WO2026001075A1 - 电池单体、电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池及用电装置

Info

Publication number
WO2026001075A1
WO2026001075A1 PCT/CN2025/081530 CN2025081530W WO2026001075A1 WO 2026001075 A1 WO2026001075 A1 WO 2026001075A1 CN 2025081530 W CN2025081530 W CN 2025081530W WO 2026001075 A1 WO2026001075 A1 WO 2026001075A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode tab
negative electrode
positive electrode
battery cell
positive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2025/081530
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
苏华圣
柯海波
蔡润琛
郑于炼
王鹏
金海族
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Publication of WO2026001075A1 publication Critical patent/WO2026001075A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/107—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/533—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the leads or tabs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery cell, a battery, and an electrical device.
  • Battery cells are widely used in electronic devices such as mobile phones, laptops, electric vehicles, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric ships, electric toy cars, electric toy ships, electric toy airplanes, and power tools.
  • Battery cells can include nickel-cadmium battery cells, nickel-metal hydride battery cells, lithium-ion battery cells, and rechargeable alkaline zinc-manganese battery cells, among others.
  • this application provides a battery cell, a battery, and an electrical device that can improve the preparation yield of the battery cell.
  • this application provides a battery cell including a housing and an electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly is disposed inside the housing and includes a main body, a positive electrode tab, and a negative electrode tab.
  • the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab are located on the same side of the main body along a first direction, which is the axial direction of the battery cell.
  • the size of the positive electrode tab in the first direction is larger than the size of the negative electrode tab in the first direction.
  • the height dimension of at least one of the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab in the first direction is adjusted.
  • the negative electrode tab can be further compressed so that the dimension of at least part of the positive electrode tab in the first direction is larger than the dimension of at least part of the negative electrode tab in the first direction, thereby reducing the density difference between the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab, thereby improving the welding yield of the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab and improving the reliability of the battery cell preparation.
  • the electrode assembly includes a plurality of first layer structures stacked along a second direction and a plurality of second layer structures stacked along the second direction, the first layer structures and the second layer structures being spaced apart, the plurality of first layer structures forming a positive electrode tab, the plurality of second layer structures forming a negative electrode tab, the first direction intersecting the second direction, and the thickness of the first layer structure being greater than the thickness of the second layer structure.
  • the negative electrode tab is further compressed so that the height dimension of the negative electrode tab in the first direction is smaller than that of the positive electrode tab in the first direction. This increases the density of the negative electrode tab and reduces the density difference between the positive and negative electrode tabs, which helps to improve the welding yield and the reliability of battery cell preparation.
  • the positive electrode tab is made of aluminum, and the negative electrode tab is made of copper.
  • the negative electrode tab can be further compressed relative to the positive electrode tab, thereby increasing the density of the negative electrode tab, reducing the risk of the separator being burned at the welding position corresponding to the negative electrode tab during the welding process, and improving the preparation yield and reliability of the battery cell.
  • the positive electrode tab has a dimension of H1 in the first direction and the negative electrode tab has a dimension of H2 in the first direction, wherein H1 and H2 satisfy: 0.2mm ⁇ H1-H2 ⁇ 1.5mm.
  • the height relationship between the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab in the first direction is further restricted, so that the height of the positive electrode tab exceeding the negative electrode tab in the first direction is not less than 0.2 mm and not more than 1.5 mm. This ensures that the density difference between the two can be controlled within a certain range. As a result, if the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab are welded reliably, the problem of the insulating component being burned or poorly welded at the corresponding welding position of the other electrode tab is reduced, thereby improving the welding reliability of the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab and improving the preparation yield of the battery cell.
  • the density R1 of the positive electrode tab is 0.2 g/cm3 ⁇ R1 ⁇ 1 g/cm3, and/or the density R2 of the negative electrode tab is 0.5 g/cm3 ⁇ R2 ⁇ 1.5 g/cm3.
  • the density difference between the corresponding positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab is reduced, thereby reducing the risk of the insulating component being burned due to the low density of at least one of the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab, and also helping to improve the welding strength of at least one of the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab, thereby improving the preparation yield of the battery cell.
  • the battery cell further includes a positive terminal and a negative terminal disposed on the casing and insulated from each other, the positive terminal being electrically connected to the positive electrode tab and the negative terminal being electrically connected to the negative electrode tab.
  • the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab are located at the same end of the main body. They can be welded and fixed separately using the same laser equipment. Based on this, by adjusting the size of the negative electrode tab and the positive electrode tab in the first direction, the density between them is kept the same or similar, thereby improving the welding reliability of the corresponding positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab and improving the preparation yield of the battery cell.
  • the battery cell further includes a current collector, which includes a first connection portion connected to the positive electrode tab and a second connection portion connected to the negative electrode tab, the first connection portion and the second connection portion being insulated from each other.
  • the first connection portion has a first surface facing the positive electrode tab
  • the second connection portion has a second surface facing the negative electrode tab, the first surface being located on the side of the second surface away from the main body.
  • the structure of at least one of the first connecting part and the second connecting part is adjusted so that the first surface in the first connecting part is located on the side of the second surface in the second connecting part away from the main body, so that the first connecting part and the second connecting part are respectively matched and connected with the tabs of different heights, thereby meeting the connection requirements between the tabs and the current collector.
  • the current collector further includes an insulating portion disposed between the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion, the first connecting portion having a first connecting end connected to the insulating portion, the second connecting portion having a second connecting end connected to the insulating portion, and the first connecting end being located on the side of the second connecting end away from the main body portion.
  • the first connecting end is the end structure on the first connecting portion for connecting to the insulating portion
  • the second connecting end is the end structure on the second connecting portion for connecting to the insulating portion.
  • the first connecting portion includes a first body portion and a first protrusion protruding from the first body portion toward the positive electrode tab, the protrusion dimension of the first protrusion relative to the first body portion being L1.
  • the second connecting portion includes a second body portion and a second protrusion protruding from the second body portion toward the negative electrode tab, the protrusion dimension of the second protrusion relative to the second body portion being L2, where L2 > L1.
  • the protrusion dimensions of the first and second protrusions are limited, so that the protrusion dimension L1 of the first protrusion relative to the first body is smaller than the protrusion dimension L2 of the second protrusion relative to the second body. That is, the second protrusion protrudes closer to the body relative to the first protrusion, so as to achieve the contact connection between the first protrusion and the positive electrode tab and the contact connection between the second protrusion and the negative electrode tab, which has strong practicality.
  • the battery cell is a cylindrical battery cell.
  • the negative electrode tab in the cylindrical battery cell is further compressed so that the size of the positive electrode tab in the first direction is larger than that of the negative electrode tab in the first direction. This reduces the density difference between the positive and negative electrode tabs, thereby improving the welding yield of the positive and negative electrode tabs and enhancing the reliability of the cylindrical battery cell manufacturing process.
  • embodiments of this application provide a battery, which includes the battery cell in any of the foregoing embodiments.
  • embodiments of this application provide an electrical device, which includes a battery cell as described in any of the foregoing embodiments, and the battery cell is used to provide electrical energy.
  • Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a battery module provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery cell provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a battery cell provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 6 is a magnified structural diagram of region Q in Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electrode assembly in a battery cell before flattening, according to an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 8 is a structural schematic diagram of a current collector in a battery cell according to an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the current collector in a battery cell according to an embodiment of this application.
  • Electrode assembly 21. Positive electrode tab; 22. Negative electrode tab; 23. Main body;
  • D1 First connection terminal
  • D2 Second connection terminal
  • M1 first surface
  • the term "and/or” is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist.
  • a and/or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone.
  • the character "/" in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.
  • multiple refers to two or more (including two), similarly, “multiple sets” refers to two or more (including two sets), and “multiple pieces” refers to two or more (including two pieces).
  • the battery cell can be a secondary battery, which refers to a battery cell that can be recharged to activate the active materials and continue to be used after the battery cell has been discharged.
  • the battery cell can be a lithium-ion battery, sodium-ion battery, sodium-lithium-ion battery, lithium metal battery, sodium metal battery, lithium-sulfur battery, magnesium-ion battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, nickel-cadmium battery, lead-acid battery, etc., and the embodiments of this application are not limited to this.
  • a single battery cell typically includes an electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator.
  • active ions such as lithium ions
  • the separator positioned between the positive and negative electrodes, helps prevent short circuits to some extent while allowing active ions to pass through.
  • the positive electrode may be a positive electrode sheet, which may include a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material disposed on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the positive current collector has two surfaces opposite each other in its own thickness direction, and the positive active material is disposed on either or both of the two opposite surfaces of the positive current collector.
  • the positive electrode current collector can be a metal foil or a composite current collector.
  • a metal foil it can be aluminum or stainless steel with a silver surface treatment, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, nickel, carbon electrode, carbon, nickel, or titanium, etc.
  • Composite current collectors can include a polymer material base layer and a metal layer.
  • Composite current collectors can be formed by forming a metal material (aluminum, aluminum alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver and silver alloy, etc.) on a polymer material substrate (such as a substrate of polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyethylene, etc.).
  • the positive electrode active material may include at least one of the following materials: lithium phosphate, lithium transition metal oxide, and their respective modified compounds.
  • lithium phosphate include, but are not limited to, at least one of lithium iron phosphate (such as LiFePO4 (also referred to as LFP)), lithium iron phosphate and carbon composites, lithium manganese phosphate (such as LiMnPO4), lithium manganese phosphate and carbon composites, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium manganese iron phosphate and carbon composites.
  • the negative electrode may be a negative electrode sheet, and the negative electrode sheet may include a negative electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode current collector can be a metal foil, a foamed metal, or a composite current collector.
  • a metal foil it can be silver-treated aluminum or stainless steel, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, nickel, carbon electrodes, carbon, nickel, or titanium, etc.
  • Foamed metal can be foamed nickel, foamed copper, foamed aluminum, foamed alloy, or foamed carbon, etc.
  • Composite current collectors can include a polymer material base layer and a metal layer.
  • Composite current collectors can be formed by forming a metal material (copper, copper alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver and silver alloy, etc.) on a polymer material substrate (such as a substrate of polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyethylene, etc.).
  • a metal material copper, copper alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver and silver alloy, etc.
  • a polymer material substrate such as a substrate of polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyethylene, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet may include a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material disposed on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode current collector has two surfaces opposite each other in its own thickness direction, and the negative electrode active material is disposed on either or both of the two opposite surfaces of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode active material may be a negative electrode active material known in the art for use in battery cells.
  • the negative electrode active material may include at least one of the following materials: artificial graphite, natural graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, silicon-based materials, tin-based materials, and lithium titanate, etc.
  • the positive current collector can be made of aluminum, and the negative current collector can be made of copper.
  • the electrode assembly further includes an isolator disposed between the positive and negative electrodes.
  • the separator is a separator membrane. This application does not impose any particular limitation on the type of separator membrane; any known porous separator membrane with good chemical and mechanical stability can be selected.
  • the main material of the separator can be selected from at least one of glass fiber, non-woven fabric, polyethylene, polypropylene and polyvinylidene fluoride, and ceramic.
  • the separator is a solid electrolyte.
  • the solid electrolyte is disposed between the positive and negative electrodes, serving both to transport ions and to isolate the positive and negative electrodes.
  • the battery cell also includes an electrolyte, which acts as a conductor of ions between the positive and negative electrodes.
  • an electrolyte acts as a conductor of ions between the positive and negative electrodes. This application does not impose specific limitations on the type of electrolyte; it can be selected according to requirements.
  • the electrolyte can be liquid, gel, or solid.
  • the electrode assembly is a wound structure.
  • the positive and negative electrode sheets are wound into a wound structure.
  • the electrode assembly is a stacked structure.
  • the electrode assembly can be cylindrical, flat, or polygonal, etc.
  • the electrode assembly has tabs that allow current to be drawn from the electrode assembly.
  • the tabs include a positive tab and a negative tab.
  • the battery cell may include a housing.
  • the housing is used to encapsulate components such as electrode assemblies and electrolytes.
  • the housing may be made of steel, aluminum, plastic (such as polypropylene), composite metal (such as copper-aluminum composite), or aluminum-plastic film, etc.
  • the housing may be provided with functional components such as electrode terminals.
  • the electrode terminals can be used to electrically connect to the electrode assembly for outputting or inputting electrical energy into the battery cell.
  • a current collector may be provided inside the housing, and the electrode assembly may be electrically connected to the housing or electrode terminals provided on the housing through the current collector.
  • the battery cell can be a cylindrical battery cell, a prismatic battery cell, a pouch battery cell, or a battery cell of other shapes.
  • Prismatic battery cells include prismatic battery cells, blade-shaped battery cells, and multi-prismatic batteries, such as hexagonal prismatic batteries. This application does not have any particular limitations.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module comprising one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery can be a battery pack, which includes a housing and individual battery cells, with the individual battery cells or battery modules housed within the housing.
  • the battery can be an energy storage device.
  • Energy storage devices include energy storage containers, energy storage cabinets, etc.
  • the electrode assembly typically uses tabs to electrically connect to the electrode terminals on the battery cell to enable charging and discharging.
  • the tabs Before connecting to the electrode terminals, the tabs need to be flattened or smoothed to achieve a predetermined density sufficient for welding strength with the electrode terminals.
  • related technologies often flatten or smooth them to the same size and height. If one tab achieves the predetermined density, the other may not, leading to poor welding during the welding process with the electrode terminals and negatively impacting the reliability of the battery cell.
  • FIG. 1 is a simplified schematic diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • the vehicle 1000 can be a gasoline-powered vehicle, a natural gas-powered vehicle, or a new energy vehicle.
  • New energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, or range-extended electric vehicles, etc.
  • a battery 100 can be installed inside the vehicle 1000; specifically, for example, the battery 100 can be installed at the bottom, front, or rear of the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery 100 can be used to power the vehicle 1000; for example, the battery 100 can serve as the operating power source for the vehicle 1000.
  • the vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300.
  • the controller 200 for example, is used to control the battery to supply power to the motor 300.
  • the battery can be used for starting the vehicle 1000, navigation, etc.
  • the battery 100 can also be used to drive the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing gasoline or natural gas to provide propulsion for the vehicle 1000.
  • FIG 2 is an exploded view of a battery provided in some embodiments of this application.
  • the battery 100 includes a housing 400 and a battery cell (not shown in the figure), with the battery cell housed within the housing 400.
  • the housing 400 is used to accommodate individual battery cells, and the housing 400 can have various structures.
  • the housing 400 may include a first housing portion 401 and a second housing portion 402, which overlap each other, and together define a receiving portion 403 for accommodating the individual battery cells.
  • the second housing portion 402 may be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first housing portion 401 may be a plate-like structure, with the first housing portion 401 covering the open side of the second housing portion 402 to form a housing with the receiving portion 403; alternatively, both the first housing portion 401 and the second housing portion 402 may be hollow structures with one side open, with the open side of the first housing portion 401 covering the open side of the second housing portion 402 to form a housing 400 with the receiving portion.
  • the first housing portion 401 and the second housing portion 402 can have various shapes, such as cylinders, cuboids, etc.
  • battery 100 there can be one or more battery cells. If there are multiple battery cells, they can be connected in series, parallel, or a combination thereof. A combination thereof means that multiple battery cells are connected in both series and parallel. Multiple battery cells can be directly connected in series, parallel, or a combination thereof, and then the whole assembly of multiple battery cells is housed in the housing 400. Alternatively, multiple battery cells can first be connected in series, parallel, or a combination thereof to form a battery module 600, and then multiple battery modules 600 can be connected in series, parallel, or a combination thereof to form a whole assembly, which is then housed in the housing 400.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of the battery module 600 shown in Figure 2.
  • there are multiple battery cells 500 which are first connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form the battery module 600.
  • the multiple battery modules 600 are then connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a whole and housed in a casing.
  • the battery cell 500 includes a housing 10 and an electrode assembly 20.
  • the electrode assembly 20 is disposed inside the housing 10.
  • the electrode assembly 20 includes a main body 23, a positive electrode tab 21, and a negative electrode tab 22.
  • the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 22 are located on the same side of the main body 23 along a first direction X, which is the axial direction of the battery cell 500. At least a portion of the positive electrode tab 21 has a larger dimension in the first direction X than at least a portion of the negative electrode tab 22 has a larger dimension in the first direction X.
  • the battery cell 500 is a component structure used to provide electrical energy.
  • the battery cell 500 has a housing 10, which is a hollow structure and serves to protect other component structures located inside it. Components such as the electrode assembly 20 can be housed inside the housing 10.
  • the electrode assembly 20 is the main component in the electrode cell used to provide electrical energy.
  • the shape of the outer shell 10 can be determined according to the specific shape of the electrode assembly 20. That is, the shape of the outer shell 10 can be adapted to the shape of the electrode assembly 20. For example, when the electrode assembly 20 is a cylindrical structure, a cylindrical outer shell 10 can be used; when the electrode assembly 20 is a cuboid structure, a cuboid outer shell 10 can be used. Alternatively, depending on the actual needs, the shape of the outer shell 10 can also be different from the shape of the electrode assembly 20. For example, when the electrode assembly 20 is a cylindrical structure, the outer shell 10 can be a cuboid structure or other polygonal structure; when the electrode assembly 20 is a cuboid structure, the outer shell 10 can be a cylindrical structure.
  • the first direction X is the axial direction of the battery cell 500, which refers to the direction parallel to the central axis of the battery cell 500.
  • the first direction X is perpendicular to the radial direction of the cylinder.
  • the outer casing 10 is a cuboid outer casing 10
  • the first direction is parallel to the length direction of the cuboid.
  • the housing 10 can be a sealed structure or a non-sealed structure.
  • the housing 10 when the housing 10 is a sealed structure, it can protect the electrode assembly 20 and, to some extent, prevent leakage such as electrolyte leakage.
  • a sealing bag may be included between the housing 10 and the electrode assembly 20.
  • the sealing bag is used to encapsulate the electrode assembly 20 and the electrolyte, etc.
  • the sealing bag can be a bag-shaped insulating component or an aluminum-plastic film.
  • the electrode assembly 20 may include a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an insulating element.
  • the insulating element is located between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
  • Both the positive electrode and the negative electrode include a region covered by an active material layer and a region not covered by an active material layer.
  • the main body 23 is the main part of the electrode assembly 20.
  • the main body 23 also includes partial structures in the positive and negative electrode plates corresponding to the separator in the first direction X.
  • the separator typically extends beyond the area covered by the active material layer on the positive and negative electrode plates in the first direction X. Therefore, in addition to the structures covered by the active material layer on the positive and negative electrode plates, the main body 23 also includes partial structures on the positive and negative electrode plates that are not covered by the active material layer, and these partial structures are connected to the structures covered by the active material layer on the positive or negative electrode plates.
  • the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 22 are two tab components on the electrode assembly 20 used to connect with other structures to achieve electrical energy transfer.
  • the battery cell 500 may also include two electrode terminals disposed on the housing 10. The two electrode terminals are insulated from each other and electrically connected to the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 22 respectively. The electrode terminals are used to achieve electrical energy transfer between the inside and outside of the battery cell 500.
  • the positive electrode tab 21 is a partial structure in the area of the positive electrode sheet that is not covered by the active material layer.
  • the positive electrode tab 21 extends from one end of the main body 23 along the first direction X and is flattened or smoothed.
  • the negative electrode tab 22 is a partial structure in the area of the negative electrode sheet that is not covered by the active material layer.
  • the negative electrode tab 22 extends from one end of the main body 23 along the first direction X and is flattened or smoothed.
  • Both the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 22 are formed by stacking and smoothing multiple layered structures. Specifically, taking the positive electrode tab 21 as an example, during the preparation of the electrode assembly 20, the area on the positive electrode sheet that is not covered with the active material layer can be cut to form multiple spaced layered structures. Then, the positive electrode sheet, the separator, and the negative electrode sheet are stacked in sequence and wound together. After winding, the multiple layered structures formed by cutting on the positive electrode sheet can be stacked accordingly. Then, the positive electrode tab 21 is formed by flattening or smoothing it. The negative electrode tab 22 is formed in the same way.
  • the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 22 extend from the same end of the main body 23 along the first direction X. Therefore, during the preparation of the battery cell 500, the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 22 are usually formed by kneading or smoothing together using the same equipment. Depending on the actual needs and different preparation processes, each position of the positive electrode tab 21 may be completely kneaded or smoothed, or only some positions of the positive electrode tab 21 may be kneaded or smoothed, while other positions may not be kneaded or smoothed. The same applies to the negative electrode tab 22.
  • the thickness of the flattened or smoothed positive electrode tab 21 can be the same as or similar to the height of the flattened negative electrode tab 22.
  • their density is easily different. The difference in density often means that the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet are not as dense. Consequently, during the welding process, one of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet may be too dense, causing the insulating component to be burned due to the welding process, or one of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet may be too dense, resulting in poor welding of the solder joint. This can easily lead to the risk of peeling at the welding position during use.
  • the density of the positive electrode tab 21 refers to the ratio of the mass of the fixed material portion to the total volume of the material. Specifically, if all locations of the positive electrode tab 21 are flattened or smoothed, the density of the positive electrode tab 21 is the ratio of the total weight of the positive electrode tab 21 to the total volume of the positive electrode tab 21. If only a portion of the positive electrode tab 21 is flattened or smoothed, the density of the positive electrode tab 21 is the ratio of the weight of the flattened or smoothed area of the positive electrode tab 21 to the volume of the flattened or smoothed area of the positive electrode tab 21. The density calculation method for the negative electrode tab 22 is similar.
  • the height dimension of at least one of the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 22 in the first direction X is adjusted.
  • the negative electrode tab 22 can be further compressed so that at least part of the positive electrode tab 21 has a larger dimension in the first direction X than at least part of the negative electrode tab 22 in the first direction X, thereby reducing the density difference between the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 22, thereby improving the welding yield of the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 22 and improving the reliability of the battery cell 500.
  • the "dimension of at least a portion of the positive electrode tab 21 in the first direction X" mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to the dimension of the flattened or smoothed structure in the positive electrode tab 21 in the first direction X.
  • the positive electrode tab 21 When the positive electrode tab 21 is completely flattened or smoothed, it corresponds to the dimension of all the structures in the positive electrode tab 21 in the first direction X.
  • the dimension of at least a portion of the negative electrode tab 22 in the first direction X is similar.
  • the electrode assembly 20 includes a plurality of first layer structures C1 stacked along the second direction Y and a plurality of second layer structures C2 stacked along the second direction Y.
  • the first layer structures C1 and the second layer structures C2 are spaced apart.
  • the plurality of first layer structures C1 form a positive electrode tab 21 and the plurality of second layer structures C2 form a negative electrode tab 22.
  • the first direction X intersects the second direction Y.
  • the thickness of the first layer structure C1 is greater than the thickness of the second layer structure C2.
  • both the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 22 can be formed by stacking and smoothing multiple layered structures.
  • the positive electrode tab 21 is formed by stacking and smoothing multiple first layered structures C1, which are arranged in the second direction Y.
  • the negative electrode tab 22 is formed by stacking and smoothing multiple second layered structures C2, which are arranged in the second direction Y.
  • the first direction X is perpendicular to the second direction Y.
  • the thickness of a single first layer structure C1 in the second direction Y is greater than the thickness of a single second layer structure C2 in the second direction Y. Therefore, if the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 22 are flattened or smoothed to the same height, the density of the positive electrode tab 21 will be greater than that of the negative electrode tab 22, which will lead to poor welding.
  • the negative electrode tab 22 is further compressed in this embodiment, so that the height dimension of the negative electrode tab 22 in the first direction X is smaller than the height dimension of the positive electrode tab 21 in the first direction X, thereby increasing the density of the negative electrode tab 22 and reducing the density difference between the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 22, which helps to improve the welding yield and improve the reliability of the battery cell 500.
  • the positive electrode tab 21 is made of aluminum, and the negative electrode tab 22 is made of copper.
  • the density of the tab is usually related to its height in the first direction X; the higher the tab, the lower its density. As mentioned above, if the density of the tab is too low, the insulating component is easily burned, while if the density of the tab is too high, the risk of poor welding is high. Therefore, it is necessary to control the density of the tab within a certain range.
  • the embodiments of this application further restrict the height relationship between the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 22 in the first direction X, so that the height of the positive electrode tab 21 exceeding the negative electrode tab 22 in the first direction X is not less than 0.2 mm and not more than 1.5 mm, thereby ensuring that the density difference between the two can be controlled within a certain range.
  • the occurrence of problems such as burns or poor welding of the insulating component at the corresponding welding position of the other is reduced, thereby improving the welding reliability of the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 22 and improving the preparation yield of the battery cell 500.
  • the density R1 of the positive electrode tab 21 is 0.2 g/cm3 ⁇ R1 ⁇ 1 g/cm3, and/or the density R2 of the negative electrode tab 22 is 0.5 g/cm3 ⁇ R2 ⁇ 1.5 g/cm3.
  • the density R1 of the positive electrode tab 21 is one of 0.2 g/cm3, 0.4 g/cm3, 0.6 g/cm3, 0.8 g/cm3, and 1 g/cm3.
  • the density R2 of the negative electrode tab 22 is one of 0.5 g/cm3, 0.8 g/cm3, 1 g/cm3, 1.2 g/cm3, and 1.5 g/cm3.
  • the density of the positive electrode tab 21 can be less than the density of the negative electrode tab 22, or the density of the positive electrode tab 21 can be greater than or equal to the density of the negative electrode tab 22.
  • the density difference between the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 22 is reduced, thereby reducing the risk of the insulating component being burned due to the low density of at least one of the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 22, and also helping to improve the welding strength of at least one of the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 22, thereby improving the preparation yield of the battery cell 500.
  • the battery cell 500 further includes a positive terminal 31 and a negative terminal 32 disposed on the housing 10 and insulated from each other, the positive terminal 31 being electrically connected to the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative terminal 32 being electrically connected to the negative electrode tab 22.
  • the positive terminal 31 and the negative terminal 32 are two mutually insulated electrode terminals.
  • the positive terminal 31 is used to enable electrical conduction between the positive electrode tab 21 and other external structures
  • the negative terminal 32 is used to enable electrical conduction between the negative electrode tab 22 and other external structures.
  • a current collector 40 may also be provided inside the housing 10.
  • the positive terminal 31 and the negative terminal 32 can be electrically connected to the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 22 respectively through two different current collectors 40, or the positive terminal 31 and the negative terminal 32 can also be electrically connected to the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 22 through different mutually insulated parts of the same current collector 40.
  • the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 22 are located at the same end of the main body 23. They can be welded and fixed separately using the same laser equipment. Based on this, by adjusting the dimensions of the negative electrode tab 22 and the positive electrode tab 21 in the first direction X, the density between them is kept the same or similar, thereby improving the welding reliability of the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 22 and improving the preparation yield of the battery cell 500.
  • the battery cell 500 further includes a current collector 40, which includes a first connecting portion 41 connected to the positive electrode tab 21 and a second connecting portion 42 connected to the negative electrode tab 22.
  • the first connecting portion 41 and the second connecting portion 42 are insulated from each other.
  • the first connecting portion 41 has a first surface M1 facing the positive electrode tab 21, and the second connecting portion 42 has a second surface M2 facing the negative electrode tab 22.
  • the first surface M1 is located on the side of the second surface M2 away from the main body portion 23.
  • the current collector 40 is used to achieve an electrical connection between the tab and the electrode terminal.
  • the current collector 40 includes a first connecting portion 41 and a second connecting portion 42 that are insulated from each other.
  • the first connecting portion 41 connects the positive tab 21 and the positive terminal 31 to achieve an electrical connection between the positive tab 21 and the positive terminal 31.
  • the second connecting portion 42 connects the negative tab 22 and the negative terminal 32 to achieve an electrical connection between the negative tab 22 and the negative terminal 32.
  • the positive tab 21 is welded to the first connecting portion 41
  • the negative tab 22 is welded to the second connecting portion 42.
  • this design allows a single current collector 40 to simultaneously meet the electrical connection requirements between the positive electrode tab 21 and the positive terminal 31, as well as the connection requirements between the negative electrode tab 22 and the negative terminal 32. This reduces the overall size of the current collector 40, reduces the space occupied by the current collector 40 inside the casing 10, and helps to improve the corresponding energy density of the battery cell 500.
  • the first connecting portion 41 has a first surface M1 facing the positive electrode tab 21, which is the surface on the first connecting portion 41 used for contacting and connecting with the positive electrode tab 21.
  • the second connecting portion 42 has a second surface M2 facing the negative electrode tab 22, which is the surface on the second connecting portion 42 used for contacting and connecting with the negative electrode tab 22.
  • the structure of at least one of the first connecting part 41 and the second connecting part 42 has been adjusted so that the first surface M1 in the first connecting part 41 is located on the side of the second surface M2 in the second connecting part 42 away from the main body, so that the first connecting part 41 and the second connecting part 42 are respectively matched and connected with the tabs of different heights, thereby meeting the connection requirements between the tabs and the current collector 40.
  • the current collector 40 further includes an insulating portion 43 disposed between the first connecting portion 41 and the second connecting portion 42.
  • the first connecting portion 41 has a first connecting end D1 connected to the insulating portion 43
  • the second connecting portion 42 has a second connecting end D2 connected to the insulating portion 43.
  • the first connecting end D1 is located on the side of the second connecting end D2 away from the main body portion 23.
  • An insulating part 43 is sandwiched between the first connecting part 41 and the second connecting part 42.
  • the insulating part 43 includes insulating material to achieve mutual insulation between the first connecting part 41 and the second connecting part 42.
  • the insulating part 43 can be connected to the first connecting part 41 and the second connecting part 42 in various ways, such as by welding or bonding.
  • the first connecting end D1 is the end structure on the first connecting portion 41 for connecting to the insulating portion 43
  • the second connecting end D2 is the end structure on the second connecting portion 42 for connecting to the insulating portion 43.
  • this embodiment positions the first connecting end D1 on the side of the second connecting end D2 away from the main body portion 23. That is, the end of the first connecting portion 41 connected to the insulating member is farther from the main body portion 23 than the end of the second connecting portion 42 connected to the insulating member. This ensures that the first surface M1 is located on the side of the second surface M2 away from the main body portion 23, satisfying the contact requirements between the first surface M1 and the positive electrode tab 21, and the contact requirements between the second surface M2 and the negative electrode tab 22.
  • the first connecting portion 41 includes a first body portion 411 and a first protrusion 412 protruding from the first body portion 411 toward the positive electrode tab 21, the protrusion dimension of the first protrusion 412 relative to the first body portion 411 being L1.
  • the second connecting portion 42 includes a second body portion 421 and a second protrusion 422 protruding from the second body portion 421 toward the negative electrode tab 22, the protrusion dimension of the second protrusion 422 relative to the second body portion 421 being L2, where L2 > L1.
  • the first body portion 411 is the main part of the first connecting portion 41.
  • the first protrusion 412 is connected to the first body portion 411 and protrudes towards the positive electrode tab 21.
  • the first protrusion 412 is a structure in the first connecting portion 41 used to connect the positive electrode tab 21.
  • the first surface M1 is the surface on the first protrusion 412 facing the positive electrode tab 21.
  • the first body portion 411 and the first protrusion 412 can be an integral structure.
  • the second body portion 421 is the main part of the second connecting portion 42.
  • the second protrusion 422 is connected to the second body portion 421 and protrudes towards the negative electrode tab 22.
  • the second protrusion 422 is a structure in the second connecting portion 42 used to connect the negative electrode tab 22.
  • the second surface M2 is the surface on the second protrusion 422 facing the negative electrode tab 22.
  • the second body portion 421 and the second protrusion 422 can be an integral structure.
  • the protrusion dimensions of the first protrusion 412 and the second protrusion 422 are limited, so that the protrusion dimension L1 of the first protrusion 412 relative to the first body portion 411 is smaller than the protrusion dimension L2 of the second protrusion 422 relative to the second body portion 421. That is, the second protrusion 422 protrudes closer to the body portion than the first protrusion 412, so as to achieve the contact connection between the first protrusion 412 and the positive electrode tab 21 and the contact connection between the second protrusion 422 and the negative electrode tab 22, which has strong practicality.
  • the first connecting end D1 can be located on the side of the second connecting end D2 away from the main body 23, and the protrusion dimension L1 of the first protrusion 412 can be equal to the protrusion dimension L2 of the second protrusion 422.
  • the first connecting end D1 and the second connecting end D2 can be set at the same height in the first direction X, and the protrusion dimension L1 of the first protrusion 412 can be smaller than the protrusion dimension L2 of the second protrusion 422.
  • first connecting end D1 can be located on the side of the second connecting end D2 away from the main body 23, and the protrusion dimension L1 of the first protrusion 412 can be smaller than the protrusion dimension L2 of the second protrusion 422.
  • other methods can also be chosen, as long as the first surface M1 is located on the side of the second surface M2 away from the main body 23.
  • the battery cell 500 is a cylindrical battery cell 500.
  • the negative electrode tab 22 in the cylindrical battery cell 500 is further compressed, so that the size of the positive electrode tab 21 in the first direction X is larger than the size of the negative electrode tab 22 in the first direction X, thereby reducing the density difference between the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 22, thereby improving the welding yield of the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 22 and improving the manufacturing reliability of the cylindrical battery cell 500.
  • embodiments of this application provide a battery, which includes the battery cell 500 in any of the foregoing embodiments.
  • the battery provided in this application embodiment has the beneficial effects of the battery cell 500 in any of the foregoing embodiments.
  • embodiments of this application provide an electrical device, which includes a battery cell 500 as described in any of the foregoing embodiments, and the battery cell 500 is used to provide electrical energy.
  • the electrical device provided in this application embodiment has the beneficial effects of the battery cell 500 in any of the foregoing embodiments.
  • the foregoing description of the beneficial effects of the battery cell 500 please refer to the foregoing description of the beneficial effects of the battery cell 500. This application embodiment will not repeat the description.
  • the battery cell 500 includes a housing 10, an electrode assembly 20, a positive terminal 31, a negative terminal 32, and a current collector 40.
  • the electrode assembly 20 is disposed inside the housing 10.
  • the electrode assembly 20 includes a main body 23, a positive electrode tab 21, and a negative electrode tab 22.
  • the positive electrode tab 21 extends from one end of the main body 23 along a first direction X and is flattened or smoothed.
  • the negative electrode tab 22 extends from one side of the main body 23 along the first direction X and is flattened or smoothed.
  • the size of the positive electrode tab 21 in the first direction X is larger than the size of the negative electrode tab 22 in the first direction X.
  • the electrode assembly 20 includes multiple layered structures stacked along the second direction Y, and multiple second layered structures C2 stacked along the second direction Y.
  • First layered structures C1 and second layered structures C2 are spaced apart.
  • the multiple first layered structures C1 are flattened or smoothed to form a positive electrode tab 21, and the multiple second layered structures C2 are flattened or smoothed to form a negative electrode tab 22.
  • the first direction X intersects the second direction Y.
  • the thickness of the first layered structure C1 is greater than the thickness of the second layered structure C2.
  • the positive electrode tab 21 is made of aluminum
  • the negative electrode tab 22 is made of copper.
  • the positive electrode tab 21 has a dimension of H1 in the first direction X
  • the negative electrode tab 22 has a dimension of H2 in the first direction X.
  • H1 and H2 satisfy: 0.2mm ⁇ H1 - H2 ⁇ 1.5mm.
  • the density R1 of the positive electrode tab 21 is 0.2g/cm3 ⁇ R1 ⁇ 1g/cm3, and/or the density R2 of the negative electrode tab 22 is 0.5g/cm3 ⁇ R2 ⁇ 1.5g/cm3.
  • the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 22 are located on the same side of the main body 23.
  • the battery cell 500 also includes a positive terminal 31 and a negative terminal 32 disposed on the outer casing 10 and insulated from each other.
  • the positive terminal 31 is electrically connected to the positive electrode tab 21, and the negative terminal 32 is electrically connected to the negative electrode tab 22.
  • the battery cell 500 also includes a current collector 40, which includes a first connecting portion 41 connected to the positive electrode tab 21 and a second connecting portion 42 connected to the negative electrode tab 22.
  • the first connecting portion 41 and the second connecting portion 42 are insulated from each other.
  • the first connecting portion 41 has a first surface M1 facing the positive electrode tab 21, and the second connecting portion 42 has a second surface M2 facing the negative electrode tab 22.
  • the first surface M1 is located on the side of the second surface M2 away from the main body 23.

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种电池单体、电池及用电装置，电池单体包括外壳以及电极组件，电极组件设置于外壳内，电极组件包括主体部、正极极耳和负极极耳，正极极耳与负极极耳沿第一方向位于主体部的同一侧，第一方向为电池单体的轴向方向，正极极耳中的至少部分在第一方向上的尺寸大于负极极耳中的至少部分在第一方向上的尺寸。在本申请实施例中，对正极极耳与负极极耳中至少一者在第一方向上的高度尺寸进行了调整，具体地说，可以通过对负极极耳进行进一步压缩，降低正极极耳与负极极耳对应的密实度差异，以此提高正极极耳与负极极耳对应焊接良率，提高电池单体的制备可靠性。

Description

电池单体、电池及用电装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2024年6月28日提交的名称为“电池单体、电池及用电装置”的中国专利申请202421519667.8的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种电池单体、电池及用电装置。
背景技术
电池单体广泛用于电子设备，例如手机、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机、电动轮船、电动玩具汽车、电动玩具轮船、电动玩具飞机和电动工具等等。电池单体可以包括镉镍电池单体、氢镍电池单体、锂离子电池单体和二次碱性锌锰电池单体等。
在电池技术的发展中，如何改善电池的可靠性，一直是电池技术中的一个研究方向。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请提供了一种电池单体、电池及用电装置，能够提高电池单体的制备良率。
一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体，包括外壳以及电极组件，电极组件设置于外壳内，电极组件包括主体部、正极极耳和负极极耳，正极极耳与负极极耳沿第一方向位于主体部的同一侧，第一方向为电池单体的轴向方向，正极极耳在第一方向上的尺寸大于负极极耳在第一方向上的尺寸。
在上述方案中，对正极极耳与负极极耳中至少一者在第一方向上的高度尺寸进行了调整，具体地说，可以通过对负极极耳进行进一步压缩，使得正极极耳中的至少部分在第一方向上的尺寸大于负极极耳中的至少部分在第一方向上的尺寸，从而降低正极极耳与负极极耳对应的密实度差异，以此提高正极极耳与负极极耳对应焊接良率，提高电池单体的制备可靠性。
在一些实施例中，电极组件包括沿第二方向堆叠设置的多个第一层结构，以及沿第二方向堆叠设置的多个第二层结构，第一层结构与第二层结构间隔设置，多个第一层结构形成正极极耳，多个第二层结构形成负极极耳，第一方向与第二方向相交，第一层结构的厚度大于第二层结构的厚度。
在上述方案中，对负极极耳进一步进行压缩处理，使得负极极耳在第一方向上的高度尺寸小于正极极耳在第一方向上的高度尺寸，以此增大负极极耳对应密实度，从而降低正极极耳与负极极耳之间的密实度差异，有助于提高焊接良率，提高电池单体的制备可靠性。
在一些实施例中，正极极耳的材料包括金属铝，负极极耳的材料包括金属铜。
在上述方案中，通过将负极极耳在第一方向上的高度调整为小于正极极耳在第一方向上的高度，从而使得负极极耳能够相对于正极极耳进一步被压缩，以此提高负极极耳对应密实度，降低焊接过程中负极极耳对应焊接位置处发生隔离件被烧坏的风险，提高电池单体的制备良率以及可靠性。
在一些实施例中，正极极耳在第一方向上的尺寸为H1，负极极耳在第一方向上的尺寸为H2，H1和H2满足：0.2mm≤H1-H2≤1.5mm。
在上述方案中，对正极极耳与负极极耳在第一方向上的高度关系进一步加以限制，使得在第一方向上正极极耳超出负极极耳的高度不低于0.2mm，且不高于1.5mm，从而确保两者之间的密实度差异可以把控在一定范围内，进而当正极极耳与负极极耳中一者焊接可靠的前提下，降低另一者对应焊接位置处发生隔离件被烧伤或焊接不良的问题发生，提高正极极耳与负极极耳对应的焊接可靠性，提高电池单体的制备良率。
在一些实施例中，正极极耳的密实度R1为0.2g/cm3≤R1≤1g/cm3，和/或，负极极耳的密实度R2为0.5g/cm3≤R2≤1.5g/cm3。
在上述方案中，通过限定正极极耳与负极极耳中至少一者的密实度范围，从而降低正极极耳与负极极耳对应的密实度差异，降低正极极耳与负极极耳中至少一者因密实度过低而导致烧伤隔离件的风险，并且有助于提高正极极耳与负极极耳中至少一者对应焊接强度，提高电池单体的制备良率。
在一些实施例中，电池单体还包括设置于外壳上且相互绝缘设置的正极端子与负极端子，正极端子电连接至正极极耳，负极端子电连接至负极极耳。
在上述方案中，正极极耳与负极极耳位于主体部的同一端，两者可以借助相同激光设备分别进行焊接固定，在此基础上，通过调整负极极耳与正极极耳在第一方向上的尺寸，使得两者之间的密实度大小保持相同或相近，从而提高正极极耳与负极极耳对应焊接可靠性，提高电池单体的制备良率。
在一些实施例中，电池单体还包括集流构件，集流构件包括连接于正极极耳的第一连接部以及连接于负极极耳的第二连接部，第一连接部和第二连接部彼此绝缘设置。第一连接部具有朝向正极极耳的第一表面，第二连接部具有朝向负极极耳的第二表面，第一表面位于第二表面远离主体部的一侧。
在上述方案中，由于正极极耳在第一方向上的尺寸大于负极极耳在第一方向上的尺寸，因此为了满足第一连接部与第二连接部相对与正极极耳与负极极耳的连接需要，本申请实施例对第一连接部与第二连接部中至少一者的结构进行了调整，使得第一连接部中的第一表面位于第二连接部中第二表面远离主体的一侧，以此使得第一连接部与第二连接部分别与不同高度的极耳匹配连接，满足极耳与集流构件之间的连接需要。
在一些实施例中，集流构件还包括设置于第一连接部与第二连接部之间的绝缘部，第一连接部具有连接于绝缘部的第一连接端，第二连接部具有连接于绝缘部的第二连接端，第一连接端位于第二连接端远离主体部的一侧。
在上述方案中，第一连接端是第一连接部上用于连接至绝缘部的端部结构，第二连接端是第二连接部上用于连接至绝缘部的端部结构。进一步地，为了使得第一连接部能够与正极极耳适配接触，第二连接部能够与负极极耳适配接触，本申请实施例将第一连接端设置位于第二连接端远离主体部的一侧，即第一连接部上连接至绝缘件的端部相对于第二连接部上连接至绝缘件的端部距离主体部更远，以此使得第一表面位于第二表面远离主体部的一侧，满足第一表面与正极极耳的接触需要以及第二表面与负极极耳的接触需要。
在一些实施例中，第一连接部包括第一本体部以及由第一本体部向靠近正极极耳突出的第一突出部，第一突出部相对于第一本体部的突出尺寸为L1。第二连接部包括第二本体部以及由第二本体部向靠近负极极耳突出的第二突出部，第二突出部相对于第二本体部的突出尺寸为L2，L2＞L1。
在上述方案中，为了使得第一突出部可以与正极极耳接触连接，第二突出部可以与负极极耳接触连接，因此对第一突出部与第二突出部对应的突出尺寸进行了限制，使得第一突出部相对于第一本体部的突出尺寸L1小于第二突出部相对于第二本体部的突出尺寸L2，即第二突出部相对于第一突出部更靠近本体部突出，以便实现第一突出部与正极极耳之间的接触连接，第二突出部与负极极耳之间的接触连接，具有较强的实用性。
在一些实施例中，电池单体为圆柱电池单体。
在上述方案中，考虑到圆柱电池单体可能存在焊接不良的问题，因此对圆柱电池单体中负极极耳进行进一步压缩，使得正极极耳在第一方向上的尺寸大于负极极耳在第一方向上的尺寸，从而降低正极极耳与负极极耳对应的密实度差异，以此提高正极极耳与负极极耳对应焊接良率，提高圆柱电池单体的制备可靠性。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池，电池包括前述任一实施方式中的电池单体。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供了一种用电装置，用电装置包括前述任一实施方式中的电池单体，电池单体用于提供电能。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种车辆的结构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种电池的爆炸结构示意图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的一种电池模块的内部结构示意图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的一种电池单体的爆炸结构示意图；
图5是本申请实施例提供的一种电池单体的剖面结构示意图；
图6是图5中区域Q的放大结构示意图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的还一种电池单体中电极组件在揉平前的结构示意图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的还一种电池单体中集流构件的结构示意图；
图9是本申请实施例提供的还一种电池单体中集流构件的结构示意图。
附图中：
1000、车辆；
100、电池；200、控制器；300、马达；400、箱体；401、第一箱体部；402、第二箱体部；403、容纳部；500、电池单体；600、电池模块；
10、外壳；
20、电极组件；21、正极极耳；22、负极极耳；23、主体部；
31、正极端子；32、负极端子；
40、集流构件；41、第一连接部；411、第一本体部；412、第一突出部；42、第二连接部；421、第二本体部；422、第二突出部；43、绝缘部；
C1、第一层结构；C2第二层结构；
D1、第一连接端；D2、第二连接端；
M1、第一表面；M2、第二表面；
X、第一方向；Y、第二方向。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
本申请实施例中，电池单体可以为二次电池，二次电池是指在电池单体放电后可通过充电的方式使活性材料激活而继续使用的电池单体。
电池单体可以为锂离子电池、钠离子电池、钠锂离子电池、锂金属电池、钠金属电池、锂硫电池、镁离子电池、镍氢电池、镍镉电池、铅蓄电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。
电池单体一般包括电极组件。电极组件包括正极、负极以及隔离件。在电池单体充放电过程中，活性离子(例如锂离子)在正极和负极之间往返嵌入和脱出。隔离件设置在正极和负极之间，可以起到一定程度上防止正负极短路的作用，同时可以使活性离子通过。
在一些实施例中，正极可以为正极片，正极片可以包括正极集流体以及设置在正极集流体至少一个表面的正极活性材料。
作为示例，正极集流体具有在其自身厚度方向相对的两个表面，正极活性材料设置在正极集流体相对的两个表面的任意一者或两者上。
作为示例，正极集流体可采用金属箔片或复合集流体。例如，作为金属箔片，可采用银表面处理的铝或不锈钢、不锈钢、铜、铝、镍、炭精电极、碳、镍或钛等。复合集流体可包括高分子材料基层和金属层。复合集流体可通过将金属材料(铝、铝合金、镍、镍合金、钛、钛合金、银及银合金等)形成在高分子材料基材(如聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯等的基材)上而形成。
作为示例，正极活性材料可包括以下材料中的至少一种：含锂磷酸盐、锂过渡金属氧化物及其各自的改性化合物。但本申请并不限定于这些材料，还可以使用其他可被用作电池正极活性材料的传统材料。这些正极活性材料可以仅单独使用一种，也可以将两种以上组合使用。其中，含锂磷酸盐的示例可包括但不限于磷酸铁锂(如LiFePO4(也可以简称为LFP))、磷酸铁锂与碳的复合材料、磷酸锰锂(如LiMnPO4)、磷酸锰锂与碳的复合材料、磷酸锰铁锂、磷酸锰铁锂与碳的复合材料中的至少一种。
在一些实施例中，负极可以为负极片，负极片可以包括负极集流体。
作为示例，负极集流体可采用金属箔片、泡沫金属或复合集流体。例如，作为金属箔片，可以采用银表面处理的铝或不锈钢、不锈钢、铜、铝、镍、炭精电极、用碳、镍或钛等。泡沫金属可以为泡沫镍、泡沫铜、泡沫铝、泡沫合金、或泡沫碳等。复合集流体可包括高分子材料基层和金属层。复合集流体可通过将金属材料(铜、铜合金、镍、镍合金、钛、钛合金、银及银合金等)形成在高分子材料基材(如聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯等的基材)上而形成。
作为示例，负极片可以包括负极集流体以及设置在负极集流体至少一个表面上的负极活性材料。
作为示例，负极集流体具有在其自身厚度方向相对的两个表面，负极活性材料设置在负极集流体相对的两个表面中的任意一者或两者上。
作为示例，负极活性材料可采用本领域公知的用于电池单体的负极活性材料。作为示例，负极活性材料可包括以下材料中的至少一种：人造石墨、天然石墨、软炭、硬炭、硅基材料、锡基材料和钛酸锂等。
在一些实施例中，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，负极集流体的材料可以为铜。
在一些实施方式中，电极组件还包括隔离件，隔离件设置在正极和负极之间。
在一些实施方式中，隔离件为隔离膜。本申请对隔离膜的种类没有特别的限制，可以选用任意公知的具有良好的化学稳定性和机械稳定性的多孔结构隔离膜。
作为示例，隔离膜的主要材质可选自玻璃纤维、无纺布、聚乙烯、聚丙烯及聚偏二氟乙烯，陶瓷中的至少一种。
在一些实施方式中，隔离件为固态电解质。固态电解质设于正极和负极之间，同时起到传输离子和隔离正负极的作用。
在一些实施方式中，电池单体还包括电解质，电解质在正、负极之间起到传导离子的作用。本申请对电解质的种类没有具体的限制，可根据需求进行选择。电解质可以是液态的、凝胶态的或固态的。
在一些实施方式中，电极组件为卷绕结构。正极片、负极片卷绕成卷绕结构。
在一些实施方式中，电极组件为叠片结构。
在一些实施方式中，电极组件的形状可以为圆柱状，扁平状或多棱柱状等。
在一些实施方式中，电极组件设有极耳，极耳可以将电流从电极组件导出。极耳包括正极耳和负极耳。
在一些实施方式中，电池单体可以包括外壳。外壳用于封装电极组件及电解质等部件。外壳可以为钢壳、铝壳、塑料壳(如聚丙烯)、复合金属壳(如铜铝复合外壳)或铝塑膜等。
在一些实施例中，外壳上可以设置有如电极端子等的功能性部件。电极端子可以用于与电极组件电连接，以用于输出或输入电池单体的电能。
在一些实施例中，外壳内可以设置有集流构件，电极组件可以通过集流构件电连接到外壳或设置于外壳上的电极端子。
作为示例，电池单体可以为圆柱形电池单体、棱柱电池单体、软包电池单体或其它形状的电池单体，棱柱电池单体包括方壳电池单体、刀片形电池单体、多棱柱电池，多棱柱电池例如为六棱柱电池等，本申请没有特别的限制。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。
在一些实施例中，电池可以为电池模块，电池单体有多个时，多个电池单体排列并固定形成一个电池模块。
在一些实施例中，电池可以为电池包，电池包包括箱体和电池单体，电池单体或电池模块容纳于箱体中。
在一些实施例中，箱体可以作为车辆的底盘结构的一部分。例如，箱体的部分可以成为车辆的地板的至少一部分，或者，箱体的部分可以成为车辆的横梁和纵梁的至少一部分。
在一些实施例中，电池可以为储能装置。储能装置包括储能集装箱、储能电柜等。
电极组件作为电池单体中的重要部件，通常会采用极耳与电池单体上的电极端子电连接以实现电池单体的充放电。而极耳在与电极端子连接前需要将极耳揉平或抚平，使得极耳具有预定的密实度以达到与电极端子焊接的强度，而由于正极极耳和负极极耳的材质以及单层结构厚度等因素不同，相关技术中又通常将正极极耳和负极极耳的尺寸揉平或抚平成相同尺寸高度，从在正极极耳和负极极耳中的一者达到预定的密实度，后另一者可能无法达到预定的密实度，进而导致与电极端子焊接过程中产生焊接不良的问题，不利于提高电池单体的可靠性。
基于上述技术问题，本申请提供了一种电池单体、电池及用电装置，通过对正极极耳与负极极耳中至少一者在第一方向上的高度尺寸进行了调整，从而降低正极极耳与负极极耳对应的密实度差异，以此提高正极极耳与负极极耳对应焊接良率，提高电池单体的制备可靠性。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池以及使用电池的用电装置，用电装置例如是手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等，其中，航天器例如是飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等，电动玩具例如包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，具体例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，电动工具例如包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，具体例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨。
本申请实施例描述的电池单体不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的用电装置，但为描述简洁，下述实施例均以电动汽车为例进行说明。
请参阅图1，图1为本申请实施例提供的一种车辆1000的简易示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部可以设置电池100，具体例如，在车辆1000的底部或车头或车尾可以设置电池100。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200例如用来控制电池为马达300的供电。电池可以用于车辆1000的启动、导航等，当然，电池100也可以用于驱动车辆1000行驶，替代或部分地替代燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动。
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸示意图。如图2所示，电池100包括箱体400和电池单体(图中未示出)，电池单体容纳于箱体400内。
箱体400用于容纳电池单体，箱体400可以是多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体400可以包括第一箱体部401和第二箱体部402，第一箱体部401与第二箱体部402相互盖合，第一箱体部401和第二箱体部402共同限定出用于容纳电池单体的容纳部403。第二箱体部402可以是一端开口的空心结构，第一箱体部401为板状结构，第一箱体部401盖合于第二箱体部402的开口侧，以形成具有容纳部403的箱体；第一箱体部401和第二箱体部402也均可以是一侧开口的空心结构，第一箱体部401的开口侧盖合于第二箱体部402的开口侧，以形成具有容纳部的箱体400。当然，第一箱体部401和第二箱体部402可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中，电池单体可以是一个，也可以是多个。若电池单体为多个，多个电池单体之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体构成的整体容纳于箱体400内；当然，也可以是多个电池单体先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块600，多个电池模块600再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体400内。
图3为图2所示电池模块600的爆炸结构示意图。在一些实施例中，如图3所示，电池单体500为多个，多个电池单体500先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块600。多个电池模块600再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体内。
接下来将结合附图对电池单体的结构进行描述。
请参阅图4至图6，电池单体500包括外壳10以及电极组件20，电极组件20设置于外壳10内，电极组件20包括主体部23、正极极耳21和负极极耳22，正极极耳21与负极极耳22沿第一方向X位于主体部23的同一侧，第一方向X为电池单体的500的轴向，正极极耳21中的至少部分在第一方向X上的尺寸大于负极极耳22中的至少部分在第一方向X上的尺寸。
电池单体500是用于提供电能的部件结构，电池单体500设有外壳10，外壳10呈中空结构，外壳10用于对位于其内部的其他部件结构起到保护作用。电极组件20等部件可以设置在外壳10内部，电极组件20是电极单体中用于提供电能的主要部件。
外壳10的形状可以根据电极组件20的具体形状来确定，即外壳10的形状可以与电极组件20的形状相适配，例如当电极组件20为圆柱体结构，则可以选用圆柱体外壳10；当电极组件20为长方体结构，则可以选用长方体外壳10。或者根据实际需要的不同，外壳10的形状也可以与电极组件20的形状不同，例如当电极组件20为圆柱体结构，外壳10则可以为长方体结构或者其他多边体结构；当电极组件20为长方体结构，外壳10则可以为圆柱体结构。
第一方向X为电池单体500的轴向，这里提到的轴向指的是：与电池单体500中心轴平行的方向。示例性地，当外壳10为圆柱体外壳10时，第一方向X为垂直于该圆柱体径向方向的方向。当外壳10为长方体外壳10时，第一方向为平行于该长方体长度方向的方向。
在一些实施例中，外壳10可以是密封结构，也可以是非密封结构。作为示例，外壳10为密封结构时，外壳10可以起到保护电极组件20并且一定程度上防止诸如电解质泄露等作用。外壳10为非密封结构时，外壳10可以起到保护电极组件20的作用，外壳10与电极组件20之间可以还包括密封袋，密封袋用于封装电极组件20及电解质等。具体地，密封袋可以为袋状的绝缘件或铝塑膜。
电极组件20可以包括正极极片、负极极片以及隔离件，隔离件位于正极极片与负极极片之间，正极极片和负极极片均包括覆盖活性物质层的区域以及未覆盖活性物质层的区域。
主体部23是电极组件20中的主要部分，除了隔离件外，主体部23还包括有在第一方向X上正极极片和负极极片中对应隔离件设置的部分结构，其中，隔离件在第一方向X上通常超出正极极片以及负极极片上覆盖有活性物质层的区域。因此主体部23除了包括有正极极片以及负极极片上覆盖有活性物质层的结构外，还包括有正极极片以及负极极片上未覆盖有活性物质层的部分结构，且该部分结构连接至正极极片或负极极片上覆盖有活性物质层的结构。
正极极耳21和负极极耳22分别是电极组件20上用于与其他结构相连接，以实现电能传递的两个极耳部件。可选地，电池单体500还可以包括有设置于外壳10上的两个电极端子，两个电极端子彼此绝缘设置且分别电连接至正极极耳21和负极极耳22，电极端子用于实现电池单体500内外之间的电能传递。
正极极耳21是正极极片上未覆盖有活性物质层的区域中的部分结构，正极极耳21从主体部23沿第一方向X的一端延伸出并被揉平或抚平。负极极耳22是负极极片上未覆盖有活性物质层的区域中的部分结构，负极极耳22从主体部23沿第一方向X的一端延伸出并被揉平或抚平。
正极极耳21以及负极极耳22均是有多个层结构相互堆叠并揉平或抚平形成的。具体地，以正极极耳21为例，在电极组件20制备过程中，可以先对正极极片上未覆盖有活性物质层的区域进行切割处理，从而形成多个间隔设置的多个层结构，之后需要将正极极片、隔离件以及负极极片依次堆叠并将三者共同卷绕设置，从而在卷绕完成后，正极极片上被切割形成的多个层结构能够对应堆叠设置，之后通过对其进行揉平或抚平处理从而形成正极极耳21，负极极耳22与之同理。
正极极耳21与负极极耳22从主体部23沿第一方向X的同一端延伸出，因此在电池单体500制备过程中，正极极耳21与负极极耳22通常采用同一设备一同揉平或抚平形成。其中，根据实际需要以及制备工艺的不同，正极极耳21中各位置处可以完全被揉平或抚平处理，或者正极极耳21中仅部分位置处被揉平或抚平处理，而其他位置处未被揉平或抚平处理，负极极耳22与之同理。
进一步地，在相关技术中，揉平或抚平后的正极极耳21对应的厚度尺寸能够与揉平后的负极极耳22的高度尺寸相同或相近，但是由于正极极耳21与负极极耳22对应的材质以及单层结构的厚度不同，从而容易引发两者对应的密实度不同，而密实度的不同往往意味着正极极片与负极极片对应的致密程度不同，进而在焊接过程，正极极片与负极极片中一者可能因密实度过低，而导致隔离件因焊接工艺所烧伤，或者正极极片与负极极片中一者可能因密实度过高，而导致焊点焊接不良，容易在使用过程中在焊接位置处发生剥离的风险。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例提到的“密实度”指的是：材料的固定物质部分的质量与总体积的比例。具体地说，若正极极耳21各位置处均被揉平或抚平，则正极极耳21的密实度为正极极耳21的总重量与正极极耳21总体积的比值。若正极极耳21仅部分区域被揉平或抚平，则正极极耳21的密实度为正极极耳21被揉平或抚平区域的重量与正极极耳21被揉平或抚平区域的体积的比值，负极极耳22对应的密实度计算方式与之同理。
在本申请实施例中，对正极极耳21与负极极耳22中至少一者在第一方向X上的高度尺寸进行了调整，具体地说，可以通过对负极极耳22进行进一步压缩，使得正极极耳21中的至少部分在第一方向X上的尺寸大于负极极耳22中的至少部分在第一方向X上的尺寸，从而降低正极极耳21与负极极耳22对应的密实度差异，以此提高正极极耳21与负极极耳22对应焊接良率，提高电池单体500的制备可靠性。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例提到的“正极极耳21中的至少部分在第一方向X上的尺寸”指的是：正极极耳21中被揉平或抚平的结构在第一方向X上的尺寸，当正极极耳21完全被揉平或抚平，则对应的是正极极耳21中的全部结构在第一方向X上的尺寸。当正极极耳21仅部分区域被揉平或抚平，则对应的是正极极耳21在被揉平或抚平区域的部分结构在第一方向X上的尺寸。负极极耳22中的至少部分在第一方向X上的尺寸与之同理。
在一些实施例中，请参阅图4、图5以及图7，电极组件20包括沿第二方向Y堆叠设置的多个第一层结构C1，以及沿第二方向Y堆叠设置的多个第二层结构C2，第一层结构C1与第二层结构C2间隔设置，多个第一层结构C1形成正极极耳21，多个第二层结构C2形成负极极耳22，第一方向X与第二方向Y相交，第一层结构C1的厚度大于第二层结构C2的厚度。
结合前述内容可知，正极极耳21与负极极耳22均可以借助多个层结构堆叠并被揉平或抚平形成，具体地说，正极极耳21借助多个第一层结构C1堆叠并被揉平或抚平形成，多个第一层结构C1在第二方向Y上排列设置。负极极耳22接借助多个第二层结构C2堆叠并被揉平或抚平形成，多个第二层结构C2在第二方向Y上排列设置。可选地，第一方向X垂直于第二方向Y。
进一步地，单个第一层结构C1在第二方向Y上的厚度尺寸大于单个第二层结构C2在第二方向Y上的厚度尺寸，因此如果将正极极耳21与负极极耳22揉平或抚平至同一高度，则会导致正极极耳21的密实度大于负极极耳22的密实度，进而引发焊接不良的问题发生。
鉴于此，本申请实施例对负极极耳22进一步进行压缩处理，使得负极极耳22在第一方向X上的高度尺寸小于正极极耳21在第一方向X上的高度尺寸，以此增大负极极耳22对应密实度，从而降低正极极耳21与负极极耳22之间的密实度差异，有助于提高焊接良率，提高电池单体500的制备可靠性。
在一些实施例中，正极极耳21的材料包括金属铝，负极极耳22的材料包括金属铜。
相较于金属铝，在焊接过程中，金属铜对应所需的激光强度更大，即负极极耳22对应需要更大的激光强度，而更大的激光强度往往意味着需要匹配更大的密实度，若密实度不足则容易导致隔离件在焊接过程中被烧伤，影响电池单体500对应的制备可靠性。
鉴于此，本申请实施例通过将负极极耳22在第一方向X上的高度调整为小于正极极耳21在第一方向X上的高度，从而使得负极极耳22能够相对于正极极耳21进一步被压缩，以此提高负极极耳22对应密实度，降低焊接过程中负极极耳22对应焊接位置处发生隔离件被烧坏的风险，提高电池单体500的制备良率以及可靠性。
在一些实施例中，如图4和图5所示，正极极耳21在第一方向X上的尺寸为H1，负极极耳22在第一方向X上的尺寸为H2，H1和H2满足：0.2mm≤H1-H2≤1.5mm。可选地，H1-H2为0.2mm、0.4mm、0.8mm、1mm、1.25mm以及1.5mm中的一者。
极耳对应的密实度通常与其在第一方向X上的高度尺寸具有一定关联性，极耳的高度越高，其对应的密实度越低。而由前述内容可知，极耳对应的密实度过低，容易导致隔离件被烧伤，极耳对应的密实度过高，则容易引发焊接不良的风险，因此需要将极耳对应的密实度把控在一定范围内。
鉴于此，本申请实施例对正极极耳21与负极极耳22在第一方向X上的高度关系进一步加以限制，使得在第一方向X上正极极耳21超出负极极耳22的高度不低于0.2mm，且不高于1.5mm，从而确保两者之间的密实度差异可以把控在一定范围内，进而当正极极耳21与负极极耳22中一者焊接可靠的前提下，降低另一者对应焊接位置处发生隔离件被烧伤或焊接不良的问题发生，提高正极极耳21与负极极耳22对应的焊接可靠性，提高电池单体500的制备良率。
在一些实施例中，正极极耳21的密实度R1为0.2g/cm3≤R1≤1g/cm3，和/或，负极极耳22的密实度R2为0.5g/cm3≤R2≤1.5g/cm3。可选地，正极极耳21的密实度R1为0.2g/cm3、0.4g/cm3、0.6g/cm3、0.8g/cm3以及1g/cm3中的一者。和/或，负极极耳22的密实度R2为0.5g/cm3、0.8g/cm3、1g/cm3、1.2g/cm3以及1.5g/cm3中的一者。
需要说明的是，虽然正极极耳21在第一方向X上的高度大于负极极耳22在第一方向X上的高度，但是由于正极极耳21与负极极耳22对应的材质以及单层结构的厚度等因素的不同，正极极耳21的密实度可以小于负极极耳22的密实度，或者正极极耳21的密实度也可以大于或等与负极极耳22的密实度。
在本申请实施例中，通过限定正极极耳21与负极极耳22中至少一者的密实度范围，从而降低正极极耳21与负极极耳22对应的密实度差异，降低正极极耳21与负极极耳22中至少一者因密实度过低而导致烧伤隔离件的风险，并且有助于提高正极极耳21与负极极耳22中至少一者对应焊接强度，提高电池单体500的制备良率。
在一些实施例中，电池单体500还包括设置于外壳10上且相互绝缘设置的正极端子31与负极端子32，正极端子31电连接至正极极耳21，负极端子32电连接至负极极耳22。
正极端子31与负极端子32为相互绝缘的两个电极端子，正极端子31用于实现正极极耳21与外部其他结构之间的电导通，负极端子32用于试下负极极耳22与外部其他结构之间的电导通。可选地，外壳10内还可以设有集流构件40，正极端子31与负极端子32可以通过两个不同的集流构件40分别电连接至正极极耳21与负极极耳22，或者正极端子31与负极端子32也可以通过同一集流构件40中相互绝缘的不同部分电连接至正极极耳21与负极极耳22。
在本申请实施例中，正极极耳21与负极极耳22位于主体部23的同一端，两者可以借助相同激光设备分别进行焊接固定，在此基础上，通过调整负极极耳22与正极极耳21在第一方向X上的尺寸，使得两者之间的密实度大小保持相同或相近，从而提高正极极耳21与负极极耳22对应焊接可靠性，提高电池单体500的制备良率。
在一些实施例中，如图6所示，电池单体500还包括集流构件40，集流构件40包括连接于正极极耳21的第一连接部41以及连接于负极极耳22的第二连接部42，第一连接部41和第二连接部42彼此绝缘设置。第一连接部41具有朝向正极极耳21的第一表面M1，第二连接部42具有朝向负极极耳22的第二表面M2，第一表面M1位于第二表面M2远离主体部23的一侧。
集流构件40用于实现极耳与电极端子之间的电连接，其中，集流构件40包括有相互绝缘的第一连接部41和第二连接部42，第一连接部41用于连接正极极耳21与正极端子31，以实现正极极耳21与正极端子31之间的电连接。第二连接部42用于连接负极极耳22与负极端子32，以实现负极极耳22与负极端子32之间的电连接。可选地，正极极耳21与第一连接部41焊接固定，负极极耳22与第二连接部42焊接固定。
相较于正极极耳21与负极极耳22分别借助不同集流构件40电连接至对应电极端子的方案，这种设计使得单个集流构件40能够同时满足正极极耳21与正极端子31之间的电连接，以及负极极耳22与负极端子32之间的连接需要，以此降低集流构件40的整体尺寸，降低集流构件40对外壳10内部空间的占用，有助于提高电池单体500的对应的能量密度。
第一连接部41具有朝向正极极耳21的第一表面M1，第一表面M1即为第一连接部41上用于与正极极耳21接触连接的表面。第二连接部42具有朝向负极极耳22的第二表面M2，第二表面M2即为第二连接部42上用于与负极极耳22接触连接的表面。
在此基础上，由于正极极耳21在第一方向X上的尺寸大于负极极耳22在第一方向X上的尺寸，因此为了满足第一连接部41与第二连接部42相对与正极极耳21与负极极耳22的连接需要，本申请实施例对第一连接部41与第二连接部42中至少一者的结构进行了调整，使得第一连接部41中的第一表面M1位于第二连接部42中第二表面M2远离主体的一侧，以此使得第一连接部41与第二连接部42分别与不同高度的极耳匹配连接，满足极耳与集流构件40之间的连接需要。
在一些实施例中，请参阅图4和图8，集流构件40还包括设置于第一连接部41与第二连接部42之间的绝缘部43，第一连接部41具有连接于绝缘部43的第一连接端D1，第二连接部42具有连接于绝缘部43的第二连接端D2，第一连接端D1位于第二连接端D2远离主体部23的一侧。
绝缘部43夹设于第一连接部41与第二连接部42之间，绝缘部43包括有绝缘材料用以实现第一连接部41与第二连接部42之间的彼此绝缘。绝缘部43相对第一连接部41和第二连接部42可以具有多种连接方式，例如可以采用焊接以及粘接等方式连接固定。
在本申请实施例中，第一连接端D1是第一连接部41上用于连接至绝缘部43的端部结构，第二连接端D2是第二连接部42上用于连接至绝缘部43的端部结构。进一步地，为了使得第一连接部41能够与正极极耳21适配接触，第二连接部42能够与负极极耳22适配接触，本申请实施例将第一连接端D1设置位于第二连接端D2远离主体部23的一侧，即第一连接部41上连接至绝缘件的端部相对于第二连接部42上连接至绝缘件的端部距离主体部23更远，以此使得第一表面M1位于第二表面M2远离主体部23的一侧，满足第一表面M1与正极极耳21的接触需要以及第二表面M2与负极极耳22的接触需要。
在一些实施例中，请参阅图6和图9，第一连接部41包括第一本体部411以及由第一本体部411向靠近正极极耳21突出的第一突出部412，第一突出部412相对于第一本体部411的突出尺寸为L1。第二连接部42包括第二本体部421以及由第二本体部421向靠近负极极耳22突出的第二突出部422，第二突出部422相对于第二本体部421的突出尺寸为L2，L2＞L1。
第一本体部411是第一连接部41的主要部分，第一突出部412连接于第一本体部411并向靠近正极极耳21的方向突出，第一突出部412是第一连接部41中用于连接正极极耳21的结构。进一步地，第一表面M1是第一突出部412上朝向正极极耳21的表面。可选地，第一本体部411与第一突出部412可以为一体结构。
第二本体部421是第二连接部42的主要部分，第二突出部422连接于第二本体部421并向靠近负极极耳22的方向突出，第二突出部422是第二连接部42中用于连接负极极耳22的结构。进一步地，第二表面M2是第二突出部422上朝向负极极耳22的表面。可选地，第二本体部421与第二突出部422可以为一体结构。
在本申请实施例中，为了使得第一突出部412可以与正极极耳21接触连接，第二突出部422可以与负极极耳22接触连接，因此对第一突出部412与第二突出部422对应的突出尺寸进行了限制，使得第一突出部412相对于第一本体部411的突出尺寸L1小于第二突出部422相对于第二本体部421的突出尺寸L2，即第二突出部422相对于第一突出部412更靠近本体部突出，以便实现第一突出部412与正极极耳21之间的接触连接，第二突出部422与负极极耳22之间的接触连接，具有较强的实用性。
需要说明的是，根据实际需要的不同，可以选择将第一连接端D1位于第二连接端D2远离主体部23的一侧，并使第一突出部412的突出尺寸L1等于第二突出部422的突出尺寸L2。或者也可以选择将第一连接端D1与第二连接端D2在第一方向X上设置在同一高度上，并使第一突出部412的突出尺寸L1小于第二突出部422的突出尺寸L2。或者也可以选择将第一连接端D1位于第二连接端D2远离主体部23的一侧，并使第一突出部412的突出尺寸L1小于第二突出部422的突出尺寸L2。当然也可以选择其他方式，只要满足第一表面M1位于第二表面M2远离主体部23的一侧即可。
在一些实施例中，电池单体500为圆柱电池单体500。
在本申请实施例中，考虑到圆柱电池单体500可能存在焊接不良的问题，因此对圆柱电池单体500中负极极耳22进行进一步压缩，使得正极极耳21在第一方向X上的尺寸大于负极极耳22在第一方向X上的尺寸，从而降低正极极耳21与负极极耳22对应的密实度差异，以此提高正极极耳21与负极极耳22对应焊接良率，提高圆柱电池单体500的制备可靠性。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池，电池包括前述任一实施方式中的电池单体500。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例提供的电池具有前述任一实施方式中电池单体500的有益效果，具体请参照前述对电池单体500有益效果的描述，本申请实施例不再赘述。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供了一种用电装置，用电装置包括前述任一实施方式中的电池单体500，电池单体500用于提供电能。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例提供的用电装置具有前述任一实施方式中电池单体500有益效果，具体请参照前述对电池单体500有益效果的描述，本申请实施例不再赘述。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，请参阅图4至图6，电池单体500包括外壳10、电极组件20、正极端子31、负极端子32以及集流构件40，电极组件20设置于外壳10内，电极组件20包括主体部23、正极极耳21和负极极耳22，正极极耳21从主体部23沿第一方向X的一端伸出并被揉平或抚平，负极极耳22从主体部23沿第一方向X的一侧延伸出并被揉平或抚平，正极极耳21在第一方向X上的尺寸大于负极极耳22在第一方向X上的尺寸。
电极组件20包括沿第二方向Y堆叠设置的多个层结构，以及沿第二方向Y堆叠设置在的多个第二层结构C2，第一层结构C1与第二层结构C2间隔设置，多个第一层结构C1被揉平或抚平形成正极极耳21，多个第二层结构C2被揉平或抚平形成负极极耳22，第一方向X与第二方向Y相交，第一层结构C1的厚度大于第二层结构C2的厚度。正极极耳21的材料包括金属铝，负极极耳22的材料包括金属铜。
正极极耳21在第一方向X上的尺寸为H1，负极极耳22在第一方向X上的尺寸为H2，H1和H2满足：0.2mm≤H1-H2≤1.5mm。正极极耳21的密实度R1为0.2g/cm3≤R1≤1g/cm3，和/或，负极极耳22的密实度R2为0.5g/cm3≤R2≤1.5g/cm3。
正极极耳21与负极极耳22位于主体部23的同一侧，电池单体500还包括设于外壳10上且相互绝缘设置的正极端子31与负极端子32，正极端子31电连接至正极极耳21，负极端子32电连接至负极极耳22。电池单体500还包括集流构件40，集流构件40包括连接于正极极耳21的第一连接部41，以及连接于负极极耳22的第二连接部42，第一连接部41与第二连接部42彼此绝缘设置。第一连接部41具有朝向正极极耳21的第一表面M1，第二连接部42具有朝向负极极耳22的第二表面M2，第一表面M1位于第二表面M2远离主体部23的一侧。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种电池单体，包括：
    外壳；
    电极组件，设置于所述外壳内，所述电极组件包括主体部、正极极耳和负极极耳，所述正极极耳与所述负极极耳沿第一方向位于所述主体部的同一侧，所述第一方向为所述电池单体的轴向方向；
    所述正极极耳中的至少部分在所述第一方向上的尺寸大于所述负极极耳中的至少部分在所述第一方向上的尺寸。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述电极组件包括沿第二方向堆叠设置的多个第一层结构，以及沿所述第二方向堆叠设置的多个第二层结构，所述第一层结构与所述第二层结构间隔设置，所述多个第一层结构形成所述正极极耳，所述多个第二层结构形成所述负极极耳，所述第一方向与所述第二方向相交；
    所述第一层结构的厚度大于所述第二层结构的厚度。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述正极极耳的材料包括金属铝，所述负极极耳的材料包括金属铜。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述正极极耳在所述第一方向上的尺寸为H1，所述负极极耳在所述第一方向上的尺寸为H2，H1和H2满足：0.2mm≤H1-H2≤1.5mm。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述正极极耳的密实度R1为0.2g/cm3≤R1≤1g/cm3，和/或，所述负极极耳的密实度R2为0.5g/cm3≤R2≤1.5g/cm3。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体还包括设置于所述外壳上且相互绝缘的正极端子与负极端子，所述正极端子电连接至所述正极极耳，所述负极端子电连接至所述负极极耳。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的电池单体，还包括集流构件，所述集流构件包括连接于所述正极极耳的第一连接部，以及连接于所述负极极耳的第二连接部，所述第一连接部与所述第二连接部彼此绝缘设置；
    所述第一连接部具有朝向所述正极极耳的第一表面，所述第二连接部具有朝向所述负极极耳的第二表面，所述第一表面位于所述第二表面远离主体部的一侧。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池单体，其中，所述集流构件还包括设置于所述第一连接部与所述第二连接部之间的绝缘部，所述第一连接部具有连接于所述绝缘部的第一连接端，所述第二连接部具有连接于所述绝缘部的第二连接端；
    所述第一连接端位于所述第二连接端远离所述主体部的一侧。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一连接部包括第一本体部以及由第一本体部向靠近所述正极极耳突出的第一突出部，所述第一突出部相对于所述第一本体部的突出尺寸为L1；
    所述第二连接部包括第二本体部以及由第二本体部向靠近所述负极极耳突出的第二突出部，所述第二突出部相对于所述第二本体部的突出尺寸为L2，L1＞L2。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体为圆柱电池单体。
  11. 一种电池，包括如权利要求1至10任一项所述的电池单体。
  12. 一种用电装置，包括如权利要求1至10任一项所述的电池单体，所述电池单体用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2025/081530 2024-06-28 2025-03-10 电池单体、电池及用电装置 Pending WO2026001075A1 (zh)

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CN213936468U (zh) * 2020-11-12 2021-08-10 厦门海辰新能源科技有限公司 一种极片、电芯以及电池
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CN117712635A (zh) * 2022-04-28 2024-03-15 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池单体、电池、用电设备、电极组件及其制造方法

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CN213936468U (zh) * 2020-11-12 2021-08-10 厦门海辰新能源科技有限公司 一种极片、电芯以及电池
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