ZA200104502B - Thermoplastic fibers and fabrics. - Google Patents
Thermoplastic fibers and fabrics. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ZA200104502B ZA200104502B ZA200104502A ZA200104502A ZA200104502B ZA 200104502 B ZA200104502 B ZA 200104502B ZA 200104502 A ZA200104502 A ZA 200104502A ZA 200104502 A ZA200104502 A ZA 200104502A ZA 200104502 B ZA200104502 B ZA 200104502B
- Authority
- ZA
- South Africa
- Prior art keywords
- fiber
- hydroxy
- polyester
- thermoplastic
- functionalized
- Prior art date
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 114
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 title claims description 26
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 51
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 50
- -1 poly(hydroxy ethers) Polymers 0.000 claims description 48
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 13
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZFNKJKBRGFWDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-dioxabicyclo[6.3.1]dodeca-1(12),8,10-triene-2,7-dione Chemical compound O=C1OCCOC(=O)C2=CC=CC1=C2 LZFNKJKBRGFWDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LLLVZDVNHNWSDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylidene-3,5-dioxabicyclo[5.2.2]undeca-1(9),7,10-triene-2,6-dione Chemical compound C1(C2=CC=C(C(=O)OC(=C)O1)C=C2)=O LLLVZDVNHNWSDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- NEPKLUNSRVEBIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(oxiran-2-ylmethyl) benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C=1C=C(C(=O)OCC2OC2)C=CC=1C(=O)OCC1CO1 NEPKLUNSRVEBIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
- D01F6/66—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyethers
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/78—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products
- D01F6/84—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products from copolyesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/78—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products
- D01F6/86—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products from polyetheresters
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/14—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyester as constituent
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/16—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one other macromolecular compound obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as constituent
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
Description
v >’ ’
Ee) !
THERMOPLASTIC FIBERS AND FABRICS
The present invention relates to thermoplastic fibers and fabrics.
It is known to prepare fibers, yarns and fabrics from polystyrene, vinyl polymers, nylons, polyesters, polyolefins, or fluorocarbons. See, for example,
U.S. Patents 4,181,762; 4,945,150; 4,909,975 and 5,071,917.
However, it still remains desirable to provide fibers prepared from polymers which have not been used as starting materials for the preparation of fibers, : yarns and fabrics. These fibers have exceptional properties with respect to bonding, hydrophilicity and chemical resistance which is a special feature of epoxy-based polymers.
In a first aspect, the present invention is a fiber comprising at least one thermoplastic hydroxy-functionalized polyether or polyester and, optionally, a thermoplastic polymer which is not a hydroxy-functionalized polyether or polyester.
In a second aspect, the present invention is a bicomponent fiber having (1) a first component comprising a thermoplastic hydroxy-functionalized polyether or polyester or a blend of hydroxy-functionalized polyether or polyester and (2) a second . component comprising a thermoplastic polymer which is not a hydroxy-functionalized polyether or polyester. : In a third aspect, the present invention is a method of forming a non- woven fabric by forming a web of at least one fibrous component and heating the web to cause bonding of fibrous components of the web, characterized in that at least one fibrous component comprises a thermoplastic hydroxy-functionalized polyether or polyester.
The fiber of the present invention can be a single component or a bicomponent fiber.
The single component fiber comprises at least one thermoplastic hydroxy- functionalized polyether or polyester and, optionally, a thermoplastic polymer which is not a hydroxy-functionalized polyether or polyester.
The bicomponent fiber of the present invention has (1) a first component comprising a thermoplastic hydroxy-functionalized polyether or polyester or a blend of hydroxy-functionalized polyether or polyester and (2) a second component comprising a thermoplastic polymer which is not a hydroxy-functionalized polyether or polyester.
« > ” > .
In general, the thermoplastic hydroxy-functionalized polyethers or polyesters are prepared by the reaction of a dinucleophilic monomer with a diglycidy! ether, a diglycidy! ester or epihalohydrin.
Preferably, the thermoplastic hydroxy-functionalized polyether or polyester is selected from : (1) poly(hydroxy ester ethers) or poly(hydroxy esters) having repeating units represented by the formula: ph
OC—R-COR’0R*0—R? I m (2) polyetheramines having repeating units represented by the formula: oH oH
O0—CH,~C—CH,-A—CH,-C—CH,-O—B I
RS gs (3) hydroxy-functionalized polyethers having repeating units represented by the formula:
OH
O—CH,-C—CH,-0—B IH .
Xs or (4) hydroxy-functionalized poly(ether sulfonamides) having repeating units represented by the formula: fHRQ QR oH
OCH, CCHN—8— RE-S—NCH,(CH,0B IVa |,
R’ 0 0] R’ m or
OH OH
OCH, CCH, N=CH,CCH,0 IVb
R’0=S=0 RS m
Fo
I ee
I IL i ’
EL) ’ wherein R' is a divalent organic moiety which is primarily hydrocarbon; R’ is independently a divalent organic moiety which is primarily hydrocarbon; R® is
OH (HOH —CH,CCH,— and CH ; ks RS
R'is 0 0 OH i 6 Il 9 | 6 ——C—R>-C— or foc fone ; x n
R® is hydrogen or alkyl; R® is a divalent organic moiety which is primarily hydrocarbon; R’ and R’are independently alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl; R® is a divalent organic moiety which is primarily hydrocarbon; A is an amine moiety or a combination of different amine moieties; B is a divalent organic moiety which is primarily hydrocarbon; m is aninteger from 5 to 1000; and n is an integer from 0 to 100.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, A is 2- hydroxyethylimino-, 2-hydroxypropyl-imino-, piperazenyl, N,N’-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,2- . ethylenediimino; and B and R' are independently 1,3-phenylene, 1,4-phenylene; sulfonyldiphenylene, oxydiphenylene, thiodiphenylene or isopropylidene-diphenylene; R® . 15 is hydrogen; R” and R°® are independently methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, 2-hydroxyethy! or phenyl; and B and R’are independently 1,3-phenylene, 1,4-phenylene, sulfonyldiphenylene, oxydiphenylene, thiodiphenylene or isopropylidenediphenylene.
The poly(hydroxy ester ethers) represented by Formula | are prepared by reacting diglycidyl esters of aliphatic or aromatic diacids, such as diglycidyl terephthalate, or diglycidyl ethers of dihydric phenols with aliphatic or aromatic diacids such as adipic acid or isophthalic acid. These polyesters are described in U.S. Patent 5,171,820.
Alternatively, the poly(hydroxyester ethers) are prepared by reacting a diglycidyl ester with a bisphenol or by reacting a diglycidyl ester, diglycidyl ether, or an epihalohydrin with a dicarboxylic acid.
The polyetheramines represented by Formula II also referred to as poly(hydroxy amino ethers) are prepared by contacting one or more of the diglycidyl ethers of a dihydric phenol with an amine having two amine hydrogens under conditions sufficient to cause the amine moieties to react with epoxy moieties to form a polymer backbone having amine linkages, ether linkages and pendant hydroxyl moieties. These polyetheramines are described in U.S. Patent 5,275,853. The polyetheramines can also ig be prepared by contacting a diglycidyl ether or an epihalohydrin with a difunctional amine.
The hydroxy-functionalized polyethers represented by Formula iil are prepared, for example, by contacting a diglycidy! ether or a combination of diglycidyt ethers with a dihydric phenol or combination of dihydric phenols using the process described in U.S. Patent 5,164,472. Alternatively, the poly(hydroxy ethers) are obtained by allowing a dihydric phenol or a combination of dihydric phenols to react with an epihalohydrin by the process described by Reinking, Barnabeo, and Hale in the Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Volume 7, page 2135 (1963).
The hydroxy-functionalized poly(ether sulfonamides) represented by
Formulae IVa and IVb are prepared, for example, by polymerizing an N,N'-diatkyl or
N N'-diaryldisulfonamide with a diglycidyl ether as described in U.S. Patent 5,149,768.
The hydroxy-functionalized polyethers commercially available from
Phenoxy Assaciates, Inc. are also suitable for use in the present invention. These hydroxy-functionalized polyethers are the condensation reaction products of a dihydric polynuclear phenol, such as bisphenol A, and an epihalohydrin and have the repeating units represented by Formula lll wherein B is an isopropylidene diphenylene moiety.
These hydroxy-phenoxyether polymers and the process for preparing them are described in U.S. Patents 3,305,528. Other hydroxy functional polyethers that are suitable for use } inthe present invention are poly(alkylene oxides), which are typically produced through the polymerization of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or butylene oxide. Specific - examples include, but are not limited to, poly(ethylene oxide), poly(propylene oxide), poly(butylene oxide), or copolymers containing varying amounts of different poly(alkylene oxides). These polymers also may be particularly suitable for blending with polymers of any of Formulas | thrsgit iv. Advantages of blends of poly(alkylene oxides) and polymers of Formulas 1 through IV include the ability to manipuiaté ie glass transition ——— temperature of the blends or to modify hydrophilicity.
The polymers which are not hydroxy-functionalized polyesters or polyethers which can be employed in the practice of the present invention for preparing the fibers include polyolefins, polyesters, polyamides, polysaccharides, modified polysaccharides or naturally-occurring fibers or particulate fillers; thermoplastic polyurethanes, thermoplastic elastomers and glycol-modified copolyester (PETG). Other polymers of the polyester or polyamide type can also be employed in the practice of the present invention for preparing the fiber. Such polymers include poly(hexamethylene adipamide), polycaprolactone, poly(hexamethylene sebacamide), poly(ethylene 2,6-
- : naphthalate) and poly(ethylene 1,5-naphthalate), poly(tetramethylene 1,2-dioxybenzoate) and copolymers of ethylene terephthalate and ethylene isophthalate.
The polyesters and methods for their preparation are well known in the art and reference is made thereto for the purposes of this invention. For purposes of 5 illustration and not limitation, reference is particularly made to pages 1-62 of Volume 12 of the Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, 1988 revision, John Wiley &
Sons.
The polymers which are not hydroxy-functionalized polyesters or polyethers can be blended with the hydroxy-functionalized polyether or polyester at levels of less than 50 weight percent and, preferably less than 30 weight percent, based on the weight of the fiber. These other polymers can be blended into the hydroxy-functionalized polyether or polyester in order to reduce composition cost, to modify physical properties, barrier or permeability properties, or adhesion characteristics. In the case of bicomponent fibers, the separate non-hydroxy-functional-containing component may be used at levels of up to 99 percent, preferably less than 95 percent, based on the weight of the fiber.
The polyamides which can be employed in the practice of the present invention for preparing the fibers include the various grades of nylon, such as nylon 6, nylon 6,6 and nylon 12.
By the term “polyolefin” is meant a polymer or copolymer derived from simple olefin monomers such as ethylene, propylene, butylene, or isoprene, and one or more monomers copolymerizable therewith. Such polymers (including raw materials, their proportions, polymerization temperatures, catalysts and other conditions) are well- known in the art and reference is made thereto for the purpose of this invention. . 25 Additional comonomers which can be polymerized with ethylene include olefin monomers having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms, ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids (both mono- and difunctional) and derivatives of such acids such as esters (for example, alkyl acrylates) and anhydrides; monovinylidene aromatics and monovinylidene aromatics substituted with a moiety other than halogen such as styrene and methylstyrene; and carbon monoxide. Exemplary monomers which can be polymerized with ethylene include 1-octene, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinyl acetate and maleic anhydride.
The polyolefins which can be employed in the practice of the present invention for preparing the fibers include polypropylene, polyethylene, and copolymers and blends thereof, as well as ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers. Preferred polyolefins are polypropylene, such as Pro-fax ™ PF635 (Trademark of Montell North a
American Inc.) and INSPIRE ™ (Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company), linear high density polyethylene (HDPE), heterogeneously-branched linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) such as DOWLEX™ polyethylene resin (Trademark of The Dow Chemical
Company), heterogeneously-branched ultra low linear density polyethylene (ULDPE) such as ATTANE™ ULDPE (Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company); homogeneously-branched, linear ethylene/a-olefin copolymers such as Tafmer™ (Trademark of Mitsui Petrochemicals Company Limited) and Exact™ (Trademark of
Exxon Chemical Company); homogeneously branched, substantially linear ethylene/o- olefin polymers such as AFFINITY™ (Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company) and
ENGAGE® (Trademark of DuPont Dow Elastomers L.L. C) polyolefin elastomers, which can be prepared as disclosed in U.S. Patents 5,272,236 and 5,278,272; and high pressure, free radical polymerized ethylene polymers and copolymers such as low density polyethylene (LDPE), ethylene-acrylic acid (EAA) copolymers such as
PRIMACOR™ (Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company), and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers such as Escorene™ polymers (Trademark of Exxon Chemical
Company), and Elvax™ (Trademark of E.l. du Pont de Nemours & Co.). The more preferred polyolefins are the homogeneously-branched linear and substantially linear ethylene copolymers with a density (measured in accordance with ASTM D-792) of 0.85 to 0.99 g/cm’, a weight average molecular weight to number average molecular weight ratio (Mw/Mn) from 1.5 to 3.0, a measured melt index (measured in accordance with
ASTM D-1238 (190/2.16)) of 0.01 to 100 g/10 minutes, and an 110/12 of 6 to 20 ) (measured in accordance with ASTM D-1238 (190/10).
In general, high density polyethylene (HDPE) has a density of at least about 0.94 grams per cubic centimeter (g/cc) (ASTM Test Method D-1505). HDPE is
TOHIBHIY produced usity tedimigues similar to the preparation of linear low density — -————— polyethylenes. Such techniques are described in U.S. Patents 2,825,721; 2,993,876; 3,250,825 and 4,204,050. The preferred HDPE employed in the practice of the present invention has a density of from 0.94 to 0.99 g/cc and a melt index of from 0.01 to 35 grams per 10 minutes as determined by ASTM Test Method D-1238.
The polysaccharides which can be employed in the practice of the present invention are the different starches, celluloses, hemicelluloses, xylanes, gums, pectins and puliulans. Polysaccharides are known and are described, for example, in
Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, 2nd edition, 1987. The preferred polysaccharides are starch and cellulose.
} N WO 00/32854 5 PCT/US99/28462 y i
The modified polysaccharides which can be employed in the practice of the present invention are the esters and ethers of polysaccharides, such as, for example, cellulose ethers and cellulose esters, or starch esters and starch ethers. Modified polysaccharides are known and are described, for example, in Encyclopedia of Polymer
Science and Technology, 2nd edition, 1987.
The term "starch" as used herein, refers to carbohydrates of natural vegetable origin, composed mainly of amylose and/or amylopectin, and includes unmodified starches, starches which have been dewatered but not dried, physically modified starches, such as thermoplastic, gelatinized or cooked starches, starches with a modified acid value (pH) where acid has been added to lower the acid value of a starch to a range of from 3 to 6, gelatinized starches, ungelatinized starches, cross-linked starches and disrupted starches (starches which are not in particulate form). The starches can be in granular, particulate or powder form. They can be extracted from various plants, such as, for example, potatoes, rice, tapioca, corn, pea, and cereals such as rye, oats, and wheat.
Celluloses are known and are described, for example, in Encyclopedia of . Polymer Science and Technology, 2nd edition, 1987. Celluloses are natural . carbohydrate high polymers (polysaccharides) consisting of anhydroglucose units joined . C0 by an oxygen linkage to form long molecular chains that are essentially linear. Cellulose can be hydrolyzed to form glucose. The degree of polymerization ranges from 1000 for ) . wood pulp to 3500 for cotton fiber, giving a molecular weight of from 160,000 to 560,000.
Cellulose can be extracted from vegetable tissues (wood, grass, and cotton). Celluloses can be used in the form of fibers.
The naturally-occurring fibers or particulate fillers which can be employed in the practice of the present invention are, for example, wood flour, wood pulp, wood fibers, cotton, flax, hemp, or ramie fibers, rice or wheat straw, chitin, chitosan, cellulose materials derived from agricultural products, nut shell flour, corn cob flour, and mixtures thereof.
In general, the fibers of the present invention can be formed by well known processes such as melt spinning, wet spinning, or conjugate spinning. The fibers of the present invention may be extruded into any size, or length desired. They may also be extruded into any shape desired, such as, for example, cylindrical, cross-shaped, trilobal or ribbon-like cross-section.
. _— re
The bicomponent fibers of the present invention can have the following fiber cross-section structures: (1) Side-by-side (2) Sheath-core (3) Islands-in-the sea and (4) Citrus (Segmented pie) (1) Side-by-side
A method for producing side-by-side bicomponent fibers is described in
U.S. Patent 5,093,061. The method comprises (1) feeding two polymer streams through orifices separately and converging at substantially the same speed to merge side-by-side as a combined stream below the face of the spinneret; or (2) feeding two polymer streams separately through orifices, which converge at the surface of the spinneret, at substantially the same speed to merge side-by-side as a combined stream at the surface of the spinneret. In both cases, the velocity of each polymer stream at the point of merge is determined by its metering pump speed and the size of the orifice. The fiber cross- section has a straight interface between two components.
Side-by-side fibers are generally used to produce self-crimping fibers. All - commercially available self-crimping fibers are produced by using a system based on the different shrinkage characteristics of each component. } (2) Sheath-core
Sheath-core bicomponent fibers are those fibers where one of the components (core) is fully surrounded by a second component (sheath). Adhesion is not aiwdys essuiidi tur fiber intaytity. oT EE
The most common way to produce sheath-core fibers is a technique in which two polymer liquids (melts) are separately ied to a position very ciose to the spinneret orifices and then extruded in sheath-core form. in the case of concentric fibers, the orifice supplying the “core” polymer is in the center of the spinning orifice outlet and flow conditions of core polymer fluid are strictly controlled to maintain the concentricity of both components when spinning. Modifications in spinneret orifices enable one to obtain different shapes of core or/and sheath within the fiber cross-section.
The sheath-core structure is employed when it is desirable for the surface to have the property of one of the polymers such as luster, dyeability or stability, while the
~ WO 00/32854 9 PCT/US99/24462 core may contribute to strength, and reduced cost. The sheath-core fibers are used as crimping fibers and as bonding fibers in the non-woven industry.
The sheath-core bicomponent fiber can have a core comprising the hydroxy-functionalized polyether or polyester and a sheath comprising a polymer which is not a hydroxy-functionalized polyether or polyester. Alternatively, the hydroxy- functionalized polyether or polyester can be the sheath and the polymer that is not the hydroxy-functionalized polyether or polyester the core of the bicomponent fiber. The sheath-core may be circular in cross-section or may have some other geometry, suchas trilobal. A variant such as “tipped trilobal” can also be constructed wherein the sheath component is no longer continuous about the core but exists only at the tips of the lobes formed by the core. Other configurations which may be utilized are illustrated in
International Fiber Journal, Volume 13, No, 3, June 1998 in the articles beginning on pages 20, 26, and 49.
Methods for producing sheath - core bicomponent fibers are described in
U.S. Patents 3,315,021 and 3,316,336. (3) lslands-in the-sea
Istands-in-the sea fibers are also called matrix-filament fibers which include heterogeneous bicomponent fibers. A method for producing islands-in-the sea fibers is described in U.S. Patent 4,445,833. The method comprises injecting streams of : 20 core polymer into sheath polymer streams through small tubes with one tube for each core stream. The combined sheath-core streams converge inside the spinneret hole and form one island-in-the sea conjugate stream.
Mixing the different polymer streams with a static mixer in the spinning process also makes island-in-the-sea bicomponent fibers. The static mixer divides and redivides the polymer stream to form a matrix stream with multiple cores. This method for producing island-in-the-sea fibers is described in U.S. Patent 4,414,276.
The hydroxy-functionalized polyether or polyester can be the sea polymer and the polymer which is not a hydroxy-functionalized polyether or polyester can be the island polymer. The hydroxy-functionalized polyether or polyester can also be the island polymer and the polymer which is not a hydroxy-functionalized polyether or polyester, the sea polymer.
;
LY
The islands-in-the-sea structure is employed when it is desirable to increase the modulus of the fiber, reduce moisture regain, reduce dyeability, improve the texturing capability or give the fiber a unique lustrous appearance. (4) Citrus type (Segmented pie)
The citrus type bicomponent or segmented pie bicomponent fibers can be made by polymer distribution and/or spinneret modifications of the pack assemblies employed in the methods described above for producing the side-by-side, sheath-core or islands-in-the-sea fibers. For example, by introducing a first polymer stream and a second polymer stream alternately through eight radial channels toward the spinneret hole instead of two channels, the resultant fiber is an eight-segment citrus type fiber. If the spinneret orifice has the configuration of three or four slots on a circle (a common orifice configuration to produce hollow fibers), the fiber is a hollow citrus type fiber with eight segments. The hollow citrus type fiber can also be made by the use of special spinneret orifice configurations with a sheath-core spin pack as described in U.S. Patents 4,246,219 and 4,357,290. :
The fibers of the present invention can be blended with other synthetic or natural fibers, such as carbon fibers, cotton, wool, polyester, polyolefin, nylon, rayon, glass fibers, fibers of silica, silica alumina, potassium titanate, silicone carbide, silicone . nitride, boron nitride, boron, acrylic fibers, tetrafluoroethylene fibers, polyamide fibers, vinyl fibers, protein fibers, ceramic fibers, such as aluminum silicate, and oxide fibers, such as boron oxide.
Additives such as pigments, stabilizers, impact modifiers, plasticizers, carbon black, conductive metal particles, abrasives and lubricating polymers may be incorporated into the fibers. The method of incorporating the additives is not critical. The additives can conveniently be added fo the hydroxy-functionalized polyether or polyester ~~ prior to preparing the fibers. If the hydroxy-functionalized polyether or polyester is prepared in solid form, the additives can be added to the melt prior to preparing the fibers.
The fibers of the present invention can be crosslinked by chemical treatment, heating or irradiation with ultraviolet light. For example, the fibers can be chemically treated with crosslinking agents such as diisocyanates, glycidylmethacrylate, bisepoxides and anhydrides.
The fibers of the present invention are suitable for use in filtration media, binder fibers for glass or carbon fibers, binder fibers in non-woven fabrics made of
Claims (1)
- ¢ WO 00/32854 71 PCT/S99/23462 CLAIMS:1. A fiber comprising at least one thermoplastic hydroxy- functionalized polyether or polyester.2. The fiber of Claim 1 wherein the thermoplastic hydroxy- functionalized polyether or polyester is prepared by the reaction of a dinucleophilic monomer with a diglycidyl ether, a diglycidyl ester or epihalohydrin.3. The fiber of Claim 1 wherein the hydroxy-functionalized polyether or polyester is selected from: (1) poly(hydroxy ethers) or poly(hydroxy esters) having repeating units represented by the formula:7.0 OC—R-COR30R*O—R? I m (2) polyetheramines having repeating units represented by the formula: oH ¢H ’ O0—CH,—C—CH,-A—CH,—C—CH,-0—B I Is Is (3) hydroxy-functionalized polyethers having repeating units represented by the formula: oH O—CH,~C—CH,-0O—B m Xs or (4) hydroxy-functionalized poly(ether sulfonamides) having repeating units represented by the formula:i tw yO A OCH,CCHoN—8—R*-S—NCH,(CH,0B IVa |, RS lo) lo) RS m or oH oH OCH, CCH, N—CH,¢CH,08B IVb ; R’ 0=$=0 RS m 9 R wherein R'is a divalent organic moiety which is primarily hydrocarbon; R? is independently a divalent organic moiety which is primarily hydrocarbon; R® is OH (HOH —CH,CCH,— and {CH ; I RS RS R'is Oo 0) OH I ’ 6 —C—R>-C— or —R OCHCCHOR ; ) R’ n R’ is hydrogen or alkyl; R° is a divalent organic moiety which is primarily hydrocarbon; R’ and R’are independently alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl; R® is a divalent organic moiety which is primarily hydrocarbon; A is an amine moiety or a combination of different amine moieties; B is a divalent organic moiety which is primarily hydrocarbon; m ic an integer from & to 1000; and n ic an integer fromOtn100 4, The fiber of Claim 3 having a cylindrical, cross-shaped, trilobal or ribbon-like cross-section.5. The fiber of Claim 3 formed by meit-spinning, dry-spinning or wet- spinning of a polymer solution.6. The fiber of Claim 3 in the form of a filtration medium, a binder fiber for glass or carbon fibers, a binder fiber in non-woven fabrics made of a thermoplastic polymer which is not a hydroxy-functionalized polyether or polyester or a binder fiber in non-woven fabrics made of cellulosic-based materials, or a medical apparel.uw WF : - ’ < wQ 00/32854 73 PCT/US99/28462 oo 7. A woven or non-woven fabric comprising the fiber of Claim 3 and, optionally, a synthetic or natural fiber.B. The fabric of Claim 7 wherein the synthetic fiber is a polyester, a i polyamide, rayon or a polyolefin and the natural fiber is cotton. 9, The fabric of Claim 7 in the form of an apparel, a water-absorbent cloth, a filter fabric, a battery separator, an antistatic wipe or a water-absorbent mat.10. The fiber of Ciaim 1 comprising a blend of one or more hydroxy- functionalized polyether or polyester with a thermoplastic polymer which is not an hydroxy-functionalized polyether or polyester selected from a polyolefin, polyester, polyamide, polysaccharide, modified polysaccharide or naturally-occurring fiber or particulate filler, thermoplastic polyurethane, thermoplastic elastomer or glycol-modified copolyester (PETG).11. The fiber of Claim 1 which is a bicomponent fiber having (1) a first component comprising a thermoplastic hydroxy-functionalized polyether or polyester or a blend of a hydroxy-functionalized polyether or polyester and (2) a second component comprising a polyolefin, polyester, polyamide, polysaccharide, modified polysaccharide or So naturally-occurring fiber or particulate filler, thermoplastic polyurethane, thermoplastic elastomer or glycol-modified copolyester (PETG).12. The bicomponent fiber of Claim 11 wherein the hydroxy- functionalized polyether or polyester is prepared by the reaction of a dinucleophilic monomer with a diglycidyl ether, a diglycidy! ester or epihalohydrin.13. The bicomponent fiber of Claim 11 wherein the hydroxy-functional polyether is selected from: (1) poly(hydroxy ethers) or poly(hydroxy esters) having repeating units represented by the formula: po 0 OC—R'-COR’0R*0—R? I m: ’ Ta £024 NE § (2) polyetheramines having repeating units represented by the formula: OH oH O—CH,-C—CH,~ A—CH,-C—CH,-O—B a RS 5 (3) hydroxy-functionalized polyethers having repeating units represented by the formula: oH O—CH,-C—CH,-0—B aI ps or (4) hydroxy-functionalized poly(ether sulfonamides) having repeating units represented by the formula: fu Re QR oH OCH,CCHN—S—RE-5— NCH,CCH,0B IVa R’ 0 0} R> m or : TH OH OCH, CCH, N—CH,CCH,0B vb : R3 0=S=0 RS m 29 wherein R'is a divalent organic moiety which is primarily hydrocarbon; R® is independently a divalent organic moiety With 78 PRtttiy Hyuiuuabom; TF is ee OH (HOH —CH,CCH,— and —(—CH— R5 RS R'is P0 —C—R&~C— or —RZ OCH,CCH,ORY ; R> I R® is hydrogen or alkyl; R® is a divalent organic moiety which is primarily hydrocarbon; R’.. . : 7 WO 00/32854 25 PCT/US928462 and R°are independently alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl; R® is a divalent organic moiety which is primarily hydrocarbon; A is an amine moiety or a combination of different amine moieties; B is a divalent organic moiety which is primarily hydrocarbon; m is an integer from 5 to 1000; and n is an integer from O to 100.14. The bicomponent fiber of Claim 13 which is a side-by-side bicomponent fiber, a sheath-core bicomponent fiber, a segmented-pie bicomponent fiber or an islands-in-the-sea bicomponent fiber.15. The bicomponent fiber of Claim 14 comprising a core of the thermoplastic hydroxy-functionalized polyether or polyester and a sheath of a thermoplastic polymer which is not a hydroxy-functionalized polyether or polyester.16. The bicomponent fiber of Claim 14 comprising a sheath of the thermoplastic hydroxy-functionalized polyether or polyester and a core of a thermoplastic polymer which is not a hydroxy-functionalized polyether or polyester.17. The bicomponent fiber of Claim 13 having a cylindrical, cross- shaped, trilobal or ribbon-like cross-section.. 18. The bicomponent fiber of Claim 13 in the form of a filtration medium, a binder fiber for glass or carbon fibers, a binder fiber in non-woven fabrics made of a thermoplastic polymer which is not a hydroxy-functionalized polyether or polyester or a binder fiber in non-woven fabrics made of cellulosic-based materials, or a medical apparel.19. A woven or non-woven fabric comprising the fiber of Claim 13 and, optionally, a synthetic or natural fiber.20. The fabric of Claim 19 wherein the synthetic fiber is a polyester, a polyamide, rayon or a polyolefin and the natural fiber is cotton.21. The fabric of Claim 19 in the form of an apparel, a water-absorbent cloth, a filter fabric, a battery separator, an antistatic wipe or a water-absorbent mat. 22, The fiber of Claim 1 comprising a blend of: (a) a poly(hydroxy amino ether) having repeating units represented by the formula:: Cv O—CHp~(—CHy- A—CHy~G—CHp-0—B II R R n wherein A is a diamino moiety or a combination of different amine moieties; B is a divalent organic moiety which is predominantly hydrocarbylene; R is alkyl or hydrogen; and n is an integer from 5 to 1000; and (b) atleast one of a polyethylene glycol, poly(ethylene oxide), or EPE block copolymer.23. The fiber of Claim 22 wherein the poly(hydroxy amino ether) is the reaction product of a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A and ethanolamine.24. A method of forming a non-woven fabric by forming a web of at least one fibrous component and heating the web to cause bonding of fibrous components of the web, characterized in that at least one fibrous component comprises a thermoplastic hydroxy-functionalized polyether or polyester. :25. The method of Claim 24 wherein at least one fibrous component . comprises a poly(hydroxy amino ether) having repeating units represented by the formula: : OH OH OCH CCH ACH E—H,-6— 8 SEE © R R n wherein A is a diamino moiety or a combination of different amine moieties; B is a divalent organic moiety which is predominantly hydrocarbylene; R is alkyl or hydrogen; and nis an integer from 5 to 1000.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11080398P | 1998-12-03 | 1998-12-03 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ZA200104502B true ZA200104502B (en) | 2002-05-31 |
Family
ID=22335024
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA200104502A ZA200104502B (en) | 1998-12-03 | 2001-05-31 | Thermoplastic fibers and fabrics. |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1141454B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2002531716A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20010087410A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1342221A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR024235A1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE321902T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU754736B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9916923A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2352753A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69930667T2 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW510926B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000032854A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200104502B (en) |
Families Citing this family (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2002081818A2 (en) | 2001-04-04 | 2002-10-17 | Advanced Plastics Technologies, Ltd. | Process for coating paper, paperboard, and molded fiber with a water-dispersible polyester polymer |
| DE10139640B4 (en) * | 2001-08-11 | 2008-11-06 | Carl Freudenberg Kg | Nonwoven fabric comprising fibers of polyoxyalkylene copolymers, process for its preparation and its use |
| BRPI0508949A (en) * | 2004-03-22 | 2007-10-16 | Invista Tech Sarl | filament yarn and fabric |
| KR20140139634A (en) | 2004-11-05 | 2014-12-05 | 도날드슨 컴파니, 인코포레이티드 | Filter medium and structure |
| US8057567B2 (en) | 2004-11-05 | 2011-11-15 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Filter medium and breather filter structure |
| US8021457B2 (en) | 2004-11-05 | 2011-09-20 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Filter media and structure |
| JP5308031B2 (en) | 2005-02-04 | 2013-10-09 | ドナルドソン カンパニー，インコーポレイティド | Ventilation filter and ventilation filtration assembly |
| EP1858618B1 (en) | 2005-02-22 | 2009-09-16 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Aerosol separator |
| US7494709B2 (en) | 2005-03-18 | 2009-02-24 | Performance Fibers Operations, Inc. | Low wick continuous filament polyester yarn |
| MX2009009046A (en) | 2007-02-22 | 2009-10-14 | Donaldson Co Inc | Filter element and method. |
| WO2008103821A2 (en) | 2007-02-23 | 2008-08-28 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Formed filter element |
| US8267681B2 (en) | 2009-01-28 | 2012-09-18 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Method and apparatus for forming a fibrous media |
| DE102009006586B4 (en) * | 2009-01-29 | 2013-02-28 | Neenah Gessner Gmbh | Filter medium and filter element for the liquid filtration |
| EP2463428B1 (en) | 2009-08-05 | 2016-07-06 | Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. | Mixed fiber spunbond non-woven fabric and method for production and application of the same |
| KR101315028B1 (en) * | 2011-04-15 | 2013-10-08 | 로디아 오퍼레이션스 | Fibers, yarns, threads and textile articles made of an alloy resin composition of polyamide and polyester |
| CN102733002B (en) * | 2012-08-17 | 2013-12-11 | 绍兴九洲化纤有限公司 | Preparation method of ultrafine composite fiber with high wet transmitting performance |
| DE102014119524A1 (en) † | 2014-12-23 | 2016-06-23 | Coroplast Fritz Müller Gmbh & Co. Kg | "Adhesive tape based on a stitchbonded carrier with bicomponent fibers" |
| JP6483511B2 (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2019-03-13 | 日本バイリーン株式会社 | Polyethersulfone fiber assembly and method for producing the same |
| CN107880310B (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2019-06-04 | 常州大学 | It is a kind of to be used to prepare poly phenol oxygen/polyamide blended plastic alloy expanding material and its compatibilizing method |
| CN109208113A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2019-01-15 | 北京旭阳科技有限公司 | A kind of polyamide 6 elastomer and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS56107016A (en) * | 1980-01-28 | 1981-08-25 | Nippon Ester Co Ltd | Pilling-resistant polyester fiber and its preparation |
| JPS5844766B2 (en) * | 1980-01-28 | 1983-10-05 | 日本エステル株式会社 | Anti-pilling polyester fiber and method for producing the same |
| US4337330A (en) * | 1980-09-02 | 1982-06-29 | Union Carbide Corporation | Blends of water soluble polyethers and poly(hydroxyethers)s |
| JPS63112725A (en) * | 1986-10-25 | 1988-05-17 | Nippon Ester Co Ltd | Polyester binder fiber |
| DE19547884A1 (en) * | 1995-12-21 | 1997-06-26 | Basf Ag | Molding compounds based on polycarbonates |
| JPH09302522A (en) * | 1996-05-13 | 1997-11-25 | Toray Ind Inc | Partially oriented undrawn polyester yarn and its production |
| US5780582A (en) * | 1996-12-31 | 1998-07-14 | The Dow Chemical Company | Hydroxy-functionalized polyester and poly(ester ether) oligomers |
-
1999
- 1999-12-02 BR BR9916923-1A patent/BR9916923A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-12-02 EP EP99960637A patent/EP1141454B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-02 AT AT99960637T patent/ATE321902T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-12-02 CN CN99815511A patent/CN1342221A/en active Pending
- 1999-12-02 CA CA002352753A patent/CA2352753A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-12-02 WO PCT/US1999/028462 patent/WO2000032854A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-12-02 JP JP2000585481A patent/JP2002531716A/en active Pending
- 1999-12-02 DE DE69930667T patent/DE69930667T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-12-02 AU AU17492/00A patent/AU754736B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-12-02 KR KR1020017006950A patent/KR20010087410A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-12-03 AR ARP990106149A patent/AR024235A1/en unknown
-
2000
- 2000-02-01 TW TW088121197A patent/TW510926B/en active
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2001
- 2001-05-31 ZA ZA200104502A patent/ZA200104502B/en unknown
Also Published As
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|---|---|
| AU754736B2 (en) | 2002-11-21 |
| CA2352753A1 (en) | 2000-06-08 |
| CN1342221A (en) | 2002-03-27 |
| EP1141454B1 (en) | 2006-03-29 |
| KR20010087410A (en) | 2001-09-15 |
| WO2000032854A1 (en) | 2000-06-08 |
| BR9916923A (en) | 2002-01-08 |
| AR024235A1 (en) | 2002-09-25 |
| ATE321902T1 (en) | 2006-04-15 |
| DE69930667D1 (en) | 2006-05-18 |
| AU1749200A (en) | 2000-06-19 |
| EP1141454A1 (en) | 2001-10-10 |
| DE69930667T2 (en) | 2007-01-11 |
| JP2002531716A (en) | 2002-09-24 |
| TW510926B (en) | 2002-11-21 |
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