WO2026012020A1 - 电池单体、电池及用电设备 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池及用电设备

Info

Publication number
WO2026012020A1
WO2026012020A1 PCT/CN2025/099393 CN2025099393W WO2026012020A1 WO 2026012020 A1 WO2026012020 A1 WO 2026012020A1 CN 2025099393 W CN2025099393 W CN 2025099393W WO 2026012020 A1 WO2026012020 A1 WO 2026012020A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wall portion
battery cell
electrode
pressure relief
weak
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2025/099393
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
白璐璐
许虎
黄思应
陈龙
陈相融
郭小永
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Publication of WO2026012020A1 publication Critical patent/WO2026012020A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of batteries, and more specifically, to a battery cell, a battery, and an electrical device.
  • Batteries are widely used in the new energy field, such as in electric vehicles and new energy vehicles, which have become a new trend in the automotive industry.
  • the development of battery technology must consider multiple design factors simultaneously, such as battery life, discharge capacity, and charge/discharge rate. Additionally, battery energy density also needs to be considered. However, the energy density of current batteries is relatively low.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a battery cell, a battery, and an electrical device, which aims to improve the problem of low energy density in batteries in related technologies.
  • embodiments of this application provide a battery cell, the battery cell including a housing, an electrode assembly, and electrode terminals, the housing having a wall portion; the electrode assembly being housed within the housing, the electrode assembly including a first electrode lead and a second electrode lead, the first electrode lead and the second electrode lead having opposite polarities, the first electrode lead being electrically connected to the wall portion; the electrode terminals being insulatedly mounted on the wall portion, the electrode terminals being electrically connected to the second electrode lead.
  • the first electrode lead is electrically connected to the wall
  • the second electrode lead is electrically connected to the electrode terminal. This allows for the output or input of electrical energy to the electrode assembly through the wall and electrode terminals. On one hand, this reduces the number of electrode terminals required, lowering costs, reducing the space occupied inside the battery, and increasing energy density.
  • the information acquisition device once the information acquisition device is electrically connected to the wall, it can collect usage information from individual battery cells. This facilitates the connection of the information acquisition device to individual battery cells and data collection, reducing the difficulty of data collection from individual battery cells and further lowering manufacturing costs.
  • the first electrode lead-out portion is welded to the wall portion to form a solder mark portion;
  • the battery cell includes a pressure relief mechanism, the pressure relief mechanism is disposed on the wall portion, the pressure relief mechanism includes a weak portion, and the pressure relief mechanism is configured to be able to crack along at least a portion of the weak portion when the battery cell is depressurized; wherein, along a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the wall portion, the weak portion is disposed between the solder mark portion and the electrode terminal.
  • the pressure relief mechanism can crack along at least a portion of the weak part when the battery cell is depressurized, so as to release the internal pressure of the battery cell.
  • the weak part is set between the solder part and the electrode terminal in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the wall, so that when the weak part cracks, it can open a larger opening, which is conducive to the rapid depressurization of the battery cell.
  • the weak part is an annular structure surrounding the electrode terminal, and the minimum distance between the weak part and the solder mark is less than the minimum distance between the weak part and the electrode terminal along the direction perpendicular to the thickness of the wall.
  • the weak part is a ring structure surrounding the electrode terminal.
  • the weak part divides the pressure relief mechanism into two parts, one part located on the outside of the weak part and the other part located on the inside of the weak part.
  • the minimum distance between the weak part and the solder joint less than the minimum distance between the weak part and the electrode terminal (i.e., the weak part is located close to the solder joint)
  • the part of the pressure relief mechanism located on the inside of the weak part experiences a greater force from the gas.
  • This allows the part of the pressure relief mechanism located on the inside of the weak part to open for pressure relief, forming a larger opening for gas to escape.
  • the larger pressure relief area during battery cell depressurization facilitates rapid pressure relief for the battery cell.
  • the weak part is an annular structure surrounding the electrode terminal, and the minimum distance between the weak part and the solder mark is greater than the minimum distance between the weak part and the electrode terminal along the direction perpendicular to the thickness of the wall.
  • the weak part is a ring structure surrounding the electrode terminal.
  • the weak part divides the pressure relief mechanism into two parts, one part located on the outside of the weak part and the other part located on the inside of the weak part.
  • the minimum distance between the weak part and the solder joint greater than the minimum distance between the weak part and the electrode terminal, that is, by setting the weak part close to the electrode terminal, when the battery cell is depressurized
  • the part of the pressure relief mechanism located on the outside of the weak part is subjected to a greater force from the gas.
  • the part of the pressure relief mechanism located on the outside of the weak part can open to release pressure, making it less likely for the electrode terminal to detach from the wall and less likely to come into contact with other electrical connection components and cause a short circuit.
  • the minimum distance between the weak part and the solder mark part along the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the wall is A, which satisfies: A ⁇ 3mm.
  • the minimum distance between the weak part and the electrode terminal along the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the wall is B, which satisfies: B ⁇ 4mm.
  • the distance between the weak part and the electrode terminal is larger, which can reduce the inhibitory effect of the electrode terminal on the deformation of the weak part, thereby facilitating the timely cracking of the weak part when the battery cell is depressurized, and improving the timeliness of the battery cell depressurization.
  • both the solder mark portion and the weak portion are annular structures arranged around the electrode terminal.
  • the soldering part is a ring structure, which is arranged around the outside of the electrode terminal.
  • the first electrode lead-out part can be stably connected to the wall and has a large current-passing area.
  • the pressure relief mechanism is provided with a pressure relief groove, and the pressure relief mechanism forms the weak part in the area where the pressure relief groove is provided.
  • the weak part is formed by opening a pressure relief groove on the pressure relief mechanism, which is simple, convenient and low in cost.
  • the pressure relief groove is disposed on the surface of the pressure relief mechanism away from the interior of the outer shell.
  • the first electrode lead-out portion includes a first electrode tab and a first current collector, the first current collector being electrically connected to the first electrode tab and the wall portion, and the first current collector being welded to the wall portion to form the solder mark portion.
  • the first current collecting member and the wall portion are arranged along the thickness direction of the wall portion, the wall portion and the first current collecting member are penetrated and welded, and a portion of the weld mark protrudes from the surface of the wall portion away from the inside of the outer shell.
  • through-welding is used to connect the first current collector to the wall, which is simple, convenient, and produces high-quality welds. Furthermore, during through-welding, the welding direction is approximately perpendicular to the thickness direction of the wall, which reduces the impact on weak points, lowers the risk of premature cracking in these areas, and helps improve the lifespan of the battery cells.
  • the pressure relief mechanism is integrally formed with the wall portion.
  • the pressure relief mechanism is integrally formed with the wall, eliminating the need for additional welding or bonding processes, which helps reduce the risk of leakage from the pressure relief mechanism. Furthermore, during production, it is easier to ensure that the detonation pressure of multiple battery cells produced is relatively consistent.
  • the pressure relief mechanism is separately disposed from the wall portion, the wall portion is provided with a pressure relief hole, and the pressure relief mechanism is installed on the wall portion and covers the pressure relief hole.
  • the pressure relief mechanism and the wall part are separately set and installed on the wall part to facilitate processing and manufacturing.
  • the first electrode lead-out portion includes a first electrode tab
  • the second electrode lead-out portion includes a second electrode tab.
  • the first electrode tab and the second electrode tab are formed at the same end of the electrode assembly.
  • the housing includes a shell and an end cap.
  • the shell has a receiving space with an opening at one end, and the receiving space is used to receive the electrode assembly.
  • the end cap is connected to the shell and closes the opening.
  • the end cap is the wall portion.
  • the end cover is a wall portion
  • the first electrode lead-out portion is connected to the end cover, and the electrode terminal is set on the end cover, which is simple and convenient to manufacture.
  • the battery cell is a cylindrical battery cell.
  • embodiments of this application also provide a battery, the battery comprising the aforementioned battery cell.
  • embodiments of this application also provide an electrical device, the electrical device including the aforementioned battery cell, the battery cell being used to provide electrical energy to the electrical device.
  • Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a vehicle provided in some embodiments of this application.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of a battery provided in some embodiments of this application.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of this application.
  • Figure 4 is an exploded view of a single battery cell provided in some embodiments of this application.
  • Figure 5 is a top view of a single battery cell provided in some embodiments of this application.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view at position A-A in Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is an enlarged view of position B in Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery cell provided in some other embodiments of this application.
  • Figure 9 is a top view of a battery cell provided in some other embodiments of this application.
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view at position C-C in Figure 9;
  • Figure 11 is an enlarged view of position D in Figure 10.
  • Icons 10-Box; 11-First part; 12-Second part; 20-Battery cell; 21-Outer shell; 211-Housing shell; 212-End cap; 23-Wall; 231-Weak part; 232-Pressure relief groove; 24-Electrode terminal; 25-Electrode assembly; 251-First electrode lead-out; 2511-First tab; 2512-First current collector; 252-Second electrode lead-out; 2521-Second tab; 2522-Second current collector; 26-Lower plastic; 28-Soldering part; 29-Insulating part; 100-Battery; 200-Controller; 300-Motor; 1000-Vehicle.
  • connection should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components.
  • connection can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components.
  • the term "and/or” is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist.
  • a and/or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone.
  • the character "/" generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.
  • multiple means two or more (including two).
  • the battery cell can be a secondary battery, which refers to a battery cell that can be recharged to activate the active materials and continue to be used after the battery cell has been discharged.
  • the battery cell can be a lithium-ion battery, sodium-ion battery, sodium-lithium-ion battery, lithium metal battery, sodium metal battery, lithium-sulfur battery, magnesium-ion battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, nickel-cadmium battery, lead-acid battery, etc., and the embodiments of this application are not limited to this.
  • a single battery cell typically includes an electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator.
  • active ions such as lithium ions
  • the separator positioned between the positive and negative electrodes, helps prevent short circuits to some extent while allowing active ions to pass through.
  • the positive electrode can be a positive electrode sheet, which may include a positive current collector and a positive active material disposed on at least one surface of the positive current collector.
  • the positive current collector has two surfaces opposite each other in its own thickness direction, and the positive active material is disposed on either or both of the two opposite surfaces of the positive current collector.
  • the positive electrode current collector can be a metal foil or a composite current collector.
  • a metal foil it can be aluminum with a silver-plated surface, stainless steel with a silver-plated surface, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, nickel, carbon electrode, carbon, nickel, or titanium, etc.
  • Composite current collectors can include a polymer material base layer and a metal layer.
  • Composite current collectors can be formed by forming a metal material (aluminum, aluminum alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver and silver alloy, etc.) on a polymer material substrate (such as a substrate of polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyethylene, etc.).
  • the positive electrode active material may include at least one of the following materials: lithium phosphate, lithium transition metal oxide, and their respective modified compounds.
  • lithium phosphate include, but are not limited to, at least one of lithium iron phosphate (such as LiFePO4 (also referred to as LFP)), lithium iron phosphate and carbon composites, lithium manganese phosphate (such as LiMnPO4 ), lithium manganese phosphate and carbon composites, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium manganese iron phosphate and carbon composites.
  • lithium transition metal oxides include, but are not limited to , lithium cobalt oxides (such as LiCoO2 ), lithium nickel oxides (such as LiNiO2 ), lithium manganese oxides (such as LiMnO2 , LiMn2O4 ), lithium nickel cobalt oxides, lithium manganese cobalt oxides, lithium nickel manganese oxides, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxides (such as LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O2 (also abbreviated as NCM 333 ), LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O2 (also abbreviated as NCM 523 ), LiNi 0.5 Co 0.25 Mn 0.25 O2 (also abbreviated as NCM 211 ), LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O2 (also abbreviated as NCM 622 ), and LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O2 (also abbreviated as NCM 811) ). At least one of the following: lithium nickel cobalt aluminum
  • the positive electrode can be a foamed metal.
  • the foamed metal can be foamed nickel, foamed copper, foamed aluminum, foamed alloys, etc.
  • the surface of the foamed metal may or may not contain a positive electrode active material.
  • lithium source material, potassium metal, or sodium metal can also be filled and/or deposited within the foamed metal, where the lithium source material is lithium metal and/or a lithium-rich material.
  • the negative electrode can be a negative electrode sheet, and the negative electrode sheet can include a negative current collector.
  • the negative electrode current collector can be a metal foil, a foamed metal, or a composite current collector.
  • a metal foil it can be silver-treated aluminum or stainless steel, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, nickel, carbon electrode, nickel, or titanium, etc.
  • Foamed metal can be foamed nickel, foamed copper, foamed aluminum, foamed alloy, etc.
  • Composite current collectors can include a polymer material base layer and a metal layer.
  • Composite current collectors can be formed by forming a metal material (copper, copper alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver and silver alloy, etc.) on a polymer material substrate (such as a substrate of polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyethylene, etc.).
  • a metal material copper, copper alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver and silver alloy, etc.
  • a polymer material substrate such as a substrate of polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyethylene, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet may include a negative current collector and a negative active material disposed on at least one surface of the negative current collector.
  • the negative electrode current collector has two surfaces opposite each other in its own thickness direction, and the negative electrode active material is disposed on either or both of the two opposite surfaces of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode active material may be a negative electrode active material known in the art for use in battery cells.
  • the negative electrode active material may include at least one of the following materials: artificial graphite, natural graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, silicon-based materials, tin-based materials, and lithium titanate, etc.
  • Silicon-based materials may be selected from at least one of elemental silicon, silicon oxide compounds, silicon-carbon composites, silicon-nitrogen composites, and silicon alloys.
  • Tin-based materials may be selected from at least one of elemental tin, tin oxide compounds, and tin alloys.
  • this application is not limited to these materials, and other conventional materials that can be used as battery negative electrode active materials may also be used. These negative electrode active materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the positive current collector can be made of aluminum, and the negative current collector can be made of copper.
  • the electrode assembly further includes an isolator disposed between the positive and negative electrodes.
  • the separator is a separator membrane.
  • the separator membrane can be of various types, and any known porous separator membrane with good chemical and mechanical stability can be selected.
  • the material of the separator may include at least one of glass fiber, nonwoven fabric, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyvinylidene fluoride.
  • the separator may be a single-layer film or a multi-layer composite film. When the separator is a multi-layer composite film, the materials of each layer may be the same or different.
  • the separator may be a separate component located between the positive and negative electrodes, or it may be attached to the surfaces of the positive and negative electrodes.
  • the separator is a solid electrolyte.
  • the solid electrolyte is disposed between the positive and negative electrodes, serving both to transport ions and to isolate the positive and negative electrodes.
  • the battery cell also includes an electrolyte, which acts as a conductor of ions between the positive and negative electrodes.
  • the electrolyte can be liquid, gel-like, or solid. Liquid electrolytes include electrolyte salts and solvents.
  • the electrolyte salt may include at least one of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium difluorooxalate borate, lithium dioxalate borate, lithium difluorodioxalate phosphate, and lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate.
  • the solvent may include at least one selected from ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, butyl carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, methyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, 1,4-butyrolactone, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfone, methyl ethyl sulfone, and diethyl sulfone.
  • the solvent may also be an ether solvent.
  • Ether solvents may include one or more selected from ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, methyl tetrahydrofuran, diphenyl ether, and crown ethers.
  • the gel electrolyte includes a polymer as the electrolyte backbone network, combined with an ionic liquid - lithium salt.
  • Solid electrolytes include polymer solid electrolytes, inorganic solid electrolytes, and composite solid electrolytes.
  • polymer solid electrolytes can be polyether (polyoxyethylene), polysiloxane, polycarbonate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethyl methacrylate, monoionic polymers, polyionic liquids-lithium salts, cellulose, etc.
  • inorganic solid electrolytes may include one or more of the following: oxide solid electrolytes (crystalline perovskite, sodium superconducting ion conductor, garnet, amorphous LiPON thin film), sulfide solid electrolytes (crystalline lithium superconducting ion conductor (lithium germanium phosphate sulfide, silver sulfide germanium ore), amorphous sulfides), halide solid electrolytes, nitride solid electrolytes, and hydride solid electrolytes.
  • oxide solid electrolytes crystalline perovskite, sodium superconducting ion conductor, garnet, amorphous LiPON thin film
  • sulfide solid electrolytes crystalline lithium superconducting ion conductor (lithium germanium phosphate sulfide, silver sulfide germanium ore), amorphous sulfides)
  • halide solid electrolytes nitride solid electrolytes, and hydr
  • composite solid electrolytes are formed by adding inorganic solid electrolyte fillers to polymer solid electrolytes.
  • the electrode assembly is a wound structure.
  • the positive electrode and the negative electrode are wound into a wound structure.
  • the electrode assembly is a stacked structure.
  • multiple positive and negative electrode plates can be set, and multiple positive and multiple negative electrode plates can be stacked alternately.
  • multiple positive electrode sheets can be set, and negative electrode sheets are folded to form multiple stacked folded segments, with a positive electrode sheet sandwiched between adjacent folded segments.
  • both the positive and negative electrode sheets are folded to form multiple stacked folded segments.
  • multiple separators can be provided, each positioned between any adjacent positive or negative electrode plates.
  • the separator can be continuously arranged between any adjacent positive or negative electrode plates by folding or rolling.
  • the electrode assembly can be cylindrical, flat, or polygonal, etc.
  • the electrode assembly has tabs that allow current to be drawn from the electrode assembly.
  • the tabs include a positive tab and a negative tab.
  • the battery cell may include a housing.
  • the housing is used to encapsulate components such as electrode assemblies and electrolytes.
  • the housing may be made of steel, aluminum, plastic (such as polypropylene), composite metal (such as copper-aluminum composite), or aluminum-plastic film, etc.
  • the housing can be a sealed structure or a non-sealed structure.
  • the housing when the housing is a sealed structure, it can protect the electrode assembly and prevent, to some extent, electrolyte leakage.
  • a sealing bag may be included between the housing and the electrode assembly to encapsulate the electrode assembly and electrolyte.
  • the sealing bag can be a bag-shaped insulating component or an aluminum-plastic film.
  • a battery cell can be a cylindrical battery cell, a prismatic battery cell, a pouch battery cell, or a battery cell of other shapes.
  • Prismatic battery cells include, but are not limited to, square battery cells, blade-shaped battery cells, and multi-prismatic batteries, such as hexagonal prismatic batteries.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module comprising one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery can be a battery module, and when there are multiple battery cells, the multiple battery cells are arranged and fixed to form a battery module.
  • the battery can be a battery pack, which includes a housing and individual battery cells, with the individual battery cells or battery modules housed within the housing.
  • the housing may be part of the vehicle's chassis structure.
  • a portion of the housing may be at least a part of the vehicle's floor, or a portion of the housing may be at least a part of the vehicle's crossbeams and longitudinal beams.
  • the battery can be an energy storage device.
  • Energy storage devices include energy storage containers, energy storage cabinets, etc.
  • Batteries are not only used in energy storage systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power, and solar power plants, but also extensively in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, and electric cars, as well as in military equipment and aerospace. With the continuous expansion of battery applications, market demand is also constantly increasing.
  • a single battery cell includes a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal.
  • the positive electrode terminal is electrically connected to a positive tab
  • the negative electrode terminal is electrically connected to a negative tab, to output electrical energy to or input electrical energy to the electrode assembly.
  • Multiple electrode terminals occupy a significant amount of internal space in the battery, leading to a reduction in the battery's energy density.
  • this application provides a battery cell including a casing, an electrode assembly, and electrode terminals.
  • the casing has a wall portion, and the electrode assembly is housed within the casing.
  • the electrode assembly includes a first electrode lead and a second electrode lead, with opposite polarities.
  • the first electrode lead is electrically connected to the wall portion, and the electrode terminals are insulated and mounted on the wall portion, and are electrically connected to the second electrode lead.
  • the first electrode lead is electrically connected to the wall, and the second electrode lead is electrically connected to the electrode terminal.
  • This allows for the output or input of electrical energy to the electrode assembly via the wall and electrode terminals. On one hand, this reduces the number of electrode terminals required, lowering costs, reducing the space occupied within the battery, and increasing energy density.
  • the information acquisition device once the information acquisition device is electrically connected to the wall, it can collect usage information from individual battery cells. This facilitates the connection of the information acquisition device to individual battery cells and data collection, reducing the difficulty of data collection from individual battery cells and further lowering manufacturing costs.
  • Electrical equipment can include vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys, and power tools, etc.
  • Spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, etc.
  • electric toys include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • power tools include metal cutting power tools, grinding power tools, assembly power tools, and railway power tools, including but not limited to electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, and electric planers, etc.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided in some embodiments of this application.
  • the vehicle 1000 can be a gasoline-powered vehicle, a natural gas-powered vehicle, or a new energy vehicle. New energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, or range-extended electric vehicles, etc.
  • a battery 100 is disposed inside the vehicle 1000, and the battery 100 can be located at the bottom, front, or rear of the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery 100 can be used to power the vehicle 1000; for example, the battery 100 can serve as the operating power source for the vehicle 1000.
  • the vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300.
  • the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300, for example, to meet the power needs of the vehicle 1000 during startup, navigation, and driving.
  • the battery 100 can not only serve as the operating power source for the vehicle 1000, but also as the driving power source for the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery 100 includes a housing 10 and a battery cell 20, with the battery cell 20 housed within the housing 10.
  • the housing 10 provides a space for the battery cell 20 and can have various structures.
  • the housing 10 may include a first portion 11 and a second portion 12, which overlap each other, jointly defining a space for accommodating the battery cell 20.
  • the second portion 12 may be a hollow structure with one open end, and the first portion 11 may be a plate-like structure, covering the open side of the second portion 12 so that the first portion 11 and the second portion 12 jointly define the space.
  • first portion 11 and the second portion 12 may both be hollow structures with one open side, with the open side of the first portion 11 covering the open side of the second portion 12.
  • the housing 10 formed by the first portion 11 and the second portion 12 can have various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, etc.
  • battery 100 there can be multiple battery cells 20, which can be connected in series, parallel, or in a mixed manner.
  • a mixed connection means that multiple battery cells 20 are connected in both series and parallel configurations. Multiple battery cells 20 can be directly connected in series, parallel, or in a mixed manner, and then the entire assembly of the multiple battery cells 20 is housed within the housing 10.
  • battery 100 can also be composed of multiple battery cells 20 first connected in series, parallel, or in a mixed manner to form a battery module, and then multiple battery modules are connected in series, parallel, or in a mixed manner to form a whole, which is also housed within the housing 10.
  • Battery 100 may also include other structures; for example, it may include a busbar component for electrical connection between the multiple battery cells 20.
  • Each battery cell 20 can be a secondary battery cell or a primary battery cell; it can also be a lithium-sulfur battery cell, a sodium-ion battery cell, or a magnesium-ion battery cell, but is not limited to these.
  • the battery cell 20 can be cylindrical, flat, cuboid, or other shapes.
  • Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a battery cell 20 provided in some embodiments of this application.
  • Figure 4 is an exploded view of a battery cell 20 provided in some embodiments of this application.
  • Figure 5 is a top view of a battery cell 20 provided in some embodiments of this application.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view along line A-A in Figure 5.
  • Figure 7 is an enlarged view of position B in Figure 6.
  • This application provides a battery cell 20, which includes a housing 21, an electrode assembly 25, and electrode terminals 24.
  • the housing 21 has a wall portion 23, and the electrode assembly 25 is housed within the housing 21.
  • the electrode assembly 25 includes a first electrode lead-out portion 251 and a second electrode lead-out portion 252, with opposite polarities.
  • the first electrode lead-out portion 251 is electrically connected to the wall portion 23, and the electrode terminals 24 are insulatedly mounted on the wall portion 23 and electrically connected to the second electrode lead-out portion 252.
  • Battery cell 20 refers to the smallest unit that makes up battery 100.
  • the housing 21 includes a housing 211 and an end cap 212.
  • the housing 211 has a receiving space with an opening at one end for accommodating the electrode assembly 25.
  • the end cap 212 is connected to the housing 211 and closes the opening.
  • End cap 212 refers to a component that covers the opening of housing 211 to isolate the internal environment of battery cell 20 from the external environment.
  • the shape of end cap 212 can be adapted to the shape of housing 211 to fit it.
  • end cap 212 can be made of a material with certain hardness and strength (such as aluminum alloy), so that end cap 212 is not easily deformed under pressure and impact, giving battery cell 20 higher structural strength and improved reliability.
  • the material of end cap 212 can also include, but is not limited to, copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc.
  • Battery cell 20 also includes lower plastic 26, which is disposed inside end cap 212. Lower plastic 26 can be used to isolate electrical connection components inside housing 211 from end cap 212 to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • lower plastic 26 can be plastic, rubber, etc.
  • the housing 211 is a component used to cooperate with the end cap 212 to form the internal environment of the battery cell 20. This internal environment can accommodate the electrode assembly 25, electrolyte, and other components.
  • the housing 211 and the end cap 212 can be independent components. An opening can be provided on the housing 211, and the end cap 212 can be used to close the opening to form the internal environment of the battery cell 20.
  • the end cap 212 and the housing 211 can be integrated. Specifically, the end cap 212 and the housing 211 can form a common mating surface before other components are inserted into the housing. When it is necessary to encapsulate the interior of the housing 211, the end cap 212 closes the housing 211.
  • the housing 211 can have various shapes and sizes, such as cuboid, cylindrical, hexagonal prism, etc. Specifically, the shape of the housing 211 can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the electrode assembly 25.
  • the material of the housing 211 can include, but is not limited to, copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc.
  • the wall portion 23 can be an end cap 212 of the outer casing 21, or it can be a wall of the housing 211 of the outer casing 21. In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the wall portion 23 is an end cap 212. In other embodiments, the wall portion 23 can be a bottom wall of the housing 211 opposite to the end cap 212. In still other embodiments, the wall portion 23 can also be a side wall of the housing 211 adjacent to and connected to the end cap 212.
  • Electrode assembly 25 is the component in the battery cell 20 where electrochemical reactions occur.
  • the casing 21 may contain one or more electrode assemblies 25.
  • the electrode assembly 25 is mainly formed by winding or stacking positive and negative electrode sheets, and typically a separator is provided between the positive and negative electrode sheets.
  • the portions of the positive and negative electrode sheets containing active material constitute the main body of the electrode assembly 25, while the portions of the positive and negative electrode sheets without active material each constitute a tab.
  • the positive and negative tabs may be located together at one end of the main body or separately at both ends. During the charging and discharging process of the battery 100, the positive and negative active materials react with the electrolyte.
  • the first electrode lead-out portion 251 is a structure used to draw electrical energy from the main body or introduce electrical energy into the main body.
  • the first electrode lead-out portion 251 includes a first tab 2511, which is either a positive or negative tab as described above.
  • the first tab 2511 can be directly connected to the wall portion 23.
  • the first electrode lead-out portion 251 may also include other electrical connection components connected to the first tab 2511.
  • the first electrode lead-out portion 251 may also include a first current collector 2512, which connects the first tab 2511 and the wall portion 23 to guide the electrical energy of the electrode assembly 25 to the wall portion 23 or receive electrical energy introduced from the wall portion 23.
  • the first tab 2511 can be either a positive or a negative tab.
  • the wall portion 23 serves as the positive electrode of the battery cell 20.
  • the wall portion 23 serves as the negative electrode of the battery cell 20.
  • the first electrode lead-out portion 251 can be used to determine which wall of the outer casing 21 is wall portion 23. For example, when the first electrode lead-out portion 251 is connected to the end cap 212, then the end cap 212 is wall portion 23. When the first electrode lead-out portion 251 is connected to the bottom wall of the casing 211, then the bottom wall is wall portion 23. When the first electrode lead-out portion 251 is connected to the side wall of the casing 211, then the side wall is wall portion 23.
  • Electrode terminal 24 is used for electrical connection with the tab of electrode assembly 25 to input or output electrical energy of battery cell 20. Electrode terminal 24 and tab can be directly connected, for example, by direct soldering. Electrode terminal 24 and tab can also be indirectly connected, for example, by indirect connection through current collector.
  • the electrode terminal 24 is insulated from the wall portion 23, meaning that the electrode terminal 24 is insulated from the wall portion 23.
  • the battery cell 20 includes an insulating member 29 disposed between the electrode terminal 24 and the wall portion 23 to insulate the electrode terminal 24 from the wall portion 23.
  • the second electrode lead-out portion 252 is a structure used to lead out electrical energy from the electrode assembly 25 or to introduce electrical energy into the electrode assembly 25.
  • the second electrode lead-out portion 252 includes a second tab 2521, which can be either a negative or positive tab as described above, and can be directly connected to the electrode terminal 24.
  • the second electrode lead-out portion 252 may also include other electrical connection components connected to the second tab 2521.
  • the second electrode lead-out portion 252 may also include a second current collector 2522, which connects the second tab 2521 and the electrode terminal 24 to guide electrical energy from the electrode assembly 25 to the electrode terminal 24 or receive electrical energy introduced from the electrode terminal 24.
  • the first electrode lead 251 and the second electrode lead 252 have opposite polarities.
  • the second electrode lead 252 is a negative electrode lead.
  • the second electrode lead 252 is a positive electrode lead.
  • the first electrode tab 2511 and the second electrode tab 2521 have opposite polarities.
  • the first electrode tab 2511 is a positive electrode tab
  • the second electrode tab 2521 is a negative electrode tab.
  • the second electrode tab 2521 is a positive electrode tab.
  • the first electrode lead-out portion 251 is electrically connected to the wall portion 23, and the second electrode lead-out portion 252 is electrically connected to the electrode terminal 24.
  • This allows for the output or input of electrical energy to the electrode assembly 25 via the wall portion 23 and the electrode terminal 24. On one hand, this reduces the number of electrode terminals 24 required, lowering costs, reducing the space occupied within the battery 100, and increasing energy density.
  • the information acquisition device once the information acquisition device is electrically connected to the wall portion 23, it can collect usage information from the battery cell 20. This facilitates the connection of the information acquisition device to the battery cell 20 and data acquisition, reducing the difficulty of data acquisition from the battery cell 20 and further lowering manufacturing costs.
  • the first electrode lead-out portion 251 is welded to the wall portion 23 to form a solder mark portion 28.
  • the battery cell 20 includes a pressure relief mechanism disposed on the wall portion 23.
  • the pressure relief mechanism includes a weak portion 231, configured to split along at least a portion of the weak portion 231 when the battery cell 20 is depressurized.
  • the weak portion 231 is disposed between the solder mark portion 28 and the electrode terminal 24 in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the wall portion 23.
  • the solder mark 28 is the solder mark 28 left after welding the first electrode lead-out portion 251 and the wall portion 23.
  • the welding method is not limited, for example, gas welding, electric welding, laser welding, etc.
  • the pressure relief mechanism is a component used to open when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches the explosion pressure, thereby releasing the internal pressure of the battery cell 20.
  • the pressure relief mechanism is disposed on the wall portion 23.
  • the pressure relief mechanism can be a component mounted on the wall portion 23, in which case the pressure relief mechanism and the wall portion 23 are separately disposed but connected.
  • the pressure relief mechanism is an explosion-proof plate mounted on the wall portion 23.
  • the pressure relief mechanism can also be part of the wall portion 23, in which case the pressure relief mechanism and the wall portion 23 are integrally formed.
  • the weak portion 231 serves a pressure relief function, allowing the pressure relief mechanism to crack along the weak portion 231 when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a predetermined value, thereby releasing the internal pressure of the battery cell 20.
  • the strength of the pressure relief mechanism at the weak portion 231 may be lower than the strength at other locations of the pressure relief mechanism, so that the weak portion 231 can crack under the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches the predetermined value, thereby releasing the internal pressure of the battery cell 20.
  • the melting point of the pressure relief mechanism at the weak portion 231 may be lower than the melting point at other locations of the pressure relief mechanism.
  • a weak point 231 is disposed between the solder portion 28 and the electrode terminal 24 in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the wall portion 23.
  • the thickness direction of the wall portion 23 is the X direction shown in the figures.
  • the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the wall portion 23 is the Y direction shown in the figures.
  • the battery cell 20 is a cylindrical battery cell, and the wall portion 23 is an end cap 212.
  • the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the wall portion 23 is the radial direction of the end cap 212.
  • the mechanism can crack along at least a portion of the weak section 231 when the battery cell 20 is depressurized, thereby releasing the internal pressure of the battery cell 20.
  • the weak section 231 is positioned between the solder portion 28 and the electrode terminal 24 in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the wall portion 23, so that when the weak section 231 cracks, it can open a larger opening, which is beneficial for the rapid depressurization of the battery cell 20.
  • the weak portion 231 is an annular structure surrounding the electrode terminal 24. Along a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the wall portion 23, the minimum distance between the weak portion 231 and the solder mark portion 28 is less than the minimum distance between the weak portion 231 and the electrode terminal 24.
  • the weak portion 231 has a ring-shaped structure and is a closed shape extending along a closed trajectory.
  • the weak portion 231 can be a circular, elliptical, square, hexagonal, or other closed shape.
  • the electrode terminal 24 is disposed on the inner side of the weak portion 231.
  • the weak portion 231 is disposed between the solder joint 28 and the electrode terminal 24 along the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the wall portion 23, and the weak portion 231 is disposed close to the solder joint 28.
  • the weak portion 231 is an annular structure surrounding the electrode terminal 24.
  • the weak portion 231 divides the pressure relief mechanism into two parts, one part located on the outside of the weak portion 231 and the other part located on the inside of the weak portion 231.
  • the minimum distance between the weak portion 231 and the solder mark portion 28 smaller than the minimum distance between the weak portion 231 and the electrode terminal 24, that is, by setting the weak portion 231 close to the solder mark portion 28, when the battery cell 20 is depressurized, the part of the pressure relief mechanism located on the inside of the weak portion 231 is subjected to a greater force from the gas.
  • the part of the pressure relief mechanism located on the inside of the weak portion 231 can open to relieve pressure, forming a larger opening for gas to escape.
  • the pressure relief area of the battery cell 20 is larger when it is depressurized, which is beneficial for the rapid depressurization of the battery cell 20.
  • Figure 8 is a structural schematic diagram of the battery cell 20 provided in some embodiments of this application.
  • Figure 9 is a top view of the battery cell 20 provided in some embodiments of this application.
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view along line C-C in Figure 9.
  • Figure 11 is an enlarged view of position D in Figure 10.
  • the weak portion 231 is an annular structure surrounding the electrode terminal 24. Along the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the wall portion 23, the minimum distance between the weak portion 231 and the solder mark portion 28 is greater than the minimum distance between the weak portion 231 and the electrode terminal 24.
  • the weak portion 231 is disposed between the solder joint 28 and the electrode terminal 24 along the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the wall portion 23, and the weak portion 231 is disposed close to the electrode terminal 24.
  • the weak portion 231 is an annular structure surrounding the electrode terminal 24.
  • the weak portion 231 divides the pressure relief mechanism into two parts, one part located on the outside of the weak portion 231 and the other part located on the inside of the weak portion 231.
  • the part of the pressure relief mechanism located on the outside of the weak portion 231 is subjected to a greater force from the gas, and the part of the pressure relief mechanism located on the outside of the weak portion 231 can open to release pressure, making it less likely for the electrode terminal 24 to detach from the wall portion 23 and less likely to come into contact with other electrical connection components and cause a short circuit.
  • the minimum distance between the weak portion 231 and the solder mark portion 28 along the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the wall portion 23 is A, which satisfies: A ⁇ 3mm.
  • the minimum distance between the weak portion 231 and the solder mark 28 in the direction perpendicular to the thickness of the wall portion 23 is greater than or equal to 3 mm, it is beneficial to reduce the impact of high heat on the weak portion 231 when welding the first electrode lead-out portion 251 and the wall portion 23, thereby reducing the risk of premature cracking of the weak portion 231 and improving the lifespan of the battery cell 20.
  • the minimum distance between the weak portion 231 and the electrode terminal 24 is B, which satisfies: B ⁇ 4mm.
  • the distance between the weak part 231 and the electrode terminal 24 in the direction perpendicular to the thickness of the wall 23 is larger, which can reduce the inhibitory effect of the electrode terminal 24 on the deformation of the weak part 231, thereby facilitating the timely cracking of the weak part 231 when the battery cell 20 is depressurized, and improving the timeliness of depressurization of the battery cell 20.
  • solder mark 28 and the weak point 231 are both annular structures surrounding the electrode terminal 24.
  • the solder mark portion 28 has a ring structure and is a closed shape extending along a closed trajectory.
  • the solder mark portion 28 can be a circular, elliptical, square, hexagonal, or other closed shape.
  • the electrode terminal 24 is disposed on the inner side of the solder mark portion 28.
  • the solder mark 28 has a ring-shaped structure and is arranged around the outside of the electrode terminal 24. In this way, the first electrode lead-out portion 251 can be stably connected to the wall portion 23 and has a large current-passing area.
  • the depressurization mechanism can split along the weak portion 231, thereby opening a larger opening to facilitate rapid depressurization of the battery cell 20.
  • the pressure relief mechanism is provided with a pressure relief groove 232, and the pressure relief mechanism forms a weak part 231 in the area where the pressure relief groove 232 is provided.
  • the pressure relief mechanism has a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other in the thickness direction of the wall portion 23.
  • the first surface is provided with a pressure relief groove 232, that is, the pressure relief groove 232 is recessed from the first surface toward the second surface.
  • the weak portion 231 is the part of the pressure relief mechanism located between the bottom surface of the pressure relief groove 232 furthest from the first surface and the second surface.
  • the pressure relief groove 232 can be formed in various ways, such as stamping or cold heading. Taking the stamping method as an example, the pressure relief groove 232 can be stamped on the pressure relief mechanism along the direction from the first surface to the second surface.
  • the groove wall of the pressure relief groove 232 undergoes work hardening (the grain arrangement changes, leading to lattice distortion, reducing the metal's plasticity, and increasing the material's hardness), thus enhancing its resistance to external impacts and making it less susceptible to damage from external impacts. This helps reduce the risk of leakage from the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the weak part 231 is formed by opening a pressure relief groove 232 on the pressure relief mechanism, which is simple, convenient and low cost.
  • the pressure relief groove 232 is disposed on the surface of the pressure relief mechanism away from the interior of the housing 21.
  • the first surface is the surface of the pressure relief mechanism that faces away from the inside of the outer casing 21
  • the second surface is the surface of the pressure relief mechanism that faces the inside of the outer casing 21.
  • the first surface is the surface of the pressure relief mechanism that faces away from the interior of the housing 21, i.e., the outer surface of the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the second surface is the surface of the pressure relief mechanism that faces the interior of the housing 21, i.e., the inner surface of the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the pressure relief groove 232 is provided on the outer surface of the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the first electrode lead-out portion 251 includes a first electrode tab 2511 and a first current collector 2512.
  • the first current collector 2512 is electrically connected to the first electrode tab 2511 and the wall portion 23.
  • the first current collector 2512 is welded to the wall portion 23 to form a solder mark portion 28.
  • the first electrode lead-out portion 251 includes the first current collector 2512
  • the first current collector 2512 is electrically connected to the first electrode tab 2511 and the wall portion 23, and the solder mark portion 28 is the solder mark portion 28 left after the first current collector 2512 and the wall portion 23 are soldered.
  • the first current collector 2512 By setting the first current collector 2512, it is easier to realize the electrical connection between the first electrode tab 2511 and the wall portion 23, and the connection difficulty between the electrode assembly 25 and the wall portion 23 is reduced.
  • the first current collector 2512 and the wall portion 23 are arranged along the thickness direction of the wall portion 23.
  • the wall portion 23 and the first current collector 2512 are welded together, and a portion of the solder mark 28 protrudes from the surface of the wall portion 23 away from the interior of the outer casing 21.
  • the wall portion 23 and the first current collector 2512 can be welded along the direction from the wall portion 23 to the first current collector 2512, so that the weld mark portion 28 can be directly observed on the outer surface of the wall portion 23.
  • the connection between the first current collector 2512 and the wall portion 23 is achieved by through welding, which is simple, convenient, and produces high-quality welds. Furthermore, during through welding, the welding direction is approximately perpendicular to the thickness direction of the wall portion 23, which reduces the impact on the weak portion 231, lowers the risk of premature cracking of the weak portion 231, and helps to improve the lifespan of the battery cell 20.
  • the pressure relief mechanism is integrally formed with the wall portion 23.
  • the pressure relief mechanism can be formed on the wall portion 23 by means of stamping or cold forging.
  • the pressure relief mechanism is integrally formed with the wall 23, eliminating the need for additional welding or bonding processes, which helps reduce the risk of leakage from the pressure relief mechanism. Furthermore, during production, it is easier to ensure that the detonation pressure of multiple battery cells 20 produced is more consistent.
  • the pressure relief mechanism is separately disposed from the wall portion 23, the wall portion 23 is provided with a pressure relief hole, and the pressure relief mechanism is installed on the wall portion 23 and covers the pressure relief hole.
  • the phrase "the pressure relief mechanism and wall portion 23 are separately configured, the wall portion 23 is provided with a pressure relief hole, and the pressure relief mechanism is installed on the wall portion 23 and covers the pressure relief hole” means that during manufacturing, a pressure relief hole is provided on the wall portion 23, and the pressure relief mechanism and wall portion 23 are provided separately and ultimately connected together.
  • the pressure relief mechanism can be welded to the wall portion 23.
  • the pressure relief mechanism can be an explosion-proof plate installed on the wall portion 23.
  • the pressure relief mechanism is separately set and installed on the wall portion 23 to facilitate manufacturing.
  • the first electrode lead-out portion 251 includes a first tab 2511
  • the second electrode lead-out portion 252 includes a second tab 2521.
  • the first tab 2511 and the second tab 2521 are formed at the same end of the electrode assembly 25.
  • both the first tab 2511 and the second tab 2521 are formed on the upper end of the electrode assembly 25.
  • first tab 2511 and the second tab 2521 are formed at the same end of the electrode assembly 25, it is simpler and more convenient to electrically connect the first tab 2511 to the wall portion 23 and the second tab 2521 to the electrode terminal 24, which helps to reduce manufacturing costs.
  • the housing 21 includes a housing 211 and an end cap 212.
  • the housing 211 has a receiving space with an opening at one end for accommodating the electrode assembly 25.
  • the end cap 212 is connected to the housing 211 and closes the opening.
  • the end cap 212 is a wall portion 23.
  • the end cap 212 is a wall portion 23
  • the first electrode lead-out portion 251 is connected to the end cap 212, and the electrode terminal 24 is disposed on the end cap 212, making manufacturing simple and convenient.
  • the battery cell 20 is a cylindrical battery cell.
  • This application embodiment also provides a battery 100, which includes the battery cell 20 described above.
  • This application embodiment also provides an electrical device, which includes the aforementioned battery cell 20, and the battery cell 20 is used to provide electrical energy to the electrical device.
  • This application provides a battery cell 20, which includes a housing 21, an electrode assembly 25, and electrode terminals 24.
  • the housing 21 has a wall 23, and the electrode assembly 25 is housed within the housing 21.
  • the electrode assembly 25 includes a first electrode lead-out portion 251 and a second electrode lead-out portion 252, with opposite polarities.
  • the first electrode lead-out portion 251 is electrically connected to the wall 23, and the electrode terminals 24 are insulated and mounted on the wall 23, and electrically connected to the second electrode lead-out portion 252.
  • the electrical connection between the first electrode lead-out portion 251 and the wall 23, and the electrical connection between the second electrode lead-out portion 252 and the electrode terminals 24, allows for the output or input of electrical energy to the electrode assembly 25 via the wall 23 and the electrode terminals 24.
  • the information acquisition device can collect the usage information of the battery cell 20, which facilitates the connection of the information acquisition device to the battery cell 20 and the collection of data. This helps to reduce the difficulty of data collection by the battery cell 20 and further reduce the cost of production and manufacturing.
  • the first electrode lead-out portion 251 is welded to the wall portion 23 to form a solder mark portion 28.
  • the battery cell 20 includes a pressure relief mechanism disposed on the wall portion 23.
  • the pressure relief mechanism includes a weak portion 231, configured to split along at least a portion of the weak portion 231 when the battery cell 20 is depressurized.
  • the weak portion 231 is disposed between the solder mark portion 28 and the electrode terminal 24 in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the wall portion 23. By providing the pressure relief mechanism, it can split along at least a portion of the weak portion 231 when the battery cell 20 is depressurized, thereby releasing the internal pressure of the battery cell 20.
  • the weak portion 231 is disposed between the solder mark portion 28 and the electrode terminal 24 in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the wall portion 23, allowing for a larger opening when the weak portion 231 splits, which facilitates rapid pressure relief of the battery cell 20.
  • the weak portion 231 is an annular structure surrounding the electrode terminal 24.
  • the minimum distance between the weak portion 231 and the solder mark 28 is less than the minimum distance between the weak portion 231 and the electrode terminal 24.
  • the weak portion 231 is an annular structure surrounding the electrode terminal 24.
  • the minimum distance between the weak portion 231 and the solder mark 28 is greater than the minimum distance between the weak portion 231 and the electrode terminal 24.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

提供一种电池单体、电池及用电设备。电池单体包括外壳、电极组件、电极端子和泄压机构，外壳具有壁部，电极组件容纳于外壳内。电极组件包括第一电极引出部和第二电极引出部，第一电极引出部和第二电极引出部的极性相反，第一电极引出部与壁部焊接形成焊印部。电极端子绝缘安装于壁部，电极端子与第二电极引出部电连接。泄压机构设置于壁部，泄压机构包括薄弱部，薄弱部被配置为在电池单体泄压时至少一部分裂开。沿垂直于壁部的厚度方向的方向，薄弱部位于焊印部和电极端子之间。第一电极引出部与壁部电连接，第二电极引出部与电极端子电连接，壁部和电极端子能输出电极组件的电能减少电极端子的个数，降低对电池内部空间的占用，提升能量密度。

Description

电池单体、电池及用电设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有2024年07月11日提交的名称为“电池单体、电池及用电设备”的中国专利申请(申请号：2024109311480)的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池领域，具体而言，涉及一种电池单体、电池及用电设备。
背景技术
电池在新能源领域应用甚广，例如电动汽车、新能源汽车等，新能源汽车、电动汽车已经成为汽车产业的发展新趋势。电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，电池寿命、放电容量、充放电倍率等性能参数。另外，还需要考虑电池的能量密度。然而，目前的电池的能量密度较低。
发明内容
本申请实施例的目的在于提供一种电池单体、电池及用电设备，其旨在改善相关技术中电池的能量密度较低的问题。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体，所述电池单体包括外壳、电极组件和电极端子，所述外壳具有壁部；所述电极组件容纳于所述外壳内，所述电极组件包括第一电极引出部和第二电极引出部，所述第一电极引出部和所述第二电极引出部的极性相反，所述第一电极引出部与所述壁部电连接；所述电极端子绝缘安装于所述壁部，所述电极端子与所述第二电极引出部电连接。
在上述技术方案中，第一电极引出部与壁部电连接，第二电极引出部与电极端子电连接，能够通过壁部和电极端子来输出电极组件的电能或者向电极组件输入电能，一方面，可以减少设置电极端子设置的个数，降低成本，降低对电池内部空间的占用，提升能量密度。另一方面，信息采集设备与壁部电连接后便能够采集电池单体的使用信息，从而便于信息采集设备连接电池单体和进行数据采集，有利于降低电池单体进行数据采集的难度，进一步降低生产制造的成本。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述第一电极引出部与所述壁部焊接连接形成焊印部；所述电池单体包括泄压机构，所述泄压机构设置于所述壁部，所述泄压机构包括薄弱部，所述泄压机构被配置为在所述电池单体泄压时能够沿所述薄弱部的至少一部分裂开；其中，沿垂直于所述壁部的厚度方向的方向，所述薄弱部设置于所述焊印部和所述电极端子之间。
在上述技术方案中，通过设置泄压机构，泄压机构能够在电池单体泄压时沿着薄弱部的至少一部分裂开，以便泄放电池单体内部的压力。沿垂直于壁部的厚度方向的方向，将薄弱部设置于焊印部和电极端子之间，使得薄弱部裂开时能够打开较大的开口，有利于电池单体快速泄压。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述薄弱部为环绕所述电极端子设置的环形结构，沿所述垂直于所述壁部的厚度方向的方向，所述薄弱部与所述焊印部的最小距离小于所述薄弱部与所述电极端子的最小距离。
在上述技术方案中，薄弱部为环绕电极端子设置的环形结构，薄弱部将泄压机构划分为两部分，一部分位于薄弱部的外侧，一部分位于薄弱部的内侧。沿垂直于壁部的厚度方向的方向，通过使薄弱部与焊印部的最小距离小于薄弱部与电极端子的最小距离，也即薄弱部靠近于焊印部设置，这样，电池单体泄压时，泄压机构位于薄弱部内侧的部分受到气体的作用力较大，泄压机构位于薄弱部内侧的部分能够打开泄压，形成较大的供气体排出的开口，电池单体泄压时的泄压面积较大，有利于电池单体快速泄压。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述薄弱部为环绕所述电极端子设置的环形结构，沿所述垂直于所述壁部的厚度方向的方向，所述薄弱部与所述焊印部的最小距离大于所述薄弱部与所述电极端子的最小距离。
在上述技术方案中，薄弱部为环绕电极端子设置的环形结构，薄弱部将泄压机构划分为两部分，一部分位于薄弱部的外侧，一部分位于薄弱部的内侧。沿垂直于壁部的厚度方向的方向，通过使薄弱部与焊印部的最小距离大于薄弱部与电极端子的最小距离，也即薄弱部靠近于电极端子设置，这样，电池单体泄压时，泄压机构位于薄弱部外侧的部分受到气体的作用力较大，泄压机构位于薄弱部外侧的部分能够打开泄压，使得电极端子不易脱离壁部，不易与其他电连接部件接触而发生短路。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，沿所述垂直于所述壁部的厚度方向的方向，所述薄弱部与所述焊印部之间的最小距离为A，满足：A≥3mm。
在上述技术方案中，通过使薄弱部沿垂直于壁部的厚度方向的方向与焊印部之间的最小距离大于或等于3mm，有利于降低焊接第一电极引出部和壁部时高热量对于薄弱部的影响，降低薄弱部提前裂开的风险，有利于提升电池单体的寿命。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，沿所述垂直于所述壁部的厚度方向的方向，所述薄弱部与所述电极端子之间的最小距离为B，满足：B≥4mm。
在上述技术方案中，通过使薄弱部沿垂直于壁部的厚度方向的方向与电极端子之间的最小距离大于或等于4mm，使得薄弱部与电极单子之间的距离较大，能够降低电极端子对于薄弱部形变的抑制效果，从而便于电池单体泄压时薄弱部能够及时裂开，提升电池单体的泄压及时性。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述焊印部和所述薄弱部均为环绕所述电极端子设置的环形结构。
在上述技术方案中，焊印部为环形结构，焊印部环绕设置于电极端子的外侧，这样，第一电极引出部能够较为稳定地连接于壁部，并且具有较大的过流面积。通过将薄弱部设置为环形结构，在电池单体泄压时，泄压机构能够沿着薄弱部裂开，从而打开较大的开口，便于电池单体快速泄压。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述泄压机构设置有泄压槽，所述泄压机构在设置有所述泄压槽的区域形成所述薄弱部。
在上述技术方案中，通过在泄压机构上开设泄压槽的方式形成薄弱部，简单方便，成本较低。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述泄压槽设置于所述泄压机构背离所述外壳内部的表面。
在上述技术方案中，通过将泄压槽设置于泄压机构背离壳体内部的表面，使得薄弱部在裂开时所需克服的张力较小，易于开裂。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述第一电极引出部包括第一极耳和第一集流构件，所述第一集流构件电连接所述第一极耳和所述壁部，所述第一集流构件与所述壁部焊接连接形成所述焊印部。
在上述技术方案中，通过设置第一集流构件，便于实现第一极耳与壁部的电连接，降低电极组件与壁部的连接难度。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述第一集流构件与所述壁部沿所述壁部的厚度方向排布，所述壁部和所述第一集流构件穿透焊接，所述焊印部的一部分凸出于所述壁部背离所述外壳内部的表面。
在上述技术方案中，采用穿透焊实现第一集流构件与壁部的连接，简单方便，焊接质量高。并且，穿透焊接时，焊接的方向大致垂直于壁部的厚度方向，能够降低对于薄弱部的影响，降低薄弱部提前裂开的风险，有利于提升电池单体的寿命。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述泄压机构与所述壁部一体成型。
在上述技术方案中，将泄压机构与壁部一体成型，无需额外的焊接或粘接工序，有利于降低泄压机构出现漏液的风险。并且，在生产时，易于使加工出的多个电池单体的起爆压力较为一致。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述泄压机构与所述壁部分体设置，所述壁部设置有泄压孔，所述泄压机构安装于所述壁部并覆盖所述泄压孔。
在上述技术方案中，通过将泄压机构与壁部分体设置并安装于壁部，以便于加工制造。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述第一电极引出部包括第一极耳，所述第二电极引出部包括第二极耳，沿所述壁部的厚度方向，所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳形成于所述电极组件的同一端。
在上述技术方案中，通过将第一极耳和第二极耳形成于电极组件的同一端，这样，在将第一极耳与壁部电连接、第二极耳与电极端子电连接时较为简单、方便，有利于降低生产制造成本。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述外壳包括壳体和端盖，所述壳体具有一端开口的容纳空间，所述容纳空间用于容纳所述电极组件；所述端盖连接于所述壳体并封闭所述开口；其中，所述端盖为所述壁部。
在上述技术方案中，当端盖为壁部时，第一电极引出部连接于端盖，电极端子设置于端盖，制造简单方便。
作为本申请实施例的一种可选技术方案，所述电池单体为圆柱电池单体。
第二方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种电池，所述电池包括上述的电池单体。
第三方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种用电设备，所述用电设备包括上述的电池单体，所述电池单体用于为所述用电设备提供电能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的结构示意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸图；
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的俯视示意图；
图6为图5中A-A位置的剖视图；
图7为图6中B位置的放大图；
图8为本申请另一些实施例提供的电池单体的结构示意图；
图9为本申请另一些实施例提供的电池单体的俯视示意图；
图10为图9中C-C位置的剖视图；
图11为图10中D位置的放大图。
图标：10-箱体；11-第一部分；12-第二部分；20-电池单体；21-外壳；211-壳体；212-端盖；23-壁部；231-薄弱部；232-泄压槽；24-电极端子；25-电极组件；251-第一电极引出部；2511-第一极耳；2512-第一集流构件；252-第二电极引出部；2521-第二极耳；2522-第二集流构件；26-下塑胶；28-焊印部；29-绝缘件；100-电池；200-控制器；300-马达；1000-车辆。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请实施例中，电池单体可以为二次电池，二次电池是指在电池单体放电后可通过充电的方式使活性材料激活而继续使用的电池单体。
电池单体可以为锂离子电池、钠离子电池、钠锂离子电池、锂金属电池、钠金属电池、锂硫电池、镁离子电池、镍氢电池、镍镉电池、铅蓄电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。
电池单体一般包括电极组件。电极组件包括正极、负极以及隔离件。在电池单体充放电过程中，活性离子(例如锂离子)在正极和负极之间往返嵌入和脱出。隔离件设置在正极和负极之间，可以起到一定程度上防止正负极短路的作用，同时可以使活性离子通过。
在一些实施例中，正极可以为正极极片，正极极片可以包括正极集流体以及设置在正极集流体至少一个表面的正极活性材料。
作为示例，正极集流体具有在其自身厚度方向相对的两个表面，正极活性材料设置在正极集流体相对的两个表面的任意一者或两者上。
作为示例，正极集流体可采用金属箔片或复合集流体。例如，作为金属箔片，可采用表面镀银处理的铝、表面镀银处理的不锈钢、不锈钢、铜、铝、镍、炭精电极、碳、镍或钛等。复合集流体可包括高分子材料基层和金属层。复合集流体可通过将金属材料(铝、铝合金、镍、镍合金、钛、钛合金、银及银合金等)形成在高分子材料基材(如聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯等的基材)上而形成。
作为示例，正极活性材料可包括以下材料中的至少一种：含锂磷酸盐、锂过渡金属氧化物及其各自的改性化合物。但本申请并不限定于这些材料，还可以使用其他可被用作电池正极活性材料的传统材料。这些正极活性材料可以仅单独使用一种，也可以将两种以上组合使用。其中，含锂磷酸盐的示例可包括但不限于磷酸铁锂(如LiFePO4(也可以简称为LFP))、磷酸铁锂与碳的复合材料、磷酸锰锂(如LiMnPO4)、磷酸锰锂与碳的复合材料、磷酸锰铁锂、磷酸锰铁锂与碳的复合材料中的至少一种。锂过渡金属氧化物的示例可包括但不限于锂钴氧化物(如LiCoO2)、锂镍氧化物(如LiNiO2)、锂锰氧化物(如LiMnO2、LiMn2O4)、锂镍钴氧化物、锂锰钴氧化物、锂镍锰氧化物、锂镍钴锰氧化物(如LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2(也可以简称为NCM333)、LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2(也可以简称为NCM523)、LiNi0.5Co0.25Mn0.25O2(也可以简称为NCM211)、LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2(也可以简称为NCM622)、LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2(也可以简称为NCM811)、锂镍钴铝氧化物(如LiNi0.85Co0.15Al0.05O2)及其改性化合物等中的至少一种。
在一些实施例中，正极可以采用泡沫金属。泡沫金属可以为泡沫镍、泡沫铜、泡沫铝、泡沫合金等。泡沫金属作为正极时，泡沫金属表面可以不设置正极活性材料，当然也可以设置正极活性材料。作为示例，在泡沫金属内还可以填充或/和沉积有锂源材料、钾金属或钠金属，锂源材料为锂金属和/或富锂材料。
在一些实施例中，负极可以为负极极片，负极极片可以包括负极集流体。
作为示例，负极集流体可采用金属箔片、泡沫金属或复合集流体。例如，作为金属箔片，可以采用银表面处理的铝或不锈钢、不锈钢、铜、铝、镍、炭精电极、镍或钛等。泡沫金属可以为泡沫镍、泡沫铜、泡沫铝、泡沫合金等。复合集流体可包括高分子材料基层和金属层。复合集流体可通过将金属材料(铜、铜合金、镍、镍合金、钛、钛合金、银及银合金等)形成在高分子材料基材(如聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯等的基材)上而形成。
作为示例，负极极片可以包括负极集流体以及设置在负极集流体至少一个表面上的负极活性材料。
作为示例，负极集流体具有在其自身厚度方向相对的两个表面，负极活性材料设置在负极集流体相对的两个表面中的任意一者或两者上。
作为示例，负极活性材料可采用本领域公知的用于电池单体的负极活性材料。作为示例，负极活性材料可包括以下材料中的至少一种：人造石墨、天然石墨、软炭、硬炭、硅基材料、锡基材料和钛酸锂等。硅基材料可选自单质硅、硅氧化合物、硅碳复合物、硅氮复合物以及硅合金中的至少一种。锡基材料可选自单质锡、锡氧化合物以及锡合金中的至少一种。但本申请并不限定于这些材料，还可以使用其他可被用作电池负极活性材料的传统材料。这些负极活性材料可以仅单独使用一种，也可以将两种以上组合使用。
在一些实施例中，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，负极集流体的材料可以为铜。
在一些实施方式中，电极组件还包括隔离件，隔离件设置在正极和负极之间。
在一些实施方式中，隔离件为隔离膜。隔离膜的种类可以是多种，可以选用任意公知的具有良好的化学稳定性和机械稳定性的多孔结构隔离膜。
作为示例，隔离膜的材质可以包括玻璃纤维、无纺布、聚乙烯、聚丙烯及聚偏二氟乙烯中的至少一种。隔离膜可以是单层薄膜，也可以是多层复合薄膜。在隔离膜为多层复合薄膜时，各层的材料可以相同或不同。隔离件可以是单独的一个部件位于正负极之间，也可以附着在正负极的表面。
在一些实施方式中，隔离件为固态电解质。固态电解质设于正极和负极之间，同时起到传输离子和隔离正负极的作用。
在一些实施方式中，电池单体还包括电解质，电解质在正、负极之间起到传导离子的作用。电解质可以是液态的、凝胶态的或固态的。其中，液态电解质包括电解质盐和溶剂。
在一些实施方式中，电解质盐可以包括六氟磷酸锂、四氟硼酸锂、高氯酸锂、六氟砷酸锂、双氟磺酰亚胺锂、双三氟甲磺酰亚胺锂、三氟甲磺酸锂、二氟磷酸锂、二氟草酸硼酸锂、二草酸硼酸锂、二氟二草酸磷酸锂及四氟草酸磷酸锂中的至少一种。
在一些实施方式中，溶剂可以包括碳酸亚乙酯、碳酸亚丙酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二丙酯、碳酸甲丙酯、碳酸乙丙酯、碳酸亚丁酯、氟代碳酸亚乙酯、甲酸甲酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、丙酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯、丙酸丙酯、丁酸甲酯、丁酸乙酯、1,4-丁内酯、环丁砜、二甲砜、甲乙砜及二乙砜中的至少一种。溶剂也可选醚类溶剂。醚类溶剂可以包括乙二醇二甲醚、乙二醇二乙醚、二乙二醇二甲醚、三乙二醇二甲醚、四乙二醇二甲醚、1,3-二氧戊环、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、二苯醚及冠醚中的一种或多种。
其中，凝胶态电解质包括以聚合物作为电解质的骨架网络，搭配离子液体-锂盐。
其中，固态电解质包括聚合物固态电解质、无机固态电解质、复合固态电解质。
作为示例，聚合物固态电解质可以为聚醚(聚氧化乙烯)、聚硅氧烷、聚碳酸酯、聚丙烯腈、聚偏氟乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、单离子聚合物、聚离子液体-锂盐、纤维素等。
作为示例，无机固态电解质可以包括氧化物固体电解质(晶态的钙钛矿、钠超导离子导体、石榴石、非晶态的LiPON薄膜)、硫化物固体电解质(晶态的锂超离子导体(锂锗磷硫、硫银锗矿)、非晶体硫化物)以及卤化物固体电解质、氮化物固体电解质及氢化物固体电解质中的一种或多种。
作为示例，复合固态电解质通过在聚合物固体电解质中增加无机固态电解质填料形成。
在一些实施方式中，电极组件为卷绕结构。正极极片、负极极片卷绕成卷绕结构。
在一些实施方式中，电极组件为叠片结构。
作为示例，正极极片、负极极片可分别设置多个，多个正极极片和多个负极极片交替层叠设置。
作为示例，正极极片可设置多个，负极极片折叠形成多个层叠设置的折叠段，相邻的折叠段之间夹持一个正极极片。
作为示例，正极极片和负极极片均折叠形成多个层叠设置的折叠段。
作为示例，隔离件可设置多个，分别设置在任意相邻的正极极片或负极极片之间。
作为示例，隔离件可连续地设置，通过折叠或者卷绕方式设置在任意相邻的正极极片或负极极片之间。
在一些实施方式中，电极组件的形状可以为圆柱状，扁平状或多棱柱状等。
在一些实施方式中，电极组件设有极耳，极耳可以将电流从电极组件导出。极耳包括正极耳和负极耳。
在一些实施方式中，电池单体可以包括外壳。外壳用于封装电极组件及电解质等部件。外壳可以为钢壳、铝壳、塑料壳(如聚丙烯)、复合金属壳(如铜铝复合外壳)或铝塑膜等。
在一些实施例中，外壳可以是密封结构，也可以是非密封结构。作为示例，外壳为密封结构时，外壳可以起到保护电极组件并且一定程度上防止诸如电解质泄露等作用。外壳为非密封结构时，外壳可以起到保护电极组件的作用，外壳与电极组件之间可以还包括密封袋，密封袋用于封装电极组件及电解质等。具体地，密封袋可以为袋状的绝缘件或铝塑膜。
作为示例，电池单体可以为圆柱形电池单体、棱柱电池单体、软包电池单体或其它形状的电池单体，棱柱电池单体包括但不限于方壳电池单体、刀片形电池单体、多棱柱电池，多棱柱电池例如为六棱柱电池等。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。
在一些实施例中，电池可以为电池模块，电池单体有多个时，多个电池单体排列并固定形成一个电池模块。
在一些实施例中，电池可以为电池包，电池包包括箱体和电池单体，电池单体或电池模块容纳于箱体中。
在一些实施例中，箱体可以作为车辆的底盘结构的一部分。例如，箱体的部分可以成为车辆的地板的至少一部分，或者，箱体的部分可以成为车辆的横梁和纵梁的至少一部分。
在一些实施例中，电池可以为储能装置。储能装置包括储能集装箱、储能电柜等。
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，电池的应用越加广泛。电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。
电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，电池寿命、放电容量、充放电倍率等性能参数。另外，还需要考虑电池的能量密度。然而，目前的电池的能量密度较低。
现有技术中，电池单体包括正极电极端子和负极电极端子，正极电极端子与正极耳电连接，负极电极端子与负极耳电连接，以输出电极组件的电能或者向电极组件输入电能。多个电极端子对电池的内部空间占用较大，导致电池的能量密度降低。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体，电池单体包括外壳、电极组件和电极端子，外壳具有壁部，电极组件容纳于外壳内。电极组件包括第一电极引出部和第二电极引出部，第一电极引出部和第二电极引出部的极性相反。第一电极引出部与壁部电连接，电极端子绝缘安装于壁部，电极端子与第二电极引出部电连接。
第一电极引出部与壁部电连接，第二电极引出部与电极端子电连接，能够通过壁部和电极端子来输出电极组件的电能或者向电极组件输入电能，一方面，可以减少设置电极端子设置的个数，降低成本，降低对电池内部空间的占用，提升能量密度。另一方面，信息采集设备与壁部电连接后便能够采集电池单体的使用信息，从而便于信息采集设备连接电池单体和进行数据采集，有利于降低电池单体进行数据采集的难度，进一步降低生产制造的成本。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池以及使用电池的用电设备。
用电设备可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，包括但不限于电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电设备为车辆1000为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的爆炸图。电池100包括箱体10和电池单体20，电池单体20容纳于箱体10内。其中，箱体10用于为电池单体20提供容纳空间，箱体10可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体10可以包括第一部分11和第二部分12，第一部分11与第二部分12相互盖合，第一部分11和第二部分12共同限定出用于容纳电池单体20的容纳空间。第二部分12可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一部分11可以为板状结构，第一部分11盖合于第二部分12的开口侧，以使第一部分11与第二部分12共同限定出容纳空间；第一部分11和第二部分12也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一部分11的开口侧盖合于第二部分12的开口侧。当然，第一部分11和第二部分12形成的箱体10可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内；当然，电池100也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块形式，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。电池100还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池100还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接。
其中，每个电池单体20可以为二次电池单体或一次电池单体；还可以是锂硫电池单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电池单体，但不局限于此。电池单体20可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。
请参照图3、图4、图5、图6和图7，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的结构示意图。图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的爆炸图。图5为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的俯视示意图。图6为图5中A-A位置的剖视图。图7为图6中B位置的放大图。本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体20，电池单体20包括外壳21、电极组件25和电极端子24，外壳21具有壁部23，电极组件25容纳于外壳21内。电极组件25包括第一电极引出部251和第二电极引出部252，第一电极引出部251和第二电极引出部252的极性相反。第一电极引出部251与壁部23电连接，电极端子24绝缘安装于壁部23，电极端子24与第二电极引出部252电连接。
电池单体20是指组成电池100的最小单元。
外壳21包括壳体211和端盖212，壳体211具有一端开口的容纳空间，容纳空间用于容纳电极组件25。端盖212连接于壳体211并封闭开口。
端盖212是指盖合于壳体211的开口处以将电池单体20的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地，端盖212的形状可以与壳体211的形状相适应以配合壳体211。可选地，端盖212可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，端盖212在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体20能够具备更高的结构强度，可靠性能也可以有所提高。端盖212的材质也可以包括但不限于铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等。电池单体20还包括下塑胶26，下塑胶26设置在端盖212的内侧，下塑胶26可以用于隔离壳体211内的电连接部件与端盖212，以降低短路的风险。示例性的，下塑胶26可以是塑料、橡胶等。
壳体211是用于配合端盖212以形成电池单体20的内部环境的部件，其中，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电极组件25、电解液以及其他部件。壳体211和端盖212可以是独立的部件，可以于壳体211上设置开口，通过在开口处使端盖212盖合开口以形成电池单体20的内部环境。不限地，也可以使端盖212和壳体211一体化，具体地，端盖212和壳体211可以在其他部件入壳前先形成一个共同的接合面，当需要封装壳体211的内部时，再使端盖212盖合壳体211。壳体211可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，例如长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。具体地，壳体211的形状可以根据电极组件25的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。壳体211的材质可以包括但不限于铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等。
壁部23可以是外壳21的端盖212，也可以是外壳21的壳体211的一个壁。在一些实施中，如图3和图4所示，壁部23为端盖212。在另一些实施例中，壁部23可以是壳体211的与端盖212相对的底壁。在又一些实施例中，壁部23还可以是壳体211的与端盖212相邻且相互连接的侧壁。
电极组件25是电池单体20中发生电化学反应的部件。外壳21内可以包含一个或更多个电极组件25。电极组件25主要由正极极片和负极极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常在正极极片与负极极片之间设有隔离膜。正极极片和负极极片具有活性物质的部分构成电极组件25的主体，正极极片和负极极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成极耳。正极耳和负极耳可以共同位于主体的一端或是分别位于主体的两端。在电池100的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应。
第一电极引出部251是用于引出主体的电能或者向主体内引入电能的结构。第一电极引出部251包括第一极耳2511，第一极耳2511为上述的正极耳或负极耳，第一极耳2511可以直接连接于壁部23。在另一些实施例中，第一电极引出部251还可以包括连接于第一极耳2511的其他电连接部件，例如，第一电极引出部251还可以包括第一集流构件2512，第一集流构件2512连接第一极耳2511和壁部23，以将电极组件25的电能导向壁部23或者接收从壁部23导入的电能。
第一极耳2511可以是正极耳，也可以是负极耳。当第一极耳2511为正极耳时，壁部23作为电池单体20的正极。当第一极耳2511为负极耳时，壁部23作为电池单体20的负极。
可以通过第一电极引出部251来判断外壳21的哪个壁为壁部23。例如，当第一电极引出部251连接于端盖212时，则端盖212为壁部23。当第一电极引出部251连接于壳体211的底壁时，则底壁为壁部23。当第一电极引出部251连接于壳体211的侧壁时，则侧壁为壁部23。
电极端子24用于与电极组件25的极耳电连接，以输入或输出电池单体20的电能。电极端子24与极耳可以直接连接，比如，电极端子24与极耳直接焊接。电极端子24与极耳也可以间接连接，比如，电极端子24与极耳通过集流构件间接连接。
电极端子24绝缘安装于壁部23，也即电极端子24与壁部23绝缘隔离。可选地，电池单体20包括绝缘件29，绝缘件29设置于电极端子24和壁部23之间，以将电极端子24和壁部23绝缘隔离。
第二电极引出部252是用于引出电极组件25的电能或者向电极组件25内引入电能的结构。第二电极引出部252包括第二极耳2521，第二极耳2521为上述的负极耳或正极耳，第二极耳2521可以直接连接于电极端子24。在另一些实施例中，第二电极引出部252还可以包括连接于第二极耳2521的其他电连接部件，例如，第二电极引出部252还可以包括第二集流构件2522，第二集流构件2522连接第二极耳2521和电极端子24，以将电极组件25的电能导向电极端子24或者接收从电极端子24导入的电能。
第一电极引出部251和第二电极引出部252的极性相反，例如，当第一电极引出部251为正极引出部时，第二电极引出部252为负极引出部。当第一电极引出部251为负极引出部时，第二电极引出部252为正极引出部。与之相对应地，第一极耳2511和第二极耳2521的极性相反，例如，当第一极耳2511是正极耳时，第二极耳2521是负极耳。当第一极耳2511是负极耳时，第二极耳2521是正极耳。
第一电极引出部251与壁部23电连接，第二电极引出部252与电极端子24电连接，能够通过壁部23和电极端子24来输出电极组件25的电能或者向电极组件25输入电能，一方面，可以减少设置电极端子24设置的个数，降低成本，降低对电池100内部空间的占用，提升能量密度。另一方面，信息采集设备与壁部23电连接后便能够采集电池单体20的使用信息，从而便于信息采集设备连接电池单体20和进行数据采集，有利于降低电池单体20进行数据采集的难度，进一步降低生产制造的成本。
请参照图3、图4、图5、图6和图7，在一些实施例中，第一电极引出部251与壁部23焊接连接形成焊印部28。电池单体20包括泄压机构，泄压机构设置于壁部23。泄压机构包括薄弱部231，泄压机构被配置为在电池单体20泄压时能够沿薄弱部231的至少一部分裂开。其中，沿垂直于壁部23的厚度方向的方向，薄弱部231设置于焊印部28和电极端子24之间。
焊印部28是对第一电极引出部251和壁部23进行焊接后留下的焊印部28分。焊接方式不作限定，例如，气焊、电焊、激光焊接等。
泄压机构是用于在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到起爆压力时打开，以泄放电池单体20的内部压力的部件。泄压机构设置于壁部23。泄压机构可以是安装于壁部23上的部件，此时，泄压机构与壁部23分体设置并连接。例如，泄压机构为安装于壁部23上的防爆片。泄压机构也可以为壁部23的一部分，此时，泄压机构与壁部23一体成型。
薄弱部231起到泄压的作用，用于在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到预定值时使得泄压机构能够沿着薄弱部231裂开，以泄放电池单体20内部的压力。在一些实施例中，泄压机构在薄弱部231的位置的强度可以低于泄压机构其他位置的强度，这样，在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到预定值时薄弱部231能够在内部压力的作用下裂开，以泄放电池单体20内部的压力。在另一些实施例中，泄压机构在薄弱部231的位置的熔点可以低于泄压机构其他位置的熔点。这样，在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到预定值时薄弱部231能够在高温的作用下裂开，以泄放电池单体20内部的压力。
薄弱部231沿垂直于壁部23的厚度方向的方向设置于焊印部28和电极端子24之间。请参照图6和图7，壁部23的厚度方向为图中所示的X方向。垂直于壁部23的厚度方向的方向为图中所示的Y方向。在图6和图7所示的实施例中，电池单体20为圆柱电池单体，壁部23为端盖212。垂直于壁部23的厚度方向的方向为端盖212的径向。
通过设置泄压机构，泄压机构能够在电池单体20泄压时沿着薄弱部231的至少一部分裂开，以便泄放电池单体20内部的压力。沿垂直于壁部23的厚度方向的方向，将薄弱部231设置于焊印部28和电极端子24之间，使得薄弱部231裂开时能够打开较大的开口，有利于电池单体20快速泄压。
请参照图3、图4、图5、图6和图7，在一些实施例中，薄弱部231为环绕电极端子24设置的环形结构。沿垂直于壁部23的厚度方向的方向，薄弱部231与焊印部28的最小距离小于薄弱部231与电极端子24的最小距离。
薄弱部231为环形结构，薄弱部231为沿着封闭轨迹延伸的封闭形状，例如，薄弱部231可以呈圆形、椭圆形、正方形、六边形等封闭形状。电极端子24设置于薄弱部231的内侧。
请参照图7，薄弱部231沿垂直于壁部23的厚度方向的方向与焊印部28的最小距离为A，薄弱部231沿垂直于壁部23的厚度方向的方向与电极端子24的最小距离为B，满足：A＜B。简而言之，沿垂直于壁部23的厚度方向的方向，薄弱部231设置于焊印部28和电极端子24之间，且薄弱部231靠近焊印部28设置。
薄弱部231为环绕电极端子24设置的环形结构，薄弱部231将泄压机构划分为两部分，一部分位于薄弱部231的外侧，一部分位于薄弱部231的内侧。沿垂直于壁部23的厚度方向的方向，通过使薄弱部231与焊印部28的最小距离小于薄弱部231与电极端子24的最小距离，也即薄弱部231靠近于焊印部28设置，这样，电池单体20泄压时，泄压机构位于薄弱部231内侧的部分受到气体的作用力较大，泄压机构位于薄弱部231内侧的部分能够打开泄压，形成较大的供气体排出的开口，电池单体20泄压时的泄压面积较大，有利于电池单体20快速泄压。
请参照图8、图9、图10和图11，图8为本申请另一些实施例提供的电池单体20的结构示意图。图9为本申请另一些实施例提供的电池单体20的俯视示意图。图10为图9中C-C位置的剖视图。图11为图10中D位置的放大图。在另一些实施例中，薄弱部231为环绕电极端子24设置的环形结构。沿垂直于壁部23的厚度方向的方向，薄弱部231与焊印部28的最小距离大于薄弱部231与电极端子24的最小距离。
请参照图11，薄弱部231沿垂直于壁部23的厚度方向的方向与焊印部28的最小距离为A，薄弱部231沿垂直于壁部23的厚度方向的方向与电极端子24的最小距离为B，满足：A＞B。简而言之，沿垂直于壁部23的厚度方向的方向，薄弱部231设置于焊印部28和电极端子24之间，且薄弱部231靠近电极端子24设置。
薄弱部231为环绕电极端子24设置的环形结构，薄弱部231将泄压机构划分为两部分，一部分位于薄弱部231的外侧，一部分位于薄弱部231的内侧。沿垂直于壁部23的厚度方向的方向，通过使薄弱部231与焊印部28的最小距离大于薄弱部231与电极端子24的最小距离，也即薄弱部231靠近于电极端子24设置，这样，电池单体20泄压时，泄压机构位于薄弱部231外侧的部分受到气体的作用力较大，泄压机构位于薄弱部231外侧的部分能够打开泄压，使得电极端子24不易脱离壁部23，不易与其他电连接部件接触而发生短路。
请参照图3、图4、图5、图6和图7，在一些实施例中，沿垂直于壁部23的厚度方向的方向，薄弱部231与焊印部28之间的最小距离为A，满足：A≥3mm。
薄弱部231沿垂直于壁部23的厚度方向的方向与焊印部28之间的最小距离可以为：A＝3mm、3.1mm、3.2mm、3.3mm、3.4mm、3.5mm、3.6mm、3.7mm、3.8mm、3.9mm、4mm、4.1mm、4.2mm、4.3mm、4.4mm、4.5mm等。
通过使薄弱部231沿垂直于壁部23的厚度方向的方向与焊印部28之间的最小距离大于或等于3mm，有利于降低焊接第一电极引出部251和壁部23时高热量对于薄弱部231的影响，降低薄弱部231提前裂开的风险，有利于提升电池单体20的寿命。
请参照图3、图4、图5、图6和图7，在一些实施例中，沿垂直于壁部23的厚度方向的方向，薄弱部231与电极端子24之间的最小距离为B，满足：B≥4mm。
薄弱部231沿垂直于壁部23的厚度方向的方向与电极端子24之间的最小距离可以为：B＝4mm、4.1mm、4.2mm、4.3mm、4.4mm、4.5mm、4.6mm、4.7mm、4.8mm、4.9mm、5mm等。
通过使薄弱部231沿垂直于壁部23的厚度方向的方向与电极端子24之间的最小距离大于或等于4mm，使得薄弱部231与电极单子之间的距离较大，能够降低电极端子24对于薄弱部231形变的抑制效果，从而便于电池单体20泄压时薄弱部231能够及时裂开，提升电池单体20的泄压及时性。
请参照图3、图4、图5、图6和图7，在一些实施例中，焊印部28和薄弱部231均为环绕电极端子24设置的环形结构。
焊印部28为环形结构，焊印部28为沿着封闭轨迹延伸的封闭形状，例如，焊印部28可以呈圆形、椭圆形、正方形、六边形等封闭形状。电极端子24设置于焊印部28的内侧。
焊印部28为环形结构，焊印部28环绕设置于电极端子24的外侧，这样，第一电极引出部251能够较为稳定地连接于壁部23，并且具有较大的过流面积。通过将薄弱部231设置为环形结构，在电池单体20泄压时，泄压机构能够沿着薄弱部231裂开，从而打开较大的开口，便于电池单体20快速泄压。
请参照图3、图4、图5、图6和图7，在一些实施例中，泄压机构设置有泄压槽232，泄压机构在设置有泄压槽232的区域形成薄弱部231。
泄压机构在壁部23的厚度方向上具有相对设置的第一表面和第二表面。第一表面设置有泄压槽232，也即泄压槽232从第一表面向着第二表面凹陷。
沿壁部23的厚度方向，薄弱部231为泄压机构的位于泄压槽232的最远离第一表面的槽底面与第二表面之间的部分。
泄压槽232可以采用多种方式加工成型，比如冲压成型、冷镦加工成型等。以采用冲压成型的方式成型泄压槽232为例，可沿着第一表面到第二表面的方向在泄压机构上冲压成型出泄压槽232。
采用冲压成型或冷镦成型泄压槽232，会使得泄压槽232的槽壁发生冷作硬化(晶粒排布发生改变，导致晶格扭曲畸变，使金属塑性降低，材料硬度提高)，其抵抗外部冲击的能力增强，不易受到外部冲击作用而破坏。这样，有利于降低泄压机构漏液的风险。
通过在泄压机构上开设泄压槽232的方式形成薄弱部231，简单方便，成本较低。
请参照图3、图4、图5、图6和图7，在一些实施例中，泄压槽232设置于泄压机构背离外壳21内部的表面。
第一表面为泄压机构背离外壳21内部的表面，第二表面为泄压机构面向外壳21内部的表面。
第一表面为泄压机构背离外壳21内部的表面，也即泄压机构的外表面。第二表面为泄压机构面向外壳21内部的表面，也即泄压机构的内表面。简而言之，泄压槽232设置于泄压机构的外表面。
通过将泄压槽232设置于泄压机构背离壳体211内部的表面，使得薄弱部231在裂开时所需克服的张力较小，易于开裂。
请参照图3、图4、图5、图6和图7，在一些实施例中，第一电极引出部251包括第一极耳2511和第一集流构件2512，第一集流构件2512电连接第一极耳2511和壁部23，第一集流构件2512与壁部23焊接连接形成焊印部28。
当第一电极引出部251包括第一集流构件2512时，第一集流构件2512电连接第一极耳2511和壁部23，焊印部28为第一集流构件2512和壁部23进行焊接后留下的焊印部28分。
通过设置第一集流构件2512，便于实现第一极耳2511与壁部23的电连接，降低电极组件25与壁部23的连接难度。
请参照图3、图4、图5、图6和图7，在一些实施例中，第一集流构件2512与壁部23沿壁部23的厚度方向排布。壁部23和第一集流构件2512穿透焊接，焊印部28的一部分凸出于壁部23背离外壳21内部的表面。
穿透焊接时，可以沿着壁部23指向第一集流构件2512的方向焊接壁部23和第一集流构件2512，这样，在壁部23的外表面能够直接观察到焊印部28。
采用穿透焊实现第一集流构件2512与壁部23的连接，简单方便，焊接质量高。并且，穿透焊接时，焊接的方向大致垂直于壁部23的厚度方向，能够降低对于薄弱部231的影响，降低薄弱部231提前裂开的风险，有利于提升电池单体20的寿命。
请参照图3、图4、图5、图6和图7，在一些实施例中，泄压机构与壁部23一体成型。
一体成型是指壁部23和泄压机构在被提供时是一体结构。例如，可以通过冲压或冷镦等方式在壁部23上成型出泄压机构。
将泄压机构与壁部23一体成型，无需额外的焊接或粘接工序，有利于降低泄压机构出现漏液的风险。并且，在生产时，易于使加工出的多个电池单体20的起爆压力较为一致。
在另一些实施例中，泄压机构与壁部23分体设置，壁部23设置有泄压孔，泄压机构安装于壁部23并覆盖泄压孔。
“泄压机构与壁部23分体设置，壁部23设置有泄压孔，泄压机构安装于壁部23并覆盖泄压孔”是指在制造时，在壁部23上开设有泄压孔，泄压机构和壁部23被分别提供，最终连接在一起。例如，泄压机构可以焊接于壁部23。泄压机构可以为安装于壁部23上的防爆片。
通过将泄压机构与壁部23分体设置并安装于壁部23，以便于加工制造。
请参照图3、图4、图5、图6和图7，在一些实施例中，第一电极引出部251包括第一极耳2511，第二电极引出部252包括第二极耳2521。沿壁部23的厚度方向，第一极耳2511和第二极耳2521形成于电极组件25的同一端。
请参照图4，在图4所示的实施例中，第一极耳2511和第二极耳2521均形成于电极组件25的上端。
通过将第一极耳2511和第二极耳2521形成于电极组件25的同一端，这样，在将第一极耳2511与壁部23电连接、第二极耳2521与电极端子24电连接时较为简单、方便，有利于降低生产制造成本。
请参照图3、图4、图5、图6和图7，在一些实施例中，外壳21包括壳体211和端盖212，壳体211具有一端开口的容纳空间，容纳空间用于容纳电极组件25，端盖212连接于壳体211并封闭开口。其中，端盖212为壁部23。
当端盖212为壁部23时，第一电极引出部251连接于端盖212，电极端子24设置于端盖212，制造简单方便。
请参照图3、图4、图5、图6和图7，在一些实施例中，电池单体20为圆柱电池单体。
本申请实施例还提供了一种电池100，电池100包括上述的电池单体20。
本申请实施例还提供了一种用电设备，用电设备包括上述的电池单体20，电池单体20用于为用电设备提供电能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图3～图11。
本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体20，电池单体20包括外壳21、电极组件25和电极端子24，外壳21具有壁部23，电极组件25容纳于外壳21内。电极组件25包括第一电极引出部251和第二电极引出部252，第一电极引出部251和第二电极引出部252的极性相反。第一电极引出部251与壁部23电连接，电极端子24绝缘安装于壁部23，电极端子24与第二电极引出部252电连接。第一电极引出部251与壁部23电连接，第二电极引出部252与电极端子24电连接，能够通过壁部23和电极端子24来输出电极组件25的电能或者向电极组件25输入电能，一方面，可以减少设置电极端子24设置的个数，降低成本，降低对电池100内部空间的占用，提升能量密度。另一方面，信息采集设备与壁部23电连接后便能够采集电池单体20的使用信息，从而便于信息采集设备连接电池单体20和进行数据采集，有利于降低电池单体20进行数据采集的难度，进一步降低生产制造的成本。
第一电极引出部251与壁部23焊接连接形成焊印部28。电池单体20包括泄压机构，泄压机构设置于壁部23。泄压机构包括薄弱部231，泄压机构被配置为在电池单体20泄压时能够沿薄弱部231的至少一部分裂开。其中，沿垂直于壁部23的厚度方向的方向，薄弱部231设置于焊印部28和电极端子24之间。通过设置泄压机构，泄压机构能够在电池单体20泄压时沿着薄弱部231的至少一部分裂开，以便泄放电池单体20内部的压力。沿垂直于壁部23的厚度方向的方向，将薄弱部231设置于焊印部28和电极端子24之间，使得薄弱部231裂开时能够打开较大的开口，有利于电池单体20快速泄压。
在一些实施例中，薄弱部231为环绕电极端子24设置的环形结构。沿垂直于壁部23的厚度方向的方向，薄弱部231与焊印部28的最小距离小于薄弱部231与电极端子24的最小距离。沿垂直于壁部23的厚度方向的方向，通过使薄弱部231与焊印部28的最小距离小于薄弱部231与电极端子24的最小距离，也即薄弱部231靠近于焊印部28设置，这样，电池单体20泄压时，薄弱部231内侧的区域受到气体的作用力较大，薄弱部231内侧的区域能够打开，形成较大的供气体排出的开口，电池单体20泄压时的泄压面积较大，有利于电池单体20快速泄压。
在另一些实施例中，薄弱部231为环绕电极端子24设置的环形结构。沿垂直于壁部23的厚度方向的方向，薄弱部231与焊印部28的最小距离大于薄弱部231与电极端子24的最小距离。沿垂直于壁部23的厚度方向的方向，通过使薄弱部231与焊印部28的最小距离大于薄弱部231与电极端子24的最小距离，也即薄弱部231靠近于电极端子24设置，这样，电池单体20泄压时，薄弱部231外侧的区域受到气体的作用力较大，薄弱部231外侧的区域能够打开，使得电极端子24不易脱离壁部23，不易与其他电连接部件接触而发生短路。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种电池单体，其中，包括：
    外壳，具有壁部；
    电极组件，容纳于所述外壳内，所述电极组件包括第一电极引出部和第二电极引出部，所述第一电极引出部和所述第二电极引出部的极性相反，所述第一电极引出部与所述壁部焊接连接形成焊印部；
    电极端子，绝缘安装于所述壁部，所述电极端子与所述第二电极引出部电连接；
    泄压机构，设置于所述壁部，所述泄压机构包括薄弱部，所述薄弱部被配置为可以在所述电池单体泄压时至少一部分裂开；
    沿垂直于所述壁部的厚度方向的方向，所述薄弱部设置于所述焊印部和所述电极端子之间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述电池单体，其中，所述薄弱部为环绕所述电极端子设置的环形结构，沿所述垂直于所述壁部的厚度方向的方向，所述薄弱部与所述焊印部的最小距离小于所述薄弱部与所述电极端子的最小距离。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述电池单体，其中，所述薄弱部为环绕所述电极端子设置的环形结构，沿所述垂直于所述壁部的厚度方向的方向，所述薄弱部与所述焊印部的最小距离大于所述薄弱部与所述电极端子的最小距离。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述电池单体，其中，沿所述垂直于所述壁部的厚度方向的方向，所述薄弱部与所述焊印部之间的最小距离为A，满足：A≥3mm。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述电池单体，其中，沿所述垂直于所述壁部的厚度方向的方向，所述薄弱部与所述电极端子之间的最小距离为B，满足：B≥4mm。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述电池单体，其中，所述焊印部和所述薄弱部均为环绕所述电极端子设置的环形结构。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述电池单体，其中，所述泄压机构设置有泄压槽，所述泄压机构在设置有所述泄压槽的区域形成所述薄弱部。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述电池单体，其中，所述泄压槽设置于所述泄压机构背离所述外壳内部的表面。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述电池单体，其中，所述第一电极引出部包括第一极耳和第一集流构件，所述第一集流构件电连接所述第一极耳和所述壁部，所述第一集流构件与所述壁部焊接连接形成所述焊印部。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述电池单体，其中，所述第一集流构件与所述壁部沿所述壁部的厚度方向排布，所述壁部和所述第一集流构件穿透焊接，所述焊印部的一部分凸出于所述壁部背离所述外壳内部的表面。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述电池单体，其中，所述泄压机构与所述壁部一体成型。
  12. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述电池单体，其中，所述泄压机构与所述壁部分体设置，所述壁部设置有泄压孔，所述泄压机构安装于所述壁部并覆盖所述泄压孔。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12任一项所述电池单体，其中，所述第一电极引出部包括第一极耳，所述第二电极引出部包括第二极耳，沿所述壁部的厚度方向，所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳形成于所述电极组件的同一端。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述电池单体，其中，所述外壳包括：
    壳体，具有一端开口的容纳空间，所述容纳空间用于容纳所述电极组件；
    端盖，连接于所述壳体并封闭所述开口；
    所述端盖为所述壁部。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14任一项所述电池单体，其中，所述电池单体为圆柱电池单体。
  16. 一种电池，其中，包括根据权利要求1-15任一项所述的电池单体。
  17. 一种用电设备，其中，包括根据权利要求1-15任一项所述的电池单体，所述电池单体用于为所述用电设备提供电能。
PCT/CN2025/099393 2024-07-11 2025-06-05 电池单体、电池及用电设备 Pending WO2026012020A1 (zh)

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CN116111271A (zh) * 2022-11-17 2023-05-12 广汽埃安新能源汽车股份有限公司 电池单体、动力电池及用电设备
CN116914233A (zh) * 2023-09-14 2023-10-20 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池单体、电池及用电装置
CN116936951A (zh) * 2023-09-14 2023-10-24 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池单体、电池及用电装置
CN116936953A (zh) * 2023-09-14 2023-10-24 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电极组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置
CN221262560U (zh) * 2023-11-13 2024-07-02 株式会社Aesc日本 二次电池、电池组及电子设备

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116111271A (zh) * 2022-11-17 2023-05-12 广汽埃安新能源汽车股份有限公司 电池单体、动力电池及用电设备
CN116914233A (zh) * 2023-09-14 2023-10-20 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池单体、电池及用电装置
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CN221262560U (zh) * 2023-11-13 2024-07-02 株式会社Aesc日本 二次电池、电池组及电子设备

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