WO2026017162A1 - 一种太阳能电池及光伏组件 - Google Patents

一种太阳能电池及光伏组件

Info

Publication number
WO2026017162A1
WO2026017162A1 PCT/CN2025/109402 CN2025109402W WO2026017162A1 WO 2026017162 A1 WO2026017162 A1 WO 2026017162A1 CN 2025109402 W CN2025109402 W CN 2025109402W WO 2026017162 A1 WO2026017162 A1 WO 2026017162A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
conductive layer
insulating portion
insulating
solar cell
current collector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2025/109402
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
柯希满
顾嘉昊
唐清
叶枫
方亮
徐希翔
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Longi Green Energy Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Longi Green Energy Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Longi Green Energy Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Longi Green Energy Technology Co Ltd
Publication of WO2026017162A1 publication Critical patent/WO2026017162A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
    • H10F19/90—Structures for connecting between photovoltaic cells, e.g. interconnections or insulating spacers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/20—Electrodes

Definitions

  • This application belongs to the field of photovoltaic technology, specifically relating to a solar cell and a photovoltaic module.
  • a first semiconductor layer and a second semiconductor layer are alternately disposed on the back side of a silicon substrate.
  • the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer are partially superimposed or overlapped.
  • laser or etching processes are used to etch the overlapping portion of the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer to form an isolation trench, so as to insulate and isolate the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer.
  • This application aims to provide a solar cell and photovoltaic module that can solve the problem that conductive foreign matter such as solder dross generated during the welding process can easily fall between the two semiconductor layers in existing cells, causing cell leakage.
  • a solar cell comprising: a cell substrate, wherein a conductive layer and a current collector electrode are provided on the back side of the cell substrate, the conductive layer comprising a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer having opposite conductivity types and arranged alternately along a first direction, an isolation groove being provided between adjacent first conductive layers and second conductive layers, the current collector electrode comprising a first current collector electrode disposed on the first conductive layer and a second current collector electrode disposed on the second conductive layer, the first current collector electrode having a first connection portion, and the second current collector electrode having a second connection portion;
  • An insulating component includes a first insulating portion and a second insulating portion, wherein the first insulating portion is provided on the first conductive layer at a position corresponding to the second connecting portion and on the second conductive layer at a position corresponding to the first connecting portion;
  • the second insulating portion is disposed on both sides of the first insulating portion, and the second direction intersects with the first direction; the second insulating portion covers the isolation groove between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer and the second insulating portion protrudes from the first insulating portion in the second direction, and/or, the second insulating portion covers the conductive layer and the current collector electrode on both sides of the first insulating portion along the second direction.
  • the second insulating portion covers the isolation groove between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, and the second insulating portion extends in a first direction to cover at least partially exposed first conductive layer, and/or, the second insulating portion extends in a first direction to cover at least partially exposed second conductive layer.
  • the width of the second insulating portion is D11
  • the width of the isolation groove is W1
  • the distance between adjacent first and second collector electrodes is H1, satisfying: W1-20 ⁇ m ⁇ D11 ⁇ H1.
  • the length of the second insulating portion along the second direction is L, satisfying: 2.5mm ⁇ L ⁇ 10mm; and/or,
  • the length of the second insulating portion is 30%-95% of the shortest distance between adjacent first and second connecting portions.
  • the second insulating portion covers the conductive layer and current collecting electrode on both sides of the first insulating portion along the first direction, and the second insulating portion extends in the first direction to cover the sidewall of the conductive layer adjacent to the isolation groove.
  • the second insulating portion extends in the first direction to cover the adjacent insulating groove.
  • the second insulating portion extends in the first direction to cover an adjacent conductive layer of the opposite conductivity type.
  • the width of the second insulating portion is D12
  • the width of the second conductive layer is W2
  • the spacing between two adjacent first collector electrodes is H2, satisfying: W2-20 ⁇ m ⁇ D12 ⁇ H2;
  • the width of the first conductive layer is W3, and the spacing between two adjacent second collector electrodes is H3, satisfying: W3-20 ⁇ m ⁇ D12 ⁇ H3.
  • the second insulating portion on the first conductive layer is at least partially connected to the second insulating portion on the adjacent second conductive layer in a first direction;
  • the second insulating portion on the first conductive layer is at least partially connected to the second insulating portion on the adjacent second conductive layer in the second direction;
  • the width of the first insulating portion on the second conductive layer is greater than the width of the first connecting portion
  • the width of the first insulating portion on the first conductive layer is greater than the width of the second connecting portion.
  • the widths of the second insulating portion on the first conductive layer and the second insulating portion on the second conductive layer along the first direction are not equal.
  • the first insulating portion covers the isolation groove, or the first insulating portion covers the isolation groove and the exposed conductive layer adjacent to the isolation groove.
  • the current collector electrode is a silver electrode, a copper electrode, an alloy electrode, or a multilayer metal electrode.
  • a photovoltaic module including: a solar cell as described above.
  • the photovoltaic module further includes an electrical connector, and the solar cells are configured in multiple ways.
  • the electrical connector is electrically connected to the confluence portion of the current collecting electrode in the solar cell.
  • a main grid is provided between the electrical connector and the conduit.
  • the back side of the battery substrate is provided with a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer of opposite electrical types, arranged alternately at intervals.
  • a first insulating portion is then provided on the first and second conductive layers so that when the first or second current collector electrode is connected in series using an electrical connector, the first insulating portion can provide insulation between the electrical connector and the opposite conductive layer or current collector electrode.
  • a second insulating portion is provided on both sides of the first insulating portion, covering the isolation groove between the first and second conductive layers, and/or covering the conductive layers and current collector electrodes on both sides of the first insulating portion.
  • the second insulating portion can provide insulation between the first and second conductive layers in areas not connected by electrical connectors, preventing conduction between the first and second conductive layers through conductive foreign matter such as solder slag, thereby reducing the risk of short circuits in the solar cell.
  • This application aims to provide a solar cell and photovoltaic module that can solve the problem that conductive foreign matter such as solder dross generated during the welding process can easily fall between the two semiconductor layers in existing cells, causing cell leakage.
  • this application provides a solar cell, comprising: a cell substrate, a conductive layer and a current collector electrode disposed on the back side of the cell substrate, the conductive layer comprising a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer having opposite conductivity types and arranged alternately along a first direction, an isolation region being disposed between adjacent first conductive layers and second conductive layers, the current collector electrode comprising a first current collector electrode disposed on the first conductive layer and a second current collector electrode disposed on the second conductive layer, the first current collector electrode having a first connection portion, and the second current collector electrode having a second connection portion;
  • An insulating component includes a first insulating portion and a second insulating portion, wherein the first insulating portion is provided on the first conductive layer at a position corresponding to the second connecting portion and on the second conductive layer at a position corresponding to the first connecting portion;
  • the second insulating portion is disposed on both sides of the first insulating portion along the second direction, and the second direction intersects the first direction; the second insulating portion covers the conductive layer and the current collecting electrode on both sides of the first insulating portion along the second direction.
  • a solar cell comprising:
  • a battery substrate has a conductive layer and a current collector electrode on its back side.
  • the conductive layer includes a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer with opposite conductivity types and arranged alternately along a first direction.
  • An isolation region is provided between adjacent first conductive layers and second conductive layers.
  • the current collector electrode includes a first current collector electrode disposed on the first conductive layer and a second current collector electrode disposed on the second conductive layer.
  • the first current collector electrode has a first connection portion
  • the second current collector electrode has a second connection portion.
  • An insulating component includes a first insulating portion and a second insulating portion, wherein the first insulating portion is provided on the first conductive layer at a position corresponding to the second connecting portion and on the second conductive layer at a position corresponding to the first connecting portion;
  • the second insulating portion is disposed on both sides of the first insulating portion along the second direction, the second direction intersecting the first direction; the second insulating portion covers the isolation area between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer and the second insulating portion protrudes from the first insulating portion in the second direction.
  • embodiments of this application provide a photovoltaic module including the solar cell described in any of the above claims.
  • the back side of the battery substrate is provided with a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer of opposite electrical types, arranged alternately at intervals.
  • a first insulating portion is then provided on the first and second conductive layers so that when the first or second current collector electrode is connected in series using an electrical connector, the first insulating portion can provide insulation and isolation between the electrical connector and the opposite conductive layer and current collector electrode.
  • a second insulating portion is provided on both sides of the first insulating portion, covering the isolation area between the first and second conductive layers, and/or covering the conductive layers and current collector electrodes on both sides of the first insulating portion.
  • the second insulating portion can provide insulation and isolation between the first and second conductive layers in areas not connected by electrical connectors, preventing conduction between the first and second conductive layers through conductive foreign matter such as solder slag, thereby reducing the risk of short circuits in the solar cell.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a solar cell according to an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view along line A-A in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another solar cell according to an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view along line B-B in Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view along line C-C in Figure 3;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another solar cell according to an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view along line D-D in Figure 3;
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view along line E-E in Figure 3;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a solar cell according to an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view along line A1-A1 in Figure 9;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of another solar cell according to an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view along line B1-B1 in Figure 11;
  • Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view along line C1-C1 in Figure 11;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of another solar cell according to an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view along line D1-D1 in Figure 14;
  • Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view along line E1-E1 in Figure 14.
  • Figures 1-8 10: Battery substrate; 11a: First semiconductor region; 11: First conductive layer; 12a: Second semiconductor region; 12: Second conductive layer; 13: Isolation trench; 14: First current collector electrode; 14a: First connector; 15: Second current collector electrode; 15a: Second connector; 16: First main grid; 17: Second main grid; 20: Insulator; 21: First insulating portion; 22: Second insulating portion; 40: Textured layer; 50: Anti-reflection layer; X: First direction; Y: Second direction.
  • Figures 9-16 10: Battery substrate; 11a: First semiconductor region; 11: First conductive layer; 12a: Second semiconductor region; 12: Second conductive layer; 131: Isolation region; 14: First current collector; 14a: First connector; 15: Second current collector; 15a: Second connector; 161: First busbar; 171: Second busbar; 20: Insulator; 21: First insulating portion; 22: Second insulating portion; 40: Textured layer; 50: Anti-reflective layer; X: First direction; Y: Second direction.
  • first and second in the specification and claims of this application may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.
  • multiple means two or more.
  • and/or in the specification and claims indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character “/” generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an “or” relationship.
  • connection should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components.
  • connection should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components.
  • a solar cell includes: a cell substrate 10 and an insulating member 20.
  • the back side of the cell substrate 10 is provided with a conductive layer and a current collector electrode.
  • the conductive layer includes a first conductive layer 11 and a second conductive layer 12 with opposite conductivity types and arranged alternately along a first direction X.
  • An isolation groove 13 is provided between adjacent first conductive layers 11 and second conductive layers 12.
  • the current collector electrode includes a first current collector electrode 14 disposed on the first conductive layer 11 and a second current collector electrode 15 disposed on the second conductive layer 12.
  • the first current collector electrode 14 is provided with a first connecting portion 14a
  • the second current collector electrode 15 is provided with a second connecting portion 15a.
  • the insulating member 20 includes a first insulating portion 21 and a second insulating portion 22.
  • the first conductive layer 11 is provided with the first insulating portion 21 at the position corresponding to the second connecting portion 15a and the second conductive layer 12 is provided with the first insulating portion 21 at the position corresponding to the first connecting portion 14a.
  • the second insulating portion 22 is provided on both sides of the first insulating portion 21 along the second direction Y, and the second direction Y intersects with the first direction X.
  • the second insulating portion 22 covers the isolation groove 13 between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12 and the second insulating portion 22 protrudes from the first insulating portion 21 in the second direction Y, and/or the second insulating portion 22 covers the conductive layer and the current collector electrode on both sides of the first insulating portion 21 along the second direction Y.
  • the back side of the battery substrate 10 is provided with a first conductive layer 11 and a second conductive layer 12 arranged alternately with opposite electrical types.
  • a first insulating portion 21 is then provided on the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12 so that when the first current collector 14 or the second current collector 15 is connected in series using an electrical connector, the first insulating portion 21 can provide insulation between the electrical connector and the opposite conductive layer or current collector.
  • second insulating portions 22 are provided on both sides of the first insulating portion 21, covering the isolation groove 13 between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12, and/or covering the conductive layers and current collectors on both sides of the first insulating portion 21.
  • the second insulating portion 22 can provide insulation between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12 in areas not connected by electrical connectors, preventing conduction between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12 through conductive foreign matter such as solder slag, thereby reducing the risk of short circuits in the solar cell.
  • the solar cell includes a cell substrate 10, which has a front side and a back side.
  • the front side is the side that receives sunlight.
  • the front side of the cell substrate 10 may be provided with a textured layer 40 and an anti-reflection layer 50 to improve the light absorption rate of the front side of the cell substrate 10.
  • the back side of the cell substrate 10 has intersecting first direction X and second direction Y.
  • a first conductive layer 11 and a second conductive layer 12 are alternately arranged along the first direction X on the back side of the cell substrate 10.
  • An isolation groove 13 is provided between adjacent first conductive layers 11 and second conductive layers 12 to separate the first conductive layers 11 and the second conductive layers 12.
  • the first conductive layer 11 has a first current collector 14 extending along the second direction Y
  • the second conductive layer 12 has a second current collector 15 extending along the second direction Y.
  • the first current collector 14 has a plurality of spaced-apart first connecting portions 14a
  • the second current collector 15 has a plurality of spaced-apart second connecting portions 15a, and the projections of the first connecting portions 14a and the second connecting portions 15a onto a plane perpendicular to the first direction X do not coincide.
  • the electrical connector can be electrically connected to the first confluence portion 14a of multiple first collector electrodes 14 simultaneously along the first direction X to achieve current convergence of multiple first collector electrodes 14, and the electrical connector can be electrically connected to the second confluence portion 15a of multiple second collector electrodes 15 simultaneously along the first direction X to achieve current convergence of multiple second collector electrodes 15.
  • the electrical connector connected to the first connecting portion 14a is the first electrical connector.
  • a first insulating portion 21 is used to insulate the first electrical connector from the second conductive layer 12 and the second collector electrode 15 to prevent short circuits between them.
  • the electrical connector connected to the second connecting portion 15a is the second electrical connector.
  • a first insulating portion 21 is used to insulate the second electrical connector from the first conductive layer 11 and the first collector electrode 14 to prevent short circuits between them.
  • the solar cells in this application can be either grid-connected or gridless solar cells.
  • the electrical connectors refer to the grid lines or busbars; in gridless solar cells, the electrical connectors refer to electrical connectors such as solder strips or busbars.
  • the first collector electrode 14 and the second collector electrode 15 can collect the charge carriers generated by the conversion of the cell substrate 10. Then, by connecting the first collector electrode 14 or the second collector electrode 15 in series through the electrical connector, the charge carriers collected by each collector electrode can be combined and led out of the solar cell.
  • second insulating portions 22 are provided on both sides of the first insulating portion 21 along the second direction Y. That is, in Figures 1 and 3, second insulating portions 22 are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the first insulating portion 21, where the dashed line indicates the junction of the first insulating portion 21 and the second insulating portion 22.
  • the second insulating portion 22 covers the isolation groove 13 between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12 to insulate and isolate the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12 on both sides of the isolation groove 13, preventing conductive foreign objects such as welding slag from falling into the isolation groove 13 during subsequent processing and causing conductivity between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12.
  • second insulating portions 22 are provided on both sides of the first insulating portion 21 along the second direction Y. That is, in FIG6, second insulating portions 22 are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the first insulating portion 21, where the dashed line indicates the boundary position of the first insulating portion 21 and the second insulating portion 22. Furthermore, the second insulating portions 22 cover the conductive layer and current collector electrode of the first insulating portion 21 along both sides of the first insulating portion 21 along the first direction X (that is, the left and right sides of the first insulating portion 21 in FIG6).
  • the second insulating portions 22 covering at least one of the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12, the risk of conduction between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12 due to conductive foreign matter such as welding slag is reduced.
  • the corresponding positions of the first conductive layer 11 and the second connecting portion 15a refer to the areas on the first conductive layer 11 that at least partially overlap with the orthographic projection of the second connecting portion 15a in the first direction X; the corresponding positions of the second conductive layer 12 and the first connecting portion 14a refer to the areas on the second conductive layer 12 that at least partially overlap with the orthographic projection of the first connecting portion 14a in the first direction X.
  • the current collector electrode can be made of a metallic conductive material.
  • the current collector electrode can be a silver electrode, a copper electrode, an alloy electrode, or a multilayer metal electrode.
  • the current collector electrode can also be made of other materials, and can be flexibly set according to the actual situation. This application does not limit this.
  • the current collector electrode forms an ohmic connection with the cell substrate 10.
  • Using a metal conductive material with good conductivity to make the current collector electrode can improve the current collector electrode's ability to collect charge carriers.
  • the second insulating portion 22 covers the isolation groove 13 between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12, and the second insulating portion 22 extends in the first direction X to cover at least part of the exposed first conductive layer 11, and/or the second insulating portion 22 extends in the first direction X to cover at least part of the exposed second conductive layer 12.
  • the second insulating portion 22 when the second insulating portion 22 covers the isolation groove 13 between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12, the second insulating portion 22 extends in the first direction X to both sides of the first conductive layer 11 and/or the second conductive layer 12, so as to cover at least partially exposed first conductive layer 11 and/or second conductive layer 12. This enhances the insulating isolation effect of the second insulating portion 22 between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12, thereby further reducing the risk of short circuit between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12.
  • the width of the second insulating part 22 is D11
  • the width of the isolation groove 13 is W1
  • the distance between the adjacent first collector electrode 14 and the second collector electrode 15 is H1, satisfying: W1-20 ⁇ m ⁇ D11 ⁇ H1.
  • the width D11 of the second insulating portion 22 is set to be greater than or equal to W1-20 ⁇ m, so that the second insulating portion 22 covers the isolation groove 13. This prevents conductive foreign matter such as welding slag from falling into the isolation groove 13 and causing short circuits between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12 on both sides of the isolation groove 13. At the same time, it can cover most of the width of the isolation groove 13 while allowing for certain process errors. Meanwhile, the width D11 of the second insulating portion 22 is set to be less than or equal to the distance H1 between adjacent first collector electrodes 14 and second collector electrodes 15. This allows for both the isolation function of the second insulating portion 22 and the manufacturing cost without affecting the series connection of the collector electrodes.
  • the length of the second insulating part 22 along the second direction Y is L, satisfying: 2.5mm ⁇ L ⁇ 10mm.
  • the length L of the second insulating part 22 can be set to any value or a range between any two values, such as 2.5mm, 3mm, 3.5mm, 4mm, 4.5mm, 5mm, 5.5mm, 6mm, 6.5mm, 7mm, 7.5mm, 8mm, 8.5mm, 9mm, 9.5mm, 10mm.
  • the second insulating part 22 can form an effective insulating isolation effect between adjacent first conductive layer 11 and second conductive layer 12, while avoiding the waste caused by the second insulating part 22 being too long.
  • the length of the second insulating portion 22 between adjacent first connecting portions 14a and second connecting portions 15a is 30%-95% of the shortest distance between adjacent first connecting portions 14a and second connecting portions 15a.
  • the ratio of the length of the second insulating portion 22 to the shortest distance between adjacent first connecting portions 14a and second connecting portions 15a can be set to any value or a range between any two values, such as 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%.
  • the manufacturing cost of the second insulating portion 22 can be saved while ensuring that the second insulating portion 22 forms an effective insulating isolation effect on the area between the adjacent first connecting portion 14a and the second connecting portion 15a.
  • the second insulating portion 22 covers the conductive layer and current collector electrode on both sides of the first insulating portion 21 along the first direction X, and the second insulating portion 22 extends in the first direction X to cover the side wall of the conductive layer adjacent to the isolation groove 13.
  • the second insulating part 22 when the second insulating part 22 covers the conductive layer and current collector electrode on both sides of the first insulating part 21 along the second direction Y, the second insulating part 22 extends in the first direction X to cover the side wall of the conductive layer adjacent to the isolation groove 13, so as to increase the coverage area of the conductive layer by the second insulating part 22, which helps to improve the insulation and isolation effect of the second insulating part 22 and further reduce the risk of short circuit between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12.
  • a second insulating portion 22 is provided on both sides of the first insulating portion 21 on the first conductive layer 11.
  • the second insulating portion 22 covers the first conductive layer 11 and the first current collector electrode 14 on both sides of the first insulating portion 21. Furthermore, the second insulating portion 22 extends in the first direction X to cover the sidewall of the first conductive layer 11 adjacent to the isolation groove 13.
  • a second insulating portion 22 is provided on both sides of the first insulating portion 21 on the second conductive layer 12.
  • the second insulating portion 22 covers the second conductive layer 12 and the second collector electrode 15 on both sides of the first insulating portion 21. Furthermore, the second insulating portion 22 extends in the first direction X to cover the sidewall of the second conductive layer 12 adjacent to the isolation groove 13.
  • the second insulating portion 22 extends in the first direction X to cover the adjacent isolation groove 13.
  • the second insulating portion 22 when the second insulating portion 22 covers the conductive layer and current collector electrode on both sides of the first insulating portion 21 along the second direction Y, the second insulating portion 22 extends in the first direction X to cover the adjacent isolation groove 13.
  • the second insulating portion 22 simultaneously forms insulation isolation for the conductive layer and its adjacent isolation groove 13, which can further enhance the insulation isolation effect of the second insulating portion 22 and reduce the risk of short circuit between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12.
  • the second insulating portion 22 extends in the first direction X to cover an adjacent conductive layer of the opposite conductivity type.
  • the second insulating portion 22 when the second insulating portion 22 covers the conductive layers and current collector electrodes on both sides of the first insulating portion 21 along the second direction Y, the second insulating portion 22 extends in the first direction X to cover an adjacent conductive layer of the opposite conductivity type. This increases the coverage area of the second insulating portion 22, thereby enhancing its insulating isolation effect between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12, and reducing the risk of short circuits between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12 due to conductive foreign matter such as solder slag.
  • the second insulating portions 22 on both sides of the first insulating portion 21 extend to cover the isolation groove 13 adjacent to the first conductive layer 11 and a portion of the second conductive layer 12.
  • the second insulating portion 22 extends to cover the isolation groove 13 adjacent to the second conductive layer 12 and a portion of the first conductive layer 11.
  • the width of the second insulating part 22 is D12
  • the width of the second conductive layer 12 is W2
  • the distance between two adjacent first collector electrodes 14 is H2, satisfying: W2-20 ⁇ m ⁇ D12 ⁇ H2.
  • the second insulating portion 22 at least partially covers the second conductive layer 12, thereby forming a shielding and isolation on the surface of the second conductive layer 12, preventing adjacent first conductive layers 11 and second conductive layers 12 from becoming conductive due to conductive foreign matter such as solder slag.
  • the width D12 of the second insulating portion 22 is set to be less than or equal to the distance H2 between two adjacent first collector electrodes 14, so that the second insulating portion 22 forms a shielding and covering on the area between two adjacent first collector electrodes 14.
  • the width of the first conductive layer 11 is W3, and the spacing between two adjacent second collector electrodes 15 is H3, satisfying: W3-20 ⁇ m ⁇ D12 ⁇ H3.
  • the second insulating portion 22 at least partially covers the first conductive layer 11. This utilizes the surface of the first conductive layer 11 formed by the second insulating portion 22 to create a shielding and isolation effect, preventing adjacent first conductive layers 11 and second conductive layers 12 from becoming conductive due to conductive foreign matter such as solder slag. Simultaneously, the width D12 of the second insulating portion 22 is set to be less than or equal to the distance H3 between two adjacent second collector electrodes 15, so that the second insulating portion 22 forms a shielding and covering effect on the area between two adjacent first collector electrodes 14.
  • the second insulating portion 22 on the first conductive layer 11 is at least partially connected to the second insulating portion 22 on the adjacent second conductive layer 12 in the first direction X. This ensures the continuity of the second insulating portion 22 on the first conductive layer 11 and the second insulating portion 22 on the adjacent second conductive layer 12 in the first direction X, thereby ensuring the insulating isolation effect of the second insulating portion 22 between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12 in the first direction X.
  • the second insulating portion 22 on the first conductive layer 11 is at least partially connected to the second insulating portion 22 on the adjacent second conductive layer 12 in the second direction Y. This ensures the continuity of the second insulating portion 22 on the first conductive layer 11 and the second insulating portion 22 on the adjacent second conductive layer 12 in the second direction Y, thereby ensuring the insulating isolation effect of the second insulating portion 22 between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12 in the second direction Y.
  • a gap exists between the second insulating portion 22 on the first conductive layer 11 and the second insulating portion 22 on the adjacent second conductive layer 12. Furthermore, while ensuring that the second insulating portion 22 forms an insulating barrier between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12, the amount of material used to prepare the second insulating portion 22 can be appropriately reduced, thus saving production costs.
  • the width of the first insulating portion 21 on the second conductive layer 12 is greater than the width of the first connecting portion 14a, and/or, along the second direction Y, the width of the first insulating portion 21 on the first conductive layer 11 is greater than the width of the second connecting portion 15a.
  • the width of the first insulating portion 21 on the second conductive layer 12 is set to be greater than the width of the first connecting portion 14a, or the width of the first insulating portion 21 on the first conductive layer 11 is set to be greater than the width of the second connecting portion 15a, in order to reduce the precision limitations of the connection operation, facilitate actual processing operations, and at the same time ensure the insulating isolation function of the first insulating portion 21.
  • the widths of the second insulating portion 22 on the first conductive layer 11 and the second insulating portion 22 on the second conductive layer 12 along the first direction X are not equal.
  • the structural design of solar cells requires that the widths of the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12 differ in the first direction X. Therefore, the width of the corresponding second insulating part 22 is reasonably set according to the widths of the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12 in order to better meet the insulation and isolation requirements of different conductive layers.
  • the width of the second insulating part 22 along the first direction X can be determined according to the width of the conductive layer it covers.
  • the specific width can be flexibly set according to the actual situation and is not limited here.
  • the first insulating portion 21 covers the isolation groove 13.
  • the coverage area of the first insulating portion 21 is increased. This effectively avoids short circuits between the electrical connector and the conductive layer of the opposite polarity when the first current collector 14 or the second current collector 15 is connected in series using an electrical connector.
  • the first insulating portion 21 covers the isolation groove 13 and the exposed conductive layer adjacent to the isolation groove 13.
  • embodiments of this application also provide a photovoltaic module, including: the solar cell described in the above embodiments.
  • the back side of the battery substrate 10 is provided with a first conductive layer 11 and a second conductive layer 12 arranged alternately with opposite electrical types.
  • a first insulating portion 21 is then provided on the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12 so that when the first current collector 14 or the second current collector 15 is connected in series using an electrical connector, the first insulating portion 21 can provide insulation between the electrical connector and the opposite conductive layer or current collector.
  • second insulating portions 22 are provided on both sides of the first insulating portion 21, covering the isolation groove 13 between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12, and/or covering the conductive layers and current collectors on both sides of the first insulating portion 21.
  • the second insulating portion 22 can provide insulation between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12 in areas not connected by electrical connectors, preventing conduction between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12 through conductive foreign matter such as solder slag, thereby reducing the risk of short circuits in the solar cell.
  • the photovoltaic module further includes an electrical connector, wherein multiple solar cells are configured, and the electrical connector is electrically connected to the confluence portion of the current collecting electrodes in the solar cells. Furthermore, multiple solar cells can be connected in series to form a battery string via the electrical connector.
  • the solar cell can be a gridless cell, and the electrical connector is directly electrically connected to the confluence of current collectors on the cell substrate 10.
  • the electrical connector may include a first electrical connector and a second electrical connector extending along a first direction X.
  • the first electrical connector may be electrically connected to the first confluence 14a of multiple first current collectors 14, and a first insulating portion 21 is provided between the first electrical connector and the second current collector 15 for insulation isolation.
  • the second electrical connector may be electrically connected to the second confluence 15a of multiple second current collectors 15, and a first insulating portion 21 is provided between the second electrical connector and the first current collector 14 for insulation isolation.
  • the solar cell can be a grid cell, and the surface of the solar cell is also provided with a grid.
  • the grid is connected to the collector electrode through the grid, and then connected to the grid using an electrical connector to realize the electrical connection of multiple solar cells.
  • the main grid includes a first main grid 16 and a second main grid 17 extending along a first direction X.
  • the first main grid 16 is electrically connected to the first connecting portions 14a of multiple first collector electrodes 14, and a first insulating portion 21 is provided between the first main grid 16 and the second collector electrodes 15 for insulation isolation.
  • the second main grid 17 is electrically connected to the second connecting portions 15a of multiple second collector electrodes 15, and a first insulating portion 21 is provided between the second main grid 17 and the first collector electrodes 14 for insulation isolation.
  • the electrical connection of multiple solar cells can be realized.
  • a solar cell includes: a cell substrate 10 and an insulating member 20.
  • the back side of the cell substrate 10 is provided with a conductive layer and a current collector electrode.
  • the conductive layer includes a first conductive layer 11 and a second conductive layer 12 with opposite conductivity types and arranged alternately along a first direction X.
  • An isolation region 131 is provided between adjacent first conductive layers 11 and second conductive layers 12.
  • the current collector electrode includes a first current collector electrode 14 disposed on the first conductive layer 11 and a second current collector electrode 15 disposed on the second conductive layer 12.
  • the first current collector electrode 14 is provided with a first connecting portion 14a
  • the second current collector electrode 15 is provided with a second connecting portion 15a.
  • the insulating component 20 includes a first insulating portion 21 and a second insulating portion 22.
  • the first conductive layer 11 is provided with the first insulating portion 21 at the position corresponding to the second connecting portion 15a and the second conductive layer 12 is provided with the first insulating portion 21 at the position corresponding to the first connecting portion 14a.
  • the second insulating portion 22 is provided on both sides of the first insulating portion 21 along the second direction Y, and the second direction Y intersects the first direction X.
  • the second insulating portion 22 covers the conductive layers on both sides of the first insulating portion 21 along the second direction Y and the current collecting electrodes thereon.
  • the back side of the battery substrate 10 is provided with a first conductive layer 11 and a second conductive layer 12 arranged alternately with opposite electrical types.
  • a first insulating portion 21 is then provided on the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12. This allows the first insulating portion 21 to provide insulation between the electrical connector and the opposite conductive layer and the current collector when the first current collector 14 or the second current collector 15 is connected in series using an electrical connector.
  • a second insulating portion 22 is provided on both sides of the first insulating portion 21, covering the conductive layers and current collectors on both sides of the first insulating portion 21.
  • the second insulating portion 22 provides insulation between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12 in areas not connected by electrical connectors, preventing conduction between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12 through conductive foreign matter such as solder slag, thereby reducing the risk of short circuits in the solar cell. This also improves the insulation effect of the first and second conductive layers and facilitates the overall fabrication of the insulating component 20.
  • the solar cell includes a cell substrate 10, which has a front side and a back side.
  • the front side is the side that receives sunlight.
  • the front side of the cell substrate 10 may be provided with a textured layer 40 and an anti-reflective layer 50 to improve the light absorption rate of the front side of the cell substrate 10.
  • the back side of the cell substrate 10 has intersecting first direction X and second direction Y.
  • a first conductive layer 11 and a second conductive layer 12 are alternately arranged along the first direction X.
  • An isolation region 131 is provided between adjacent first conductive layers 11 and second conductive layers 12 to separate the first conductive layers 11 and second conductive layers 12.
  • the second direction Y is perpendicular to the first direction X.
  • the first conductive layer 11 has a first current collector 14 extending along the second direction Y
  • the second conductive layer 12 has a second current collector 15 extending along the second direction Y.
  • the first current collector 14 has a plurality of spaced-apart first connecting portions 14a
  • the second current collector 15 has a plurality of spaced-apart second connecting portions 15a, and the projections of the first connecting portions 14a and the second connecting portions 15a onto a plane perpendicular to the first direction X do not coincide.
  • the electrical connector can be electrically connected to the first confluence portion 14a of multiple first collector electrodes 14 simultaneously along the first direction X to achieve current convergence of multiple first collector electrodes 14, and the electrical connector can be electrically connected to the second confluence portion 15a of multiple second collector electrodes 15 simultaneously along the first direction X to achieve current convergence of multiple second collector electrodes 15.
  • the electrical connector connected to the first connecting portion 14a is the first electrical connector.
  • a first insulating portion 21 is used to insulate the first electrical connector from the second conductive layer 12 and the second collector electrode 15 to prevent short circuits between them.
  • the electrical connector connected to the second connecting portion 15a is the second electrical connector.
  • a first insulating portion 21 is used to insulate the second electrical connector from the first conductive layer 11 and the first collector electrode 14 to prevent short circuits between them.
  • first connection portion 14a is the portion of the first collector electrode 14 used for connection with the first electrical connector.
  • the second connection portion 15a is the portion of the second collector electrode 15 used for connection with the second electrical connector.
  • the first connection portion 14a and the second connection portion 15a can be areas on the collector electrode used for electrical connection, widened portions provided on the collector electrode, or pads provided on the collector electrode for connecting the electrical connector.
  • the first collector electrode 14 and the second collector electrode 15 can collect the charge carriers generated by the conversion of the cell substrate 10. Then, by connecting the first collector electrode 14 or the second collector electrode 15 in series through the electrical connector, the charge carriers collected by each collector electrode can be combined and led out of the solar cell.
  • second insulating portions 22 are provided on both sides of the first insulating portion 21 along the second direction Y. That is, in FIG14, second insulating portions 22 are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the first insulating portion 21, wherein the dashed line indicates the boundary position of the first insulating portion 21 and the second insulating portion 22. Furthermore, the second insulating portions 22 cover the conductive layer and current collector electrode of the first insulating portion 21 along both sides of the second direction Y (that is, the left and right sides of the first insulating portion 21 in FIG14).
  • the corresponding positions of the first conductive layer 11 and the second connecting portion 15a refer to the areas on the first conductive layer 11 that at least partially overlap with the orthographic projection of the second connecting portion 15a in the first direction X; the corresponding positions of the second conductive layer 12 and the first connecting portion 14a refer to the areas on the second conductive layer 12 that at least partially overlap with the orthographic projection of the first connecting portion 14a in the first direction X.
  • the current collector electrode can be made of a metallic conductive material.
  • the current collector electrode can be a silver electrode, a copper electrode, an alloy electrode, or a multilayer metal electrode.
  • the current collector electrode can also be made of other materials, and can be flexibly set according to the actual situation. This application does not limit this.
  • the current collector electrode forms an ohmic connection with the cell substrate 10.
  • Using a metal conductive material with good conductivity to make the current collector electrode can improve the current collector electrode's ability to collect charge carriers.
  • the second insulating portion 22 covers the conductive layer and the current collector electrode on both sides of the first insulating portion 21 along the second direction Y, and the second insulating portion 22 at least partially covers the sidewall of the conductive layer adjacent to the isolation region 131.
  • the second insulating portion 22 covers the conductive layers and current collector electrodes on both sides of the first insulating portion 21 along the second direction Y
  • the second insulating portion 22 extends in the first direction X to cover the sidewall of the conductive layer adjacent to the isolation region 131, thereby increasing the area covered by the second insulating portion 22 on the conductive layer. This helps to improve the insulation and isolation effect of the second insulating portion 22 and further reduces the risk of short circuit between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12.
  • a second insulating portion 22 is provided on both sides of the first insulating portion 21 on the first conductive layer 11.
  • the second insulating portion 22 covers the first conductive layer 11 and the first collector electrode 14 on both sides of the first insulating portion 21. Furthermore, the second insulating portion 22 extends in the first direction X to cover the sidewall of the first conductive layer 11 adjacent to the isolation region 131.
  • a second insulating portion 22 is provided on both sides of the first insulating portion 21 on the second conductive layer 12.
  • the second insulating portion 22 covers the second conductive layer 12 and the second collector electrode 15 on both sides of the first insulating portion 21. Furthermore, the second insulating portion 22 extends in the first direction X to cover the sidewall of the second conductive layer 12 adjacent to the isolation region 131.
  • the second insulating portion 22 at least partially covers the adjacent isolation region 131.
  • the second insulating portion 22 at least partially covers an adjacent conductive layer of the opposite conductivity type.
  • the second insulating portion 22 while the second insulating portion 22 covers the conductive layers and current collector electrodes on both sides of the first insulating portion 21 along the second direction Y, the second insulating portion 22 extends in the first direction X to cover an adjacent conductive layer of the opposite conductivity type. This increases the coverage area of the second insulating portion 22.
  • the second insulating portion 22 on adjacent conductive layers can be appropriately supplemented, thereby enhancing the insulating isolation effect of the second insulating portion 22 between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12. This reduces the risk of short circuits between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12 due to conductive foreign matter such as weld slag.
  • the second insulating portions 22 on both sides of the first insulating portion 21 extend to cover the isolation region 131 adjacent to the first conductive layer 11 and a portion of the second conductive layer 12.
  • the second insulating portions 22 extend to cover the isolation region 131 adjacent to the second conductive layer 12 and a portion of the first conductive layer 11.
  • the width of the second insulating portion 22 is D12
  • the width of the second conductive layer 12 is W2
  • the spacing between two adjacent first collector electrodes 14 is H2
  • the second insulating portion 22 covering the second conductive layer 12 satisfies: W2-20 ⁇ m ⁇ D12 ⁇ H2.
  • the second insulating portion 22 at least partially covers the second conductive layer 12. Simultaneously, it can cover most of the width of the second conductive layer 12 while allowing for certain process errors. This allows the second insulating portion 22 to form a shielding and isolation effect on the surface of the second conductive layer 12, preventing adjacent first conductive layers 11 and 12 from becoming conductive due to conductive foreign matter such as solder slag.
  • the width of the first conductive layer 11 is W3
  • the spacing between two adjacent second collector electrodes 15 is H3
  • the second insulating portion 22 covering the first conductive layer 11 satisfies: W3-20 ⁇ m ⁇ D12 ⁇ H3.
  • the second insulating portion 22 at least partially covers the first conductive layer 11. Simultaneously, it can cover most of the width of the first conductive layer 11 while allowing for certain process errors. This allows the surface of the first conductive layer 11 to be shielded and isolated by the second insulating portion 22, preventing adjacent first conductive layers 11 and second conductive layers 12 from becoming conductive due to conductive foreign matter such as solder slag. Simultaneously, the width D12 of the second insulating portion 22 is set to be less than or equal to the distance H3 between two adjacent second collector electrodes 15, so that the second insulating portion 22 can shield and cover the area between two adjacent first collector electrodes 14.
  • the second insulating portion 22 on the first conductive layer 11 is at least partially connected to the second insulating portion 22 on the adjacent second conductive layer 12 in the first direction X. This ensures the continuity of the second insulating portion 22 on the first conductive layer 11 and the second insulating portion 22 on the adjacent second conductive layer 12 in the first direction X, thereby ensuring the insulating isolation effect of the second insulating portion 22 between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12 in the first direction X.
  • the second insulating portion 22 on the first conductive layer 11 is at least partially connected to the second insulating portion 22 on the adjacent second conductive layer 12 in the second direction Y. This ensures the continuity of the second insulating portion 22 on the first conductive layer 11 and the second insulating portion 22 on the adjacent second conductive layer 12 in the second direction Y, thereby ensuring the insulating isolation effect of the second insulating portion 22 between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12 in the second direction Y.
  • a gap exists between the second insulating portion 22 on the first conductive layer 11 and the second insulating portion 22 on the adjacent second conductive layer 12. Furthermore, while ensuring that the second insulating portion 22 forms an insulating barrier between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12, the amount of material used to prepare the second insulating portion 22 can be appropriately reduced, production costs can be saved, and warping of the solar cell can be reduced.
  • the width of the first insulating portion 21 on the second conductive layer 12 is greater than the width of the first connecting portion 14a along the second direction Y, and/or, the width of the first insulating portion 21 on the first conductive layer 11 is greater than the width of the second connecting portion 15a along the second direction Y.
  • the width of the first insulating portion 21 on the second conductive layer 12 is set to be greater than the width of the first connecting portion 14a, or the width of the first insulating portion 21 on the first conductive layer 11 is set to be greater than the width of the second connecting portion 15a, in order to reduce the precision limitations of the connection operation, facilitate actual processing operations, and at the same time ensure the insulating isolation function of the first insulating portion 21.
  • the structural design of solar cells requires that the widths of the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12 differ in the first direction X. Therefore, the width of the corresponding second insulating part 22 is reasonably set according to the widths of the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12 in order to better meet the insulation and isolation requirements of different conductive layers.
  • the width of the second insulating part 22 along the first direction X can be determined according to the width of the conductive layer it covers.
  • the specific width can be flexibly set according to the actual situation and is not limited here.
  • the solar cell of this application includes: a cell substrate 10 and an insulating member 20.
  • the back side of the cell substrate 10 is provided with a conductive layer and a current collector electrode.
  • the conductive layer includes a first conductive layer 11 and a second conductive layer 12 with opposite conductivity types and arranged alternately along a first direction X.
  • An isolation region 131 is provided between adjacent first conductive layers 11 and second conductive layers 12.
  • the current collector electrode includes a first current collector electrode 14 disposed on the first conductive layer 11 and a second current collector electrode 15 disposed on the second conductive layer 12.
  • the first current collector electrode 14 is provided with a first connecting portion 14a
  • the second current collector electrode 15 is provided with a second connecting portion 15a.
  • the insulating component 20 includes a first insulating portion 21 and a second insulating portion 22.
  • the first conductive layer 11 is provided with the first insulating portion 21 at the position corresponding to the second connecting portion 15a and the second conductive layer 12 is provided with the first insulating portion 21 at the position corresponding to the first connecting portion 14a.
  • the second insulating portion 22 is provided on both sides of the first insulating portion 21 along the second direction Y, and the second direction Y intersects with the first direction X.
  • the second insulating portion 22 covers the isolation area 131 between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12 and protrudes from the first insulating portion 21 in the second direction Y.
  • the back side of the battery substrate 10 is provided with a first conductive layer 11 and a second conductive layer 12 arranged alternately with opposite electrical types.
  • a first insulating portion 21 is then provided on the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12. This allows the first insulating portion 21 to provide insulation between the electrical connector and the opposite conductive layer or current collector when the first current collector 14 or the second current collector 15 is connected in series using an electrical connector.
  • second insulating portions 22 are provided on both sides of the first insulating portion 21, covering the isolation area 131 between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12, and protruding from the first insulating portion 21 in the second direction Y.
  • the second insulating portion 22 provides insulation between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12 in areas not connected by electrical connectors, preventing conduction between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12 through conductive foreign matter such as solder slag, thereby reducing the risk of short circuits in the solar cell. Meanwhile, by adopting the structural design of the insulating component 20 of this application, the material for manufacturing the insulating component 20 can be saved, and the problem of warping of solar cells can be reduced.
  • second insulating portions 22 are provided on both sides of the first insulating portion 21 along the second direction Y. That is, in Figures 9 and 11, second insulating portions 22 are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the first insulating portion 21, where the dashed line indicates the junction of the first insulating portion 21 and the second insulating portion 22.
  • the second insulating portion 22 covers the isolation region 131 between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12 to insulate and isolate the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12 on both sides of the isolation region 131, preventing conductive foreign objects such as welding slag from falling into the isolation region 131 during subsequent processing and causing conductivity between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12.
  • the second insulating portion 22 covers the isolation region 131 between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12, and the second insulating portion 22 covers at least a portion of the first conductive layer 11 in the first direction X, and/or the second insulating portion 22 covers at least a portion of the second conductive layer 12 in the first direction X.
  • the second insulating portion 22 covers the isolation region 131 between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12, the second insulating portion 22 extends in the first direction X to both sides of the first conductive layer 11 and/or the second conductive layer 12, so as to cover at least partially exposed first conductive layer 11 and/or second conductive layer 12. This enhances the insulating isolation effect of the second insulating portion 22 between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12, thereby further reducing the risk of short circuit between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12.
  • the width of the second insulating portion 22 is D11
  • the width of the isolation region 131 is W1
  • the distance between adjacent first collector electrode 14 and second collector electrode 15 is H1, satisfying: W1-20 ⁇ m ⁇ D11 ⁇ H1.
  • the width D11 of the second insulating portion 22 is set to be greater than or equal to W1-20 ⁇ m, so that the second insulating portion 22 covers the isolation region 131. This prevents conductive foreign matter such as solder slag from falling into the isolation region 131 and causing a short circuit between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12 on both sides of the isolation region 131. At the same time, it can cover most of the width of the isolation region 131 while allowing for certain process errors. Meanwhile, setting the width D11 of the second insulating portion 22 to be less than or equal to the distance H1 between adjacent first collector electrodes 14 and second collector electrodes 15 can balance the isolation function of the second insulating portion 22 with manufacturing cost.
  • the second insulating part 22 can form an effective insulating isolation effect between adjacent first conductive layer 11 and second conductive layer 12, while avoiding the waste caused by the second insulating part 22 being too long.
  • the length of the second insulating portion 22 between adjacent first connecting portions 14a and second connecting portions 15a is 30%-95% of the shortest distance between adjacent first connecting portions 14a and second connecting portions 15a.
  • the ratio of the length of the second insulating portion 22 to the shortest distance between adjacent first connecting portions 14a and second connecting portions 15a can be set to any value or a range between any two values, such as 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%.
  • the manufacturing cost of the second insulating portion 22 can be saved while ensuring that the second insulating portion 22 forms an effective insulating isolation effect on the area between the adjacent first connecting portion 14a and the second connecting portion 15a.
  • the second insulating portion 22 can be designed in the manner described in any of the above embodiments.
  • the first insulating portion 21 also covers the isolation region 131.
  • the coverage area of the first insulating portion 21 is increased. This effectively avoids short circuits between the electrical connector and the opposite conductive layer when the first current collector 14 or the second current collector 15 is connected in series using an electrical connector.
  • the first insulating portion 21 also covers the isolation region 131 and the exposed conductive layer adjacent to the isolation region 131.
  • the width of the isolation region on the solar cell is 30 ⁇ m-600 ⁇ m.
  • the width of the isolation region is relatively large compared to the weld spatter, and even if there are holes or weak points in the second insulation portion, the wider isolation region can reduce the risk of short circuits between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12.
  • the isolation region 131 improves the problem of weld spatter short circuits from the perspective of physical distance.
  • This application also provides a photovoltaic module, including: the solar cell in any of the above embodiments.
  • the back side of the battery substrate 10 is provided with a first conductive layer 11 and a second conductive layer 12 arranged alternately with opposite electrical types.
  • a first insulating portion 21 is then provided on the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12. This allows the first insulating portion 21 to provide insulation between the electrical connector and the opposite conductive layer and the current collector when the first current collector 14 or the second current collector 15 is connected in series using an electrical connector.
  • second insulating portions 22 are provided on both sides of the first insulating portion 21, covering the isolation area 131 between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12, and/or covering the conductive layers and current collectors on both sides of the first insulating portion 21.
  • the second insulating portion 22 provides insulation between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12 in areas not connected by electrical connectors, preventing conduction between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 12 through conductive foreign matter such as solder slag, thereby reducing the risk of short circuits in the solar cell.
  • the first insulating part 21 can be continuous with the second insulating part 22, as shown in Figures 9, 11, and 14. This avoids the risk of short circuits caused by conductive foreign matter such as welding slag falling into the gap between the first insulating part 21 and the second insulating part 22 under abnormal conditions.
  • a gap can also exist between the first insulating part 21 and the second insulating part 22 (not shown in the figures). This not only saves on insulating material but also facilitates the independent installation and fabrication of the first and second insulating parts.
  • the solar cell can be a battery without a busbar, and the electrical connector is directly electrically connected to the connecting portion of the current collector electrode on the battery substrate 10.
  • the electrical connector may include a first electrical connector and a second electrical connector extending along a first direction X, wherein the first electrical connector can be electrically connected simultaneously to the first connecting portion 14a of multiple first current collector electrodes 14, and a first insulating portion 21 is provided between the first electrical connector and the second current collector electrode 15 for insulation isolation.
  • the second electrical connector can be electrically connected simultaneously to the second connecting portion 15a of multiple second current collector electrodes 15, and a first insulating portion 21 is provided between the second electrical connector and the first current collector electrode 14 for insulation isolation.
  • the solar cell can be a cell with a current collector.
  • the surface of the solar cell is further provided with a current collector, and the portion where the current collector intersects with the current collector electrode is a connecting portion.
  • An electrical connector is used to connect the current collector to the connecting portion to achieve electrical connection of multiple solar cells.
  • the current collector can be an electrode with a current-collecting function disposed on the surface of the solar cell.
  • This current-collecting electrode can be a single electrode, an electrode divided into multiple segments, or electrode segments disposed at both ends of the cell.
  • the current collector can also be a current collector formed on the surface of the solar cell using a conductive material such as a tin alloy.
  • the current collector can also be other forms of components with a current-collecting function.
  • an auxiliary connecting block is provided between the confluence portion of the current collector electrode and the electrical connector.
  • the height difference between the top surface of the auxiliary connecting block and the top surface of the first insulating portion is less than or equal to 15 ⁇ m.
  • the top surface of the auxiliary connecting block and the top surface of the first insulating portion are their top surfaces furthest from the battery substrate 10, and this height is in the thickness direction of the battery substrate 10.
  • the connection between the current collector electrode and the electrical connector can be assisted, thereby improving the connection strength between the current collector electrode and the electrical connector. Furthermore, the height difference between the top surface of the auxiliary connecting block and the top surface of the first insulating portion is within 15 ⁇ m, thereby avoiding the impact of the first insulating portion being set too high or too low on the connection operation between the electrical connector and the connecting portion.
  • the connecting portion includes a first connecting portion 14a on the first collector electrode and a second connecting portion 15a on the second collector electrode. It should be noted that the connecting portion of the collector electrode can be part of the collector electrode itself, or it can be a separate component on the collector electrode for connection with an electrical connector. It can be flexibly configured according to actual conditions and is not limited here.
  • the auxiliary connection block may be an auxiliary connection disposed between the confluence portion of the current collector electrode and the electrical connector, or it may be an auxiliary connection layer disposed on the side of the electrical connector facing the current collector electrode.
  • the thickness of the second insulating portion 22 is 20 ⁇ m-80 ⁇ m along the thickness direction of the battery substrate 10.
  • the thickness of the second insulating portion 22 can be set to any value or a range between any two values, such as 80 ⁇ m, 70 ⁇ m, 60 ⁇ m, 50 ⁇ m, 40 ⁇ m, 30 ⁇ m, 20 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the first insulating portion 21 along the thickness direction of the battery substrate 10 is 20 ⁇ m-80 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the first insulating portion 21 can be set to any value or a range between any two values, such as 80 ⁇ m, 70 ⁇ m, 60 ⁇ m, 50 ⁇ m, 40 ⁇ m, 30 ⁇ m, 20 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the first insulating part 21 and the second insulating part 22 in the insulating member 20 it is ensured that when conductive foreign objects such as welding slag fall on the insulating member 20, they will not puncture the first insulating part 21 or the second insulating part 22, thus preventing the conductive foreign objects from short-circuiting through the insulating member 20 and the conductive layer.
  • the distance between the centerline of the electrical connector and the center of the confluence portion is less than or equal to 2 mm.
  • the distance is 0.1 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.8 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.7 mm, 2 mm, etc.
  • the centerline of the electrical connector refers to the geometric centerline of the orthographic projection of the electrical connector on the back of the battery substrate 10
  • the center of the converging part refers to the geometric center point of the orthographic projection of the converging part on the back of the battery substrate 10.
  • the second insulating portion and/or the first insulating portion has conductive particles, and the minimum distance between the first conductive layer, the second conductive layer, the first current collector, the second current collector, and the conductive particles is greater than 10 ⁇ m.
  • the distance between the conductive particles and the conductive layer or current collector can be 10 ⁇ m, 11 ⁇ m, 13 ⁇ m, 15 ⁇ m, 16 ⁇ m, 18 ⁇ m, 20 ⁇ m, etc.
  • the distance between the conductive particles (e.g., welding slag) and the conductive structures such as the conductive layer and current collector is relatively large, and the first insulating portion and the second insulating portion in between provide isolation, which can further reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • an auxiliary connecting block is provided between the connecting portion and the electrical connector.
  • Conductive particles are present on the battery substrate 10 near the auxiliary connecting block, and the maximum distance between the conductive particles and the auxiliary connecting block is less than 30 mm; and/or, the size of the auxiliary connecting block is less than 2000 ⁇ m.
  • the maximum distance between the conductive particles and the auxiliary connecting block can be 30 mm, 25 mm, 22 mm, 20 mm, 18 mm, 15 mm, 13 mm, 11 mm, 10 mm, 8 mm, 5 mm, etc.
  • the maximum size of the auxiliary connecting block can be 2000 ⁇ m, 1800 ⁇ m, 1500 ⁇ m, 1200 ⁇ m, 1000 ⁇ m, 800 ⁇ m, etc.
  • the problem of excessive and large conductive particles (weld slag) spatter caused by an oversized auxiliary connecting block can be improved.
  • This allows for a reduction in the distance and amount of conductive particle (weld slag) spatter from the direction of the auxiliary connecting block.
  • the force of the conductive particle spatter can be weakened, preventing the conductive particles from piercing the first insulating part 21 and the second insulating part 22, thereby further reducing the risk of short circuits.
  • references to terms such as “one embodiment,” “some embodiments,” “illustrative embodiment,” “example,” “specific example,” or “some examples,” etc. indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application.
  • the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.
  • the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种太阳能电池及光伏组件，太阳能电池包括：电池基体和绝缘件，电池基体的背面设有导电层和集电电极，相邻的第一导电层和第二导电层之间设有隔离槽，第一集电电极设有第一汇连部，第二集电电极设有第二汇连部；绝缘件包括第一绝缘部和第二绝缘部，第一导电层在与第二汇连部对应位置以及第二导电层在与第一汇连部对应位置均设有第一绝缘部；沿第二方向第二绝缘部设于第一绝缘部的两侧；第二绝缘部覆盖第一导电层与第二导电层之间的隔离槽，和/或，第二绝缘部覆盖第一绝缘部沿第二方向两侧的导电层及集电电极。以利用第二绝缘部对非电连接件连接区域的第一导电层和第二导电层之间形成绝缘隔离，降低太阳能电池短接的风险。

Description

一种太阳能电池及光伏组件
本申请要求在2024年07月19日提交中国专利局、申请号为202421724193.0、申请名称为“一种太阳能电池及光伏组件”的中国专利申请的优先权，以及在2024年10月17日提交中国专利局、申请号为202411457412.8、申请名称为“一种太阳能电池及光伏组件”的中国专利申请的优先权其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请属于光伏技术领域，具体涉及一种太阳能电池及光伏组件。
背景技术
在现有的背接触电池中，包括在硅基体背面交替设置的第一半导体层和第二半导体层，第一半导体层和第二半导体层部分叠加或交叠设置，通常采用激光或蚀刻工艺将第一半导体层和第二半导体层交叠的部分刻蚀形成隔离槽，以将第一半导体层和第二半导体层绝缘隔离开。
然而，在后续的焊接工艺过程中，当锡渣等导电异物落到两种半导体层之间时，会使第一半导体层与第二半导体层之间导通，从而引起漏电问题。
申请内容
本申请旨在提供一种太阳能电池及光伏组件，能够解决在现有的电池中，焊接工艺产生的锡渣等导电异物容易落到两种半导体层之间，引起电池漏电的问题。
为了解决上述技术问题，本申请是这样实现的：
第一方面，本申请实施例提出了一种太阳能电池，包括：电池基体，所述电池基体的背面设有导电层和集电电极，所述导电层包括导电类型相反且沿第一方向交替排布的第一导电层和第二导电层，相邻的第一导电层和第二导电层之间设有隔离槽，所述集电电极包括设于所述第一导电层上的第一集电电极和设于所述第二导电层上的第二集电电极，所述第一集电电极设有第一汇连部，所述第二集电电极设有第二汇连部；
绝缘件，包括第一绝缘部和第二绝缘部，所述第一导电层在与所述第二汇连部对应位置以及所述第二导电层在与所述第一汇连部对应位置均设有所述第一绝缘部；
沿第二方向，所述第二绝缘部设于所述第一绝缘部的两侧，所述第二方向与所述第一方向相交；所述第二绝缘部覆盖所述第一导电层与所述第二导电层之间的隔离槽且所述第二绝缘部在第二方向上突出所述第一绝缘部，和/或，所述第二绝缘部覆盖所述第一绝缘部沿第二方向两侧的导电层及集电电极。
可选地，所述第二绝缘部覆盖所述第一导电层与所述第二导电层之间的隔离槽，且所述第二绝缘部在第一方向上延伸覆盖至少部分裸露的第一导电层，和/或，所述第二绝缘部在第一方向上延伸覆盖至少部分裸露的第二导电层。
可选地，沿所述第一方向，所述第二绝缘部的宽度为D11，所述隔离槽的宽度为W1，相邻的所述第一集电电极与所述第二集电电极之间的间距为H1，满足：W1-20μm≤D11≤H1。
可选地，所述第二绝缘部覆盖所述隔离槽的情况下，沿所述第二方向，所述第二绝缘部的长度为L，满足：2.5mm≤L≤10mm；和/或，
沿所述第二方向，相邻的第一汇连部和第二汇连部之间，所述第二绝缘部的长度占相邻的所述第一汇连部和所述第二汇连部之间最短距离的30％-95％。
可选地，所述第二绝缘部覆盖所述第一绝缘部沿第一方向两侧的导电层及集电电极，且所述第二绝缘部在第一方向上延伸覆盖至所述导电层临近所述隔离槽的侧壁。
可选地，所述第二绝缘部在第一方向上延伸覆盖至相邻的隔离槽。
可选地，所述第二绝缘部在第一方向上延伸覆盖至相邻的另一相反导电类型的导电层。
可选地，沿所述第一方向，所述第二绝缘部的宽度为D12，所述第二导电层的宽度为W2，相邻两个第一集电电极之间的间距为H2，满足：W2-20μm≤D12≤H2；
或，所述第一导电层的宽度为W3，相邻两个所述第二集电电极之间的间距为H3，满足：W3-20μm≤D12≤H3。
可选地，所述第一导电层上的第二绝缘部与相邻的所述第二导电层上的第二绝缘部在第一方向上至少部分连接；
或，所述第一导电层上的第二绝缘部与相邻的所述第二导电层上的第二绝缘部在第二方向上至少部分连接；
或，所述第一导电层上的第二绝缘部与相邻的所述第二导电层上的第二绝缘部之间存有间隙。
可选地，沿所述第二方向，所述第二导电层上的所述第一绝缘部的宽度大于所述第一汇连部的宽度；
和/或，沿所述第二方向，所述第一导电层上的所述第一绝缘部的宽度大于所述第二汇连部的宽度。
可选地，所述第二绝缘部在第一方向上覆盖所述第一绝缘部两侧的导电层及集电电极的情况下，所述第一导电层上的第二绝缘部与所述第二导电层上的第二绝缘部沿所述第一方向的宽度不相等。
可选地，所述第一绝缘部覆盖所述隔离槽，或所述第一绝缘部覆盖所述隔离槽及与所述隔离槽相邻的裸露的导电层。
可选地，所述集电电极为银电极、铜电极、合金电极或多层金属电极。
第二方面，本申请实施例提出了一种光伏组件，包括：如前所述的太阳能电池。
可选地，所述光伏组件还包括电连接件，所述太阳能电池设为多个，所述电连接件与所述太阳能电池中集电电极的汇连部电连接。
可选地，所述电连接件与所述汇连部之间设有主栅。
在本申请的实施例中，电池基体的背面设有电类型相反且间隔交替排布的第一导电层和第二导电层，进而在第一导电层和第二导电层上设置第一绝缘部，以便在利用电连接件对第一集电电极或第二集电电极进行串接时，第一绝缘部可以起到对电连接件与异性导电层或集电电极之间的绝缘隔离。同时，在第一绝缘部两侧设置第二绝缘部，使第二绝缘部覆盖第一导电层与第二导电层之间的隔离槽，和/或，使第二绝缘部覆盖第一绝缘部两侧的导电层及集电电极。这样，利用第二绝缘部可以起到对非电连接件连接区域的第一导电层和第二导电层之间的绝缘隔离，避免第一导电层和第二导电层之间通过焊渣等导电异物导通，从而降低太阳能电池短接的风险。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
本申请旨在提供一种太阳能电池及光伏组件，能够解决在现有的电池中，焊接工艺产生的锡渣等导电异物容易落到两种半导体层之间，引起电池漏电的问题。
为了解决上述技术问题，本申请是这样实现的：
第三方面，本申请实施例提出了一种太阳能电池，包括：电池基体，所述电池基体的背面设有导电层和集电电极，所述导电层包括导电类型相反且沿第一方向交替排布的第一导电层和第二导电层，相邻的第一导电层和第二导电层之间设有隔离区，所述集电电极包括设于所述第一导电层上的第一集电电极和设于所述第二导电层上的第二集电电极，所述第一集电电极设有第一汇连部，所述第二集电电极设有第二汇连部；
绝缘件，包括第一绝缘部和第二绝缘部，所述第一导电层在与所述第二汇连部对应位置以及所述第二导电层在与所述第一汇连部对应位置均设有所述第一绝缘部；
所述第二绝缘部设于所述第一绝缘部沿第二方向的两侧，所述第二方向与所述第一方向相交；所述第二绝缘部覆盖所述第一绝缘部沿第二方向两侧的导电层及其上的集电电极。
第四方面，本申请实施例提出了一种太阳能电池，包括：
电池基体，所述电池基体的背面设有导电层和集电电极，所述导电层包括导电类型相反且沿第一方向交替排布的第一导电层和第二导电层，相邻的第一导电层和第二导电层之间设有隔离区，所述集电电极包括设于所述第一导电层上的第一集电电极和设于所述第二导电层上的第二集电电极，所述第一集电电极设有第一汇连部，所述第二集电电极设有第二汇连部；
绝缘件，包括第一绝缘部和第二绝缘部，所述第一导电层在与所述第二汇连部对应位置以及所述第二导电层在与所述第一汇连部对应位置均设有所述第一绝缘部；
所述第二绝缘部设于所述第一绝缘部沿第二方向的两侧，所述第二方向与所述第一方向相交；所述第二绝缘部覆盖所述第一导电层与所述第二导电层之间的隔离区且所述第二绝缘部在第二方向上突出所述第一绝缘部。
第五方面，本申请实施例提出了一种光伏组件，包括上述任一项所述的太阳能电池。
在本申请的实施例中，电池基体的背面设有电类型相反且间隔交替排布的第一导电层和第二导电层，进而在第一导电层和第二导电层上设置第一绝缘部，以便在利用电连接件对第一集电电极或第二集电电极进行串接时，第一绝缘部可以起到对电连接件与异性导电层、集电电极之间的绝缘隔离。同时，在第一绝缘部两侧设置第二绝缘部，使第二绝缘部覆盖第一导电层与第二导电层之间的隔离区，和/或，使第二绝缘部覆盖第一绝缘部两侧的导电层及集电电极。这样，利用第二绝缘部可以起到对非电连接件连接区域的第一导电层和第二导电层之间的绝缘隔离，避免第一导电层和第二导电层之间通过焊渣等导电异物导通，从而降低太阳能电池短接的风险。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
本申请的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是根据本申请实施例的一种太阳能电池的示意图；
图2是沿图1中A-A线的剖面图；
图3是根据本申请实施例的另一种太阳能电池的示意图；
图4是沿图3中B-B线的剖面图；
图5是沿图3中C-C线的剖面图；
图6是根据本申请实施例的又一种太阳能电池的示意图；
图7是沿图3中D-D线的剖面图；
图8是沿图3中E-E线的剖面图；
图9是根据本申请实施例的一种太阳能电池的示意图；
图10是沿图9中A1-A1线的剖面图；
图11是根据本申请实施例的另一种太阳能电池的示意图；
图12是沿图11中B1-B1线的剖面图；
图13是沿图11中C1-C1线的剖面图；
图14是根据本申请实施例的又一种太阳能电池的示意图；
图15是沿图14中D1-D1线的剖面图；
图16是沿图14中E1-E1线的剖面图。
附图标记：
图1-图8：
10：电池基体；11a：第一半导体区；11：第一导电层；12a：第二半导
体区；12：第二导电层；13：隔离槽；14：第一集电电极；14a：第一汇连部；15：第二集电电极；15a：第二汇连部；16：第一主栅；17：第二主栅；20：绝缘件；21：第一绝缘部；22：第二绝缘部；40：绒面层；50：减反层；X：第一方向；Y：第二方向。
图9-图16：
10：电池基体；11a：第一半导体区；11：第一导电层；12a：第二半导
体区；12：第二导电层；131：隔离区；14：第一集电电极；14a：第一汇连部；15：第二集电电极；15a：第二汇连部；161：第一汇流件；171：第二汇流件；20：绝缘件；21：第一绝缘部；22：第二绝缘部；40：绒面层；50：减反层；X：第一方向；Y：第二方向。
具体实施例
下面将详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书中的术语“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。此外，说明书以及权利要求中“和/或”表示所连接对象的至少其中之一，字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
下面结合附图，通过具体的实施例及其应用场景对本申请实施例提供的太阳能电池及光伏组件进行详细地说明。
如图1至图7所示，根据本申请实施例的一种太阳能电池，包括：电池基体10和绝缘件20，电池基体10的背面设有导电层和集电电极，导电层包括导电类型相反且沿第一方向X交替排布的第一导电层11和第二导电层12，相邻的第一导电层11和第二导电层12之间设有隔离槽13，集电电极包括设于第一导电层11上的第一集电电极14和设于第二导电层12上的第二集电电极15，第一集电电极14设有第一汇连部14a，第二集电电极15设有第二汇连部15a。
进而，绝缘件20包括第一绝缘部21和第二绝缘部22，第一导电层11在与第二汇连部15a对应位置以及第二导电层12在与第一汇连部14a对应位置均设有第一绝缘部21；第二绝缘部22设于第一绝缘部21沿第二方向Y的两侧，第二方向Y与第一方向X相交；第二绝缘部22覆盖第一导电层11与第二导电层12之间的隔离槽13且第二绝缘部22在第二方向Y上突出第一绝缘部21，和/或，第二绝缘部22覆盖第一绝缘部21沿第二方向Y两侧的导电层及集电电极。
在本申请实施例中，电池基体10的背面设有电类型相反且间隔交替排布的第一导电层11和第二导电层12，进而在第一导电层11和第二导电层12上设置第一绝缘部21，以便在利用电连接件对第一集电电极14或第二集电电极15进行串接时，第一绝缘部21可以起到对电连接件与异性导电层或集电电极之间的绝缘隔离。同时，在第一绝缘部21两侧设置第二绝缘部22，使第二绝缘部22覆盖第一导电层11与第二导电层12之间的隔离槽13，和/或，使第二绝缘部22覆盖第一绝缘部21两侧的导电层及集电电极。这样，利用第二绝缘部22可以起到对非电连接件连接区域的第一导电层11和第二导电层12之间的绝缘隔离，避免第一导电层11和第二导电层12之间通过焊渣等导电异物导通，从而降低太阳能电池短接的风险。
具体地，如图1所示，太阳能电池包括电池基体10，电池基体10具有相对的正面和背面，正面为接收太阳光的一面，电池基体10的正面可以设置有绒面层40和减反层50，以提升电池基体10的正面的吸光率。电池基体10的背面具有相交的第一方向X和第二方向Y，在电池基体10的背面设有沿第一方向X交替排布第一导电层11和第二导电层12，相邻的第一导电层11和第二导电层12之间设有隔离槽13，以将第一导电层11和第二导电层12隔开。
其中，第一导电层11上设有沿第二方向Y延伸的第一集电电极14，第二导电层12上设有沿第二方向Y延伸的第二集电电极15。沿第二方向Y，第一集电电极14上设有多个间隔排布的第一汇连部14a，第二集电电极15上设有多个间隔排布的第二汇连部15a，且第一汇连部14a和第二汇连部15a在沿垂直于第一方向X的平面上的投影不重合。
进而，可以利用电连接件沿第一方向X同时与多个第一集电电极14的第一汇连部14a电连接，以实现多个第一集电电极14的电流汇聚，以及可以利用电连接件沿第一方向X同时与多个第二集电电极15的第二汇连部15a电连接，以实现多个第二集电电极15的电流汇聚。
其中，与第一汇连部14a连接的电连接件为第一电连接件，在第一电连接件与第二导电层12和第二集电电极15之间需要使用第一绝缘部21进行绝缘隔离，避免第一电连接件与第二导电层12和第二集电电极15之间短接。相应地，与第二汇连部15a连接的电连接件为第二电连接件，在第二电连接件与第一导电层11和第一集电电极14之间需要使用第一绝缘部21进行绝缘隔离，避免第二电连接件与第一导电层11和第一集电电极14之间短接。
需要说明的是，本申请中的太阳能电池可以为有主栅太阳电池，也可以为无主栅太阳电池。在有主栅太阳电池中，所述电连接件是指主栅线，或汇流电极；在无主栅太阳电池中，所述电连接件是指焊带、汇流条等电连接件。
可以理解的是，在太阳能电池工作过程中，通过第一集电电极14和第二集电电极15可以收集电池基体10转化产生的载流子，进而，通过电连接件对第一集电电极14或第二集电电极15进行串接，可以将各集电电极收集的载流子进行汇流并引出太阳能电池外。
在一些实施例中，如图1和图3所示，沿第二方向Y，第一绝缘部21的两侧设置第二绝缘部22，也即图1和图3中在第一绝缘部21的左右两侧分别设置第二绝缘部22，其中，虚线表示第一绝缘部21和第二绝缘部22的交界位置。进而，使第二绝缘部22覆盖第一导电层11与第二导电层12之间的隔离槽13，以对隔离槽13两侧的第一导电层11与第二导电层12进行绝缘隔离，避免后续加工过程中焊渣等导电异物落到隔离槽13中而导致第一导电层11与第二导电层12之间导通。
在另一些实施例中，如图6所示，沿第二方向Y，第一绝缘部21的两侧设置第二绝缘部22，也即图6中在第一绝缘部21的左右两侧分别设置第二绝缘部22，其中，虚线表示第一绝缘部21和第二绝缘部22的交界位置。进而，使第二绝缘部22覆盖第一绝缘部21沿第一方向X两侧(也即图6中第一绝缘部21左右两侧)的导电层及集电电极。这样，通过第二绝缘部22对第一导电层11和第二导电层12中的至少一个形成覆盖，从而降低第一导电层11与第二导电层12之间由于焊渣等导电异物导通的风险。
可以理解的是，第一导电层11与第二汇连部15a对应位置是指第一导电层11上与第二汇连部15a在第一方向X上的正投影至少部分重合的区域；第二导电层12与第一汇连部14a对应位置是指第二导电层12上与第一汇连部14a在第一方向X上的正投影至少部分重合的区域。
在一些实施例中，集电电极可以选用金属导电材料制成，示例性地，集电电极可以为银电极、铜电极、合金电极或多层金属电极等。当然，集电电极还可以选用其他材质制成，可以根据实际情况灵活设置，本申请在此不做限定。
可以理解的是，在太阳能电池中，集电电极与电池基体10形成欧姆连接，采用导电性较好的金属导电材料制成集电电极，能够提升集电电极收集载流子的能力。
可选地，如图1至图5所示，第二绝缘部22覆盖第一导电层11与第二导电层12之间的隔离槽13，且第二绝缘部22在第一方向X上延伸覆盖至少部分裸露的第一导电层11，和/或，第二绝缘部22在第一方向X上延伸覆盖至少部分裸露的第二导电层12。
在本申请实施例中，在第二绝缘部22覆盖第一导电层11与第二导电层12之间的隔离槽13的情况下，使第二绝缘部22在第一方向X上延伸至隔离槽13两侧的第一导电层11和/或第二导电层12，以利用第二绝缘部22覆盖至少部分裸露的第一导电层11和/或第二导电层12。这样，可以提升第二绝缘部22在第一导电层11和第二导电层12之间的绝缘隔离作用，从而能够进一步降低第一导电层11与第二导电层12短接的风险。
可选地，如图4所示，沿第一方向X，第二绝缘部22的宽度为D11，隔离槽13的宽度为W1，相邻的第一集电电极14与第二集电电极15之间的间距为H1，满足：W1-20μm≤D11≤H1。
在本申请实施例中，在第二绝缘部22覆盖第一导电层11与第二导电层12之间的隔离槽13的情况下，通过设置第二绝缘部22的宽度D11大于等于W1-20μm，以使第二绝缘部22覆盖隔离槽13，进而，避免焊渣等导电异物掉落到隔离槽13中而导致隔离槽13两侧的第一导电层11与第二导电层12短接，同时可以允许一定的工艺误差情况下覆盖隔离槽13的大部分宽度。同时，设置第二绝缘部22的宽度D11小于等于相邻的第一集电电极14与第二集电电极15之间的间距H1，进而在不影响集电电极串接的同时，可以兼顾第二绝缘部22的隔离作用及制备成本。
可选地，如图3所示，第二绝缘部22覆盖隔离槽13的情况下，沿第二方向Y，第二绝缘部22的长度为L，满足：2.5mm≤L≤10mm。具体地，第二绝缘部22的长度L可以设为：2.5mm、3mm、3.5mm、4mm、4.5mm、5mm、5.5mm、6mm、6.5mm、7mm、7.5mm、8mm、8.5mm、9mm、9.5mm、10mm等任意数值或任意两个数值之间的范围。
在本申请实施例中，通过设置第二绝缘部22沿第二方向Y的长度L的合理取值范围，既确保利用第二绝缘部22能够在相邻的第一导电层11和第二导电层12之间形成有效的绝缘隔离作用，又避免第二绝缘部22过长而造成浪费。
可选地，沿第二方向Y，相邻的第一汇连部14a和第二汇连部15a之间，第二绝缘部22的长度占相邻的第一汇连部14a和第二汇连部15a之间最短距离的30％-95％。具体地，第二绝缘部22的长度占相邻的第一汇连部14a和第二汇连部15a之间最短距离的比值可以设为：30％、35％、40％、45％、50％、55％、60％、65％、70％、75％、80％、85％、90％、95％等任意数值或任意两个数值之间的范围。
在本申请实施例中，通过设置第二绝缘部22的长度占相邻的第一汇连部14a和第二汇连部15a之间最短距离的比值范围，进而在确保利用第二绝缘部22对相邻的第一汇连部14a和第二汇连部15a之间的区域形成有效的绝缘隔离作用的同时，可以节省第二绝缘部22的制备成本。
可选地，如图6所示，第二绝缘部22覆盖第一绝缘部21沿第一方向X两侧的导电层及集电电极，且第二绝缘部22在第一方向X上延伸覆盖至导电层临近隔离槽13的侧壁。
在本申请实施例中，在第二绝缘部22覆盖第一绝缘部21沿第二方向Y两侧的导电层及集电电极的情况下，使第二绝缘部22在第一方向X上延伸覆盖至所述导电层临近隔离槽13的侧壁，以增加第二绝缘部22对导电层的覆盖的面积，有助于提高第二绝缘部22的绝缘隔离作用，进一步降低第一导电层11与第二导电层12短接的风险。
在一些实施例中，第一导电层11上的第一绝缘部21的两侧设有第二绝缘部22，该第二绝缘部22覆盖第一绝缘部21两侧的第一导电层11和第一集电电极14，并且，该第二绝缘部22在第一方向X上延伸覆盖第一导电层11临近隔离槽13的侧壁。
在另一些实施例中，第二导电层12上的第一绝缘部21的两侧设有第二绝缘部22，该第二绝缘部22覆盖第一绝缘部21两侧的第二导电层12和第二集电电极15，并且，该第二绝缘部22在第一方向X上延伸覆盖第二导电层12临近隔离槽13的侧壁。
可选地，如图7和图8所示，第二绝缘部22在第一方向X上延伸覆盖至相邻的隔离槽13。
在本申请实施例中，在第二绝缘部22覆盖第一绝缘部21沿第二方向Y两侧的导电层及集电电极的情况下，使第二绝缘部22在第一方向X延伸覆盖至相邻的隔离槽13，从而利用第二绝缘部22同时对导电层及其相邻的隔离槽13形成绝缘隔离，能够进一步提升第二绝缘部22的绝缘隔离作用，从而降低第一导电层11与第二导电层12短接的风险。
可选地，第二绝缘部22在第一方向X上延伸覆盖至相邻的另一相反导电类型的导电层。
在本申请实施例中，在第二绝缘部22覆盖第一绝缘部21沿第二方向Y两侧的导电层及集电电极的情况下，使第二绝缘部22在第一方向X上延伸覆盖至相邻的另一相反导电类型的导电层。这样，可以增加第二绝缘部22覆盖面积，从而提升第二绝缘部22在第一导电层11和第二导电层12之间的绝缘隔离作用，能够降低第一导电层11和第二导电层12之间由于焊渣等导电异物短接的风险。
其中，在第一绝缘部21设于第一导电层11上时，第一绝缘部21两侧的第二绝缘部22延伸覆盖与第一导电层11相邻的隔离槽13以及部分第二导电层12。相应地，在第一绝缘部21设于第二导电层12上时，第二绝缘部22延伸覆盖与第二导电层12相邻的隔离槽13以及部分第一导电层11。
可选地，如图7所示，沿第一方向X，第二绝缘部22的宽度为D12，第二导电层12的宽度为W2，相邻两个第一集电电极14之间的间距为H2，满足：W2-20μm≤D12≤H2。
在本申请实施例中，通过设置第二绝缘部22的宽度D12大于等于W2-20μm，以使第二绝缘部22至少部分覆盖第二导电层12，进而利用第二绝缘部22对第二导电层12的表面形成遮挡隔离，避免相邻的第一导电层11和第二导电层12由于焊渣等导电异物而导通。同时，设置第二绝缘部22的宽度D12小于等于相邻两个第一集电电极14之间的间距H2，以利用第二绝缘部22对相邻两个第一集电电极14之间的区域形成遮挡覆盖。
可选地，如图8所示，第一导电层11的宽度为W3，相邻两个第二集电电极15之间的间距为H3，满足：W3-20μm≤D12≤H3。
在本申请实施例中，通过设置第二绝缘部22的宽度D12大于等于W3-20μm，以使第二绝缘部22至少部分覆盖第一导电层11，进而利用第二绝缘部22第一导电层11的表面形成遮挡隔离，避免相邻的第一导电层11和第二导电层12由于焊渣等导电异物而导通。同时，设置第二绝缘部22的宽度D12小于等于相邻两个第二集电电极15之间的间距H3，以利用第二绝缘部22对相邻两个第一集电电极14之间的区域形成遮挡覆盖。
在一些实施例中，如图1、图3和图6所示，第一导电层11上的第二绝缘部22与相邻的第二导电层12上的第二绝缘部22在第一方向X上至少部分连接。这样，可以确保第一导电层11上的第二绝缘部22与相邻的第二导电层12上的第二绝缘部22之间在第一方向X上的连续性，进而确保第二绝缘部22在第一方向X上对第一导电层11和第二导电层12之间的绝缘隔离作用。
在一些实施例中，如图1、图3和图6所示，第一导电层11上的第二绝缘部22与相邻的第二导电层12上的第二绝缘部22在第二方向Y上至少部分连接。这样，可以确保第一导电层11上的第二绝缘部22与相邻的第二导电层12上的第二绝缘部22之间在第二方向Y上的连续性，进而确保第二绝缘部22在第二方向Y上对第一导电层11和第二导电层12之间的绝缘隔离作用。
在一些实施例中，第一导电层11上的第二绝缘部22与相邻的第二导电层12上的第二绝缘部22之间存有间隙(图中未示出)。进而，在确保利用第二绝缘部22对第一导电层11与第二导电层12之间形成绝缘隔离的同时，可以适当节省制备第二绝缘部22的材料用量，节省生产成本。
在一些实施例中，如图1所示，沿第二方向Y，第二导电层12上的第一绝缘部21的宽度大于第一汇连部14a的宽度，和/或，沿第二方向Y，第一导电层11上的第一绝缘部21的宽度大于第二汇连部15a的宽度。
可以理解的是，在利用电连接件对多个第一集电电极14的第一汇连部14a进行串接，或利用电连接件对多个第二集电电极15的第二汇连部15a进行串接时，电连接件的位置可能会出现一定的偏差。进而，在本申请中通过设置第二导电层12上第一绝缘部21的宽度大于第一汇连部14a的宽度，或设置第一导电层11上第一绝缘部21的宽度大于第二汇连部15a的宽度，以便降低对连接操作的精准度限制，方便实际的加工操作，同时，能够确保第一绝缘部21的绝缘隔离作用。
可选地，如图6所示，第二绝缘部22在第一方向X上覆盖第一绝缘部21两侧的导电层及集电电极的情况下，第一导电层11上的第二绝缘部22与第二导电层12上的第二绝缘部22沿第一方向X的宽度不相等。
可以理解的是，太阳能电池的结构设计需要，第一导电层11与第二导电层12在第一方向X上的宽度存在差异，进而根据第一导电层11和第二导电层12的宽度合理设置对应的第二绝缘部22的宽度，以更好地满足不同导电层的绝缘隔离需求。
其中，第二绝缘部22沿第一方向X的宽度可以根据其所覆盖的导电层的宽度来确定，具体宽度大小可以根据实际情况灵活设置，在此不做限定。
在一些实施例中，如图3和图6所示，第一绝缘部21覆盖隔离槽13。通过在第一导电层11或第二导电层12上设置第一绝缘部21，并使第一绝缘部21延伸覆盖至相邻的隔离槽13，进而增加第一绝缘部21的覆盖面积，以便在利用电连接件对第一集电电极14或第二集电电极15进行串接时，能够有效避免电连接件与异性的导电层之间出现短接的问题。
在一些实施例中，如图3和图6所示，第一绝缘部21覆盖隔离槽13及与隔离槽13相邻的裸露的导电层。通过在第一导电层11或第二导电层12上设置第一绝缘部21，并使第一绝缘部21覆盖隔离槽13及与隔离槽13相邻的裸露的导电层，能够进一步增加第一绝缘部21绝缘隔离作用。
可选地，本申请实施例还提供一种光伏组件，包括：上述实施例中的太阳能电池。
在本申请实施例中，电池基体10的背面设有电类型相反且间隔交替排布的第一导电层11和第二导电层12，进而在第一导电层11和第二导电层12上设置第一绝缘部21，以便在利用电连接件对第一集电电极14或第二集电电极15进行串接时，第一绝缘部21可以起到对电连接件与异性导电层或集电电极之间的绝缘隔离。同时，在第一绝缘部21两侧设置第二绝缘部22，使第二绝缘部22覆盖第一导电层11与第二导电层12之间的隔离槽13，和/或，使第二绝缘部22覆盖第一绝缘部21两侧的导电层及集电电极。这样，利用第二绝缘部22可以起到对非电连接件连接区域的第一导电层11和第二导电层12之间的绝缘隔离，避免第一导电层11和第二导电层12之间通过焊渣等导电异物导通，从而降低太阳能电池短接的风险。
可选地，所述光伏组件还包括电连接件，太阳能电池设为多个，电连接件与太阳能电池中集电电极的汇连部电连接。进而，通过电连接件可以将多个太阳能电池串接形成电池串。
在一些实施例中，太阳能电池可以为无主栅电池，电连接件直接与电池基体10上的集电电极的汇连部电连接。具体地，电连接件可以包括沿第一方向X延伸的第一电连接件和第二电连接件，其中，第一电连接件可以同时与多个第一集电电极14的第一汇连部14a电连接，在第一电连接件与第二集电电极15之间设置第一绝缘部21进行绝缘隔离。第二电连接件可以同时与多个第二集电电极15的第二汇连部15a电连接，在第二电连接件与第一集电电极14之间设置第一绝缘部21进行绝缘隔离。
在另一些实施例中，太阳能电池可以为有主栅电池，太阳能电池的表面还设有主栅，通过主栅与集电电极的汇连部连接，进而再利用电连接件与主栅连接，以实现多个太阳能电池的电连接。
具体地，如图1所示，主栅包括沿第一方向X延伸的第一主栅16和第二主栅17，第一主栅16同时与多个第一集电电极14的第一汇连部14a电连接，并在第一主栅16与第二集电电极15之间设置第一绝缘部21进行绝缘隔离。第二主栅17同时与多个第二集电电极15的第二汇连部15a电连接，并在第二主栅17与第一集电电极14之间设置第一绝缘部21进行绝缘隔离。进而，再利用电连接件将多个太阳能电池的主栅串接在一起，可以实现多个太阳能电池的电连接。
下面结合附图，通过具体的实施例及其应用场景对本申请实施例提供的太阳能电池及光伏组件进行详细地说明。
如图14至图15所示，根据本申请实施例的一种太阳能电池，包括：电池基体10和绝缘件20，电池基体10的背面设有导电层和集电电极，导电层包括导电类型相反且沿第一方向X交替排布的第一导电层11和第二导电层12，相邻的第一导电层11和第二导电层12之间设有隔离区131，集电电极包括设于第一导电层11上的第一集电电极14和设于第二导电层12上的第二集电电极15，第一集电电极14设有第一汇连部14a，第二集电电极15设有第二汇连部15a。
其中，绝缘件20包括第一绝缘部21和第二绝缘部22，第一导电层11在与第二汇连部15a对应位置以及第二导电层12在与第一汇连部14a对应位置均设有第一绝缘部21；第二绝缘部22设于第一绝缘部21沿第二方向Y的两侧，第二方向Y与第一方向X相交；第二绝缘部22覆盖第一绝缘部21沿第二方向Y两侧的导电层及其上的集电电极。
在本申请实施例中，电池基体10的背面设有电类型相反且间隔交替排布的第一导电层11和第二导电层12，进而在第一导电层11和第二导电层12上设置第一绝缘部21，以便在利用电连接件对第一集电电极14或第二集电电极15进行串接时，第一绝缘部21可以起到对电连接件与异性导电层、集电电极之间的绝缘隔离。同时，在第一绝缘部21两侧设置第二绝缘部22，使第二绝缘部22覆盖第一绝缘部21两侧的导电层及其上的集电电极。这样，利用第二绝缘部22可以起到对非电连接件连接区域的第一导电层11和第二导电层12之间的绝缘隔离，避免第一导电层11和第二导电层12之间通过焊渣等导电异物导通，从而降低太阳能电池短接的风险。同时，能够提升第一、第二导电层的绝缘效果，也方便绝缘件20整体的加工制备。
具体地，如图15所示，太阳能电池包括电池基体10，电池基体10具有相对的正面和背面，正面为接收太阳光的一面，电池基体10的正面可以设置有绒面层40和减反层50，以提升电池基体10的正面的吸光率。如图14所示，电池基体10的背面具有相交的第一方向X和第二方向Y，在电池基体10的背面设有沿第一方向X交替排布第一导电层11和第二导电层12，相邻的第一导电层11和第二导电层12之间设有隔离区131，以将第一导电层11和第二导电层12隔开。优选的第二方向Y与第一方向X垂直。
其中，第一导电层11上设有沿第二方向Y延伸的第一集电电极14，第二导电层12上设有沿第二方向Y延伸的第二集电电极15。沿第二方向Y，第一集电电极14上设有多个间隔排布的第一汇连部14a，第二集电电极15上设有多个间隔排布的第二汇连部15a，且第一汇连部14a和第二汇连部15a在沿垂直于第一方向X的平面上的投影不重合。
进而，可以利用电连接件沿第一方向X同时与多个第一集电电极14的第一汇连部14a电连接，以实现多个第一集电电极14的电流汇聚，以及可以利用电连接件沿第一方向X同时与多个第二集电电极15的第二汇连部15a电连接，以实现多个第二集电电极15的电流汇聚。
其中，与第一汇连部14a连接的电连接件为第一电连接件，在第一电连接件与第二导电层12和第二集电电极15之间需要使用第一绝缘部21进行绝缘隔离，避免第一电连接件与第二导电层12和第二集电电极15之间短接。相应地，与第二汇连部15a连接的电连接件为第二电连接件，在第二电连接件与第一导电层11和第一集电电极14之间需要使用第一绝缘部21进行绝缘隔离，避免第二电连接件与第一导电层11和第一集电电极14之间短接。
应理解，第一汇连部14a为第一集电电极14用于与第一电连接件连接的部分。第二汇连部15a为第二集电电极15与第二电连接件连接的部分。第一汇连部14a和第二汇连部15a可以是集电电极上的用于电连接的区域，也可以是集电电极上设置的加宽部分，也可以是设在集电电极上用于连接电连接件的焊盘。
可以理解的是，在太阳能电池工作过程中，通过第一集电电极14和第二集电电极15可以收集电池基体10转化产生的载流子，进而，通过电连接件对第一集电电极14或第二集电电极15进行串接，可以将各集电电极收集的载流子进行汇流并引出太阳能电池外。
在一些实施例中，如图14所示，沿第二方向Y，第一绝缘部21的两侧设置第二绝缘部22，也即图14中在第一绝缘部21的左右两侧分别设置第二绝缘部22，其中，虚线表示第一绝缘部21和第二绝缘部22的交界位置。进而，使第二绝缘部22覆盖第一绝缘部21沿第二方向Y两侧(也即图14中第一绝缘部21左右两侧)的导电层及集电电极。这样，通过第二绝缘部22对第一导电层11和第二导电层12中的至少一个形成覆盖，从而降低第一导电层11与第二导电层12之间由于焊渣等导电异物导通的风险。
可以理解的是，第一导电层11与第二汇连部15a对应位置是指第一导电层11上与第二汇连部15a在第一方向X上的正投影至少部分重合的区域；第二导电层12与第一汇连部14a对应位置是指第二导电层12上与第一汇连部14a在第一方向X上的正投影至少部分重合的区域。
在一些实施例中，集电电极可以选用金属导电材料制成，示例性地，集电电极可以为银电极、铜电极、合金电极或多层金属电极等。当然，集电电极还可以选用其他材质制成，可以根据实际情况灵活设置，本申请在此不做限定。
可以理解的是，在太阳能电池中，集电电极与电池基体10形成欧姆连接，采用导电性较好的金属导电材料制成集电电极，能够提升集电电极收集载流子的能力。
在一些实施例中，如图14所示，第二绝缘部22覆盖第一绝缘部21沿第二方向Y两侧的导电层及其上的集电电极，且第二绝缘部22至少部分覆盖所述导电层临近隔离区131的侧壁。
在本申请实施例中，在第二绝缘部22覆盖第一绝缘部21沿第二方向Y两侧的导电层及集电电极的同时，使第二绝缘部22在第一方向X上延伸覆盖至所述导电层临近隔离区131的侧壁，以增加第二绝缘部22对导电层的覆盖的面积，有助于提高第二绝缘部22的绝缘隔离作用，进一步降低第一导电层11与第二导电层12短接的风险。
在一些实施例中，第一导电层11上的第一绝缘部21的两侧设有第二绝缘部22，该第二绝缘部22覆盖第一绝缘部21两侧的第一导电层11和第一集电电极14，并且，该第二绝缘部22在第一方向X上延伸覆盖第一导电层11临近隔离区131的侧壁。
在另一些实施例中，第二导电层12上的第一绝缘部21的两侧设有第二绝缘部22，该第二绝缘部22覆盖第一绝缘部21两侧的第二导电层12和第二集电电极15，并且，该第二绝缘部22在第一方向X上延伸覆盖第二导电层12临近隔离区131的侧壁。
在一些实施例中，如图15和图16所示，第二绝缘部22至少部分覆盖相邻的隔离区131。
在本申请实施例中，在第二绝缘部22覆盖第一绝缘部21沿第二方向Y两侧的导电层及集电电极的同时，使第二绝缘部22在第一方向X延伸覆盖至相邻的隔离区131，从而利用第二绝缘部22同时对导电层及其相邻的隔离区131形成绝缘隔离，可以确保第二绝缘部22完全覆盖对应的导电层，使焊渣等与导电层接触的概率进一步降低，能够进一步提升第二绝缘部22的绝缘隔离作用，从而降低第一导电层11与第二导电层12短接的风险。
在一些实施例中，第二绝缘部22至少部分覆盖相邻的另一相反导电类型的导电层。
在本申请实施例中，在第二绝缘部22覆盖第一绝缘部21沿第二方向Y两侧的导电层及集电电极的同时，使第二绝缘部22在第一方向X上延伸覆盖至相邻的另一相反导电类型的导电层。这样，可以增加第二绝缘部22覆盖面积，当一个导电层上的第二绝缘部22覆盖较少时，相邻的导电层上第二绝缘部22可以适当补充，从而提升第二绝缘部22在第一导电层11和第二导电层12之间的绝缘隔离作用，能够降低第一导电层11和第二导电层12之间由于焊渣等导电异物短接的风险。
其中，在第一绝缘部21设于第一导电层11上时，第一绝缘部21两侧的第二绝缘部22延伸覆盖与第一导电层11相邻的隔离区131以及部分第二导电层12。相应地，在第一绝缘部21设于第二导电层12上时，第二绝缘部22延伸覆盖与第二导电层12相邻的隔离区131以及部分第一导电层11。
应理解，第一导电层11和第二导电层12上的第二绝缘部22可以完全覆盖汇连部之外的第一导电层11、第二导电层12及隔离区131，以实现较好效果的防短路。
在一些实施例中，如图15所示，沿第一方向X，第二绝缘部22的宽度为D12，第二导电层12的宽度为W2，相邻两个第一集电电极14之间的间距为H2，覆盖第二导电层12的第二绝缘部22满足：W2-20μm≤D12≤H2。
在本申请实施例中，通过设置第二绝缘部22的宽度D12大于等于W2-20μm，以使第二绝缘部22至少部分覆盖第二导电层12，同时可以允许一定的工艺误差情况下覆盖第二导电层12的大部分宽度，进而利用第二绝缘部22对第二导电层12的表面形成遮挡隔离，避免相邻的第一导电层11和第二导电层12由于焊渣等导电异物而导通。同时，设置第二绝缘部22的宽度D12小于等于相邻两个第一集电电极14之间的间距H2，以利用第二绝缘部22对相邻两个第一集电电极14之间的区域形成遮挡覆盖。
在一些实施例中，如图16所示，第一导电层11的宽度为W3，相邻两个第二集电电极15之间的间距为H3，覆盖第一导电层11的第二绝缘部22满足：W3-20μm≤D12≤H3。
在本申请实施例中，通过设置第二绝缘部22的宽度D12大于等于W3-20μm，以使第二绝缘部22至少部分覆盖第一导电层11，同时可以允许一定的工艺误差情况下覆盖第一导电层11的大部分宽度，进而利用第二绝缘部22第一导电层11的表面形成遮挡隔离，避免相邻的第一导电层11和第二导电层12由于焊渣等导电异物而导通。同时，设置第二绝缘部22的宽度D12小于等于相邻两个第二集电电极15之间的间距H3，以利用第二绝缘部22对相邻两个第一集电电极14之间的区域形成遮挡覆盖。
在一些实施例中，如图14所示，第一导电层11上的第二绝缘部22与相邻的第二导电层12上的第二绝缘部22在第一方向X上至少部分连接。这样，可以确保第一导电层11上的第二绝缘部22与相邻的第二导电层12上的第二绝缘部22之间在第一方向X上的连续性，进而确保第二绝缘部22在第一方向X上对第一导电层11和第二导电层12之间的绝缘隔离作用。
在一些实施例中，如图9、图11和图14所示，第一导电层11上的第二绝缘部22与相邻的第二导电层12上的第二绝缘部22在第二方向Y上至少部分连接。这样，可以确保第一导电层11上的第二绝缘部22与相邻的第二导电层12上的第二绝缘部22之间在第二方向Y上的连续性，进而确保第二绝缘部22在第二方向Y上对第一导电层11和第二导电层12之间的绝缘隔离作用。当第一导电层11、第二导电层12上的第二绝缘部22既在第一方向X上至少部分连接，也在第二方向Y上至少部分连接时，此时，沿着导电层的延伸方向，相邻的第一导电层11、第二导电层12之间没有短接的空隙，可以进一步降低短路风险。
在一些实施例中，第一导电层11上的第二绝缘部22与相邻的第二导电层12上的第二绝缘部22之间存有间隙(图中未示出)。进而，在确保利用第二绝缘部22对第一导电层11与第二导电层12之间形成绝缘隔离的同时，可以适当节省制备第二绝缘部22的材料用量，节省生产成本，并且，能够减小太阳能电池出现曲翘。
在一些实施例中，如图9、图11和图14所示，沿第二方向Y，第二导电层12上的第一绝缘部21的宽度大于第一汇连部14a的宽度，和/或，沿第二方向Y，第一导电层11上的第一绝缘部21的宽度大于第二汇连部15a的宽度。
可以理解的是，在利用电连接件对多个第一集电电极14的第一汇连部14a进行串接，或利用电连接件对多个第二集电电极15的第二汇连部15a进行串接时，电连接件的位置可能会出现一定的偏差。进而，在本申请中通过设置第二导电层12上第一绝缘部21的宽度大于第一汇连部14a的宽度，或设置第一导电层11上第一绝缘部21的宽度大于第二汇连部15a的宽度，以便降低对连接操作的精准度限制，方便实际的加工操作，同时，能够确保第一绝缘部21的绝缘隔离作用。
可选地，如图14所示，第一导电层11上的第二绝缘部22与第二导电层12上的第二绝缘部22沿第一方向X的宽度不相等。
可以理解的是，太阳能电池的结构设计需要，第一导电层11与第二导电层12在第一方向X上的宽度存在差异，进而根据第一导电层11和第二导电层12的宽度合理设置对应的第二绝缘部22的宽度，以更好地满足不同导电层的绝缘隔离需求。
其中，第二绝缘部22沿第一方向X的宽度可以根据其所覆盖的导电层的宽度来确定，具体宽度大小可以根据实际情况灵活设置，在此不做限定。
如图9至图13所示，在一些实施例中本申请的太阳能电池，包括：电池基体10和绝缘件20，电池基体10的背面设有导电层和集电电极，导电层包括导电类型相反且沿第一方向X交替排布的第一导电层11和第二导电层12，相邻的第一导电层11和第二导电层12之间设有隔离区131，集电电极包括设于第一导电层11上的第一集电电极14和设于第二导电层12上的第二集电电极15，第一集电电极14设有第一汇连部14a，第二集电电极15设有第二汇连部15a。
其中，绝缘件20包括第一绝缘部21和第二绝缘部22，第一导电层11在与第二汇连部15a对应位置以及第二导电层12在与第一汇连部14a对应位置均设有第一绝缘部21；第二绝缘部22设于第一绝缘部21沿第二方向Y的两侧，第二方向Y与第一方向X相交；第二绝缘部22覆盖第一导电层11与第二导电层12之间的隔离区131且第二绝缘部22在第二方向Y上突出第一绝缘部21。
在本申请实施例中，电池基体10的背面设有电类型相反且间隔交替排布的第一导电层11和第二导电层12，进而在第一导电层11和第二导电层12上设置第一绝缘部21，以便在利用电连接件对第一集电电极14或第二集电电极15进行串接时，第一绝缘部21可以起到对电连接件与异性导电层或集电电极之间的绝缘隔离。同时，在第一绝缘部21两侧设置第二绝缘部22，使第二绝缘部22覆盖第一导电层11与第二导电层12之间的隔离区131且第二绝缘部22在第二方向Y上突出第一绝缘部21。这样，利用第二绝缘部22可以起到对非电连接件连接区域的第一导电层11和第二导电层12之间的绝缘隔离，避免第一导电层11和第二导电层12之间通过焊渣等导电异物导通，从而降低太阳能电池短接的风险。同时，采用本申请的绝缘件20的结构设计，能够节省制备绝缘件20的材料，并且，能够减少太阳能电池出现曲翘的问题。
在一些实施例中，如图9和图11所示，沿第二方向Y，第一绝缘部21的两侧设置第二绝缘部22，也即图9和图11中在第一绝缘部21的左右两侧分别设置第二绝缘部22，其中，虚线表示第一绝缘部21和第二绝缘部22的交界位置。进而，使第二绝缘部22覆盖第一导电层11与第二导电层12之间的隔离区131，以对隔离区131两侧的第一导电层11与第二导电层12进行绝缘隔离，避免后续加工过程中焊渣等导电异物落到隔离区131中而导致第一导电层11与第二导电层12之间导通。
在一些实施例中，如图9至图13所示，第二绝缘部22覆盖第一导电层11与第二导电层12之间的隔离区131，且第二绝缘部22在第一方向X上覆盖至少部分第一导电层11，和/或，第二绝缘部22在第一方向X上覆盖至少部分第二导电层12。
在本申请实施例中，在第二绝缘部22覆盖第一导电层11与第二导电层12之间的隔离区131的同时，使第二绝缘部22在第一方向X上延伸至隔离区131两侧的第一导电层11和/或第二导电层12，以利用第二绝缘部22覆盖至少部分裸露的第一导电层11和/或第二导电层12。这样，可以提升第二绝缘部22在第一导电层11和第二导电层12之间的绝缘隔离作用，从而能够进一步降低第一导电层11与第二导电层12短接的风险。
在一些实施例中，如图12所示，沿第一方向X，第二绝缘部22的宽度为D11，隔离区131的宽度为W1，相邻的第一集电电极14与第二集电电极15之间的间距为H1，满足：W1-20μm≤D11≤H1。
在本申请实施例中，在第二绝缘部22覆盖第一导电层11与第二导电层12之间的隔离区131的同时，通过设置第二绝缘部22的宽度D11大于等于W1-20μm，以使第二绝缘部22覆盖隔离区131，进而，避免焊渣等导电异物掉落到隔离区131中而导致隔离区131两侧的第一导电层11与第二导电层12短接，同时可以允许一定的工艺误差情况下覆盖隔离区131的大部分宽度。同时，设置第二绝缘部22的宽度D11小于等于相邻的第一集电电极14与第二集电电极15之间的间距H1，可以兼顾第二绝缘部22的隔离作用及制备成本。
在一些实施例中，如图11所示，第二绝缘部22覆盖隔离区131的情况下，沿第二方向Y，第二绝缘部22的长度为L，满足：2.5mm≤L≤10mm。具体地，第二绝缘部22的长度L可以设为：2.5mm、3mm、3.5mm、4mm、4.5mm、5mm、5.5mm、6mm、6.5mm、7mm、7.5mm、8mm、8.5mm、9mm、9.5mm、10mm等任意数值或任意两个数值之间的范围。
在本申请实施例中，通过设置第二绝缘部22沿第二方向Y的长度L的合理取值范围，既确保利用第二绝缘部22能够在相邻的第一导电层11和第二导电层12之间形成有效的绝缘隔离作用，又避免第二绝缘部22过长而造成浪费。
在一些实施例中，沿第二方向Y，相邻的第一汇连部14a和第二汇连部15a之间，第二绝缘部22的长度占相邻的第一汇连部14a和第二汇连部15a之间最短距离的30％-95％。具体地，第二绝缘部22的长度占相邻的第一汇连部14a和第二汇连部15a之间最短距离的比值可以设为：30％、35％、40％、45％、50％、55％、60％、65％、70％、75％、80％、85％、90％、95％等任意数值或任意两个数值之间的范围。
在本申请实施例中，通过设置第二绝缘部22的长度占相邻的第一汇连部14a和第二汇连部15a之间最短距离的比值范围，进而在确保利用第二绝缘部22对相邻的第一汇连部14a和第二汇连部15a之间的区域形成有效的绝缘隔离作用的同时，可以节省第二绝缘部22的制备成本。
在一些实施例中，如图9、图11和图14所示，第二绝缘部22可以采用上述任意实施例的方式设计。第一绝缘部21还覆盖隔离区131。通过在第一导电层11或第二导电层12上设置第一绝缘部21，并使第一绝缘部21延伸覆盖至相邻的隔离区131，进而增加第一绝缘部21的覆盖面积，以便在利用电连接件对第一集电电极14或第二集电电极15进行串接时，能够有效避免电连接件与异性的导电层之间出现短接的问题。
在一些实施例中，如图9、图11和图14所示，第一绝缘部21还覆盖隔离区131及与隔离区131相邻的裸露的导电层。
可以理解的是，在具体应用中，由于导电层上设置第一绝缘部21的位置更靠近集电电极与电连接件的连接位置，因而，出现焊渣等导电异物的风险更高。因而，通过在第一导电层11或第二导电层12上设置第一绝缘部21，并使第一绝缘部21覆盖隔离区131及与隔离区131相邻的裸露的导电层，能够进一步提升第一绝缘部21的绝缘隔离作用。
在一些实施例中，在太阳能电池上，隔离区的宽度为30μm-600μm。隔离区的宽度相对于焊渣来说尺寸较大，即使第二绝缘部存在孔洞、薄弱位置，较宽的隔离区也可以降低第一导电层11和第二导电层12短路的风险。也就是说，隔离区131从物理距离这一维度上改善焊渣短路的问题。
具体地，隔离区的宽度可以设为30μm、50μm、80μm、100μm、200μm、300μm、400μm、500μm、600μm等任意数值或任意两个数值之间的范围。
本申请实施例还提供一种光伏组件，包括：上述任意实施例中的太阳能电池。
在本申请实施例中，电池基体10的背面设有电类型相反且间隔交替排布的第一导电层11和第二导电层12，进而在第一导电层11和第二导电层12上设置第一绝缘部21，以便在利用电连接件对第一集电电极14或第二集电电极15进行串接时，第一绝缘部21可以起到对电连接件与异性导电层、集电电极之间的绝缘隔离。同时，在第一绝缘部21两侧设置第二绝缘部22，使第二绝缘部22覆盖第一导电层11与第二导电层12之间的隔离区131，和/或，使第二绝缘部22覆盖第一绝缘部21两侧的导电层及集电电极。这样，利用第二绝缘部22可以起到对非电连接件连接区域的第一导电层11和第二导电层12之间的绝缘隔离，避免第一导电层11和第二导电层12之间通过焊渣等导电异物导通，从而降低太阳能电池短接的风险。
需要说明的是，在上述各实施例中，第一绝缘部21可以和第二绝缘部22连续，如图9、图11、图14所示，此时可以避免进一步减小焊渣等导电异物落入第一绝缘部21和第二绝缘部22之间的缝隙，造成异常情况下的短路的风险。第一绝缘部21和第二绝缘部22之间也可以具有间隙(附图未示出)，此时不仅可以节省绝缘部耗材，也可以方便第一、第二绝缘部独立设置、独立制作。
可选地，所述光伏组件还包括电连接件，太阳能电池设为多个，电连接件与太阳能电池中集电电极的汇连部电连接。进而，通过电连接件可以将多个太阳能电池串接形成电池串。
在一些实施例中，太阳能电池可以为无汇流件的电池，电连接件直接与电池基体10上的集电电极的汇连部电连接。具体地，电连接件可以包括沿第一方向X延伸的第一电连接件和第二电连接件，其中，第一电连接件可以同时与多个第一集电电极14的第一汇连部14a电连接，在第一电连接件与第二集电电极15之间设置第一绝缘部21进行绝缘隔离。第二电连接件可以同时与多个第二集电电极15的第二汇连部15a电连接，在第二电连接件与第一集电电极14之间设置第一绝缘部21进行绝缘隔离。
在另一些实施例中，太阳能电池可以为有汇流件的电池，太阳能电池的表面还设有汇流件，汇流件与集电电极相交的部分为汇连部，利用电连接件与汇连部连接，以实现多个太阳能电池的电连接。应理解，汇流件可以为太阳能电池表面设置的具有汇流作用的电极，该具有汇流作用的电极可以为整条电极，也可以为分成多段的电极，也可以为设置于电池片两端的电极段。汇流件还可以为太阳能电池表面，以导电材料例如锡合金材料形成的汇流件。汇流件还可以为其他形式的具有汇流作用的构件。
具体地，如图9所示，汇流件包括沿第一方向X延伸的第一汇流件161和第二汇流件171，第一汇流件161同时与多个第一集电电极14的第一汇连部14a电连接，并在第一汇流件161与第二集电电极15之间设置第一绝缘部21进行绝缘隔离。第二汇流件171同时与多个第二集电电极15的第二汇连部15a电连接，并在第二汇流件171与第一集电电极14之间设置第一绝缘部21进行绝缘隔离。进而，再利用电连接件将多个太阳能电池的汇流件串接在一起，可以实现多个太阳能电池的电连接。
在一些实施例中，集电电极的汇连部与电连接件之间设有辅助连接块，沿电池基体10的厚度方向，辅助连接块的顶面与第一绝缘部的顶面的高度差小于等于15μm。辅助连接块的顶面、与第一绝缘部的顶面为其远离电池基体10的顶面，该高度的方向为电池基体10的厚度方向。示例性的，两者高度差可以为15μm、14μm、13μm、12μm、11μm、10μm、9μm、8μm、7μm、6μm、5μm、4μm、3μm、2μm、1μm等。
在本申请实施例中，通过在集电电极的汇连部与电连接件之间设置辅助连接块，进而能够辅助集电电极与电连接件的连接，从而提升集电电极与电连接件的连接强度。并且，设置辅助连接块的顶面与第一绝缘部的顶面的高度差在15μm以内，从而避免第一绝缘部设置过高或过低对电连接件与汇连部的连接操作的影响。
其中，所述汇连部包括第一集电电极上的第一汇连部14a以及第二集电电极上的第二汇连部15a。需要说明的是，集电电极的汇连部可以是集电电极自身的部分结构，也可以是单独设置于集电电极上用于与电连接件连接的构件，可以根据实际情况灵活设置，在此不做限定。
在一些实施例中，辅助连接块可以是设置于集电电极的汇连部与电连接件之间的辅助连接件，也可以是设置于电连接件朝向集电电极一侧的辅助连接层。
在一些实施例中，如图10和图16所示，沿电池基体10的厚度方向，第二绝缘部22的厚度为20μm-80μm。例如，第二绝缘部22的厚度可以设为：80μm、70μm、60μm、50μm、40μm、30μm、20μm等任意数值或任意两个数值之间的范围。
在一些实施例中，如图10和图16所示，沿电池基体10的厚度方向，第一绝缘部21的厚度为20μm-80μm。例如，第一绝缘部21的厚度可以设为：80μm、70μm、60μm、50μm、40μm、30μm、20μm等任意数值或任意两个数值之间的范围。
在本申请实施例中，通过设置绝缘件20中第一绝缘部21和第二绝缘部22的厚度，以确保焊渣等导电异物落在绝缘件20上时，不会将第一绝缘部21或第二绝缘部22刺穿，而导致导电异物之间穿过绝缘件20与导电层短接。
在一些实施例中，沿所述第二方向Y，电连接件的中心线与汇连部的中心之间的间距小于等于2mm。示例性地，所述间距为0.1mm、0.5mm、0.8mm、1.0mm、1.2mm、1.5mm、1.7mm、2mm等。
其中，电连接件的中心线是指电连接件在电池基体10背面上的正投影图形的几何中心线，所述汇连部的中心是指汇连部在电池基体10背面上的正投影图形的几何中心点。
在本申请实施例中，通过设置电连接件的中心线与所述汇连部的中心之间的间距小于等于2mm，以避免电连接件与汇连部连接位置偏移太多，而导致电连接件超出第一绝缘部21与导电层短接的风险。
在一些实施例中，第二绝缘部和/或第一绝缘部上具有导电颗粒，第一导电层、第二导电层、第一集电电极和第二集电电极与导电颗粒的最小距离均大于10μm。例如，导电颗粒与导电层或集电电极的距离可以为10μm、11μm、13μm、15μm、16μm、18μm、20μm等。此时，导电颗粒(例如焊渣)与导电层、集电电极这些导电结构之间的距离相对较大，且中间有第一绝缘部、第二绝缘部隔离，可以进一步降低短接风险。
在一些实施例中，汇连部与电连接件之间设有辅助连接块，电池基体10上、靠辅助连接块具有导电颗粒，且导电颗粒与辅助连接块之间的最大距离小于30mm；和/或，辅助连接块的尺寸小于2000μm。示例性的，导电颗粒与辅助连接块之间的最大距离可以为30mm、25mm、22mm、20mm、18mm、15mm、13mm、11mm、10mm、8mm、5mm等。辅助连接块的最大尺寸可以为2000μm、1800μm、1500μm、1200μm、1000μm、800μm等。
在本申请实施中，通过设计辅助连接块的尺寸可以改善辅助连接块过大导致的导电颗粒(焊渣)飞溅过多、过大的问题，进而可以从辅助连接块的方向，减少导电颗粒(焊渣)飞溅的距离、飞溅量。通过控制导电颗粒与辅助连接块的距离，可以减弱导电颗粒飞溅的作用力，可以避免导电颗粒刺破第一绝缘部21、第二绝缘部22，进而可以进一步降低短接风险。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示意性实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本申请的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本申请的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (39)

  1. 一种太阳能电池，其中，包括：
    电池基体，所述电池基体的背面设有导电层和集电电极，所述导电层包括导电类型相反且沿第一方向交替排布的第一导电层和第二导电层，相邻的第一导电层和第二导电层之间设有隔离槽，所述集电电极包括设于所述第一导电层上的第一集电电极和设于所述第二导电层上的第二集电电极，所述第一集电电极设有第一汇连部，所述第二集电电极设有第二汇连部；
    绝缘件，包括第一绝缘部和第二绝缘部，所述第一导电层在与所述第二汇连部对应位置以及所述第二导电层在与所述第一汇连部对应位置均设有所述第一绝缘部；
    所述第二绝缘部设于所述第一绝缘部沿第二方向的两侧，所述第二方向与所述第一方向相交；所述第二绝缘部覆盖所述第一导电层与所述第二导电层之间的隔离槽且所述第二绝缘部在第二方向上突出所述第一绝缘部，和/或，所述第二绝缘部覆盖所述第一绝缘部沿第二方向两侧的导电层及集电电极。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池，其中，所述第二绝缘部覆盖所述第一导电层与所述第二导电层之间的隔离槽，且所述第二绝缘部在第一方向上延伸覆盖至少部分裸露的第一导电层，和/或，所述第二绝缘部在第一方向上延伸覆盖至少部分裸露的第二导电层。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的太阳能电池，其中，沿所述第一方向，所述第二绝缘部的宽度为D11，所述隔离槽的宽度为W1，相邻的所述第一集电电极与所述第二集电电极之间的间距为H1，满足：W1-20μm≤D11≤H1。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池，其中，所述第二绝缘部覆盖所述隔离槽的情况下，沿所述第二方向，所述第二绝缘部的长度为L，满足：2.5mm≤L≤10mm；和/或，
    沿所述第二方向，相邻的第一汇连部和第二汇连部之间，所述第二绝缘部的长度占相邻的所述第一汇连部和所述第二汇连部之间最短距离的30％-95％。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的太阳能电池，其中，所述第二绝缘部覆盖所述第一绝缘部沿第一方向两侧的导电层及集电电极，且所述第二绝缘部在第一方向上延伸覆盖至所述导电层临近所述隔离槽的侧壁。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的太阳能电池，其中，所述第二绝缘部在第一方向上延伸覆盖至相邻的隔离槽。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的太阳能电池，其中，所述第二绝缘部在第一方向上延伸覆盖至相邻的另一相反导电类型的导电层。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的太阳能电池，其中，沿所述第一方向，所述第二绝缘部的宽度为D12，所述第二导电层的宽度为W2，相邻两个第一集电电极之间的间距为H2，满足：W2-20μm≤D12≤H2；
    或，所述第一导电层的宽度为W3，相邻两个所述第二集电电极之间的间距为H3，满足：W3-20μm≤D12≤H3。
  9. 根据权利要求1-4、6-8任一项所述的太阳能电池，其中，所述第一导电层上的第二绝缘部与相邻的所述第二导电层上的第二绝缘部在第一方向上至少部分连接；
    或，所述第一导电层上的第二绝缘部与相邻的所述第二导电层上的第二绝缘部在第二方向上至少部分连接；
    或，所述第一导电层上的第二绝缘部与相邻的所述第二导电层上的第二绝缘部之间存有间隙。
  10. 根据权利要求1-4、6-8任一项所述的太阳能电池，其中，沿所述第二方向，所述第二导电层上的所述第一绝缘部的宽度大于所述第一汇连部的宽度；
    和/或，沿所述第二方向，所述第一导电层上的所述第一绝缘部的宽度大于所述第二汇连部的宽度。
  11. 根据权利要求1-4、6-8任一项所述的太阳能电池，其中，所述第二绝缘部在第一方向上覆盖所述第一绝缘部两侧的导电层及集电电极的情况下，所述第一导电层上的第二绝缘部与所述第二导电层上的第二绝缘部沿所述第一方向的宽度不相等。
  12. 根据权利要求1-4、6-8任一项所述的太阳能电池，其中，所述第一绝缘部覆盖所述隔离槽，或所述第一绝缘部覆盖所述隔离槽及与所述隔离槽相邻的裸露的导电层。
  13. 根据权利要求1-4、6-8任一项所述的太阳能电池，其中，所述集电电极为银电极、铜电极、合金电极或多层金属电极。
  14. 一种光伏组件，其中，包括：如权利要求1-13任一项所述的太阳能电池。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的光伏组件，其中，所述光伏组件还包括电连接件，所述太阳能电池设为多个，所述电连接件与所述太阳能电池中集电电极的汇连部电连接。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的光伏组件，其中，所述电连接件与所述汇连部之间设有主栅。
  17. 一种太阳能电池，其中，包括：
    电池基体，所述电池基体的背面设有导电层和集电电极，所述导电层包括导电类型相反且沿第一方向交替排布的第一导电层和第二导电层，相邻的第一导电层和第二导电层之间设有隔离区，所述集电电极包括设于所述第一导电层上的第一集电电极和设于所述第二导电层上的第二集电电极，所述第一集电电极设有第一汇连部，所述第二集电电极设有第二汇连部；
    绝缘件，包括第一绝缘部和第二绝缘部，所述第一导电层在与所述第二汇连部对应位置以及所述第二导电层在与所述第一汇连部对应位置均设有所述第一绝缘部；
    所述第二绝缘部设于所述第一绝缘部沿第二方向的两侧，所述第二方向与所述第一方向相交；所述第二绝缘部覆盖所述第一绝缘部沿第二方向两侧的导电层及其上的集电电极。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的太阳能电池，其中，所述第二绝缘部覆盖所述第一绝缘部沿第二方向两侧的导电层及其上的集电电极，且所述第二绝缘部至少部分覆盖所述导电层临近所述隔离区的侧壁。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的太阳能电池，其中，所述第二绝缘部至少部分覆盖相邻的隔离区。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的太阳能电池，其中，所述第二绝缘部至少部分覆盖相邻的另一相反导电类型的导电层。
  21. 根据权利要求17所述的太阳能电池，其中，沿所述第一方向，所述第二绝缘部的宽度为D12，所述第二导电层的宽度为W2，相邻两个第一集电电极之间的间距为H2，满足：W2-20μm≤D12≤H2；
    或，所述第一导电层的宽度为W3，相邻两个所述第二集电电极之间的间距为H3，满足：W3-20μm≤D12≤H3。
  22. 根据权利要求17-21任一项所述的太阳能电池，其中，所述第一导电层上的第二绝缘部与相邻的所述第二导电层上的第二绝缘部在第一方向上至少部分连接；和/或，所述第一导电层上的第二绝缘部与相邻的所述第二导电层上的第二绝缘部在第二方向上至少部分连接；
    或，所述第一导电层上的第二绝缘部与相邻的所述第二导电层上的第二绝缘部之间存有间隙。
  23. 根据权利要求17-21任一项所述的太阳能电池，其中，沿所述第二方向，所述第二导电层上的所述第一绝缘部的宽度大于所述第一汇连部的宽度；
    和/或，沿所述第二方向，所述第一导电层上的所述第一绝缘部的宽度大于所述第二汇连部的宽度。
  24. 根据权利要求17-21任一项所述的太阳能电池，其中，所述第一导电层上的第二绝缘部与所述第二导电层上的第二绝缘部沿所述第一方向的宽度不相等。
  25. 一种太阳能电池，其中，包括：
    电池基体，所述电池基体的背面设有导电层和集电电极，所述导电层包括导电类型相反且沿第一方向交替排布的第一导电层和第二导电层，相邻的第一导电层和第二导电层之间设有隔离区，所述集电电极包括设于所述第一导电层上的第一集电电极和设于所述第二导电层上的第二集电电极，所述第一集电电极设有第一汇连部，所述第二集电电极设有第二汇连部；
    绝缘件，包括第一绝缘部和第二绝缘部，所述第一导电层在与所述第二汇连部对应位置以及所述第二导电层在与所述第一汇连部对应位置均设有所述第一绝缘部；
    所述第二绝缘部设于所述第一绝缘部沿第二方向的两侧，所述第二方向与所述第一方向相交；所述第二绝缘部覆盖所述第一导电层与所述第二导电层之间的隔离区且所述第二绝缘部在第二方向上突出所述第一绝缘部。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的太阳能电池，其中，所述第二绝缘部覆盖所述第一导电层与所述第二导电层之间的隔离区，且所述第二绝缘部在第一方向上覆盖至少部分第一导电层，和/或，所述第二绝缘部在第一方向上覆盖至少部分第二导电层。
  27. 根据权利要求25所述的太阳能电池，其中，沿所述第一方向，所述第二绝缘部的宽度为D11，所述隔离区的宽度为W1，相邻的所述第一集电电极与所述第二集电电极之间的间距为H1，满足：W1-20μm≤D11≤H1。
  28. 根据权利要求17或25所述的太阳能电池，其中，沿所述第二方向，所述第二绝缘部的长度为L，满足：2.5mm≤L≤10mm；和/或，
    沿所述第二方向，相邻的第一汇连部和第二汇连部之间，所述第二绝缘部的长度占相邻的所述第一汇连部和所述第二汇连部之间最短距离的30％-95％。
  29. 根据权利要求17或25所述的太阳能电池，其中，所述第一绝缘部覆盖所述隔离区，或，所述第一绝缘部覆盖所述隔离区并至少部分覆盖与所述隔离区相邻的裸露的导电层。
  30. 根据权利要求17或25所述的太阳能电池，其中，所述集电电极为银电极、铜电极、合金电极或多层金属电极。
  31. 根据权利要求17或25所述的太阳能电池，其中，所述隔离区的宽度为30μm-600μm。
  32. 一种光伏组件，其中，包括：如权利要求17-31任一项所述的太阳能电池。
  33. 根据权利要求32所述的光伏组件，其中，所述光伏组件还包括电连接件，所述太阳能电池设为多个，所述电连接件与所述太阳能电池中集电电极的汇连部电连接。
  34. 根据权利要求33所述的光伏组件，其中，所述电连接件与所述汇连部之间设有汇流件。
  35. 根据权利要求33所述的光伏组件，其中，所述汇连部与所述电连接件之间设有辅助连接块，所述辅助连接块的顶面与所述第一绝缘部的顶面的高度差小于等于15μm。
  36. 根据权利要求33所述的光伏组件，其中，所述第二绝缘部的厚度为20μm-80μm；和/或，所述第一绝缘部的厚度为20μm-80μm。
  37. 根据权利要求33所述的光伏组件，其中，沿所述第二方向，所述电连接件的中心线与所述汇连部的中心之间的间距小于等于2mm。
  38. 根据权利要求32所述的光伏组件，其中，所述第二绝缘部和/或所述第一绝缘部上具有导电颗粒，所述第一导电层、所述第二导电层、所述第一集电电极和所述第二集电电极与所述导电颗粒的距离均大于10μm。
  39. 根据权利要求33所述的光伏组件，其中，所述汇连部与所述电连接件之间设有辅助连接块，所述电池基体上、靠近所述辅助连接块具有导电颗粒，且所述导电颗粒与所述辅助连接块之间的最大距离小于30mm；和/或，所述辅助连接块的尺寸小于2000μm。
PCT/CN2025/109402 2024-07-19 2025-07-18 一种太阳能电池及光伏组件 Pending WO2026017162A1 (zh)

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CN219800862U (zh) * 2023-05-22 2023-10-03 珠海富山爱旭太阳能科技有限公司 一种背接触电池、电池组件和光伏系统
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