ZA200006214B - Use of an agent for the prevention of gum disease. - Google Patents

Description

USE OF AN AGENT FOR THE PREVENTION OF GUM DISEASE

The present invention relates to the use of an agent which maintains or improves the permeability barrier of the gum in the manufacture of an oral composition for the treatment or prevention of gum disease.

Efficient dental hygiene is a primary requirement in maintaining good oral health. Poor oral health manifests itself in many forms, for example tooth decay, gum disease, mouth ulcers etc.

In addition, stained teeth and diseased gums are a cosmetically undesirable consequence of poor oral hygiene.

Improved oral hygiene is, therefore, a much sought goal and there is much prior art relating to various methods which may be .employed in achieving this consumer positive. For example, antimicrobial agents such as chlorhexidine and

Triclosan (2',4,4'-trichloro, 2-hydroxy-diphenyl ether) have been used in dentifrice compositions and are employed to reduce bacterial build up and, therefore, plague production on the teeth. Reducing the formation of plaque helps reduce the staining of teeth and also helps prevent gum disease.

Despite these prior proposals, there is still a need for an effective method for improving oral care.

We have now surprisingly found, that providing a protective barrier over the gum is capable of providing an improved benefit in oral hygiene.

It is thought that by improving the permeability barrier of the gum that the cosmetic disadvantages of gum disease can be prevented.

Accordingly the invention concerns the use of an agent which maintains or improves the permeability barrier of the gum in the manufacture of an oral composition for the treatment or prevention of gum disease.

Preferably, the agent is capable of reducing the permeability coefficient of the gum by at least 20%, more preferably at least 30% and especially by at least 40% with . respect to the coefficient effected by phosphate buffered saline (PBS).

More preferably the agent is a fat or an oil, most preferably an oil and especially an oil selected from the group consisting of silicone oil, vegetable oil, animal oil and mineral oil.

An alternative agent according to the invention is a synthetic ester such as isopropyl myristate.

Where the agent is a fat it is preferable that it is a fat, e.g. a triglyceride, with a melting point of below 50 °C.

By oral composition is meant any composition applied to the oral cavity, e.g. toothpaste, mouthwash, gel, cream, powder, lozenge, mousse, etc. It may also be a composition formulated in a multi-compartment type dispenser.

Typically, the agent will comprise almost entirely of the agent; preferably from 0.01 to 30%, more preferably from 0.1 to 20% and especially from 0.1 to 10% by weight of the oral composition according to the invention.

The present invention will be further illustrated by way of example.

EXAMPLE

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(1) Phosphate buffered saline (2) Vegetable fat ex Karlshamns (Lot 4594 1996-02-22) (3) ex Anglia oils (753-97 RBWD) (4) ex Anglia oils (5) White soft paraffin jelly ex Hansen & Rosenthal Pioneer (6954) (6) Heavy silicone ex Dow Corning (DC200/5000cps) (7) Light silicone ex Dow Corning (DC200/350cps)

Specimens of gingiva were obtained from animals used for surgical research. The gingiva was taken from the region between the incisor and premolar teeth in the maxilla. The

Cw ~- 4 - specimens were taken within 2 hours of death, excess muscle and fat removed and the tissue was snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -70 °C until use.

The specimen was thawed completely before use in the permeability experiment. In order to prevent cracking during thawing, the specimen was placed in a plastic petri-dish at room temperature for 5-10 min. The specimen was then removed from PBS and the epithelium was damped dry. Pieces of tissue, about 6 mm in diameter, were cut from the specimen using a blade, excess muscle was removed. Lipids were ' extracted from excised gum tissue using chloroform:methanol . (2:1 v/v) containing 1% hydrochloric acid and 4% water. The tissue was immersed for 60 min in this mixture and then washed with PBS prior to treatment with the agent. The agent had been applied to each piece, which was clamped between the two parts of the chamber described below.

Application of agents:

The following protocol was used to deliver the agent:

The tissue was rinsed in PBS and blotted dry. The agent was applied by brushing gently and evenly over the epithelial surface of the tissue using an interspace toothbrush. The treated tissue was left for 1 min and then rinsed in PBS by dipping 5 times in 5 s.

The treated tissue was then loaded into flow through chambers for the permeability experiment.

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Permeability experiment:

The permeability of the treated tissue to the tritiated water was measured using the Teflon flow through chamber provided by the Crown Glass Company, USA as presented in

Figure 1.

Pieces of treated tissue 6 mm in diameter were clamped between the upper and lower chambers, exposing an area of epithelium 3 mm in diameter to the reservoir in the upper

J chamber.

The chambers were placed onto a rack which has water circulating through at 37 °C in order to maintain the tissue at physiological temperature and PBS was passed across the connective tissue side at 3-4 ml h™'. A 450 pl aliquot of 5 mCi ml? tritiated water was added to the epithelial compartment and samples from the connective tissue side were collected hourly up to 8 hours. The amount of isotope passing across the epithelium was measured using a Beckman

LS6000SC scintillation counter.

The permeability coefficient (Kp) was calculated using the formula:

Kp =Q/ A * t (Co-C) where Q is the concentration of the tritiated water crossing the treated tissue in time interval t (mins), Co,-C; are the concentrations of the tritiated water on the epithelial and connective tissue sides of the treated tissue respectively,

ou and A is the area of treated tissue exposed to the tritiated water (cm?). The units of Kp are cm mint.

The permeability coefficient is the measure of permeability of the treated tissue to tritiated water.

Table 1 shows the permeability coefficients effected by the sample agents listed above.

Table 1

Sample Permeability coefficient )

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Compared with the control sample (PBS) it can clearly be seen that all of the sample agents decrease the permeability of the gum epithelium to some degree. However, it can be seen that some are better than others. Akogel and light silicone oil were particularly useful at improving the permeability barrier of the gum whereas petroleum jelly was less useful.

Claims (9)

1. Use of an agent which maintains or improves the permeability barrier of the gum in the manufacture of an oral composition for the treatment or prevention of gum disease.

2. Use according to claim 1, wherein the agent is capable of reducing the permeability coefficient of the gum by at least

20%. .

3. Use according to claim 1, wherein the agent is capable of reducing the permeability coefficient of the gum by at least

30%.

4. Use according to claim 1, wherein the agent is capable of reducing the permeability coefficient of the gum by at least

40%.

5. Use according to any preceding claim, wherein the agent is an oil.

6. Use according to any preceding claim, wherein the oil is selected from the group consisting of silicone oil, vegetable oil, animal oil and mineral oil.

7. Use according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the agent is a fat.

8. Use according to claim 7, wherein the fat is a ‘triglyceride.

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9. Use according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the agent has a melting point below 50°C.