90% of the width.

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It is also preferred that the torn portions are distributed uniformly across the longitudinal ends of the fleece web. This achieves a gentle transition and a smooth and uniform surface of the tampon.

In a particularly preferred tampon, the section is additionally weakened at least at its outer longitudinal end wnich is implemented in particular by reducing the cross-section over portion of the fleece web near the cut end. This supports and further improves the uniform transition and the smooth surface of the tampon by providing a taper in the final winding of the tampon blank. : : In one embodiment of the tampon according to the invention, the longitudinal ends of the fleece web essentially form a right angle with a longitudinal axis of the fleece web, and hence, the continuous web. The fleece web therefore essentially has a rectangular shape. However, it is also possible for the longitudinal ends of the section to form an oblique angle with the longitudinal axis of the section. This oblique angle is preferably about 85° to about 89°. The section to be produced can therefore be adapted by choice to a specific tampon design.

Furthermore, such a parallelogram-shaped fleece web 2s has the advantage during production that during the cutting operation the pressure on the cutting devices can be lower, since the fleece web is not severed abruptly over its entire width, but it is cut in a : SR = shearing fashion, beginning at one longitudinal edge of the continuous fibrous web. A reduction of the pressure on the cutting devices generally also leads to lower : wear and a longer service life. Finally, an oblique

Ss ~ angle has the advantage that the outer terminating end of the fleece web is distributed over the cylindrical circumference of the tampon, which overall leads to a more uniform surface and therefore to the simplified insertion of the tampon into the body cavity.

In a preferred embodiment, the fibers of the fleece web have an irregular cross section, for example a multi-limbed cross-section. These fibers lead to an improved structure of the fleece web and to improved absorption or take-up properties, and therefore to an improved expansion characteristic of the tampon.

Examples of these fibers are described in EP 301 874 and are sold as DANUFIL VY fibers, available from Acordis,

Led. :

The irregular cross sections of the fibers of the fleece web also leads to increased stiffness of the fibers. So that, in particular in the case of such preferred fibers being used, the tampon according to the invention is more helpful.

The tampon preferably has, at one and of the fleece web, a wrapping material which is fastened by heat sealing, is made of liquid-permeable, at least partly thermoplastic material, which is wound around the absorbent material and is joined to the outside of the

PCT/EP00/06136 fleece web by heat sealing. This wrapping material surrounds the circumferential surface of the tampon, so that a tampon cover is formed. The wrapping material : and the fleece web are preferably joined to each other by thermally bonded joints arranged at intervals from one another. It is possible for these joints to have the shape of points and/or lines as described in commonly assigned, copending .US Ser. No. 09/607,032 : entitled "Tampon Having Apertured Film Cover i Thermobonded to Fibrous Absorbent Structure” (Attorney oo

Docket J&J-1925), the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference.

The wrapping material may comprise bicomponent fibers, fibers formed of at least two polymeric materials having a difference in melting points of 30°C or more. Preferred fibers have a polyester or polypropylene core and a sheath of polyethylene, preferably high density polyethylene (“HDPE”), which has a melting point lower than that of polyester and polypropylene.

The wrapping material may also comprise an apertured plastic film. Again, it is preferred that this material has at least two components with a melting point that differs by at least about 30°C. Examples of such films are disclosed in US Ser. Nos. 05/345,088 and 09/345,089, the disclosures of which are herein incorporated by reference.

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In the case of a thin plastic film, and in particular in the case of the use of the above-mentioned advantageous, stiff, fibers which are irregular in cross ) section. A tampon according to the invention is very helpful, since end fibers are able to penetrate the holes of the plastic film because of the “memory effect”, or they can be lifted off of the nonwoven material. This is reliably avoided by the structure of the tampon according to the invention. - A process similar to that of the present invention is disclosed in Friese, US Pat. No. 4,816,100, the : disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference.

However, the present invention incorporates cutting the : fleece web over essentially the entire width of the fleece web leaving a number of uncut extensions connecting the section to the continuous fleece web, and tearing apart the uncut extensions of successive fleece webs.

The process further alsc provides for weakening of the cross section at least of the rear end of a fleece web, which forms the outer end of the fleece web segment. This weakening of the fleece web end is carried cut over a longitudinal section, for example by exerting pressure on the fleece web in this region.

The cutting and the weakening may be carried out approximately at a right angle to the longitudinal axis of the fleece web. However, the cutting and/or the weakening are preferably carried out at an oblique angle to the longitudinal axis of the fleece web, preferably about 85° to about 89°. In particular when knife rolls are used, but also in the case of all other cutting : devices. The pressure on the cutting and weakening

Ss devices can be reduced by means of such a cutting and/or weakening direction, since the cutting and/or the weakening is carried out gradually and not simultaneously over the entire width of the fleece web.

As a result, the process is significantly simplified, and in addition the loading of the tools needed for the process is reduced and their service life is increased.

The apparatus according to the invention comprises a cutting station with a pair of cutting rolls, a knife roll with at least one knife, and a backing roll, the at least one knife being arranged on at least one portion of an outer surface of the knife roll and having, at least in part, discontinuities for the webs of the fleece webs.

Such a cutting station can be used in the apparatus described in Friese, US Pat. No. 4,816,100. In one preferred embodiment, the knife on the outer surface of the knife roll is arranged essentially along a generatrix of the knife roll. As a result, an essentially rectangular fleece web is produced for the tampon, as described above.

In another preferred embodiment, the knife is arranged on the outer surface of the knife roll but at an angle with respect to a generatrix (i.e., at an obligue angle to the longitudinal axis of the fleece web), to produce a fleece web segment in the form of a parallelogram, as described above. The angle formed by the knife with the generatrix is preferably between about 1° and about 5°.

In an advantageous refinement, the cutting station also comprises a weakening device. This weakening device is formed as a press jaw, integral with the cutting station, by a thickening of the knife base extending over the entire width, and also comprises a region of the backing roll. During the cutting operation, a pressure is exerted on the longitudinal - ends of the fleece web, which leads to a reduction in the cross section of the longitudinal ends. However, it 1s is also possible to arrange the weakening device separately, upstream or downstream of the cutting rolls or the cutting station. The cutter of the knife is interrupted over the width of the base, so that at these interruptions of the cutter, the webs joining the successive fleece webs are produced.

The cutting station according to the invention preferably also comprises transport rolls which are arranged upstream of the cutting rolls in the transverse direction of the fleece web. This ensures the uniform feeding of the fleece web into the cutting station.

It should be pointed out that the tearing apart of the sections can take place both directly following the cutting or weakening of the fleece web, that is to say

WR

PCT/EP00/06136 - 14 ~ directly following the cutting device according to the invention, but also - which is advantageous - only during the subsequent process sequence, since a fleece web which is still coherent is simpler to process than ~~ fleece webs which are already individual and have been separated.

FIG. 1 shown an embodiment of a cutting station 100 according to the invention. The cutting station 100 comprises, in the direction of motion X of a fleece web, a pair of transport rolls 151, 152 which feeds the fleece web uniformly in the direction of motion to cutting rolls 110, 120 arranged behind them.

The cutting rolls 110, 120 comprise a knife roll 110 and a backing roll 120. Fitted to the knife roll 110 i3 a knife 111, which extends essentially over the entire width of the outer surface of the knife roll 110, but at least over the entire width of a fleece web or of a section 20.of the latter. The knife 111 comprises a knife base, which is formed by a thickening as a press jaw 118, and a cutter region with cutters 116 and discontinuities 117, which are arranged alternately.

The structure of the knife 111 will be explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.

The backing roll 120 has a resilient outer surface, 2s which comes into engagement with the cutters 116 during each complete revolution and cuts through the fleece web in portions 26, while portions 25 are not cut so that extensions 21 are formed.

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PCT/EP00/06136

In Fig. 1 in order to illustrate the result to be achieved with the apparatus according to the invention, a section 20 of the fleece web which has already been separated is illustrated. However as a rule, the fleece web segments 20 gtill have not been torn apart even after they have passed through the cutting station 100 according to the invention so that there is a still coherent fleece web.

In the regions 25, the fleece web segments 20 has axtensions or webs 21 which consist of fibers 22 which nave not been cut through by the cutting rolls 110, 120 but are.only torn apart subsequently. Between the extensions 21 there are cut regions 26, in which the fleece webs 20 have been separated from one another by 1s the cutting rolls 110, 120. The longitudinal ends 27 essentially form a right angle with a longitudinal axis 25 of the section 20, if the knife 111 is arranged along a generatrix of the cutting roll,

Longitudinal ends 27° of the fleece web 20 are indicated by a dashed line, these ends deviating by an angle a of about 3° from the rectangular arrangement just described with respect to a generatrix of the knife roll 110. (The angle shown in Fig. 1 is illustrated significantly larger to make it clear.) The fleece web : 20 then essentially forms a parallelogram.

FIG. 2 shows a cross-section of the embodiment of the cutting rolls 110, 120 shown in FIG. 1 in the region of a cutter 116, the knife 111 of the knife roll 110 and

AMENDED SHEET an anvil 121 of the backing roll 120 being in engagement.

The knife 111 has a knife base which is thickened : and designed as a press jaw 115. This thickening, s together with the anvil 121, serves as a pressing device which compresses the fleece web in the vicinity of the cut as it passes through between the cutting rolls 110, 120, so that the and of the fleece web has a lower thickness. Suitable materials are the usual standard . 10 materials; in particular, the anvil 121 can be produced fact, slightly resilient material, into which the cutter i 116 can penetrate. In a departure from the exemplary embodiment described, the backing roll 120 may also be designed to be completely cylindrical. In this case, one of the two cutting rolls could be arranged to be displaceable to and fro in each case with respect to the other cutting roll in order to carry out the cut.

FIG. 3 shows a cross-section through the cutting rolls 110, 120 analogous to FIG 2, but at the level of a discontinuity 117 in the knife 111. In this region, the fleece web is not cut between the cutting rolls 110, 120 but is only compressed by the narrowed region between the cutting rolls 110, 120, its cross-section is reduced and as a result it is weakened. That region 25 of the fleece web segments 20 in which the extensions 21 are produced and which is shown in FIG. 1 runs through this region.

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PCT/EP00/06136

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the knife 111 consists of alternately arranged cutters 116 having a width of 5 mm and recesses with a width of 1 mm. As a : result, about 85% of the width of the fleece web is cut by the knife 111, the remaining 15% being subsequently torn. It is to be understood that the knife roll 110 can be designed with a number of knives 111 arranged at identical circumferential angles on its circumference, depending on its diameter. The length of the arc of the circumferential angle in each case corresponds to the length of a fleece web segment 20.

FIG. 4 shows a tampon blank 30 which is produced by winding up the section 20 as shown in FIG. 1. Also shown only schematically is the partly cut and partly torn longitudinal end 31, narrowed in Cross section, of the fleece web 20, which is provided with the webs 21 distributed uniformly in the longitudinal direction of the tampon blank 30, these webs being visible in FIG. 1.

The reduction in cross section is based on the compression of the section 20 in this region which is brought about by the interaction between the press jaw 118 and the anvil 121 of the backing roll 120. In the other regions, the fleece web 20 has an essentially constant thickness, which corresponds to the thickness : of a fleece web supplied.

FIG. 4 shows a withdrawal cord 40, which is provided at a withdrawal end of the tampon blank 30 or of the tampon 50.

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"7" wo 0101908 PCT/EPO0/06136

A wrapping material 15, which is formed here by a plastic film which is perforated and provided with wax, preferably a polyethylene film, essentially completely : encloses the tampon blank 30, but leaves a' portion 54

Ss of the tampon blank 30 free. Following the pressing of the tampon blank 30, this portion 54 forms a dome-shaped insertion end 55 (shown in Fig. 5) of the finished tampon So. This ensures that the insertion and 55 which is not covered by the wrapping material 15 is acted on . 10 directly by the body fluid to be absorbed. Thus, as a consequence, the tampon 50 can immediately expand and, . } as a result, can develop its full absorbency and also undertake the complete protective function for the user.

In the embodiments shown in these figures, a fiber with an irregular, preferably multi-limbed or star-shaped cross-section was used, which significantly improves the capillary action and expansion capacity of the tampon.

The features illustrated in the claims, the description and the drawings may be essential for the invention, both individually and in any combination.

Claims (16)

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A tampon having a length comprising: a) a section of a specific length of a nonwoven fibrous web which has a width approximately corresponding to the length of the tampon and a longitudinal axis, the ends of the nonwoven fibrous web section being defined by a reduced cross-section, and the terminal edges of the ends being defined by alternating sections of cut fibers and extended fibers wherein the sections of the cut fibers amounts to at least about 70% of the width of the nonwoven fibrous web section; b) a cover strip section thermally bonded to 1s the one end of the nonwoven fibrous web section, the cover strip section comprising a liquid- permeable, at least partially thermoplastic material, and extending beyond the one end of the nonwoven fibrous web section; c) a withdrawal string extending from the tampon; wherein the nonwoven fibrous web section is wound essentially upon itself to give a substantially round cylindrical tampon blank preform with the cover strip 2s section extending beyond the one end of the nonwoven fibrous web section being thermally bonded to an overlapped portion of the cover strip section to maintain the tampon preform as a cylinder and wherein the cylindrical preform is radially pressed to form a substantially cylindrical compressed tampon.

2. The tampon of claim 1 wherein the sections of S the cut fibers amounts to about 70% to about 90% of the width of the nonwoven fibrous web section.

3. The tampon of claim 1 wherein the sections of the cut fibers amounts to about 80% of the width of the nonwoven fibrous web section.

4. The tampon of claim 1 wherein the sections of the cut fibers are aligned along a line that defines an oblique angle to the longitudinal axis of the nonwoven 18 fibrous web section.

5. The tampon of claim 4 wherein the oblique angle is from about 85° to about 89°.

6. The tampon of claim 5S wherein the oblique angle is about 87°.

7. The tampon of claim 1 wherein the cover strip section comprises an apertured film. 28 :

8. The tampon of claim 7 wherein the cover strip section of the compressed tampon is substantially free of fibers attached thereto.

5. A process for producing a tampon comprising the steps of: - cutting a continuous fibrous web essentially over its width to form a fleece web segment connected to the continuous fibrous web through a plurality of uncut extensions; - pulling the fleece web segment away from the continuous fibrous web to tear the uncut extensions thereby forming an individual fleece web; - forming the individual fleece web into a tampon blank; and - compressing the tampon blank to form the tampon.

10. The process as claimed in claim 9, wherein at least a portion of the fleece web segment at the cut end _5 weakened.

11. The process as claimed in claim 10, .wherein, the weakened portion of the fleece web segment has a reduced cross-sectional area.

12. The process as claimed in claim 9, wherein the cutting is carried defines a line at a right angle to the longitudinal axis of the continuous fibrous web.

13. The process as claimed in claim 9, wherein the cutting is carried defines a line which is oblique to the longitudinal axis of the continuous fibrous web. ]

14. The process as claimed in claim 13, wherein the oblique angle is from about 85° to about 83°.

15. The process as claimed in claim 9, which further comprises the step of winding the individual : 10 fleece segment upon itself to form the tampon blank. :

16. The process as claimed in claim 15, which further comprises the step of attaching a wrapping material to the individual fleece segment wherein the 1s wrapping material forms an outer cylindrical surface of the tampon blank after the winding of the individual fleece segment.

17. The process as claimed in claim 9, wherein the continuous fibrous web comprises a mixture of natural and artificial fibers.

18. The process as claimed in claim 9, wherein the continuous fibrous web comprises fibers having a multi-limbed cross-section.

15. A process for producing a tampon comprising the steps of:

- providing a substantially continuous fleece web - comprising fibers; - cutting the continuous fleece web essentially over its entire width to form a fleece web section while leaving a number of individual portions of the web connecting the fleece web secticn to the continuous fleece web; and - tearing apart the individual portions of the web to form a separate fleece web section; - winding up the separate fleece web section to form a tampon blank; and : - compressing the tampon blank radially into the final shape of the tampon.

20. An apparatus for producing a tampon, the apparatus comprising a cutting station having a knife roll with at least one knife, and a backing roll wherein the at least one knife being arranged on at least one portion of an outer surface of the knife roll and having, at least in part, discontinuities for the webs of the fleece webs.

21. The apparatus as claimed in claim 20, wherein the at least one knife is arranged on the outer surface of the knife roll essentially along a generatrix of the knife roll.

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22. The apparatus as claimed in claim 20, wherein the knife forms an angle with the generatrix of the knife roll.

23. The apparatus as claimed in claim 22, wherein the angle lies in the range from 1° to 5°.

24. The apparatus as claimed in claim 20, wherein the cutting station further comprises a weakening device.

25. The apparatus as claimed in claim 24 wherein the knife comprises a knife base and the weakening device comprises - a thickened portion of the knife base, forming a ress jaw in the vicinity of the cover of the knife roll; and - a region of the backing roll.

26. The apparatus as claimed in claim 25, which further comprises a cutter arranged and configured on the press jaw.

27. The apparatus as claimed in claim 26 wherein the cutter of the knife is interrupted over the width of the base.

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28. A tampon as claimed in claim 1, substantially as herein described and illustrated.

29. A process as claimed in claim 9 or claim 19, substantially as herein described and illustrated.

30. Apparatus as claimed in claim 20, substantially as herein described and illustrated.

31. A new tampon, a new process for producing a tampon, or a new apparatus, substantially as herein described. AMENDED SHEET