WO2026007458A1 - 电池单体、电池、用电装置及储能装置 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池、用电装置及储能装置

Info

Publication number
WO2026007458A1
WO2026007458A1 PCT/CN2025/082651 CN2025082651W WO2026007458A1 WO 2026007458 A1 WO2026007458 A1 WO 2026007458A1 CN 2025082651 W CN2025082651 W CN 2025082651W WO 2026007458 A1 WO2026007458 A1 WO 2026007458A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode assembly
battery cell
end cap
battery
along
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2025/082651
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周文林
聂显臻
陈威
郑于炼
王鹏
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Publication of WO2026007458A1 publication Critical patent/WO2026007458A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/14—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings for protecting against damage caused by external factors
    • H01M50/145—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings for protecting against damage caused by external factors for protecting against corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/166—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/471—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof
    • H01M50/474—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof characterised by their position inside the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/471—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof
    • H01M50/477—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof characterised by their shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/553—Terminals adapted for prismatic, pouch or rectangular cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to the field of battery technology, specifically to a battery cell, a battery, an electrical device, and an energy storage device.
  • New energy batteries are being used more and more widely in daily life and industry. For example, new energy vehicles equipped with batteries are already widely used. In addition, batteries are being used more and more in the field of energy storage.
  • a battery comprises at least one battery cell, which typically includes a housing with an opening, an electrode assembly housed within the housing, and an end cap sealing the opening. If foreign objects are present at the connection point between the end cap and the housing, the connection strength and sealing performance may be adversely affected. Therefore, reducing the likelihood of foreign objects entering the connection point between the end cap and the housing, thereby mitigating the risk of poor connection and sealing, is one of the research topics in the industry.
  • this disclosure provides a battery cell, battery, power-consuming device, and energy storage device that can reduce the risk of foreign objects such as diaphragms entering the connection between the end cap and the housing.
  • a battery cell comprising: a housing having a receiving space and an opening; an electrode assembly housed in the receiving space, the electrode assembly including electrodes and a separator stacked at least along a first direction, the electrode assembly having an end face on a side near the opening along a second direction, and the electrode assembly having first side faces opposite each other along the first direction; an end cap sealing the opening, the end cap including a main body and a protrusion connected to the main body, the protrusion protruding toward a side away from the electrode assembly along the second direction; a first electrode terminal disposed on the protrusion and electrically connected to the electrode assembly; and a protective member covering a portion of the end face and extending to at least one first side face, wherein, in the same projection plane perpendicular to the second direction, the protective member at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the main body, wherein the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular.
  • the first electrode terminal since the first electrode terminal is located on the protrusion and electrically connected to the electrode assembly, a portion of the structure of the first electrode terminal can be housed within the protrusion. This allows the main body to be closer to the electrode assembly relative to the protrusion, thereby helping to reduce the overall volume of the battery cell. Because the protective member and the main body's orthographic projection at least partially overlap in the same projection plane perpendicular to the second direction, the protective member can restrain the separator near the main body, reducing the possibility of the separator extending arbitrarily and decreasing the likelihood of the separator extending into the connection position of the end cap and housing. This helps to improve the connection strength between the end cap and housing, thereby enhancing the structural strength of the battery cell.
  • the protective member covers a portion of the end face and extends to the two first sides.
  • the diaphragm can be sealed by a single complete protective component extending from one first side across the end face to the other first side. This simplifies the operation and helps improve the processing efficiency of the battery cell.
  • the end cap has two protrusions, which are spaced apart along a third direction.
  • the battery cell also includes a second electrode terminal.
  • the first electrode terminal is located on one of the protrusions and is electrically connected to the electrode assembly.
  • the second electrode terminal is located on the other protrusion and is electrically connected to the electrode assembly.
  • the electrical connection between the first electrode terminal and the electrode assembly does not overlap with the projection of the protective member on the same projection plane.
  • the electrical connection between the second electrode terminal and the electrode assembly does not overlap with the projection of the protective member on the same projection plane.
  • the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.
  • the first electrode terminal is located on one protrusion and the second electrode terminal is located on another protrusion, with the two protrusions spaced apart, a portion of the structure of the first electrode terminal and a portion of the structure of the second electrode terminal can be housed in different protrusions. This reduces the risk of continuity between the first and second electrode terminals and allows the main body to be closer to the electrode assembly relative to the protrusions, thus helping to reduce the overall volume of the battery cell. Because the electrical connections between the first and second electrode terminals and the electrode assembly do not overlap with the projections of the protective component on the same projection plane along the second direction, the protective component does not obstruct the electrical connection between the electrode terminals and the electrode assembly.
  • the projections of the main body and the protective member on the same projection plane overlap, while the projections of the protrusion and the protective member on the same projection plane do not overlap.
  • the battery cell further includes a first insulating member disposed between the housing and the electrode assembly, and the first insulating member does not extend beyond the end face along the second direction.
  • the electrode assembly can be insulated from the housing, reducing the probability of accidental conduction. Since the first insulating member does not extend beyond the end face of the electrode assembly along the second direction, it is difficult for the first insulating member to extend into the connection position between the main body and the housing, which helps to improve the connection strength between the end cap and the housing, thereby improving the structural strength of the battery cell.
  • the first insulating member is difficult to extend into the connection point of the main body and the housing, which helps to improve the connection strength of the end cap and the housing, thereby improving the structural strength of the battery cell.
  • the first insulating member is bonded to the protective member by an adhesive sheet, the adhesive sheet being laminated over the first insulating member from the side opposite to the electrode assembly, and the portion of the adhesive sheet that does not overlap with the covered first insulating member is bonded to the protective member.
  • one part of the adhesive sheet adheres to the first insulating component, and the other part adheres to the protective component, thus fixing them relatively in place.
  • having the first insulating component and the protective component surround the electrode assembly helps improve the insulation performance of the electrode assembly.
  • the first insulating member includes a sheet-like insulating member, and along a direction perpendicular to the first insulating member, the projection of the first insulating member lies within the projection of the adhesive sheet in the same projection plane.
  • the first insulating element includes a sheet-like insulating element, it can tightly adhere to the electrode assembly and the housing, occupying less space and covering a larger area, thus providing good insulation between the electrode assembly and the housing. Since the projection of the first insulating element lies within the projection of the adhesive sheet along a direction perpendicular to the first insulating element, the adhesive sheet surrounds the entire surface of the first insulating sheet away from the electrode assembly. This surrounding adhesive sheet protects the first insulating sheet inside, helping to reduce the likelihood of breakage. Furthermore, the larger bonding area between the adhesive sheet and the first insulating sheet helps to improve the adhesive strength of the first insulating sheet.
  • a first adhesive layer is provided on the surface of the first insulating member facing the electrode assembly, a portion of the first insulating member is bonded to the electrode assembly through the first adhesive layer, and another portion of the first insulating member is bonded to the protective member through the first adhesive layer.
  • the first insulating component can fit tightly against the surface of the electrode assembly, which helps to improve the insulation effect of the electrode assembly relative to the housing.
  • the first insulating component fixes part of the protective component between the first insulating component and the electrode assembly through the first adhesive layer, eliminating the need for an additional adhesive layer to fix the protective component.
  • the structure is simple, which helps to simplify the processing steps and improve production efficiency.
  • the battery cell further includes a second insulating member disposed between the end cap and the electrode assembly, and along a second direction, the second insulating member abuts against the protective member from the side opposite to the electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly can be insulated from the end cap, reducing the probability of accidental conduction. Since the second insulating member abuts against the protective member from the side opposite to the electrode assembly along the second direction, the second insulating member can press the protective member to secure it. This, in turn, presses the protective member against the separator, making it difficult for the separator to extend into the connection between the end cap and the housing. This helps to improve the connection strength between the end cap and the housing, thereby improving the structural strength of the battery cell.
  • the second insulating element does not extend beyond the protective element along the first direction.
  • the dimension of the second insulating member in the first direction is smaller than the dimension of the opening in the first direction, reducing the probability of the second insulating member getting stuck in the housing. Furthermore, when the end cap with an uneven bottom extends into the housing from the opening, the second insulating member is not located on the extension path of the end cap and will not obstruct the extension of the end cap.
  • the end cap is provided with a liquid injection hole, and there is a flow channel between the end cap and the electrode assembly that communicates with the liquid injection hole.
  • the portion of the protective member disposed on the end face is provided with a first through hole that communicates with the flow channel.
  • the electrolyte can enter the flow channel from the injection hole.
  • the flow channel can guide at least a portion of the electrolyte to flow into the area inside the housing away from the injection hole, reducing the accumulation of electrolyte near the injection hole and expanding the flow range of the electrolyte within the housing, thus helping to improve the electrolyte penetration rate.
  • the protective component has a first through hole on its end face that communicates with the flow channel, the electrolyte wets the electrode and diaphragm through the first through hole, which helps to improve the wetting efficiency.
  • the battery cell further includes a second insulating member disposed between the end cap and the electrode assembly. Along a second direction, the second insulating member abuts against the protective member from the side opposite to the electrode assembly.
  • the side of the second insulating member facing the protective member has a first groove, which is open to the side facing the protective member and forms at least a portion of a flow channel.
  • the second insulating member abuts against the protective member from the side opposite to the electrode assembly along the second direction, the second insulating member can press the protective member to fix it, allowing the first through hole to maintain a stable connection with the flow channel, which helps maintain a stable wetting efficiency. Since the second insulating member has a first groove on the side facing the protective member, the electrolyte is guided by the first groove to the top of the protective member and enters the electrode assembly through the first through hole of the protective member, thus achieving electrolyte wetting of the electrode assembly.
  • the battery cell further includes a second insulating member disposed between the end cap and the electrode assembly.
  • the second insulating member abuts against the protective member from the side opposite to the electrode assembly.
  • the side of the second insulating member facing the end cap has a second groove, which is open on the side facing the end cap.
  • the second groove forms at least a portion of a flow channel.
  • the second groove has a second through hole, and the flow channel communicates with the first through hole through the second through hole.
  • the second insulating member abuts against the protective member from the side opposite to the electrode assembly along the second direction, the second insulating member can press the protective member to fix it, allowing the first through hole to maintain a stable connection relative to the flow channel, which helps maintain a stable wetting efficiency. Since the second insulating member has a second groove on the side facing the end cap, and a second through hole is formed in the second groove, the electrolyte is guided by the second groove to the top of the protective member, flows into the first through hole of the protective member through the second through hole, and enters the electrode assembly, thus achieving electrolyte wetting of the electrode assembly.
  • a plurality of first through holes are provided, and the first through holes are arranged along a third direction, wherein the first direction, the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.
  • the electrolyte can come into contact with more areas of the electrode assembly, which helps to uniformly wet the electrode assembly and improves the electrolyte injection efficiency.
  • the total area of the projection of all the first through holes accounts for 10% to 50% of the projected area of the electrode assembly.
  • the equivalent diameter of each first through hole is less than or equal to 15 mm.
  • a portion of the end cap is bent along a second direction to form a protrusion, a portion of the end cap extends into the housing and is connected to the inner circumferential surface of the housing, and the edge of the end cap abuts against and is connected to the end edge of the housing in the second direction.
  • the inner circumferential surface of the housing can limit the end cap, making it difficult for the end cap to shift in the first and third directions. Since the edge of the end cap abuts against and connects with the end edge of the housing in the second direction, the end edge of the housing in the second direction supports the end cap, restricting the displacement of the end cap relative to the housing in the second direction. This helps to reduce the gap between the end cap and the housing and helps to enhance the connection strength between the end cap and the housing.
  • the protective member has a second adhesive layer on the side facing the electrode assembly.
  • the protective component adheres the diaphragm to the end face, improving the connection position of the diaphragm extending into the end cap and the housing, which helps to improve the connection strength between the end cap and the housing, thereby improving the structural strength of the battery cell.
  • the protective element is made of insulating material.
  • the protrusion has a receiving cavity communicating with the receiving space on the side facing the electrode assembly in the second direction, and the tab electrically connected to the first electrode terminal is at least received in the receiving cavity.
  • the tab that is electrically connected to the first electrode terminal within the receiving cavity of the protrusion, it helps to bring the main body closer to the electrode assembly relative to the protrusion, thereby helping to reduce the overall volume of the battery cell and improve the volume utilization rate within the battery cell.
  • the battery cell includes a first electrode terminal and a second electrode terminal, and the end cap has a first protrusion and a second protrusion.
  • the first protrusion has a first receiving cavity
  • the second protrusion has a second receiving cavity. A portion of the first electrode terminal is located in the first receiving cavity, and a portion of the second electrode terminal is located in the second receiving cavity.
  • the two electrode terminals are respectively stored in relatively independent receiving cavities. This can reduce the risk of the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal being connected, and also help to make the main body closer to the electrode assembly relative to the protrusion, thereby helping to reduce the overall volume of the battery cell and improve the volume utilization rate within the battery cell.
  • embodiments of this disclosure also provide a battery, including a housing and at least two battery cells as described above.
  • the individual battery cells are arranged along a first direction, and in adjacent battery cells, the first electrode terminal of one battery cell is electrically connected to the first electrode terminal of another battery cell via a busbar.
  • At least one wall of the housing has a boss, which is formed by the housing wall protruding in a direction away from the battery cell.
  • the boss forms a receiving portion on the side facing the battery cell.
  • the projection of the protrusion does not exceed the projection of the boss, and the protrusion is at least partially received in the receiving portion.
  • embodiments of this disclosure also provide an electrical device, including a battery cell as described above, or a battery as described above, wherein the battery cell or battery supplies power to the electrical device.
  • the space allocated for batteries or individual battery cells in electrical devices can be reduced, or the overall energy of the battery can be increased without reducing the space. This helps to increase the flexibility in the arrangement of the battery and its surrounding structure, and thus helps to improve the device's battery life/standby capability.
  • embodiments of this disclosure also provide an energy storage device, including a battery cell as described above, or a battery as described above, wherein the battery cell or battery is used to store electrical energy and is capable of providing electrical energy.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present disclosure where the electrical device is a vehicle
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a battery provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a single battery cell provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an electrode assembly provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an electrode assembly provided in another embodiment of this disclosure.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a battery cell provided in another embodiment of this disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an electrode assembly provided in another embodiment of this disclosure.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a battery cell provided in another embodiment of this disclosure.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of an electrode assembly with a first through hole in the protective member according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 10 is a front view of a battery cell provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of A-A in Figure 10.
  • Figure 12 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of part B in Figure 11;
  • Figure 13 is a top view of a battery cell provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.
  • Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view of C-C in Figure 13;
  • Figure 15 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of part D in Figure 14;
  • Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of a second insulating member with a second groove provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of a battery with a boss provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the term "and/or” is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist.
  • a and/or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone.
  • the character "/" in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship.
  • the technical terms “length,” “width,” “thickness,” “upper,” “lower,” “front,” “rear,” “left,” “right,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” “top,” “bottom,” “inner,” “outer,” “circumferential,” etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this disclosure and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, operated, or used in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this disclosure.
  • contact should be interpreted broadly, and can be direct contact, contact through an intermediate medium layer, contact between two contacting parties with substantially no interaction force, or contact between two contacting parties with interaction force.
  • New energy batteries are being used more and more widely in daily life and industry. For example, new energy vehicles equipped with batteries are already widely used. In addition, batteries are being used more and more in the field of energy storage.
  • a battery includes at least one battery cell, which generally includes a housing with an opening, an electrode assembly housed within the housing, and an end cap sealing the opening. If a foreign object (such as a separator described below) is present at the connection point between the end cap and the housing, the connection strength and sealing performance of the end cap and housing may be adversely affected.
  • the electrode assembly typically includes positive and negative electrodes and a separator spaced between the positive and negative electrodes. To ensure that the electrodes are insulated from each other, the length of the separator generally exceeds that of the electrodes.
  • the portion of the separator protruding above the electrode may extend into the gap between the end cap and the housing, potentially affecting the sealing and connection strength of the end cap and housing. This is especially true for battery cells with protruding end caps. Since structures protruding from the electrode assembly surface (such as tabs) can be contained within these protrusions, the main body of the battery cell without protrusions can be positioned closer to the electrode assembly. This makes it extremely easy for the separator to extend into the connection between the main body and the housing, affecting the connection between the end cap and the housing and thus reducing the structural strength of the battery cell. Therefore, reducing the risk of the separator entering the connection between the end cap and the housing, and consequently reducing the separator's impact on the strength of the battery cell, is one of the industry's key challenges.
  • This disclosure provides a battery cell that can reduce the risk of the diaphragm entering the connection point between the end cap and the housing.
  • a battery cell comprising: a housing having a receiving space and an opening; an electrode assembly housed in the receiving space, the electrode assembly including at least electrode sheets and a separator stacked along a first direction, the electrode assembly having an end face on the side near the opening along a second direction, and the electrode assembly having first side faces opposite each other along the first direction; an end cap sealing the opening, the end cap including a main body and a protrusion connected to the main body, the protrusion protruding away from the electrode assembly along the second direction; a first electrode terminal disposed on the protrusion and electrically connected to the electrode assembly; and a protective member covering a portion of the end face and extending to at least one of the first side faces, and, in the same projection plane perpendicular to the second direction, the protective member at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the main body, wherein the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular.
  • the first electrode terminal Since the first electrode terminal is located on the protrusion and electrically connected to the electrode assembly, a portion of the structure of the first electrode terminal can be housed within the protrusion. This allows the main body to be closer to the electrode assembly relative to the protrusion, thereby helping to reduce the overall volume of the battery cell. Because the protective member and the main body's orthographic projection at least partially overlap in the same projection plane perpendicular to the second direction, the protective member can restrain the separator near the main body, reducing the possibility of the separator extending arbitrarily and decreasing the likelihood of the separator extending into the connection position of the end cap and housing. This helps to improve the connection strength between the end cap and housing, thereby enhancing the structural strength of the battery cell.
  • the battery cell involved in the embodiments of this disclosure can be a secondary battery.
  • a secondary battery refers to a battery cell that can be used again after being discharged by recharging to activate the active materials.
  • the battery cell can be a lithium-ion battery, sodium-ion battery, sodium-lithium-ion battery, lithium metal battery, sodium metal battery, lithium-sulfur battery, magnesium-ion battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, nickel-cadmium battery, lead-acid battery, etc., and the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited to this.
  • a battery cell typically includes an electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator (such as a membrane, as described below).
  • active ions such as lithium ions
  • the separator positioned between the positive and negative electrode sheets, prevents short circuits between the positive and negative electrodes while allowing active ions to pass through.
  • the positive electrode typically includes a positive current collector and a positive active material attached to the current collector.
  • the positive current collector may be aluminum foil.
  • the negative electrode typically includes a negative current collector and a negative active material attached to the current collector.
  • the negative current collector may be copper foil.
  • the electrode assembly has tabs that can conduct current from the electrode assembly.
  • the tabs include a positive tab and a negative tab.
  • the positive tab can be connected to a positive current collector, and the negative tab can be connected to a negative current collector.
  • the battery cell may include a housing.
  • the housing is used to encapsulate components such as electrode assemblies and electrolytes.
  • the housing may be made of steel, aluminum, plastic (such as polypropylene), composite metal (such as copper-aluminum composite), or aluminum-plastic film, etc.
  • the battery cell can be a cylindrical battery cell, a prismatic battery cell, a pouch battery cell, or a battery cell of other shapes.
  • Prismatic battery cells include prismatic battery cells, blade-shaped battery cells, and multi-prismatic batteries, such as hexagonal prismatic batteries. This disclosure does not impose any particular limitations.
  • the housing is provided with at least one electrode terminal, which is electrically connected to the tab.
  • the electrode terminal and the tab can be directly connected, or they can be connected via an adapter or the like.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of this disclosure may be a single physical module comprising one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the multiple battery cells are connected in series, parallel, or mixed via a busbar.
  • the battery can be a battery module, and when there are multiple battery cells, the multiple battery cells are arranged and fixed to form a battery module.
  • the battery can be a battery pack, which includes a housing and individual battery cells, with the individual battery cells or battery modules housed within the housing.
  • the housing may be part of the vehicle's chassis structure.
  • a portion of the housing may be at least a part of the vehicle's floor, or a portion of the housing may be at least a part of the vehicle's crossbeams and longitudinal beams.
  • individual battery cells or batteries can be used in energy storage devices.
  • Energy storage devices include energy storage containers, energy storage cabinets, etc.
  • the technical solutions described in this disclosure are applicable to various electrical devices that use battery cells or batteries, such as mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, electric vehicles, electric toys, power tools, vehicles, ships, and spacecraft.
  • spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft.
  • vehicle 1000 as an example of an embodiment of the electrical device disclosed herein.
  • FIG 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle 1000 provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.
  • the vehicle 1000 can be a gasoline-powered vehicle, a natural gas-powered vehicle, or a new energy vehicle. New energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, or range-extended electric vehicles, etc.
  • a battery 100 is disposed inside the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery 100 can be located at the bottom, front, or rear of the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery 100 can be used to power the vehicle 1000; for example, the battery 100 can serve as the operating power source for the vehicle 1000.
  • the vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300.
  • the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300, for example, to meet the power needs of the vehicle 1000 during startup, navigation, and driving.
  • the battery 100 can not only serve as the operating power source for the vehicle 1000, but also as the driving power source for the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a battery provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery cell provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an electrode assembly provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of an electrode assembly provided in another embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a battery cell provided in another embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of an electrode assembly provided in yet another embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a battery cell provided in yet another embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of an electrode assembly with a first through hole in the protective member provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 10 is a front view of a battery cell provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view along A-A in Figure 10
  • Figure 12 is a partially enlarged view of part B in Figure 11
  • Figure 13 is a top view of a battery cell provided
  • a battery cell 102 comprising: a housing 10 having a receiving space and an opening; an electrode assembly 12 housed in the receiving space, the electrode assembly 12 including electrodes and a separator stacked at least along a first direction X, and having an end face 121 on the side near the opening along a second direction Z, and having first side faces 122 facing each other along the first direction X; and an end cap 11 sealing the opening.
  • 1 includes a main body 111 and a protrusion 112 connected to the main body 111. The protrusion 112 protrudes in the second direction Z toward the side away from the electrode assembly 12.
  • a first electrode terminal 13 is disposed on the protrusion 112 and electrically connected to the electrode assembly 12.
  • a protective member 15 covers a portion of the end face 121 and extends to at least one first side face 122. In the same projection plane perpendicular to the second direction Z, the protective member 15 at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the main body 111, wherein the first direction X and the second direction Z are perpendicular.
  • the battery cell 102 includes a housing 10, an electrode assembly 12, an end cap 11, a first electrode terminal 13, and a protective component 15.
  • the electrode assembly 12 includes an electrode sheet and a diaphragm.
  • the diaphragm is tightly attached to and covers the surface of the electrode sheet, and the size of the diaphragm is slightly larger than the size of the electrode sheet.
  • the electrode assembly 12 can be manufactured using a lamination process or a winding process, and this disclosure does not impose any special limitations on the manufacturing process of the electrode assembly 12.
  • the electrode may include a positive electrode and a negative electrode.
  • the positive electrode may include a positive current collector and a positive active material disposed on at least one surface of the positive current collector.
  • the negative electrode may include a negative current collector.
  • the positive current collector has two surfaces opposite each other in its own thickness direction, and the positive active material is disposed on either or both of the two opposite surfaces of the positive current collector.
  • the positive electrode current collector can be a metal foil or a composite current collector.
  • a metal foil it can be aluminum or stainless steel with a silver surface treatment, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, nickel, carbon electrode, carbon, nickel, or titanium, etc.
  • Composite current collectors can include a polymer material base layer and a metal layer.
  • Composite current collectors can be formed by forming a metal material (aluminum, aluminum alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver and silver alloy, etc.) on a polymer material substrate (such as a substrate of polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyethylene, etc.).
  • the positive electrode active material may include at least one of the following materials: lithium phosphate, lithium transition metal oxide, and their respective modified compounds.
  • lithium phosphate include, but are not limited to, at least one of lithium iron phosphate (such as LiFePO4 (also referred to as LFP)), lithium iron phosphate and carbon composites, lithium manganese phosphate (such as LiMnPO4), lithium manganese phosphate and carbon composites, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium manganese iron phosphate and carbon composites.
  • the negative electrode current collector can be a metal foil, a foamed metal, or a composite current collector.
  • a metal foil it can be silver-treated aluminum or stainless steel, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, nickel, carbon electrodes, carbon, nickel, or titanium, etc.
  • Composite current collectors can include a polymer material base layer and a metal layer. Foamed metal can be foamed nickel, foamed copper, foamed aluminum, foamed alloy, or foamed carbon, etc.
  • Composite current collectors can be formed by forming a metal material (copper, copper alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver, and silver alloy, etc.) on a polymer material substrate (such as a substrate of polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyethylene, etc.).
  • a metal material copper, copper alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver, and silver alloy, etc.
  • a polymer material substrate such as a substrate of polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyethylene, etc.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector can be copper.
  • the diaphragm can be any known porous membrane with good chemical and mechanical stability.
  • the main material of the diaphragm can be selected from at least one of glass fiber, nonwoven fabric, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and ceramics.
  • the electrode assembly 12 is fabricated using a lamination process.
  • the positive and negative electrode sheets are bent in opposite directions multiple times, so that the positive and negative electrode sheets are alternately stacked at least along a first direction X, and a separator is disposed at least between the positive and negative electrode sheets. Both the separator and the electrode sheets extend in a second direction Z.
  • the first direction X is perpendicular to the plane of the separator; the second direction Z is parallel to the plane of the separator and perpendicular to the first direction X.
  • the electrode assembly 12 can be manufactured using a winding process. At least one positive electrode, one negative electrode, and one separator are respectively provided. Along a first direction X, the positive electrode, separator, and negative electrode are sequentially attached, and a winding machine is used to wind them, so that they are alternately stacked at least along the first direction X. If the wound electrode assembly 12 is approximately cylindrical, then the first direction X is any radial direction of the wound electrode assembly 12; the second direction Z is the axial direction of the wound electrode assembly 12, and the second direction Z is perpendicular to the first direction X. If the wound electrode assembly 12 is approximately cubic, then the first direction X is perpendicular to the plane of the separator; the second direction Z is parallel to the plane of the separator, and the second direction Z is perpendicular to the first direction X.
  • the diaphragm protrudes relative to the electrode sheet, and the diaphragm and electrode sheet are distributed in a concave-convex shape.
  • the surface where the end of the diaphragm is located on either side of the electrode assembly 12 in the second direction Z can be regarded as end face 121.
  • the two sides of the electrode assembly 12 in the first direction X are the complete surfaces of the electrode sheet or the complete surfaces of the diaphragm, and the two opposing sides of the electrode assembly 12 in the first direction X can be regarded as first side face 122.
  • the two sides of the electrode assembly 12 in the third direction Y are complete surfaces.
  • the two opposing sides of the electrode assembly 12 in the third direction Y can be regarded as second side face 123.
  • the first direction X, the second direction Z, and the third direction Y are perpendicular to each other.
  • the housing 10 encloses a receiving space and has an opening facing one side, through which the electrode assembly 12 can enter the receiving space of the housing 10. After the electrode assembly 12 is placed in the receiving space, one end face 121 of the electrode assembly 12 in the second direction Z faces the opening, and a diaphragm protrudes relative to the electrode plate on this end face 121, with the diaphragm and the electrode plate distributed in a concave-convex shape.
  • the housing 10 may be constructed in the shape of a column, rectangle, etc., depending on the shape of the electrode assembly 12, and this disclosure does not impose any limitations on the shape of the housing 10.
  • End cap 11 covers the opening of housing 10, sealing the receiving space.
  • end cap 11 includes a main body 111 and a protrusion 112. A portion of end cap 11 protrudes in a direction away from the receiving space to form the protrusion 112, and the portion of end cap 11 without the protrusion 112 is the main body 111.
  • the protrusion 112 has a receiving cavity 112a, which communicates with the receiving space and can be used to receive part of the structure of electrode assembly 12 and part of the structure of first electrode terminal 13.
  • a first electrode terminal 13 is provided on the end cover 11, and the first electrode terminal 13 penetrates the end cover 11.
  • One end of the first electrode terminal 13 is placed in the receiving space and electrically connected to the electrode assembly 12, and the other end of the first electrode terminal 13 protrudes from the end cover 11 for electrical connection with the outside.
  • the first electrode terminal 13 can be disposed on the protrusion 112, so that part of the structure of the first electrode terminal 13 is housed in the receiving cavity 112a.
  • the end cap 11 includes a sealing portion, the projection of which covers the projection of the opening along the second direction Z.
  • One side surface of the sealing portion in the second direction Z abuts against one side surface of the housing 10 in the second direction Z.
  • the sealing portion and the housing 10 can be connected by welding at the points where they abut against each other.
  • the end cap 11 may also include a limiting portion, which is disposed on the side of the sealing portion near the receiving space. The limiting portion protrudes from the surface of the sealing portion, and at least one surface of the limiting portion in the first direction X abuts against the inner wall surface of the housing 10.
  • the protective member 15 at least covers a portion of the end face 121, pressing the diaphragm near the connection point between the end cap 11 and the housing 10 onto the end face 121.
  • the distance between the main body 111 and the electrode assembly 12 is closer than the distance between the protrusion 112 and the electrode assembly 12, making it easy for the diaphragm protruding from the end face 121 to extend into the connection point between the main body 111 of the end cap 11 and the housing 10.
  • the protective member 15 is thus positioned at least on the diaphragm near the connection point between the main body 111 and the housing 10. In the same projection plane perpendicular to the second direction Z, the projection of the protective member 15 along the second direction Z and the projection of the main body 111 along the second direction Z at least partially overlap.
  • the protective member 15 also covers at least one first side surface 122.
  • the protective member 15 covers the edge between the end face 121 and the first side surface 122, so that the diaphragm is completely isolated relative to the connection position between the main body 111 and the housing 10.
  • the protective member 15 can extend from one side of the end face 121 in the first direction X to the other side, covering the portion of the end face 121 that overlaps with the projection of the main body 111 in the second direction Z, as well as the two side edges of this portion in the first direction X.
  • the protective member 15 also covers at least one second side surface 123.
  • the protective member 15 may cover the corner between the end face 121 and the first side surface 122 and/or the edge between the end face 121 and the second side surface 123.
  • the protective element 15 may be configured as a membrane or sheet.
  • the protective element 15 may be an insulating membrane such as a blue membrane.
  • the first electrode terminal 13 is disposed on the protrusion 112 and electrically connected to the electrode assembly 12, a portion of the structure of the first electrode terminal 13 can be centrally housed in the protrusion 112, allowing the main body 111 to be closer to the electrode assembly 12 relative to the protrusion 112, thereby helping to reduce the overall volume of the battery cell 102.
  • the protective member 15 and the orthographic projection of the main body 111 at least partially overlap in the same projection plane perpendicular to the second direction Z, the protective member 15 can restrain the separator near the main body 111, reducing the possibility of the separator extending arbitrarily and decreasing the likelihood of the separator extending into the connection position of the end cap 11 and the housing 10, thus helping to improve the connection strength between the end cap 11 and the housing 10, thereby improving the structural strength of the battery cell 102.
  • the first electrode terminal 13 is located on the protrusion 112 and is electrically connected to the electrode assembly 12, the terminal plate and adapter plate of the first electrode terminal 13, as well as the tabs 124 of the electrode assembly 12, can be centrally housed in the protrusion 112.
  • the main body 111 to be closer to the electrode assembly 12 relative to the protrusion 112, thereby helping to reduce the overall volume of the battery cell 102. Since the electrode assembly 12 is placed in the receiving space and the end cap 11 closes the opening of the housing 10, the housing 10 and the end cap 11 can seal and protect the electrode assembly 12.
  • two protective members 15 are spaced apart from each other along a first direction X, one protective member 15 covers a portion of the end face 121 and extends to a first side face 122, and the other protective member 15 covers a portion of the end face 121 and extends to another first side face 122.
  • the protrusion 112 extends from one side of the end cover 11 in the first direction X to the other side, and the protrusion 112 is provided on both sides of the end cover 11 in the third direction Y.
  • the main body 111 is located between the protrusions 112.
  • a protective member 15 is provided at the portion of the main body 111 whose projection along the second direction Z coincides with the end face 121.
  • the protective member 15 is provided at least at the edge between the end face 121 and the first side face 122.
  • protective members 15 are provided on the end face 121 opposite the main body 111, and are spaced apart from each other along the first direction X.
  • the protective member 15 on one side of the end face 121 in the first direction X extends toward the first side 122, and the protective member 15 on the other side of the end face 121 in the first direction X extends toward the first side 122.
  • the protective element 15 is a blue film, one side of which is adhesive.
  • a portion of the blue film is attached to the end face 121 opposite to the main body 111.
  • the blue film is constructed in a strip shape and extends along the third direction Y.
  • the length of the blue film in the third direction Y is not less than the length of the main body 111 in the third direction Y.
  • the other portion of the blue film is attached to the first side face 122.
  • the blue film isolates the diaphragm from the connection position between the main body 111 and the housing 10.
  • the protrusion 112 can be located at any position on the end cap 11. If the protrusion 112 is spaced apart from the third direction Y side of the end cap 11, then the main body 111 is located on the third direction Y side of the end cap 11.
  • the end face 121 has three edges on the portion of the main body 111 directly opposite it. A diaphragm located near these three edges can easily extend into the connection position between the main body 111 and the housing 10, and protective members 15 can be provided to cover these three edges respectively.
  • At least three protective members 15 are provided. Two of the three protective members 15 extend along a third direction Y, and the remaining protective member 15 extends along a first direction X.
  • the two protective members 15 extending along the third direction Y are spaced apart and disposed on both sides of the end face 121 in the first direction X. These two protective members 15 extend from the end face 121 in mutually distancing directions to the first side surface 122.
  • the protective member 15 extending along the first direction X is disposed on the third direction Y side of the end face 121 and corresponds to the position of the main body 111.
  • a protective member 15 is provided to extend and bend along the edge of the end face 121 from one side of the end face 121 in the first direction X until it extends to the other side of the end face 121 in the first direction X, thereby covering the edge of the end face 121 opposite to the main body portion 111.
  • each protective element 15 covers both sides of the electrode assembly 12, each protective element 15 extends from the end face 121 to a first side face 122, which can separate the connection position of the diaphragm relative to the end cover 11 and the housing 10. Therefore, it can improve the situation where the diaphragm extends into the connection position of the end cover 11 and the housing 10, and also save the amount of material used for the protective elements 15.
  • the two protective members 15 are spaced apart from each other along the third direction Y.
  • protective members 15 are provided on the end face 121 opposite the main body 111, spaced apart from each other along the third direction Y.
  • the protective member 15 on one side of the end face 121 in the third direction Y extends toward the adjacent second side 123, and the protective member 15 on the other side of the end face 121 in the third direction Y extends toward the adjacent second side 123.
  • the protective element 15 is a blue film, one side of which is adhesive. A portion of the blue film is attached to the end face 121 opposite to the main body 111.
  • the blue film is constructed in a strip shape and extends along the first direction X. The length of the blue film in the first direction X is not less than the length of the main body 111 in the first direction X.
  • the other portion of the blue film is attached to the second side face 123. The blue film isolates the diaphragm from the connection position between the main body 111 and the housing 10.
  • the protrusion 112 is configured to be spaced apart from both sides of the end cap 11 in a first direction X and a third direction Y, respectively.
  • the protrusion 112 is formed on the end cap 11 by a stamping process.
  • Two protective members 15 are respectively disposed on both sides of the end face 121 in the first direction X, with a portion of each protective member 15 disposed on the end face 121 and another portion of the protective member 15 disposed on a proximal first side surface 122.
  • the protective member 15 covers a portion of the end face 121 and extends to the two first side faces 122.
  • the projection of the main body 111 along the second direction Z onto the end face 121 has an overlapping area, and a protective member 15 can be provided to cover the entire overlapping area.
  • the end cap 11 extends along the first direction X, and the part of the end cap 11 without the protrusion 112 is the main body 111.
  • the protective member 15 extends from a first side surface 122 on one side of the first direction X toward the end face 121 and covers the entire overlapping area, and then extends to a first side surface 122 on the other side of the first direction X.
  • the protective member 15 extending to the first side surface 122 can cover part or all of the first side surface 122.
  • the diaphragm can be sealed by a single complete protective element 15 extending from one first side face 122 across the end face 121 to the other first side face 122. This simple operation helps to improve the processing efficiency of the battery cell 102.
  • the end cap 11 has a protrusion 112.
  • the battery cell 102 also includes a second electrode terminal 14, which is spaced apart from the first electrode terminal 13 and is provided in the protrusion 112.
  • the second electrode terminal 14 is electrically connected to the electrode assembly 12, and the protrusion 112 can accommodate a portion of the second electrode terminal 14 and a portion of the first electrode terminal 13.
  • the end cap 11 is provided with two protrusions 112, which are spaced apart along the third direction Y.
  • the battery cell 102 also includes a second electrode terminal 14.
  • the first electrode terminal 13 is disposed on one of the protrusions 112 and electrically connected to the electrode assembly 12, and the second electrode terminal 14 is disposed on the other protrusion 112 and electrically connected to the electrode assembly 12.
  • the projection of the first electrode terminal 13 and the electrode assembly 12 on the same projection plane does not overlap with the projection of the protective member 15, and the projection of the second electrode terminal 14 and the electrode assembly 12 on the same projection plane does not overlap with the projection of the protective member 15.
  • the first direction X, the second direction Z, and the third direction Y are perpendicular to each other.
  • the end cap 11 has two protrusions 112, each of which extends along a first direction X, and the two protrusions 112 are spaced apart along a third direction Y.
  • the two protrusions 112 can be located at any position on the end cap 11, for example, the two protrusions 112 can be located on both sides of the end cap 11 in the third direction Y.
  • the battery cell 102 also includes a second electrode terminal 14, which is spaced apart from the first electrode terminal 13.
  • the first electrode terminal 13 can be located on one protrusion 112, and the second electrode terminal 14 can be located on another protrusion 112.
  • the first electrode terminal 13 and the second electrode terminal 14 are electrically connected to the electrode assembly 12, respectively.
  • the protective member 15 can extend from the region opposite the end face 121 of the main body 111 to the region opposite the end face 121 of the protrusion 112, avoiding the locations where the first electrode terminal 13 and the electrode assembly 12 are electrically connected, as well as the locations where the second electrode terminal 14 and the electrode assembly 12 are electrically connected.
  • the electrode assembly 12 includes a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, and a separator.
  • the positive electrode plate has a positive electrode tab protruding from the end face 121, which is electrically connected to the first electrode terminal 13.
  • the negative electrode plate has a negative electrode tab protruding from the end face 121, which is electrically connected to the second electrode terminal 14.
  • one protrusion 112 at least partially overlaps with the projection of the positive electrode tab on the same projection plane, such that the positive electrode tab is at least partially housed within the protrusion 112.
  • another protrusion 112 at least partially overlaps with the projection of the negative electrode tab on the same projection plane, such that the negative electrode tab is at least partially housed within the protrusion 112.
  • the first electrode terminal 13 penetrates the protrusion 112, and a portion of the first electrode terminal 13 is housed within the protrusion 112. One end of the first electrode terminal 13 is electrically connected to the positive electrode tab, and the other end of the first electrode terminal 13 is located on the surface of the protrusion 112 away from the receiving space.
  • the second electrode terminal 14 penetrates the protrusion 112, and a portion of the second electrode terminal 14 is housed within the protrusion 112. One end of the second electrode terminal 14 is electrically connected to the negative electrode tab, and the other end of the second electrode terminal 14 is located on the surface of the protrusion 112 away from the receiving space.
  • the protective member 15 covers the end face 121 facing the main body 111 and can extend to the edge of the nearest positive electrode tab and/or negative electrode tab.
  • the terminal plate and adapter plate of the first electrode terminal 13 and the terminal plate and adapter plate of the second electrode terminal 14 can be housed in different protrusions 112. This reduces the risk of the first electrode terminal 13 and the second electrode terminal 14 becoming electrically connected, and allows the main body 111 to be closer to the electrode assembly 12 relative to the protrusions 112, thereby helping to reduce the overall volume of the battery cell 102.
  • the protective member 15 does not obstruct the electrical connection between the electrode terminals and the electrode assembly 12.
  • the projections of the main body 111 and the protective member 15 on the same projection plane overlap, while the projections of the protrusion 112 and the protective member 15 on the same projection plane do not overlap.
  • the battery cell 102 further includes a first insulating member 16, which is disposed between the housing 10 and the electrode assembly 12, and does not extend beyond the end face 121 along the second direction Z.
  • the main body 111 along the second direction Z, there is a gap between the main body 111 (the lowest connection position between the main body 111 and the housing 10) and the first insulating member 16.
  • the battery cell 102 also includes a first insulating member 16.
  • the first insulating member 16 is itself insulating; for example, the first insulating member 16 is a Mylar sheet.
  • the first insulating member 16 is disposed between the housing 10 and the electrode assembly 12.
  • a first insulating member 16 is provided on the first side 122, the second side 123 and the surface opposite the end face 121 of the electrode assembly 12.
  • the first insulating member 16 has a certain thickness, so that the area on the electrode assembly 12 without the first insulating member 16 has a gap relative to the housing 10, thereby insulating the electrode assembly 12 from the housing 10.
  • the first insulating member 16 is configured as a box with an opening on one side, and the electrode assembly 12 is placed inside the first insulating member 16 such that the first insulating member 16 covers the first side 122, the second side 123 and the side facing the end face 121 of the electrode assembly 12, thereby achieving insulation between the electrode assembly 12 and the housing 10.
  • a gap may be provided along the second direction Z between the first insulating member 16 and the connection position between the main body 111 and the housing 10.
  • the first insulating member 16 may extend between the protective member 15 and the electrode assembly 12.
  • the first insulating member 16 is configured as a box-shaped structure with one side opening around the first side surface 122, the second side surface 123, and the surface facing the end face 121 of the electrode assembly 12.
  • the first insulating member 16 has a notch on the side facing the end cap 11.
  • the region of the first insulating member 16 facing the protrusion 112 is spaced from the connection position of the protrusion 112 and the housing 10
  • the region of the first insulating member 16 facing the main body 111 is spaced from the connection position of the main body 111 and the housing 10.
  • the length of the region of the first insulating member 16 facing the main body 111 is less than the length of the region facing the protrusion 112 to form a notch.
  • the distance between the first insulating member 16 and the lowest connection position of the end cap 11 and the housing 10 is not less than 3mm, such as 3mm, 3.6mm, 4.1mm, 4.5mm, etc.
  • the electrode assembly 12 can be insulated from the housing 10, reducing the probability of accidental conduction. Because there is a gap between the lowest connection point of the main body 111 and the housing 10 and the first insulating member 16 along the second direction Z, the first insulating member 16 is difficult to extend into the connection point between the main body 111 and the housing 10, which helps to improve the connection strength between the end cap 11 and the housing 10, thereby improving the structural strength of the battery cell 102.
  • the first insulating member 16 is bonded to the protective member 15 by an adhesive sheet 17, which is laminated over the first insulating member 16 from the side opposite to the electrode assembly 12, and the portion of the adhesive sheet 17 that does not overlap with the covered first insulating member 16 is bonded to the protective member 15.
  • One side of the adhesive sheet 17 is adhesive.
  • the projections of the adhesive sheet 17 onto the main body 111 on the same projection plane at least partially overlap.
  • a portion of the adhesive sheet 17 adheres to the surface of the first insulator 16 away from the electrode assembly 12, and another portion of the adhesive sheet 17 adheres to the surface of the protective member 15 away from the electrode assembly 12.
  • the protective member 15 may be located between the first insulator 16 and the electrode assembly 12, or it may be located between the first insulator 16 and the adhesive sheet 17.
  • the adhesive sheet 17 can be used to adhere to the protective member 15, a portion to the electrode assembly 12, and the remainder to the first insulating member 16. If the length of the first insulating member 16 in the second direction Z opposite to the protrusion 112 exceeds the length of the electrode assembly 12 in the second direction Z, the adhesive sheet 17 can be provided on the first insulating member 16 opposite to the main body 111.
  • one part of the adhesive sheet 17 adheres to the first insulating member 16, and the other part of the adhesive sheet 17 adheres to the protective member 15, fixing them relatively in place.
  • the first insulating member 16 and the protective member 15 surrounding the electrode assembly 12 help improve the insulation effect of the electrode assembly 12.
  • the first insulating member 16 includes a sheet-like insulating member, and along a direction perpendicular to the first insulating member 16, the projection of the first insulating member 16 is located within the projection of the adhesive sheet 17 in the same projection plane.
  • the first insulating member 16 may include a sheet-like insulating member and a block-like insulating member.
  • the sheet-like insulating member is disposed near the surface of the housing 10 of the first insulating member 16. Along a direction perpendicular to the first insulating member 16, in the same projection plane, the projection of the first insulating member 16 is located within the projection of the adhesive sheet 17, that is, the sheet-like insulating member covers the entire first insulating member 16.
  • the two sides of the sheet-like insulating member are adhesive.
  • the first insulating member 16 includes a sheet-like insulating member, it can closely adhere to the electrode assembly 12 and the housing 10, occupying less space and covering a larger area, thus providing better insulation between the electrode assembly 12 and the housing 10. Because the projection of the first insulating member 16 lies within the projection of the adhesive sheet 17 along a direction perpendicular to it, the adhesive sheet 17 surrounds the entire surface of the first insulating sheet away from the electrode assembly 12. The adhesive sheet 17 surrounding the first insulating sheet protects the first insulating sheet inside, helping to reduce the likelihood of breakage. Furthermore, the large bonding area between the adhesive sheet 17 and the first insulating sheet helps to improve the bonding strength of the first insulating sheet.
  • the surface of the first insulating member 16 facing the electrode assembly 12 is provided with a first adhesive layer, a portion of the first insulating member 16 is bonded to the electrode assembly 12 through the first adhesive layer, and another portion of the first insulating member 16 is bonded to the protective member 15 through the first adhesive layer.
  • a first adhesive layer is provided on the surface of the first insulating member 16 facing the electrode assembly 12.
  • the first insulating member 16 is bonded to the electrode assembly 12 through the first adhesive layer.
  • the projection of the first insulating member 16 and the projection of the protective member 15 overlap, and the first insulating member 16 is bonded to the protective member 15 through the first adhesive layer.
  • a first adhesive layer is also provided on the surface of the first insulating member 16 facing the housing 10.
  • the first insulating member 16 is bent and extended toward the end face 121, and along the second direction Z, the projection of the first insulating member 16 lies within the projection of the protective member 15 in the same projection plane.
  • the first insulating member 16 can fit tightly against the surface of the electrode assembly 12, which helps to improve the insulation effect of the electrode assembly 12 relative to the housing 10.
  • the first insulating member 16 fixes part of the protective member 15 between the first insulating member 16 and the electrode assembly 12 through the first adhesive layer. There is no need to set an additional adhesive layer to fix the protective member 15.
  • the structure is simple, which helps to simplify the processing steps and improve production efficiency.
  • the battery cell 102 further includes a second insulating member 18, which is disposed between the end cap 11 and the electrode assembly 12. Along the second direction Z, the second insulating member 18 abuts against the protective member 15 from the side opposite to the electrode assembly 12.
  • the battery cell 102 also includes a second insulating member 18, which is disposed between the end cap 11 and the electrode assembly 12 and can press the protective member 15 against the end face 121.
  • the second insulating element 18 has insulating properties; for example, the second insulating element 18 is a lower plastic.
  • the electrode assembly 12 can be insulated from the end cap 11, reducing the probability of accidental conduction. Because the second insulating member 18 abuts against the protective member 15 from the side opposite to the electrode assembly 12 along the second direction Z, the second insulating member 18 can press the protective member 15 to fix it, thereby pressing the diaphragm against the protective member 15, making it difficult for the diaphragm to extend into the connection position between the end cap 11 and the housing 10. This helps to improve the connection strength between the end cap 11 and the housing 10, thereby improving the structural strength of the battery cell 102.
  • the second insulating member 18 does not extend beyond the protective member 15.
  • the size of the second insulating member 18 in the first direction X is smaller than the size of the opening in the first direction X, reducing the probability that the second insulating member 18 gets stuck in the housing 10. Furthermore, when the end cap 11 with an uneven bottom extends into the housing 10 from the opening, the second insulating member 18 is not located on the extension path of the end cap 11 and will not obstruct the extension of the end cap 11.
  • the end cap 11 is provided with a liquid injection hole 113, and there is a flow channel 19 between the end cap 11 and the electrode assembly 12 that communicates with the liquid injection hole 113.
  • the protective member 15 is provided with a first through hole 151 that communicates with the flow channel 19 on the end face 121.
  • the number of injection holes 113 can be one or more.
  • the injection hole 113 penetrates the end cap 11 to connect the receiving space to the outside, allowing electrolyte to enter the receiving space through the injection hole 113.
  • a sealing element such as a sealing pin, is inserted into the injection hole 113 to seal it.
  • a gap exists between the end cap 11 and the electrode assembly 12, within which a flow channel 19 is formed.
  • the flow channel 19 may be part of the gap or may be formed within the gap by a structure enclosed within the battery cell 102.
  • the flow channel 19 opens toward the electrode assembly 12.
  • the protective member 15 extends and bends from one first side 122 toward the end face 121, covers part of the end face 121, and then extends and bends toward another first side 122. Electrolyte flows from the open position of the flow channel 19 onto the protective member 15. A first through hole 151 is formed in the portion of the protective member 15 located on the end face 121, and the electrolyte passes through the first through hole 151 to wet the electrode assembly 12.
  • the protective members 15 are spaced apart along the first direction X. If the protective member 15 and the open area of the flow channel 19 overlap on the same projection plane along the second direction Z, then a first through hole 151 is formed at the position of the protective member 15 directly opposite the open area of the flow channel 19. If the protective member 15 and the open area of the flow channel 19 do not overlap on the same projection plane along the second direction Z, then the electrolyte flows directly from the open position of the flow channel 19 to the motor assembly, and the first through hole 151 does not need to be provided on the protective member 15.
  • an injection hole 113 is disposed on a protrusion 112, and the protrusion 112 has a receiving cavity 112a on the side facing the electrode assembly 12, the receiving cavity 112a communicating with the receiving space.
  • the injection hole 113 communicates with the flow channel 19 through the receiving cavity 112a.
  • the receiving cavity 112a can temporarily accumulate electrolyte, reducing the probability of electrolyte overflow due to excessive injection.
  • protrusions 112 are respectively provided on both sides of the end cap 11 in the third direction Y, and injection holes 113 are formed on each protrusion 112.
  • the flow channel 19 connects the receiving cavities 112a on both sides. This allows the electrolyte to have a large flow range, which can meet the injection needs of multiple positions on the electrode assembly 12.
  • the electrolyte can enter the flow channel 19 from the injection hole 113.
  • the flow channel 19 can guide at least a portion of the electrolyte to flow to the area inside the housing 10 away from the injection hole 113, reducing the accumulation of electrolyte in the area near the injection hole 113, expanding the flow range of the electrolyte inside the housing 10, and helping to improve the electrolyte penetration speed.
  • the protective member 15 has a first through hole 151 communicating with the flow channel 19 on the end face 121, the electrolyte wets the electrode and the diaphragm through the first through hole 151, which helps to improve the wetting efficiency.
  • the battery cell 102 further includes a second insulating member 18, which is disposed between the end cap 11 and the electrode assembly 12. Along the second direction Z, the second insulating member 18 abuts against the protective member 15 from the side opposite to the electrode assembly 12.
  • the side of the second insulating member 18 facing the protective member 15 is provided with a first groove 191, which is open on the side facing the protective member 15.
  • the first groove 191 forms at least a portion of the flow channel 19.
  • the flow channel 19 can be formed by the second insulating member 18 and the end face 121.
  • the second insulating member 18 is located between the end cap 11 and the protective member 15.
  • a first groove 191 is formed on the side of the second insulating member 18 facing the protective member 15.
  • the first groove 191 extends along the third direction Y and communicates with the liquid injection hole 113.
  • the side of the first groove 191 facing the protective member 15 is open and together with the protective member 15 forms the flow channel 19.
  • the electrolyte in the first groove 191 can flow out through the open position of the first groove 191 facing the electrode assembly 12 and directly contact the electrode assembly 12.
  • the second insulating element 18 may be made of plastic material, which is manufactured by injection molding to form the second insulating element 18 having the first groove 191.
  • the second insulating member 18 Since the second insulating member 18 abuts against the protective member 15 from the side opposite to the electrode assembly 12 along the second direction Z, the second insulating member 18 can press the protective member 15 to fix it, so that the first through hole 151 can maintain a stable communication state relative to the flow channel 19, which helps to maintain a stable wetting efficiency. Since the second insulating member 18 has a first groove 191 on the side facing the protective member 15, the electrolyte is guided by the first groove 191 to the top of the protective member 15 and enters the electrode assembly 12 through the first through hole 151 of the protective member 15, realizing the wetting of the electrode assembly 12 by the electrolyte.
  • the battery cell 102 further includes a second insulating member 18, which is disposed between the end cap 11 and the electrode assembly 12. Along the second direction Z, the second insulating member 18 abuts against the protective member 15 from the side away from the electrode assembly 12.
  • the side of the second insulating member 18 facing the end cap 11 is provided with a second groove 192, which is open on the side facing the end cap 11.
  • the second groove 192 forms at least a portion of the flow channel 19, and the second groove 192 is provided with a second through hole 193.
  • the flow channel 19 communicates with the first through hole 151 through the second through hole 193.
  • the flow channel 19 can be formed by a separate second insulating member 18.
  • the second insulating member 18 is located between the end cap 11 and the protective member 15.
  • a second groove 192 is provided on the side of the second insulating member 18 facing the end cap 11.
  • the second groove 192 extends along the third direction Y and communicates with the injection hole 113.
  • a second through hole 193 is formed in the second groove 192.
  • the projection of the second through hole 193 coincides with that of the first through hole 151 in the same projection plane, so that the second through hole 193 communicates with the first through hole 151.
  • the electrolyte flows along the second groove 192 and flows into the first through hole 151 through the second through hole 193, thereby entering the electrode assembly 12 through the first through hole 151.
  • the second insulating member 18 Since the second insulating member 18 abuts against the protective member 15 from the side opposite to the electrode assembly 12 along the second direction Z, the second insulating member 18 can press the protective member 15 to fix it, so that the first through hole 151 can maintain a stable communication state relative to the flow channel 19, which helps to maintain a stable wetting efficiency. Since the second insulating member 18 has a second groove 192 on the side facing the end cap 11, and a second through hole 193 is opened in the second groove 192, the electrolyte is guided by the second groove 192 to the top of the protective member 15, and flows into the first through hole 151 of the protective member 15 from the second through hole 193 and enters the electrode assembly 12, so as to achieve the wetting of the electrode assembly 12 by the electrolyte.
  • a plurality of first through holes 151 are provided, and the first through holes 151 are arranged along a third direction Y, wherein the first direction X, the second direction Z and the third direction Y are perpendicular to each other.
  • first through holes 151 are provided, and the first through holes 151 can be evenly arranged along the third direction Y.
  • the shape of each first through hole 151 can be constructed to be different or the same, and the size of each first through hole 151 can be constructed to be different or the same. This disclosure does not impose any special limitations on the size and shape of the first through holes 151.
  • multiple second channels are provided corresponding to the first channel and arranged along the third direction Y. This allows the electrolyte to come into contact with more areas of the electrode assembly 12, facilitating uniform wetting of the electrolyte on the electrode assembly 12 and improving the electrolyte injection efficiency.
  • the total area of the projection of all the first through holes 151 accounts for 10% to 50% of the projected area of the electrode assembly 12.
  • the ratio of the total projected area of all first through holes 151 to the projected area of electrode assembly 12 can be 10%, 22%, 30%, 45%, 50%, etc.
  • the total area of the projection of all the second through holes 193 accounts for 10% to 50% of the area of the projection of the electrode assembly 12.
  • the equivalent diameter of each first through hole 151 is less than or equal to 15 mm.
  • each first through hole 151 can be 2 mm, 4 mm, 6.2 mm, 7 mm, 8.5 mm, 10 mm, 12.5 mm, 15 mm, etc.
  • the equivalent diameter of the second through hole 193 is less than or equal to 15 mm.
  • the end cap 11 is partially bent along the second direction Z to form a protrusion 112, a portion of the end cap 11 extends into the housing 10 and is connected to the inner peripheral surface of the housing 10, and the edge of the end cap 11 abuts against and is connected to the end edge of the housing 10 in the second direction Z.
  • the end cap 11 is bent along the second direction Z to form a protrusion 112.
  • the edge of the housing 10 in the second direction Z is provided with a raised portion corresponding to the position of the protrusion 112.
  • the raised portions are spaced apart from each other along the first direction X and together with the protrusion 112 form a receiving cavity 112a.
  • the end cap 11 extends into the housing 10 and is connected to the inner peripheral surface of the housing 10.
  • the edge of the end cap 11 abuts against and is connected to the end edge of the housing 10 in the second direction Z.
  • the end cap 11 includes a sealing portion and a limiting portion.
  • the projection of the opening is located within the projection of the sealing portion, and one side surface of the sealing portion in the second direction Z abuts against one side surface of the housing 10 in the second direction Z.
  • the sealing portion and the housing 10 can be connected by welding at the position where they abut against each other.
  • the limiting portion is provided on the side of the sealing portion near the receiving space, and the limiting portion protrudes from the surface of the sealing portion. At least one surface of the limiting portion in the first direction X abuts against the inner wall surface of the housing 10.
  • the inner circumferential surface of the housing 10 can limit the end cap 11, making it difficult for the end cap 11 to shift in the first direction X and the third direction Y. Since the edge of the end cap 11 abuts against and connects with the end edge of the housing 10 in the second direction Z, the end edge of the housing 10 in the second direction Z supports the end cap 11, restricting the displacement of the end cap 11 relative to the housing 10 in the second direction Z. This helps to reduce the gap between the end cap 11 and the housing 10 and helps to enhance the connection strength between the end cap 11 and the housing 10.
  • the protective member 15 has a second adhesive layer on the side facing the electrode assembly 12.
  • the protective element 15 is bonded to the electrode assembly 12 via a second adhesive layer.
  • a second adhesive layer may be provided on the side of the protective element 15 facing the end cap 11, and the second insulating element 18 is bonded to the protective element 15 via the second adhesive layer.
  • the protective component 15 adheres the diaphragm to the end face 121, improving the connection position of the diaphragm extending into the end cap 11 and the housing 10, which helps to improve the connection strength between the end cap 11 and the housing 10, thereby improving the structural strength of the battery cell 102.
  • the protective element 15 is made of an insulating material.
  • the protective element 15 may be made of insulating materials such as polypropylene, polyethylene, or polybutene.
  • the protrusion 112 has a receiving cavity 112a communicating with the receiving space on the side of the protrusion 112 facing the electrode assembly 12 along the second direction Z, and the tab 124 electrically connected to the first electrode terminal 13 is at least received in the receiving cavity 112a.
  • the protrusion 112 is formed by protruding towards the side away from the receiving space.
  • the side of the protrusion 112 closest to the receiving space has a receiving cavity 112a, which communicates with the receiving space.
  • the electrode assembly 12 has a tab 124, and a first electrode terminal 13 is electrically connected to the tab 124.
  • the tab 124 can be completely housed in the receiving cavity 112a, or a portion of the tab 124 can be housed in the receiving cavity 112a while the other portion is housed in the receiving space.
  • the battery cell 102 includes a first electrode terminal 13 and a second electrode terminal 14, and the end cap 11 has a first protrusion and a second protrusion.
  • the first protrusion has a first receiving cavity
  • the second protrusion has a second receiving cavity.
  • a portion of the first electrode terminal 13 is located in the first receiving cavity
  • a portion of the second electrode terminal 14 is located in the second receiving cavity.
  • a first protrusion and a second protrusion are spaced apart from each other and disposed on the end cap 11.
  • a first electrode terminal 13 is disposed on the first protrusion, and a second electrode terminal 14 is disposed on the second protrusion.
  • the electrode assembly 12 has a first tab 124 and a second tab 124. A portion of the first electrode terminal 13 passes through the first protrusion and is electrically connected to the first tab 124, and is housed in a first receiving cavity. A portion of the second electrode terminal 14 passes through the second protrusion and is electrically connected to the second tab 124, and is housed in a second receiving cavity.
  • the second electrode terminal 14 may include a terminal plate located above the second protrusion and a terminal disk located below the second protrusion, the terminal plate and the terminal disk being connected by a connecting post extending in the vertical direction in the figure.
  • the first electrode terminal 13 may be constructed similarly.
  • the two electrode terminals are respectively stored in relatively independent receiving cavities 112a. This not only reduces the risk of the first electrode terminal 13 and the second electrode terminal 14 becoming conductive, but also helps to make the main body 111 closer to the electrode assembly 12 relative to the protrusion 112, thereby helping to reduce the overall volume of the battery cell 102 and improve the volume utilization rate within the battery cell 102.
  • embodiments of this disclosure also provide a battery 100, including a housing 101 and at least two battery cells 102 as described above.
  • the battery cells 102 are arranged in the housing 101 at least along the first direction X, and are connected in series or in parallel.
  • the battery includes battery cells 102 with strong structural strength, the battery has strong reliability in use.
  • each battery cell 102 is arranged along a first direction X.
  • the first electrode terminal 13 of one battery cell 102 is electrically connected to the first electrode terminal 13 of another battery cell 102 through a busbar.
  • electrical connection between adjacent battery cells 102 is achieved by setting up a busbar.
  • At least one wall of the housing 101 has a boss 1011, which is formed by the housing wall protruding in a direction away from the battery cell 102.
  • the boss 1011 forms a receiving portion on the side facing the battery cell 102.
  • the projection of the protrusion 112 does not exceed the projection of the boss 1011, and the protrusion 112 is at least partially received in the receiving portion.
  • the protrusion 112 in the receiving part of the boss 1011, it helps to reduce the overall volume of the box 101 and improve the volume utilization rate inside the box 101.
  • this disclosure also provides an electrical device, including a battery cell 102 as described above, or a battery 100 as described above, wherein the battery cell 102 or the battery supplies power to the electrical device.
  • the space reserved for the battery or battery cell 102 in the electrical device can be reduced, or the overall energy of the battery can be increased while keeping the space the same. This helps to increase the flexibility of the battery and its surrounding structure in the electrical device, and helps to improve the battery's battery life/standby capability.
  • embodiments of this disclosure also provide an energy storage device, including a battery cell 102 as described above, or a battery 100 as described above, wherein the battery cell 102 or the battery is used to store electrical energy and is capable of providing electrical energy.
  • a blue film (protective element 15) is attached to the top (end face 121) of the bare cell (electrode assembly 12) to seal the diaphragm on the surface of the bare cell, so that the diaphragm is isolated from the connection position of the end cap 11 and the housing 10.
  • the insulating sheet (first insulating member 16) of the bare battery cell (electrode assembly 12) is close to the welding area, which can have a certain adverse effect on the welding.
  • a notch is provided in the first insulating member 16 at the position directly opposite the main body 111, so that the connection position of the first insulating member 16 with the end cover 11 and the housing 10 is spaced apart, so as to prevent the first insulating member 16 from extending into the welding area between the end cover 11 and the housing 10 and reduce the impact on the welding.
  • a lower plastic (second insulating member 18) is provided between the end cap 11 and the electrode assembly 12.
  • the blue film (protective member 15) is longer than the lower plastic (second insulating member 18), but does not exceed the area where the pole post (first electrode terminal 13 and second electrode terminal 14) is provided.
  • a blue film (protective element 15) is provided at least near the edge of the bare cell (electrode assembly 12), and only a lower plastic film (second insulating element 18) is provided in the middle of the two side edges.
  • the main body 111 and the end face 121 are relatively close, and the height of the lower plastic (second insulating member 18) is reduced. It is difficult to fix the first insulating member 16 to the lower plastic (second insulating member 18).
  • An adhesive piece 17 is provided to stick the first insulating member 16 to the electrode assembly 12 or the protective member 15, so that the first insulating member 16 is fixed.
  • first through holes 151 are provided on the blue film (protective element 15) to increase wettability.
  • the equivalent diameter of each first through hole 151 is no greater than 15 mm, and the ratio of the total area of all through holes to the total area of the end face 121 is in the range of 10% to 50%.

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  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

本公开实施例提供一种电池单体、电池、用电装置及储能装置。电池单体包括壳体，壳体具有容纳空间和开口；电极组件，容纳于容纳空间中，电极组件包括至少沿第一方向层叠设置的极片和隔膜，沿着第二方向，电极组件在靠近开口的一侧具有端面，电极组件具有沿着第一方向彼此相对的第一侧面；端盖，端盖封盖开口，端盖包括主体部和与主体部相连的凸起部，沿第二方向，凸起部向远离电极组件的一侧凸起；第一电极端子，设于凸起部且与电极组件电连接；保护件，覆盖部分端面并延伸到至少一个第一侧面，并且，在垂直于第二方向的同一投影面内，保护件与主体部的正投影至少部分重叠，其中，第一方向和第二方向垂直。

Description

电池单体、电池、用电装置及储能装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本公开基于申请号为202421542731.4、申请日为2024年07月02日、发明名称为“电池单体、电池、用电装置及储能装置”的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本公开作为参考。
技术领域
本公开实施例涉及电池技术领域，具体涉及一种电池单体、电池、用电装置及储能装置。
背景技术
新能源电池在生活和产业中的应用越来越广泛，例如，搭载电池的新能源汽车已经被广泛使用，另外，电池还被越来越多地应用于储能领域等。
电池包括至少一个电池单体，电池单体通常包括具有开口的壳体、容纳于壳体中的电极组件和封盖上述开口的端盖。若端盖与壳体的连接位置有异物存在，则端盖与壳体的连接强度、密封性等可能受到不良影响。因此，如何降低异物进入端盖与壳体的连接位置的可能性进而降低连接不良、密封性不良的风险是业界研究的课题之一。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本公开提供一种能够降低隔膜等异物进入端盖与壳体的连接位置的风险的电池单体、电池、用电装置及储能装置。
第一方面，本公开实施例提供了一种电池单体，包括：壳体，壳体具有容纳空间和开口；电极组件，容纳于容纳空间中，电极组件包括至少沿第一方向层叠设置的极片和隔膜，沿着第二方向，电极组件在靠近开口的一侧具有端面，电极组件具有沿着第一方向彼此相对的第一侧面；端盖，端盖封盖开口，端盖包括主体部和与主体部相连的凸起部，沿第二方向，凸起部向远离电极组件的一侧凸起；第一电极端子，设于凸起部且与电极组件电连接；保护件，覆盖部分端面并延伸到至少一个第一侧面，并且，在垂直于第二方向的同一投影面内，保护件与主体部的正投影至少部分重叠，其中，第一方向和第二方向垂直。
本公开实施例中，由于第一电极端子设于凸起部且与电极组件电连接，因此，第一电极端子的一部分结构能够收纳在凸起部中，能够使主体部相对于凸起部更加贴近电极组件，从而有助于减小电池单体的整体体积。由于在垂直于第二方向的同一投影面内，保护件与主体部的正投影至少部分重叠，因此，保护件能够对靠近主体部的隔膜形成束缚，减少了隔膜随意延伸的情况，降低了隔膜伸入端盖和壳体的连接位置的可能，有助于提升端盖和壳体的连接强度，从而提升电池单体的结构强度。
在一些实施例中，保护件覆盖部分端面并延伸到两个第一侧面。
由于保护件覆盖端面和两个第一侧面，因此，只需一个完整的保护件从一个第一侧面跨过端面延伸到另一个第一侧面即可完成隔膜的封闭，操作简单，有助于提升电池单体的加工效率。
在一些实施例中，在端盖设有两个凸起部，两个凸起部沿着第三方向间隔设置，电池单体还包括第二电极端子，第一电极端子设于其中一个凸起部并与电极组件电连接，第二电极端子设于另外一个凸起部并与电极组件电连接，沿第二方向，第一电极端子与电极组件的电连接处与保护件在同一投影面上的投影不重叠，第二电极端子与电极组件的电连接处与保护件在同一投影面上的投影不重叠，其中，第一方向、第二方向和第三方向彼此垂直。
由于第一电极端子设于一个凸起部，第二电极端子设于另一个凸起部，两个凸起部间隔设置，因此，可以将第一电极端子的一部分结构以及第二电极端子的一部分结构分别收纳在不同的凸起部中，既能够降低第一电极端子和第二电极端子导通的风险，又能够使主体部相对于凸起部更加贴近电极组件，从而有助于减小电池单体的整体体积。由于沿第二方向，第一电极端子与电极组件的电连接处以及第二电极端子与电极组件的电连接处均与保护件在同一投影面上的投影不重叠，因此，保护件不妨碍电极端子和电极组件间的电连接。
在一些实施例中，沿着第二方向，主体部与保护件在同一投影面上的投影重叠，凸起部与保护件在同一投影面上的投影不重叠。
由此，即使保护件的设置位置存在些许偏差，也不容易妨碍电子端子与电极组件之间的电连接，降低了对装配精度的要求，有利于提高生产效率。
在一些实施例中，电池单体还包括第一绝缘件，第一绝缘件设置于壳体与电极组件之间，沿着第二方向，第一绝缘件不超出端面。
由于第一绝缘件设置于壳体和电极组件之间，因此，电极组件能够与壳体绝缘，降低意外导通的发生概率。由于沿着第二方向，第一绝缘件不超出电极组件的端面，因此，第一绝缘件难以伸入到主体部和壳体的连接位置，有助于提升端盖和壳体的连接强度，从而提升电池单体的结构强度。
在一些实施例中，沿着第二方向，主体部与第一绝缘件之间存在间隔。
由于沿着第二方向，主体部和壳体的最低连接位置与第一绝缘件间存在间隔，因此，第一绝缘件难以伸入到主体部和壳体的连接位置，有助于提升端盖和壳体的连接强度，从而提升电池单体的结构强度。
在一些实施例中，第一绝缘件通过粘接片粘接于保护件，粘接片从背离电极组件的一侧层叠覆盖于第一绝缘件，并且，粘接片的未与所覆盖的第一绝缘件重叠的部分粘接于保护件。
由此，粘接片一部分粘住第一绝缘件，粘接片另一部分粘住保护件相对固定，使第一绝缘件和粘接片相对固定，结构简单，操作方便，有助于提升电池单体的加工效率。使第一绝缘件和保护件包围电极组件，有助于提升电极组件的绝缘效果。
在一些实施例中，第一绝缘件包括片状绝缘件，沿着垂直于第一绝缘件的方向，在同一投影面内，第一绝缘件的投影位于粘接片的投影内。
由于第一绝缘件包括片状绝缘件，因此，片状绝缘件能够紧密贴合电极组件和壳体，占用空间较小，覆盖面积较大，能够提供电极组件与壳体间的较好的绝缘效果。由于沿垂直于第一绝缘件的方向，第一绝缘件的投影位于粘接片的投影内，因此，粘接片包围在第一绝缘片远离电极组件的全部表面上，包围在第一绝缘片外的粘接片能够保护其内部的第一绝缘片，有助于降低第一绝缘片的破损情况。并且，粘接片与第一绝缘片间较大面积的粘接有助于提升第一绝缘片的粘接强度。
在一些实施例中，第一绝缘件朝向电极组件的表面设有第一粘接层，第一绝缘件的一部分通过第一粘接层粘接于电极组件，第一绝缘件的另一部分通过第一粘接层粘接于保护件。
由此，第一绝缘件能够紧密贴合在电极组件的表面上，有助于提升电极组件相对于壳体的绝缘效果。第一绝缘件通过第一粘接层将部分保护件固定在第一绝缘件和电极组件之间，无需额外设置粘接层固定保护件，结构简单，有助于简化加工步骤，提升生产效率。
在一些实施例中，电池单体还包括第二绝缘件，第二绝缘件设置于端盖与电极组件之间，沿着第二方向，第二绝缘件从背离电极组件的一侧抵接于保护件。
由于第二绝缘件设置于端盖和电极组件之间，因此，电极组件能够与端盖绝缘，降低意外导通的发生概率。由于沿第二方向，第二绝缘件从背离电极组件的一侧抵接于保护件，因此，第二绝缘件能够压紧保护件实现保护件的固定，从而使保护件压紧隔膜，使隔膜难以伸入端盖和壳体的连接位置，有助于提升端盖和壳体的连接强度，从而提升电池单体的结构强度。
在一些实施例中，沿着第一方向，第二绝缘件不超出保护件。
由此，第二绝缘件的第一方向的尺寸小于开口的第一方向的尺寸，降低第二绝缘件卡在壳体内的概率，并且，当底部不平整的端盖从开口伸入壳体时，第二绝缘件不位于端盖的伸入路径上，不会阻碍到端盖的伸入。
在一些实施例中，端盖设有注液孔，端盖与电极组件之间具有与注液孔连通的导流通道，保护件设置在端面的部分开设有与导流通道连通的第一通孔。
由于端盖设有注液孔，端盖与电极组件间具有与注液孔连通的导流通道，因此，电解液能够从注液孔进入导流通道中，导流通道能够引导至少部分电解液流动到壳体内远离注液孔的区域，降低电解液堆积在注液孔附近的区域的情况，扩大了电解液在壳体内的流动范围，有助于提高电解液的浸透速度。由于保护件设置在端面的部分开设有与导流通道连通的第一通孔，因此，电解液通过第一通孔向极片和隔膜浸润，有助于提升浸润效率。
在一些实施例中，电池单体还包括第二绝缘件，第二绝缘件设置于端盖与电极组件之间，沿着第二方向，第二绝缘件从背离电极组件的一侧抵接于保护件，第二绝缘件朝向保护件的一侧设有第一凹槽，第一凹槽朝向保护件的一侧敞开，第一凹槽形成导流通道的至少部分。
由于沿第二方向，第二绝缘件从背离电极组件的一侧抵接于保护件，因此，第二绝缘件能够压紧保护件实现保护件的固定，使第一通孔能够相对于导流通道保持稳定连通状态，有助于保持稳定的浸润效率。由于第二绝缘件朝向保护件的一侧设有第一凹槽，因此，电解液被第一凹槽引导到保护件上方，从保护件的第一通孔进入电极组件，实现电解液对电极组件的浸润。
在一些实施例中，电池单体还包括第二绝缘件，第二绝缘件设置于端盖与电极组件之间，沿着第二方向，第二绝缘件从背离电极组件的一侧抵接于保护件，第二绝缘件朝向端盖的一侧设有第二凹槽，第二凹槽朝向端盖的一侧敞开，第二凹槽形成导流通道的至少部分，第二凹槽设有第二通孔，导流通道通过第二通孔与第一通孔连通。
由于沿第二方向，第二绝缘件从背离电极组件的一侧抵接于保护件，因此，第二绝缘件能够压紧保护件实现保护件的固定，使第一通孔能够相对于导流通道保持稳定连通状态，有助于保持稳定的浸润效率。由于第二绝缘件朝向端盖的一侧设有第二凹槽，第二凹槽内开设有第二通孔，因此，电解液被第二凹槽引导到保护件上方，从第二通孔流入保护件的第一通孔进入电极组件，实现电解液对电极组件的浸润。
在一些实施例中，第一通孔设有多个，第一通孔沿第三方向排列，其中，第一方向、第二方向和第三方向彼此垂直。
由此，电解液能够与电极组件的较多区域发生接触，有助于电解液在电极组件上的均匀浸润，提高了注液效率。
在一些实施例中，沿着第二方向，在同一投影面内，所有第一通孔的投影的总面积占电极组件的投影的面积的10％至50％。
由此，既有助于使第一通孔的总截面积满足电解液流出的流量要求，又有助于使保护件的结构强度满足要求。
在一些实施例中，每个第一通孔的等效直径小于等于15毫米。
由此，既使得隔膜不易从第一通孔中伸出，又有助于使保护件的结构强度满足要求。
在一些实施例中，端盖的一部分沿第二方向弯折形成凸起部，端盖的一部分伸入壳体中且与壳体的内周面连接，端盖的边缘与壳体的第二方向上的端缘抵接且相互连接。
由于端盖的一部分伸入壳体中且与壳体的内周面连接，因此，壳体的内周面能够对端盖进行限位，使端盖在第一方向和第三方向上难以发生偏移。由于端盖的边缘与壳体的第二方向的端缘抵接且相互连接，因此，壳体的第二方向的端缘托举端盖，对端盖在第二方向相对于壳体的位移被限制，有助于减小端盖和壳体间的缝隙，有助于增强端盖与壳体的连接强度。
在一些实施例中，保护件的朝向电极组件的一侧具有第二粘接层。
由此，保护件将隔膜粘接在端面上，改善隔膜伸入端盖和壳体的连接位置的情况，有助于提升端盖和壳体的连接强度，从而提升电池单体的结构强度。
在一些实施例中，保护件为绝缘材质件。
由此，保护件接触到极片时不影响极片间的绝缘，有助于提升电极组件相对于壳体的绝缘效果。
在一些实施例中，在凸起部的沿第二方向朝向电极组件的一侧具有与容纳空间连通的收纳腔，与第一电极端子电连接的极耳至少容纳于收纳腔内。
由此，通过将与第一电极端子电连接的极耳容纳于凸起部的收纳腔内，有助于使主体部相对于凸起部更加贴近电极组件，从而有助于减小电池单体的整体体积，有助于提高电池单体内的体积利用率。
在一些实施例中，电池单体包括第一电极端子和第二电极端子，端盖具有第一凸起部和第二凸起部，第一凸起部具有第一收纳腔，第二凸起部具有第二收纳腔，第一电极端子的部分位于第一收纳腔内，第二电极端子的部分位于第二收纳腔内。
由于第一电极端子设于第一凸起部且第一电极端子的部分位于第一收纳腔内，第二电极端子设于第二凸起部且第二电极端子的部分位于第二收纳腔内，因此，两电极端子分别收纳于相对独立的收纳腔内，既能够降低第一电极端子和第二电极端子导通的风险，又有助于使主体部相对于凸起部更加贴近电极组件，从而有助于减小电池单体的整体体积，有助于提高电池单体内的体积利用率。
第二方面，本公开实施例还提供了一种电池，包括箱体和至少两个如上所述的电池单体。
由于电池包括具有较强结构强度的电池单体，因此，电池具有较强的使用可靠性。
在一些实施例中，各电池单体沿第一方向排列，在相邻的电池单体中，一个电池单体的第一电极端子与另一个电池单体的第一电极端子通过汇流件电连接。
由此，通过设置汇流件实现了相邻电池单体间的电连接。
在一些实施例中，箱体的至少一个箱壁具有凸台，凸台通过箱壁朝向背离电池单体的方向隆起而形成，凸台在朝向电池单体的一侧形成容纳部，沿着垂直于形成有凸台的箱壁的方向，凸起部的投影不超出凸台的投影，并且，凸起部至少部分容纳于容纳部。
由此，通过将凸起部收纳于凸台的容纳部中，有助于减小箱体的整体体积，有助于提高箱体内的体积利用率。
第三方面，本公开实施例还提供了一种用电装置，包括如上所述的电池单体，或如上所述的电池，电池单体或电池为用电装置供电。
由此，提高了用电装置的使用可靠性。并且，用电装置为电池或电池单体所预留的空间可减小，或是在保持空间不减小的情况下可以提高电池整体的能量，从而有助于提高用电装置的电池及其周边结构的布置自由度，有助于提高用电装置的续航/待机能力。
第四方面，本公开实施例还提供了一种储能装置，包括如上所述的电池单体，或如上所述的电池，电池单体或电池用于储存电能并能够提供电能。
由此，提高了储能装置的使用可靠性。并且，储能装置为电池所预留的空间可减小，或是在保持空间不减小的情况下可以提高电池整体的能量，从而有助于减小储能装置所需占用的空间或是增大储能能力。
上述说明仅是本公开技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本公开的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本公开的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本公开的具体实施方式。
附图说明
图1为本公开一实施例提供的用电装置为车辆的示意图；
图2为本公开一实施例提供的电池的示意图；
图3为本公开一实施例提供的电池单体的示意图；
图4为本公开一实施例提供的电极组件的示意图；
图5为本公开另一实施例提供的电极组件的示意图；
图6为本公开另一实施例提供的电池单体的示意图；
图7为本公开又一实施例提供的电极组件的示意图；
图8为本公开又一实施例提供的电池单体的示意图；
图9为本公开一实施例提供的在保护件设第一通孔的电极组件的示意图；
图10为本公开一实施例提供的电池单体的主视图；
图11为图10中A-A的剖视示意图；
图12为图11中B部分的局部放大示意图；
图13为本公开一实施例提供的电池单体的俯视图；
图14为图13中C-C的剖视示意图；
图15为图14中D部分的局部放大示意图；
图16为本公开一实施例提供的设有第二凹槽的第二绝缘件的示意图；
图17为本公开一实施例提供的设有凸台的电池的示意图。
附图标记说明
1000、车辆；100、电池；101、箱体；1011、凸台；102、电池单体；200、控制器；300、马达；10、
壳体；11、端盖；111、主体部；112、凸起部；112a、收纳腔；113、注液孔；12、电极组件；121、端面；122、第一侧面；123、第二侧面；124、极耳；13、第一电极端子；14、第二电极端子；15、保护件；151、第一通孔；16、第一绝缘件；17、粘接片；18、第二绝缘件；19、导流通道；191、第一凹槽；192、第二凹槽；193、第二通孔；X、第一方向；Z、第二方向；Y、第三方向。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本公开技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本公开的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本公开的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本公开的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本公开；本公开中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本公开实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”“第三”“第四”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本公开实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本公开的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本公开实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是“或”的关系。
在本公开实施例的描述中，技术术语“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本公开实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造、操作或使用，因此不能理解为对本公开实施例的限制。
在本公开实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应作广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本公开实施例中的具体含义。
在本公开实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“接触”应作广义理解，可以是直接接触，也可以是隔着中间媒介层的接触，可以是相接触的两者之间基本上没有相互作用力的接触，也可以是相接触的两者之间具有相互作用力的接触。
下面，对本公开进行详细说明。
新能源电池在生活和产业中的应用越来越广泛，例如，搭载电池的新能源汽车已经被广泛使用，另外，电池还被越来越多地应用于储能领域等。
电池包括至少一个电池单体，电池单体一般包括具有开口的壳体、容纳于壳体中的电极组件和封盖上述开口的端盖。若端盖与壳体的连接位置有异物(例如下文所述的隔膜)存在，则端盖与壳体的连接强度、密封性等可能受到不良影响。电极组件通常包括正负极片和间隔于正负极片之间的隔膜，为了确保极片能够相互绝缘，隔膜的长度一般是要超过极片的。
然而隔膜高出极片的部分可能会伸入端盖和壳体间的缝隙中，可能影响到端盖和壳体的密封性和连接强度，尤其是端盖设有凸起部的电池单体，由于凸出于电极组件表面的结构(例如极耳)可以被集中收纳在凸起部内，因此，端盖未设凸起部的主体部可以设置得离电极组件更近，这导致了隔膜极易伸入到主体部和壳体的连接位置，对端盖和壳体的连接产生影响，从而降低了电池单体的结构强度。因此，如何降低隔膜进入端盖与壳体的连接位置的风险，进而降低隔膜对电池单体强度的影响是业界课题之一。
本公开提供一种能够降低隔膜进入端盖与壳体的连接位置的风险的电池单体。
基于这样的设计构思，本公开的发明人设计了一种电池单体，包括：壳体，壳体具有容纳空间和开口；电极组件，容纳于容纳空间中，电极组件包括至少沿第一方向层叠设置的极片和隔膜，沿着第二方向，电极组件在靠近开口的一侧具有端面，电极组件具有沿着第一方向彼此相对的第一侧面；端盖，端盖封盖开口，端盖包括主体部和与主体部相连的凸起部，沿第二方向，凸起部向远离电极组件的一侧凸起；第一电极端子，设于凸起部且与电极组件电连接；保护件，覆盖部分端面并延伸到至少一个第一侧面，并且，在垂直于第二方向的同一投影面内，保护件与主体部的正投影至少部分重叠，其中，第一方向和第二方向垂直。
由于第一电极端子设于凸起部且与电极组件电连接，因此，第一电极端子的一部分结构能够集中收纳在凸起部中，能够使主体部相对于凸起部更加贴近电极组件，从而有助于减小电池单体的整体体积。由于在垂直于第二方向的同一投影面内，保护件与主体部的正投影至少部分重叠，因此，保护件能够对靠近主体部的隔膜形成束缚，减少了隔膜随意延伸的情况，降低了隔膜伸入端盖和壳体的连接位置的可能，有助于提升端盖和壳体的连接强度，从而提升电池单体的结构强度。
本公开实施例中所涉及的电池单体，可以为二次电池，二次电池是指在电池单体放电后可通过充电的方式使活性材料激活而继续使用的电池单体。
电池单体可以为锂离子电池、钠离子电池、钠锂离子电池、锂金属电池、钠金属电池、锂硫电池、镁离子电池、镍氢电池、镍镉电池、铅蓄电池等，本公开实施例对此并不限定。
电池单体一般包括电极组件。电极组件包括正极极片、负极极片以及隔离件(例如下文中的隔膜)。在电池单体充放电过程中，活性离子(例如锂离子)在正极极片和负极极片之间往返嵌入和脱出。隔离件设置在正极极片和负极极片之间，可以起到防止正负极短路的作用，同时可以使活性离子通过。正极极片一般包括正极集流体和附着于正极集流体的正极活性材料。示例性的，正极集流体可以是铝箔。负极极片一般包括负极集流体和附着于负极集流体的负极活性材料。示例性的，负极集流体可以是铜箔。
在一些实施方式中，电极组件设有极耳，极耳可以将电流从电极组件导出。极耳包括正极耳和负极耳。正极耳可以与正极集流体相连，负极耳可以与负极集流体相连。
在一些实施方式中，电池单体可以包括外壳。外壳用于封装电极组件及电解质等部件。外壳可以为钢壳、铝壳、塑料壳(如聚丙烯)、复合金属壳(如铜铝复合外壳)或铝塑膜等。
作为示例，电池单体可以为圆柱形电池单体、棱柱电池单体、软包电池单体或其它形状的电池单体，棱柱电池单体包括方壳电池单体、刀片形电池单体、多棱柱电池，多棱柱电池例如为六棱柱电池等，本公开没有特别的限制。
在一些实施方式中，外壳上设置有至少一个电极端子，电极端子与极耳电连接。电极端子与极耳可以直接连接，也可以通过转接件等连接。
本公开的实施例所提到的电池可以包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。电池单体有多个时，多个电池单体通过汇流件串联、并联或混联。
在一些实施例中，电池可以为电池模块，电池单体有多个时，多个电池单体排列并固定形成一个电池模块。
在一些实施例中，电池可以为电池包，电池包包括箱体和电池单体，电池单体或电池模块容纳于箱体中。
在一些实施例中，箱体可以作为车辆的底盘结构的一部分。例如，箱体的部分可以成为车辆的地板的至少一部分，或者，箱体的部分可以成为车辆的横梁和纵梁的至少一部分。
在一些实施例中，电池单体或电池可以应用于储能装置。储能装置包括储能集装箱、储能电柜等。
本公开实施例描述的技术方案均适用于各种使用电池单体或电池的用电装置，例如，手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动玩具、电动工具、车辆、船舶和航天器等，例如，航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等。
下面，结合附图，以本公开实施例的用电装置为车辆1000为例进行说明。
图1为本公开一实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。如图1所示，车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本公开一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
下面，结合附图进行详细的说明。
图2为本公开一实施例提供的电池的示意图；图3为本公开一实施例提供的电池单体的示意图；图4为本公开一实施例提供的电极组件的示意图；图5为本公开另一实施例提供的电极组件的示意图；图6为本公开另一实施例提供的电池单体的示意图；图7为本公开又一实施例提供的电极组件的示意图；图8为本公开又一实施例提供的电池单体的示意图；图9为本公开一实施例提供的在保护件设第一通孔的电极组件的示意图；图10为本公开一实施例提供的电池单体的主视图；图11为图10中A-A的剖视示意图；图12为图11中B部分的局部放大示意图；图13为本公开一实施例提供的电池单体的俯视图；图14为图13中C-C的剖视示意图；图15为图14中D部分的局部放大示意图；图16为本公开一实施例提供的设有第二凹槽的第二绝缘件的示意图；图17为本公开一实施例提供的设有凸台的电池的示意图。
第一方面，本公开实施例提供了一种电池单体102，如图3至图10所示，包括：壳体10，壳体10具有容纳空间和开口；电极组件12，容纳于容纳空间中，电极组件12包括至少沿第一方向X层叠设置的极片和隔膜，沿着第二方向Z，电极组件12在靠近开口的一侧具有端面121，电极组件12具有沿着第一方向X彼此相对的第一侧面122；端盖11，端盖11封盖开口，端盖11包括主体部111和与主体部111相连的凸起部112，沿第二方向Z，凸起部112向远离电极组件12的一侧凸起；第一电极端子13，设于凸起部112且与电极组件12电连接；保护件15，覆盖部分端面121并延伸到至少一个第一侧面122，并且，在垂直于第二方向Z的同一投影面内，保护件15与主体部111的正投影至少部分重叠，其中，第一方向X和第二方向Z垂直。
电池单体102包括壳体10、电极组件12、端盖11、第一电极端子13和保护件15。
电极组件12包括极片和隔膜。隔膜紧密贴合并覆盖极片的表面，隔膜的尺寸略大于极片的尺寸。电极组件12可以采用叠片工艺制作，也可以采用卷绕工艺制作，本公开对电极组件12的制作工艺不作任何特殊的限定。
极片可以包括正极极片和负极极片。正极片可以包括正极集流体以及设置在正极集流体至少一个表面的正极活性材料。负极片可以包括负极集流体。
作为示例，正极集流体具有在其自身厚度方向相对的两个表面，正极活性材料设置在正极集流体相对的两个表面的任意一者或两者上。
作为示例，正极集流体可采用金属箔片或复合集流体。例如，作为金属箔片，可采用银表面处理的铝或不锈钢、不锈钢、铜、铝、镍、炭精电极、碳、镍或钛等。复合集流体可包括高分子材料基层和金属层。复合集流体可通过将金属材料(铝、铝合金、镍、镍合金、钛、钛合金、银及银合金等)形成在高分子材料基材(如聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯等的基材)上而形成。
作为示例，正极活性材料可包括以下材料中的至少一种：含锂磷酸盐、锂过渡金属氧化物及其各自的改性化合物。但本公开并不限定于这些材料，还可以使用其他可被用作电池正极活性材料的传统材料。这些正极活性材料可以仅单独使用一种，也可以将两种以上组合使用。其中，含锂磷酸盐的示例可包括但不限于磷酸铁锂(如LiFePO4(也可以简称为LFP))、磷酸铁锂与碳的复合材料、磷酸锰锂(如LiMnPO4)、磷酸锰锂与碳的复合材料、磷酸锰铁锂、磷酸锰铁锂与碳的复合材料中的至少一种。
作为示例，负极集流体可采用金属箔片、泡沫金属或复合集流体。例如，作为金属箔片，可以采用银表面处理的铝或不锈钢、不锈钢、铜、铝、镍、炭精电极、用碳、镍或钛等。复合集流体可包括高分子材料基层和金属层。泡沫金属可以为泡沫镍、泡沫铜、泡沫铝、泡沫合金、或泡沫碳等。复合集流体可通过将金属材料(铜、铜合金、镍、镍合金、钛、钛合金、银及银合金等)形成在高分子材料基材(如聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯等的基材)上而形成。在一些实施例中，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，负极集流体的材料可以为铜。
在一些实施例中，隔膜可以选用任意公知的具有良好的化学稳定性和机械稳定性的多孔结构隔膜。作为示例，隔膜的主要材质可选自玻璃纤维、无纺布、聚乙烯、聚丙烯及聚偏二氟乙烯，陶瓷中的至少一种。
可选地，电极组件12采用叠片工艺制作。在一些实施例中，正极极片和负极极片经过多次反向弯折，使正极极片和负极极片至少沿第一方向X交替层叠，至少在正极极片和负极极片之间设置隔膜。隔膜和极片均向第二方向Z延伸。其中，第一方向X为垂直于隔膜所在平面的方向；第二方向Z为平行于隔膜所在平面的方向，第二方向Z与第一方向X垂直。
同样可选地，电极组件12采用卷绕工艺制作。至少分别设置一个正极极片、负极极片和隔膜，沿第一方向X，正极极片、隔膜和负极极片依次贴合，使用卷绕机卷绕三者，使三者至少沿第一方向X交替层叠。若卷绕后的电极组件12近似圆柱体，则第一方向X为卷绕后的电极组件12的任意径向方向；第二方向Z为卷绕后的电极组件12的轴向方向，第二方向Z与第一方向X垂直。若卷绕后的电极组件12近似立方体，则第一方向X为垂直于隔膜所在平面的方向；第二方向Z为平行于隔膜所在平面的方向，第二方向Z与第一方向X垂直。
电极组件12的第二方向Z的两侧，隔膜相对于极片凸出，隔膜和极片呈凹凸状分布。可将电极组件12的第二方向Z的任一侧的隔膜端部所在的面视为端面121。电极组件12的第一方向X的两侧表面为极片的完整表面或隔膜的完整表面，可将电极组件12的第一方向X的彼此相对的两侧面视为第一侧面122。电极组件12的第三方向Y的两侧表面为完整面。可将电极组件12的第三方向Y的彼此相对的两侧面视为第二侧面123。第一方向X、第二方向Z和第三方向Y彼此垂直。
壳体10围成容纳空间，壳体10构造有朝向一侧的开口，电极组件12能够从开口进入壳体10的容纳空间中。电极组件12置于容纳空间后，电极组件12的第二方向Z的一侧端面121朝向开口，该端面121上隔膜相对于极片凸出，隔膜和极片呈凹凸状分布。壳体10可根据电极组件12的形状构造呈柱形、矩形等，本公开对壳体10的形状不作任何特性的限定。
端盖11封盖壳体10的开口，封闭容纳空间。如图3、图6和图8所示，端盖11包括主体部111和凸起部112。端盖11的一部分向背离容纳空间的方向凸起形成凸起部112，端盖11上未设有凸起部112的部分为主体部111。凸起部112内具有收纳腔112a，收纳腔112a与容纳空间连通，可以用来收纳电极组件12的部分结构和第一电极端子13的部分结构。
在端盖11上设有第一电极端子13，第一电极端子13贯穿端盖11。第一电极端子13的一端置于容纳空间中并与电极组件12电连接，第一电极端子13的另一端从端盖11露出，用于与外界电连接。可将第一电极端子13设置在凸起部112上，使第一电极端子13的部分结构收纳于收纳腔112a内。
在一些实施例中，端盖11包括封盖部，沿第二方向Z，封盖部的投影覆盖开口的投影，封盖部的第二方向Z的一侧表面与壳体10的第二方向Z的一侧表面抵接，可将封盖部和壳体10相互抵接的位置通过焊接连接。端盖11还可以包括限位部，限位部设于封盖部靠近容纳空间的一侧，限位部凸出于封盖部的表面，限位部的至少第一方向X的表面抵接于壳体10的内壁面。
保护件15至少覆盖部分端面121，将端面121上靠近端盖11和壳体10的连接位置的隔膜压在端面121上。具体来说，主体部111与电极组件12的距离相对于凸起部112与电极组件12的距离更近，凸起于端面121的隔膜极易伸入到端盖11的主体部111和壳体10的连接位置，将保护件15至少设置在靠近主体部111和壳体10的连接位置的隔膜上。在垂直于第二方向Z的同一投影面内，保护件15沿第二方向Z的投影和主体部111沿第二方向Z的投影至少部分重叠。
进一步的，保护件15还覆盖至少一个第一侧面122。保护件15包覆端面121到第一侧面122间的边缘，使隔膜相对于主体部111和壳体10的连接位置被完全隔绝。在一些实施例中，保护件15可以从端面121的第一方向X的一侧横跨到另一侧，包覆沿第二方向Z与主体部111的投影重叠的端面121的部分以及这部分的第一方向X的两侧边缘。可选地，保护件15还覆盖至少一个第二侧面123。保护件15可以包覆端面121到第一侧面122间的拐角和/或端面121到第二侧面123间的边缘。
在一些实施例中，保护件15可构造成膜状或片状。作为示例，保护件15可为蓝膜等能够绝缘的膜。
本公开实施例中，由于第一电极端子13设于凸起部112且与电极组件12电连接，因此，第一电极端子13的一部分结构能够集中收纳在凸起部112中，能够使主体部111相对于凸起部112更加贴近电极组件12，从而有助于减小电池单体102的整体体积。由于在垂直于第二方向Z的同一投影面内，保护件15与主体部111的正投影至少部分重叠，因此，保护件15能够对靠近主体部111的隔膜形成束缚，减少了隔膜随意延伸的情况，降低了隔膜伸入端盖11和壳体10的连接位置的可能，有助于提升端盖11和壳体10的连接强度，从而提升电池单体102的结构强度。由于第一电极端子13设于凸起部112且与电极组件12电连接，因此，第一电极端子13的端子盘和转接板等结构、电极组件12的极耳124能够集中收纳在凸起部112中，能够使主体部111相对于凸起部112更加贴近电极组件12，从而有助于减小电池单体102的整体体积。由于电极组件12置于容纳空间中，端盖11封闭壳体10的开口，因此，壳体10和端盖11能够封闭并保护电极组件12。
在一些实施例中，如图4所示，两个保护件15沿第一方向X相互隔开设置，一个保护件15覆盖部分端面121并延伸到一个第一侧面122，另一个保护件15覆盖部分端面121并延伸到另一个第一侧面122。
在一个具体的实施例中，凸起部112从端盖11的第一方向X的一侧延伸至另一侧，端盖11的第三方向Y的两侧设有凸起部112，主体部111位于凸起部112之间。在端面121上，主体部111沿第二方向Z的投影与端面121重合的部分设有保护件15，保护件15至少设置在端面121和第一侧面122间的边缘处。
具体来说，在端面121正对主体部111的部分设有沿第一方向X相互隔开的保护件15，位于端面121的第一方向X的一侧的保护件15向靠近的第一侧面122延伸，位于端面121的第一方向X的另一侧的保护件15向靠近的第一侧面122延伸。
可选地，保护件15选用蓝膜，蓝膜的一侧表面具有粘性。蓝膜的一部分贴在端面121正对主体部111的部分上，蓝膜构造成条形并沿第三方向Y延伸，蓝膜的第三方向Y长度不小于主体部111的第三方向Y的长度；蓝膜的另一部分贴在第一侧面122上，蓝膜使隔膜相对于主体部111和壳体10连接位置隔绝。
凸起部112可位于端盖11的任意位置。若凸起部112相对于端盖11的第三方向Y的一侧具有间隔，则主体部111位于端盖11的第三方向Y的这一侧。沿第二方向Z，端面121正对该主体部111的部分具有三条边缘，位于这三条边缘附近的隔膜极易伸入到主体部111和壳体10的连接位置，可以分别设置保护件15包覆这三条边缘。
具体来说，设置至少三个保护件15。三个保护件15中的两个保护件15沿第三方向Y延伸，其余一个保护件15沿第一方向X延伸。将两个沿第三方向Y延伸的保护件15相互隔开设置在端面121的第一方向X的两侧，这两个保护件15从端面121上分别向相互远离的方向延伸至第一侧面122。沿第一方向X延伸的保护件15设置在端面121的第三方向Y的一侧，并与主体部111的位置对应。
可选地，设置一个保护件15从端面121的第一方向X的一侧沿着端面121的边缘延伸并弯折，直到延长到端面121的第一方向X另一侧，对正对于主体部111的端面121边缘形成包覆。
由于设置保护件15分别覆盖电极组件12的两侧边缘，每个保护件15从端面121延伸至一个第一侧面122即可使隔膜相对于端盖11和壳体10的连接位置被隔开，因此，既能够改善隔膜伸入端盖11和壳体10的连接位置的情况，又能够节约保护件15的用料量。
在一些实施例中，继续参见图4，两个保护件15沿第三方向Y相互隔开设置。
具体来说，如图7所示，在端面121正对主体部111的部分设有沿第三方向Y相互隔开的保护件15，位于端面121的第三方向Y的一侧的保护件15向靠近的第二侧面123延伸，位于端面121的第三方向Y的另一侧的保护件15向靠近的第二侧面123延伸。
可选地，保护件15选用蓝膜，蓝膜的一侧表面具有粘性。蓝膜的一部分贴在端面121正对主体部111的部分上，蓝膜构造成条形并沿第一方向X延伸，蓝膜的第一方向X长度不小于主体部111的第一方向X的长度；蓝膜的另一部分贴在第二侧面123上，蓝膜使隔膜相对于主体部111和壳体10连接位置隔绝。
在一个可选的实施例中，凸起部112构造成分别与端盖11的第一方向X和第三方向Y的两侧具有间隔。示例性的，凸起部112通过冲压工艺形成于端盖11。两个保护件15分别设于端面121的第一方向X的两侧，每个保护件15的一部分设于端面121，保护件15的另一部分设于靠近的第一侧面122。
在一些实施例中，如图5、图7和图9所示，保护件15覆盖部分端面121并延伸到两个第一侧面122。
主体部111沿第二方向Z的投影在端面121上具有重合区域，可以设置保护件15覆盖全部重合的区域。端盖11沿第一方向X延伸，端盖11上未设有凸起部112的位置为主体部111。保护件15从第一方向X一侧的第一侧面122向端面121延伸并覆盖全部重合的区域，再延伸至第一方向X另一侧的第一侧面122。延伸至第一侧面122的保护件15可以覆盖部分或全部第一侧面122。
由于保护件15覆盖端面121和两个第一侧面122，因此，只需一个完整的保护件15从一个第一侧面122跨过端面121延伸到另一个第一侧面122即可完成隔膜的封闭，操作简单，有助于提升电池单体102的加工效率。
在一些实施例中，端盖11设有一个凸起部112。电池单体102还包括第二电极端子14，第二电极端子14与第一电极端子13相互隔开设于凸起部112，第二电极端子14与电极组件12电连接，凸起部112能够容纳部分第二电极端子14和部分第一电极端子13。
在一些实施例中，如图8至图10、图13所示，在端盖11设有两个凸起部112，两个凸起部112沿着第三方向Y间隔设置，电池单体102还包括第二电极端子14，第一电极端子13设于其中一个凸起部112并与电极组件12电连接，第二电极端子14设于另外一个凸起部112并与电极组件12电连接，沿第二方向Z，第一电极端子13与电极组件12的电连接处与保护件15在同一投影面上的投影不重叠，第二电极端子14与电极组件12的电连接处与保护件15在同一投影面上的投影不重叠，其中，第一方向X、第二方向Z和第三方向Y彼此垂直。
端盖11上设有两个凸起部112，每个凸起部112可沿第一方向X延伸，两个凸起部112沿第三方向Y间隔设置。两个凸起部112可设于端盖11的任意位置，比如可将两个凸起部112分别设于端盖11的第三方向Y的两侧。
电池单体102还包括第二电极端子14，第二电极端子14和第一电极端子13相互隔开设置。可将第一电极端子13设于一个凸起部112，第二电极端子14设于另一个凸起部112。第一电极端子13和第二电极端子14分别电连接电极组件12。可将保护件15从正对主体部111的端面121的区域向正对凸起部112的端面121的区域延伸，并避开第一电极端子13和电极组件12电连接的位置以及第二电极端子14和电极组件12电连接的位置。
在一个具体的实施例中，电极组件12包括正极极片、负极极片和隔膜，正极极片具有凸出于端面121的正极极耳，正极极耳与第一电极端子13电连接，负极极片具有凸出于端面121的负极极耳，负极极耳与第二电极端子14电连接。沿第二方向Z，一个凸起部112与正极极耳在同一投影面上的投影至少部分重叠，使正极极耳至少部分被收纳于该凸起部112内；沿第二方向Z，另一个凸起部112与负极极耳在同一投影面上的投影至少部分重叠，使负极极耳至少部分被收纳于该凸起部112内。
第一电极端子13贯穿凸起部112，第一电极端子13的部分收纳于凸起部112内。第一电极端子13的一端与正极极耳电连接，第一电极端子13的另一端设于凸起部112远离容纳空间的表面。第二电极端子14贯穿凸起部112，第二电极端子14的部分收纳于凸起部112内。第二电极端子14的一端与负极极耳电连接，第二电极端子14的另一端设于凸起部112远离容纳空间的表面。保护件15覆盖正对主体部111的端面121上，并可以延伸至最靠近的正极极耳和/或负极极耳的边缘。
由于第一电极端子13设于一个凸起部112，第二电极端子14设于另一个凸起部112，两个凸起部112间隔设置，因此，可以将第一电极端子13的端子盘和转接板等结构以及第二电极端子14的端子盘和转接板等结构分别收纳在不同的凸起部112中，既能够降低第一电极端子13和第二电极端子14导通的风险，又能够使主体部111相对于凸起部112更加贴近电极组件12，从而有助于减小电池单体102的整体体积。由于沿第二方向Z，第一电极端子13与电极组件12的电连接处以及第二电极端子14与电极组件12的电连接处均与保护件15在同一投影面上的投影不重叠，因此，保护件15不妨碍电极端子和电极组件12间的电连接。
在一些实施例中，沿着第二方向Z，主体部111与保护件15在同一投影面上的投影重叠，凸起部112与保护件15在同一投影面上的投影不重叠。
如图15所示，沿着第三方向Y延伸的保护件15的端部与凸起部112还存在些许间距。沿着第三方向Y，保护件15整体位于主体部111的范围内。
由此，即使保护件15的设置位置存在些许偏差，也不容易妨碍电子端子与电极组件之间的电连接，降低了对装配精度的要求，有利于提高生产效率。
在一些实施例中，如图11和图12所示，电池单体102还包括第一绝缘件16，第一绝缘件16设置于壳体10与电极组件12之间，沿着第二方向Z，第一绝缘件16不超出端面121。
在一些实施例中，沿着第二方向Z，主体部111(主体部111和壳体10的最低连接位置)与第一绝缘件16之间存在间隔。
电池单体102还包括第一绝缘件16。第一绝缘件16自身具有绝缘性，示例性的，第一绝缘件16为麦拉片(mylar)。第一绝缘件16设置在壳体10和电极组件12之间。
在一个可选的实施例中，在电极组件12的第一侧面122、第二侧面123和正对于端面121的面上分别设置第一绝缘件16，第一绝缘件16自身具有一定的厚度，使电极组件12上未设有第一绝缘件16的区域相对于壳体10具有间隙，从而使电极组件12与壳体10绝缘。
在另一个可选的实施例中，第一绝缘件16构造成一侧开口的箱型，将电极组件12置于第一绝缘件16内，使第一绝缘件16包覆电极组件12的第一侧面122、第二侧面123和正对于端面121的面，从而实现电极组件12与壳体10间的绝缘。
为了避免第一绝缘件16伸入到壳体10和端盖11的连接位置，沿着第二方向Z，可在第一绝缘件16与主体部111和壳体10的连接位置之间设置间隔。也可将第一绝缘件16伸入保护件15和电极组件12之间。
在一个具体的实施例中，第一绝缘件16围绕电极组件12的第一侧面122、第二侧面123和正对于端面121的面构造成一侧开口的箱型，第一绝缘件16朝向端盖11的一侧设有缺口。沿第二方向Z，第一绝缘件16正对凸起部112的区域与凸起部112和壳体10的连接位置具有间隔，第一绝缘件16正对主体部111的区域与主体部111和壳体10的连接位置具有间隔，第一绝缘件16正对主体部111区域的长度小于正对凸起部112区域的长度以形成缺口。
示例性的，第一绝缘件16与端盖11和壳体10的最低连接位置之间的距离不小于3mm，比如3mm、3.6mm、4.1mm、4.5mm等。
由于第一绝缘件16设置于壳体10和电极组件12之间，因此，电极组件12能够与壳体10绝缘，降低意外导通的发生概率。由于沿着第二方向Z，主体部111和壳体10的最低连接位置与第一绝缘件16间存在间隔，因此，第一绝缘件16难以伸入到主体部111和壳体10的连接位置，有助于提升端盖11和壳体10的连接强度，从而提升电池单体102的结构强度。
在一些实施例中，继续参见图12，第一绝缘件16通过粘接片17粘接于保护件15，粘接片17从背离电极组件12的一侧层叠覆盖于第一绝缘件16，并且，粘接片17的未与所覆盖的第一绝缘件16重叠的部分粘接于保护件15。
粘接片17的一侧具有粘性。沿第二方向Z，粘接片17于主体部111在同一投影面的投影至少部分重叠。粘接片17的一部分粘接第一绝缘件16的远离电极组件12的表面，粘接片17的另一部分粘接保护件15的远离电极组件12的表面。保护件15可位于第一绝缘件16和电极组件12之间，保护件15也可位于第一绝缘件16和粘接片17之间。
若第一绝缘件16与保护件15之间存在间隔，可设置粘接片17的一部分粘接保护件15、一部分粘接电极组件12、其余部分粘接第一绝缘件16。若第一绝缘件16正对凸起部112的第二方向Z的长度超过电极组件12的第二方向Z的长度，可在正对主体部111的第一绝缘件16上设置粘接片17。
由此，粘接片17一部分粘住第一绝缘件16，粘接片17另一部分粘住保护件15相对固定，使第一绝缘件16和粘接片17相对固定，结构简单，操作方便，有助于提升电池单体102的加工效率。使第一绝缘件16和保护件15包围电极组件12，有助于提升电极组件12的绝缘效果。
在一些实施例中，第一绝缘件16包括片状绝缘件，沿着垂直于第一绝缘件16的方向，在同一投影面内，第一绝缘件16的投影位于粘接片17的投影内。
第一绝缘件16可包括片状绝缘件和块状绝缘件。第一绝缘件16靠近壳体10的表面设置片状绝缘件，沿着垂直于第一绝缘件16的方向，在同一投影面内，第一绝缘件16的投影位于粘接片17的投影内，即，片状绝缘件包覆全部的第一绝缘件16。可选地，片状绝缘件的两侧具有粘性。
由于第一绝缘件16包括片状绝缘件，因此，片状绝缘件能够紧密贴合电极组件12和壳体10，占用空间较小，覆盖面积较大，能够提供电极组件12与壳体10间的较好的绝缘效果。由于沿垂直于第一绝缘件16的方向，第一绝缘件16的投影位于粘接片17的投影内，因此，粘接片17包围在第一绝缘片远离电极组件12的全部表面上，包围在第一绝缘片外的粘接片17能够保护其内部的第一绝缘片，有助于降低第一绝缘片的破损情况。并且，粘接片17与第一绝缘片间较大面积的粘接有助于提升第一绝缘片的粘接强度。
在一些实施例中，第一绝缘件16朝向电极组件12的表面设有第一粘接层，第一绝缘件16的一部分通过第一粘接层粘接于电极组件12，第一绝缘件16的另一部分通过第一粘接层粘接于保护件15。
第一绝缘件16朝向电极组件12的表面设置第一粘接层。第一绝缘件16通过第一粘接层粘接于电极组件12。沿垂直于第一绝缘件16的方向，在同一投影面内，第一绝缘件16的投影和保护件15的投影具有重叠，第一绝缘件16通过第一粘接层粘接于保护件15。进一步的，在第一绝缘件16朝向壳体10的表面也设置第一粘接层。
在一个可选的实施例中，将第一绝缘件16向端面121弯折并延伸，并且沿第二方向Z，在同一投影面内，第一绝缘件16的投影位于保护件15的投影内。
由此，第一绝缘件16能够紧密贴合在电极组件12的表面上，有助于提升电极组件12相对于壳体10的绝缘效果。第一绝缘件16通过第一粘接层将部分保护件15固定在第一绝缘件16和电极组件12之间，无需额外设置粘接层固定保护件15，结构简单，有助于简化加工步骤，提升生产效率。
在一些实施例中，如图11至图16所示，电池单体102还包括第二绝缘件18，第二绝缘件18设置于端盖11与电极组件12之间，沿着第二方向Z，第二绝缘件18从背离电极组件12的一侧抵接于保护件15。
电池单体102还包括第二绝缘件18，第二绝缘件18设置于端盖11与电极组件12之间，并能够向端面121压紧保护件15。
第二绝缘件18具有绝缘性，示例性的，第二绝缘件18为下塑胶。
由于第二绝缘件18设置于端盖11和电极组件12之间，因此，电极组件12能够与端盖11绝缘，降低意外导通的发生概率。由于沿第二方向Z，第二绝缘件18从背离电极组件12的一侧抵接于保护件15，因此，第二绝缘件18能够压紧保护件15实现保护件15的固定，从而使保护件15压紧隔膜，使隔膜难以伸入端盖11和壳体10的连接位置，有助于提升端盖11和壳体10的连接强度，从而提升电池单体102的结构强度。
在一些实施例中，沿着第一方向X，第二绝缘件18不超出保护件15。
由此，第二绝缘件18的第一方向X的尺寸小于开口的第一方向X的尺寸，降低第二绝缘件18卡在壳体10内的概率，并且，当底部不平整的端盖11从开口伸入壳体10时，第二绝缘件18不位于端盖11的伸入路径上，不会阻碍到端盖11的伸入。
在一些实施例中，如图8和图15所示，端盖11设有注液孔113，端盖11与电极组件12之间具有与注液孔113连通的导流通道19，保护件15设置在端面121的部分开设有与导流通道19连通的第一通孔151。
注液孔113的数量可以是一个，也可以是多个。注液孔113贯穿端盖11，以连通容纳空间和外部，使电解液能够通过注液孔113进入容纳空间中。在图15所示的实施例中，注液孔113中插入有用于封堵注液孔113的封堵件，例如密封钉等。
端盖11和电极组件12之间具有空隙，在该空隙内形成导流通道19，导流通道19可以是该间隙的一部分，也可以是在间隙中由电池单体102内的结构所围设形成。导流通道19向电极组件12的方向敞开。
在一个可选的实施例中，保护件15从一个第一侧面122向端面121延伸弯折，覆盖部分端面121后向另一个第一侧面122延伸弯折，电解液从导流通道19的敞开位置流到保护件15上，在保护件15位于端面121上的部分开设第一通孔151，电解液穿过第一通孔151浸润电极组件12。
在另一个可选的实施例中，保护件15沿第一方向X相互隔开设置。若沿第二方向Z，保护件15与导流通道19的敞开区域在同一投影面上具有重合，则在保护件15正对导流通道19的敞开区域的位置上开设第一通孔151。若沿第二方向Z，保护件15与到导流通道19的敞开区域在同一投影面上不重合，则电解液从导流通道19的敞开位置直接流到电机组件上，可不在保护件15上设置第一通孔151。
在一些实施例中，注液孔113设置于凸起部112，凸起部112朝向电极组件12的一侧具有收纳腔112a，收纳腔112a与容纳空间连通。注液孔113通过收纳腔112a与导流通道19连通。收纳腔112a能够暂时积存电解液，降低电解液注入过多而溢出的发生几率。
在一些实施例中，在端盖11的第三方向Y的两侧分别设置凸起部112，在每个凸起部112上开设注液孔113，导流通道19连通两侧的收纳腔112a。使电解液具有较大的流动范围，能够满足电极组件12上多个位置的注液需求。
由于端盖11设有注液孔113，端盖11与电极组件12间具有与注液孔113连通的导流通道19，因此，电解液能够从注液孔113进入导流通道19中，导流通道19能够引导至少部分电解液流动到壳体10内远离注液孔113的区域，降低电解液堆积在注液孔113附近的区域的情况，扩大了电解液在壳体10内的流动范围，有助于提高电解液的浸透速度。由于保护件15设置在端面121的部分开设有与导流通道19连通的第一通孔151，因此，电解液通过第一通孔151向极片和隔膜浸润，有助于提升浸润效率。
在一些实施例中，如图11和图12所示，电池单体102还包括第二绝缘件18，第二绝缘件18设置于端盖11与电极组件12之间，沿着第二方向Z，第二绝缘件18从背离电极组件12的一侧抵接于保护件15，第二绝缘件18朝向保护件15的一侧设有第一凹槽191，第一凹槽191朝向保护件15的一侧敞开，第一凹槽191形成导流通道19的至少部分。
导流通道19可由第二绝缘件18和端面121共同围设形成。第二绝缘件18位于端盖11和保护件15之间，在第二绝缘件18朝向保护件15的一侧开设第一凹槽191，第一凹槽191沿第三方向Y延伸，第一凹槽191与注液孔113连通，第一凹槽191朝向保护件15的一侧敞开并与保护件15共同形成导流通道19。第一凹槽191中的电解液能够经第一凹槽191朝向电极组件12的敞开位置流出并直接与电极组件12接触。
示例性的，第二绝缘件18可采用塑胶材料，塑胶材料通过注塑工艺进行制造形成具有第一凹槽191的第二绝缘件18。
由于沿第二方向Z，第二绝缘件18从背离电极组件12的一侧抵接于保护件15，因此，第二绝缘件18能够压紧保护件15实现保护件15的固定，使第一通孔151能够相对于导流通道19保持稳定连通状态，有助于保持稳定的浸润效率。由于第二绝缘件18朝向保护件15的一侧设有第一凹槽191，因此，电解液被第一凹槽191引导到保护件15上方，从保护件15的第一通孔151进入电极组件12，实现电解液对电极组件12的浸润。
在一些实施例中，如图16所示，电池单体102还包括第二绝缘件18，第二绝缘件18设置于端盖11与电极组件12之间，沿着第二方向Z，第二绝缘件18从背离电极组件12的一侧抵接于保护件15，第二绝缘件18朝向端盖11的一侧设有第二凹槽192，第二凹槽192朝向端盖11的一侧敞开，第二凹槽192形成导流通道19的至少部分，第二凹槽192设有第二通孔193，导流通道19通过第二通孔193与第一通孔151连通。
导流通道19可由第二绝缘件18单独围设形成。第二绝缘件18位于端盖11和保护件15之间，在第二绝缘件18朝向端盖11的一侧设有第二凹槽192，第二凹槽192沿第三方向Y延伸，第二凹槽192与注液孔113连通。第二凹槽192内开设第二通孔193，沿第二方向Z，第二通孔193与第一通孔151在同一投影面内的投影重合，使第二通孔193与第一通孔151连通。电解液沿第二凹槽192流动，并从第二通孔193流入到第一通孔151，从而通过第一通孔151进入电极组件12。
由于沿第二方向Z，第二绝缘件18从背离电极组件12的一侧抵接于保护件15，因此，第二绝缘件18能够压紧保护件15实现保护件15的固定，使第一通孔151能够相对于导流通道19保持稳定连通状态，有助于保持稳定的浸润效率。由于第二绝缘件18朝向端盖11的一侧设有第二凹槽192，第二凹槽192内开设有第二通孔193，因此，电解液被第二凹槽192引导到保护件15上方，从第二通孔193流入保护件15的第一通孔151进入电极组件12，实现电解液对电极组件12的浸润。
在一些实施例中，如图9所示，第一通孔151设有多个，第一通孔151沿第三方向Y排列，其中，第一方向X、第二方向Z和第三方向Y彼此垂直。
第一通孔151设有多个，可沿第三方向Y均匀设置第一通孔151。每个第一通孔151的形状可构造成不同或相同，每个第一通孔151的尺寸可构造成不同或相同，本公开对第一通孔151的尺寸和形状不作任何特殊的限定。
可选地，第二通道对应第一通道设有多个，并沿第三方向Y排列。由此，电解液能够与电极组件12的较多区域发生接触，有助于电解液在电极组件12上的均匀浸润，提高了注液效率。
在一些实施例中，沿着第二方向Z，在同一投影面内，所有第一通孔151的投影的总面积占电极组件12的投影的面积的10％至50％。
沿着第二方向Z，在同一投影面内，所有第一通孔151的投影总面积与电极组件12投影的面积的比值可以是10％、22％、30％、45％、50％等。
可选地，所有第二通孔193的投影的总面积占电极组件12投影的面积的10％至50％。
由此，既有助于使第一通孔151的总截面积满足电解液流出的流量要求，又有助于使保护件15的结构强度满足要求。
在一些实施例中，每个第一通孔151的等效直径小于等于15毫米。
每个第一通孔151的等效直径可以是2毫米、4毫米、6.2毫米、7毫米、8.5毫米、10毫米、12.5毫米、15毫米等。
可选地，第二通孔193的等效直径小于等于15毫米。
由此，既使得隔膜不易从第一通孔151中伸出，又有助于使保护件15的结构强度满足要求。
在一些实施例中，端盖11部分沿第二方向Z弯折形成凸起部112，端盖11的一部分伸入壳体10中且与壳体10的内周面连接，端盖11的边缘与壳体10的第二方向Z上的端缘抵接且相互连接。
端盖11部分沿第二方向Z弯折形成凸起部112，壳体10的第二方向Z的边缘对应凸起部112的位置设置隆起部，隆起部沿第一方向X相互隔开并与凸起部112共同围成收纳腔112a。端盖11的部分伸入到壳体10中并与壳体10的内周面连接，端盖11的边缘与壳体10的第二方向Z上的端缘抵接且相互连接。
在一个具体的实施例中，端盖11包括封盖部和限位部。沿第二方向Z，在同一投影面内，开口的投影位于封盖部的投影内，封盖部的第二方向Z的一侧表面与壳体10的第二方向Z的一侧表面抵接，可将封盖部和壳体10相互抵接的位置通过焊接连接。限位部设于封盖部靠近容纳空间的一侧，限位部凸出于封盖部的表面，限位部的至少第一方向X的表面抵接于壳体10的内壁面。
由于端盖11的一部分伸入壳体10中且与壳体10的内周面连接，因此，壳体10的内周面能够对端盖11进行限位，使端盖11在第一方向X和第三方向Y上难以发生偏移。由于端盖11的边缘与壳体10的第二方向Z的端缘抵接且相互连接，因此，壳体10的第二方向Z的端缘托举端盖11，对端盖11在第二方向Z相对于壳体10的位移被限制，有助于减小端盖11和壳体10间的缝隙，有助于增强端盖11与壳体10的连接强度。
在一些实施例中，保护件15的朝向电极组件12的一侧具有第二粘接层。
保护件15通过第二粘接层粘接于电极组件12上。还可在保护件15朝向端盖11的一侧设置第二粘接层，第二绝缘件18通过第二粘接层粘接在保护件15上。
由此，保护件15将隔膜粘接在端面121上，改善隔膜伸入端盖11和壳体10的连接位置的情况，有助于提升端盖11和壳体10的连接强度，从而提升电池单体102的结构强度。
在一些实施例中，保护件15采用绝缘材质。
示例性的，保护件15可采用聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚丁烯等绝缘材质。
由此，保护件15接触到极片时不影响极片间的绝缘，有助于提升电极组件12相对于壳体10的绝缘效果。
在一些实施例中，如图15所示，在凸起部112的沿第二方向Z朝向电极组件12的一侧具有与容纳空间连通的收纳腔112a，与第一电极端子13的电连接的极耳124至少容纳于收纳腔112a内。
凸起部112通过向远离容纳空间的一侧凸起而形成，凸起部112靠近容纳空间的一侧具有收纳腔112a，收纳腔112a与容纳空间连通。电极组件12具有极耳124，第一电极端子13电连接极耳124。可将极耳124全部收纳于收纳腔112a内，也可将极耳124的一部分收纳于收纳腔112a内，极耳124的另一部分收纳于容纳空间中。
由此，通过将与第一电极端子13电连接的极耳124容纳于凸起部112的收纳腔112a内，有助于使主体部111相对于凸起部112更加贴近电极组件12，从而有助于减小电池单体102的整体体积，有助于提高电池单体102内的体积利用率。
在一些实施例中，电池单体102包括第一电极端子13和第二电极端子14，端盖11具有第一凸起部和第二凸起部，第一凸起部具有第一收纳腔，第二凸起部具有第二收纳腔，第一电极端子13的部分位于第一收纳腔内，第二电极端子14的部分位于第二收纳腔内。
第一凸起部和第二凸起部相互隔开设置于端盖11，在第一凸起部上设置第一电极端子13，在第二凸起部上设置第二电极端子14。电极组件12具有第一极耳124和第二极耳124。第一电极端子13的部分穿过第一凸起部与第一极耳124电连接，并收纳于第一收纳腔中。第二电极端子14的部分穿过第二凸起部与第二极耳124电连接，并收纳于第二收纳腔中。示例性地，如图15所示，第二电极端子14可以包括位于第二凸起部的上方的端子板和位于第二凸起部的下方的端子盘，端子板与端子盘通过沿图中上下方向延伸的连接柱连接。第一电极端子13可以同样地构成。
由于第一电极端子13设于第一凸起部且第一电极端子13的部分位于第一收纳腔内，第二电极端子14设于第二凸起部且第二电极端子14的部分位于第二收纳腔内，因此，两电极端子分别收纳于相对独立的收纳腔112a内，既能够降低第一电极端子13和第二电极端子14导通的风险，又有助于使主体部111相对于凸起部112更加贴近电极组件12，从而有助于减小电池单体102的整体体积，有助于提高电池单体102内的体积利用率。
第二方面，本公开实施例还提供了一种电池100，包括箱体101和至少两个如上所述的电池单体102。
电池单体102至少沿第一方向X排列在箱体101内，且相互串联或并联。
由于电池包括具有较强结构强度的电池单体102，因此，电池具有较强的使用可靠性。
在一些实施例中，如图2和图17所示，各电池单体102沿第一方向X排列，在相邻的电池单体102中，一个电池单体102的第一电极端子13与另一个电池单体102的第一电极端子13通过汇流件电连接。
由此，通过设置汇流件实现了相邻电池单体102间的电连接。
在一些实施例中，如图17所示，箱体101的至少一个箱壁具有凸台1011，凸台1011通过箱壁朝向背离电池单体102的方向隆起而形成，凸台1011在朝向电池单体102的一侧形成容纳部，沿着垂直于形成有凸台1011的箱壁的方向，凸起部112的投影不超出凸台1011的投影，并且，凸起部112至少部分容纳于容纳部。
由此，通过将凸起部112收纳于凸台1011的容纳部中，有助于减小箱体101的整体体积，有助于提高箱体101内的体积利用率。
第三方面，本公开实施例还提供了一种用电装置，包括如上所述的电池单体102，或如上所述的电池100，电池单体102或电池为用电装置供电。
由此，提高了用电装置的使用可靠性。并且，用电装置为电池或电池单体102所预留的空间可减小，或是在保持空间不减小的情况下可以提高电池整体的能量，从而有助于提高用电装置的电池及其周边结构的布置自由度，有助于提高用电装置的续航/待机能力。
第四方面，本公开实施例还提供了一种储能装置，包括如上所述的电池单体102，或如上所述的电池100，电池单体102或电池用于储存电能并能够提供电能。
由此，提高了储能装置的使用可靠性。并且，储能装置为电池所预留的空间可减小，或是在保持空间不减小的情况下可以提高电池整体的能量，从而有助于减小储能装置所需占用的空间或是增大储能能力。
下面对本公开的一个具体的实施例进行说明。
端盖11和壳体10通过焊接连接。裸电芯(电极组件12)的顶部(端面121)贴蓝膜(保护件15)，将隔膜封闭在裸电芯的表面上，使隔膜相对于端盖11与壳体10的连接位置隔绝。
裸电芯(电极组件12)的绝缘片(第一绝缘件16)与焊接区域较近，对焊接也会产生一定的不良影响。在第一绝缘件16正对主体部111的位置设缺口，使第一绝缘件16与端盖11和壳体10的连接位置具有间隔，避免第一绝缘件16伸入到端盖11和壳体10的焊接区域之间，减小对焊接的影响。
在端盖11和电极组件12之间设有下塑胶(第二绝缘件18)，沿第三方向Y，蓝膜(保护件15)要比下塑胶(第二绝缘件18)长，但不超过设置极柱(第一电极端子13和第二电极端子14)的区域。
至少在靠近裸电芯(电极组件12)边缘设置蓝膜(保护件15)，在两侧边缘的中间可只设置下塑胶(第二绝缘件18)。
主体部111和端面121较为靠近，下塑胶(第二绝缘件18)高度降低，第一绝缘件16与下塑胶(第二绝缘件18)固定难度较大，设置粘接片17将第一绝缘件16粘在电极组件12或保护件15上，使第一绝缘件16被固定。
在蓝膜(保护件15)上设置多个第一通孔151，增加浸润性能。每个第一通孔151的等效直接不大于15毫米，所有通孔的总面积与端面121的总面积之比在10％至50％的范围内。
以上所述仅为本公开的较佳实施例而已，并不用于限制本公开，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本公开可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本公开的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。

Claims (27)

  1. 一种电池单体，包括：
    壳体，所述壳体具有容纳空间和开口；
    电极组件，容纳于所述容纳空间中，所述电极组件包括至少沿第一方向层叠设置的极片和隔膜，沿着第二方向，所述电极组件在靠近所述开口的一侧具有端面，所述电极组件具有沿着所述第一方向彼此相对的第一侧面；
    端盖，所述端盖封盖所述开口，所述端盖包括主体部和与所述主体部相连的凸起部，沿所述第二方向，所述凸起部向远离所述电极组件的一侧凸起；
    第一电极端子，设于所述凸起部且与所述电极组件电连接；
    保护件，覆盖部分所述端面并延伸到至少一个所述第一侧面，并且，在垂直于所述第二方向的同一投影面内，所述保护件与所述主体部的正投影至少部分重叠，
    其中，所述第一方向和所述第二方向垂直。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，
    所述保护件覆盖部分所述端面并延伸到两个所述第一侧面。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池单体，其中，
    在所述端盖设有两个凸起部，两个所述凸起部沿着第三方向间隔设置，
    所述电池单体还包括第二电极端子，所述第一电极端子设于其中一个凸起部并与所述电极组件电连接，所述第二电极端子设于另外一个凸起部并与所述电极组件电连接，
    沿所述第二方向，所述第一电极端子与所述电极组件的电连接处与所述保护件在同一投影面上的投影不重叠，所述第二电极端子与所述电极组件的电连接处与所述保护件在同一投影面上的投影不重叠，
    其中，所述第一方向、所述第二方向和所述第三方向彼此垂直。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体，其中，
    沿着所述第二方向，所述主体部与所述保护件在同一投影面上的投影重叠，所述凸起部与所述保护件在同一投影面上的投影不重叠。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，
    所述电池单体还包括第一绝缘件，所述第一绝缘件设置于所述壳体与所述电极组件之间，
    沿着所述第二方向，所述第一绝缘件不超出所述端面。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池单体，其中，
    沿着所述第二方向，所述主体部与所述第一绝缘件之间存在间隔。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的电池单体，其中，
    所述第一绝缘件通过粘接片粘接于所述保护件，所述粘接片从背离所述电极组件的一侧层叠覆盖于所述第一绝缘件，并且，所述粘接片的未与所覆盖的第一绝缘件重叠的部分粘接于所述保护件。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池单体，其中，
    所述第一绝缘件包括片状绝缘件，
    沿着垂直于所述第一绝缘件的方向，在同一投影面内，所述第一绝缘件的投影位于所述粘接片的投影内。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的电池单体，其中，
    所述第一绝缘件朝向所述电极组件的表面设有第一粘接层，所述第一绝缘件的一部分通过所述第一粘接层粘接于所述电极组件，所述第一绝缘件的另一部分通过所述第一粘接层粘接于所述保护件。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，
    所述电池单体还包括第二绝缘件，所述第二绝缘件设置于所述端盖与所述电极组件之间，
    沿着所述第二方向，所述第二绝缘件从背离所述电极组件的一侧抵接于所述保护件。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池单体，其中，
    沿着所述第一方向，所述第二绝缘件不超出所述保护件。
  12. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，
    所述端盖设有注液孔，所述端盖与所述电极组件之间具有与所述注液孔连通的导流通道，所述保护件设置在所述端面的部分开设有与所述导流通道连通的第一通孔。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池单体，其中，
    所述电池单体还包括第二绝缘件，所述第二绝缘件设置于所述端盖与所述电极组件之间，沿着所述第二方向，所述第二绝缘件从背离所述电极组件的一侧抵接于所述保护件，
    所述第二绝缘件朝向所述保护件的一侧设有第一凹槽，所述第一凹槽朝向所述保护件的一侧敞开，所述第一凹槽形成所述导流通道的至少部分。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的电池单体，其中，
    所述电池单体还包括第二绝缘件，所述第二绝缘件设置于所述端盖与所述电极组件之间，沿着所述第二方向，所述第二绝缘件从背离所述电极组件的一侧抵接于所述保护件，
    所述第二绝缘件朝向所述端盖的一侧设有第二凹槽，所述第二凹槽朝向所述端盖的一侧敞开，所述第二凹槽形成所述导流通道的至少部分，所述第二凹槽设有第二通孔，所述导流通道通过所述第二通孔与所述第一通孔连通。
  15. 根据权利要求12至14中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，
    所述第一通孔设有多个，所述第一通孔沿第三方向排列，
    其中，所述第一方向、所述第二方向和所述第三方向彼此垂直。
  16. 根据权利要求12至15中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，
    沿着所述第二方向，在同一投影面内，所有所述第一通孔的投影的总面积占所述电极组件的投影的面积的10％至50％。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电池单体，其中，
    每个所述第一通孔的等效直径小于等于15毫米。
  18. 根据权利要求1至17中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，
    所述端盖的一部分沿所述第二方向弯折形成凸起部，
    所述端盖的一部分伸入所述壳体中且与所述壳体的内周面连接，所述端盖的边缘与所述壳体的所述第二方向上的端缘抵接且相互连接。
  19. 根据权利要求1至18中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，
    所述保护件的朝向所述电极组件的一侧具有第二粘接层。
  20. 根据权利要求1至19中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，
    所述保护件为绝缘材质件。
  21. 根据权利要求1至20中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，
    在所述凸起部的沿所述第二方向朝向所述电极组件的一侧具有与所述容纳空间连通的收纳腔，
    与所述第一电极端子电连接的极耳至少容纳于所述收纳腔内。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的电池单体，其中，
    所述电池单体包括第一电极端子和第二电极端子，
    所述端盖具有第一凸起部和第二凸起部，所述第一凸起部具有第一收纳腔，所述第二凸起部具有第二收纳腔，
    所述第一电极端子的部分位于所述第一收纳腔内，所述第二电极端子的部分位于所述第二收纳腔内。
  23. 一种电池，包括箱体和至少两个权利要求1至22中任一项所述的电池单体。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的电池，其中，
    各所述电池单体沿所述第一方向排列，
    在相邻的所述电池单体中，一个所述电池单体的所述第一电极端子与另一个所述电池单体的所述第一电极端子通过汇流件电连接。
  25. 根据权利要求23或24所述的电池，其中，
    所述箱体的至少一个箱壁具有凸台，所述凸台通过所述箱壁朝向背离所述电池单体的方向隆起而形成，所述凸台在朝向所述电池单体的一侧形成容纳部，
    沿着垂直于形成有所述凸台的所述箱壁的方向，所述凸起部的投影不超出所述凸台的投影，并且，所述凸起部至少部分容纳于所述容纳部。
  26. 一种用电装置，所述用电装置包括多个权利要求1至22中任一项所述的电池单体，或权利要求23至25中任一项所述的电池，所述电池单体或所述电池为所述用电装置供电。
  27. 一种储能装置，所述储能装置包括多个权利要求1至22中任一项所述的电池单体，或权利要求23至25中任一项所述的电池，所述电池单体或所述电池用于储存电能并能够提供电能。
PCT/CN2025/082651 2024-07-02 2025-03-14 电池单体、电池、用电装置及储能装置 Pending WO2026007458A1 (zh)

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