WO2026001029A1 - 天线组件和网络设备 - Google Patents

天线组件和网络设备

Info

Publication number
WO2026001029A1
WO2026001029A1 PCT/CN2025/078821 CN2025078821W WO2026001029A1 WO 2026001029 A1 WO2026001029 A1 WO 2026001029A1 CN 2025078821 W CN2025078821 W CN 2025078821W WO 2026001029 A1 WO2026001029 A1 WO 2026001029A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
dielectric substrate
line
antenna assembly
feed line
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2025/078821
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
唐明春
朱伟
李梅
吴家辉
邵金进
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Publication of WO2026001029A1 publication Critical patent/WO2026001029A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an antenna assembly and a network device.
  • Fiber to the Room is a new networking solution that extends fiber optic cables to every room or office, building upon Fiber to the Building (FTTB) and Fiber to the Home (FTTH). This allows each room or office to achieve gigabit or even 10-gigabit fiber optic network speeds, resulting in full gigabit or higher coverage throughout the house. Therefore, FTTR requires the installation of network devices such as gateways in each room or office.
  • This disclosure provides an antenna assembly and a network device that can improve the communication quality of the antenna assembly.
  • this disclosure provides an antenna assembly, which includes a dielectric substrate, a first antenna, a second antenna, a first ground plane, and a second ground plane;
  • the first antenna is located on the first surface of the dielectric substrate and near the first end of the dielectric substrate along the length direction
  • the first ground plane is located on the second surface of the dielectric substrate and near the first end of the dielectric substrate along the length direction.
  • the second antenna is located on the second surface of the dielectric substrate and near the second end of the dielectric substrate along its length direction
  • the second ground plane is located on the first surface of the dielectric substrate and near the second end of the dielectric substrate along its length direction.
  • the joint radiation of electromagnetic waves by the first and second antennas increases the number of radiating elements compared to the radiation of electromagnetic waves by a single antenna. Therefore, in application, by controlling the current transmitted on the first and second antennas to be in the same direction, the first and second antennas can radiate electromagnetic waves in the same direction, thereby increasing the gain of the antenna assembly and/or widening its operating frequency band, thus ensuring or improving the communication quality of network equipment within a smaller size.
  • all or part of the first antenna is located between the first ground plane and a first end of the dielectric substrate, and all or part of the second antenna is located between the second ground plane and a second end of the dielectric substrate.
  • the first antenna either entirely or partially, is positioned between the first ground plane and the first end of the dielectric substrate along its length to offset the first antenna from the first ground plane. This is because if the entire back side of the first antenna corresponds to the first ground plane, the excitation signal fed into the first antenna would flow back to the ground via the first ground plane, thus preventing the first antenna from radiating electromagnetic waves.
  • all or part of the second antenna, between the second ground wire and the second end of the dielectric substrate, is positioned to offset from the second ground plane along the length of the dielectric substrate.
  • the first antenna and/or the second antenna includes a main radiating element and at least one auxiliary radiating element, wherein the at least one auxiliary radiating element is parallel to and connected to the main radiating element;
  • the length of the line connecting each auxiliary radiation unit to the main radiation unit satisfies the condition that the auxiliary radiation unit and the main radiation unit radiate electromagnetic waves in the same direction.
  • the auxiliary radiation unit is used to couple the excitation current on the main radiation unit. If the current coupled on the auxiliary radiation unit is in the same direction as the current on the main radiation unit, then the electromagnetic wave radiated by the auxiliary radiation unit will exhibit an enhancement phenomenon after being superimposed with the electromagnetic wave radiated by the main radiation unit, thereby further increasing the gain and/or widening the frequency band.
  • the main radiating unit is strip-shaped, with its length direction parallel to the length direction of the dielectric substrate.
  • the auxiliary radiating unit is L-shaped, with its lateral portion connected to the main radiating unit and its vertical portion pointing towards the center of the dielectric substrate.
  • the auxiliary radiation unit needs to have a horizontal portion and a vertical portion.
  • the vertical portion is used to be parallel to the main radiation unit
  • the horizontal portion is used to connect to the main radiation unit.
  • the horizontal portion of the auxiliary radiation unit can be a straight line, a curve, a bend, an oblique line, or a horizontal line.
  • the horizontal portion of the auxiliary radiation unit is a horizontal straight line.
  • the vertical portion of the auxiliary radiation unit can be a straight line, an oblique line, a curve, or a bend, as long as it has a vertical component parallel to the main radiation unit.
  • the vertical portion of the auxiliary radiation unit is a vertical straight line.
  • the projection of the second antenna onto the first surface of the dielectric substrate is symmetrically distributed with respect to the first antenna.
  • the portion of the first antenna near the first end of the dielectric substrate extends as far as possible to the first end, and the portion of the second antenna near the second end of the dielectric substrate extends as far as possible to the second end.
  • the projection of the second antenna onto the first surface of the dielectric substrate is symmetrically distributed with the first antenna, and the first axis of symmetry is the transverse centerline of the dielectric substrate. This maximizes the utilization of the dielectric substrate's placement, while the size of the dielectric substrate is related to the space available for its placement in the network device.
  • the antenna assembly further includes at least one dipole antenna, wherein both radiating elements of the dipole antenna are located on the surface of the dielectric substrate, and the length directions of the two radiating elements are parallel to the length direction of the dielectric substrate.
  • each dipole antenna also functions as an antenna radiating electromagnetic waves outwards.
  • This method of radiating electromagnetic waves through the first antenna, the second antenna, and at least one dipole antenna increases the number of radiating elements compared to radiating electromagnetic waves with a single antenna. Therefore, in application, controlling the current transmitted on the first antenna, the second antenna, and at least one dipole antenna to be in the same direction, thereby achieving the same-direction electromagnetic wave radiation from the first antenna, the second antenna, and at least one dipole antenna, can increase the gain of the antenna assembly while keeping the operating frequency band essentially unchanged, or widen the operating frequency band of the antenna assembly while keeping the gain of the antenna assembly essentially unchanged. Regardless of the adjustment, the communication quality of the network equipment can be improved.
  • one radiating element is located on the first surface of the dielectric substrate, and the other radiating element is located on the second surface of the dielectric substrate.
  • the dipole antenna radiates electromagnetic waves
  • its two radiating elements are electrically connected as follows: one radiating element is connected to the signal line of the feed line, and the other radiating element is connected to the ground line of the feed line.
  • the first antenna and the first ground plane are located on opposite sides of the dielectric substrate, and the second antenna and the second ground plane are also located on opposite sides of the dielectric substrate. Therefore, to facilitate energy coupling from the first antenna or the second antenna between the two radiating elements of the dipole antenna, correspondingly, for each dipole antenna, one radiating element can be arranged on the first surface of the dielectric substrate, and the other radiating element can be arranged on the second surface of the dielectric substrate.
  • the multiple dipole antennas are arranged on the same side of the vertical centerline along the length direction of the dielectric substrate. Therefore, there is still space on the other side of the dielectric substrate to arrange other structural components such as the feed network, so that the feed network is also integrated into the antenna assembly.
  • the antenna assembly further includes a first feed line and a second feed line, both of which include a signal line and a ground line;
  • the signal line of the first feed line is located on the first surface of the dielectric substrate and is connected to the first antenna; the ground line of the first feed line is located on the second surface of the dielectric substrate and is connected to the first ground plane.
  • the signal line of the second feed line is located on the second surface of the dielectric substrate and is connected to the second antenna.
  • the ground line of the second feed line is located on the first surface of the dielectric substrate and is connected to the second ground plane.
  • the antenna assembly also integrates a first feed line for feeding the first antenna and a second feed line for feeding the second antenna, thereby improving the integration level of the antenna assembly.
  • the signal lines of the first feeder are arranged parallel to the ground line, and the signal lines of the second feeder are arranged parallel to the ground line.
  • the first signal line and the first ground line of the first feeder are parallel to each other, and the second signal line and the second ground line of the second feeder are parallel to each other.
  • the first signal line and the first ground line form a closed loop
  • the second signal line and the second ground line form a closed loop. Consequently, the first and second signal lines are used solely as signal transmission lines and do not radiate electromagnetic waves outwards.
  • the signal line of the first feed line and the ground line of the second feed line are symmetrically distributed on a first surface of the dielectric substrate, and the ground line of the first feed line and the signal line of the second feed line are symmetrically distributed on a second surface of the dielectric substrate.
  • the electrical length of the first signal line of the first feed line is equal to the electrical length of the second signal line of the second feed line.
  • the electrical length of the signal line of the first feeder is equal to the electrical length of the signal line of the second feeder, and the first antenna and the second antenna radiate electromagnetic waves in the same direction.
  • the electrical length of the first signal line of the first feeder is equal to the electrical length of the second signal line of the second feeder, so that when the excitation signal fed into the first main radiating element of the first antenna is in phase with the excitation signal fed into the second main radiating element of the second antenna, the current transmitted on the first main radiating element is in the same direction as the current transmitted on the second main radiating element, thereby achieving co-directional radiation.
  • both the first feed line and the second feed line are arranged on the same side of the vertical centerline along the length direction of the dielectric substrate.
  • the first feed line and the second feed line are both arranged on the same side of the vertical center line along the length direction of the dielectric substrate. Then, the opposite side of the dielectric substrate can be used to arrange other structural components, such as at least one dipole antenna, thereby improving the integration of the antenna assembly.
  • a network device including a radio frequency circuit and the antenna assembly described in the first aspect, the radio frequency circuit being used to enable the antenna assembly to transmit and receive wireless signals.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a network device provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of an antenna assembly provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of an antenna assembly provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing the dimension markings in Figure 3(a);
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of three-dimensional spherical coordinates provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between return loss and frequency of an antenna assembly provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure in the high-frequency band.
  • Figure 7 is a horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna assembly provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure at a frequency of 5.2 GHz;
  • Figure 8 is a horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna assembly provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure at a frequency of 5.5 GHz.
  • Figure 9 is a horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna assembly provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure at a frequency of 5.8 GHz;
  • Figure 10 is a vertical radiation pattern of an antenna assembly provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure at a frequency of 5.2 GHz;
  • Figure 11 is a vertical radiation pattern of an antenna assembly provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure at a frequency of 5.5 GHz;
  • Figure 12 is a vertical radiation pattern of an antenna assembly provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure at a frequency of 5.8 GHz;
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between return loss and frequency of an antenna assembly provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure in the low-frequency band.
  • Housing 200. Mainboard; 300. Antenna assembly; 1. Dielectric board; 2. First antenna; 21. First main radiating element; 22. First auxiliary radiating element; 3. Second antenna; 31. Second main radiating element; 32. Second auxiliary radiating element; 4. First ground plane; 5. Second ground plane; 6a. First radiating element; 6b. Second radiating element; 6c. Third radiating element; 6d. Fourth radiating element; 7. First feeder; 71. First signal line; 72. First ground line; 8. Second feeder; 81. Second signal line; 82. Second ground line.
  • the network device can be a gateway deployed in a room in an FTTR networking mode, such as a master gateway or a slave gateway.
  • the network device can also be a device in passive optical network (PON) fiber optic access technology, such as an optical network terminal (ONT).
  • PON passive optical network
  • the network device can also be a wireless local area network (WLAN) device, such as an access point (AP).
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • the network device can also be other devices that apply wireless antenna technology.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a network device
  • the housing 100, motherboard 200, and antenna assembly 300 of the network device are shown.
  • most of the space inside the housing 100 is occupied by the motherboard 200, and only a narrow space is reserved between one side of the motherboard 200 and the inner wall of the housing 100 for arranging the antenna assembly 300. Therefore, how to arrange a high-performance antenna assembly in a small space is a significant challenge in this field.
  • This embodiment provides an antenna assembly that can arrange a large number of radiating elements in a small size. By using signals transmitted to multiple radiating elements in the same direction, the gain of the antenna assembly can be increased or the frequency band of the antenna assembly can be widened.
  • the antenna assembly provided in this embodiment can be applied to any relatively small network device, or to a relatively large network device with limited space for antenna placement.
  • the application of the antenna assembly in the network device shown in Figure 1 is used as an example.
  • the antenna assembly provided in this embodiment can be either an omnidirectional antenna or a directional antenna, depending on the application scenario of the network device. For example, if it is used in a short-range, wide-coverage scenario, the antenna assembly can be an omnidirectional antenna; if it is used in an environment with a small coverage area and high user density, the antenna assembly can be a directional antenna.
  • the antenna assembly provided in this embodiment can be a transmitting antenna, a receiving antenna, or a bidirectional antenna that can both transmit and receive signals.
  • the antenna assembly provided in this embodiment can be a single-frequency antenna or a multi-frequency antenna. Its operating frequency band can be 5.15GHz to 5.85GHz, or 2.4GHz to 2.5GHz, or the operating frequency band can include a high-frequency band (such as 5.15GHz to 5.85GHz) and a low-frequency band (such as 2.4GHz to 2.5GHz).
  • the type of antenna assembly is not limited. The features of the antenna assembly will be described below.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of the antenna assembly
  • Figure 3 is a planar structural diagram of the antenna assembly.
  • (a) is a view of the first surface (e.g., the front) of the dielectric substrate 1 in Figure 2
  • (b) is a view of the second surface (e.g., the back) of the dielectric substrate 1 in Figure 2.
  • the antenna assembly includes a dielectric substrate 1, a first antenna 2, and a first ground plane 4.
  • the dielectric substrate 1 is plate-shaped (e.g., a long strip-shaped plate).
  • the first antenna 2 is located on the first surface of the dielectric substrate 1 and is close to the first end of the dielectric substrate 1 along its length.
  • the first ground plane 4 is located on the second surface of the dielectric substrate 1 and is close to the first end of the dielectric substrate 1.
  • the first and second surfaces of the dielectric substrate 1 are positioned opposite each other along the thickness direction of the dielectric substrate 1.
  • the first surface can be referred to as the front side of the dielectric substrate 1
  • the second surface is the back side (also called the reverse side) of the dielectric substrate 1.
  • dielectric substrate 1 can also be referred to as substrate, and its material can be FR4 (FR4 is a code for a flame-retardant material grade).
  • FR4 is a code for a flame-retardant material grade.
  • the relative permittivity of dielectric substrate 1 is 4.4, the loss tangent is 0.0025, and the thickness is 1.6 mm.
  • the relative permittivity, loss tangent, and thickness of dielectric substrate 1 can also be selected with other values, and this embodiment does not specifically limit them.
  • the feed line that feeds the signal to the first antenna 2 is connected to the first antenna 2, and the first ground plane 4 is grounded, thus forming an antenna that radiates electromagnetic waves outward.
  • the antenna assembly also includes a second antenna 3 and a second ground plane 5.
  • the second antenna 3 is located on the second surface of the dielectric substrate 1 and is close to the second end of the dielectric substrate 1 along the length direction.
  • the second ground plane 5 is located on the first surface of the dielectric substrate 1 and is close to the second end of the dielectric substrate 1.
  • the feed line that feeds the signal to the second antenna 3 is connected to the second antenna 3, and the second grounding plate 5 is grounded, thus forming an antenna that radiates electromagnetic waves outward.
  • This method of radiating electromagnetic waves using both the first antenna 2 and the second antenna 3 increases the number of radiating elements compared to radiating electromagnetic waves with a single antenna. Therefore, in applications, by controlling the vector directions of the excitation signals fed into the first antenna 2 and the second antenna 3 to be the same (i.e., in the same direction), it is possible to increase the gain of the antenna assembly while keeping the operating frequency band essentially unchanged, or to widen the operating frequency band of the antenna assembly while keeping the gain essentially unchanged. Either adjustment can improve the communication quality of the network equipment.
  • the phase relationship between the excitation signal fed into the first antenna 2 and the excitation signal fed into the second antenna 3 can be adjusted by adjusting the relationship between the electrical length between the feed point of the first antenna 2 and the electrical length between the feed point of the second antenna 3 and the second antenna 3. For example, if the electrical lengths are equal, the directions of the feed currents will be the same. The dimensional relationship will be described in detail after the feed line is led out.
  • Electrical length refers to the ratio of the physical length of a microstrip transmission line to the wavelength of the transmitted electromagnetic wave.
  • the concept of electrical length is very important in electromagnetic wave propagation, as it directly affects the propagation speed, phase change, and impedance matching characteristics of the transmission line. Therefore, in this embodiment, the dimensions that affect phase and impedance matching characteristics are all electrical lengths unless otherwise specified.
  • one of the first antenna 2 and the first ground plane 4 is on the front side of the dielectric substrate 1, and the other is on the back side of the dielectric substrate 1, but both are close to the first end of the dielectric substrate 1.
  • one of the second antenna 3 and the second ground plane 5 is on the front side of the dielectric substrate 1, and the other is on the back side of the dielectric substrate 1, but both are close to the second end of the dielectric substrate 1.
  • This arrangement facilitates power feeding to the first antenna 2 and the second antenna 3.
  • a two-wire feed line including a signal line and a ground line can be extended to the vicinity of the first end of the dielectric substrate 1.
  • the signal line of this two-wire feed line is electrically connected to the first antenna 2, and the ground line of this two-wire feed line is electrically connected to the first ground plane 4.
  • another two-wire feed line can be extended to the vicinity of the second end of the dielectric substrate 1.
  • the signal line of this two-wire feed line is electrically connected to the second antenna 3, and the ground line of this two-wire feed line is electrically connected to the second ground plane 5.
  • both the first antenna 2 and the first ground plane 4 are close to the first end of the dielectric substrate 1.
  • all or part of the first antenna 2 is located between the first ground plane 4 and the first end of the dielectric substrate 1 along the length direction of the dielectric substrate 1.
  • all or part of the first antenna 2 is positioned between the first ground plane 4 and the first end of the dielectric substrate 1 to ensure that, along the length of the dielectric substrate 1, all or part of the first antenna 2 is offset from the first ground plane 4.
  • the portion of the first antenna 2 that does not correspond to the first ground plane 4, that is, the portion offset from the first ground plane 4, is the portion of the first antenna 2 used to radiate electromagnetic waves.
  • the portion of the first antenna 2 indicated by the dashed box is used to radiate electromagnetic waves.
  • the projection of the second antenna 3 onto the first surface of the dielectric substrate 1 is symmetrically distributed with respect to the first antenna 2.
  • the axis of symmetry (denoted as the first axis of symmetry) can be the transverse centerline in the width direction of the dielectric substrate 1 on the first surface.
  • the first axis of symmetry may not be the transverse centerline, but may simply be parallel to it; this embodiment does not limit this.
  • the portion of the first antenna 2 near the first end of the substrate 1 extends as far as possible to the first end of the substrate 1.
  • the portion of the second antenna 3 near the second end of the substrate 1 extends as far as possible to the second end of the substrate 1.
  • the projection of the second antenna 3 onto the first surface of the substrate 1 is symmetrically distributed with respect to the first antenna 2. Therefore, the first axis of symmetry is the transverse centerline of the substrate 1. This maximizes the usability of the substrate 1, whose size is related to the available space in the network device.
  • the projection of the first ground plane 4 onto the first surface of the dielectric substrate 1 is symmetrically distributed with respect to the second ground plane 5.
  • the axis of symmetry (denoted as the second axis of symmetry) can be the transverse centerline in the width direction of the dielectric substrate 1 on the first surface.
  • the second axis of symmetry may not be the transverse centerline, but may simply be parallel to it; this embodiment does not limit this.
  • the type of the first antenna 2 and the second antenna 3 are mainly related to the type of antenna assembly.
  • the antenna assembly is an omnidirectional antenna
  • both the first antenna 2 and the second antenna 3 can be omnidirectional antennas capable of uniformly radiating electromagnetic waves in the horizontal direction at 360°.
  • both the first antenna 2 and the second antenna 3 can be monopole antennas.
  • the first antenna 2 is an omnidirectional antenna and the second antenna 3 is a directional antenna, or the first antenna 2 is a directional antenna and the second antenna 3 is an omnidirectional antenna, or both the first antenna 2 and the second antenna 3 are directional antennas, but the superposition of the first antenna 2 and the second antenna 3 results in an omnidirectional antenna.
  • the antenna types of the first antenna 2 and the second antenna 3 are not limited, and the monopole antenna example is shown in Figure 3(a) and Figure 3(b).
  • the first antenna 2 includes a main radiating element (denoted as the first main radiating element 21), and the second antenna 3 also includes a main radiating element (denoted as the second main radiating element 31).
  • the dimensions of the first main radiating element 21 and the second main radiating element 31 may be equal or unequal. For ease of explanation, we will use an example where the dimensions are equal.
  • the main radiating elements of both the first antenna 2 and the second antenna 3 are elongated strips. Their arrangement on the dielectric substrate 1 is as follows: the length direction of the first main radiating element 21 is parallel to the length direction of the dielectric substrate 1, as shown in Figure 3(a). The first main radiating element 21 is vertically arranged on the first surface of the dielectric substrate 1, with one end extending as far as possible towards the first end of the dielectric substrate 1, and the other end used for connection to the feed line. Similarly, the length direction of the second main radiating element 31 is parallel to the length direction of the dielectric substrate 1, as shown in Figure 3(b). The second main radiating element 31 is vertically arranged on the second surface of the dielectric substrate 1, with one end extending as far as possible towards the second end of the dielectric substrate 1, and the other end used for connection to the feed line.
  • the length (electrical length) of the main radiating element of the first antenna 2 and the second antenna 3 is related to the operating frequency band of the antenna assembly.
  • the width (also electrical length) of the main radiating element is related to the impedance matching of the feed network.
  • the length L2 of the main radiating element ranges from 25mm to 28mm.
  • simulation verification shows that when the length L2 of the main radiating element is 26mm, the antenna assembly exhibits good antenna performance. This good antenna performance is mainly reflected in a wider operating frequency band (e.g., covering 5.15GHz to 5.85GHz) and/or a higher antenna gain (e.g., greater than 10dB).
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of Figure 3(a) with dimension markings.
  • the first antenna 2 includes not only a main radiating element (denoted as the first main radiating element 21) but also at least one auxiliary radiating element (denoted as the first auxiliary radiating element 22).
  • Each of the at least one first auxiliary radiating element 22 is parallel to and connected to the first main radiating element 21.
  • the length of the transverse line connecting each first auxiliary radiating element 22 to the first main radiating element 21 satisfies that the currents transmitted on the first auxiliary radiating element 22 and the first main radiating element 21 are in the same direction, ensuring that the first main radiating element 21 and the first auxiliary radiating element 22 radiate electromagnetic waves in the same direction.
  • the transverse line can be a straight line or a curve. The figure shows an example with a straight line.
  • two symmetrical first auxiliary radiating units 22 can be arranged to the left and right of the first main radiating unit 21.
  • the left and right sides of the first main radiating unit 21 are left and right along the width direction of the dielectric substrate 1.
  • the two first auxiliary radiating units 22 are symmetrically distributed, as shown in Figure 3(a), and the axis of symmetry of these two first auxiliary radiating units 22 is the vertical centerline of the dielectric substrate 1 along the z-axis.
  • the axis of symmetry of the two first auxiliary radiating units 22 located on the left and right sides of the first main radiating unit 21 is the vertical centerline of the first main radiating unit 21.
  • first auxiliary radiating elements 22 can be arranged on the left and right sides of the first main radiating element 21, with each pair of first auxiliary radiating elements 22 symmetrically distributed about the vertical centerline of the dielectric substrate 1.
  • two pairs of first auxiliary radiating elements 22 are arranged, wherein one pair of symmetrically distributed first auxiliary radiating elements 22 is mainly used to improve the antenna performance in the high-frequency band (e.g., 5.15 GHz to 5.85 GHz), and the other pair of symmetrically distributed first auxiliary radiating elements 22 is mainly used to improve the antenna performance in the low-frequency band (e.g., 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz).
  • first auxiliary radiation units 22 in each pair of first auxiliary radiation units 22 can also be asymmetrically distributed.
  • the first auxiliary radiating unit 22 needs to have a horizontal portion and a vertical portion.
  • the vertical portion is used to be parallel to the first main radiating unit 21, and the horizontal portion is used to connect to the first main radiating unit 21.
  • the horizontal portion of the first auxiliary radiating unit 22 can be a straight line, a curve, a bend, an oblique line, or a horizontal line. To save layout space, the horizontal portion of the first auxiliary radiating unit 22 is a horizontal straight line.
  • the vertical portion of the first auxiliary radiating unit 22 can be a straight line, an oblique line, a curve, or a bend, as long as it has a vertical component parallel to the first main radiating unit 21.
  • the vertical portion of the first auxiliary radiating unit 22 is a vertical straight line.
  • the first auxiliary radiation unit 22 can be L-shaped.
  • the first auxiliary radiation unit 22 includes a horizontal part and a vertical part.
  • the horizontal part of the first auxiliary radiation unit 22 is connected to the first main radiation unit 21, and the vertical part of the first auxiliary radiation unit 22 points to the middle of the dielectric plate 1.
  • the vertical portion of the first auxiliary radiation unit 22 points to the middle of the dielectric plate 1 in order to avoid increasing the length of the dielectric plate 1. This is because if the vertical portion of the first auxiliary radiation unit 22 points to the first end of the dielectric plate 1, then the length of the dielectric plate 1 would need to be increased.
  • the length L3 of one pair of first auxiliary radiating elements 22 ranges from 8.5 mm to 9.5 mm, and the length L4 of the other pair of first auxiliary radiating elements 22 ranges from 3 mm to 4 mm.
  • Simulation verification shows that when L3 is 9 mm and L4 is 3.5 mm, the antenna performance of this antenna assembly is good.
  • the linewidth (i.e., the dimension along the width direction of the dielectric substrate 1) of the first main radiating element 21 is greater than the linewidth (i.e., the dimension along the width direction of the dielectric substrate 1) of the first auxiliary radiating element 22.
  • the linewidth W4 of the two pairs of first auxiliary radiating elements 22 is equal, and the value of W4 can range from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm. Simulation verification shows that when W4 is 1 mm, the antenna performance of this antenna assembly is good.
  • the length of the lateral connection between each first auxiliary radiation unit 22 and the first main radiation unit 21 is such that the currents transmitted on the first auxiliary radiation unit 22 and the first main radiation unit 21 are in the same direction, thus radiating electromagnetic waves in the same direction.
  • the length of the lateral connection between the first auxiliary radiation unit 22 and the first main radiation unit 21 is also the length of the lateral portion of the first auxiliary radiation unit 22.
  • the phase difference between the current transmitted on the first auxiliary radiation unit 22 and the current transmitted on the first main radiation unit 21 is mainly related to the length of the transverse portion of the first auxiliary radiation unit 22.
  • the current transmitted on the first auxiliary radiation unit 22 can be made to be in the same direction as the current transmitted on the first main radiation unit 21, thereby making the electromagnetic waves radiated by the first auxiliary radiation unit 22 and the electromagnetic waves radiated by the first main radiation unit 21 in the same direction.
  • the superposition of the two electromagnetic waves results in an increased amplitude.
  • the sum of the lateral portions of a pair of first auxiliary radiating elements 22 is the difference between W1 and W3. If the vertical centerline of the dielectric substrate 1 coincides with the vertical centerline of the first main radiating element 21, then the lateral portion of the first auxiliary radiating element 22 is (W1-W3)/2.
  • the values of the lateral portions of the two first auxiliary radiating elements 22 can be adjusted based on the arrangement of other structural components on the surface of the dielectric substrate 1 (such as the arrangement of the dipole antenna and the feed network on the surface of the dielectric substrate 1) and the same-direction superposition effect in the simulation.
  • W1 is the width of the medium board 1, such as 12mm.
  • the width of the medium board 1, as shown in Figure 1 is related to the distance between the inner wall of the housing 100 and the side of the motherboard 200 in the network device.
  • the width of the medium board 1 is less than or equal to the distance between the inner wall of the housing 100 and the side of the motherboard 200.
  • the width (i.e., linewidth) of the lateral portion of the first auxiliary radiating element 22 can be equal to or unequal to the width (i.e., linewidth) of the vertical portion.
  • the lateral portion of both pairs of first auxiliary radiating elements 22 is W2, and the value of W2 can range from 2mm to 3mm. Simulation verification shows that when W2 is 1.5mm, the antenna performance of this antenna assembly is good.
  • the above describes the features of the first antenna 2, which includes a main radiating element and multiple auxiliary radiating elements.
  • the second antenna 3 may also include a main radiating element (denoted as the second main radiating element 31) and at least one auxiliary radiating element (denoted as the second auxiliary radiating element 32).
  • the second antenna 3 may also include only the second main radiating element 31, without including the second auxiliary radiating element 32.
  • the second antenna 3 includes not only the second main radiation unit 31, but also multiple second auxiliary radiation units 32.
  • the second auxiliary radiation unit 32 please refer to the above description of the first auxiliary radiation unit 22.
  • the relationship between the second auxiliary radiation unit 32 and the second main radiation unit 31 please refer to the above description of the relationship between the first auxiliary radiation unit 22 and the first main radiation unit 21. They will not be described in detail here.
  • the size of the second auxiliary radiating element 32 is equal to the size of the first auxiliary radiating element 22, and the size of the first main radiating element 21 is equal to the size of the second main radiating element 31.
  • the size of the second auxiliary radiating element 32 may or may not be equal to the size of the first auxiliary radiating element 22, and the size of the first main radiating element 21 may or may not be equal to the size of the second main radiating element 31.
  • the number of dipole antennas is related to the available space of dielectric substrate 1, allowing for the arrangement of as many dipole antennas as possible without increasing the size of dielectric substrate 1.
  • the following examples, shown in Figure 3, illustrate two dipole antennas: a first dipole antenna and a second dipole antenna.
  • the first dipole antenna comprises two symmetrically distributed radiating elements, denoted as first radiating element 6a and second radiating element 6b, respectively.
  • the axis of symmetry between the first radiating element 6a and the second radiating element 6b is along the width direction of the dielectric substrate 1.
  • the second dipole antenna comprises two symmetrically distributed radiating elements, denoted as third radiating element 6c and fourth radiating element 6d, respectively.
  • the axis of symmetry between the third radiating element 6c and the fourth radiating element 6d is along the width direction of the dielectric substrate 1.
  • the current on the dipole antenna can be either coupled from the first antenna 2 or coupled from the second antenna 3. Therefore, the feed network of the antenna assembly does not need to be fed by the dipole antenna, simplifying the arrangement of the antenna assembly.
  • the first radiating element 6a and the second radiating element 6b can be arranged on the same surface of the dielectric plate 1, for example, both on the first surface or both on the second surface.
  • first radiating element 6a and the second radiating element 6b can be arranged on different surfaces of the dielectric plate 1, for example, one on the first surface and the other on the second surface.
  • a dipole antenna in radiating electromagnetic waves, its two radiating elements are electrically connected as follows: one radiating element is connected to the signal line of the feed line, and the other radiating element is connected to the ground line of the feed line.
  • the first antenna 2 and the first ground plane 4 are located on opposite surfaces of the dielectric substrate 1, and the second antenna 3 and the second ground plane 5 are also located on opposite surfaces of the dielectric substrate 1. Therefore, to facilitate energy coupling from the first antenna 2 or the second antenna 3 to the two radiating elements of the dipole antenna, correspondingly, for each dipole antenna, one radiating element can be arranged on the first surface of the dielectric substrate 1, and the other radiating element can be arranged on the second surface of the dielectric substrate 1.
  • the first radiating element 6a of the first dipole antenna is located on the first surface of the dielectric substrate 1
  • the second radiating element 6b of the first dipole antenna is located on the second surface of the dielectric substrate 1.
  • the first radiating element 6a of the first dipole antenna and the first signal line 71 of the first feed line 7 can be connected by a metal wire. Connecting by a metal wire can improve the coupling degree, and the connection position can be determined by simulation.
  • the second radiating element 6b of the first dipole antenna and the first ground line 72 of the first feed line 7 can also be connected by a metal wire.
  • the length L5 of the first radiating element 6a ranges from 9.5mm to 10.5mm
  • the length L8 of the second radiating element 6b ranges from 8.5mm to 9.5mm
  • the linewidth of the first radiating element 6a is equal to that of the second radiating element 6b, denoted as W5, and W5 ranges from 1.5mm to 2.5mm.
  • Simulation verification shows that when L5 is 10mm, L8 is 9mm, and W5 is 2mm, the antenna performance of this antenna assembly is good.
  • the third radiating unit 6c has the same structure and size as the first radiating unit 6a, so the length of the third radiating unit 6c can be referenced to the length of the first radiating unit 6a.
  • the fourth radiating unit 6d has the same structure and size as the second radiating unit 6b, so the length of the fourth radiating unit 6d can be referenced to the length of the second radiating unit 6b, which will not be elaborated further.
  • the linewidth W8 of the metal wire can range from 0.5 mm to 1 mm. Simulation verification shows that when W8 is 0.5 mm, the antenna performance of this antenna assembly is good.
  • the linewidth of the metal wire is the dimension along the width direction of the dielectric substrate 1.
  • the number of dipole antennas can be multiple.
  • multiple dipole antennas are arranged on the same side of the vertical centerline along the length direction of the dielectric substrate 1.
  • two dipole antennas are arranged on the first side of the vertical centerline of the dielectric substrate 1, which is also the side of the dielectric substrate 1 in the negative y-axis direction.
  • the coordinate system, as shown in Figure 1 is with the vertical centerline of the dielectric substrate 1 as the z-axis, the bottom surface as the xoy plane, the thickness direction as the x-axis, and the width direction as the y-axis.
  • the second side is the side of the medium plate 1 in the positive direction of the y-axis.
  • a feeding network can be arranged on the second side of the vertical centerline of dielectric substrate 1.
  • the feeding network includes a first feed line 7 and a second feed line 8, wherein the first feed line 7 is used to feed the first antenna 2, and the second feed line 8 is used to feed the second antenna 3.
  • the first feed line 7 and the second feed line 8 are both located on the same side of the vertical centerline along the length direction of dielectric substrate 1, i.e., both are on the second side of the vertical centerline of dielectric substrate 1.
  • the first feeder 7 and the second feeder 8 are both double-wire feeders, including signal lines and ground lines.
  • the signal line of the first feeder 7 is denoted as the first signal line 71 and the ground line is denoted as the first ground line 72.
  • the signal line of the second feeder 8 is denoted as the second signal line 81 and the ground line is denoted as the second ground line 82.
  • the first signal line 71 of the first feed line 7 is located on the first surface of the dielectric substrate 1 and is connected to the first antenna 2; the first ground line 72 of the first feed line 7 is located on the second surface of the dielectric substrate 1 and is connected to the first ground plane 4; the second signal line 81 of the second feed line 8 is located on the second surface of the dielectric substrate 1 and is connected to the second antenna 3; and the second ground line 82 of the second feed line 8 is located on the first surface of the dielectric substrate 1 and is connected to the second ground plane 5.
  • the first signal line 71 and the first ground line 72 of the first feeder 7 are parallel to each other, and the second signal line 81 and the second ground line 82 of the second feeder 8 are parallel to each other.
  • the first signal line 71 and the first ground line 72 form a closed loop
  • the second signal line 81 and the second ground line 82 form a closed loop. Therefore, the first signal line 71 and the second signal line 81 are used only as signal transmission lines and do not radiate electromagnetic waves.
  • the first signal line 71 of the first feed line 7 and the second ground line 82 of the second feed line 8 are symmetrically distributed on the first surface of the dielectric substrate 1, and the first ground line 72 of the first feed line 7 and the second signal line 81 of the second feed line 8 are symmetrically distributed on the second surface of the dielectric substrate 1. Since the first signal line 71 and the first ground line 72 are arranged in parallel and have equal lengths, and the second signal line 81 and the second ground line 82 are arranged in parallel and have equal lengths, the electrical length of the first signal line 71 of the first feed line 7 is equal to the electrical length of the second signal line 81 of the second feed line 8.
  • the electromagnetic waves radiated by the first main radiating element 21 and the second main radiating element 31 interfere with each other constructively, thereby widening the operating frequency band and/or increasing the gain, thus improving the performance of the antenna assembly.
  • the first feed line 7 and the second feed line 8 are arranged in a bent state on the surface of the dielectric substrate 1.
  • the first signal line 71 and the second ground line 82 are arranged in a bent state on the first surface of the dielectric substrate 1
  • the second signal line 81 and the first ground line 72 are arranged in a bent state on the second surface of the dielectric substrate 1.
  • the bending shape can be square waveform. Of course, it can also be wavy, sawtooth, etc. This embodiment does not limit the bending shape; a square waveform is used as an example.
  • the linewidths of the first signal line 71, the first ground line 72, the second signal line 81, and the second ground line 82 can all be equal. Because the first feed line 7 and the second feed line 8 are arranged in a bent configuration, as shown in Figure 4, the width W6 of the first signal line 71, the second signal line 81, the first ground line 72, and the second ground line 82 along the width direction of the dielectric substrate 1 ranges from 1mm to 2mm, and the width W7 of the first signal line 71, the second signal line 81, the first ground line 72, and the second ground line 82 along the length direction of the dielectric substrate 1 ranges from 0.5mm to 1mm. Simulation verification shows that when W6 is 1.5mm and W7 is 0.9mm, the antenna performance of this antenna assembly is good.
  • the length L6 along the length direction of the dielectric substrate 1 ranges from 2mm to 3mm, and the length L10 ranges from 1.5mm to 2.5mm. Simulation verification shows that when L6 is 2.8mm and L10 is 2mm, the antenna performance of this antenna assembly is good.
  • the feed point of the feed network can be located in the middle of the dielectric substrate 1.
  • This feed point is connected to an external radio frequency circuit and can also be referred to as the feed port or feed interface of the antenna assembly.
  • the dimension L11 of the feed point along the length of the dielectric substrate 1 can range from 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm
  • the dimension L7 of the feed point along the length of the dielectric substrate 1 can range from 9 mm to 10 mm. Simulation results show that with L11 of 3 mm and L7 of 9.8 mm, the antenna performance of this antenna assembly is good.
  • the length of the first grounding plate 4 along the length direction of the medium plate 1 is equal to the length of the second grounding plate 5 along the length direction of the medium plate 1, denoted as L9.
  • the value of L9 can be from 10.5mm to 11.5mm.
  • the width of the first grounding plate 4 along the width direction of the medium plate 1 is equal to the width of the second grounding plate 5 along the width direction of the medium plate 1, both being equal to the width W1 of the medium plate 1.
  • the length L1 of the medium board 1 is 102 mm.
  • the length L1 of the medium board 1 is related to the height of the network device. For example, referring to Figure 1, the length of the medium board 1 is close to the height of the network device on the z-axis.
  • the simulation results will include the antenna pattern. To facilitate understanding, the following terms will be explained.
  • a radiation pattern also known as a lobe pattern due to its petal-like shape, is a three-dimensional quantity describing a field or power as a function of three-dimensional spherical coordinates ⁇ and ⁇ .
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of three-dimensional spherical coordinates. Referring to Figure 5, ⁇ is the angle, viewed from the positive z-axis, rotated counterclockwise from the x-axis to the projection line.
  • the projection line is the line connecting the projection P' of point P in space onto the xoy plane (i.e., the horizontal plane) and the origin O.
  • Figure 6 illustrates the relationship between return loss and frequency for an antenna assembly in the high-frequency band.
  • the return loss characterizes the impedance matching between the antenna assembly and the feed network; lower return loss indicates better impedance matching.
  • the frequency band corresponding to a return loss less than -10dB is considered the operating frequency band of the antenna assembly.
  • the high-frequency operating band of the antenna assembly is 5.09GHz to 5.97GHz.
  • Figures 7 to 9 show the horizontal radiation patterns of the antenna assembly at 5.2 GHz, 5.5 GHz, and 5.8 GHz, respectively.
  • Figures 10 to 12 show the vertical radiation patterns of the antenna assembly at the same frequency points. From Figures 7 to 9, we can see the horizontal gain curves of the antenna assembly within the bandwidth. The peak gain is greater than 7 dBi, and the angle with a gain greater than 4 dBi is greater than 200°. The minimum gain is greater than -3 dBi. From Figures 10 to 12, we can see that the sidelobe levels of the antenna in the vertical plane within the bandwidth are low, all less than -1 dBi.
  • Figure 13 shows the relationship between return loss and frequency of the antenna assembly in the low-frequency band.
  • the antenna assembly also has good horizontal quasi-omnidirectional radiation characteristics in the low-frequency band of 2.4GHz to 2.5GHz.
  • this antenna assembly achieves high-gain radiation in a small size.
  • the antenna assembly achieves a maximum gain greater than 7dBi in the high-frequency band (5.15GHz to 5.85GHz).
  • This antenna assembly also features low-clearance quasi-omnidirectional radiation. For instance, with a 10mm clearance, it ensures a minimum horizontal gain greater than -3dBi in the high-frequency band (5.15GHz to 5.85GHz) and a minimum gain greater than -5dBi in the low-frequency band (2.4GHz to 2.5GHz), achieving quasi-omnidirectional radiation.
  • the clearance is, as shown in Figure 1, the spatial distance between the antenna assembly 300 and the motherboard 200.
  • the antenna assembly firstly utilizes the arrangement of the first antenna 2 and the second antenna 3.
  • the first antenna 2 and the second antenna 3 include not only main radiating elements but also auxiliary radiating elements, with the currents transmitted in the main and auxiliary radiating elements in the same direction.
  • the antenna assembly includes a dipole antenna, resulting in a large number of radiating elements.
  • the first antenna has a main radiating element and at least one auxiliary radiating element
  • the second antenna has a main radiating element and at least one auxiliary radiating element
  • the at least one dipole antenna are all radiating elements that radiate electromagnetic waves outwards.
  • the large number of radiating elements compresses the bandwidth of the antenna assembly in the vertical plane, thereby improving the gain of the antenna assembly in the horizontal plane.
  • the vertical plane also called the E-plane
  • the horizontal plane also called the H-plane
  • ⁇ 90 degrees in Figure 5
  • the joint radiation of electromagnetic waves by the first and second antennas increases the number of radiating elements compared to the radiation of electromagnetic waves by a single antenna. Therefore, in application, by controlling the current transmitted on the first and second antennas to be in the same direction, the first and second antennas can radiate electromagnetic waves in the same direction, thereby increasing the gain of the antenna assembly and/or widening its operating frequency band, thus ensuring or improving the communication quality of network devices within a smaller size.
  • This embodiment also provides a network device, which includes a radio frequency (RF) circuit and the aforementioned antenna assembly.
  • the RF circuit enables the antenna assembly to transmit and receive wireless signals.
  • the RF circuit can be arranged on the motherboard 200 of the network device as shown in Figure 1.
  • the substrate of the motherboard 200 can be FR4, with a relative permittivity of 4.4, a loss tangent of 0.02, and a thickness of 1.6 mm.
  • Both the upper and lower surfaces of the motherboard 200 are copper-clad, with a copper thickness of 0.017 mm. This embodiment does not specifically limit the motherboard of the network device.

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Abstract

本公开提供了一种天线组件和网络设备，属于天线技术领域。天线组件包括介质板、第一天线、第二天线、第一接地板和第二接地板；第一天线位于介质板的第一表面，且靠近介质板的第一端，第一接地板位于介质板的第二表面，且靠近介质板的第一端；第二天线位于介质板的第二表面，且靠近介质板的第二端，第二接地板位于介质板的第一表面，且靠近介质板的第二端。通过第一天线和第二天线共同辐射电磁波，增多了辐射单元的数量。在应用中，通过控制第一天线和第二天线上传输的电流同向，使第一天线和第二天线向外辐射的电磁波同向，实现增大天线组件的增益和/或拓宽天线组件的工作频段，从而能提升网络设备的通信质量。

Description

天线组件和网络设备
本公开要求于2024年06月25日提交的申请号为202421458171.4、实用新型名称为“天线组件和网络设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。
技术领域
本公开涉及天线技术领域，特别涉及一种天线组件和网络设备。
背景技术
光纤入房间(fiber to the room，FTTR)是一种在光纤入楼(fiber to the building，FTTB)和光纤入户(fiber to the home，FTTH)的基础上，将光纤进一步延伸至每一个房间或办公室，让每一个房间或办公室都达到千兆甚至万兆的光纤网速，而实现全屋千兆及以上全覆盖的新型组网方案，那么采取FTTR的组网方案，需要在每个房间或办公室布置网络设备如网关。
而随着家庭用设备朝向小而美的方向逐步演进，网络设备也向着超薄化和小尺寸化的方向发展，在网络设备小型化的基础上，如何确保或提升网络设备的无线通信质量是本领域的技术人员亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
本公开提供了一种天线组件和网络设备，能够提升天线组件的通信质量。
第一方面，本公开提供了一种天线组件，所述天线组件包括介质板、第一天线、第二天线、第一接地板和第二接地板；
所述第一天线位于所述介质板的第一表面，且靠近所述介质板的沿着长度方向的第一端，所述第一接地板位于所述介质板的第二表面，且靠近所述介质板的沿着长度方向的第一端；
所述第二天线位于所述介质板的第二表面，且靠近所述介质板的沿着长度方向的第二端，所述第二接地板位于所述介质板的第一表面，且靠近所述介质板的沿着长度方向的第二端。
在本公开所示的方案中，这种通过第一天线和第二天线共同辐射电磁波，与单个天线辐射电磁波相比，增多了辐射单元的数量。那么，在应用中，通过控制第一天线和第二天线上传输的电流同向，便能使第一天线和第二天线向外辐射同向电磁波，进而能实现增大天线组件的增益和/或拓宽天线组件的工作频段，从而实现在较小尺寸下确保或提升网络设备的通信质量。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在沿着所述介质板的长度方向上，所述第一天线的全部或部分，在所述第一接地板和所述介质板的第一端之间，所述第二天线的全部或部分，在所述第二接地板和所述介质板的第二端之间。
在本公开所示的方案中，在沿着介质板的长度方向上，第一天线的全部或部分，在第一接地板和介质板的第一端之间，是为了实现在介质板的长度方向上，第一天线的全部或部分，与第一接地板位置错开。这是因为，如果第一天线的背面全部对应第一接地板，那么，馈入第一天线的激励信号，便会经由第一接地板流回大地，那么，第一天线便无法向外辐射电磁波。
同样，在沿着介质板的长度方向上，第二天线的全部或部分，在第二接地线和介质板的第二端之间，是为了实现在介质板的长度方向上，第二天线的全部或部分，与第二接地板位置错开。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一天线和/或所述第二天线包括主辐射单元和至少一个辅助辐射单元，所述至少一个辅助辐射单元均与所述主辐射单元平行且连接；
每个辅助辐射单元与所述主辐射单元之间的连线的长度，满足所述辅助辐射单元与所述主辐射单元辐射同向电磁波。
在本公开所示的方案中，辅助辐射单元用于耦合主辐射单元上的激励电流，如果辅助辐射单元上耦合的电流，与主辐射单元上的电流的方向相同，那么，辅助辐射单元辐射的电磁波，与主辐射单元辐射的电磁波叠加后表现出增强现象，从而进一步增大增益和/或拓宽频段。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述主辐射单元的形状呈条状，所述主辐射单元的长度方向与所述介质板的长度方向平行，所述辅助辐射单元的形状呈L型，所述辅助辐射单元的横向部分与所述主辐射单元连接，竖向部分指向所述介质板的中部。
在本公开所示的方案中，因辅助辐射单元要包括平行于主辐射单元的部分，也要包括与主辐射单元连接的部分，那么，辅助辐射单元需要具有横向部分和竖向部分，竖向部分用来与主辐射单元平行，横向部分用来与主辐射单元连接，其中，辅助辐射单元的横向部分可以是直线，也可以是曲线，也可以是弯折线，还可以是斜线，还可以是水平线，为了节省布置空间，那么，辅助辐射单元的横向部分为水平直线。同样，辅助辐射单元的竖向部分可以是直线，也可以是斜线，还可以曲线，还可以是弯折线，只要确保具有与主辐射单元平行的竖直分量即可，为了节省布置空间，那么，辅助辐射单元的竖向部分为竖直直线。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第二天线在所述介质板第一表面上的投影，与所述第一天线对称分布。
在本公开所示的方案中，因介质板的尺寸有限，那么，第一天线的靠近介质板第一端的部分，尽可能延伸至介质板的第一端，第二天线的靠近介质板第二端的部分，尽可能延伸至介质板的第二端，在这种情况下，第二天线在介质板第一表面上的投影，与第一天线对称分布，那么，第一对称轴即是介质板的横向中心线。这样可以将介质板的布置位置发挥到极致，而介质板的尺寸与在网络设备中所布置的空间相关。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述天线组件还包括至少一个偶极子天线，所述偶极子天线的两个辐射单元均位于所述介质板的表面，且所述两个辐射单元的长度方向均与所述介质板的长度方向平行。
在本公开所示的方案中，每一个偶极子天线又作为一个向外辐射电磁波的天线，这种通过第一天线、第二天线和至少一个偶极子天线共同辐射电磁波，与单个天线辐射电磁波相比，增多了辐射单元的数量，那么，在应用中，控制第一天线、第二天线和至少一个偶极子天线上传输的电流同向，从而实现第一天线、第二天线和至少一个偶极子天线，辐射同向的电磁波，便能实现在工作频段基本不变的情况下，增大天线组件的增益，或者，在天线组件的增益基本不变的情况下，拓宽天线组件的工作频段，无论哪种调整，都能提升网络设备的通信质量。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述偶极子天线的两个辐射单元中，一个辐射单元位于所述介质板的第一表面，另一个辐射单元位于所述介质板的第二表面。
在本公开所示的方案中，因偶极子天线在辐射电磁波中，其两个辐射单元在电连接关系上，一个辐射单元与馈线的信号线连接，另一个辐射单元与馈线的接地线连接，而第一天线与第一接地板位于介质板的异面，第二天线与第二接地板也是位于介质板的异面。所以，为了方便偶极子天线的两个辐射单元从第一天线上耦合能量，或者从第二天线上耦合能量，相应的，对于每个偶极子天线，其一个辐射单元可以布置在介质板的第一表面，另一个辐射单元可以布置在介质板的第二表面。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述偶极子天线的数量为多个，多个所述偶极子天线均布置在所述介质板的沿着长度方向的竖向中心线的同一侧。
在本公开所示的方案中，多个所述偶极子天线均布置在所述介质板的沿着长度方向的竖向中心线的同一侧，那么，介质板的另一侧还有空间来布置其他结构件如馈电网络，使馈电网络也集成在天线组件中。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述天线组件还包括第一馈线和第二馈线，所述第一馈线和所述第二馈线均包括信号线和接地线；
所述第一馈线的信号线位于所述介质板的第一表面，且与所述第一天线连接，所述第一馈线的接地线位于所述介质板的第二表面，且与所述第一接地板连接；
所述第二馈线的信号线位于所述介质板的第二表面，且与所述第二天线连接，所述第二馈线的接地线位于所述介质板的第一表面，且与所述第二接地板连接。
在本公开所示的方案中，天线组件还集成有用于向第一天线馈电的第一馈线，以及向第二天线馈电的第二馈线，从而提升天线组件的集成程度。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一馈线的信号线与接地线平行布置，所述第二馈线的信号线与接地线平行布置。
在本公开所示的方案中，第一馈线的第一信号线和第一接地线互为平行，第二馈线的第二信号线与第二接地线互为平行。这样，第一信号线与第一接地线形成闭合回路，第二信号线与第二接地线形成闭合回路，从而，第一信号线和第二信号线仅仅作为信号传输线使用，不会向外辐射电磁波。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一馈线的信号线与所述第二馈线的接地线在所述介质板的第一表面上对称分布，所述第一馈线的接地线与所述第二馈线的信号线在所述介质板的第二表面上对称分布。
在本公开所示的方案中，因第一信号线与第一接地线平行布置，且长度相等，第二信号线与第二接地板平行布置，且长度相当，那么，第一馈线的第一信号线的电长度，与第二馈线的第二信号线的电长度相等，从而实现第一天线的第一主辐射单元馈入的激励信号，与第二天线的第二主辐射单元馈入的激励信号同相位时，第一主辐射单元上传输的电流与第二主辐射单元上传输的电流同向，从而实现同向辐射。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一馈线的信号线的电长度与所述第二馈线的信号线的电长度相等，且满足所述第一天线和所述第二天线辐射同向电磁波。
在本公开所示的方案中，第一馈线的第一信号线的电长度，与第二馈线的第二信号线的电长度相等，从而实现第一天线的第一主辐射单元馈入的激励信号，与第二天线的第二主辐射单元馈入的激励信号同相位时，第一主辐射单元上传输的电流与第二主辐射单元上传输的电流同向，从而实现同向辐射。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一馈线和所述第二馈线均布置在所述介质板的沿着长度方向的竖向中心线的同一侧。
在本公开所示的方案中，所述第一馈线和所述第二馈线均布置在所述介质板的沿着长度方向的竖向中心线的同一侧，那么，介质板的对侧便能用来布置其他结构件，如布置至少一个偶极子天线，从而提升天线组件的集成程度。
第二方面，提供了一种网络设备，所述网络设备包括射频电路和第一方面所述的天线组件，所述射频电路用于使所述天线组件收发无线信号。
附图说明
图1是本公开一个示例性实施例提供的网络设备的结构示意图；
图2是本公开一个示例性实施例提供的天线组件的爆炸结构示意图；
图3是本公开一个示例性实施例提供的天线组件的平面结构示意图；
图4是对图3中的(a)进行尺寸标记的示意图；
图5是本公开一个示例性实施例提供的一种三维球坐标示意图；
图6是本公开一个示例性实施例提供的天线组件在高频段内的回波损耗与频率的关系示意图；
图7是本公开一个示例性实施例提供的天线组件在5.2GHz频点下的水平面辐射方向图；
图8是本公开一个示例性实施例提供的天线组件在5.5GHz频点下的水平面辐射方向图；
图9是本公开一个示例性实施例提供的天线组件在5.8GHz频点下的水平面辐射方向图；
图10是本公开一个示例性实施例提供的天线组件在5.2GHz频点下的垂直面辐射方向图；
图11是本公开一个示例性实施例提供的天线组件在5.5GHz频点下的垂直面辐射方向图；
图12是本公开一个示例性实施例提供的天线组件在5.8GHz频点下的垂直面辐射方向图；
图13是本公开一个示例性实施例提供的天线组件在低频段内的回波损耗与频率的关系示意图。
附图标记说明
100、壳体；200、主板；300、天线组件；1、介质板；2、第一天线；21、第一主辐射单元；22、第
一辅助辐射单元；3、第二天线；31、第二主辐射单元；32、第二辅助辐射单元；4、第一接地板；5、第二接地板；6a、第一辐射单元；6b、第二辐射单元；6c、第三辐射单元；6d、第四辐射单元；7、第一馈线；71、第一信号线；72、第一接地线；8、第二馈线；81、第二信号线；82、第二接地线。
具体实施方式
为使本公开的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本公开实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
本实施例涉及到一种网络设备内的天线组件，网络设备可以是FTTR组网方式中布置在房间内的网关，如主网关或从网关，网络设备也可以是无源光网络(passive optical network，PON)光纤接入技术中的设备，如光网络终端(optical network terminal，ONT)，网络设备还可以是无线局域网(wireless local area network，WLAN)设备，如访问点(access point，AP)，网络设备还可以是其他应用无线天线技术的设备。
随着家庭用设备朝向小而美的方向逐步演进，网络设备也向着超薄化和小尺寸化的方向发展。但是网络设备的厚度越薄，尺寸越小，预留出来布置天线的空间也越小，而天线的性能，如全向性、覆盖的频段和天线增益等性能，与天线的辐射单元相关，尤其是与辐射单元的数量相关，那么，对于超薄化和小尺寸的网络设备，如何确保其通信质量，或者，如何进一步提升通信质量，这在本领域中面临着较大挑战。
例如，如图1所示，为网络设备的结构示意图，图1仅示出了网络设备的壳体100、主板200和天线组件300，参考图1所示，壳体100内的大部分空间由主板200占据，仅在主板200的一侧与壳体100内壁之间预留出狭长的空间用来布置天线组件300，所以，如何在小空间内布置出高性能的天线组件，在本领域中面临着较大挑战。
本实施例提供了一种天线组件，该天线组件能够在较小尺寸下布置较多的辐射单元，再借助向多个辐射单元上传输的信号同向，便能实现增大天线组件的增益或者拓宽天线组件的频段。
其中，本实施例提供的天线组件具体可以应用在任意尺寸比较小的网络设备中，或者应用在尺寸虽然比较大，但是预留的用于布置天线的空间比较小的网络设备中。为便于介绍，以天线组件应用在如图1所示的网络设备中示例。
其中，本实施例提供的天线组件可以是全向天线，也可以是定向天线，主要与网络设备的应用场景有关。例如，如果应用在近距离，大覆盖范围场景中，那么天线组件可以为全向天线，如果应用在覆盖范围小，用户密度大的环境中，那么天线组件可以为定向天线。
其中，本实施例提供的天线组件可以是发射天线，也可以是接收天线，还可以既能发射信号又能接收信号的双向天线。
其中，本实施例提供的天线组件，可以是单频天线，也可以是多频天线，其工作频段可以是5.15GHz至5.85GHz，也可以是2.4GHz至2.5GHz，还可以是，工作频段包括高频段(如5.15GHz至5.85GHz)和低频段(如2.4GHz至2.5GHz)。
其中，本实施例对天线组件的类型不做限定，下面将介绍天线组件的特征。
如图2是天线组件的爆炸示意图，如图3所示为天线组件的平面结构示意图，其中，图3中的(a)是图2中介质板1的第一表面(如正面)可视的示意图，图3中的(b)是图2中介质板1的第二表面(如背面)可视的示意图。
参考图2所示，天线组件包括介质板1、第一天线2和第一接地板4，介质板1呈板状(以长条形的板状示例)，第一天线2位于介质板1的第一表面，且靠近介质板1的沿着长度方向的第一端，第一接地板4位于介质板1的第二表面，且靠近介质板1的第一端。
其中，介质板1的第一表面和第二表面在沿着介质板1的厚度方向位置相对，如第一表面可以记为介质板1的正面，第二表面则为介质板1的背面(也称反面)。
在一种示例中，介质板1也可以称为基板，其材质可以是FR4(FR4是一种耐燃材料等级的代号)，介质板1的相对介电常数为4.4，损耗角正切为0.0025，厚度为1.6mm。当然，介质板1的相对介电常数、损耗角正切和厚度也可以选择其他数值，本实施例对此并不做具体限定。
这样，向第一天线2馈入信号的馈线与第一天线2连接，第一接地板4接地，而形成一个向外辐射电磁波的天线。
继续参考图2所示，天线组件还包括第二天线3和第二接地板5，第二天线3位于介质板1的第二表面，且靠近介质板1的沿着长度方向的第二端，第二接地板5位于介质板1的第一表面，且靠近介质板1的第二端。
这样，向第二天线3馈入信号的馈线与第二天线3连接，第二接地板5接地，而形成一个向外辐射电磁波的天线。
这种通过第一天线2和第二天线3共同辐射电磁波，与单个天线辐射电磁波相比，增多了辐射单元的数量。那么，在应用中，可以通过控制第一天线2和第二天线3馈入的激励信号的矢量方向相同(也即是同向)，便能实现在工作频段基本不变的情况下，增大天线组件的增益，或者，在天线组件的增益基本不变的情况下，拓宽天线组件的工作频段，无论哪种调整，都能提升网络设备的通信质量。
在应用中，可以通过调整第一天线2的馈电点和第一天线2之间的电长度，与第二天线3的馈电点和第二天线3之间的电长度之间的关系，来调整馈入第一天线2的激励信号与馈入第二天线3的激励信号之间的相位关系，如电长度相等，实现馈入电流的方向相同，下文在引出馈线以后会详细介绍尺寸关系。
其中，电长度是指微带传输线的物理长度与所传输电磁波波长之比，电长度的概念在电磁波传播中非常重要，它直接影响着信号的传播速度、相位变化以及传输线的阻抗匹配等特性，所以，本实施例中涉及到的会影响相位和阻抗匹配等特征的尺寸，在无特殊指明的情况下，均是电长度。
在一种示例中，如上所述，第一天线2和第一接地板4中一个在介质板1的正面，另一个在介质板1的背面，但两者均靠近介质板1的第一端，第二天线3和第二接地板5中一个在介质板1的正面，另一个在介质板1的背面，但两者均靠近介质板1的第二端，这么布置，能够方便向第一天线2和第二天线3馈电。例如，包括信号线和接地线的双线馈线，延伸至介质板1的第一端附近，该双线馈线的信号线与第一天线2电连接，该双线馈线的接地线与第一接地板4电连接即可。另一双线馈线，延伸至介质板1的第二端附近，该双线馈线的信号线与第二天线3电连接，该双线馈线的接地线与第二接地板5电连接即可。
在一种示例中，如上所述，第一天线2和第一接地板4均靠近介质板1的第一端，例如，参考图3中的(a)和图3中的(b)所示，在沿着介质板1的长度方向上，第一天线2的全部或部分，在第一接地板4和介质板1的第一端之间。
其中，在沿着介质板1的长度方向上，第一天线2的全部或部分，在第一接地板4和介质板1的第一端之间，是为了实现在介质板1的长度方向上，第一天线2的全部或部分，与第一接地板4位置错开。这是因为，如果第一天线2的背面全部对应第一接地板4，那么，馈入第一天线2的激励信号，便会经由第一接地板4流回大地，那么，第一天线2便无法向外辐射电磁波。所以，在介质板1的长度方向上，第一天线2的未对应第一接地板4的部分，也即是，与第一接地板4错开的部分，是第一天线2的用来辐射电磁波的部分。如图3中的(b)所示，第一天线2的虚线框所示的部分，用于向外辐射电磁波。
同理，参考图3中的(a)和图3中的(b)所示，在沿着介质板1的长度方向上，第二天线3的全部或部分，在第二接地板5和介质板1的第二端之间。如图3中的(b)所示，第二天线3的虚线框所示的部分，用于向外辐射电磁波。
在一种示例中，关于第一天线2和第二天线3的位置关系，例如，参考图3中的(a)和图3中的(b)所示，第二天线3在介质板1第一表面上的投影，与第一天线2对称分布。其中，对称轴(记为第一对称轴)可以为介质板1在第一表面上的宽度方向上的横向中心线，当然，第一对称轴也可以不是横向中心线，只是与横向中心线平行，本实施例对此不做限定。
而因介质板1的尺寸有限，那么，参考图3中的(a)所示，第一天线2的靠近介质板1第一端的部分，尽可能延伸至介质板1的第一端，参考图3中的(b)所示，第二天线3的靠近介质板1第二端的部分，尽可能延伸至介质板1的第二端，在这种情况下，第二天线3在介质板1第一表面上的投影，与第一天线2对称分布，那么，第一对称轴即是介质板1的横向中心线。这样可以将介质板1的布置位置发挥到极致，而介质板1的尺寸与在网络设备中所布置的空间相关。
在一种示例中，关于第一接地板4和第二接地板5的位置关系，例如，参考图3中的(a)和图3中的(b)所示，第一接地板4在介质板1第一表面上的投影，与第二接地板5对称分布。其中，对称轴(记为第二对称轴)可以为介质板1在第一表面上的宽度方向上的横向中心线，当然，第二对称轴也可以不是横向中心线，只是与横向中心线平行，本实施例对此不做限定。
在一种示例中，以上所述的第一对称轴与第二对称轴可以重合，这样，参考图3所示，第一天线2和第二接地板5之间的间距，与第二天线3和第一接地板4之间的间距相等，这样，在介质板1的长度允许的情况下，可以在该间距中布置其他结构，例如，参考图3所示，布置馈电网络，后面在介绍馈电网络时，再详细介绍。
在一种示例中，第一天线2的类型和第二天线3的类型，主要与天线组件的类型相关。例如，天线组件为全向天线，那么，第一天线2和第二天线3可以均是能够在水平方向上表现为360°均匀辐射电磁波的全向天线，例如，第一天线2和第二天线3可以均是单极子天线。当然，也可以是，第一天线2为全向天线，第二天线3为定向天线，或者，第一天线2为定向天线，第二天线3为全向天线，或者，第一天线2和第二天线3均为定向天线，但是第一天线2和第二天线3叠加后表现出来全向天线。其中，本实施例对第一天线2和第二天线3的天线类型不做限定，以如图3中的(a)和图3中的(b)所示的单极子天线示例。
继续参考图3所示，第一天线2包括主辐射单元(记为第一主辐射单元21)，第二天线3也包括主辐射单元(记为第二主辐射单元31)。其中，第一主辐射单元21和第二主辐射单元31的尺寸可以相等，也可以不相等，为便于介绍，以两者的尺寸相等示例。
在一种示例中，第一天线2和第二天线3的主辐射单元均呈长条状，在介质板1上的布置方式为，第一主辐射单元21的长度方向与介质板1的长度方向平行，参考图3中的(a)所示，第一主辐射单元21竖向布置在介质板1的第一表面上，且第一主辐射单元21的一端尽可能向介质板1的第一端延伸，第一主辐射单元21的另一端用于与馈线连接。同样，第二主辐射单元31的长度方向与介质板1的长度方向平行，参考图3中的(b)所示，第二主辐射单元31竖向布置在介质板1的第二表面，且第二主辐射单元31的一端尽可能向介质板1的第二端延伸，第二主辐射单元31的另一端用于与馈线连接。
其中，第一天线2和第二天线3的主辐射单元的长度(指电长度)，与天线组件的工作频段相关。主辐射单元的宽度(也是电长度)与馈电网络的阻抗匹配相关。
以天线组件的工作频段为5.15GHz至5.85GHz示例，如图4所示，主辐射单元的长度L2的取值范围为25mm至28mm，例如，经仿真验证主辐射单元的长度L2取26mm，该天线组件的天线性能较好。其中，天线性能较好主要表现在工作频段较宽(如覆盖5.15GHz至5.85GHz)，和/或，天线增益较大(如大于10dB)。其中，图4是对图3中的(a)进行尺寸标记的示意图。
需要指出的是，后续涉及到尺寸的取值范围，在无特殊指明的情况下，均是以天线组件的工作频段为5.15GHz至5.85GHz来示例。
继续参考图4所示，主辐射单元的宽度W3的取值范围为2mm至3mm，在该取值范围下，第一天线2与馈电网络的阻抗匹配较佳，回波损耗较小，第二天线3与馈电网络的阻抗匹配较佳，回波损耗较小。例如，经仿真验证主辐射单元的宽度W3取2.6mm，该天线组件在工作频段内的回波损耗较小(如小于-10dB)。
在一种示例中，为了进一步增大天线组件的增益，和/或，拓宽天线组件的工作频段，参考图3中的(a)所示，第一天线2不仅包括主辐射单元(记为第一主辐射单元21)，还包括至少一个辅助辐射单元(记为第一辅助辐射单元22)，至少一个第一辅助辐射单元22均与第一主辐射单元21平行且连接，每个第一辅助辐射单元22与第一主辐射单元21之间的横向连线的长度满足第一辅助辐射单元22与第一主辐射单元21上传输的电流同向，使第一主辐射单元21和第一辅助辐射单元22同向辐射电磁波。其中，横向连线可以是直线，也可以是曲线。附图中以直线示例。
其中，第一辅助辐射单元22用于耦合第一主辐射单元21上的激励电流，如果第一辅助辐射单元22上耦合的电流，与第一主辐射单元21上的电流的方向相同，那么，第一辅助辐射单元22辐射的电磁波，与第一主辐射单元21辐射的电磁波叠加后表现出增强现象，从而进一步增大增益和/或拓宽频段。
在一种示例中，关于第一辅助辐射单元22的数量，参考图3中的(a)所示，可以在第一主辐射单元21的左右布置两个对称的第一辅助辐射单元22(记为一对第一辅助辐射单元22)，第一主辐射单元21的左右是在沿着介质板1宽度方向上的左右。两个第一辅助辐射单元22对称分布，参考图3中的(a)所示，这两个第一辅助辐射单元22的对称轴为介质板1的沿着z轴的竖向中心线。如果第一主辐射单元21在z轴上的竖向中心线，与介质板1在z轴的竖向中心线重合，那么，位于第一主辐射单元21左右两侧的两个第一辅助辐射单元22的对称轴，为第一主辐射单元21的竖向中心线。
在介质板1的沿着y轴上的宽度允许的情况下，也即是，介质板1的宽度比较大的情况下，第一主辐射单元21在z轴上的竖向中心线，与介质板1在z轴的竖向中心线也可以不重合。
继续参考图3中的(a)所示，第一主辐射单元21的左右两侧可以布置多对第一辅助辐射单元22，每一对第一辅助辐射单元22关于介质板1的竖向中心线对称分布。例如，参考图3中的(a)所示，布置两对第一辅助辐射单元22，其中，一对对称分布的第一辅助辐射单元22主要用于提升高频段(如5.15GHz至5.85GHz)的天线性能，另一对对称分布的第一辅助辐射单元22主要用于提升低频段(如2.4GHz至2.5GHz)的天线性能。
当然，每一对第一辅助辐射单元22中的两个第一辅助辐射单元22，也可以不对称分布，为便于介绍，以对称分布示例。
在一种示例中，因辅助辐射单元要包括平行于主辐射单元的部分，也要包括与主辐射单元连接的部分，那么，第一辅助辐射单元22需要具有横向部分和竖向部分，竖向部分用来与第一主辐射单元21平行，横向部分用来与第一主辐射单元21连接，其中，第一辅助辐射单元22的横向部分可以是直线，也可以是曲线，也可以是弯折线，还可以是斜线，还可以是水平线，为了节省布置空间，那么，第一辅助辐射单元22的横向部分为水平直线。同样，第一辅助辐射单元22的竖向部分可以是直线，也可以是斜线，还可以曲线，还可以是弯折线，只要确保具有与第一主辐射单元21平行的竖直分量即可，为了节省布置空间，那么，第一辅助辐射单元22的竖向部分为竖直直线。
参考图3中的(a)所示，第一辅助辐射单元22的形状可以呈L型，第一辅助辐射单元22包括横向部分和竖向部分，第一辅助辐射单元22的横向部分与第一主辐射单元21连接，第一辅助辐射单元22的竖向部分指向介质板1的中部。
其中，第一辅助辐射单元22的竖向部分指向介质板1的中部，是为了不额外增加介质板1的长度，这是因为如果第一辅助辐射单元22的竖向部分指向介质板1的第一端，那么，介质板1的长度还需要加长。
在一种示例中，为了使第一辅助辐射单元22能够辐射电磁波，参考图4所示，其中，一对第一辅助辐射单元22的长度L3的取值范围是8.5mm至9.5mm，另一对第一辅助辐射单元22的长度L4的取值范围是3mm至4mm。经仿真验证L3取9mm，L4取3.5mm，该天线组件的天线性能较好。
在一种示例中，因第一主辐射单元21作为主要辐射电磁波的单元，第一辅助辐射单元22作为次要辐射电磁波的单元，所以，第一主辐射单元21的线宽(线宽即沿着介质板1宽度方向上的尺寸)大于第一辅助辐射单元22的线宽(线宽即沿着介质板1宽度方向上的尺寸)，例如，参考图4所示，两对第一辅助辐射单元22的线宽W4相等，W4的取值范围可以是0.5mm至1.5mm。经仿真验证W4取1mm，该天线组件的天线性能较好。
在一种示例中，如上述所述，每个第一辅助辐射单元22与第一主辐射单元21之间的横向连线的长度，满足第一辅助辐射单元22与第一主辐射单元21上传输的电流同向，从而同向辐射电磁波，第一辅助辐射单元22与第一主辐射单元21的横向连线的长度，也即是，第一辅助辐射单元22的横向部分的长度。
其中，第一辅助辐射单元22上传输的电流，与第一主辐射单元21上传输的电流之间的相位差，主要与第一辅助辐射单元22的横向部分的长度相关。
所以，可以通过调整第一辅助辐射单元22的横向部分的长度，能够实现第一辅助辐射单元22上传输的电流，与第一主辐射单元21上传输的电流同向，进而实现第一辅助辐射单元22辐射的电磁波与第一主辐射单元21辐射的电磁波同向，两者的电磁波叠加后表现出振幅增大的效果。
例如，参考图4所示，一对第一辅助辐射单元22的横向部分之和，为W1与W3之差，如果介质板1的竖向中心线，与第一主辐射单元21的竖向中心线重合，那么，第一辅助辐射单元22的横向部分为(W1-W3)/2。而如果介质板1在z轴上的竖向中心线，与第一主辐射单元21的在z轴上的竖向中心线不重合，参考图4所示，那么，一对第一辅助辐射单元22中两个第一辅助辐射单元22的横向部分的取值，可以基于其他结构件在介质板1表面上的布置(如基于偶极子天线和馈电网络在介质板1表面上的布置)，以及仿真中同向叠加效果来调整。
例如，W1也即是介质板1的宽度，如可以是12mm，介质板1的宽度，参考图1所示，与网络设备中壳体100的内壁与主板200的侧边之间的间距相关，例如，介质板1的宽度小于或等于壳体100的内壁与主板200的侧边之间的间距。
在一种示例中，第一辅助辐射单元22的横向部分的宽度(即线宽)，与竖向部分的宽度(即线宽)可以相等，当然，也可以不相等。例如，参考图4所示，两对第一辅助辐射单元22的横向部分都是W2，W2的取值范围可以是2mm至3mm。经仿真验证W2取1.5mm，该天线组件的天线性能较好。
以上是第一天线2包括主辐射单元和多个辅助辐射单元的特征介绍，第二天线3也可以包括主辐射单元(记为第二主辐射单元31)和至少一个辅助辐射单元(记为第二辅助辐射单元32)。当然，第二天线3也可以只包括第二主辐射单元31，而不包括第二辅助辐射单元32。
参考图3中的(b)所示，第二天线3不仅包括第二主辐射单元31，还包括多个第二辅助辐射单元32，其中，有关第二辅助辐射单元32的介绍，可以参考上述对第一辅助辐射单元22的介绍，有关第二辅助辐射单元32与第二主辐射单元31之间的关系介绍，可以参考上述第一辅助辐射单元22与第一主辐射单元21之间的关系介绍，此处不再一一赘述。
但是需要指出的是，如果第二天线3在介质板1第一表面上的投影与第一天线2对称，那么，第二辅助辐射单元32的尺寸与第一辅助辐射单元22的尺寸相等，第一主辐射单元21的尺寸与第二主辐射单元31的尺寸相等。而如果第二天线3在介质板1第一表面上的投影与第一天线2不对称，那么，第二辅助辐射单元32的尺寸与第一辅助辐射单元22的尺寸可以相等，也可以不相等，第一主辐射单元21的尺寸与第二主辐射单元31的尺寸可以相等，也可以不相等。
在一种示例中，在介质板1的表面还存在空闲区域的情况下，为了进一步提升天线组件的性能，相应的，天线组件还包括至少一个偶极子天线，参考图3所示，第一辐射单元6a和第二辐射单元6b构成一个偶极子天线，记为第一偶极子天线，第三辐射单元6c和第四辐射单元6d构成另一个偶极子天线，记为第二偶极子天线。其中，每个偶极子天线的两个辐射单元均位于介质板1的表面，且两个辐射单元的长度方向均与介质板1的长度方向平行。
其中，偶极子天线的数量与介质板1的空闲区域相关，可以在不扩大介质板1尺寸的情况下，布置尽可能多的偶极子天线。
这样，每一个偶极子天线又作为一个向外辐射电磁波的天线，这种通过第一天线2、第二天线3和至少一个偶极子天线共同辐射电磁波，与单个天线辐射电磁波相比，增多了辐射单元的数量，那么，在应用中，控制第一天线2、第二天线3和至少一个偶极子天线上传输的电流同向，从而实现第一天线2、第二天线3和至少一个偶极子天线，辐射同向的电磁波，便能实现在工作频段基本不变的情况下，增大天线组件的增益，或者，在天线组件的增益基本不变的情况下，拓宽天线组件的工作频段，无论哪种调整，都能提升网络设备的通信质量。
下面以如图3所示，第一偶极子天线和第二偶极子天线这两个偶极子天线示例，其中，第一偶极子天线包括两个对称分布的辐射单元，分别记为第一辐射单元6a和第二辐射单元6b，其中，第一辐射单元6a和第二辐射单元6b的对称轴是沿着介质板1的宽度方向。同样，第二偶极子天线包括两个对称分布的辐射单元，分别记为第三辐射单元6c和第四辐射单元6d，其中，第三辐射单元6c和第四辐射单元6d的对称轴是沿着介质板1的宽度方向。
在一种示例中，偶极子天线上的电流可以是从第一天线2上耦合的电流，也可以是从第二天线3上耦合的电流。因此，天线组件的馈电网络无需与偶极子天线馈电，能够简化天线组件的布置。
在一种示例中，第一辐射单元6a和第二辐射单元6b可以布置在介质板1的同一表面，例如，都在第一表面，或者，都在第二表面。
在另一种示例中，第一辐射单元6a和第二辐射单元6b可以布置在介质板1的不同表面，例如，一个在第一表面，另一个在第二表面。
对于偶极子天线因在辐射电磁波中，其两个辐射单元在电连接关系上，一个辐射单元与馈线的信号线连接，另一个辐射单元与馈线的接地线连接，而第一天线2与第一接地板4位于介质板1的异面，第二天线3与第二接地板5也是位于介质板1的异面。所以，为了方便偶极子天线的两个辐射单元从第一天线2上耦合能量，或者从第二天线3上耦合能量，相应的，对于每个偶极子天线，其一个辐射单元可以布置在介质板1的第一表面，其另一个辐射单元可以布置在介质板1的第二表面。
例如，参考图3中的(a)所示，第一偶极子天线的第一辐射单元6a位于介质板1的第一表面，参考图3中的(b)所示，第一偶极子天线的第二辐射单元6b位于介质板1的第二表面。
需要指出的是，参考图3中的(a)所示，第一偶极子天线的第一辐射单元6a与第一馈线7的第一信号线71是否通过金属线连接均可，通过金属线连接，能够提高耦合程度，连接位置可以通过仿真确定。参考图3中的(b)所示，第一偶极子天线的第二辐射单元6b与第一馈线7的第一接地线72是否通过金属线连接也均可。
同样，参考图3中的(b)所示，第二偶极子天线的第三辐射单元6c位于介质板1的第二表面，参考图3中的(a)所示，第二偶极子天线的第四辐射单元6d位于介质板1的第一表面。其中，参考图3中的(b)所示，第二偶极子天线的第三辐射单元6c与第二馈线8的第二信号线81是否通过金属线连接均可，通过金属线连接，能够提高耦合程度，连接位置可以通过仿真确定。参考图3中的(a)所示，第二偶极子天线的第四辐射单元6d与第二馈线8的第二接地线82是否通过金属线连接也均可。
关于偶极子天线的尺寸特征。如图3并参考图4所示，第一辐射单元6a的长度L5的取值范围为9.5mm至10.5mm，第二辐射单元6b的长度L8的取值范围为8.5mm至9.5mm，第一辐射单元6a的线宽，与第二辐射单元6b的线宽相等，记为W5，W5的取值范围为1.5mm至2.5mm。经仿真验证L5取10mm，L8取9mm，W5取2mm，该天线组件的天线性能较好。
其中，第三辐射单元6c和第一辐射单元6a的结构相同，尺寸也相同，所以第三辐射单元6c的长度可以参考第一辐射单元6a的长度，第四辐射单元6d和第二辐射单元6b的结构相同，尺寸也相同，所以第四辐射单元6d的长度可以参考第二辐射单元6b的长度，不再赘述。
继续参考图4所示，如果第一辐射单元6a与馈线的信号线通过金属线连接，那么，该金属线的线宽W8的取值范围可以是0.5mm至1mm。经仿真验证W8取0.5mm，该天线组件的天线性能较好，其中，金属线的线宽是沿着介质板1的宽度方向上的尺寸。
在一种示例中，如上述所述，偶极子天线的数量可以是多个，多个的情况下，参考图3所示，多个偶极子天线布置在介质板1的沿着长度方向的竖向中心线的同一侧，例如，参考图3所示，两个偶极子天线都布置介质板1的竖向中心线的第一侧，第一侧也即是介质板1在y轴的负方向的一侧。其中，坐标系参考图1所示，是以介质板1的竖向中心线为z轴，底面为xoy平面，厚度方向为x轴，宽度方向为y轴。
这样，介质板1的竖向中心线的第二侧还有一定的空间用来布置其他结构件，其中，第二侧也即是，介质板1在y轴的正方向的一侧。
例如，介质板1的竖向中心线的第二侧可以布置馈电网络。参考图3所示，馈电网络包括第一馈线7和第二馈线8，其中，第一馈线7用于向第一天线2馈电，第二馈线8用于向第二天线3馈电。继续参考图3所示，第一馈线7和第二馈线8均位于介质板1的沿着长度方向的竖向中心线的同一侧，如都在介质板1的竖向中心线的第二侧。
其中，第一馈线7和第二馈线8均是双线馈线，包括信号线和接地线，参考图3所示，第一馈线7的信号线记为第一信号线71，接地线记为第一接地线72，第二馈线8的信号线记为第二信号线81，接地线记为第二接地线82。
由于信号线用来与天线连接，接地线用来与接地板连接，所以，参考图3所示，第一馈线7的第一信号线71位于介质板1的第一表面，与第一天线2连接，第一馈线7的第一接地线72位于介质板1的第二表面，与第一接地板4连接，第二馈线8的第二信号线81位于介质板1的第二表面，与第二天线3连接，第二馈线8的第二接地线82位于介质板1的第一表面，与第二接地板5连接。
在一种示例中，为了避免馈线的信号线向外辐射电磁波，而对天线组件的天线性能产生影响，相应的，参考图3所示，第一馈线7的第一信号线71和第一接地线72互为平行，第二馈线8的第二信号线81与第二接地线82互为平行。这样，第一信号线71与第一接地线72形成闭合回路，第二信号线81与第二接地线82形成闭合回路，从而，第一信号线71和第二信号线81仅仅作为信号传输线使用，不会向外辐射电磁波。
继续参考图3所示，第一馈线7的第一信号线71与第二馈线8的第二接地线82在介质板1的第一表面上对称分布，第一馈线7的第一接地线72与第二馈线8的第二信号线81在介质板1的第二表面上对称分布。这样，因第一信号线71与第一接地线72平行布置，且长度相等，第二信号线81与第二接地线82平行布置，且长度相等，那么，第一馈线7的第一信号线71的电长度，与第二馈线8的第二信号线81的电长度相等，从而实现第一天线2的第一主辐射单元21馈入的激励信号，与第二天线3的第二主辐射单元31馈入的激励信号同相位时，第一主辐射单元21上传输的电流与第二主辐射单元31上传输的电流同向，从而实现同向辐射。
进而，第一主辐射单元21与第二主辐射单元31辐射的电磁波发生干涉相长，从而实现拓宽工作频段和/或增大增益，而提升天线组件的性能。
在一种示例中，关于第一馈线7和第二馈线8的尺寸特征。因介质板1的尺寸有限，而第一馈线7和第二馈线8的长度比较长，所以，参考图3所示，第一馈线7和第二馈线8呈弯折状态布置在介质板1的表面上，例如，第一信号线71和第二接地线82呈弯折状态布置在介质板1的第一表面，第二信号线81和第一接地线72呈弯折状态布置在介质板1的第二表面。其中，弯折形状可以呈方波形。当然，也可以呈波浪形，还可以呈锯齿形等，本实施例对弯折形状不做限定，以方波形示例。
参考图4所示，第一信号线71的线宽、第一接地线72的线宽、第二信号线81的线宽、第二接地线82的线宽可以均相等。因第一馈线7和第二馈线8呈弯折状态布置，所以，参考图4所示，第一信号线71、第二信号线81、第一接地线72和第二接地线82的在沿着介质板1的宽度方向上的宽度W6的取值范围为1mm至2mm，第一信号线71、第二信号线81、第一接地线72和第二接地线82的在沿着介质板1的长度方向上的宽度W7的取值范围为0.5mm至1mm。经仿真验证W6取1.5mm，W7取0.9mm，该天线组件的天线性能较好。
因第一馈线7和第二馈线8呈方波形布置在介质板1的表面上，继续参考图4所示，在沿着介质板1长度方向的长度L6的取值范围为2mm至3mm，L10的取值范围为1.5mm至2.5mm。经仿真验证L6取2.8mm，L10取2mm，该天线组件的天线性能较好。
在一种示例中，馈电网络的馈电点可以布置在介质板1的中部位置，其中，馈电点与外部的射频电路连接，馈电点也可以称为天线组件的馈电端口或馈电接口，参考图4所示，馈电点的馈电转换处在沿着介质板1长度方向上的尺寸L11的取值范围可以是2.5mm至3.5mm，馈电点在沿着介质板1长度方向上的尺寸L7的取值范围可以是9mm至10mm。经仿真验证L11取3mm，L7取9.8mm，该天线组件的天线性能较好。
继续参考图4所示，第一接地板4在沿着介质板1的长度方向上的长度，与第二接地板5在沿着介质板1的长度方向上的长度相等，记为L9，L9的取值范围可以为10.5mm至11.5mm，第一接地板4在沿着介质板1的宽度方向上的宽度，与第二接地板5在沿着介质板1的宽度方向上的宽度相等，均等于介质板1的宽度W1。
继续参考图4所示，介质板1的长度L1为102mm，其中，介质板1的长度L1与网络设备的高度相关，例如，参考图1所示，介质板1的长度与网络设备在z轴上的高度接近。
下面介绍对如图3所示的天线组件进行仿真的仿真结果。
其中，仿真所使用的数据可以参考如下表1所示。
表1
其中，在介绍仿真结果中，会涉及到天线的方向图，为便于理解对下面的术语进行解释。
方向图，因呈花瓣状，又称为波瓣图，是描述场或功率作为三维球坐标θ和φ的函数的三维量。其中，如图5所示为三维球坐标的示意图，参考图5所示，φ为在三维球坐标系中，从正z轴来看，自x轴按逆时针方向旋转至投影连线的角度，投影连线为空间中的点P在xoy平面(即水平面)的投影P’和原点O之间的连线。
如图6所示，为天线组件在高频段内的回波损耗与频率的关系示意图，其中，天线的回波损耗用于表征天线组件与馈电网络之间的阻抗匹配情况，回波损耗越小，则表面阻抗匹配越良好，一般将回波损耗小于-10dB的范围对应的频段为天线组件能工作的频段。参考图6所示，天线组件的高频工作频段为5.09GHz至5.97GHz。
如图7至图9所示，分别为天线组件在5.2GHz、5.5GHz与5.8GHz频点下的水平面辐射方向图，如图10至图12所示，分别为天线组件在5.2GHz、5.5GHz与5.8GHz频点下的垂直面辐射方向图。从图7至图9中可以看到天线组件在宽带内水平面增益曲线，其峰值增益均大于7dBi，同时大于4dBi的角度大于200°，且最小增益大于-3dBi，从图10至图12中可以看到天线在带宽内垂直面上旁瓣电平较低，均小于-1dBi。
如图13所示，为天线组件在低频段内的回波损耗与频率的关系示意图，参考图13所示，天线组件在低频段2.4GHz至2.5GHz同样具有良好的水平准全向辐射特性。
因此，该天线组件具备小尺寸下实现高增益辐射，如该天线组件在介质板1的尺寸为102×12×1.6mm3的情况下，实现高频段内(5.15GHz至5.85GHz)最高增益均大于7dBi。该天线组件还具备低净空准全向辐射，如在10mm净空下保证高频段(5.15GHz至5.85GHz)内水平面最小增益均大于-3dBi，低频段(2.4GHz至2.5GHz)内最小增益大于-5dBi，实现准全向辐射。其中，净空也即是如图1所示，天线组件300与主板200之间的空间距离。
基于上述所述，该天线组件首先通过第一天线2和第二天线3的布置方式，再加上第一天线2和第二天线3不仅包括主辐射单元，还包括辅助辐射单元，主辐射单元与辅助辐射单元上传输的电流同向，再加上天线组件还包括偶极子天线，使天线组件包括较多的辐射单元，如第一天线的主辐射单元和至少一个辅助辐射单元，第二天线的主辐射单元和至少一个辅助辐射单元，以及至少一个偶极子天线均是向外辐射电磁波的辐射单元，辐射单元的数量较多，能够压缩天线组件在垂直平面的波宽，从而提升天线组件在水平面的增益。其中，垂直平面也称竖直平面或E面，即是图5中φ＝90度的平面，水平面也称为H面，即图5中θ＝90度的平面。
在本公开实施例中，这种通过第一天线和第二天线共同辐射电磁波，与单个天线辐射电磁波相比，增多了辐射单元的数量。那么，在应用中，通过控制第一天线和第二天线上传输的电流同向，便能使第一天线和第二天线向外辐射同向电磁波，进而能实现增大天线组件的增益和/或拓宽天线组件的工作频段，从而实现在较小尺寸下确保或提升网络设备的通信质量。
本实施例还提供了一种网络设备，网络设备包括射频电路和上述所述的天线组件，所述射频电路用于使所述天线组件收发无线信号。其中，射频电路可以布置在如图1所示的网络设备的主板200上，其中，主板200的基材可以为FR4，其相对介电常数可以为4.4，损耗角正切为0.02，厚度可以为1.6mm，主板200的上表面和下表面均覆铜，其中铜的厚度为0.017mm。其中，本实施例对网络设备的主板不做具体限定。
本公开的实施方式部分使用的术语仅用于对本公开的实施例进行解释，而非旨在限定本公开。除非另作定义，本公开的实施方式使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本公开所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本公开说明书以及权利要求书中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。同样，“一个”或者“一”等类似词语也不表示数量限制，而是表示存在至少一个。“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指出现在“包括”或者“包含”前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在“包括”或者“包含”后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同，并不排除其它元件或者物件。“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等仅用于表示相对位置关系，当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后，则相对位置关系也可能相应地改变。“多个”指两个或两个以上，除非另有明确的限定。
以上所述仅为本公开的可选实施例，并不用以限制本公开，凡在本公开的原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种天线组件，其特征在于，所述天线组件包括介质板(1)、第一天线(2)、第二天线(3)、第一接地板(4)和第二接地板(5)；
    所述第一天线(2)位于所述介质板(1)的第一表面，且靠近所述介质板(1)的沿着长度方向的第一端，所述第一接地板(4)位于所述介质板(1)的第二表面，且靠近所述介质板(1)的沿着长度方向的第一端；
    所述第二天线(3)位于所述介质板(1)的第二表面，且靠近所述介质板(1)的沿着长度方向的第二端，所述第二接地板(5)位于所述介质板(1)的第一表面，且靠近所述介质板(1)的沿着长度方向的第二端。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线组件，其特征在于，在沿着所述介质板(1)的长度方向上，所述第一天线(2)的全部或部分，在所述第一接地板(4)和所述介质板(1)的第一端之间，所述第二天线(3)的全部或部分，在所述第二接地板(5)和所述介质板(1)的第二端之间。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述第一天线(2)和/或所述第二天线(3)包括主辐射单元和至少一个辅助辐射单元，所述至少一个辅助辐射单元均与所述主辐射单元平行且连接；
    每个辅助辐射单元与所述主辐射单元之间的连线的长度，满足所述辅助辐射单元与所述主辐射单元辐射同向电磁波。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述主辐射单元的形状呈条状，所述主辐射单元的长度方向与所述介质板(1)的长度方向平行，所述辅助辐射单元的形状呈L型，所述辅助辐射单元的横向部分与所述主辐射单元连接，竖向部分指向所述介质板(1)的中部。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述第二天线(3)在所述介质板(1)第一表面上的投影，与所述第一天线(2)对称分布。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述天线组件还包括至少一个偶极子天线，所述偶极子天线的两个辐射单元均位于所述介质板(1)的表面，且所述两个辐射单元的长度方向均与所述介质板(1)的长度方向平行。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述偶极子天线的两个辐射单元中，一个辐射单元位于所述介质板(1)的第一表面，另一个辐射单元位于所述介质板(1)的第二表面。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述偶极子天线的数量为多个，多个所述偶极子天线均布置在所述介质板(1)的沿着长度方向的竖向中心线的同一侧。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8任一所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述天线组件还包括第一馈线(7)和第二馈线(8)，所述第一馈线(7)和所述第二馈线(8)均包括信号线和接地线；
    所述第一馈线(7)的信号线位于所述介质板(1)的第一表面，且与所述第一天线(2)连接，所述第一馈线(7)的接地线位于所述介质板(1)的第二表面，且与所述第一接地板(4)连接；
    所述第二馈线(8)的信号线位于所述介质板(1)的第二表面，且与所述第二天线(3)连接，所述第二馈线(8)的接地线位于所述介质板(1)的第一表面，且与所述第二接地板(5)连接。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述第一馈线(7)的信号线与接地线平行布置，所述第二馈线(8)的信号线与接地线平行布置。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述第一馈线(7)的信号线与所述第二馈线(8)的接地线在所述介质板(1)的第一表面上对称分布，所述第一馈线(7)的接地线与所述第二馈线(8)的信号线在所述介质板(1)的第二表面上对称分布。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述第一馈线(7)的信号线的电长度与所述第二馈线(8)的信号线的电长度相等，且满足所述第一天线(2)和所述第二天线(3)辐射同向电磁波。
  13. 根据权利要求9项所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述第一馈线(7)和所述第二馈线(8)均布置在所述介质板(1)的沿着长度方向的竖向中心线的同一侧。
  14. 一种网络设备，其特征在于，所述网络设备包括射频电路和权利要求1至13任一所述的天线组件，所述射频电路用于使所述天线组件收发无线信号。
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