WO2026012256A1 - 光学镜头及光学成像装置 - Google Patents

光学镜头及光学成像装置

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Publication number
WO2026012256A1
WO2026012256A1 PCT/CN2025/106556 CN2025106556W WO2026012256A1 WO 2026012256 A1 WO2026012256 A1 WO 2026012256A1 CN 2025106556 W CN2025106556 W CN 2025106556W WO 2026012256 A1 WO2026012256 A1 WO 2026012256A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lens
optical
target
incident
lenses
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2025/106556
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡子健
肖锡晟
林娇
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shenzhen Yinwang Intelligent Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Shenzhen Yinwang Intelligent Technology Co Ltd
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Filing date
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Application filed by Shenzhen Yinwang Intelligent Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Shenzhen Yinwang Intelligent Technology Co Ltd
Publication of WO2026012256A1 publication Critical patent/WO2026012256A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/18—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below with lenses having one or more non-spherical faces, e.g. for reducing geometrical aberration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of lidar technology, and in particular to an optical lens and an optical imaging device.
  • LiDAR uses lasers to acquire point cloud data, requiring a highly collimated beam and a large aperture spot to meet its rangefinding and anti-interference performance requirements. Therefore, beam expanders are typically used to expand and shape the laser beam to obtain a highly collimated beam and a large aperture spot. Furthermore, to improve the detection performance of LiDAR, multi-channel LiDAR optical systems can be employed to significantly increase the refresh rate and resolution.
  • this application provides an optical lens, comprising: a first lens array and a target lens assembly arranged coaxially along the direction of beam transmission.
  • the first lens array consists of M rows and N columns of first lenses, and is used to pass through M*N incident parallel beams to obtain M*N diverging beams, where M and/or N are integers greater than 1.
  • the target lens assembly is used to pass through the aforementioned M*N diverging beams to obtain M*N outgoing parallel beams, and to adjust the pointing angles of the M*N outgoing parallel beams.
  • the first lenses have negative optical power, the target lens assembly has positive optical power, and the spot diameter of the outgoing parallel beams is larger than the spot diameter of the incident parallel beams.
  • This application provides an optical lens in which the first lens array consists of M*N first lenses, each with negative optical power. This allows the lens to simultaneously diffuse M*N incident parallel beams to the same degree, ensuring uniform beam expansion and guaranteeing that the M*N outgoing parallel beams form identical spot sizes on the target object. This avoids resolution differences caused by inconsistent spot sizes, resulting in a detection device using this optical lens with high detection resolution. Furthermore, the target lens assembly, possessing positive optical power, converges the diffused M*N parallel beams back into a highly collimated beam.
  • the beam after passing through the target lens assembly has a specific pointing angle, which helps to improve the coverage of the detection beam and thus increase detection efficiency. Furthermore, since the first lens in this application has a negative optical power and the target lens assembly has a positive optical angle, the distance between the first lens array and the target lens assembly can be made smaller than the focal length of the target lens assembly, thereby reducing the size of the optical lens and facilitating the miniaturization design of the optical lens.
  • the wavelength of the incident parallel beam can be either visible or ultraviolet.
  • any two incident parallel beams are parallel to each other.
  • this facilitates the design of simple light emitters. For example, it is only necessary to ensure that the beams emitted by multiple light emitters are parallel to each other, without needing to control the beams emitted by the light emitters to have a specific pointing angle.
  • this application utilizes the position of the parallel beams entering the target lens assembly to adjust the pointing angle of the outgoing beam, without the need for additional optical elements to adjust the pointing angle of the outgoing beam. This also contributes to the simplification, miniaturization, and low cost design of the optical lens.
  • the first lens is a meniscus lens, with a concave incident surface and a convex exit surface.
  • the first lens is a meniscus lens with a convex incident surface and a concave exit surface.
  • the first lens is a biconcave lens, with both its incident and exit surfaces being concave.
  • the first lens is a plano-concave lens, with a planar incident surface and a concave exit surface.
  • the incident surface of the first lens is concave, which can diverge the incident light beam
  • the exit surface of the first lens is convex, which can further converge the light beam to a certain extent, with the converging effect being less than the diverging effect, ultimately resulting in the light beam passing through the first lens being in a divergent state.
  • the exit surface of the first lens is convex and the exit beam is in a divergent state, the light beam passing through the first lens has a high transmittance.
  • having a concave incident surface and a convex exit surface also simplifies the design and facilitates manufacturing.
  • the first lens is an aspherical lens.
  • Aspherical lenses are characterized by a continuous change in curvature from the center to the periphery, unlike spherical lenses which have a constant curvature from the center to the periphery.
  • Aspherical lenses have better radius of curvature characteristics, greater degrees of freedom, and advantages in improving distortion aberrations and astigmatism.
  • Using an aspherical lens for the first lens results in better light divergence and minimizes the interference of aberrations on the light beam.
  • the focal length of the first lens is -13.957mm.
  • the target lens assembly is a telecentric optical system.
  • the target lens assembly is a telecentric optical system, which makes the emitted beams parallel beams, that is, the spot diameter of the emitted beam does not increase with the increase of the beam propagation distance.
  • the target lens assembly includes a second, third, fourth, and fifth lens arranged coaxially.
  • the second and fifth lenses have negative optical power, while the third and fourth lenses have positive optical power.
  • the second lens is a biconcave lens, the third lens is a meniscus lens, the fourth lens is a biconvex lens, and the fifth lens is a meniscus lens.
  • the second lens of the target lens assembly is a negative optical power biconcave lens, which can filter out stray beams located at the edge of the field of view, reduce the error caused by the introduction of stray beams, and further diverge the beam, thereby increasing the beam expansion ratio.
  • the third lens of the target lens assembly is a positive optical power meniscus lens, which can collect as much light as possible within the field of view and converge the collected light to a certain extent, thereby smoothly transitioning the collected light to the fourth lens, which is beneficial to reducing system aberrations and distortions.
  • the target lens assembly may also include more or fewer lenses.
  • the target lens assembly may include a combination of two lenses, three lenses, or five lenses.
  • the incident surface of the second lens is concave
  • the exit surface of the second lens is concave
  • the incident surface of the third lens is concave
  • the exit surface of the third lens is convex
  • the incident surface of the fourth lens is convex
  • the incident surface of the fifth lens is convex
  • the exit surface of the fifth lens is concave.
  • the second lens has a concave incident surface and a concave exit surface.
  • the third lens has a concave incident surface and a convex exit surface.
  • the third lens By setting the third lens as a meniscus, positive power lens, it can collect as much light as possible within the field of view and converge the collected light to a certain extent, thus smoothly transitioning the collected light to the fourth lens, which helps to reduce system aberrations and distortion.
  • the fourth lens has a convex incident surface.
  • the fifth lens has a convex incident surface and a concave exit surface. It is a meniscus-shaped lens with negative optical power, used to adjust multiple diverging beams into a parallel beam.
  • the second lens, the third lens, the fourth lens, and the fifth lens are all spherical lenses, which helps to reduce the manufacturing cost of the lens.
  • one or more of the second, third, fourth, or fifth lenses described above can be aspherical lenses.
  • the second lens can be an aspherical lens, or both the second and fourth lenses can be aspherical lenses.
  • the phase aberration introduced by the lenses can be reduced, thereby improving the focusing and collimation of the beam, and thus enhancing the detection performance of the lidar.
  • the focal length of the second lens is -24.591mm
  • the focal length of the third lens is 67.888mm
  • the focal length of the fourth lens is 87.232mm
  • the focal length of the fifth lens is -390.932mm.
  • the distances between two adjacent lenses in the second, third, fourth, and fifth lenses are 22.65 mm, 0.916 mm, and 0.617 mm, respectively.
  • the distance between the first lens and the second lens is 21.591 mm.
  • the focal length of the target lens assembly is 111.221 mm.
  • the magnification A of the lens provided in this application depends on the focal length f1 of the target lens assembly and the focal length f2 of the first lens.
  • A
  • the wavelength ⁇ of the incident parallel beam is 1540 nm to 1560 nm.
  • the pointing angle of the emitted parallel beam depends on the first focal length of the target lens assembly and the distance between the target incident parallel beam and the principal optical axis of the target lens assembly.
  • the emitted parallel beam is the beam obtained by passing the target incident parallel beam through the optical lens.
  • the above embodiment provides a specific implementation regarding the pointing angle of the emitted parallel beam, wherein the pointing angle of the emitted parallel beam depends on the first focal length of the target lens assembly and the distance between the target incident parallel beam and the principal optical axis of the target lens assembly, indicating that the pointing angle of the emitted parallel beam can be adjusted by adjusting the focal length of the target lens assembly and/or by adjusting the distance between the target incident parallel beam and the principal optical axis of the target lens assembly.
  • the first focal length f1 of the target lens assembly and the second focal length f2 of the first lens satisfy the following relationship: 5 ⁇
  • the optical lens further includes a first optical element disposed between the first lens array and the target lens assembly.
  • the first optical element includes one or more of the following: a polarizer, a quarter-wave plate, an optical window, or a filter.
  • the optical lens in addition to including a first lens array and a target lens assembly, also includes a first optical element disposed between the first lens array and the target lens assembly.
  • the first optical element includes one or more of a polarizer, a quarter-wave plate, an optical window, or a filter, enabling the optical lens to have functions other than beam expansion.
  • the optical lens can also filter a beam of a specified polarization state.
  • the optical lens can also filter a beam of a specified wavelength.
  • the first optical element is tilted between the first lens array and the target lens assembly.
  • each optical element since each optical element is coaxially arranged, when the first optical element is introduced into the optical lens, the first optical element will reflect part of the light beam back along the original path, ultimately forming a ghost image. If the first optical element is tilted between the first lens array and the target lens assembly, the stray light introduced by the first optical element can be eliminated.
  • the tilt angle of the first optical element is set to be between 0° and 10°, for example, the tilt angle of the first optical element is set to 8°.
  • the tilt angle of the first optical element can be understood as the angle between the principal optical axis of the first optical element and the principal optical axis of the target lens assembly.
  • embodiments of this application provide an optical emitting device, including the optical lens described in any one of the first aspects, and a laser.
  • the laser is used to emit a parallel beam of light.
  • the laser is used to emit M*N incident parallel beams.
  • the distance between the laser and the first lens array is 1.87 mm.
  • the optical emitting device further includes a base, a first fixing structure, and a second fixing structure.
  • the first fixing structure is used to fix a first lens array in the optical lens
  • the second fixing structure is used to fix a target lens assembly in the optical lens.
  • the first fixing structure has a first through hole, and a first fastener is sequentially inserted through the first lens array, the first through hole, and the base.
  • the second fixing structure has a second through hole, and a second fastener is sequentially inserted through the target lens assembly, the second through hole, and the base.
  • the first lens array is fixed by a first fixing structure
  • the target lens assembly is fixed by a second fixing structure, allowing the first lens array and the target lens assembly to be assembled separately.
  • the first lens array is typically small in volume, while the lenses in the target lens assembly are typically large in volume; therefore, assembling the first lens array and the target lens assembly separately helps increase assembly efficiency.
  • the first and second fixing structures are also fixed to a base to complete the assembly between the first lens array and the target lens assembly. Furthermore, by assembling the first lens array and the target lens assembly separately, it is also convenient to interchange first lenses and/or target lens assemblies with different focal lengths to obtain lenses with different beam magnifications. Separately assembling the first lens array and the target lens assembly also facilitates adjusting the spacing between the lenses in the first lens array and/or the focal length of the target lens assembly to adjust the pointing angle of the emitted parallel beam.
  • the aforementioned optical emitting device further includes a first optical element, which is bonded to the first fixing structure.
  • the first optical element includes one or more of the following: a polarizer, a quarter-wave plate, an optical window, or a filter.
  • the aforementioned optical imaging device can be a lidar, camera, or other similar device.
  • the aforementioned optical lens can also be applied to other optical imaging devices that require the emission of light, without limitation here.
  • embodiments of this application provide a radar or radar system that includes the optical lens shown in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, or includes the optical transmitting device shown in the second aspect.
  • embodiments of this application provide a terminal device, which includes an optical lens as shown in any of the first aspects and any possible implementations described above, or includes an optical transmitting device as shown in the second aspect described above, or includes a radar or radar system as shown in the third aspect described above.
  • embodiments of this application provide a vehicle terminal that includes an optical lens as shown in any of the first aspects and any possible implementations described above, or includes an optical imaging device as shown in the second aspect described above, or includes a radar or radar system as shown in the third aspect described above, or includes a terminal device as shown in the fourth aspect described above.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a telecentric lens provided in an embodiment of this application;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optical lens provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the first lens array in Figure 2 above;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a light path provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of another light path provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a diffusion map provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a wavefront diagram provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an MTF chart provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of another optical lens provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of another optical lens provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • At least one (item) means one or more, “more than one” means two or more, “at least two (items)” means two or three or more, and "and/or” is used to describe the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships.
  • a and/or B can mean: only A exists, only B exists, and A and B exist simultaneously, where A and B can be singular or plural.
  • the character “/” generally indicates that the related objects before and after are in an “or” relationship.
  • At least one (item) of the following” or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items.
  • At least one (item) of a, b, or c can mean: a, b, c, "a and b", “a and c", “b and c", or "a and b and c", where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.
  • a telecentric object lens typically refers to a lens whose entrance pupil is located at infinity in the object space, as shown in Figure 1.
  • the principal ray in the object space is parallel to the optical axis, and the convergence center of the principal ray is located at infinity in the object space. This ensures that the emitted light beams are all parallel, resulting in a clear image at any position in the image space, and the magnification of the image is directly related to the distance between the two points.
  • telecentric lenses also include image-side telecentric lenses and double telecentric lenses.
  • An image-side telecentric lens is one where the exit pupil is located at infinity in the object space, while a double telecentric lens is one where both the entrance pupil and exit pupil are located at infinity.
  • image-side and double telecentric lenses please refer to existing technologies; further details will not be provided here.
  • Eyepieces and objectives are typically the basic combination in an optical microscope. Located at the eyepiece end and object end, respectively, they serve different purposes and functions. For example, the eyepiece determines the user's field of view, thus affecting the area the user can see in a single observation. Objectives, on the other hand, collect light reflected from the object, thereby affecting the microscope's magnification and resolution.
  • the eyepiece and objective lens can also be a basic combination of optical lenses.
  • the eyepiece is disposed adjacent to the light-emitting unit and is used to receive the light beam from the light-emitting unit, while the objective lens is used to process the light beam output by the eyepiece and provide the processed light beam to the target object.
  • the eyepiece is used to collect as much of the light beam emitted by the light-emitting unit as possible to provide to the objective lens, while the objective lens is used to perform beam expansion or phase correction and other processing on the light beam.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optical lens provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • the optical lens includes:
  • a first lens array A1, a second lens G2, a third lens G3, a fourth lens G4, and a fifth lens G5 are coaxially arranged.
  • the first lens array A1 consists of four first lenses G1.
  • first lenses G1, second lenses G2, and fifth lenses G5 are negative power lenses, while third lenses G3 and fourth lenses G4 are positive power lenses.
  • First lenses G1, third lenses G3, and fifth lenses G5 are all meniscus lenses, second lens G2 is a biconcave lens, and fourth lens G4 is a biconvex lens.
  • first lens array A1 a second lens G2, a third lens G3, a fourth lens G4, and a fifth lens G5, resulting in four outgoing parallel beams.
  • the first lens array A1 is used to pass four incident parallel beams.
  • the four first lenses G1 in the first lens array A1 are each used to pass one incident parallel beam and diverge the incident parallel beam to obtain a diverging beam.
  • the incident surface S1 of the first lens G1 is concave
  • the exit surface S2 of the first lens G1 is convex.
  • the concave incident surface S1 of the first lens G1 can diverge the incident beam.
  • the convex exit surface S2 of the first lens G1 can further converge the beam to a certain extent, and its converging effect is less than its diverging effect, ultimately making the beam passing through the first lens G1 divergent.
  • the first lens array A1 includes four identical first lenses G1, and also enables the first lens array A1 to diffuse the four incident parallel beams to the same degree, ensuring that the four outgoing parallel beams corresponding to the four incident parallel beams form the same spot size on the target object, thereby avoiding different resolutions due to inconsistent spot sizes.
  • the optical emitter M1 may include one or more of the following light sources: a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), a photonic crystal surface-emitting laser (PCSEL), an edge-emitting laser (EEL), a laser diode (LD), a distributed feedback laser diode (DFB-LD), a grating-coupled sampling reflection laser diode (GCSR-LD), or a micro-opto-electro-mechanical system laser diode (MOEMS-LD), etc.
  • the number of parallel beams that the optical emitter M1 can provide is not limited in this application.
  • the optical emitter M1 can provide four, five, or six parallel beams.
  • the second lens G2 has concave incident and exit surfaces S3 and S4, making it a negative power lens for further diverging the light beam and increasing the beam magnification.
  • the second lens G2 filters out stray beams at the edge of the field of view, reducing errors caused by introduced stray beams. It also reduces the aperture of the aperture stop, filtering out light rays not perpendicular to the second lens G2 and preventing them from entering the subsequent optical system. This ensures that the optical system composed of the second lens G2, third lens G3, fourth lens G4, and fifth lens G5 is a telecentric system, guaranteeing that all light beams exiting the optical lens are parallel.
  • the incident surface S5 of the third lens G3 is concave, and the exit surface S6 of the third lens G3 is convex, making the third lens G3 a meniscus lens with positive optical power. This allows it to collect as much light as possible within the field of view and converge the collected light to a certain extent, thus smoothly transitioning the collected light to the fourth lens G4, which helps to reduce system aberrations and distortions.
  • the incident surface S7 and the exit surface S8 of the fourth lens G4 are both convex, making the fourth lens G4 a lens with positive optical power. It can also collect as much light as possible in the field of view, allowing more light to enter the fifth lens G5, and it is also beneficial to reduce the aperture of the fifth lens G5.
  • the incident surface S9 of the fifth lens G5 is convex, which can collect as much light as possible within the field of view.
  • the exit surface S10 of the fifth lens G5 is concave, which can focus the light collected by the fifth lens G5 and obtain a parallel beam with a certain pointing angle.
  • the optical lens shown in Figure 2 can simultaneously expand four incident parallel beams, and the resulting outgoing beams are all highly collimated parallel beams.
  • the optical lens shown in Figure 2 includes four independent beam-expanding channels, achieving the effect of multiplexing multiple channels into a single optical lens. This improves beam-expanding efficiency, reduces lens size, and facilitates miniaturization and low-cost design of the beam-expanding lens.
  • the relative positions of the four incident parallel beams to the principal optical axis are different, the refraction angles of the second lens G2, third lens G3, fourth lens G4, and fifth lens G5 for different incident parallel beams are also different, ultimately resulting in the four outgoing parallel beams having different pointing angles.
  • the second lens G2, the third lens G3, the fourth lens G4, and the fifth lens G5 can be considered as a target lens assembly.
  • This target lens assembly is used to refocus the diverging beam emitted from the first lens array A1 into a parallel beam and impart a certain pointing angle.
  • the target lens assembly refocuses the diverging beam into a parallel beam and imparts a certain pointing angle, please refer to the corresponding descriptions above; they will not be repeated here.
  • the first lens array A1 can be used as the eyepiece, and the target lens combination as the objective lens.
  • the light beam enters through the eyepiece and exits through the objective lens, magnifying the corresponding light spot and achieving a beam expansion effect.
  • the first lens array A1 can simultaneously receive multiple light beams, allowing the combination of the eyepiece and objective lens to simultaneously expand multiple beams, i.e., multi-channel beam expansion.
  • the objective lens has a telecentric object-side function, the beam expanded by the combination of the eyepiece and objective lens is a parallel beam with a certain pointing angle.
  • the magnification A
  • the focal length f1 of the target lens assembly and the focal length f2 of the first lens can satisfy the following relationship: 5 ⁇
  • the focal lengths of the second lens G2, the third lens G3, the fourth lens G4, and the fifth lens G5 are -24.591mm, 67.888mm, 87.232mm, and -390.932mm, respectively, and the distances between two adjacent lenses in the second lens G2, third lens G3, fourth lens G4, and fifth lens G5 are 22.65mm, 0.916mm, and 0.617mm, respectively.
  • the focal length of the target lens assembly can be 111.221mm.
  • the outgoing parallel beam is the beam obtained by passing the target incident parallel beam through the optical lens.
  • the pointing angle ⁇ of the emitted parallel beam is arctan(3.6/111.221) ⁇ 1.85°. Therefore, the pointing angle ⁇ of the emitted parallel beam can be adjusted by adjusting f1 and/or L1.
  • the parameter information (radius of curvature, thickness/spacing, refractive index, and scattering coefficient) of each component of the optical lens shown in Figure 2 above can be as shown in Table 1 below:
  • the first lens is an aspherical lens.
  • Aspherical lenses are characterized by a continuous change in curvature from the center to the periphery, unlike spherical lenses which have a constant curvature from the center to the periphery.
  • Aspherical lenses have better radius of curvature characteristics, greater degrees of freedom, and advantages in improving distortion aberrations and astigmatism.
  • Using an aspherical lens for the first lens results in better light divergence and minimizes the interference of aberrations on the light beam.
  • the surface shape (z) of the first lens G1 can satisfy the following formula:
  • z is the distance vector from the vertex of the aspherical surface along the optical axis at a height of r
  • c is the paraxial curvature of the aspherical surface
  • c 1/R
  • R is the radius of curvature
  • k is the conic coefficient
  • a4 , a6 , a8 , a10 , a12 , etc. are higher-order coefficients, which can be set according to the coefficients shown in Table 2 below:
  • the wavelength ⁇ of the incident parallel beam is 1540 nm to 1560 nm.
  • the optical lens shown in FIG2 further includes a first optical element (not shown in FIG2) disposed between the first lens array and the target lens assembly.
  • the first optical element includes one or more of the following: a polarizer, a quarter-wave plate, an optical window, or a filter.
  • the optical lens can possess functions other than beam expansion.
  • the first optical element is a polarizer
  • the optical lens also has the function of filtering a beam of a specified polarization state.
  • the optical lens also has the function of filtering a beam of a specified wavelength.
  • the first optical element is tilted between the first lens array and the target lens assembly. This method can eliminate stray light introduced by the first optical element.
  • the first lenses G1 are used to pass M*N incident parallel beams.
  • the optical lens provided in this application can simultaneously expand four parallel beams, achieving the effect of multiple expansion channels sharing a single optical lens, i.e., multi-channel multiplexing.
  • the lens assembly consisting of the second lens G2, the third lens G3, the fourth lens G4, and the fifth lens G5 has a telecentric object-side characteristic, resulting in the expanded beam having extremely high collimation and a certain exit angle. It is understood that the extremely high collimation of the exiting beam effectively reduces detection errors caused by beam imbalance, while the beam with a first exit angle increases the beam coverage.
  • the first lens G1 has negative optical power
  • the lens assembly consisting of the second lens G2, the third lens G3, the fourth lens G4, and the fifth lens G5 has a positive optical angle, which also shortens the overall system length of the optical lens, facilitating miniaturization.
  • the optical lens provided in this application can simultaneously expand multiple parallel beams at high magnification and provide the expanded beam with extremely high collimation and a certain exit angle, thereby improving the detection efficiency of the detection device. Since the lenses in the first lens array A1 have negative optical power, the virtual focal point formed by the first lens array A1 can also significantly shorten the overall length of the optical lens, which is beneficial to the miniaturization design of the detection device.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a light path provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • the incident parallel beams sequentially pass through the incident surface S1 of the first lens G1, the exit surface S2 of the first lens G1, the incident surface S3 of the second lens G2, the exit surface S4 of the second lens G2, the incident surface S5 of the third lens G3, the exit surface S6 of the third lens G3, the incident surface S7 of the fourth lens G4, the exit surface S8 of the fourth lens G4, the incident surface S9 of the fifth lens G5, and the exit surface S10 of the fifth lens G5, ultimately resulting in outgoing parallel beams.
  • the four incident parallel beams each produce four outgoing parallel beams, and the diameter of the outgoing parallel beams is larger than that of the incident parallel beams.
  • the optical lens provided in this application to simultaneously expand multiple parallel beams at a high magnification.
  • the outgoing parallel beams shown in Figure 4 also form a certain angle with the principal optical axis, meaning they have a certain pointing angle. This results in a more uniform intensity distribution of the outgoing parallel beams and allows them to cover a larger area, thereby improving the detection resolution, detection range, and detection efficiency of the detection device.
  • the lenses in the first lens array A1 have negative optical power, the virtual focal point formed by the first lens array A1 can significantly shorten the overall length of the optical lens, which is beneficial for the miniaturization design of the detection device.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of another light path provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • emitted parallel beams 1, 2, 3, and 4 all form a certain angle with the principal optical axis.
  • the angle between the emitted parallel beam 1 and the principal optical axis is greater than the angle between the emitted parallel beam 2 and the principal optical axis.
  • the angle between the emitted parallel beam 4 and the principal optical axis is greater than the angle between the emitted parallel beam 3 and the principal optical axis.
  • Figure 5 is a simplified schematic diagram of a light path, used to illustrate the pointing angle of the emitted parallel beam. Furthermore, Figure 5 also illustrates the relationship between the pointing angle of the emitted parallel beam and the distance between the incident parallel beam and the principal optical axis. Therefore, the light path shown in Figure 5 should not be considered a limitation of this application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a blur pattern provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • the blur pattern shown in Figure 6 is, for example, the blur pattern corresponding to a light beam passing through the optical lens shown in Figure 2.
  • Figure 6(a) is the blur pattern corresponding to the outgoing parallel beam 1
  • Figure 6(b) is the blur pattern corresponding to the outgoing parallel beam 2
  • Figure 6(c) is the blur pattern corresponding to the outgoing parallel beam 3
  • Figure 6(d) is the blur pattern corresponding to the outgoing parallel beam 4.
  • the units for the horizontal and vertical axes in each diffusion plot are milliradians (mr).
  • the field of view for each incident beam is (0, 0), meaning the field of view for each incident beam in both the meridional and sagittal directions is 0 mr.
  • the corresponding field of view for the exit beams are (0, -0.032), (0, -0.011), (0, 0.011), and (0.032), respectively.
  • the wavelength of all the incident beams is 1550 nm.
  • the root mean square radius (RMS) of each blur spot is less than 0.025 mr.
  • the RMS values for the four outgoing parallel beams are 0.014, 0.010, 0.010, and 0.014, respectively, indicating that the parallel beams output from the optical lens shown in Figure 2 have extremely high collimation.
  • the difference in RMS radii among the four blur spots shown in Figure 6 is also less than 0.002 mr.
  • the RMS radii of outgoing parallel beam 1 and outgoing parallel beam 2 differ by 0.002 mr
  • the RMS radii of outgoing parallel beam 2 and outgoing parallel beam 3 differ by 0 mr
  • the RMS radii of outgoing parallel beam 3 and outgoing parallel beam 4 differ by 0.002 mr. This shows that the spot sizes of the parallel beams output from the optical lens shown in Figure 2 are similar, exhibiting high consistency.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a wavefront diagram provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • the wavefront diagram shown in Figure 7 is, for example, the wavefront diagram corresponding to the beam passing through the optical lens shown in Figure 2.
  • Figure 7(a) is the wavefront diagram corresponding to the outgoing parallel beam 1
  • Figure 7(b) is the wavefront diagram corresponding to the outgoing parallel beam 2
  • Figure 7(c) is the wavefront diagram corresponding to the outgoing parallel beam 3
  • Figure 7(d) is the wavefront diagram corresponding to the outgoing parallel beam 4.
  • each wavefront diagram shown in Figure 7 is used to represent the normalized radius of the exit pupil in the sagittal direction, the vertical axis represents the normalized radius of the exit pupil in the meridional direction, and the color depth represents the wavefront value; for example, the darker the color, the larger the wavefront value.
  • the peak-to-valley (PV) value for each outgoing parallel beam is less than 0.05 ⁇ , which is close to the ideal state.
  • the PV values of the four wavefront diagrams in Figure 7 are 0.445 ⁇ , 0.449 ⁇ , 0.449 ⁇ , and 0.0445 ⁇ , respectively.
  • the RMS values of the four wavefront diagrams in Figure 7 are 0.0084 ⁇ , 0.0107 ⁇ , 0.0107 ⁇ , and 0.0084 ⁇ , respectively. Therefore, the optical lenses shown in Figure 2 all have extremely high beam-expanding quality, which helps to improve the detection performance of the detection device.
  • ⁇ represents the wavelength of the beam; the wavelength of the beam in the wavefront diagrams shown in Figure 7 is 1550 nm.
  • FIG 8 is a schematic diagram of an MTF diagram provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • the modulation transfer function (MTF) diagram shown in Figure 8 is, for example, the MTF diagram corresponding to the optical lens shown in Figure 2.
  • the four MTF diagrams shown in Figure 8 are the MTF diagrams corresponding to the four channels in the optical lens shown in Figure 2, where (a) in Figure 8 is the MTF diagram corresponding to channel 1, (b) in Figure 8 is the MTF diagram corresponding to channel 2, (c) in Figure 8 is the MTF diagram corresponding to channel 3, and (d) in Figure 8 is the MTF diagram corresponding to channel 4.
  • the four channels in the optical lens shown in Figure 2 can be understood as channels for passing four parallel light beams, i.e., each first lens G1 corresponds to one channel. Further, the four channels in the optical lens can be distinguished as channel 1, channel 2, channel 3, and channel 4 according to the position of the first lens G1 in the first lens array A1 (for example, from top to bottom as shown in Figure 2).
  • the horizontal axis represents the ring per milliradian
  • the vertical axis represents the modulation transfer function (MTF).
  • Figure 8(a) and (d) show the curves corresponding to the diffraction limit and the actual MTF.
  • the curves corresponding to the diffraction limit and the actual MTF highly overlap, therefore they are not labeled in the figure.
  • the MTF of each channel is close to the ideal state (diffraction limit). Therefore, the optical lens shown in Figure 2 has extremely high resolution.
  • the diffraction limit refers to the optimal resolution or minimum detail size achievable in an optical system, which typically depends on factors such as the wavelength of the light wave and the aperture of the optical system (or other factors limiting light propagation).
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of another optical lens structure provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • a first lens array A1, a second lens G2, a third lens G3, a fourth lens G4, and a fifth lens G5 are arranged sequentially along the incident direction of the light beam (from left to right in Figure 9).
  • the first lens array A1 is disposed on a first fixed structure 902, while the second lens G2, third lens G3, fourth lens G4, and fifth lens G5 are all disposed on a second fixed structure 903.
  • the first fixed structure 902 and the second fixed structure 903 are disposed on a base 901. This application does not limit the manner in which the first lens array A1 is disposed on the first fixed structure 902, or the manner in which the second lens G2, third lens G3, fourth lens G4, and fifth lens G5 are disposed on the second fixed structure 903.
  • the first lens array A1 can be used as the eyepiece, and the second lens G2, third lens G3, fourth lens G4, and fifth lens G5 can be used as the objective lenses.
  • the first fixing structure 902 used to fix the first lens array A1 can also be part of the eyepiece; similarly, the second fixing structure 903 used to fix the second lens G2, third lens G3, fourth lens G4, and fifth lens G5 can also be part of the objective lens.
  • both the first lens array A1 and the first fixing structure 902 are provided with through holes (not shown in Figure 9), allowing the first lens array A1 to be mounted on the first fixing structure 902 by fasteners passing through the through holes.
  • the first fixing structure 902 has a built-in snap-fit structure (not shown in Figure 9) for fixing the first lens array A1.
  • the second fixing structure 903, the second lens G2, the third lens G3, the fourth lens G4 and the fifth lens G5 are all provided with through holes (not shown in Figure 9), and the second lens G2, the third lens G3, the fourth lens G4 and the fifth lens G5 can be mounted on the second fixing structure 903 by means of fasteners passing through the through holes.
  • the second lens G2, the third lens G3, the fourth lens G4, and the fifth lens G5 can be referred to as the target lens combination.
  • the second fixing structure 903 incorporates a third fixing structure, which is disposed between every two lenses.
  • a third fixing structure 906a is disposed between the second lens G2 and the third lens G3
  • a third fixing structure 906b is disposed between the third lens G3 and the fourth lens G4
  • a third fixing structure 906c is disposed between the fourth lens G4 and the fifth lens G5.
  • the shape and size of the third fixing structure can depend on the size and spatial relationship of the two adjacent lenses. For example, if the distance between the second lens G2 and the third lens G3 is greater than the distance between the third lens G3 and the fourth lens G4, then the length of the third fixing structure 906a is greater than the length of the third fixing structure 906b.
  • the second fixing structure 903 incorporates a fourth fixing structure 905, and the fourth fixing structure 905 incorporates the aforementioned third fixing structure 906b.
  • This application does not limit the specific implementation of how the fourth fixing structure 905 is positioned on the second fixing structure 903.
  • the fourth fixing structure 905 can be mounted on the second fixing structure 903 by means of embedding or snap-fitting.
  • a first fastener 907 passes sequentially through the first fixing structure 902 and the base 901 to fix the first fixing structure 902 to the base 901.
  • a second fastener 908 passes sequentially through the second fixing structure 903 and the base 901 to fix the second fixing structure 903 to the base 901.
  • the first fixing structure 902 has a first through hole
  • the base 901 has a second through hole
  • the first fastener 907 passes sequentially through the first and second through holes.
  • the second fixing structure 903 has a third through hole
  • the base 901 has a fourth through hole; the second fastener 908 passes sequentially through the third and fourth through holes.
  • the optical lens also includes a first optical element 904, which is disposed between the first lens array A1 and the second lens G2.
  • the first optical element is, for example, one or more of a polarizer, quarter-wave plate, optical window, or filter (the optical lens shown in Figure 9 can be equipped with one or two first optical elements 904).
  • a polarizer, quarter-wave plate, optical window, or filter the optical lens shown in Figure 9 can be equipped with one or two first optical elements 904.
  • the first optical element 904 can be disposed on the base 901.
  • the first optical element 904 can also be bonded to the first fixing structure 902.
  • the optical lens may include more or fewer lenses; for example, the optical lens may include a first lens array, a second lens G2, and a third lens G3.
  • the lens material in the optical lens may include, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: glass of model H-ZPK1A, glass of model H-FK61.
  • optical lens shown in Figure 9 is exemplary and does not constitute a limitation of this application.
  • the first lens array A1 is fixed by the first fixing structure 902, and the target lens assembly is fixed by the second fixing structure 903, allowing the first lens array A1 and the target lens assembly to be assembled separately.
  • the volume of the first lens array A1 is typically small, while the volume of the lenses in the target lens assembly is typically large. Therefore, assembling the first lens array A1 and the target lens assembly separately helps increase assembly efficiency.
  • the first fixing structure 902 and the second fixing structure 903 are also fixed to the base 901 to complete the assembly between the first lens array A1 and the target lens assembly.
  • first lens array A1 and the target lens assembly by assembling the first lens array A1 and the target lens assembly separately, it is also convenient to interchange the first lens G1 and/or the target lens assembly with different focal lengths to obtain lenses with different beam magnifications.
  • first lens array A1 and the target lens assembly By assembling the first lens array A1 and the target lens assembly separately, it is also convenient to adjust the spacing of the first lenses G1 in the first lens array A1, and/or the focal length of the target lens assembly, to adjust the pointing angle of the emitted parallel beam.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another optical lens provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • the optical lens 1000 includes a first lens array 1001 and a target lens assembly 1002 arranged coaxially along the direction of beam transmission.
  • the first lens array 1001 consists of M rows and N columns of first lenses 1003 (Figure 10 is a side view of the first lens array 1001, and the front view of the first lens array 1001 can be referred to Figure 3 above).
  • the first lens 1003 has a negative beam angle, used to diverge the incident parallel beam to obtain a diverging beam.
  • the first lens 1003 is a meniscus lens.
  • a detailed description of the first lens 1003 can be found in the description of the first lens G1 in Figure 2 above, and will not be repeated here.
  • the target lens assembly 1002 has a positive optical angle, used to converge the diverging light beam obtained through the first lens array 1001 into an outgoing parallel light beam, and to adjust the pointing angle of the outgoing parallel light beam.
  • the target lens assembly 1002 includes one or more lenses.
  • that lens is a positive optical power lens.
  • the target lens assembly 1002 includes multiple lenses, the combined focal length of the multiple lenses is positive.
  • the spot diameter of the outgoing parallel beam is larger than the spot diameter of the incident parallel beam.
  • the spot diameter of the outgoing parallel beam is 8 nm, and the spot diameter of the incident parallel beam is 2 nm.
  • the shapes of all the lenses shown in FIG10 do not constitute any limitation on this application and are only used for ease of understanding.
  • the first lens 1003 can be any one of a meniscus lens, a plano-concave lens, or a biconcave lens, rather than the biconvex lens shown in FIG10.
  • the first lens array 1001 comprises M*N first lenses 1003, each having the same negative optical power. This allows for the simultaneous diffusion of the M*N incident parallel beams to the same degree, ensuring that the optical lens 1000 provides the same beam-expanding effect on the M*N incident parallel beams. This guarantees that the M*N outgoing parallel beams form the same spot size on the target object, avoiding different resolutions due to inconsistent spot sizes. This results in a detection device using the optical lens of this application having high detection resolution. Combined with the positive optical power of the target lens assembly 1002, the diffused M*N parallel beams are converged again into a beam with extremely high collimation after passing through the target lens assembly 1002.
  • the beam after passing through the target lens assembly 1002 has a certain pointing angle, which helps to improve the coverage of the detection beam and thus increase detection efficiency. Furthermore, since the first lens 1003 in this application has a negative optical power and the target lens assembly has a positive optical angle, the distance between the first lens array 1001 and the target lens assembly 1002 can be less than the focal length of the target lens assembly 1002, thereby reducing the volume of the optical lens 1000 and facilitating the miniaturization design of the optical lens 1000.
  • a first lens 1003 in the first lens array 1001 is used to diverge an incident parallel beam.
  • the focal point of the target lens assembly 1002 is located at the focal plane of any one of the first lenses 1003 in the first lens array 1001, so that each diverging beam obtained through the first lens array 1001 is converged into a highly collimated parallel beam by the target lens assembly 1002. It is understood that since each first lens 1003 in the first lens array 1001 has the same focal length, the focal plane of each first lens 1003 is also the same.
  • the wavelength of the incident parallel beam can be either visible or ultraviolet.
  • the aforementioned optical lens is used to process light beams of any wavelength in the range of 5nm-1000000nm.
  • the optical lens 1000 is used to pass through M*N incident parallel beams respectively. That is, the optical lens 1000 can simultaneously expand the M*N incident parallel beams and assign different pointing angles to each.
  • the optical lens 1000 When the optical lens 1000 is applied to a lidar, it enables the detection beam emitted by the lidar to have a larger coverage area, thereby improving the scanning efficiency and resolution of the lidar, and thus enhancing the detection performance of the lidar.
  • any two of the aforementioned M*N incident parallel beams are parallel to each other.
  • the optical lens 1000 provided in this application when the incident parallel beams are parallel, allows each outgoing beam to be parallel while also possessing a certain pointing angle by allowing the incident parallel beams to enter the target lens assembly 1002 at different positions. This enables the optical lens 1000 to adjust the pointing angle of the outgoing beam without adding additional optical elements, which is beneficial for the simplification, miniaturization, and low-cost design of the optical lens 1000.
  • the parallelism between the incident parallel beams also facilitates the simplification and low-cost design of the light emitters.
  • the emitting surfaces of multiple light emitters are on the same plane, without needing to adjust the angle of the beam emitted by each light emitter to adjust the pointing angle of the outgoing beam.
  • the implementation cost of setting the emitting surfaces of multiple light emitters to the same plane is significantly lower than the implementation cost of adjusting the beam emitted by each light emitter to a specific angle.
  • the first lens 1003 can be any of the following: a meniscus lens, a biconcave lens, or a plano-concave lens.
  • a meniscus lens can collect as much light as possible within the field of view, allowing more light to enter the rear optical system, thus enabling the use of a small-diameter first lens 1003 to receive a sufficient amount of parallel beam.
  • Using a small-diameter first lens 1003 also allows for greater freedom in the spacing of multiple parallel beams and facilitates miniaturization of the optical lens design.
  • the incident surface or exit surface shown below refers to the incident surface and exit surface with respect to the direction of beam propagation.
  • the first lens 1003 is a meniscus lens. Its incident surface is concave, which diverges the incident light beam. Its exit surface is convex, which further converges the beam to a certain extent, with the converging effect being less than the diverging effect, ultimately resulting in a divergent light beam after passing through the first lens. Because the exit surface of the first lens is convex and the exit beam is divergent, the light beam passing through the first lens has high transmittance. Furthermore, the concave incident surface and convex exit surface of the first lens also simplify the design and facilitate manufacturing. When the incident surface of the first lens is convex and the exit surface is concave, the first lens can converge the light within the field of view as much as possible.
  • the first lens 1003 is a meniscus lens, with a convex incident surface and a concave exit surface.
  • the incident surface of the first lens 1003 can converge the light in the field of view as much as possible, allowing more light to enter the target lens assembly 1002, and also helps to reduce the aperture of the target lens assembly 1002.
  • the first lens 1003 is a biconcave lens, with both its incident and exit surfaces being concave. In this case, all light rays within the field of view can be received through the incident surface of the first lens 1003, allowing more light rays to enter the target lens assembly 1002, and also helping to reduce the aperture of the target lens assembly 1002.
  • the first lens 1003 is a plano-concave lens, with a planar incident surface and a concave exit surface. In this case, because the incident surface of the first lens 1003 is concave, the light entering the first lens 1003 will be diverged, causing the light beam at the edge of the field of view of the first lens 1003 to be filtered out, thereby reducing the interference of stray light on the incident light beam.
  • the first lens 1003 is an aspherical lens. It is understood that aspherical lenses have a continuously changing curvature from the center to the periphery, unlike spherical lenses which have a constant curvature from the center to the periphery. Aspherical lenses have better radius of curvature characteristics, greater degrees of freedom, and advantages in improving distortion aberrations and astigmatism. Using an aspherical lens for the first lens 1003 will result in better light divergence and can minimize the interference of aberrations on the light beam.
  • the target lens assembly 1002 includes the second lens G2, the third lens G3, the fourth lens G4, and the fifth lens G5 as shown in Figure 2.
  • the target lens assembly 1002 please refer to the corresponding content in Figure 2.
  • the second lens G2 and the fifth lens root have negative optical power, while the third lens G3 and the fourth lens G4 have positive optical power.
  • the second lens G2 is a biconcave lens
  • the third lens G3 is a meniscus lens
  • the fourth lens G4 is a biconvex lens
  • the fifth lens G5 is a meniscus lens.
  • the target lens assembly 1002 is an object-side telecentric system, meaning that each beam emitted from the target lens assembly 1002 is a parallel beam, and the spot diameter of the emitted beam does not increase with the increase of the beam propagation distance.
  • the second lens G2 can also be a meniscus lens or a plano-concave lens
  • the third lens G3 can also be a concave-plano lens or a biconvex lens
  • the fourth lens G4 can also be a plano-convex lens
  • the fifth lens G5 can also be a biconcave lens or a plano-concave lens.
  • the incident surface of the second lens G2 is concave
  • the exit surface of the second lens G2 is concave
  • the incident surface of the third lens G3 is concave
  • the exit surface of the third lens G3 is convex
  • the incident surface of the fourth lens G4 is convex
  • the incident surface of the fifth lens G5 is convex
  • the exit surface of the fifth lens G5 is concave.
  • the second lens G2, the third lens G3, the fourth lens G4, and the fifth lens G5 are all spherical lenses.
  • the second lens G2, the third lens G3, the fourth lens G4, and the fifth lens G5 are spherical lenses.
  • one or more of the second lens G2, the third lens G3, the fourth lens G4, or the fifth lens G5 can be aspherical lenses.
  • the second lens G2 can be an aspherical lens, or both the second lens G2 and the fourth lens G4 can be aspherical lenses.
  • the target lens assembly 1002 may also include more or fewer lenses.
  • the target lens assembly 1002 may include a combination of two lenses, three lenses, or five lenses.
  • first lens G1, the second lens G2, the third lens G3, the fourth lens G4, and the fifth lens G5 please refer to the relevant content in Tables 1 and 2 above, which will not be repeated here.
  • the pointing angle of the emitted parallel beam depends on the first focal length f1 of the target lens assembly 1002 and the distance between the target incident parallel beam and the principal optical axis of the target lens assembly 1002, wherein the emitted parallel beam is the beam obtained by passing the target incident parallel beam through the optical lens.
  • the magnification of the optical lens 1000 depends on the first focal length f1 of the target lens assembly 1002 and the second focal length f2 of the first lens.
  • A
  • the optical lens 1000 further includes a first optical element disposed between the first lens array 1001 and the target lens assembly 1002.
  • the first optical element includes one or more of the following: a polarizer, a quarter-wave plate, an optical window, or a filter.
  • the optical lens 1000 can possess functions other than beam expansion.
  • the first optical element is a polarizer
  • the optical lens 1000 can also filter beams of a specified polarization state.
  • the optical lens 1000 can also filter beams of a specified wavelength.
  • the first optical element is tilted between the first lens array 1001 and the target lens assembly 1002.
  • the first optical element is tilted between the first lens array 1001 and the target lens assembly 1002.
  • this application also provides an optical emitting device, including the optical lenses mentioned in the various embodiments above.
  • the optical emitting device may also include a light emitter for providing a parallel light beam.
  • the optical emitting device may also include the light emitter M1 shown in Figure 4 above.
  • the aforementioned optical emitting device further includes a base, a first fixing structure, a second fixing structure, a first fastener, and a second fastener.
  • the first fixing structure is used to fix the first lens array in the optical lens
  • the second fixing structure is used to fix the target lens assembly in the optical lens.
  • the first fastener is sequentially inserted through the first fixing structure and the base
  • the second fastener is sequentially inserted through the second fixing structure and the base.
  • the base is the base 901 shown in Figure 9
  • the first fixing structure is the first fixing structure 902 shown in Figure 9
  • the second fixing structure is the second fixing structure 903 shown in Figure 9
  • the first fastener is the first fastener 907 shown in Figure 9
  • the second fastener is the second fastener 908 shown in Figure 9.
  • the third fixing structures 906a, 906b, and 906c included in Figure 9 can be considered as optional solutions to this embodiment.
  • the first lens array A1, the second lens G2, the third lens G3, the fourth lens G4, and the fifth lens G5 included in Figure 9 can also be considered as optional solutions to this embodiment.
  • the optical transmitting device can be a lidar, a camera device (such as a security black light camera), or other similar device.
  • optical lenses described in the above embodiments can also be applied to other optical emitting devices that need to emit light, and this application does not limit this.
  • This application also provides a terminal device, which includes the optical lens or optical imaging device provided in this application.
  • the terminal device can be a means of transportation, such as a car, truck, aircraft, drone, slow-moving vehicle, spacecraft, or ship, or any other possible vehicle used in any scenario, such as surveying equipment, that can carry a detection device.
  • One or more optical lenses or optical imaging devices provided in this application are deployed on the terminal device.

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Abstract

一种光学镜头及光学成像装置，涉及激光雷达技术领域。光学镜头包括：共轴设置的第一透镜阵列和目标透镜组合。第一透镜阵列由M行N列第一透镜组成，并用于分别通过M*N个入射平行光束，得到M*N个发散光束，M和/或N为大于1的整数。目标透镜组合用于通过上述M*N个发散光束，得到M*N个出射平行光束，并调整M*N个出射平行光束的指向角。其中，第一透镜具有负光焦度，目标透镜组合具有正光焦度，出射平行光束的光斑直径大于入射平行光束的光斑直径。由于本申请中第一透镜具有负光焦度，目标透镜组合具有正光角度，能够让第一透镜阵列与目标透镜组合的间距小于目标透镜组合的焦距，有利于光学镜头的小型化设计。

Description

光学镜头及光学成像装置
本申请要求在2024年7月08日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号为202410907061.X的中国专利申请的优先权，申请名称为“光学镜头及光学成像装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及激光雷达技术领域，尤其涉及一种光学镜头及光学成像装置。
背景技术
激光雷达使用激光完成点云数据采集，需要高准直度的光束与较大口径的光斑以满足其测远和抗干扰的性能需求，因此，通常使用扩束系统对激光光束进行扩束整形，以获取高准直度的光束和较大口径的光斑。此外，为了提升激光雷达的探测性能，还可以采用多通道的激光雷达光学系统，以成倍的提升激光雷达的刷新率和分辨率。
然而，现有的扩束系统无法兼具多通道、扩束和调整指向角等功能，使得扩束系统往往需要增加额外的器件，不利于扩束系统的小型化设计。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种光学镜头及光学成像装置，涉及激光雷达技术领域，用以让多通道扩束系统兼具多通道、扩束和调整指向角等功能，且能够进行小型化设计。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种光学镜头，包括：沿着光束传输的方向依次共轴设置的第一透镜阵列和目标透镜组合。第一透镜阵列由M行N列第一透镜组成，并用于分别通过M*N个入射平行光束，得到M*N个发散光束，M和/或N为大于1的整数。目标透镜组合用于通过上述M*N个发散光束，得到M*N个出射平行光束，并调整M*N个出射平行光束的指向角。其中，第一透镜具有负光焦度，目标透镜组合具有正光焦度，出射平行光束的光斑直径大于入射平行光束的光斑直径。
本申请提供了一种光学镜头，该光学镜头中的第一透镜阵列由M*N个第一透镜组成，且第一透镜具有负光焦度，能够同时对M*N个入射平行光束进行相同程度的扩散，使得光学镜头对M*N个入射平行光束的扩束效果相同，确保M*N个出射平行光束在目标物上形成的光斑大小相同，避免出现因光斑大小不一致，而导致的分辨率不同，使得使用本申请光学镜头的探测装置具有较高的探测分辨率。结合目标透镜组合具有正光焦度的特点，扩散后的M*N个平行光束在经过目标透镜组合之后，会被目标透镜组合再次汇聚为高准直度的光束。由于扩散后的M*N个平行光束中每个光束的主光线与目标透镜组合的主光轴的相对位置互不相同，使得经过目标透镜组合之后的光束有一定的指向角，有利于提高探测光束的覆盖范围，从而增加探测效率。此外，由于本申请中第一透镜具有负光焦度，目标透镜组合具有正光角度，还能够让第一透镜阵列与目标透镜组合的间距小于目标透镜组合的焦距，从而减少光学镜头的体积，有利于光学镜头的小型化设计。
可选地，第一透镜阵列中的一个透镜用于对一束光进行发散。
可选地，目标透镜组合的焦点位于第一透镜阵列的焦平面，从而让每一束经过第一透镜阵列得到的发散光束，被目标透镜组合汇聚为高准直度的平行光束。
可选地，上述入射平行光束的波段为可见光波段或者紫外光波段。
可选地，上述光学镜头用于处理5nm-1000000nm中任意波长的光束。
在一种可能的实施方式中，上述M*N个入射平行光束中的任意两个入射平行光束相互平行。
上述实施方式中，任意两个入射平行光束相互平行，一方面便于设计结构简单的光发射器，例如，仅需确保多个光发射器发射的光束相互即可，无需控制光发射器发射的光束具有特定的指向角。另一方面，本申请利用了平行光束射入目标透镜组合的位置，以调整出射光束的指向角，而无需额外的光学元件用于调整出射光束的指向角，同样有利于光学镜头的简单化、小型化以及低成本化的设计。
在另一种可能的实施方式中，上述第一透镜为以下的任意一项：弯月透镜、双凹透镜或者平凹透镜。
上述实施方式中，第一透镜为弯月透镜、双凹透镜或者平凹透镜的情况下，均能对入射的平行光束进行发散，以得到发散光束。其中，弯月透镜能够尽可能地收集视场内的光线，使更多的光线进入后方光学系统，使得使用小口径的第一透镜就可以接收足量的平行光束，使用小口径的第一透镜还使得多个平行光束的间距可以具有更大的自由度，以及有利于光学镜头的小型化设计。
在另一种可能的实施方式中，上述第一透镜为弯月透镜，第一透镜的入射面为凹面，第一透镜的出射面为凸面。或者，上述第一透镜为弯月透镜，第一透镜的入射面为凸面，第一透镜的出射面为凹面。或者，上述第一透镜为双凹透镜，第一透镜的入射面为凹面，第一透镜的出射面为凹面。或者，上述第一透镜为平凹透镜，第一透镜的入射面为平面，第一透镜的出射面为凹面。
上述实施方式中，第一透镜的入射面为凹面，能够对入射光束进行发散，第一透镜的出射面为凸面，能够再对光束进行一定程度的汇聚，且其汇聚作用小于发散作用，最终使得经过第一透镜的光束处于发散状态。由于，第一透镜的出射面为凸面，且出射光束为发散状态，使得光束经过第一透镜具有较高的透射率。此外，第一透镜的入射面为凹面，出射面为凸面还有利于设计的简单化和方便加工。当上述第一透镜的入射面为凸面，出射面为凹面的情况下，第一透镜能够尽可能的汇聚视场内的光线，使更多的光线进入到目标透镜组合，并且有利于减少目标透镜组合的口径。当上述第一透镜的入射面为平面，出射面为凹面的情况下，第一透镜同样能够接收视场内的所有光线，使更多的光线进入到目标透镜组合，并且有利于减少目标透镜组合的口径。当上述第一透镜的入射面为凹面，出射面为凹面的情况下，从入射面边缘视场进入的光束会被第一透镜过滤掉，从而能够减少杂散光对入射光束的干扰。
在另一种可能的实施方式中，上述第一透镜为非球面透镜。
上述实施方式中，提供了关于第一透镜的一种可能的实施方式，具体为，第一透镜为非球面透镜，非球面镜片的特点是从镜片中心到周边曲率是连续变化的，与从镜片中心到周边有恒定曲率的球面镜片不同，非球面镜片具有更佳的曲率半径特性，自由度更大，具有改善歪曲像差及改善像散像差的优点。第一透镜采用非球面镜片后，发散光线的效果更好，且能够尽可能地消除像差对光束的干扰。
在另一种可能的实施方式中，第一透镜的焦距为-13.957mm。
在另一种可能的实施方式中，目标透镜组合为远心光学系统。
上述实施方式中，目标透镜组合为远心光学系统，使得出射光束均为平行光束，即出射光束的光斑直径不会随光束传播距离的增加而增加。
在另一种可能的实施方式中，目标透镜组合包括：共轴设置的第二透镜、第三透镜、第四透镜和第五透镜。第二透镜和第五透镜具有负光焦度，第三透镜和第四透镜具有正光焦度。第二透镜为双凹透镜，第三透镜为弯月透镜，第四透镜为双凸透镜，第五透镜为弯月透镜。
上述实施方式中，目标透镜组合的第二透镜为负光焦度的双凹透镜，能够过滤掉位于视场边缘的杂散光束，减少引入杂散光束带来的误差，并且能够进一步地对光束进行发散，从而增加扩束倍率。目标透镜组合的第三透镜为正光焦度的弯月透镜，能够尽可能的收集视场内的全部光线，并对收集到的光线进行一定程度的汇聚，从而将收集的光线平稳的过渡到第四透镜，有利于减小系统像差和畸变。目标透镜组合的第四透镜为正光焦度的双凸透镜，能够尽可能地收集视场内的光线，使更多的光线进入第五透镜，并且有利于减小第五透镜的镜片口径。目标透镜组合的第五透镜为负光焦度的弯月透镜，用于将多个发散的光束调整为平行光束。上述实施方式采用四片透镜的光学架构，通过设置四片透镜的形状以及光焦度的合理分配，可以实现将多个发射光束调整为平行光束，且引入一定的指向角，以增大光斑的覆盖范围，从而提高激光雷达的探测效率。此外，还可以减少光学镜头的体积，便于光学镜头的小型化设计。
可选地，第二透镜还可以是弯月透镜或者平凹透镜，第三透镜还可以是凹平透镜或者双凸透镜，第四透镜还可以是平凸透镜，第五透镜还可以是双凹透镜或者平凹透镜。
可选地，目标透镜组合还可以是包括更多或者更少个透镜，例如，目标透镜组合可以包括两个透镜、三个透镜或者五个透镜的组合等。
在另一种可能的实施方式中，第二透镜的入射面为凹面，第二透镜的出射面为凹面，第三透镜的入射面为凹面，第三透镜的出射面为凸面，第四透镜的入射面为凸面，第四透镜的入射面为凸面，第五透镜的入射面为凸面，第五透镜的出射面为凹面。
上述实施方式，提供了关于第二透镜、第三透镜、第四透镜和第五透镜的一种可能的实施方式，具体为，第二透镜的入射面为凹面，第二透镜的出射面为凹面，通过将第二透镜设置为双凹形的负光焦度的透镜，能够过滤掉位于视场边缘的杂散光束，减少引入杂散光束带来的误差，并且能够进一步地对光束进行扩散，从而增加扩束倍率。第三透镜的入射面为凹面，第三透镜的出射面为凸面，通过将第三透镜设置为弯月形的正光焦度的透镜，能够尽可能的收集视场内的全部光线，并对收集到的光线进行一定程度的汇聚，从而将收集的光线平稳的过渡到第四透镜，有利于减小系统像差，减小畸变。第四透镜的入射面为凸面，第四透镜的入射面为凸面，通过将第四透镜设置为双凸形的正光焦度的透镜，能够尽可能地收集视场内的光线，使更多的光线进入第五透镜，并且有利于减小第五透镜的镜片口径。第五透镜的入射面为凸面，第五透镜的出射面为凹面，第五透镜设置为弯月形的负光焦度的透镜，用于将多个发散的光束调整为平行光束。
在另一种可能的实施方式中，上述第二透镜、第三透镜、第四透镜和第五透镜均为球面透镜。
上述实施方式中，第二透镜、第三透镜、第四透镜和第五透镜均为球面透镜，有利于降低镜头的制造成本。
可选地，上述第二透镜、第三透镜、第四透镜或者第五透镜中的一个或多个透镜，可以为非球面透镜。例如，第二透镜为非球面透镜，或者，第二透镜、第四透镜均为非球面透镜。通过将目标透镜组合中的部分或者全部透镜设置为非球面透镜，能够减少由透镜引入的相差，从而提升光束的聚焦性、准直性等，进而提升激光雷达的探测性能。
在另一种可能的实施方式中，第二透镜的焦距是-24.591mm，第三透镜的焦距是67.888mm，第四透镜的焦距是87.232mm，第五透镜的焦距是-390.932mm。
可选地，第二透镜、第三透镜、第四透镜和第五透镜中两个相邻透镜的间距依次为22.65mm、0.916mm和0.617mm。
可选地，第一透镜与第二透镜的间距为21.591mm。
可选地，目标透镜组合的焦距为111.221mm。
可选地，本申请提供的镜头的扩束倍率A取决于目标透镜组合的焦距f1和第一透镜的焦距f2。示例性地，A＝|f1/f2|。
可选地，上述入射平行光束的波长λ为1540nm～1560nm。
在另一种可能的实施方式中，上述出射平行光束的指向角取决于目标透镜组合的第一焦距，和，目标入射平行光束与目标透镜组合的主光轴的间距。出射平行光束是目标入射平行光束经过光学镜头得到的光束。
上述实施方式，提供了一种关于出射平行光束的指向角的具体实施方式，出射平行光束的指向角取决于目标透镜组合的第一焦距，和，目标入射平行光束与目标透镜组合的主光轴的间距，表明可以通过调整目标透镜组合的焦距，和/或，通过调整目标入射平行光束与目标透镜组合的主光轴的间距，以调整出射平行光束的指向角。
可选地，出射平行光束的指向角θ、目标透镜组合的焦距f1、目标入射平行光束与目标透镜组合的主光轴的间距L1，满足以下关系：θ＝arctan(L1/f1)。
在另一种可能的实施方式中，目标透镜组合的第一焦距f1与第一透镜的第二焦距f2，满足以下关系：5≤|f1/f2|≤10。
在另一种可能的实施方式中，光学镜头还包括第一光学元件，第一光学元件设置于第一透镜阵列和目标透镜组合之间。第一光学元件包括以下的一项或多项：偏振片、1/4波片、光学窗口片或者滤光片。
上述实施方式中，光学镜头除了包括第一透镜阵列和目标透镜组合，还包括设置于第一透镜阵列和目标透镜组合之间的第一光学元件，第一光学元件包括偏振片、1/4波片、光学窗口片或者滤光片中的一项或多项，能够让光学镜头具备除扩束之外的功能。例如，第一光学元件为偏振片的情况下，能够使得光学镜头还具备过滤指定偏振态光束的功能。再例如，第一光学元件为滤光片的情况下，能够使得光学镜头还具备过滤指定波段光束的功能。
在另一种可能的实施方式中，上述第一光学元件倾斜设置于第一透镜阵列和目标透镜组合之间。
上述实施方式中，由于每个光学元件均是共轴设置的，当在光学镜头中引入第一光学元件的情况下，第一光学元件会反射部分光束原路返回，并最终形成鬼像。如果将第一光学元件倾斜的设置于第一透镜阵列和目标透镜组合之间，能够消除第一光学元件引入的杂散光。
可选地，设置第一光学元件倾斜的角度为0°到10°之间，例如，设置第一光学元件倾斜的角度为8°。示例性地，第一光学元件倾斜的角度可以理解为，第一光学元件的主光轴与目标透镜组合主光轴的夹角。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种光学发射装置，包括第一方面中任一项所述的光学镜头，以及激光器。其中，激光器用于发射平行光束。
可选地，激光器用于发射M*N个入射平行光束。
可选地，激光器与第一透镜阵列的间距为1.87mm。
在一种可能的实施方式中，上述光学发射装置还包括底座、第一固定结构和第二固定结构，第一固定结构用于固定光学镜头中的第一透镜阵列，第二固定结构用于固定光学镜头中的目标透镜组合。其中，第一固定结构设有第一通孔，第一紧固件依次穿设于第一透镜阵列、第一通孔以及底座，第二固定结构设有第二通孔，第二紧固件依次穿设于目标透镜组合、第二通孔以及底座。
上述实施方式中，通过第一固定结构固定第一透镜阵列，通过第二固定结构固定目标透镜组合，使得，第一透镜阵列与目标透镜组合能够分开装配。可以理解的是，第一透镜阵列的体积通常较小，而目标透镜组合中的透镜体积通常较大，因此，将第一透镜阵列与目标透镜组合分开装配有助于增加装配效率。上述实施方式，还将第一固定结构和第二固定结构固定在底座上，以完成第一透镜阵列与目标透镜组合之间的装配。此外，通过分开装配第一透镜阵列与目标透镜组合的方式，还能够便于调换不同焦距的第一透镜和/或目标透镜组合，以获取不同扩束倍率的镜头。通过分开装配第一透镜阵列与目标透镜组合的方式，还能够便于调整第一透镜阵列中透镜的间距，和/或，目标透镜组合的焦距，以调整出射平行光束的指向角。
可选地，上述光学发射装置还包括第一光学元件，第一光学元件粘接于第一固定结构。第一光学元件包括以下的一项或多项：偏振片、1/4波片、光学窗口片或者滤光片。
可选地，上述光学成像装置可以为激光雷达、摄像装置等装置。
可选地，上述光学镜头也可以应用于其他需要发射光线的光学成像装置中，此处不做限定。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供了一种雷达或雷达系统，该雷达或雷达系统包括上述第一方面或上述第一方面任意可能的实施方式所示的光学镜头，或者包括上述第二方面所示的光学发射装置。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供了一种终端设备，该终端设备包括上述第一方面中任一方面以及任意可能的实施方式所示的光学镜头，或者包括上述第二方面所示的光学发射装置，或者包括上述第三方面所示的雷达或雷达系统。
第五方面，本申请实施例提供了一种车端，该车端包括上述第一方面中任一方面以及任意可能的实施方式所示的光学镜头，或者包括上述第二方面所示的光学成像装置，或者包括上述第三方面所示的雷达或雷达系统，或者包括上述第四方面所示的终端设备。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种物方远心镜头的结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种光学镜头的结构示意图；
图3为上述图2中第一透镜阵列的示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种光线路径的示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的另一种光线路径的示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的一种弥散图的示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的一种波前图的示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的一种MTF图的示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的另一种光学镜头的结构示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的另一种光学镜头的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图对本申请实施例进行描述。
本申请的说明书、权利要求书及附图中的术语“第一”和“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。例如包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备等，没有限定于已列出的步骤或单元，而是可选地还包括没有列出的步骤或单元等，或可选地还包括对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备等固有的其它步骤或单元。
在本文中提及的“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员可以显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
应当理解，在本申请中，“至少一个(项)”是指一个或者多个，“多个”是指两个或两个以上，“至少两个(项)”是指两个或三个及三个以上，“和/或”，用于描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，“A和/或B”可以表示：只存在A，只存在B以及同时存在A和B三种情况，其中A，B可以是单数或者复数。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。“以下至少一项(个)”或其类似表达，是指这些项中的任意组合，包括单项(个)或复数项(个)的任意组合。例如，a，b或c中的至少一项(个)，可以表示：a，b，c，“a和b”，“a和c”，“b和c”，或“a和b和c”，其中a，b，c可以是单个，也可以是多个。
以下先对本申请中的部分用语进行解释说明。需要说明的是，这些解释是为了便于本领域技术人员理解，并不旨在对本申请所要求的保护范围形成限定。
(1)物方远心镜头。
物方远心镜头通常是指镜头的入射光瞳位于物方内无限远位置的镜头，如图1所示。物方远心镜头的物方主光线平行于光轴，主光线的汇聚中心位于物方无限远，可以让物方远心镜头出射的光束均为平行光束，使得像面在像空间的任意位置均可以得到清晰的成像，且成像的放大倍数与相距成直接关系。
此外，远心镜头还包括像方远心镜头和双远心镜头，其中，像方远心镜头是指镜头的出射光瞳位于物方内无限远位置的镜头，双远心镜头则是指入射光瞳和出射光瞳均位于无限远位置的镜头。关于像方远心镜头和双远心镜头的介绍，可以参考现有技术，这里不再一一赘述。
(2)目镜和物镜。
目镜和物镜通常是光学显微镜中的基本组合，它们分别位于显微镜的眼端和物体端，有着不同的作用和功能。例如，目镜能够决定用户的视场大小，从而影响用户在一次观察中看到的区域范围。物镜则用于收集来自物体反射的光线，从而影响显微镜的放大倍数和分辨率。
在本申请中，目镜和物镜也可以是光学镜头中的基本组合。示例性地，目镜与发光单元相邻设置，用于接收来自发光单元的光束，物镜则用于处理目镜输出的光束，并向目标对象提供处理后的光束，例如，目镜用于尽可能地收集发光单元发出的光束以提供给物镜，物镜则用于完成光束的扩束或者相差纠正等处理。
上述术语的解释可以应用在下文中。
附图中所示的球面或非球面的形状通过示例的方式示出。即，球面或非球面的形状不限于附图中示出的球面或非球面的形状。附图仅为示例而并非严格按比例绘制。
如背景技术部分所述，现有的扩束系统无法兼具多通道、扩束和调整指向角等功能，使得扩束系统往往需要增加额外的器件，不利于扩束系统的小型化设计。
下面将结合附图对本申请提供的光学镜头及光学发射装置进行说明。
请参阅图2，图2为本申请实施例提供的一种光学镜头的结构示意图。
如图2所示，该光学镜头包括：
共轴设置的第一透镜阵列A1、第二透镜G2、第三透镜G3、第四透镜G4和第五透镜G5，其中，第一透镜阵列A1由4个第一透镜G1组成，沿着光的入射方向(图2所示从左到右)，第一透镜G1、第二透镜G2和第五透镜G5为负光焦度的透镜，第三透镜G3和第四透镜G4为正光焦度的透镜。第一透镜G1、第三透镜G3和第五透镜G5均为弯月透镜，第二透镜G2为双凹透镜，第四透镜G4为双凸透镜。
在一种可能的实施方式中，4个入射平行光束依次通过第一透镜阵列A1、第二透镜G2、第三透镜G3、第四透镜G4和第五透镜G5，并得到4个出射平行光束。其中：
第一透镜阵列A1用于通过4个入射平行光束，例如，第一透镜阵列A1中的4个第一透镜G1分别用于通过一个入射平行光束，并对入射平行光束进行发散，得到发散光束。可选地，第一透镜G1的入射面S1为凹面，第一透镜G1的出射面S2为凸面。第一透镜G1的入射面S1为凹面，能够对入射光束进行发散。第一透镜G1的出射面S2为凸面，能够再对光束进行一定程度的汇聚，且其汇聚作用小于发散作用，最终使得经过第一透镜G1的光束处于发散状态。由于，第一透镜G1的出射面S2为凸面，且出射光束为发散状态，使得光束经过第一透镜G1具有较高的透射率。此外，第一透镜G1的入射面S1为凹面，出射面S2为凸面还有利于设计的简单化和方便加工。第一透镜阵列A1包括相同的4个第一透镜G1，还能够使得第一透镜阵列A1对4个入射平行光束的扩散程度相同，确保4个入射平行光束对应的4个出射平行光束在目标物上形成的光斑大小相同，从而避免出现因光斑大小不一致，而导致的分辨率不同。
可选地，上述4个入射平行光束由光发射器M1提供。光发射器M1可以包括以下一种或者多种光源：垂直腔面发射激光器(vertical cavity surface emitting laser，VCSEL)、光子晶体表面发射激光器(photonic crystal surface emitting semiconductor lasers，PCSEL)、边发射激光器(edge emitting laser，EEL)、激光二极管(laser diode，LD)、分布式反馈激光二极管(distributed feedback LD，DFB-LD)、光栅耦合采样反射激光二极管(Grating coupled sampling reflection LD，GCSR-LD)、或者微光机电系统激光二极管(micro opto electro mechanical system LD，MOEMS-LD)等。此外，光发射器M1能够提供平行光束的数量，本申请不做限定。例如，光发射器M1能够提供4个、5个或者6个平行光束。
第二透镜G2的入射面S3和出射面S4均为凹面，使得第二透镜G2为负光焦度的透镜，用于对光束进行进一步的发散，从而增加扩束倍率。第二透镜G2为双凹透镜，一方面能够过滤掉位于视场边缘的杂散光束，减少引入杂散光束带来的误差，另一方面能够减小孔径光阑的口径，过滤掉不垂直于第二透镜G2的光线，避免其进入之后的光学系统，从而使得由第二透镜G2、第三透镜G3、第四透镜G4和第五透镜G5组成的光学系统能够为物方远心系统，进而确保从光学镜头出射的光束均为平行光。
第三透镜G3的入射面S5为凹面，第三透镜G3的出射面S6为凸面，使得第三透镜G3为正光焦度的弯月透镜，能够尽可能的收集视场内的全部光线，并对收集到的光线进行一定程度的汇聚，从而将收集的光线平稳的过渡到第四透镜G4，有利于减小系统像差和畸变。
第四透镜G4的入射面S7和出射面S8均为凸面，使得第四透镜G4为正光焦度的透镜，同样能够尽可能地收集视场内的光线，使更多的光线进入第五透镜G5，并且有利于减小第五透镜G5的镜片口径。
第五透镜G5的入射面S9为凸面，能够尽可能的收集视场内的光线。第五透镜G5的出射面S10为凹面，能够将第五透镜G5收集的光线进行聚焦，并得到具有一定指向角的平行光束。
结合上述描述可以知道，图2所示的光学镜头能够同时对4个入射平行光束进行扩束，且扩束后得到出射光束均为高准直度的平行光束。相当于，图2所示的光学镜头同时包括相互独立4个扩束通道，实现了多通道复用一个光学镜头的效果，能够提升扩束效率、减少镜头的体积，有利于扩束镜头的小型化和低成本设计。此外，由于4个入射平行光束与主光轴的相对位置互不相同，使得第二透镜G2、第三透镜G3、第四透镜G4和第五透镜G5对不同入射平行光束的折射角度也互不相同，最终会导致4个出射平行光束具有不同的指向角。
可选地，可以将第二透镜G2、第三透镜G3、第四透镜G4和第五透镜G5看作目标透镜组合，该目标透镜组合用于将从第一透镜阵列A1出射的发散光束，重新聚焦为平行光束，并且赋予一定的指向角。关于目标透镜组合如何将发散光束重新聚焦为平行光束，并赋予一定指向角的介绍，可以参考上述对应的描述，这里不再赘述。
可选地，可以将上述第一透镜阵列A1作为目镜，上述目标透镜组合作为物镜。光束从目镜射入再经过物镜射出，光束对应的光斑会被放大，达到扩束的效果。结合第一透镜阵列A1能够同时接收多个光束，使得上述目镜和物镜的组合能够同时对多个光束扩束，即多通道扩束。此外，由于物镜具有物方远心的功能，也使得经过上述目镜和物镜的组合扩束得到的光束为平行光束，且具有一定的指向角。
在另一种可能的实施方式中，光学镜头的扩束倍率A取决于目标透镜组合的焦距f1和第一透镜的焦距f2，例如，A＝|f1/f2|。
示例性地，目标透镜组合的焦距f1为111.221mm，第一透镜的焦距f2为-13.957mm，则扩束倍率A＝|111.221/-13.957|≈7.97。
可选地，目标透镜组合的焦距f1与第一透镜的焦距f2，可以满足以下关系：5≤|f1/f2|≤10。
可选地，第二透镜G2、第三透镜G3、第四透镜G4和第五透镜G5的焦距依次为-24.591mm、67.888mm、87.232mm和-390.932mm，第二透镜G2、第三透镜G3、第四透镜G4和第五透镜G5中两个相邻透镜的间距依次为22.65mm、0.916mm和0.617mm。在该情况下，可以使得目标透镜组合的焦距为111.221mm。关于如何计算透镜组合的焦距，可以参考现有技术，这里不再赘述。
在另一种可能的实施方式中，出射平行光束的指向角θ、目标透镜组合的焦距f1、目标入射平行光束与目标透镜组合的主光轴的间距L1，满足以下关系：θ＝arctan(L1/f1)。其中，出射平行光束是目标入射平行光束经过光学镜头得到的光束。
示例性地，在目标透镜组合的焦距f1为111.221mm，目标入射平行光束与目标透镜组合的主光轴的间距L1为3.6mm的情况下，出射平行光束的指向角θ＝arctan(3.6/111.221)≈1.85°。因此，可以通过调整f1，和/或，L1，以调整出射平行光束的指向角θ。
可选地，上述图2所示的光学镜头的各个元器件的参数信息(曲率半径、厚度/间距、折射率及散射系数)可以如下表一所示：
表一
可选地，第一透镜为非球面透镜。非球面镜片的特点是从镜片中心到周边曲率是连续变化的，与从镜片中心到周边有恒定曲率的球面镜片不同，非球面镜片具有更佳的曲率半径特性，自由度更大，具有改善歪曲像差及改善像散像差的优点。第一透镜采用非球面镜片后，发散光线的效果更好，且能够尽可能地消除像差对光束的干扰。
第一透镜G1的面型(z)可以满足如下公式：
其中，z为非球面沿光轴方向在高度为r的位置时，距非球面顶点的距离矢高，c为非球面的近轴曲率，c＝1/R，R为曲率半径，k为圆锥系数(conic)，a4、a6、a8、a10、a12等为高次项系数，可以按照如下表二所示的系数设置：
表二
可选地，上述入射平行光束的波长λ为1540nm～1560nm。
在另一种可能的实施方式中，图2所示的光学镜头还包括第一光学元件(图2中未示出)，第一光学元件设置于第一透镜阵列和目标透镜组合之间。第一光学元件包括以下的一项或多项：偏振片、1/4波片、光学窗口片或者滤光片。在该实施方式中，通过在第一透镜阵列和目标透镜组合之间设置第一光学元件，能够让光学镜头具备除扩束之外的功能。例如，第一光学元件为偏振片的情况下，光学镜头还具备过滤指定偏振态光束的功能。再例如，第一光学元件为滤光片的情况下，光学镜头还具备过滤指定波段光束的功能。
在另一种可能的实施方式中，第一光学元件倾斜的设置于第一透镜阵列和目标透镜组合之间。通过该方式能够消除第一光学元件引入的杂散光。
在另一种可能的实施方式中，请参阅图3，第一透镜阵列A1可以由M行N列第一透镜G1组成，M和N为大于或者等于1的整数，例如，M＝3，N＝4，或者，M＝5，N＝6等。在该实施方式中，第一透镜G1则用于通过M*N个入射平行光束。
结合上述描述可以知道，本申请提供的光学镜头，一方面能够同时对4个平行光束进行扩束，以实现多个扩束通道共用一个光学镜头的效果，即多通道复用。另一方面，由第二透镜G2、第三透镜G3、第四透镜G4和第五透镜G5组成的透镜组合具有物方远心的特点，使得扩束后的光束具有极高的准直度与一定的出射角。可以理解的是，极高准直度的出射光束，使得出射平行光束的能够有效的减少光束不均衡造成的探测误差，具有第一出射角的光束则能够提升光束的覆盖范围。此外，第一透镜G1具有负光焦度，第二透镜G2、第三透镜G3、第四透镜G4和第五透镜G5组成的透镜组合具有正光角度，也能够缩短光学镜头的系统总长，有利于光学镜头的小型化设计。综上，本申请提供的光学镜头能够同时对多个平行光束进行高倍率的扩束，并为扩束后的光束提供极高的准直度与一定的出射角，以提升探测装置的探测效率。由于第一透镜阵列A1中的透镜为负光焦度，使得第一透镜阵列A1的构成的虚焦点，还能够大幅缩短光学镜头的总长，有利于探测装置的小型化设计。
请参阅图4，图4为本申请实施例提供的一种光线路径的示意图。
如图4所示，4个入射平行光束分别穿过第一透镜阵列A1中的4个第一透镜G1，然后依次穿过第二透镜G2、第三透镜G3、第四透镜G4和第五透镜G5，然后得到4个出射平行光束。接下来，结合图2和图4对光线路径进行进一步的介绍，入射平行光束依次穿过第一透镜G1的入射面S1、第一透镜G1的出射面S2、第二透镜G2的入射面S3、第二透镜G2的出射面S4、第三透镜G3的入射面S5、第三透镜G3的出射面S6、第四透镜G4的入射面S7、第四透镜G4的出射面S8、第五透镜G5的入射面S9和第五透镜G5的出射面S10，并最终得到出射平行光束。从图4中可以看出，4个入射平行光束分别会得到4个出射平行光束，且出射平行光束的直径大于入射平行光束的直径，使得，本申请提供的光学镜头能够同时对多个平行光束进行高倍率的扩束。此外，图4所示的出射平行光束与主光轴也呈一定的夹角，即出射平行光束具有一定的指向角，使得出射平行光束的光强分布较均匀，且能够覆盖更大的区域，以提升探测装置的探测分辨率、探测范围和探测效率。仅一步地，由于第一透镜阵列A1中的透镜为负光焦度，使得第一透镜阵列A1的构成的虚焦点，还能够大幅缩短光学镜头的总长，有利于探测装置的小型化设计。
为了更清晰的展示出射平行光束的指向角，请参阅图5，图5为本申请实施例提供的另一种光线路径的示意图。从图5中可以看出，出射平行光束1、出射平行光束2、出射平行光束3和出射平行光束4均与主光轴呈一定的夹角。此外，由于入射平行光束1与主光轴的间距大于入射平行光束2与主光轴的间距，使得出射平行光束1与主光轴的夹角大于出射平行光束2与主光轴的夹角。同样的，由于入射平行光束4与主光轴的间距大于入射平行光束3与主光轴的间距，使得出射平行光束4与主光轴的夹角大于出射平行光束3与主光轴的夹角。
需要说明的是，图5为一种简化的光线路径示意图，用于展示出射平行光束的指向角，此外，图5还用于展示出射平行光束的指向角、入射平行光束与主光轴间距之间的关系。因此，不应将图5所示的光线路径，作为本申请的限定。
请参阅图6，图6为本申请实施例提供的一种弥散图的示意图，图6所示的弥散图例如是光束经过上述图2所示光学镜头对应的弥散图。结合上述图2和图5，图6中的(a)为出射平行光束1对应的弥散图，图6中的(b)为出射平行光束2对应的弥散图，图6中的(c)为出射平行光束3对应的弥散图，图6中的(d)为出射平行光束4对应的弥散图。图6所示的每一张弥散图中横坐标和纵坐标的单位均为毫弧度(milli-radians，mr)，每个入射光束的视场角均为(0，0)，即每个入射光束在子午方向和弧矢方向的视场角均为0mr，出射光束对应的视场角依次为(0，-0.032)、(0，-0.011)、(0，0.011)和(0.032)，关于出射视场角的介绍，可以参考上述入射视场角的描述，进行理解，这里不再赘述。此外，上述入射光束的波长均为1550nm。从而图6中可以看出，每个弥散斑的均方根半径(root mean square radius，RMS)均小于0.025mr，例如，四个出射平行光束对应的RMS依次为0.014、0.010、0.010和0.014，可见从图2所示光学镜头输出的平行光束均有极高的准直度。此外，图6所示四个弥散斑的RMS半径只差也小于0.002mr。例如，出射平行光束1与出射平行光束2的RMS半径相差0.002mr，出射平行光束2与出射平行光束3的RMS半径相差0mr，出射平行光束3与出射平行光束4的RMS半径相差0.002mr，可见从图2所示光学镜头输出的平行光束之间的光斑大小接近，具有较高的一致性。
请参阅图7，图7为本申请实施例提供的一种波前图的示意图，图7所示的波前图例如是光束经过上述图2所示光学镜头对应的波前图。结合上述图2和图5，图7中的(a)为出射平行光束1对应的波前图，图7中的(b)为出射平行光束2对应的波前图，图7中的(c)为出射平行光束3对应的波前图，图7中的(d)为出射平行光束4对应的波前图。图7所示的每一张波前图的横坐标轴用于表示出瞳在弧矢方向上的归一化半径，纵坐标轴表示出瞳在子午方向上的归一化半径，颜色的深度表示波前值，例如，颜色越深表示波前值越大。
从图7所示的波前图可以看出，每一个出射平行光束对应的波前峰谷值(peak to valley，PV)均小于0.05λ，接近于理想状态，例如，图7中四幅波前图的PV依次为0.445λ、0.449λ、0.449λ和0.0445λ。此外，图7中四幅波前图的RMS依次为0.0084λ、0.0107λ、0.0107λ和0.0084λ。因此，上述图2所示光学镜头均有极高的扩束质量，从而有助于提升探测装置的探测性能。上述λ为光束的波长，图7所示波前图中光束的波长为1550nm。
请参阅图8，图8为本申请实施例提供的一种MTF图的示意图，图8所示的调制传递函数(modulation transfer function,MTF)图例如是上述图2所示光学镜头对应的MTF图。图8所示的4幅MTF图则分别为图2所示光学镜头中4个通道对应的MTF图，其中，图8中的(a)为通道1对应的MTF图，图8中的(b)为通道2对应的MTF图，图8中的(c)为通道3对应的MTF图，图8中的(d)为通道4对应的MTF图。其中，图2所示光学镜头中4个通道可以理解为，图2所示光学镜头中用于通过4个平行光束的通道，即每一个第一透镜G1对应于一个通道。进一步的，可以按照第一透镜G1在第一透镜阵列A1中的位置(例如，图2所示从上至下)，将光学镜头中的4个通道区分为通道1、通道2、通道3和通道4。
图8中的横坐标用于表示环每毫弧度，纵坐标用于表示调制传递函数(modulation transfer function,MTF)，图8中(a)和(d)中标注了衍射极限对应的曲线和实际MTF对应的曲线，图8中(b)和(c)中衍射极限对应的曲线与实际MFT对应的曲线高度重合，因此未在图中进行相应的标注。从图8中可以看出每个通道的MTF均接近理想状态(衍射极限)，因此，图2所示的光学镜头具有极高的分辨率。其中，衍射极限是指光学系统中能够达到的最佳分辨率或最小细节尺寸，它通常取决于光波的波长和光学系统的孔径(或者其他限制光传播的因素)等因素。
请参阅图9，图9为本申请实施例提供的另一种光学镜头的结构示意图。如图9所示，沿光束的入射方向(图9所示从左至右的方向)依次设置的第一透镜阵列A1、第二透镜G2、第三透镜G3、第四透镜G4和第五透镜G5。其中，第一透镜阵列A1设置在第一固定结构902上，第二透镜G2、第三透镜G3、第四透镜G4和第五透镜G5均设置在第二固定结构903上，第一固定结构902和第二固定结构903则设置在底座901上。关于，第一透镜阵列A1设置在第一固定结构902的方式，以及第二透镜G2、第三透镜G3、第四透镜G4和第五透镜G5设置在第二固定结构903的方式，本申请不做限定。
可选地，可以将上述第一透镜阵列A1作为目镜，将上述第二透镜G2、第三透镜G3、第四透镜G4和第五透镜G5作为物镜。当然，用于固定第一透镜阵列A1的第一固定结构902也可以作为目镜的一部分，类似地，用于固定第二透镜G2、第三透镜G3、第四透镜G4和第五透镜G5的第二固定结构903也可以作为物镜的一部分。可选地，第一透镜阵列A1和第一固定结构902均设有通孔(图9中未示出)，可以通过紧固件穿设于通孔的方式将第一头透镜阵列A1设置在第一固定结构902上。
可选地，第一固定结构902内置卡扣结构(图9中未示出)，用于固定第一透镜阵列A1。
可选地，第二固定结构903、第二透镜G2、第三透镜G3、第四透镜G4和第五透镜G5均设有通孔(图9中未示出)，可以通过紧固件穿设于通孔的方式将第二透镜G2、第三透镜G3、第四透镜G4和第五透镜G5设置在第二固定结构903上。
可选地，第二透镜G2、第三透镜G3、第四透镜G4和第五透镜G5可以称为目标透镜组合。
可选地，第二固定结构903内置有第三固定结构，第三固定结构设置于每两个透镜之间，例如，第二透镜G2与第三透镜G3之间设置有第三固定结构906a，第三透镜G3与第四透镜G4之间设置有第三固定结构906b，第四透镜G4与第五透镜G5之间设置有第三固定结构906c。本申请中，第三固定结构的形状和大小可以取决于两个相邻透镜的大小和空间位置关系，例如，第二透镜G2与第三透镜G3的间距大于第三透镜G3与第四透镜G4的间距，则第三固定结构906a的长度大于第三固定结构906b的长度。
在一种可能的设计方案中，第二固定结构903内置有第四固定结构905，第四固定结构905内置了上述第三固定结构906b。关于第四固定结构905如何设置在第二固定结构903的具体实现，本申请不做限定。例如，第四固定结构905可以通过镶嵌或者卡扣等方式，设置在第二固定结构903上。
在另一种可能的设计中，第一紧固件907依次穿设于第一固定结构902和底座901，用于将第一固定结构902固定在底座901上。相似的方式，第二紧固件908依次穿设于第二固定结构903和底座901，用于将第二固定结构903固定在底座901上。示例性地，第一固定结构902设有第一通孔，底座901设有第二通孔，第一紧固件907依次穿设于第一通孔和第二通孔。示例性地，第二固定结构903设有第三通孔，底座901设有第四通孔，第二紧固件908依次穿设于第三通孔和第四通孔。
可选地，光学镜头中还包括第一光学元件904，第一光学元件904设置于第一透镜阵列A1和第二透镜G2之间。第一光学元件例如是偏振片、1/4波片、光学窗口片或者滤光片中的一项或多项(图9所示光学镜头可以安装1或2个第一光学元件904)。当然，通过将第一光学元件倾斜的设置于光学镜头中，可以减少第一光学元件引入的相差。
如图9所示，第一光学元件904可以设置在底座901上。可选地，第一光学元件904也可以粘接于第一固定结构902上。
在另一种可能的设计方案中，光学镜头可以包括更多或者更少的透镜，例如，光学镜头中包括第一透镜阵列、第二透镜G2和第三透镜G3。
可选地，光学镜头中透镜的材料可以包括但不限于以下至少一项：型号为H-ZPK1A的玻璃，型号为H-FK61的玻璃。
需要说明的是，图9所示的光学镜头为示例性地，不构成对本申请的限定。
图9所示的实施方式中，通过第一固定结构902固定第一透镜阵列A1，通过第二固定结构903固定目标透镜组合，使得，第一透镜阵列A1与目标透镜组合能够分开装配。可以理解的是，第一透镜阵列A1的体积通常较小，而目标透镜组合中的透镜体积通常较大，因此，将第一透镜阵列A1与目标透镜组合分开装配有助于增加装配效率。上述实施方式，还将第一固定结构902和第二固定结构903固定在底座901上，以完成第一透镜阵列A1与目标透镜组合之间的装配。此外，通过分开装配第一透镜阵列A1与目标透镜组合的方式，还能够便于调换不同焦距的第一透镜G1和/或目标透镜组合，以获取不同扩束倍率的镜头。通过分开装配第一透镜阵列A1与目标透镜组合的方式，还能够便于调整第一透镜阵列A1中第一透镜G1的间距，和/或，目标透镜组合的焦距，以调整出射平行光束的指向角。
请参阅图10，图10为本申请实施例提供的另一种光学镜头的结构示意图。
如图10所示，光学镜头1000包括：沿着光束传输的方向依次共轴设置的第一透镜阵列1001和目标透镜组合1002。
第一透镜阵列1001由M行N列第一透镜1003组成(图10为第一透镜阵列1001的侧视图，关于第一透镜阵列1001的正视图可以参考上述图3)，M和/或N为大于1的整数，例如，M＝2，N＝3，或者，M＝4，N＝2等。
第一透镜1003具有负光角度，用于对入射平行光束进行发散，得到发散光束。示例性地，第一透镜1003为弯月透镜。关于第一透镜1003的具体介绍可以参考前述图2中第一透镜G1的相关描述，这里不再赘述。
目标透镜组合1002具有正光角度，用于将经过第一透镜阵列1001得到的发散光束汇聚成出射平行光束，并调整出射平行光束的指向角。示例性地，目标透镜组合1002包括一个或者多个透镜，当目标透镜组合1002包括一个透镜的情况下，该透镜为正光焦度的透镜。当目标透镜组合1002包括多个透镜的情况下，该多个透镜的组合焦距为正。
可选地，出射平行光束的光斑直径大于入射平行光束的光斑直径。例如，出射平行光束的光斑直径为8nm，入射平行光束的光斑直径为2nm。
需要说明的是，图10中所示的所有透镜(例如第一透镜1003以及目标透镜组合1002中的透镜)的形状不对本申请构成任何限定，仅用于方便理解。例如，第一透镜1003可以为弯月透镜、平凹透镜或者双凹透镜中的任意一项，而不是图10中所示的双凸透镜。
上述实施方式中，第一透镜阵列1001包括的M*N个第一透镜1003组成，且每一个第一透镜1003具有相同的负光焦度，能够同时对M*N个入射平行光束进行相同程度的扩散，使得光学镜头1000对M*N个入射平行光束的扩束效果相同，确保M*N个出射平行光束在目标物上形成的光斑大小相同，避免出现因光斑大小不一致，而导致的分辨率不同，使得使用本申请光学镜头的探测装置具有较高的探测分辨率。结合目标透镜组合1002具有正光焦度的特点，扩散后的M*N个平行光束在经过目标透镜组合之后，会被目标透镜组合1002再次汇聚为极高准直度的光束。由于扩散后的M*N个平行光束中每个光束的主光线与目标透镜组合1002的主光轴的相对位置互不相同，使得经过目标透镜组合1002之后的光束有一定的指向角，有利于提高探测光束的覆盖范围，从而增加探测效率。此外，由于本申请中第一透镜1003具有负光焦度，目标透镜组合具有正光角度，还能够让第一透镜阵列1001与目标透镜组合1002的间距小于目标透镜组合1002的焦距，从而减少光学镜头1000的体积，有利于光学镜头1000的小型化设计。
可选地，第一透镜阵列1001中的一个第一透镜1003用于对一个入射平行光束进行发散。
可选地，目标透镜组合1002的焦点位于第一透镜阵列1001中任意一个第一透镜1003的焦平面，从而让每一束经过第一透镜阵列1001得到的发散光束，被目标透镜组合1002汇聚为高准直度的平行光束。可以理解的是，由于第一透镜阵列1001中每一个第一透镜1003的焦距相同，使得，每一个第一透镜1003的焦平面也相同。
可选地，上述入射平行光束的波段为可见光波段或者紫外光波段。
可选地，上述光学镜头用于处理5nm-1000000nm中任意波长的光束。
在一种可能的实施方式中，光学镜头1000用于分别通过M*N个入射平行光束。即，光学镜头1000能够同时对M*N个入射平行光束进行扩束，并分别赋予不同的指向角。在光学镜头1000应用于激光雷达的情况下，能够让激光雷达发射的探测光束具有更大的覆盖范围，从而提高激光雷达的扫描效率和分辨率，进而提升激光雷达的探测性能。
可选地，上述M*N个入射平行光束中的任意两个入射平行光束相互平行。本申请提供的光学镜头1000能够在入射平行光束相互平行的情况下，通过让入射平行光束在不同的位置进入目标透镜组合1002，使得每个出射光束为平行光束的同时，还具有一定的指向角，使得光学镜头1000在无需增加额外光学元件的情况下，能够调整出射光束的指向角，有利于光学镜头1000的简单化、小型化以及低成本化的设计。此外，入射平行光束之间相互平行，还有利于光发射器的简单化和低成本设计。例如，在确保多个光发射器的发光面处于同一平面即可，而无需通过调整每个光发射器所发射光束的角度，以调整出射光束的指向角。显然，将多个光发射器的发光面设置为同一平面的实现成本，会明显低于将每个光发射器所发射的光束调整为特定的角度的实现成本。
在另一种可能的实施方式中，上述第一透镜1003为以下的任意一项：弯月透镜、双凹透镜或者平凹透镜。在第一透镜1003为弯月透镜、双凹透镜或者平凹透镜的情况下，均能对入射的平行光束进行发散，以得到发散光束。其中，弯月透镜能够尽可能地收集视场内的光线，使更多的光线进入后方光学系统，使得使用小口径的第一透镜1003就可以接收足量的平行光束。使用小口径的第一透镜1003还使得多个平行光束的间距可以具有更大的自由度，以及有利于光学镜头的小型化设计。
接下来，具体介绍第一透镜1003的设置方式，以及相应的有益效果。需要说明的是，下文中示出的入射面或者出射面均是对于光束传播方向而言的入射面和出射面。
1)第一透镜1003为弯月透镜，第一透镜1003的入射面为凹面，能够对入射光束进行发散，第一透镜1003的出射面为凸面，能够再对光束进行一定程度的汇聚，且其汇聚作用小于发散作用，最终使得经过第一透镜的光束处于发散状态。由于，第一透镜的出射面为凸面，且出射光束为发散状态，使得光束经过第一透镜具有较高的透射率。此外，第一透镜的入射面为凹面，出射面为凸面还有利于设计的简单化和方便加工。当上述第一透镜的入射面为凸面，出射面为凹面的情况下，第一透镜能够尽可能的汇聚视场内的光线。
2)第一透镜1003为弯月透镜，第一透镜1003的入射面为凸面，第一透镜1003的出射面为凹面。在该情况下，通过第一透镜1003的入射面，能够尽可能的汇聚视场内的光线，使更多的光线进入到目标透镜组合1002，并且有利于减少目标透镜组合1002的口径。
3)第一透镜1003为双凹透镜，第一透镜1003的入射面和出射面均为凹面。在该情况下，通过第一透镜1003的入射面，同样能够接收视场内的所有光线，使更多的光线进入到目标透镜组合1002，并且有利于减少目标透镜组合1002的口径。
4)第一透镜1003为平凹透镜，第一透镜1003的入射面为平面，第一透镜1003的出射面为凹面。在该情况下，由于第一透镜1003的入射面为凹面，使得进入第一透镜1003的光线会被发散，导致第一透镜1003视场边缘的光束会被过滤掉，从而能够减少杂散光对入射光束的干扰。
在另一种可能的设计方案中，第一透镜1003为非球面透镜。可以理解的是，非球面镜片具有从镜片中心到周边曲率是连续变化的特点，与从镜片中心到周边有恒定曲率的球面镜片不同，非球面镜片具有更佳的曲率半径特性，自由度更大，具有改善歪曲像差及改善像散像差的优点。第一透镜1003为非球面透镜发散光线的效果会更好，且能够尽可能地消除像差对光束的干扰。
在一种可能的设计方案中，目标透镜组合1002包括前述图2中的第二透镜G2、第三透镜G3、第四透镜G4和第五透镜G5。关于目标透镜组合1002的介绍，可以参考前述图2中对应的内容。
可选地，第二透镜G2和第五透镜根具有负光焦度，第三透镜G3和第四透镜G4具有正光焦度。第二透镜G2为双凹透镜，第三透镜G3为弯月透镜，第四透镜G4为双凸透镜，第五透镜G5为弯月透镜。关于该实施方式的有益效果，可以参考前述图2中对应的描述，这里不再赘述。
可选地，目标透镜组合1002为物方远心系统，即从目标透镜组合1002出射的每一个光束均为平行光束，即出射光束的光斑直径不会随光束传播距离的增加而增加。
可选地，第二透镜G2还可以是弯月透镜或者平凹透镜，第三透镜G3还可以是凹平透镜或者双凸透镜，第四透镜G4还可以是平凸透镜，第五透镜G5还可以是双凹透镜或者平凹透镜。
可选地，第二透镜G2的入射面为凹面，第二透镜G2的出射面为凹面，第三透镜G3的入射面为凹面，第三透镜G3的出射面为凸面，第四透镜G4的入射面为凸面，第四透镜G4的入射面为凸面，第五透镜G5的入射面为凸面，第五透镜G5的出射面为凹面。
可选地，第二透镜G2、第三透镜G3、第四透镜G4和第五透镜G5均为球面透镜，通过将第二透镜G2、第三透镜G3、第四透镜G4和第五透镜G5设置为球面透镜，有利于降低镜头的制造成本。
可选地，第二透镜G2、第三透镜G3、第四透镜G4或者第五透镜G5中的一个或多个透镜，可以为非球面透镜。例如，第二透镜G2为非球面透镜，或者，第二透镜G2、第四透镜G4均为非球面透镜。通过将目标透镜组合中的部分或者全部透镜设置为非球面透镜，能够减少由透镜引入的相差，从而提升光束的聚焦性、准直性等，进而提升激光雷达的探测性能。
可选地，目标透镜组合1002还可以是包括更多或者更少个透镜，例如，目标透镜组合1002可以包括两个透镜、三个透镜或者五个透镜的组合等。
关于，第一透镜G1、第二透镜G2、第三透镜G3、第四透镜G4和第五透镜G5更详细的设计参数，可以参考上述表1和表2的相关内容，这里不再赘述。
在另一种可能的实施方式中，出射平行光束的指向角取决于目标透镜组合1002的第一焦距f1，和，目标入射平行光束与目标透镜组合1002的主光轴的间距，其中，出射平行光束是目标入射平行光束经过光学镜头得到的光束。示例性地，出射平行光束的指向角θ、目标透镜组合的焦距f1、目标入射平行光束与目标透镜组合的主光轴的间距L1，满足以下关系：θ＝arctan(L1/f1)。关于计算指向角的具体实例，可以参考前述图2中对应内容，这里同样不再赘述。
在另一种可能的实施方式中，光学镜头1000的扩束倍率取决于目标透镜组合1002的第一焦距f1和第一透镜的第二焦距f2。示例性地，f1、f2与扩束倍率A满足以下关系：A＝|f1/f2|。关于计算扩束倍率的具体实例，可以参考前述图2中对应内容，这里同样不再赘述。
在另一种可能的实施方式中，光学镜头1000还包括第一光学元件，第一光学元件设置于第一透镜阵列1001和目标透镜组合1002之间。第一光学元件包括以下的一项或多项：偏振片、1/4波片、光学窗口片或者滤光片。通过在第一透镜阵列1001和目标透镜组合1002之间设置第一光学元件，能够让光学镜头1000具备除扩束之外的功能。例如，第一光学元件为偏振片的情况下，能够使得光学镜头1000还具备过滤指定偏振态光束的功能。再例如，第一光学元件为滤光片的情况下，能够使得光学镜头1000还具备过滤指定波段光束的功能。
可选地，上述第一光学元件倾斜设置于第一透镜阵列1001和目标透镜组合1002之间。关于，该实施方式的有益效果，可以参考前述图2中对应内容的描述，这里不再赘述。
在另一种可能的实施方式中，本申请实施例还提供了一种光学发射装置，包括上文各个实施例所提及的光学镜头。例如，图2中所示的光学镜头或者图10中所示的光学镜头1000。
可选地，光学发射装置还可以包括光发射器，用于提供平行光束。例如，光学发射装置还可以包括上述图4中所示的光发射器M1。
可选地，上述光学发射装置还包括底座、第一固定结构、第二固定结构、第一紧固件和第二紧固件，第一固定结构用于固定光学镜头中的第一透镜阵列，第二固定结构用于固定光学镜头中的目标透镜组合。其中，第一紧固件依次穿设于第一固定结构和底座，第二紧固件依次穿设于第二固定结构和底座。
关于，该实施方式的具体介绍，可以参考前述图9的相关介绍，这里不再赘述。例如，底座为图9中所示的底座901、第一固定结构为图9中所示的第一固定结构902、第二固定结构为图9中所示的第二固定结构903、第一紧固件为图9中所示的第一紧固件907，第二紧固件为图9中所示的第二紧固件908。可以理解的是，图9中包括的其它构件或者透镜，可以作为本实施方式的可选方案，而不应作为本实施方式的限定。例如，图9中包括的第三固定结构906a、第三固定结构906b、第三固定结构906c，可以作为本实施方式的可选方案。同样的，图9中包括的第一透镜阵列A1、第二透镜G2、第三透镜G3、第四透镜G4和第五透镜G5，也可以作为本实施方式的可选方案。
可选地，该光学发射装置可以为激光雷达、摄像装置(比如，安防黑光摄像头)等装置。
可选地，上文提及的各个实施例所述的光学镜头也可以应用于其他需要发射光线的光学发射装置中，本申请实施例对此不做限定。
本申请还提供了一种终端设备，该终端设备包括本申请提供的光学镜头或光学成像装置。举例来说，终端设备可以为交通运输工具，例如汽车、卡车、飞行器、无人机、慢速运输车、太空器、或者船舶等任意可能的场景使用的交通工具，还可以为测绘设备等任意可以搭载探测装置的设备。该终端设备上部署有一个或多个本申请提供的光学镜头或光学成像装置。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种光学镜头，其特征在于，包括：
    沿着光束传输的方向依次共轴设置的第一透镜阵列和目标透镜组合；所述第一透镜阵列由M行N列第一透镜组成，M和/或N为大于1的整数；所述第一透镜阵列用于分别通过M*N个入射平行光束；
    所述第一透镜具有负光焦度，用于对所述入射平行光束进行发散，得到发散光束；
    所述目标透镜组合具有正光焦度，用于将所述发散光束汇聚成出射平行光束，并调整所述出射平行光束的指向角，所述出射平行光束的光斑直径大于所述入射平行光束的光斑直径。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光学镜头，其特征在于，任意两个所述入射平行光束相互平行。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的光学镜头，其特征在于，所述第一透镜为以下的任意一项：弯月透镜、双凹透镜或者平凹透镜。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的光学镜头，其特征在于，
    所述第一透镜为弯月透镜，所述第一透镜的入射面为凹面，所述第一透镜的出射面为凸面；或者，
    所述第一透镜为弯月透镜，所述第一透镜的入射面为凸面，所述第一透镜的出射面为凹面；或者，
    所述第一透镜为双凹透镜，所述第一透镜的入射面为凹面，所述第一透镜的出射面为凹面；或者，
    所述第一透镜为平凹透镜，所述第一透镜的入射面为平面，所述第一透镜的出射面为凹面。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的光学镜头，其特征在于，所述目标透镜组合为远心光学系统。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的光学镜头，其特征在于，所述目标透镜组合包括：
    共轴设置的第二透镜、第三透镜、第四透镜和第五透镜；
    所述第二透镜和所述第五透镜具有负光焦度，所述第三透镜和所述第四透镜具有正光焦度；
    所述第二透镜为双凹透镜，所述第三透镜为弯月透镜，所述第四透镜为双凸透镜，所述第五透镜为弯月透镜。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的光学镜头，其特征在于，所述第二透镜的入射面为凹面，所述第二透镜的出射面为凹面，所述第三透镜的入射面为凹面，所述第三透镜的出射面为凸面，所述第四透镜的入射面为凸面，所述第四透镜的入射面为凸面，所述第五透镜的入射面为凸面，所述第五透镜的出射面为凹面。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的光学镜头，其特征在于，所述第二透镜的焦距是-24.591mm，所述第三透镜的焦距是67.888mm，所述第四透镜的焦距是87.232mm，所述第五透镜的焦距是-390.932mm。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的光学镜头，其特征在于，所述出射平行光束的指向角取决于所述目标透镜组合的第一焦距，和，目标入射平行光束与所述目标透镜组合的主光轴的间距；所述出射平行光束是所述目标入射平行光束经过所述光学镜头得到的光束。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的光学镜头，其特征在于，所述第一透镜的第二焦距f2与所述目标透镜组合的第一焦距f1，满足以下关系：5≤|f1/f2|≤10。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的光学镜头，其特征在于，所述光学镜头还包括第一光学元件，所述第一光学元件设置于所述第一透镜阵列和所述目标透镜组合之间；所述第一光学元件包括以下的一项或多项：偏振片、1/4波片、光学窗口片或者滤光片。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的光学镜头，其特征在于，所述第一光学元件倾斜设置于所述第一透镜阵列和所述目标透镜组合之间。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12任一项所述的光学镜头，其特征在于，所述第一透镜为非球面透镜。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的光学镜头，其特征在于，所述光学镜头用于处理5nm-1000000nm中的任意波长。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14任一项所述的光学镜头，其特征在于，所述第一透镜的焦距是-13.957mm，所述目标透镜组合的焦距是111.221mm。
  16. 一种光学发射装置，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1至15中任一项所述的光学镜头，以及激光器。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的光学发射装置，其特征在于，所述光学发射装置还包括，底座、第一固定结构、第二固定结构、第一紧固件和第二紧固件，所述第一固定结构用于固定所述光学镜头中的第一透镜阵列，所述第二固定结构用于固定所述光学镜头中的目标透镜组合；
    其中，所述第一紧固件依次穿设于所述第一固定结构和所述底座，第二紧固件依次穿设于所述第二固定结构和所述底座。
  18. 根据权利要求16或17所述的光学发射装置，其特征在于，所述光学发射装置包括以下至少一项：激光雷达或者摄像装置。
  19. 一种车端，其特征在于，所述车端包括权利要求1至15中任一项所述的光学镜头，或权利要求16至18中任一项所述的光学发射装置。
PCT/CN2025/106556 2024-07-08 2025-07-02 光学镜头及光学成像装置 Pending WO2026012256A1 (zh)

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JP2006195325A (ja) * 2005-01-17 2006-07-27 Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd ビーム整形光学装置
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060028732A1 (en) * 2004-08-06 2006-02-09 Visx, Incorporated Lenslet array for beam homogenization
JP2006195325A (ja) * 2005-01-17 2006-07-27 Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd ビーム整形光学装置
CN101620319A (zh) * 2009-08-06 2010-01-06 深圳超多维光电子有限公司 一种无莫尔纹立体显示装置
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