WO2026008564A1 - Method for starting a cryogenic distillation air separation unit - Google Patents
Method for starting a cryogenic distillation air separation unitInfo
- Publication number
- WO2026008564A1 WO2026008564A1 PCT/EP2025/068545 EP2025068545W WO2026008564A1 WO 2026008564 A1 WO2026008564 A1 WO 2026008564A1 EP 2025068545 W EP2025068545 W EP 2025068545W WO 2026008564 A1 WO2026008564 A1 WO 2026008564A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- column
- air
- pressure
- sent
- oxygen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04254—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using the cold stored in external cryogenic fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
- F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
- F25J3/04303—Lachmann expansion, i.e. expanded into oxygen producing or low pressure column
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
- F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
- F25J3/04812—Different modes, i.e. "runs" of operation
- F25J3/04818—Start-up of the process
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
- F25J3/04812—Different modes, i.e. "runs" of operation
- F25J3/04824—Stopping of the process, e.g. defrosting or deriming; Back-up procedures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/42—Nitrogen
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for starting up an air separation apparatus by cryogenic distillation.
- the separation apparatus comprises a first column operating at a first pressure, called medium pressure, and a second column operating at a second pressure, lower than the first pressure, called low pressure.
- the head of the first column is thermally connected to the vessel of the second column.
- the columns can be arranged with the second column above the first, or alternatively, the two columns can be side by side.
- the columns are located inside a thermally insulated enclosure called a cold box.
- One aim of the invention is to have a rapid automatic start regardless of the starting temperature of the cold box and the liquid levels of an air separation device containing the distillation columns.
- Another objective of the invention is to be able to start the device by adding liquid nitrogen directly into the column using piping between the storage and the column intended for sending liquid oxygen.
- liquid nitrogen it is known to add liquid nitrogen to a cryogenic distillation air separation column.
- the nitrogen is added at the top of the low-pressure column (SU832273) or at the top of the medium-pressure column (FR2578532).
- the liquid nitrogen is generally introduced at the top of the low-pressure column, at the same level as the upper lean liquid, which has a similar concentration.
- liquid oxygen is sent into the tank of the low-pressure column from an external source (US4732595, FR1169625, US3039274).
- liquid nitrogen from an external source is sent to the tank of the low-pressure column, below the vaporizer.
- the liquid nitrogen is sent to a location where, under stable operating conditions, liquid oxygen accumulates.
- the main air compressor is started first to send air to the low-pressure column, before starting to send liquid nitrogen into the low-pressure column tank.
- the vaporizer would operate completely outside its operating range when the air compressor supplying the medium-pressure column (first column) started. This is because the surrounding liquid concentration is not that of the stable operating range.
- the resulting pressure in the medium-pressure column would be very low (possibly lower than that intended for the low-pressure column), and a very high flow rate of air, and subsequently nitrogen, would condense in the vaporizer. It would therefore become impossible to start the apparatus, particularly due to insufficient pressure to pump the reflux liquids from the medium-pressure column back to the low-pressure column.
- the process begins by starting the air compressor, which sends gaseous air to the low-pressure column.
- the air compressor will reach the top of its operating curve (maximum high pressure and slightly reduced flow rate), and its regulator will vent the unused air to the atmosphere, bypassing the column.
- Liquid nitrogen will then be sent to the tank vaporizer in the low-pressure column. This will eventually create a small liquid level around the tank vaporizer of the low-pressure column and prime the vaporizer, initially at a low flow rate and primarily by maintaining the pressure of the medium-pressure column.
- the liquids can then be drawn up from the medium-pressure column, and distillation can begin.
- a method for starting an air separation apparatus by cryogenic distillation for the production of gaseous oxygen.
- the apparatus comprises a first column operating at a first pressure and a second column operating at a second pressure lower than the first.
- the second column has a tank vaporizer connected to be heated by a nitrogen-enriched gas from the first column.
- It also includes a heat exchanger, a scrubbing unit, and means for delivering an oxygen-enriched fluid from the tank of the second column, connected to the heat exchanger to ensure the heating of the oxygen-enriched fluid for use as a product.
- air is compressed in a compressor, scrubbed into water and carbon dioxide in the scrubbing unit at a pressure substantially equal to the first or second pressure, cooled, and sent at least partially to the first column.
- An oxygen-enriched liquid is then sent from the first column to the second column, and the remaining oxygen is withdrawn.
- an oxygen-enriched gas from the lower part of the second column as a gaseous oxygen product or an oxygen-enriched liquid from the lower part of the second column which vaporizes against the air which cools to form the gaseous oxygen product and to start the apparatus, while the apparatus is at a temperature above 0°C or below 0°C, purified air is first sent to the second column, preferably to the second column but not to the first column, and then liquid nitrogen is sent from an external source below the vaporizer.
- Liquid nitrogen is sent from an external source below the vaporizer after the compressor has started.
- An air turbine powered by compressed and purified air from the compressor, is started to keep the process cool before or during the injection of liquid nitrogen below the vaporizer. • the device to be started is at a temperature above 0°C.
- the device to be started is at a temperature below -100°C, or even -170°C.
- a cryogenic distillation air separation process comprising a start-up step as described above and a stable operating step in which no flow of liquid nitrogen is sent to the second column and the process is kept at least partially cold by expansion of at least one fluid intended for or originating from one of the columns in at least one turbine.
- a cryogenic distillation air separation process comprising a start-up step as described above and a stable operating step in which liquid nitrogen is sent to the second column and optionally the process is also kept cold by expansion of at least one fluid intended for or from one of the columns in at least one turbine.
- the oxygen-enriched gas contains less than 98.5% mol O2, or even less than 96% mol O2.
- a first compressor compresses the air to the second pressure, the air is substantially purified at the second pressure and part of the purified air is sent to a blower which compresses the part of the purified air to the first pressure and the supercharged air is sent partly to the first column and part of the purified air at the second pressure is sent to the second column and during start-up, the first compressor is started before the blower.
- a first compressor compresses the air to the first pressure, the air is purified at the first pressure, part of the air at the first pressure is sent to the first column and part of the air at the first pressure is expanded in a turbine and sent to the second column and during start-up, the first compressor is started before triggering the sending of liquid nitrogen below the vaporizer.
- the present invention can be used for both cold and hot starts. It also has the advantage of comprising the same steps whether the start is hot or cold, which simplifies automation.
- an air separation apparatus comprising a first column operating at a first pressure and a second column operating at a second pressure, lower than the first pressure, the tank of the second column being thermally connected to the tank of the first column, the apparatus comprising air purification at the second pressure, i.e. a low pressure, to produce impure oxygen extracted in gaseous or liquid form (i.e. with a purity of less than 98.5% mol, or even less than 96% mol O2).
- FIG.1 represents an air gas separation apparatus with second pressure purification, capable of being started according to a process of the invention.
- the invention is described below in more detail with reference to [FIG.1] which schematically represents an apparatus with second pressure purification operating according to the process of the invention.
- An air separation apparatus comprises a first column 19 operating at a first pressure and a second column 21 operating at a second, lower pressure.
- the tank of the second column is thermally connected to the tank of the first column, with purification at the second pressure, i.e., a low pressure, to produce impure oxygen (i.e., with a purity of less than 98.5% mol, or even less than 96% mol O2).
- the oxygen can be withdrawn in gaseous form or, failing that, in liquid form, and is then vaporized by heat exchange with air, possibly after pumping.
- ambient air is filtered in filter 1, then compressed in compressor 2 to the second pressure, then cooled in exchanger 3. It is then purified in purification 4 to the second pressure.
- Part of the air purified at the second pressure is sent directly into the exchanger 15, then to the second column (low pressure column) 21 where it is separated, without having been compressed or expanded downstream of the compressor 2.
- Another part of the purified air at the second pressure is compressed in the compressor s, then cooled in the exchanger 9, then in the exchanger 15, then is sent partly to the turbine 10, the other part being sent to separate in the first column (medium pressure column) 19.
- the part expanded in the turbine 10 is sent to the second column 21 in gaseous form at an intermediate level to be separated.
- the tank-rich liquid from the first column 19 is cooled in the sub-cooler 22, then expanded in the valve 24 and then sent to an intermediate section of the second column 21.
- the lean liquid at the top of the first column 19 is cooled in the sub-cooler 22, then expanded in the valve 23 and then sent to the top of the second column 21.
- Oxygen gas is produced in the tank of the second column 21, which is heated in the exchanger 15, and then sold as product 40.
- This is impure oxygen (i.e. with a purity of less than 98.5% mol, or even less than 96% mol O2).
- the device can be in two main states:
- the device may be at a temperature as low as -170°C but no longer contain cryogenic fluid. After a shutdown of at least 48 hours, the cryogenic fluids must be purged for safety reasons.
- the cryogenic device may run out of liquid and the temperature may have started to rise in the cold box through the thermal inlets, for example, to reach a certain temperature. average to -100°C or -50°C if the stop is much longer, without necessarily defrosting.
- feeding liquid nitrogen from an external source
- a liquid nitrogen storage tank 1 which constitutes the external source.
- the feed liquid passes through a pressure-reducing and regulating valve 2 and is then injected below the vaporizer 4.
- the advantage of injecting the cryogenic liquid below the vaporizer is to limit thermal shock; if the vaporizer is hot, it will initially come into contact with cold gas before coming into contact with the cryogenic liquid.
- the automatic start-up of a device of the second type is the same, regardless of the initial state of the cold box, for example in terms of temperature and cryogenic liquids present, and may include at least some of the following steps in the order mentioned, with the exception of steps v) and vi): i) Start-up of the air compressor BP 2 and the air cleaning system 4, while the compressor 8 is not started and no liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen is sent to the tank of the second column 21 or air to the first column 19.
- the bypass valve 5 is used to send a portion of the air compressed by the compressor 2 to the second pressure to a circuit where residual nitrogen circulates during normal operation, so as to have a regeneration flow for the cleaning system 4 which circulates during start-up, passing through the heater 6.
- the vaporizer level regulation can be ensured by the liquid nitrogen feed valve 31 in case of failure of the turbine 10.
- Sending a small quantity of liquid nitrogen, typically a molar flow rate of between 2 and 8% of the molar production of gaseous oxygen, into the liquid oxygen bath has little disturbance to the distillation and very little effect on the energy consumption to maintain the required gaseous oxygen content, the latter being impure, i.e. with a purity of less than 98.5%, or even 96% mol O2.
- the vaporizer will operate close to its nominal capacity (i.e., with an acceptable pressure in the first column). However, according to the invention, it is recommended to follow the procedure described below from steps i) to x) to have a single, consistent startup program, regardless of the device temperature and the cryogenic liquid levels in the device.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Description Description
Titre de l’invention : Procédé de démarrage d’un appareil de séparation d’air par distillation cryogénique Title of the invention: Method for starting an air separation device by cryogenic distillation
La présente invention est relative à un procédé de démarrage d’un appareil de séparation d’air par distillation cryogénique. L’appareil de séparation comprend une première colonne opérant à une première pression appelée moyenne pression et une deuxième colonne opérant à une deuxième pression, plus basse que la première pression, appelée basse pression. La tête de la première colonne est reliée thermiquement avec la cuve de la deuxième colonne. The present invention relates to a method for starting up an air separation apparatus by cryogenic distillation. The separation apparatus comprises a first column operating at a first pressure, called medium pressure, and a second column operating at a second pressure, lower than the first pressure, called low pressure. The head of the first column is thermally connected to the vessel of the second column.
Les colonnes peuvent être disposées avec la deuxième colonne au-dessus de la première colonne ou sinon les deux colonnes peuvent être côte à côte. Les colonnes se trouvent à l’intérieur d’une enceinte isolée thermiquement qui s’appelle une boîte froide. The columns can be arranged with the second column above the first, or alternatively, the two columns can be side by side. The columns are located inside a thermally insulated enclosure called a cold box.
Un but de l’invention est d’avoir un démarrage automatique rapide quel que soit l’état de départ de température de la boite froide et des niveaux de liquide d’un appareil de séparation d’air contenant les colonnes de distillation. One aim of the invention is to have a rapid automatic start regardless of the starting temperature of the cold box and the liquid levels of an air separation device containing the distillation columns.
Un autre but de l’invention est de pouvoir démarrer l’appareil en utilisant un rajout d’azote liquide directement dans la colonne en utilisant une tuyauterie entre le stockage et la colonne prévue pour un envoi d’oxygène liquide. Another objective of the invention is to be able to start the device by adding liquid nitrogen directly into the column using piping between the storage and the column intended for sending liquid oxygen.
Il est connu de rajouter de l’azote liquide à une colonne de séparation d’air par distillation cryogénique. Dans le cas d’une double colonne, l’azote est rajouté en tête de la colonne basse pression (SU832273) ou en tête de la colonne moyenne pression (FR2578532). L’azote liquide est généralement envoyé en tête de la colonne basse pression, au même niveau que le liquide pauvre supérieur, qui a une teneur proche. It is known to add liquid nitrogen to a cryogenic distillation air separation column. In the case of a double column, the nitrogen is added at the top of the low-pressure column (SU832273) or at the top of the medium-pressure column (FR2578532). The liquid nitrogen is generally introduced at the top of the low-pressure column, at the same level as the upper lean liquid, which has a similar concentration.
Lorsque l’azote liquide est utilisé en continue pour le maintien en froid (par exemple si la turbine est en panne), cela permet de ne pas perturber la distillation de la colonne basse pression. When liquid nitrogen is used continuously for cooling (for example if the turbine is out of order), this prevents disruption to the distillation of the low-pressure column.
Dans certains cas, de l’oxygène liquide est envoyé en cuve de la colonne basse pression d’une source externe (US4732595, FR1169625, US3039274). In some cases, liquid oxygen is sent into the tank of the low-pressure column from an external source (US4732595, FR1169625, US3039274).
Certains procédés prévoient d’usage d’oxygène liquide et d’azote liquide de sources externes, or les deux liquides sont envoyés à des endroits différents dans la colonne correspondant à leur teneurs (FR2699992, US4853015). Selon l’invention, de l’azote liquide d’une source externe est envoyé en cuve de la colonne basse pression, sous le vaporiseur. Ainsi l’azote liquide est envoyé à un endroit où, en opération stable, s’accumule de l’oxygène liquide. Some processes involve the use of liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen from external sources, but the two liquids are sent to different locations in the column corresponding to their contents (FR2699992, US4853015). According to the invention, liquid nitrogen from an external source is sent to the tank of the low-pressure column, below the vaporizer. Thus, the liquid nitrogen is sent to a location where, under stable operating conditions, liquid oxygen accumulates.
Lors de la séquence de démarrage, on démarre d’abord le compresseur d’air principal pour envoyer de l’air à la colonne basse pression, avant de commencer l’envoi d’azote liquide en cuve de colonne basse pression. During the start-up sequence, the main air compressor is started first to send air to the low-pressure column, before starting to send liquid nitrogen into the low-pressure column tank.
Si on commençait le démarrage par le rajout d’azote liquide d’une source extérieure et donc si on alimentait le vaporiseur de cuve de la colonne basse pression (deuxième colonne) avec uniquement de l’azote liquide, le vaporiseur fonctionnerait complètement en dehors de sa plage d’opération lors du démarrage du compresseur d’air alimentant la colonne moyenne pression (première colonne) puisque la teneur du liquide qui l’entoure n’est pas celle de l’opération stable. La pression résultant dans la colonne moyenne pression serait une pression très basse (éventuellement inférieure à celle prévue pour la colonne basse pression) et un très grand débit d’air et ensuite d’azote serait condensé dans le vaporiseur. Il deviendrait donc impossible de démarrer l’appareil, en particulier à cause de l’insuffisance de pression pour remonter les liquides de reflux depuis la colonne moyenne pression vers la colonne basse pression. If the startup process were initiated by adding liquid nitrogen from an external source, and thus supplying the tank vaporizer of the low-pressure column (second column) solely with liquid nitrogen, the vaporizer would operate completely outside its operating range when the air compressor supplying the medium-pressure column (first column) started. This is because the surrounding liquid concentration is not that of the stable operating range. The resulting pressure in the medium-pressure column would be very low (possibly lower than that intended for the low-pressure column), and a very high flow rate of air, and subsequently nitrogen, would condense in the vaporizer. It would therefore become impossible to start the apparatus, particularly due to insufficient pressure to pump the reflux liquids from the medium-pressure column back to the low-pressure column.
Selon l’invention, dans une des variantes, on commence par démarrer le compresseur d’air envoyant de l’air gazeux à la colonne bassepression. Le compresseur d’air va se placer en haut de sa courbe de fonctionnement (pression haute maximale et débit un peu réduit) et sa régulation va mettre à l'atmosphère l'air non utilisé, sans passer par la colonne. Puis on va envoyer de l'azote liquide vers le vaporiseur de cuve vers la colonne basse pression, qui va finir par faire un petit niveau de liquide autour du vaporiseur de cuve de la colonne basse pression et amorcer le vaporiseur, d'abord sur un faible débit et surtout en maintenant la pression de la colonne moyenne pression. On peut faire remonter les liquides depuis la colonne moyenne pression et commencer à distiller. Donc au fur et à mesure, on enrichit le bain en oxygène : petit à petit, le niveau va monter tout en continuant l'enrichissement du bain et quand le niveau est à 100% de submergence, le bain de liquide aura une teneur assez proche de la teneur nominale en oxygène, donc la machine sera proche de son nominale. On arrive ainsi à démarrer sans échec. Selon un objet de l’invention, il est prévu un procédé de démarrage d’un appareil de séparation d’air par distillation cryogénique pour la production d’oxygène gazeux, l’appareil comprenant une première colonne opérant à une première pression et une deuxième colonne opérant à une deuxième pression inférieure à la première pression, la deuxième colonne ayant un vaporiseur de cuve, relié pour être réchauffé par un gaz enrichi en azote provenant de la première colonne, un échangeur de chaleur, une unité d’épuration et des moyens pour sortir un fluide enrichi en oxygène en cuve de la deuxième colonne reliés à l’échangeur de chaleur pour assurer le réchauffement du fluide enrichi en oxygène pour servir comme produit dans lequel en fonctionnement normal, on comprime de l’air dans un compresseur, on l’épure en eau et en dioxyde de carbone dans l’unité d’épuration à une pression substantiellement égale à la première ou à la deuxième pression, on le refroidit et on l’envoie au moins en partie à la première colonne, on envoie un liquide enrichi en oxygène de la première colonne à la deuxième colonne et on soutire un gaz enrichi en oxygène de la partie inférieure de la deuxième colonne comme produit d’oxygène gazeux ou un liquide enrichi en oxygène de la partie inférieure de la deuxième colonne qui se vaporise contre l’air qui se refroidit pour former le produit d’oxygène gazeux et pour démarrer l’appareil, alors que l’appareil se trouve à une température au-dessus de 0°C ou en dessous de 0°C, on envoie d’abord de l’air épuré à la deuxième colonne, de préférence à la deuxième colonne mais pas à la première colonne, et ensuite on envoie de l’azote liquide d’une source extérieure en dessous du vaporiseur. According to the invention, in one of the embodiments, the process begins by starting the air compressor, which sends gaseous air to the low-pressure column. The air compressor will reach the top of its operating curve (maximum high pressure and slightly reduced flow rate), and its regulator will vent the unused air to the atmosphere, bypassing the column. Liquid nitrogen will then be sent to the tank vaporizer in the low-pressure column. This will eventually create a small liquid level around the tank vaporizer of the low-pressure column and prime the vaporizer, initially at a low flow rate and primarily by maintaining the pressure of the medium-pressure column. The liquids can then be drawn up from the medium-pressure column, and distillation can begin. Thus, the bath is progressively enriched with oxygen: little by little, the level will rise while the bath continues to be enriched, and when the level reaches 100% submersion, the liquid bath will have an oxygen content quite close to the nominal level, meaning the machine will be operating close to its nominal capacity. This allows us to start without failure. According to one aspect of the invention, a method is provided for starting an air separation apparatus by cryogenic distillation for the production of gaseous oxygen. The apparatus comprises a first column operating at a first pressure and a second column operating at a second pressure lower than the first. The second column has a tank vaporizer connected to be heated by a nitrogen-enriched gas from the first column. It also includes a heat exchanger, a scrubbing unit, and means for delivering an oxygen-enriched fluid from the tank of the second column, connected to the heat exchanger to ensure the heating of the oxygen-enriched fluid for use as a product. In normal operation, air is compressed in a compressor, scrubbed into water and carbon dioxide in the scrubbing unit at a pressure substantially equal to the first or second pressure, cooled, and sent at least partially to the first column. An oxygen-enriched liquid is then sent from the first column to the second column, and the remaining oxygen is withdrawn. an oxygen-enriched gas from the lower part of the second column as a gaseous oxygen product or an oxygen-enriched liquid from the lower part of the second column which vaporizes against the air which cools to form the gaseous oxygen product and to start the apparatus, while the apparatus is at a temperature above 0°C or below 0°C, purified air is first sent to the second column, preferably to the second column but not to the first column, and then liquid nitrogen is sent from an external source below the vaporizer.
Selon d’autres objets facultatifs : According to other optional objects:
• on envoie de l’azote liquide d’une source extérieure en dessous du vaporiseur après le démarrage du compresseur. • Liquid nitrogen is sent from an external source below the vaporizer after the compressor has started.
• on arrête d’envoyer de l’azote liquide en dessous du vaporiseur une fois que le niveau de liquide autour du vaporiseur a augmenté jusqu’à atteindre un seuil et après que le seuil est atteint ,on démarre une turbine d’air alimentée par de l’air comprimé dans le compresseur et épuré pour maintenir le procédé en froid. • We stop sending liquid nitrogen below the vaporizer once the liquid level around the vaporizer has increased to reach a threshold and after the threshold is reached, we start an air turbine powered by compressed air in the compressor and purified to keep the process cold.
• on démarre une turbine d’air alimentée par de l’air comprimé dans le compresseur et épuré pour maintenir le procédé en froid avant ou pendant l’envoi d’azote liquide en dessous du vaporiseur • l’appareil à démarrer est à une température supérieure à 0°C. • An air turbine, powered by compressed and purified air from the compressor, is started to keep the process cool before or during the injection of liquid nitrogen below the vaporizer. • the device to be started is at a temperature above 0°C.
• l’appareil à démarrer est à une température inférieure à -100°C, voire à - 170°C. • the device to be started is at a temperature below -100°C, or even -170°C.
• un procédé de séparation d’air par distillation cryogénique comprenant une étape de démarrage tel que décrite ci-dessus et une étape d’opération stable dans lequel aucun débit d’azote liquide n’est envoyé à la deuxième colonne et le procédé est tenu au moins partiellement en froid par détente d’au moins un fluide destiné à ou provenant d’une des colonnes dans au moins une turbine. • a cryogenic distillation air separation process comprising a start-up step as described above and a stable operating step in which no flow of liquid nitrogen is sent to the second column and the process is kept at least partially cold by expansion of at least one fluid intended for or originating from one of the columns in at least one turbine.
• un procédé de séparation d’air par distillation cryogénique comprenant une étape de démarrage telle que décrite ci-dessus et une étape d’opération stable dans lequel l’azote liquide est envoyé à la deuxième colonne et éventuellement le procédé est également tenu en froid par détente d’au moins un fluide destiné à ou provenant d’une des colonnes dans au moins une turbine. • a cryogenic distillation air separation process comprising a start-up step as described above and a stable operating step in which liquid nitrogen is sent to the second column and optionally the process is also kept cold by expansion of at least one fluid intended for or from one of the columns in at least one turbine.
• le gaz enrichi en oxygène contient moins que 98.5% mol O2, voire moins que 96% mol O2. • the oxygen-enriched gas contains less than 98.5% mol O2, or even less than 96% mol O2.
• en opération normale, un premier compresseur comprime l’air jusqu’à la deuxième pression, l’épuration de l’air est effectuée substantiellement à la deuxième pression et une partie de l’air épuré est envoyée à un surpresseur qui comprime la partie de l’air épuré jusqu’à la première pression et l’air surpressé est envoyé en partie à la première colonne et une partie de l’air épurée à la deuxième pression est envoyée à la deuxième colonne et pendant le démarrage, le premier compresseur est démarré avant le surpresseur. • In normal operation, a first compressor compresses the air to the second pressure, the air is substantially purified at the second pressure and part of the purified air is sent to a blower which compresses the part of the purified air to the first pressure and the supercharged air is sent partly to the first column and part of the purified air at the second pressure is sent to the second column and during start-up, the first compressor is started before the blower.
• pendant le démarrage, l’envoi d’azote liquide en dessous du vaporiseur est déclenché après le démarrage du premier compresseur et du surpresseur. • During start-up, the sending of liquid nitrogen below the vaporizer is triggered after the start of the first compressor and the blower.
• pendant le démarrage, l’envoi d’azote liquide en dessous du vaporiseur est déclenché une fois que la première et la deuxième colonne sont alimentées en air. • During startup, the sending of liquid nitrogen below the vaporizer is triggered once the first and second columns are supplied with air.
• pendant le démarrage, un envoi de liquide de cuve de la première colonne vers la deuxième colonne est déclenché avant l’envoi d’azote liquide en cuve de la deuxième colonne • pendant le démarrage, de préférence uniquement pendant le démarrage, une partie de l’air épuré est envoyée régénérer l’unité d’épuration. • During startup, a transfer of liquid from the first column's tank to the second column is triggered before the transfer of liquid nitrogen to the second column's tank. • During startup, preferably only during startup, a portion of the purified air is sent to regenerate the purification unit.
• en opération normale un premier compresseur comprime l’air jusqu’à la première pression, l’air est épuré à la première pression, une partie de l’air à la première pression est envoyée à la première colonne et une partie de l’air à la première pression est détendu dans une turbine et envoyée à la deuxième colonne et pendant le démarrage, on démarre le premier compresseur avant de déclencher l’envoi d’azote liquide en dessous du vaporiseur. • In normal operation, a first compressor compresses the air to the first pressure, the air is purified at the first pressure, part of the air at the first pressure is sent to the first column and part of the air at the first pressure is expanded in a turbine and sent to the second column and during start-up, the first compressor is started before triggering the sending of liquid nitrogen below the vaporizer.
• le démarrage s’effectue alors que l’ensemble des équipement de l’appareil devant fonctionner à température cryogénique en fonctionnement normal sont à au moins 0°C. • the start-up takes place when all the equipment of the device which must operate at cryogenic temperature in normal operation is at least 0°C.
• le démarrage s’effectue alors que l’ensemble des équipement de l’appareil devant fonctionner à température cryogénique en fonctionnement normal sont à moins de -100°C. • the start-up takes place when all the equipment of the device which must operate at cryogenic temperature in normal operation is below -100°C.
La présente invention peut s’utiliser pour un démarrage dit à froid et un démarrage dit à chaud. Elle présente d’ailleurs l’avantage de comprendreles mêmes étapes que le démarrage soit à chaud ou à froid, ce qui simplifie l’automatisation. The present invention can be used for both cold and hot starts. It also has the advantage of comprising the same steps whether the start is hot or cold, which simplifies automation.
Suite à un arrêt de l’unité, on peut être dans deux grands états : Following a shutdown of the unit, one can be in one of two main states:
• Démarrage à chaud (au-dessus de 0°C) : suite à un dégivrage par exemple, l’ensemble des équipements de la boite froide sont à température ambiante • Warm start (above 0°C): following defrosting, for example, all the equipment in the cold box is at ambient temperature
• Démarrage à froid (en dessous de -100°C, voire en dessous de -170°C): suite à un arrêt court, l’ensemble des équipements sont à température cryogénique et on a parfois conservé une majorité des liquides cryogéniques, notamment en cuve des première et deuxième colonnes. • Cold start (below -100°C, or even below -170°C): following a short stop, all equipment is at cryogenic temperature and a majority of cryogenic liquids have sometimes been kept, particularly in the tanks of the first and second columns.
L’invention est décrite ci-après pourun appareil de séparation des gaz de l’air comprenant une première colonne opérant à une première pression et une deuxième colonne opérant à une deuxième pression, plus basse que la première pression, la cuve de la deuxième colonne étant thermiquement reliée à la cuve de la première colonne, l’appareil comprenant une épuration d’air à la deuxième pression, c’est-à-dire une basse pression, pour produire de l’oxygène impur soutiré sous forme gazeuse ou liquide (c’est à dire avec une pureté inférieure à 98.5% mol, voire inférieure à 96% mol O2). The invention is described below for an air separation apparatus comprising a first column operating at a first pressure and a second column operating at a second pressure, lower than the first pressure, the tank of the second column being thermally connected to the tank of the first column, the apparatus comprising air purification at the second pressure, i.e. a low pressure, to produce impure oxygen extracted in gaseous or liquid form (i.e. with a purity of less than 98.5% mol, or even less than 96% mol O2).
L’invention sera décrite de manière plus détaillée en se référant à la figure, dans laquelle : The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the figure, in which:
[FIG.1 ] représente un appareil de séparation des gaz de l’air avec épuration à la deuxième pression, capable d’être démarré selon un procédé de l’invention L’invention est décrite ci-après de manière plus détaillée en se référant à la [FIG.1 ] qui représente schématiquement un appareil avec épuration à la deuxième pression fonctionnant selon le procédé de l’invention. [FIG.1] represents an air gas separation apparatus with second pressure purification, capable of being started according to a process of the invention. The invention is described below in more detail with reference to [FIG.1] which schematically represents an apparatus with second pressure purification operating according to the process of the invention.
Un appareil de séparation des gaz de l’air comprend une première colonne 19 opérant à une première pression et une deuxième colonne 21 opérant à une deuxième pression, plus basse que la première pression, la cuve de la deuxième colonne étant thermiquement reliée à la cuve de la première colonne, avec une épuration à la deuxième pression, c’est-à-dire une basse pression, pour produire de l’oxygène impur (c’est à dire avec une pureté inférieure à 98.5% mol, voire inférieure à 96% mol 02). L’oxygène peut être soutiré sous forme gazeuse ou sinon sous forme liquide, étant ensuite vaporisé par échange de chaleur avec de l’air, éventuellement après pompage. Un vaporiseur 20 chauffé par de l’azote gazeux de la première colonne 19 chauffe la cuve de la deuxième colonne 21. An air separation apparatus comprises a first column 19 operating at a first pressure and a second column 21 operating at a second, lower pressure. The tank of the second column is thermally connected to the tank of the first column, with purification at the second pressure, i.e., a low pressure, to produce impure oxygen (i.e., with a purity of less than 98.5% mol, or even less than 96% mol O2). The oxygen can be withdrawn in gaseous form or, failing that, in liquid form, and is then vaporized by heat exchange with air, possibly after pumping. A vaporizer 20, heated by nitrogen gas from the first column 19, heats the tank of the second column 21.
En fonctionnement nominal (ou normal), l’air ambiant est filtré dans le filtre 1 , puis comprimé dans le compresseur 2 jusqu’à la deuxième pression, puis refroidi dans l’échangeur 3. Il est ensuite épuré dans l’épuration 4 à la deuxième pression. In nominal (or normal) operation, ambient air is filtered in filter 1, then compressed in compressor 2 to the second pressure, then cooled in exchanger 3. It is then purified in purification 4 to the second pressure.
Une partie de l’air épurée à la deuxième pression est envoyée directement dans l’échangeur 15, puis vers la deuxième colonne (colonne basse pression) 21 où elle est séparée, sans avoir été comprimée ou détendu en aval du compresseur 2. Part of the air purified at the second pressure is sent directly into the exchanger 15, then to the second column (low pressure column) 21 where it is separated, without having been compressed or expanded downstream of the compressor 2.
Une autre partie de l’air épurée à la deuxième pression est comprimée dans le compresseur s, puis refroidi dans l’échangeur 9, puis dans l’échangeur 15, puis est envoyée pour partie vers la turbine 10, l’autre partie étant envoyée se séparer dans la première colonne (colonne moyenne pression) 19. La partie détendue dans la turbine 10 est envoyée dans la deuxième colonne 21 sous forme gazeuse à un niveau intermédiaire pour être séparée. Le liquide riche en cuve de la première colonne 19 est refroidi dans le sous- refroidisseur 22, puis détendu dans la vanne 24 et ensuite envoyé dans une section intermédiaire de la deuxième colonne 21 . Another part of the purified air at the second pressure is compressed in the compressor s, then cooled in the exchanger 9, then in the exchanger 15, then is sent partly to the turbine 10, the other part being sent to separate in the first column (medium pressure column) 19. The part expanded in the turbine 10 is sent to the second column 21 in gaseous form at an intermediate level to be separated. The tank-rich liquid from the first column 19 is cooled in the sub-cooler 22, then expanded in the valve 24 and then sent to an intermediate section of the second column 21.
Le liquide pauvre en tête de la première colonne 19 est refroidi dans le sous- refroidisseur 22, puis détendu dans la vanne 23 et ensuite envoyé en tête de la deuxième colonne 21. The lean liquid at the top of the first column 19 is cooled in the sub-cooler 22, then expanded in the valve 23 and then sent to the top of the second column 21.
Le reflux de la première colonne 19 et le rebouillage de la deuxième colonne 21 sont assurés par le vaporiseur-condenseur 20. The reflux of the first column 19 and the reboiling of the second column 21 are ensured by the vaporizer-condenser 20.
On produit en cuve de la deuxième colonne 21 de l’oxygène gazeux qui est réchauffé dans l’échangeur 15, puis est vendu comme produit 40. Il s’agit d’oxygène impur (c’est à dire avec une pureté inférieure à 98.5% mol, voire inférieure à 96% mol 02). Oxygen gas is produced in the tank of the second column 21, which is heated in the exchanger 15, and then sold as product 40. This is impure oxygen (i.e. with a purity of less than 98.5% mol, or even less than 96% mol O2).
On produit en tête de la deuxième colonne 21 de l’azote résiduaire qui est réchauffé dans l’échangeur 22, puis l’échangeur 15. Une partie de l’azote résiduaire réchauffé est utilisée pour la régénération de l’épuration 4, en passant par le réchauffeur 6. Le reste est rejeté à l’atmosphère via la vanne 13. Il peut aussi être en partie vendu. At the top of the second column 21, residual nitrogen is produced which is heated in the exchanger 22, then the exchanger 15. Part of the heated residual nitrogen is used for the regeneration of the purification 4, passing through the heater 6. The rest is released into the atmosphere via the valve 13. It can also be partly sold.
Suite à un arrêt de l’unité, l’appareil peut être dans deux grands états, : Following a shutdown of the unit, the device can be in two main states:
• Démarrage à chaud (au-dessus de 0°C) : suite à un dégivrage par exemple, l’ensemble des équipements de la boite froide sont à température ambiante • Warm start (above 0°C): following defrosting, for example, all the equipment in the cold box is at ambient temperature
• Démarrage à froid (en dessous de -100°C , voire en dessous de -170°C): suite à un arrêt court, l’ensemble des équipements sont à température cryogénique et on a conservé une majorité des liquides cryogéniques, notamment en cuve des première et deuxième colonnes. • Cold start (below -100°C, or even below -170°C): following a short stop, all equipment is at cryogenic temperature and a majority of cryogenic liquids have been kept, particularly in the tanks of the first and second columns.
Dans la réalité, on peut se trouver dans tout un continuum entre ces deux états extrêmes. In reality, one can find oneself anywhere along a continuum between these two extreme states.
Par exemple, l’appareil peut se trouver à au plus -170°C mais ne contenant plus de liquide cryogénique. Après un arrêt d’au moins 48h, on doit purger les liquides cryogéniques pour des aspects de sécurité. For example, the device may be at a temperature as low as -170°C but no longer contain cryogenic fluid. After a shutdown of at least 48 hours, the cryogenic fluids must be purged for safety reasons.
Ou encore, après une panne d’une semaine, on peut ne plus avoir de liquide dans l’appareil cryogénique et avoir commencé à monter en température dans la boite froide par les entrées thermiques, par exemple pour avoir une température moyenne à -100°C ou -50°C si l’arrêt est bien plus long, sans forcément faire un dégivrage. Alternatively, after a week-long breakdown, the cryogenic device may run out of liquid and the temperature may have started to rise in the cold box through the thermal inlets, for example, to reach a certain temperature. average to -100°C or -50°C if the stop is much longer, without necessarily defrosting.
Le rajout d’azote liquide d’une source extérieure appelé « biberonnage » se fait à partie d’un stockage d’azote liquide 1 qui constitue une source externe. Le liquide de biberonnage passe à travers une vanne de détente et de régulation 2, puis est injecté sous le vaporiseur 4. L’avantage d’envoyer le liquide cryogénique sous le vaporiseur est de limiter le choc thermique ; si le vaporiseur est chaud, il va dans un premier temps être en contact avec du gaz froid, avant d’être en contact avec du liquide cryogénique. The addition of liquid nitrogen from an external source, called "feeding," is carried out from a liquid nitrogen storage tank 1, which constitutes the external source. The feed liquid passes through a pressure-reducing and regulating valve 2 and is then injected below the vaporizer 4. The advantage of injecting the cryogenic liquid below the vaporizer is to limit thermal shock; if the vaporizer is hot, it will initially come into contact with cold gas before coming into contact with the cryogenic liquid.
Le démarrage automatique d’un appareil du deuxième type est le même, quel que soit l’état initial de la boite froide, par exemple en termes de température et de liquides cryogéniques présents, et peut comprendre au moins certaines des étapes suivantes dans l’ordre cité sauf exception des étapes v) et vi) : i) Démarrage du compresseur d’air BP 2 et du système d’épuration de l’air 4, alors que le compresseur 8 n’est pas démarré et on n’envoie pas d’oxygène liquide ou d’azote liquide en cuve de la deuxième colonne 21 ou d’air à la première colonne 19. On utilise la vanne de contournement 5 pour envoyer une partie de l’air comprimé par le compresseur 2 jusqu’à la deuxième pression vers un circuit où circule en fonctionnement normal de l’azote résiduaire, de façon à avoir un débit de régénération pour l’épuration 4 qui circule pendant le démarrage, en passant par le réchauffeur 6. Un excès d’air provenant du circuit de contournement est mis à l’air via la vanne 13. L’autre partie de l’air comprimé par le compresseur 2 jusqu’à la deuxième pression est envoyée à travers l’échangeur 15 vers la deuxième colonne 21 . Aucun débit d’air n’est envoyé à la première colonne 19 et aucun liquide de biberonnage n’est envoyé dans la première ou la deuxième colonne 19, 21. ii) Démarrage du compresseur 8 et envoi d’air comprimé et épuré aux première et deuxième colonnes 19, 21 iii) Régulation en automatique de la remontée de liquide riche (liquide de cuve de la première colonne) depuis la première colonne vers la deuxième colonne, ouverture de la vanne de liquide pauvre (liquide de tête de la première colonne) jusqu’à sa valeur nominale iv) Régulation en automatique de la mise à l’air de la production oxygène 40 à son débit nominal v) Ouverture de la vanne 31 de biberonnage, vi) Démarrage de la turbine 10 vii) Quand le niveau de liquide en cuve de la première colonne 19 augmente jusqu’à un niveau nominal de liquide en cuve, viii) Fermeture de la vanne de biberonnage 31 lorsqu’un seuil, par exemple le niveau de submergence de 100%, supérieur au niveau nominal, est atteint par l’augmentation du niveau de liquide, sur le vaporiseur 20 ix) Mise en route de la purge du vaporiseur 20 et/ou de l’analyse des impuretés contenue dans le bain du vaporiseur 20 (cette analyse peut être fait directement par un dispositif branché sur le bain du vaporiseur 20, ou sur la purge ou encore sur la purge vaporisée de façon instantanée.) x) Mise en production oxygène lorsque la teneur requise est atteinte Les étapes v) et vi) peuvent être inversées ou simultanées. The automatic start-up of a device of the second type is the same, regardless of the initial state of the cold box, for example in terms of temperature and cryogenic liquids present, and may include at least some of the following steps in the order mentioned, with the exception of steps v) and vi): i) Start-up of the air compressor BP 2 and the air cleaning system 4, while the compressor 8 is not started and no liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen is sent to the tank of the second column 21 or air to the first column 19. The bypass valve 5 is used to send a portion of the air compressed by the compressor 2 to the second pressure to a circuit where residual nitrogen circulates during normal operation, so as to have a regeneration flow for the cleaning system 4 which circulates during start-up, passing through the heater 6. Excess air from the bypass circuit is vented to the atmosphere via the valve 13. The remaining air compressed by compressor 2 to the second pressure is sent through the heat exchanger 15 to the second column 21. No air is sent to the first column 19, and no formula is sent to the first or second columns 19, 21. ii) Start of compressor 8 and sending of compressed and purified air to the first and second columns 19, 21. iii) Automatic regulation of the return of rich liquid (tank liquid from the first column) from the first column to the second column, opening of the lean liquid valve (head liquid from the first column) to its nominal value. iv) Automatic regulation of the venting of the oxygen production unit 40 to its nominal flow rate. v) Opening of the feed valve 31, vi) Starting of the turbine 10 vii) When the liquid level in the tank of the first column 19 increases to a nominal liquid level in the tank, viii) Closing of the feed valve 31 when a threshold, for example the 100% submersion level, higher than the nominal level, is reached by the increase in the liquid level, on the vaporizer 20 ix) Starting the purge of the vaporizer 20 and/or the analysis of the impurities contained in the bath of the vaporizer 20 (this analysis can be done directly by a device connected to the bath of the vaporizer 20, or to the purge or even to the purge vaporized instantly.) x) Starting oxygen production when the required concentration is reached. Steps v) and vi) can be reversed or simultaneous.
En dehors d’un démarrage, la régulation de niveau du vaporiseur peut être assurée par la vanne de biberonnage d’azote liquide 31 en cas de défaillance de la turbine 10. L’envoi d’une petite quantité d’azote liquide, typiquement un débit molaire d’entre 2 et 8% de la production molaire d’oxygène gazeux, dans le bain d’oxygène liquide perturbe peu la distillation et affecte très faiblement la consommation d’énergie pour maintenir la teneur d’oxygène gazeux requise, celle-ci étant impure, c’est-à-dire avec une pureté inférieure à 98.5%, voire 96% mol 02. Apart from a start-up, the vaporizer level regulation can be ensured by the liquid nitrogen feed valve 31 in case of failure of the turbine 10. Sending a small quantity of liquid nitrogen, typically a molar flow rate of between 2 and 8% of the molar production of gaseous oxygen, into the liquid oxygen bath has little disturbance to the distillation and very little effect on the energy consumption to maintain the required gaseous oxygen content, the latter being impure, i.e. with a purity of less than 98.5%, or even 96% mol O2.
Si l’appareil est démarré à froid mais le niveau de liquide riche en oxygène autour du vaporiseur a été maintenu, il n’est pas strictement nécessaire de prendre des précautions décrites ci-dessus : le vaporiseur fonctionnera proche de son nominal (c’est-à-dire avec une pression acceptable de la première colonne). Toutefois, selon l’invention, il est recommandé de suivre la procédure décrite ci-dessous des étapes i) à x) pour avoir un seul et unique programme de démarrage, quelle que soit la température de l’appareil et quels que soient les niveaux de liquide cryogénique de l’appareil. If the device is started from cold but the oxygen-rich liquid level around the vaporizer has been maintained, it is not strictly necessary to take the precautions described above: the vaporizer will operate close to its nominal capacity (i.e., with an acceptable pressure in the first column). However, according to the invention, it is recommended to follow the procedure described below from steps i) to x) to have a single, consistent startup program, regardless of the device temperature and the cryogenic liquid levels in the device.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FRFR2407306 | 2024-07-04 | ||
| FR2407306A FR3164276A1 (en) | 2024-07-04 | 2024-07-04 | Method for starting an air separation device by cryogenic distillation |
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| WO2026008564A1 true WO2026008564A1 (en) | 2026-01-08 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| PCT/EP2025/068545 Pending WO2026008564A1 (en) | 2024-07-04 | 2025-06-30 | Method for starting a cryogenic distillation air separation unit |
| PCT/EP2025/069098 Pending WO2026008823A1 (en) | 2024-07-04 | 2025-07-04 | Method for starting up a cryogenic distillation air separation apparatus |
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| PCT/EP2025/069098 Pending WO2026008823A1 (en) | 2024-07-04 | 2025-07-04 | Method for starting up a cryogenic distillation air separation apparatus |
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| FR (1) | FR3164276A1 (en) |
| WO (2) | WO2026008564A1 (en) |
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| US20220074656A1 (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2022-03-10 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Apparatus and method for separating air by cryogenic distillation |
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| BE525287A (en) * | 1953-03-24 | 1900-01-01 | ||
| CN106091575B (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2018-08-28 | 浙江智海化工设备工程有限公司 | It is a kind of being matched in external compression space division expanded air bypass amount reduce device and reduce method |
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- 2025-07-04 WO PCT/EP2025/069098 patent/WO2026008823A1/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2026008823A1 (en) | 2026-01-08 |
| FR3164276A1 (en) | 2026-01-09 |
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