WO2026007635A1 - 已损坏筛管的防砂方法及防砂装置 - Google Patents

已损坏筛管的防砂方法及防砂装置

Info

Publication number
WO2026007635A1
WO2026007635A1 PCT/CN2025/100145 CN2025100145W WO2026007635A1 WO 2026007635 A1 WO2026007635 A1 WO 2026007635A1 CN 2025100145 W CN2025100145 W CN 2025100145W WO 2026007635 A1 WO2026007635 A1 WO 2026007635A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
support body
sand
point metal
support
cylinder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2025/100145
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘伟
查春青
张文耀
许朝辉
林子力
房超
范进朝
付加胜
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
China National Petroleum Corp
CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Co Ltd
Original Assignee
China National Petroleum Corp
CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by China National Petroleum Corp, CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Co Ltd filed Critical China National Petroleum Corp
Publication of WO2026007635A1 publication Critical patent/WO2026007635A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/02—Subsoil filtering
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/02—Subsoil filtering
    • E21B43/04—Gravelling of wells

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the field of sand control technology, and more specifically to a sand control method and device for damaged screen tubes.
  • Sand production in oil wells is a common problem in oil reservoir development, especially in the development of loose sandstone reservoirs.
  • Sand production in oil and gas wells greatly affects the exploitation operations of loose sandstone reservoirs. It can cause excessive wear and tear on downhole and surface equipment, leading to pump sticking, sand burial accidents, casing damage, wellbore collapse, and well abandonment.
  • screen pipe sand control is a relatively common sand control technique. Its mechanism involves forming a sand-blocking barrier using relevant equipment to prevent larger sand particles from entering the screen pipe and wellbore, thus achieving sand control.
  • the screen pipe operates continuously in sand-containing crude oil, enduring the erosion and wear of solid sand particles in the crude oil. Once the screen pipe malfunctions, it becomes extremely difficult to maintain efficient oil well production, and may even necessitate the shutdown of the well in later stages.
  • this invention provides a sand control method and device for damaged screens.
  • This invention provides a sand control method, comprising the following steps:
  • Step S1 Insert the support into the damaged screen tube and record the insertion depth of the support until the support is inserted above the damaged position of the screen tube.
  • Step S2 Lower the support cylinder containing the low melting point metal and the heating element until the support cylinder is located at a preset position above the support body;
  • Step S3 Start the heating element to heat the low melting point metal. After the low melting point metal melts, it falls onto the support and flows in the horizontal direction. The liquid low melting point metal passes through the screen tube and enters the formation, filling the gaps between the gravel layer and the sand layer. The solidified low melting point metal forms a metal sealing layer.
  • step S1 the support body is located below the support cylinder and connected to the support cylinder, and the support body and the support cylinder are lowered together into the damaged screen tube.
  • the support when the support is connected to the bearing cylinder, the support can detach from the bearing cylinder and sit on the inner wall of the damaged screen tube when the heating element is heated.
  • step S1 the support body is separated from the bearing cylinder, the support body is lowered through the first cable, the support body is lowered into the space above the damaged position of the screen tube and then seated, and the first cable is removed.
  • step S2 when the support body is separated from the bearing cylinder, in step S2, the bearing cylinder is lowered until it is located 20-50cm above the support body.
  • the present invention also provides a sand-prevention device, the sand-prevention device comprising:
  • the support structure is designed to support the damaged area of the screen tube.
  • the support cylinder can extend into the screen tube and is positioned above the support body at intervals.
  • the bottom of the support cylinder is provided with a low melting point metal block.
  • a heating element is disposed inside the support cylinder for heating the low-melting-point metal block. After being heated by the heating element, the low-melting-point metal block melts and flows out of the bottom of the support cylinder.
  • the low-melting-point metal block is arranged on the bottom outer periphery of the support cylinder by casting.
  • the heating element is inserted into the bearing cylinder, and the bottom end of the heating element extends downward out of the bearing cylinder.
  • the low melting point metal block is arranged on the outer periphery of the portion of the heating element that extends out of the bearing cylinder by casting.
  • the bottom of the support cylinder is provided with a storage space, in which the low-melting-point metal block is poured or stored.
  • the heating element is an electric heater or a chemical combustion agent.
  • a second cable is connected to the top of the support cylinder, the second cable including a pull rope and a power cable, the power cable being electrically connected to the heating element.
  • the sand-proof device further includes an initiator disposed inside the bearing cylinder, the initiator being located above the heating element and electrically connected to the heating element, and the cable being electrically connected to the initiator.
  • the top of the starter is also provided with a seal, which is used to isolate the starter from the external environment.
  • the bearing cylinder is separated from the support body, and the support body can be lowered to the top of the damaged position of the screen tube and then set.
  • the distance between the bottom end of the bearing cylinder and the top end of the support body is 20-50cm.
  • the support body and the bearing cylinder are connected by a traction rope, which can be heated and melted by the heating element. After the support body loses the traction of the traction rope, it can be seated above the damaged position of the screen tube.
  • the outer periphery of the seated support is formed with a sloping surface so that the support presents an arch shape.
  • the support includes:
  • a support cylinder is connected to the low-melting-point metal block
  • An elastic element is disposed inside the support cylinder, and the top of the elastic element is connected to the support cylinder;
  • a sliding member is disposed below the elastic member and slides in cooperation with the support cylinder.
  • the top of the sliding member is connected to the traction rope.
  • the elastic member applies a force to the sliding member away from the low melting point metal block.
  • the support member is hinged at one end to the support cylinder and at the other end to the sliding member.
  • the support member can expand outward as the sliding member moves away from the low melting point metal block.
  • the sand control method provided by this invention involves supporting the screen tube above the damaged location with a support body, lowering a bearing cylinder above the support body, and heating a low-melting-point metal with a heating element.
  • the melted low-melting-point metal falls onto the support body and flows horizontally.
  • the liquid low-melting-point metal passes through the screen tube and enters the formation, filling the gaps between the gravel and sand layers.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the sand control device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sand-prevention device described in the first embodiment of the present invention when it is lowered into the screen tube;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sand-proof device after use according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the sand-proof device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sand-prevention device according to the second embodiment of the present invention when it is lowered into the screen tube;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sand-proof device according to the second embodiment of the present invention when the support body is deployed after it is lowered into the screen tube;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sand-proof device after use according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Sand control using screen pipe 11 is a common method of sand control.
  • Screen pipe 11 is lowered into wellbore 1 to form a barrier, preventing larger sand particles from entering screen pipe 11 and wellbore 1, thereby achieving the purpose of sand control.
  • the outer periphery of screen pipe 11 is successively composed of gravel layer 12, sand layer 13 and oil layer 14.
  • the sand control method provided by the embodiments of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 When severe sand is detected on the surface, it can be determined that the downhole screen pipe 11 is damaged and ineffective. A support body 2 is lowered into the damaged screen pipe 11, and the lowering depth of the support body 2 is recorded until it reaches above the damaged location of the screen pipe 11.
  • Step S2 Lower the support cylinder 3, which carries the low melting point metal and the heating element 4, until the support cylinder 3 is located at a preset position above the support body 2.
  • the support body 2 and the carrier cylinder 3 can be lowered into the screen tube 11 sequentially; or, the support body 2 can be positioned below the carrier cylinder 3, and both the support body 2 and the carrier cylinder 3 can be lowered into the screen tube 11 together. Therefore, the lowering method of the support body 2 and the carrier cylinder 3 is not restricted and can be designed according to actual needs, but it must be ensured that the carrier cylinder 3 is located at a preset position above the support body 2.
  • Step S3 The heating element 4 is activated to heat the low melting point metal. After the low melting point metal melts, it falls onto the support 2 and flows horizontally. The liquid low melting point metal passes through the screen tube 11 and enters the formation, filling the gaps between the gravel layer 12 and the sand layer 13. The solidified low melting point metal forms a metal sealing layer 8.
  • the liquid low-melting-point metal moves both horizontally and vertically, but the movement is relatively small and does not affect the performance of the screen tube 11.
  • the liquid low-melting-point metal first enters the gravel layer 12 through the holes in the screen tube 11, then enters the sand layer 13, and some of the liquid low-melting-point metal flows into the oil layer 14.
  • the solidified low-melting-point metal forms a metal sealing layer 8.
  • the sand control method provided by this invention uses a support body 2 to support the damaged position of the screen pipe 11.
  • a bearing cylinder 3 is lowered above the support body 2.
  • a low-melting-point metal is heated by a heating element 4. After the low-melting-point metal melts, it falls onto the support body 2 and flows horizontally.
  • the liquid low-melting-point metal passes through the screen pipe 11 and enters the formation, filling the gaps between the gravel layer 12 and the sand layer 13. Then, taking advantage of the good sealing performance, corrosion resistance and phase transformation stability of the low-melting-point metal, a stable metal sealing layer 8 is formed, which greatly improves the sand control capability and can solidify the gravel layer 12 and the sand layer 13, preventing the flow of sand and gravel.
  • the sand control method provided in this application utilizes the fluidity and high density of liquid low-melting-point metal. Without dismantling the existing screen pipe 11, it flows under its own weight into the gaps between the gravel layer 12 and the sand layer 13, allowing the sealing liquid low-melting-point metal to flow into the gravel layer 12 outside the screen pipe 11, thus completing the metal sealing of the annulus between the screen pipe 11 and the external gravel layer 12. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for drilling rigs and large surface pump systems; a cable car system is sufficient for tool entry and repair work on the screen pipe 11. The resulting metal sand control layer 13 exhibits excellent sealing performance. This method is very simple to implement, has low operating costs, and a short construction period, providing a permanent and reliable sand control for damaged screen pipes 11 by forming a metal barrier.
  • step S1 as shown in Figures 4 to 7, the support body 2 is located below and connected to the support cylinder 3, and the support body 2 and the support cylinder 3 are lowered together into the damaged screen tube 11.
  • the support body 2 is connected to the bearing cylinder 3 to fix the distance between the support body 2 and the bearing cylinder 3. Then, the support body 2 and the bearing cylinder 3 are lowered into the screen tube 11 together, which makes it easier to control the distance between the support body 2 and the bearing cylinder 3.
  • the support 2 when the support 2 is connected to the carrier cylinder 3, the support 2 can detach from the carrier cylinder 3 and sit on the inner wall of the damaged screen tube 11 when the heating element 4 is heated.
  • the heating element 4 begins to heat.
  • the support 2 will detach from the bearing cylinder 3 as the heating element 4 heats up, and set on the inner wall of the screen tube 11.
  • the low-melting-point metal on the bearing cylinder 3 melts and falls onto the support, flowing horizontally.
  • the liquid low-melting-point metal passes through the screen tube 11 and enters the formation, filling the gaps between the gravel layer 12 and the sand layer 13.
  • the solidified low-melting-point metal forms a metal sealing layer 8.
  • the support body 2 is separated from the bearing cylinder 3.
  • the support body 2 is lowered via a first cable, and after it is lowered above the damaged position of the screen tube 11, it sets and is then removed.
  • the support body 2 is set and released by ground ignition or pressure injection from the oil pipe.
  • the specific setting method of the support body 2 is not limited and can be selected according to actual needs.
  • the setting of the support body 2 is a conventional technique in the art, and its structure and working principle are not described in detail here. This method of lowering the support body 2 is convenient and increases work efficiency.
  • the support 2 has a disc structure, and the size of the support 2 matches the cross-sectional size of the screen tube 11 so that the support 2 can be lowered into the screen tube 11.
  • the distance between the outer wall of the support 2 and the inner wall of the screen tube 11 is relatively small so that the support 2 can be seated on the inner wall of the screen tube 11 to ensure the positioning effect of the support 2.
  • the carrier cylinder 3 carries the low-melting-point metal and the heating element 4 is described below.
  • the carrier cylinder 3 is lowered, it is lowered until the carrier cylinder 3 is located 20-50 cm above the support body 2, so that the molten low-melting-point metal can fall onto the support body 2.
  • the present invention also provides a sand-prevention device, which includes a support body 2, a bearing cylinder 3, and a heating element 4.
  • the support body 2 can support the damaged area of the screen tube 11.
  • the bearing cylinder 3 can extend into the screen tube 11 and is positioned above the support body 2 at a distance.
  • the bottom of the bearing cylinder 3 is provided with a low melting point metal block 31.
  • the support body 2 and the bearing cylinder 3 can be designed as separate units, in which case the support body 2 and the bearing cylinder 3 are lowered into the screen tube 11 separately.
  • the support body 2 and the bearing cylinder 3 can be connected, in which case the support body 2 and the bearing cylinder 3 are lowered into the screen tube 11 together.
  • Heating element 4 is installed inside the support cylinder 3 to heat the low-melting-point metal block 31. After being heated by heating element 4, the low-melting-point metal block 31 melts and flows out of the bottom of the support cylinder 3. In use, the low-melting-point metal is heated by heating element 4. When the heating temperature exceeds the melting point of the low-melting-point metal block 31, the low-melting-point metal block 31 begins to melt. After melting, the low-melting-point metal falls onto the support body 2 and flows horizontally. The liquid low-melting-point metal passes through the screen pipe 11 and enters the formation, filling the gaps between the gravel layer 12 and the sand layer 13.
  • the sand control device After all the low-melting-point metal has melted, the sand control device is brought to the surface via the surface cable car system. After the temperature of the molten low-melting-point metal downhole drops below its melting point, the low-melting-point metal begins to solidify. The solidified low-melting-point metal forms a metal sealing layer 8, which separates the sand layer 13 and plays a role in sand control.
  • the sand control device utilizes the advantages of low-melting-point metals, such as excellent sealing performance, corrosion resistance, and phase transformation stability, to form a stable metal sealing layer 8.
  • the sand control capability is greatly improved. It can not only seal the damaged location of the screen pipe 11, but also solidify the sand and gravel, preventing its flow. This achieves a seal within the sand control screen pipe 11 and in the surrounding annulus, maintaining the ability to extract oil and gas resources above the sealed section.
  • the sand control device has a simple structure, a short overall operation cycle, simple construction, low cost, and a high sand control success rate.
  • the sand control device is used to implement the sand control method described above.
  • the low-melting-point metal block 31 is arranged on the bottom outer periphery of the support cylinder 3 by casting. In this design, the low-melting-point metal block 31 is formed on the bottom outer periphery of the support cylinder 3, which makes it easy for the molten low-melting-point metal block 31 to directly detach from the support cylinder 3 and fall onto the support body 2.
  • the heating element 4 is inserted into the bearing cylinder 3, and the bottom end of the heating element 4 extends downward out of the bearing cylinder 3.
  • the low melting point metal block 31 is arranged on the outer periphery of the part of the heating element 4 that extends out of the bearing cylinder 3 by casting.
  • the heating element 4 adopts a columnar structure and is coaxially arranged with the bearing cylinder 3.
  • a low melting point metal block 31 is cast on the outer periphery of the bottom end of the heating element 4, making the low melting point metal block 31 cylindrical.
  • the outer diameter of the low melting point metal block 31 is consistent with the outer diameter of the bearing cylinder 3, reducing space occupation and making the overall structure of the bearing cylinder 3 more compact.
  • the heating element 4 acts directly on the low melting point metal block 31, ensuring the heating effect of the low melting point metal block 31 and avoiding the phenomenon that the low melting point metal block 31 cannot melt.
  • This application utilizes the heat provided by the heating element 4 to transform the low-melting-point metal block 31 from a solid to a liquid state.
  • the low-melting-point metal block 31 exhibits good fluidity in its liquid state. Under its own gravity, the liquid metal flows through the screen tube 11 and enters the gaps in the sand and gravel. The molten metal solidifies, sealing the damaged areas of the screen tube 11 and solidifying the sand and gravel, thereby achieving a seal within and around the screen tube 11. Without damaging the existing screen tube 11, the liquid low-melting-point metal for sealing can be injected into the gravel-filled layer outside the screen tube 11.
  • the resulting metal sand-proof layer 13 has excellent sealing performance and corrosion resistance, significantly reducing the possibility of sand-proof failure while maintaining the oil and gas production capacity above the sealed section.
  • the bottom of the support cylinder 3 is provided with a storage space, in which a low-melting-point metal block 31 is poured or stored.
  • the bottom of the bearing cylinder 3 is provided with an annular storage space, and the low melting point metal block 31 is formed in the storage space by casting. At this time, the low melting point metal block 31 is in the shape of an annulus.
  • This design also facilitates the formation of the low-melting-point metal block 31, and the storage space can protect the low-melting-point metal block 31.
  • the bottom of the storage space is open, which makes it easy for the molten low-melting-point metal to flow out from the bottom of the storage space.
  • a support plate may be provided at the bottom of the support cylinder 3, and a support space is formed at the top of the support plate.
  • the low melting point metal block 31 is placed on the top of the support plate.
  • the shape of the low melting point metal block 31 is not limited and can be designed according to actual needs.
  • the bottom of the bearing cylinder 3 should have an opening to connect the storage space and the external environment so that the molten low melting point metal block 31 can flow out through the opening.
  • the heating element 4 is an electric heater that can continuously heat the low-melting-point metal block 31 to ensure that the low-melting-point metal block 31 remains in a liquid state so as to form the metal sealing layer 8.
  • the heating element 4 is a chemical propellant.
  • This chemical propellant is composed of multiple propellant blocks and a binder, ignited by the initiator 6.
  • the ignited chemical propellant reacts sequentially from top to bottom, with the binder acting to bind and maintain the continuous reaction.
  • the low-melting-point metal block 31 melts from the top, eventually spreading across the open space formed by the support 2 and the ground layer to form a metal sealing layer 8.
  • a second cable 5 is connected to the top of the support cylinder 3.
  • the second cable 5 includes a pull rope and an electrical cable, and the electrical cable is electrically connected to the heating element 4.
  • the pull rope is used to suspend the support cylinder 3, enabling it to be lowered into the screen tube 11 and maintaining its position within the screen tube 11.
  • the electrical cable is used for signal and power transmission, transmitting control signals and power from the ground to the heating element 4, specifically to the starter 6 described below, facilitating control of the heating element 4 to control the heating of the low-melting-point metal block 31.
  • the sand control device also includes an initiator 6 disposed within the support cylinder 3.
  • the initiator 6 is located above and electrically connected to the heating element 4, and a cable is electrically connected to the initiator 6.
  • the cable is connected to a ground-based control system, and the initiator 6 can generate a certain amount of starting energy to achieve remote ignition via ground control.
  • the cable is used for signal and power transmission, transmitting control signals and power from the ground to the starter 6.
  • the starter 6 then controls the activation of the heating element 4, achieving heating control of low-melting-point metals.
  • the starter 6 is a standard structure used to start and stop the components; its working principle is not described in detail here.
  • the starter 6 when the heating element 4 is a chemical propellant, the starter 6 generates a starting spark to ignite the propellant inside the heating element 4, thereby achieving combustion and heat release.
  • the chemical propellant can release a huge amount of heat, which is sufficient to quickly melt the low-melting-point metal block 31.
  • the starter 6 when the heating element 4 is an electric heater, the starter 6 will activate the resistance heating, which can continuously heat the molten low-melting-point metal block 31, maintain the fluidity of the liquid metal, and allow it to fully enter the formation and fill the gaps in the sand and gravel.
  • the bearing cylinder 3 of this application is a hollow stepped cylinder made of high-temperature resistant metal material, which has good thermal conductivity, high temperature resistance, and reliability for downhole operations.
  • the support cylinder 3 has a first part at its top and a second part at its bottom, with the diameter of the first part being smaller than that of the second part.
  • the first part has a first mounting hole
  • the second part has a second mounting hole, the diameter of which is larger than that of the first mounting hole.
  • the starter 6 has a columnar structure and is coaxially mounted within the first mounting hole.
  • the heating element 4 also has a columnar structure and is mounted within the second mounting hole. This design makes the support cylinder 3 more compact, reducing its volume and facilitating its insertion into the screen tube 11.
  • the top of the starter 6 is also provided with a seal 7, which is used to isolate the starter 6 from the external environment.
  • the starter 6 is coaxially disposed in the first mounting hole, and the top of the first mounting hole is open to allow the cable to pass through the bearing cylinder 3.
  • the seal 7 may be a sealing block disposed at the top of the first mounting hole.
  • the sealing block may be made of rubber, and the middle of the sealing block is provided with a through hole for the cable to pass through, so as to realize the cable passing through and the top sealing of the bearing cylinder 3.
  • the sealing block is screwed to the top of the first mounting hole.
  • the support cylinder 3 is separated from the support body 2.
  • the support body 2 can be lowered to the top of the damaged position of the screen tube 11 and then set.
  • the distance between the bottom end of the support cylinder 3 and the top end of the support body 2 is 20-50cm so that the molten low-melting-point metal can fall onto the support body 2.
  • the support 2 has a disc-like structure, and its dimensions match the cross-sectional dimensions of the screen tube 11, allowing the support 2 to be lowered into the screen tube 11.
  • the distance between the outer wall of the support 2 and the inner wall of the screen tube 11 is relatively small, facilitating the support 2 to be seated on the inner wall of the screen tube 11 and ensuring its positioning.
  • the support 2 is designed to be anchored to the inner wall of the screen tube 11.
  • the method of seating the support 2 is not limited and can be selected according to actual needs. Sealing the support 2 is a conventional technique in the art, and its structure and working principle are not described in detail here. This method of lowering the support 2 is convenient and increases work efficiency.
  • the support body 2 and the bearing cylinder 3 are connected by a traction rope 9.
  • the traction rope 9 can be heated and melted by the heating element 4, and the support body 2 can be seated above the damaged position of the screen tube 11 after losing the traction of the traction rope 9. It is understood that the traction rope 9 can be connected to the bearing cylinder 3 or to the heating element 4 on the bearing cylinder 3, and can be designed according to actual needs.
  • This design which uses both the support body 2 and the bearing cylinder 3 to be lowered into the screen tube 11, increases operational convenience. Furthermore, the support body 2 and the bearing cylinder 3 are connected by a traction rope 9. Before the heating element 4 heats and melts the low-melting-point metal block 31, the heat melts the traction rope 9, allowing the support body 2 to be seated above the damaged area of the screen tube 11. This eliminates the need to separately release the support body 2 to support it against the inner wall of the screen tube 11, further enhancing operational convenience.
  • the traction rope 9 is connected to the support cylinder 3 at a position close to the top of the heating element 4, so that the heating element 4 can preferentially melt the traction rope 9 when heating, ensuring that the support body 2 can be seated on the inner wall of the screen tube 11 before the low melting point metal block 31 melts.
  • the outer periphery of the set support 2 forms a sloping surface, giving the support 2 an arched shape.
  • This design allows the arched support 2 to guide the flow of molten low-melting-point metal, facilitating its outward expansion to form a metal sealing layer 8.
  • the arched support 2 enhances the lateral seepage tendency of the liquid metal. After cooling and solidification, due to the unique arched structure, the volume of excess low-melting-point metal within the wellbore is relatively small, significantly reducing the amount of metal used for sand control and saving material costs.
  • the support body 2 includes a support cylinder 21, an elastic element 22, a sliding element 23, and a support element 24.
  • the support cylinder 21 is connected to the low-melting-point metal block 31.
  • the connection method can be snap-fit or welding to ensure a strong connection. After the low-melting-point metal block 31 melts, the support cylinder 21 can be separated from the bearing cylinder 3.
  • An elastic element 22 is disposed inside the support cylinder 21, and the top of the elastic element 22 is connected to the support cylinder 21.
  • the elastic element 22 may include multiple springs.
  • the connection method between the elastic element 22 and the top of the support cylinder 21 is not limited. For example, it can be welded or a hook and loop can be provided on the top of the support cylinder 21. The design can be customized according to actual needs.
  • the sliding member 23 is located below the elastic member 22 and slides with the support cylinder 21 so that the sliding member 23 can move vertically relative to the support cylinder 21.
  • the top of the sliding member 23 is connected to the traction rope 9.
  • the elastic member 22 applies a force to the sliding member 23 away from the low melting point metal block 31, that is, the elastic member 22 applies a vertically downward force to the sliding member 23 so that the sliding member 23 can move downward after losing the restraining force of the traction rope 9.
  • One end of the support member 24 is hinged to the support cylinder 21, and the other end of the support member 24 is hinged to the slider 23.
  • the support member 24 can expand outward as the slider 23 moves away from the low melting point metal block 31.
  • the sand control device is lowered via a cable car system on the ground, supported by a support body 2 and a bearing cylinder 3.
  • the depth of descent is recorded during the lowering process.
  • the support body 2 is positioned below the bearing cylinder 3.
  • the support cylinder 21 is connected to a low-melting-point metal block 31.
  • the top of the sliding member 23 is connected to the top of the bearing cylinder 3 via a traction rope 9, and an elastic element 22 provides a downward force to the sliding member 23. At this time, the traction rope 9 is taut and pulls the sliding member 23.
  • the heating element 4 When the heating element 4 is activated, the temperature rises, and the traction rope 9 melts at high temperature. At this time, the low-melting-point metal block 31 is not melted.
  • the support cylinder 21 is connected to the low-melting-point metal block 31, and the support cylinder 21 still supports the elastic element 22. At this time, since the sliding element 23 loses the traction of the traction rope 9, the elastic potential energy of the elastic element 22 is released, which will push the sliding element 23 to move downward relative to the support cylinder 21.
  • the support element 24 expands outward along the direction away from the low-melting-point metal block 31 to support the inner wall of the screen tube 11, completing the setting and forming an arched sealing structure.
  • the low-melting-point metal block 31 melts from the top and eventually spreads in the open space formed by the support element 24 and the ground layer, forming a metal sealing layer 8.
  • the support 2 is easy to lower in this design, and can be seated and sealed simply by heating with the heating element 4.
  • the structure is ingenious and increases work efficiency.
  • the sliding member 23 is a sliding cylinder, the top end of which is connected to the bottom end of the traction rope 9, and the bottom end of the elastic member 22 acts on the top end of the sliding cylinder to provide a downward force to the sliding cylinder.
  • a limiting ring is provided on the outer periphery of the sliding cylinder, and the limiting ring is supported on the bottom of the support cylinder 21 to limit the position of the sliding cylinder.
  • a slip ring is provided on the outer periphery of the sliding cylinder, and one end of the support member 24 is hinged to the slip ring.
  • the sliding member 23 in this design has a simple structure and can ensure that it moves in the vertical direction.
  • the position of the sliding cylinder can be restricted by the limiting ring.
  • the convenience of connecting it with the support member 24 can be increased by setting the slip ring.
  • the support member 24 includes a first support body and a second support body.
  • One end of the first support body is hinged to the bottom end of the support cylinder 21, and the other end of the first support body is hinged to the end of the second support body.
  • the other end of the second support body is hinged to a slip ring.
  • the first support body includes a plurality of first support body bodies spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the support cylinder 21, and the second support body includes a plurality of second support body bodies spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the support cylinder 21.
  • the plurality of first support body bodies and the plurality of second support body bodies correspond one-to-one, and the corresponding first support body bodies and second support body bodies are hinged together.
  • the angle between the first support body body and the second support body body is an acute angle.
  • the slide cylinder loses the traction force of the traction rope 9, it moves downward under the action of the elastic member 22.
  • the second support body body will push the first support body body to expand outward, so that the connection between the first support body body and the second support body body expands outward to support the inner wall of the screen tube 11 to complete the setting.
  • there is a gap between the first support body and the second support body and some liquid cryogenic metal flows away through the gap.
  • the two adjacent first support bodies are connected by a high-temperature resistant elastic material to reduce the loss of liquid cryogenic metal and save material costs.
  • Low-melting-point metals have unique properties. To better adapt to different temperature and pressure environments downhole, multiple metal series are designed to suit different well temperatures, ensuring that low-melting-point metals have good density, corrosion resistance, and phase transformation stability.
  • the sand control device does not require any large ground equipment. After the sand control operation is completed, it can be lifted up via a ground cable car system. Only the chemical fuel and low-melting-point metal need to be replenished for repeated use. That is, except for the low-melting-point metal block 31 and the support body 2, the other tools can be recycled and reused, effectively reducing construction costs. Moreover, the sand control device can seal the damaged section of the screen pipe 11, solidify the sand and gravel outside the screen pipe 11, establish a long-term and effective sand control barrier, improve sand control efficiency, and reduce operating costs.

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  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及防砂技术领域，公开了一种已损坏筛管的防砂方法及防砂装置。该防砂方法包括以下步骤：在已损坏的筛管中下入支撑体；下入承载筒，直至承载筒位于支撑体上方的预设位置处；启动加热件加热低熔点金属，低熔点金属熔化后落入到支撑体上并沿着水平方向流动，液态低熔点金属穿过筛管进入地层，填满砾石层和砂层的缝隙，凝固后的低熔点金属形成金属封隔层，在低熔点金属凝固前，除了支撑体外的工具通过线缆上提。本发明提供的防砂方法利用低熔点金属具有良好的密封性、耐腐蚀性、相变稳定的优点形成稳定的金属封隔层，进而固化砾石层和砂层，阻止砂石的流动，进而实现筛管内以及筛管外部环空的密封，保持密封段以上油气资源开采的能力。

Description

已损坏筛管的防砂方法及防砂装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2024年07月01日提交的中国专利申请202410872221.1的权益，该申请的内容通过引用被合并于本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及防砂技术领域，具体地涉及一种已损坏筛管的防砂方法及防砂装置。
背景技术
油井出砂是油藏开发，尤其是疏松砂岩油藏开发过程中的常见问题之一。油气井出砂很大地影响着疏松砂岩油藏的开采作业，它不仅会引起井下和地面设备的过度磨损，造成卡泵、砂埋油层事故，还会造成套管损坏，引起井壁坍塌和油井报废。
据相关资料报道，全世界需要防砂的油井超过40％，随着油田进入特高含水开发期，这个比例每年还在不断递增。
随着油田的进一步开发，为满足其复杂性和多样性的要求，减少油井作业成本和修井费用，现在又相继研究开发出各种类型的滤砂管防砂、压裂防砂和过油管防砂等防砂工艺技术。目前防砂方法主要有化学防砂、机械防砂、压裂防砂和复合防砂四种。
其中，筛管防砂是现有的较为常见的防砂方式，其机理是通过相关装备形成挡砂屏障，不让较大的砂粒进入筛管和井筒，以达到防砂的目的。筛管作为过流部件长期工作在含砂原油中，承受原油中固体砂粒的冲蚀磨损。一旦筛管出现了问题，基本很难继续保持油井的高效的开采，甚至在后期需要被迫关井。
传统的筛管出现损坏后，通常采用更换损坏的筛管的方式来进行修补，而这种修补作业方式需要地面较为复杂的起下钻设备，使得其作业成本较高。对此，其中一种解决方式是采用对井下已损坏的筛管进行密封，使得损坏筛管的上端的油气资源继续开采，但是这种只能对套管内的空间进行密封，不能阻止套管外部环空内砂石的流动，影响油气资源开采能力。
可见，目前对井下已损坏的筛管的防砂方式存在影响油气开采能力的技术问题。
发明内容
为了解决目前对井下已损坏的筛管的防砂方式存在影响油气开采能力的技术问题，本发明提供了一种已损坏筛管的防砂方法及防砂装置。
本发明提供了一种防砂方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1，在已损坏的筛管中下入支撑体，并记录支撑体的下入深度，直至支撑体下入到筛管的已损坏位置处的上方；
步骤S2，下入携带有低熔点金属和加热件的承载筒，直至承载筒位于支撑体上方的预设位置处；
步骤S3，启动加热件加热低熔点金属，低熔点金属熔化后落入到支撑体上并沿着水平方向流动，液态低熔点金属穿过筛管进入地层，填满砾石层和砂层的缝隙，凝固后的低熔点金属形成金属封隔层；
其中，在低熔点金属凝固前，除了支撑体外的工具通过线缆上提。
可选地，在所述步骤S1中，支撑体位于承载筒的下方并与承载筒连接，支撑体与承载筒共同下入至已损坏的筛管内。
可选地，当支撑体与承载筒连接时，加热件加热时，支撑体能够脱离承载筒并坐封在已损坏的筛管的内壁。
可选地，在所述步骤S1中，支撑体与承载筒分离，通过第一线缆下放支撑体，支撑体下入到筛管的已损坏位置处的上方后坐封，起出第一线缆。
可选地，当支撑体与承载筒分离时，在所述步骤S2中，下入承载筒，直至承载筒位于支撑体上方20-50cm位置处。
本发明还提供了一种防砂装置，所述防砂装置包括：
支撑体，能够支撑在筛管的已损坏位置处的上方；
承载筒，能够伸入至筛管内，并间隔位于所述支撑体的上方，所述承载筒的底部设有低熔点金属块；
加热件，设置在所述承载筒内，用于加热所述低熔点金属块，所述低熔点金属块经所述加热件加热后熔化并能够流出所述承载筒的底部。
可选地，所述低熔点金属块通过浇注的方式布置在所述承载筒的底部外周。
可选地，所述加热件穿设在所述承载筒内，且所述加热件的底端向下伸出所述承载筒，所述低熔点金属块通过浇注的方式布置在所述加热件的伸出所述承载筒的部分的外周。
可选地，所述承载筒的底部设有存储空间，所述低熔点金属块浇注或存储在所述存储空间内。
可选地，所述加热件为电加热器或化学燃烧剂。
可选地，所述承载筒的顶部连接有第二线缆，所述第二线缆包括拉绳和电缆，所述电缆与所述加热件电连接。
可选地，所述防砂装置还包括设置在所述承载筒内的启动器，所述启动器位于所述加热件的上方并与所述加热件电连接，所述电缆与所述启动器电连接。
可选地，所述启动器的顶部还设有密封件，所述密封件用于隔断所述启动器与外部环境。
可选地，所述承载筒与所述支撑体分离设置，所述支撑体能够下放至筛管的已损坏位置处的上方后坐封，所述承载筒的底端与所述支撑体的顶端之间的距离为20-50cm。
可选地，所述支撑体与所述承载筒之间通过牵引绳连接，所述牵引绳能够被所述加热件加热熔断，所述支撑体失去所述牵引绳的牵引后能够坐封在筛管的已损坏位置处的上方。
可选地，坐封后的所述支撑体的外周形成斜坡面，以使得所述支撑体呈现拱顶状。
可选地，所述支撑体包括：
支撑筒，与所述低熔点金属块连接；
弹性件，设置在所述支撑筒的内部，所述弹性件的顶部与所述支撑筒连接；
滑动件，设置在所述弹性件的下方，并与所述支撑筒滑动配合，所述滑动件的顶部与所述牵引绳连接，所述弹性件为所述滑动件施加远离所述低熔点金属块方向的作用力；
支撑件，一端与所述支撑筒铰接连接，另一端与所述滑动件铰接连接，所述支撑件能够随着所述滑动件沿着远离所述低熔点金属块的方向移动而外扩。
本发明实施方式提供的技术方案与现有技术相比具有如下优点：
本发明提供的防砂方法通过支撑体支撑在筛管的已损坏位置处的上方，下入承载筒至支撑体的上方，通过加热件加热低熔点金属，低熔点金属熔化后落入到支撑体上并沿着水平方向流动，液态低熔点金属穿过筛管进入地层，填满砾石层和砂层的缝隙，进而利用低熔点金属具有良好的密封性、耐腐蚀性、相变稳定的优点形成稳定的金属封隔层，防砂能力大大提升，并能够固化砾石层和砂层，阻止砂石的流动，进而实现筛管内以及筛管外部环空的密封，保持密封段以上油气资源开采的能力。
附图说明
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分，示出了符合本发明的实施方式，并与说明书一起用于解释本发明的原理。
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，对于本领域普通技术人员而言，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明第一种实施方式所述防砂装置的结构示意图；
图2为本发明第一种实施方式所述防砂装置下入至筛管时的结构示意图；
图3为本发明第一种实施方式所述防砂装置使用后的结构示意图；
图4为本发明第二种实施方式所述防砂装置的结构示意图；
图5为本发明第二种实施方式所述防砂装置下入至筛管时的结构示意图；
图6为本发明第二种实施方式所述防砂装置下入至筛管后支撑体展开时的结构示意图；
图7为本发明第二种实施方式所述防砂装置使用后的结构示意图。
附图标记说明
1、井筒；11、筛管；12、砾石层；13、砂层；14、油层；2、支撑体；21、支
撑筒；22、弹性件；23、滑动件；24、支撑件；3、承载筒；31、低熔点金属块；4、加热件；5、第二线缆；6、启动器；7、密封件；8、金属封隔层；9、牵引绳。
具体实施方式
为了能够更清楚地理解本发明的上述目的、特征和优点，下面将对本发明的方案进行进一步描述。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本发明的实施方式及实施方式中的特征可以相互组合。
下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明，但本发明还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的方式来实施；显然，说明书中的实施方式只是本发明的一部分实施方式，而不是全部的实施方式。
筛管11防砂是一种常见的防砂方式，筛管11下入到井筒1内，以形成屏障，不让较大的砂粒进入筛管11和井筒1，以达到防砂的目的。其中，筛管11的外周依次是砾石层12、砂层13和油层14。
结合图1至图7所示，本发明实施方式提供的防砂方法包括以下步骤：
步骤S1，当在地面检测出砂较为严重，即可以判断是井下筛管11已经损坏失效。在已损坏的筛管11中下入支撑体2，并记录支撑体2的下入深度，直至支撑体2下入到筛管11的已损坏位置处的上方。
步骤S2，下入携带有低熔点金属和加热件4的承载筒3，直至承载筒3位于支撑体2上方的预设位置处。
可以理解的是，支撑体2与承载筒3可先后下入至筛管11内；或者，支撑体2设置在承载筒3的下方，支撑体2与承载筒3共同下入至筛管11内。可见，支撑体2与承载筒3的下入方式不受限制，可根据实际需求进行设计，但需确保承载筒3位于支撑体2上方的预设位置处。
步骤S3，启动加热件4加热低熔点金属，低熔点金属熔化后落入到支撑体2上并沿着水平方向流动，液态低熔点金属穿过筛管11进入地层，填满砾石层12和砂层13的缝隙，凝固后的低熔点金属形成金属封隔层8。
其中，液态低熔点金属除了沿着水平方向移动，还做竖直方向上的移动，但移动幅度相对较小，且不会影响筛管11的使用效果。液态低熔点金属在流动过程中，会先通过筛管11上的孔洞进入到砾石层12，再进入到砂层13，部分液态低熔点金属流入油层14，凝固后的低熔点金属形成金属封隔层8。
其中，在低熔点金属凝固前，除了支撑体2外的工具通过线缆上提。
本发明提供的防砂方法通过支撑体2支撑在筛管11的已损坏位置处的上方，下入承载筒3至支撑体2的上方，通过加热件4加热低熔点金属，低熔点金属熔化后落入到支撑体2上并沿着水平方向流动，液态低熔点金属穿过筛管11进入地层，填满砾石层12和砂层13的缝隙，进而利用低熔点金属具有良好的密封性、耐腐蚀性、相变稳定的优点形成稳定的金属封隔层8，防砂能力大大提升，并能够固化砾石层12和砂层13，阻止砂石的流动，进而实现筛管11内以及筛管11外部环空的密封，保持密封段以上油气资源开采的能力。此外，在完成防砂作业后，除了支撑体2外的工具均通过地面缆车系统上提，只需要重新补充化学燃烧剂和低熔点金属就能重复投入使用，进行下一次防砂作业，即除低熔点金属块31和支撑体2外，其余工具可回收反复使用，有效降低施工成本。
本申请提供的防砂方法利用液态低熔点金属的流动性、高密度，能够在不拆除现有的筛管11的基础下，凭借自身重力流入到砾石层12及砂层13的缝隙中，将封堵用的液体低熔点金属流入到筛管11外部的砾石层12，完成筛管11及外部的砾石层12环空内的金属封堵，另外也不需要钻机及地面大型泵系统，仅使用缆车系统就能实现工具下入和对筛管11的修复作业，所形成的金属防砂层13密封性能好。该方法的施工非常简单，作业成本较低，施工周期短，通过形成金属屏障的方式来对已损害筛管11的永久可靠的封堵防砂。
在一些实施方式中，在步骤S1中，结合图4至图7所示，支撑体2位于承载筒3的下方并与承载筒3连接，支撑体2与承载筒3共同下入至已损坏的筛管11内。
该种设方式下，支撑体2与承载筒3连接，以使得支撑体2与承载筒3之间的距离固定，再将支撑体2与承载筒3共同下入至筛管11内，便于支撑体2与承载筒3之间距离的把控。
在一些实施方式中，当支撑体2与承载筒3连接时，加热件4加热时，支撑体2能够脱离承载筒3并坐封在已损坏的筛管11的内壁。
该种设计方式下，当支撑体2与承载筒3移动到位后，加热件4开始加热，此时，支撑体2随着加热件4的加热将会脱离承载筒3，以坐封在筛管11的内壁，随着加热件4的继续加热，承载筒3上的低熔点金属融化并落入到支撑体上，并沿着水平方向流动，液态低熔点金属穿过筛管11进入地层，填满砾石层12和砂层13的缝隙，凝固后的低熔点金属形成金属封隔层8。其中，支撑体2与承载筒3的连接方式以及坐封方式在下文描述。
在一些实施方式中，结合图1至图3所示，支撑体2与承载筒3分离，通过第一线缆下放支撑体2，支撑体2下入到筛管11的已损坏位置处的上方后坐封，起出第一线缆。其中，支撑体2通过地面点火引爆或者从油管内打压实现支撑体2坐封和丢手。支撑体2具体坐封的方式不受限制，可根据实际需求进行选择，且支撑体2坐封为本领域的常规技术，在此未对其结构和工作原理做过多的描述。该种下放支撑体2的方式较为便利，增加工作效率。
在一些实施方式中，支撑体2呈圆盘结构，且支撑体2的尺寸与筛管11的截面尺寸相匹配，以使得支撑体2能够下入到筛管11内，且支撑体2的外壁与筛管11的内壁之间的间距相对较小，以便于支撑体2能够坐封在筛管11的内壁上，确保支撑体2的定位效果。
具体地，承载筒3携带低熔点金属和加热件4的方式在下文描述，下入承载筒3时，直至承载筒3位于支撑体2上方20-50cm位置处，以便于熔化后的低熔点金属能够落入到支撑体2上。
结合图1至图7所示，本发明还提供了一种防砂装置，该防砂装置包括支撑体2、承载筒3以及加热件4。
支撑体2能够支撑在筛管11的已损坏位置处的上方。承载筒3能够伸入至筛管11内，并间隔位于支撑体2的上方，承载筒3的底部设有低熔点金属块31。其中，支撑体2与承载筒3之间可采用分体式的设计方式，此时，支撑体2与承载筒3分别单独的下入至筛管11内。或者支撑体2与承载筒3之间连接，此时，支撑体2与承载筒3共同下入至筛管11内。
加热件4设置在承载筒3内，用于加热低熔点金属块31，低熔点金属块31经加热件4加热后熔化并能够流出承载筒3的底部。使用时，通过加热件4加热低熔点金属，当加热的温度超过低熔点金属块31的熔点后，低熔点金属块31开始融化，低熔点金属熔化后落入到支撑体2上并沿着水平方向流动，液态低熔点金属穿过筛管11进入地层，填满砾石层12和砂层13的缝隙。待所有的低熔点金属融化后，通过地面缆车系统将防砂装置起出至地面。待井下融化的低熔点金属温度降低至其熔点之下后，低熔点金属开始凝固，凝固后的低熔点金属形成金属封隔层8，将砂层13隔开，起到防砂的作用。
本申请提供的防砂装置利用低熔点金属具有良好的密封性、耐腐蚀性、相变稳定的优点形成稳定的金属封隔层8，相较于传统的筛管11修复技术，防砂能力大大提高，不仅能实现筛管11损坏位置的密封，还能固化砂石，阻止砂石的流动，进而实现防砂筛管11内以及筛管11外部环空的密封，保持密封段以上油气资源开采的能力。并且，防砂装置的结构简单，整个作业周期较短，施工简单，成本较低，防砂成功率高。
在一些实施方式中，该防砂装置用于实现上述的防砂方法。
在一些实施方式中，低熔点金属块31通过浇注的方式布置在承载筒3的底部外周。该种设计方式下的低熔点金属块31形成在承载筒3的底部外周，便于熔化后的低熔点金属块31直接脱离承载筒3，以落入到支撑体2上。
在一些实施方式中，如图1所示，加热件4穿设在承载筒3内，且加热件4的底端向下伸出承载筒3，低熔点金属块31通过浇注的方式布置在加热件4的伸出承载筒3的部分的外周。
具体地，加热件4采用柱状结构，且加热件4与承载筒3同轴设置，加热件4的底端外周浇注形成有低熔点金属块31，并使得低熔点金属块31呈圆柱状，低熔点金属块31的外径与承载筒3的外径一致，减少空间占用，使得承载筒3的整体结构更加紧凑。
该种方式下，使得加热件4直接作用在低熔点金属块31上，确保低熔点金属块31的加热效果，避免出现低熔点金属块31无法熔化的现象。
本申请通过加热件4提供的热量使得低熔点金属块31由固态转变为液态，低熔点金属块31在液态下具有较好的流动性，液态金属在自身重力作用下流过筛管11，进入砂石中的缝隙，待融化的金属凝固，能够密封筛管11损坏位置及固化砂石，进而实现筛管11内以及筛管11外部环空的密封。能够在不损坏现有的筛管11的基础上，将封堵用的液体低熔点金属注入到筛管11外部的砾石填充层，所形成的金属防砂层13具有良好的密封性、耐腐蚀性，防砂失效的可能性大大降低，同时保持密封段以上油气生产的能力。
在一些实施方式中，承载筒3的底部设有存储空间，低熔点金属块31浇注或存储在存储空间内。
具体地，在一些实施方式中，如图4所示，承载筒3的底部设有环状的存储空间，低熔点金属块31采用浇注的方式形成在存储空间内，此时，低熔点金属块31呈圆环状。
该种设计方式下，同样便于低熔点金属块31的形成，且存储空间可为低熔点金属块31起到保护作用，此外，存储空间的底部敞口，便于熔化后的低熔点金属从存储空间的底部流出。
在一些实施方式中，也可在承载筒3的底部设有承载板，承载板的顶部形成承载空间，将低熔点金属块31防止在承载板的顶部，此时，低熔点金属块31的形状不受限制，可根据实际需求进行设计。
该种设计方式下，无需采用浇注成型的方式制作低熔点金属块31，使得承载筒3的整体制作更加简单，此时，承载筒3的底部应具有开孔，开孔用于连通存储空间和外部环境，以使得熔化后的低熔点金属块31能够通过开孔流出。
在一些实施方式中，加热件4为电加热器，电加热器能够对低熔点金属块31进行持续加热，以确保低熔点金属块31持续呈液态流动，以能够形成金属封隔层8。
在一些实施方式中，加热件4为化学燃烧剂。其中，化学燃烧剂以多个药块和承接剂拼接组成，经下述的启动器6引燃，被引燃的化学燃烧剂自上而下逐个发生反应，承接剂起到粘连和保持反应连续进行的作用。低熔点金属块31从上端开始熔化，最终铺展在支撑体2和地层组成的敞口式空间，以形成金属封隔层8。
在一些实施方式中，承载筒3的顶部连接有第二线缆5，第二线缆5包括拉绳和电缆，电缆与加热件4电连接。其中，拉绳用于悬挂承载筒3，以能够将承载筒3下放到筛管11内，并保持承载筒3在筛管11内的位置。电缆用于信号和电能的传输，可以将地面的控制信号和电能传输到加热件4，具体可传输到下述的启动器6，便于对加热件4的控制，以实现低熔点金属块31加热的控制。
在一些实施方式中，防砂装置还包括设置在承载筒3内的启动器6，启动器6位于加热件4的上方并与加热件4电连接，电缆与启动器6电连接。其中电缆与地面的控制系统链接，启动器6能够产生一定的启动能量，通过地面控制实现远程点火。
该种设计方式下，电缆用于信号和电能的传输，可以将地面的控制信号和电能传输到启动器6，启动器6再控制加热件4的开启，实现低熔点金属的加热控制。其中，启动器6为用于开启部件启停的常设结构，在此未对其工作原理做过多的描述。
在一些实施方式中，当加热件4为化学燃烧剂时，启动器6会产生启动火花，用于引燃加热件4内部的燃烧剂，实现燃烧放热，化学燃烧剂能够释放巨大热量，足以快速熔化低熔点金属块31。
在一些实施方式中，当加热件4为电加热器时，启动器6会开启电阻的加热，可对已熔化低熔点金属块31进行持续加热，保持液相金属流动性，使其充分进入地层，填充砂石缝隙。
在一些实施方式中，本申请的承载筒3采用中空的阶梯圆柱状，由耐高温金属材料制成，具有良好的热传导性能、耐高温能力，和井下作业的可靠性。
其中，承载筒3的顶部位置处为承载筒3的第一部分，承载筒3的底部位置处为承载筒3的第二部分，第一部分的直径小于第二部分的直径。第一部分的内部设有第一安装孔，第二部分的内部设有第二安装孔，第二安装孔的直径大于第一安装孔的直径。启动器6呈柱状结构，启动器6同轴设置在第一安装孔内，加热件4也采用柱状结构，加热件4设置在第二安装孔内。该种设计方式下的承载筒3的结构更加紧凑，减少承载筒3的体积，便于承载筒3下入到筛管11内。
在一些实施方式中，启动器6的顶部还设有密封件7，密封件7用于隔断启动器6与外部环境。具体地，启动器6同轴设置在第一安装孔内，且为了便于电缆穿出承载筒3，第一安装孔的顶部敞开，以供电缆穿出。通过设置密封件7，能够避免在井下加热过程中，井筒1内的液体进入到加热件4内部，影响加热的过程。
在一些实施方式中，密封件7可为设置在第一安装孔顶端的密封块，密封块可采用橡胶材质，且密封块的中部设有可供电缆穿过的通孔，以实现电缆的穿出以及承载筒3的顶部密封，密封块和旋拧在第一安装孔的顶部。
在一些实施方式中，承载筒3与支撑体2分离设置，支撑体2能够下放至筛管11的已损坏位置处的上方后坐封，承载筒3的底端与支撑体2的顶端之间的距离为20-50cm，以便于熔化后的低熔点金属能够落入到支撑体2上。
在一些实施方式中，结合图1至图3所示，支撑体2呈圆盘结构，且支撑体2的尺寸与筛管11的截面尺寸相匹配，以使得支撑体2能够下入到筛管11内，且支撑体2的外壁与筛管11的内壁之间的间距相对较小，以便于支撑体2能够坐封在筛管11的内壁上，确保支撑体2的定位效果。支撑体2设置为能够通过锚定的方式支撑在筛管11的内壁上。其中，支撑体2坐封的方式不受限制，可根据实际需求进行选择，且支撑体2坐封为本领域的常规技术，在此未对其结构和工作原理做过多的描述。该种下放支撑体2的方式较为便利，增加工作效率。
在一些实施方式中，结合图4至图7所示，支撑体2与承载筒3之间通过牵引绳9连接，牵引绳9能够被加热件4加热熔断，支撑体2失去牵引绳9的牵引后能够坐封在筛管11的已损坏位置处的上方。可以理解的是，牵引绳9可以与承载筒3连接，或者与承载筒3上的加热件4连接，可根据实际需求进行设计。
该种设计方式下，采用支撑体2与承载筒3共同下入筛管11的方式能够增加操作的便利性。且支撑体2与承载筒3之间通过牵引绳9连接，加热件4在加热低熔点金属块31并使其融化前，热量先将牵引绳9熔断，使得支撑体2坐封在筛管11的已损坏位置处的上方，无需单独释放支撑体2使其支撑在筛管11的内壁上，进一步增加操作的便利性。
在一些实施方式中，牵引绳9与承载筒3连接的位置位于靠近加热件4顶部的位置处，进而使得加热件4在加热时，能够优先熔断牵引绳9，确保低熔点金属块31融化前，支撑体2能够坐封在筛管11的内壁上。
在一些实施方式中，坐封后的支撑体2的外周形成斜坡面，以使得支撑体2呈现拱顶状。该种设计方式下，拱顶状的支撑体2能够为融化后的低熔点金属的流动起到导向作用，便于低熔点金属外扩形成金属封隔层8。并且，拱顶状的支撑体2强化了液态金属侧向渗流趋势，在冷却凝固后，由于拱顶结构特殊性，井筒内多余的低熔点金属体积量较少，大大节省了用于防砂的金属用量，节省材料成本。
在一些实施方式中，结合图4至图7所示，支撑体2包括支撑筒21、弹性件22、滑动件23以及支撑件24。
支撑筒21与低熔点金属块31连接，其中，连接方式可为卡接或焊接连接等，确保连接的牢固程度，且在低熔点金属块31熔化后，支撑筒21能够与承载筒3分离。弹性件22设置在支撑筒21的内部，弹性件22的顶部与支撑筒21连接，其中，弹性件22可包括多个弹簧，弹性件22与支撑筒21顶部的连接方式不受限制，比如，焊接连接，或通过在支撑筒21的顶部设置钩环等，可根据实际需求进行设计。
滑动件23设置在弹性件22的下方，并与支撑筒21滑动配合，以使得滑动件23能够相对于支撑筒21在竖直方向移动，滑动件23的顶部与牵引绳9连接，弹性件22为滑动件23施加远离低熔点金属块31方向的作用力，即弹性件22为滑动件23施加竖直向下的作用力，以使得滑动件23失去牵引绳9的牵制力后，能够向下移动。
支撑件24的一端与支撑筒21铰接连接，支撑件24的另一端与滑动件23铰接连接，支撑件24能够随着滑动件23沿着远离低熔点金属块31的方向移动而外扩。
该种设计方式下的防砂装置在使用时，通过地面的缆车系统下方支撑体2和承载筒3，在下入的过程中，记录下入的深度，待防砂装置下入到出砂位置时，停止下入，并在地面固定缆车。支撑体2设置在承载筒3的下方，其中，支撑筒21与低熔点金属块31连接，滑动件23的顶部通过牵引绳9与承载筒3的顶部连接，并通过弹性件22为滑动件23提供向下的作用力，此时，牵引绳9处于拉直状态并牵引滑动件23。当加热件4启动后，温度升高，牵引绳9在高温下熔断，此时，低熔点金属块31未被融化，支撑筒21与低熔点金属块31连接，支撑筒21依然对弹性件22起到支撑作用，此时，由于滑动件23失去牵引绳9的牵引，弹性件22的弹性势能得到释放，将会推动滑动件23相对于支撑筒21向下移动，且随着支撑筒21的移动，支撑件24随着滑动件23沿着远离低熔点金属块31的方向移动而外扩，以支撑在筛管11的内壁上，完成坐封，并形成拱顶形的密封结构。随着加热件4的持续加热，低熔点金属块31从上端开始熔化，最终铺展在支撑件24和地层组成的敞口式空间，形成金属封隔层8。
该种设计方式下的支撑体2下放方便，且只需借助加热件4的加热即可实现坐封，结构巧妙，增加工作效率。
在一些实施方式中，如图4所示，滑动件23为滑筒，滑筒的顶端与牵引绳9的底端连接，且弹性件22的底端作用在滑筒的顶端，为滑筒提供向下的作用力，滑筒的外周设有限位环，限位环支撑在支撑筒21的底部，以限制滑筒的位置。滑筒的外周设有滑环，支撑件24的一端与滑环铰接连接。
该种设计方式下的滑动件23结构简单，且能够确保自身沿着竖直方向移动，并可通过限位环限制滑筒的位置，同时，通过设置滑环能够增加其与支撑件24连接的便利性。
在一些实施方式中，继续参照图4，支撑件24包括第一支撑体和第二支撑体，第一支撑体的一端与支撑筒21的底端铰接连接，第一支撑体的另一端与第二支撑体的端部铰接连接，第二支撑体的另一端与滑环铰接连接。具体地，第一支撑体包括沿着支撑筒21的周向方向间隔设置的多个第一支撑体本体，第二支撑体包括沿着支撑筒21的周向方向间隔设置的多个第二支撑体本体，多个第一支撑体本体与多个第二支撑体本体一一对应，且相对应的第一支撑体本体与第二支撑体本体之间铰接连接。且防砂装置处于下入状态时，第一支撑体本体与第二支撑体本体之间的夹角为锐角，坐封时，滑筒在失去牵引绳9的牵引力后，在弹性件22的作用下向下移动，此时，第二支撑体本体将推动第一支撑体本体外扩，以使得第一支撑体本体与第二支撑体本体的连接处外扩以支撑在筛管11的内壁上完成坐封。此时，第一支撑体本体与第二支撑体本体之间存在间隙，部分液态低温金属通过间隙流走，对此，在一些实施方式中，相邻的两个第一支撑体本体之间通过耐高温弹性材质连接，减少液态低温金属的流失，节省材料成本。
低熔点金属性质特殊，为更好的适应井下不同温度、压力环境，设计多套适应不同井温的金属系列，确保低熔点金属具有良好的致密性、耐腐蚀性、相变稳定性。
本申请提供的防砂装置不需要任何的地面大型设备，在完成防砂作业后，通过地面缆车系统上提，只需要重新补充化学燃烧剂和低熔点金属就能重复投入使用，进行下一次防砂作业，即除低熔点金属块31和支撑体2外，其余工具可回收反复使用，有效降低施工成本。且防砂装置能够密封筛管11受损段，固化筛管11外部砂石，建立长期有效的防砂屏障，提升防砂效率，降低作业成本。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如“第一”和“第二”等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上所述仅是本发明的具体实施方式，使本领域技术人员能够理解或实现本发明。对这些实施方式的多种修改对本领域的技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施方式中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所述的这些实施方式，而是要符合与本文所述发明的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种防砂方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    步骤S1，在已损坏的筛管(11)中下入支撑体(2)，并记录支撑体(2)的下入深度，直至支撑体(2)下入到筛管(11)的已损坏位置处的上方；
    步骤S2，下入携带有低熔点金属和加热件(4)的承载筒(3)，直至承载筒(3)位于支撑体(2)上方的预设位置处；
    步骤S3，启动加热件(4)加热低熔点金属，低熔点金属熔化后落入到支撑体(2)上并沿着水平方向流动，液态低熔点金属穿过筛管(11)进入地层，填满砾石层(12)和砂层(13)的缝隙，凝固后的低熔点金属形成金属封隔层(8)；
    其中，在低熔点金属凝固前，除了支撑体(2)外的工具通过线缆上提。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的防砂方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤S1中，支撑体(2)位于承载筒(3)的下方并与承载筒(3)连接，支撑体(2)与承载筒(3)共同下入至已损坏的筛管(11)内。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的防砂方法，其特征在于，当支撑体(2)与承载筒(3)连接时，加热件(4)加热时，支撑体(2)能够脱离承载筒(3)并坐封在已损坏的筛管(11)的内壁。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的防砂方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤S1中，支撑体(2)与承载筒(3)分离，通过第一线缆下放支撑体(2)，支撑体(2)下入到筛管(11)的已损坏位置处的上方后坐封，起出第一线缆。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的防砂方法，其特征在于，当支撑体(2)与承载筒(3)分离时，在所述步骤S2中，下入承载筒(3)，直至承载筒(3)位于支撑体(2)上方20-50cm位置处。
  6. 一种防砂装置，其特征在于，所述防砂装置包括：
    支撑体(2)，能够支撑在筛管(11)的已损坏位置处的上方；
    承载筒(3)，能够伸入至筛管(11)内，并间隔位于所述支撑体(2)的上方，所述承载筒(3)的底部设有低熔点金属块(31)；
    加热件(4)，设置在所述承载筒(3)内，用于加热所述低熔点金属块(31)，所述低熔点金属块(31)经所述加热件(4)加热后熔化并能够流出所述承载筒(3)的底部。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的防砂装置，其特征在于，所述低熔点金属块(31)通过浇注的方式布置在所述承载筒(3)的底部外周。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的防砂装置，其特征在于，所述加热件(4)穿设在所述承载筒(3)内，且所述加热件(4)的底端向下伸出所述承载筒(3)，所述低熔点金属块(31)通过浇注的方式布置在所述加热件(4)的伸出所述承载筒(3)的部分的外周。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的防砂装置，其特征在于，所述承载筒(3)的底部设有存储空间，所述低熔点金属块(31)浇注或存储在所述存储空间内。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的防砂装置，其特征在于，所述加热件(4)为电加热器或化学燃烧剂。
  11. 根据权利要求6所述的防砂装置，其特征在于，所述承载筒(3)的顶部连接有第二线缆(5)，所述第二线缆(5)包括拉绳和电缆，所述电缆与所述加热件(4)电连接。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的防砂装置，其特征在于，所述防砂装置还包括设置在所述承载筒(3)内的启动器(6)，所述启动器(6)位于所述加热件(4)的上方并与所述加热件(4)电连接，所述电缆与所述启动器(6)电连接。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的防砂装置，其特征在于，所述启动器(6)的顶部还设有密封件(7)，所述密封件(7)用于隔断所述启动器(6)与外部环境。
  14. 根据权利要求6所述的防砂装置，其特征在于，所述承载筒(3)与所述支撑体(2)分离设置，所述支撑体(2)能够下放至筛管(11)的已损坏位置处的上方后坐封，所述承载筒(3)的底端与所述支撑体(2)的顶端之间的距离为20-50cm。
  15. 根据权利要求6所述的防砂装置，其特征在于，所述支撑体(2)与所述承载筒(3)之间通过牵引绳(9)连接，所述牵引绳(9)能够被所述加热件(4)加热熔断，所述支撑体(2)失去所述牵引绳(9)的牵引后能够坐封在筛管(11)的已损坏位置处的上方。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的防砂装置，其特征在于，坐封后的所述支撑体(2)的外周形成斜坡面，以使得所述支撑体(2)呈现拱顶状。
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的防砂装置，其特征在于，所述支撑体(2)包括：
    支撑筒(21)，与所述低熔点金属块(31)连接；
    弹性件(22)，设置在所述支撑筒(21)的内部，所述弹性件(22)的顶部与所述支撑筒(21)连接；
    滑动件(23)，设置在所述弹性件(22)的下方，并与所述支撑筒(21)滑动配合，所述滑动件(23)的顶部与所述牵引绳(9)连接，所述弹性件(22)为所述滑动件(23)施加远离所述低熔点金属块(31)方向的作用力；
    支撑件(24)，一端与所述支撑筒(21)铰接连接，另一端与所述滑动件(23)铰接连接，所述支撑件(24)能够随着所述滑动件(23)沿着远离所述低熔点金属块(31)的方向移动而外扩。
PCT/CN2025/100145 2024-07-01 2025-06-10 已损坏筛管的防砂方法及防砂装置 Pending WO2026007635A1 (zh)

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CN117307088A (zh) * 2023-08-31 2023-12-29 北京工业大学 一种井下感应加热金属熔融封堵工具及方法

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US20150345250A1 (en) * 2013-12-19 2015-12-03 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Intervention tool for delivering self-assembling repair fluid
US20210355792A1 (en) * 2020-05-12 2021-11-18 Aarbakke Innovation As Retrofit fluid and gas permeable barrier for wellbore use
WO2022008355A1 (en) * 2020-07-07 2022-01-13 Interwell P&A As Thermite reaction charge, method for forming a threephased rock-to-rock well barrier, and a well barrier formed thereof
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