WO2025256499A1 - 通信方法及装置 - Google Patents

通信方法及装置

Info

Publication number
WO2025256499A1
WO2025256499A1 PCT/CN2025/099997 CN2025099997W WO2025256499A1 WO 2025256499 A1 WO2025256499 A1 WO 2025256499A1 CN 2025099997 W CN2025099997 W CN 2025099997W WO 2025256499 A1 WO2025256499 A1 WO 2025256499A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reference signals
tci state
terminal
reference signal
signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2025/099997
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孔垂丽
罗禾佳
李科新
于天航
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Publication of WO2025256499A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025256499A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H04W72/21—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the uplink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards the network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H04W72/23—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a communication method and apparatus.
  • This application provides a communication method and apparatus for improving communication performance, such as improving communication efficiency.
  • the technical solution of this application provides a communication method that can be applied to the terminal side, such as a terminal or a communication module in the terminal, or a circuit or chip in the terminal responsible for communication functions (such as a modem chip, also known as a baseband chip, or a system-on-chip (SoC) chip or system-in-package (SIP) chip containing a modem core).
  • a communication method that can be applied to the terminal side, such as a terminal or a communication module in the terminal, or a circuit or chip in the terminal responsible for communication functions (such as a modem chip, also known as a baseband chip, or a system-on-chip (SoC) chip or system-in-package (SIP) chip containing a modem core).
  • the terminal activates a first TCI state indicated by a first transmission configuration; receives first information, the first information being used to indicate a second TCI state; and updates to the second TCI state in response to the first TCI state including the second TCI state.
  • the terminal can activate at least part of the TCI state (such as the first TCI state) before receiving the first information from the network device.
  • the second TCI state indicated by the network device through the first information has already been activated by the terminal; that is, the activated first TCI state includes the second TCI state.
  • the terminal directly updates to the already activated second TCI state. Therefore, the terminal can communicate based on the updated second TCI state when communication is needed. It is evident that in some cases, the terminal does not need to wait for the SSB from the network device to activate the second TCI state after receiving the first information, which can shorten the activation time of the second TCI state and thus reduce communication latency.
  • One possible design also includes:
  • the terminal can report second information to the network device, enabling the network device to indicate the second TCI state to be updated to based on the activation status of the first TCI state. For example, the network device can prioritize indicating the TCI state that is already activated in the first TCI state. In this way, before the terminal receives the first information, since the TCI state to be updated (the second TCI state) indicated by the network device has been activated by the terminal in advance, the terminal does not need to wait for the SSB to activate the second TCI state after receiving the first information, thus reducing the latency of TCI state activation.
  • it also includes sending third information, which is used to indicate the maintenance status of the road loss reference signal.
  • the terminal can report third information to the network device, enabling the network device to indicate the second TCI status accordingly.
  • it also includes sending an acknowledgment (ACK), which indicates that the terminal has received the first information;
  • ACK acknowledgment
  • the method further includes: receiving a first signal in response to the first TCI state not including the second TCI state, the first signal including a synchronization signal block or a path loss reference signal; the first signal instructing the terminal to update to the second TCI state.
  • the first TCI state does not include the second TCI state, which means that the second TCI state to which the terminal is to be updated has not been activated by the terminal in advance.
  • the network device can fall back to the second TCI state activated by sending the first signal to meet the terminal's beam update or switching requirements.
  • the scheduling period for the first signal corresponding to different beams is different.
  • the scheduling period of the first signal is related to the size of the coverage area of the beam, or the scheduling period of the first signal is related to the position of the beam overlap area. In this way, the terminal can receive and measure the first signal in a timely manner when it is needed.
  • the network device sends the first signal when the second TCI state is not activated in advance by the terminal (the first TCI state does not include the second TCI state).
  • the network device can send the first signal (such as SSB or path loss reference signal) according to the corresponding period (such as the aforementioned parent period and child period).
  • activating the first transport configuration indicates the TCI state, including:
  • the first TCI state is activated; the first region is the area where at least two beams of the network device overlap.
  • the terminal can determine whether it is in a beam overlap area and activate the corresponding TCI state in advance to reduce the TCI activation delay.
  • Another possible design also includes:
  • the terminal determines one or more beams that may be switched to based on reference signals or ephemeris information, and activates the first TCI state corresponding to the one or more beams accordingly.
  • One possible design also includes:
  • the beam topology information may include at least one of the following: beam layout, position, and relationships between beams.
  • beams A, B, and C are adjacent overlapping beams.
  • One possible design also includes:
  • the terminal Based on the location of the terminal and the beam topology information, it is determined that the terminal is in the first region.
  • the terminal can determine whether it is located in the first region by combining the measurement results of the reference signal.
  • One possible design also includes:
  • the M reference signals comprise N groups of reference signals; the periods of adjacent reference signals in each group satisfy a first period; the time interval between two adjacent groups of reference signals is greater than the time interval of the first period; and M and N are integers greater than 2.
  • This method by nesting sub-cycles (first cycle) and parent cycles (time interval between two adjacent sets of reference signals), eliminates the need for all reference signals to have relatively dense cycles, thus ensuring the measurement of reference signals while reducing the transmission overhead of reference signals.
  • the time interval between two adjacent sets of reference signals is related to the size of the coverage area of the corresponding beam.
  • the time interval (mother period) between two adjacent sets of reference signals is related to the size of the coverage area of the corresponding beam. This allows for precise matching of the coverage areas of different beams and configuration of different mother periods for the reference signals. This approach can minimize transmission overhead while meeting the measurement requirements of the reference signals.
  • the time interval T between two adjacent sets of reference signals satisfies:
  • d represents the reference distance, which is related to the size of the coverage area of the network device's beam
  • R represents the Earth's radius
  • r represents the height of the network device
  • ⁇ is a constant.
  • the corresponding time interval T can be calculated based on ephemeris and beam topology information, allowing the terminal to measure the reference signal in the beam overlap area without needing to measure the reference signal in other areas.
  • the time interval between two adjacent sets of reference signals is related to the size of the coverage area of the network device's beam. This can be understood/replaced as: the time interval between two adjacent sets of reference signals is related to the location of the beam overlap area, or the time interval between two adjacent sets of reference signals is related to the timing of beam switching.
  • One possible design also includes:
  • Receive resource configuration information which is used to configure the resources of the M reference signals.
  • the M reference signals include anchor point reference signals
  • the anchor reference signal is one, and the anchor reference signal is located at the first position among the M reference signals; the resource configuration information is used to configure the resources of the M reference signals, including: the resource configuration information is used to configure the resources of the anchor reference signal and the time interval between two adjacent sets of reference signals;
  • the anchor reference signal may be N, and each of the N groups of reference signals may include the anchor reference signal, wherein the anchor reference signal is located at the second position in the corresponding group of reference signals; the resource configuration information may be used to configure the resources of the M reference signals, including: the resource configuration information may be used to configure the resources of the anchor reference signal.
  • the method is applied to non-terrestrial networks (NTNs).
  • NTNs non-terrestrial networks
  • a communication method is provided, which can be applied to the network side, such as access network equipment, modules (e.g., circuits, chips, chip systems, or processors) within the access network equipment, or logical nodes, logical modules, or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the access network equipment.
  • the network device receives second information, which is used to indicate the activation status of a first TCI state indicated by a first transmission configuration; and sends first information, which is used to instruct the terminal to update to a second TCI state; the first TCI state includes the second TCI state.
  • the second TCI state is determined based on the activation status of the first TCI state.
  • One possible design also includes:
  • Receive third information which is used to indicate the maintenance status of the road loss reference signal
  • the second TCI state is determined based on the activation status of the first TCI state, including: the second TCI state is determined based on the activation status of the first TCI state and the maintenance status of the path loss reference signal.
  • the method further includes:
  • a first signal is sent, the first signal including a synchronization signal block or a path loss reference signal; the scheduling period of the first signal corresponding to different beams is different; the first signal indicates that the terminal updates to the second TCI state.
  • One possible design also includes:
  • the M reference signals include N groups of reference signals; the periods of adjacent reference signals in each group of reference signals satisfy a first period; the time interval between two adjacent groups of reference signals is greater than the time interval of the first period; M and N are integers greater than 2.
  • the time interval between two adjacent sets of reference signals is related to the size of the coverage area of the corresponding beam.
  • One possible design also includes:
  • Send resource configuration information which is used to configure the resources of the M reference signals.
  • the M reference signals include anchor point reference signals
  • the anchor reference signal is one, and the anchor reference signal is located at the first position among the M reference signals; the resource configuration information is used to configure the resources of the M reference signals, including: the resource configuration information is used to configure the resources of the anchor reference signal and the time interval between two adjacent sets of reference signals;
  • the anchor reference signal may be N, and each of the N groups of reference signals may include the anchor reference signal, wherein the anchor reference signal is located at the second position in the corresponding group of reference signals; the resource configuration information may be used to configure the resources of the M reference signals, including: the resource configuration information may be used to configure the resources of the anchor reference signal.
  • the method is applied to non-terrestrial networks (NTNs).
  • NTNs non-terrestrial networks
  • a communication method is provided, taking a terminal as an example, wherein the terminal receives a first signal, the first signal including a synchronization signal block or a path loss reference signal; the scheduling period of the first signal corresponding to different beams is different; the first signal instructs the terminal to perform a TCI state update.
  • the scheduling period of the first signal (such as SSB or path loss reference signal) is different.
  • the first signal such as SSB or path loss reference signal
  • the flexible scheduling of the first signal can meet the measurement requirements of the first signal.
  • the scheduling period of the first signal is related to the size of the coverage area of the network device's beam.
  • a communication method is provided, taking a network device as an example, wherein the network device sends a first signal, the first signal including a synchronization signal block or a path loss reference signal; the scheduling period of the first signal corresponding to different beams is different; the first signal instructs the terminal to perform a TCI state update.
  • the terminal receives M reference signals
  • the M reference signals include N sets of reference signals; the periods of adjacent reference signals in each set of reference signals satisfy a first period; the time interval between two adjacent sets of reference signals is greater than the time interval of the first period; M and N are integers greater than 2.
  • reference signals may include, but are not limited to, reference signals related to CSI-RS, SSB, path loss reference signals, or common downlink control information, or reference signals related to beam management.
  • the time interval between two adjacent sets of reference signals is related to the size of the coverage area of the network device's beam.
  • the network device sends reference signals, wherein there are M reference signals;
  • the M reference signals include N sets of reference signals; the periods of adjacent reference signals in each set of reference signals satisfy a first period; the time interval between two adjacent sets of reference signals is greater than the time interval of the first period; M and N are integers greater than 2.
  • the time interval between two adjacent sets of reference signals is related to the size of the coverage area of the network device's beam.
  • the uplink reference signal can also be designed with sub-cycles and parent cycles. Accordingly, the method may include:
  • the terminal transmits M reference signals; correspondingly, the network device receives the reference signals.
  • the network device may also measure the reference signals.
  • the uplink reference signals may include, but are not limited to, sounding reference signals (SRS).
  • the M reference signals include N sets of reference signals; the periods of adjacent reference signals in each set of reference signals satisfy a first period; the time interval between two adjacent sets of reference signals is greater than the time interval of the first period; M and N are integers greater than 2.
  • the time interval between two adjacent sets of reference signals is related to the size of the coverage area of the network device's beam.
  • a communication device comprising a functional module, unit, or means for performing the methods in any possible design of any of the above aspects of this application.
  • the module may be implemented in software or hardware, or in a combination of software and hardware.
  • the inclusion of a processing unit and a communication unit is not limited.
  • a communication system including a terminal designed in any of the foregoing aspects and a network device designed in any of the foregoing aspects.
  • the present application provides a communication device, including: a processor configured to perform the method of any of the above-described aspects.
  • the device may further include the memory or the communication interface.
  • the communication interface is coupled to the processor and is used for inputting or outputting information.
  • the memory is used to store computer programs, and the processor is configured to perform a method of any of the above-described designs, which can be implemented as: a method for executing a computer program stored in the memory to perform any of the above-described designs.
  • the processor can also be a hardware-implemented circuit, such as an artificial intelligence (AI) processor, to improve operating speed.
  • AI artificial intelligence
  • the communication device can be a complete device or a module within the device, such as a chip or chip system.
  • the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium including computer instructions that, when executed on a device, cause the device to perform any of the possible designs described above.
  • the present application provides a computer program product that, when run on a device, causes the device to execute any of the possible designs in any of the above aspects.
  • this application provides a circuit system including a processing circuit configured to perform the methods in any possible design of any of the above aspects.
  • the processing circuit can be implemented as a corresponding circuit component, such as one or more processors. Alternatively, it can be implemented as a processor and a memory. Yet another example is a processor and a transceiver.
  • a communication system comprising a terminal and a network device as described in any possible design of any of the above aspects.
  • a communication method comprising: a terminal performing the method in any possible design of any of the above aspects, and a network device performing the method in any possible design of any of the above aspects.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the scenario provided in the embodiment of this application.
  • FIGS. 2-7B are schematic diagrams of the system architecture provided in the embodiments of this application.
  • Figure 8 is a flowchart illustrating the communication method provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a scenario where the TCI state does not need to be activated by SSB, as provided in an embodiment of this application;
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the beam overlap region provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a scenario where the SSB needs to activate the TCI state according to an embodiment of this application;
  • Figure 12 is a flowchart illustrating the communication method provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • FIGS 13-14 are schematic diagrams of scenarios provided in the embodiments of this application.
  • Figure 15 is a flowchart illustrating the communication method provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of a scenario provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the simulation results provided in the embodiments of this application.
  • FIGS 18 and 19 are schematic diagrams of the structure of the communication device/equipment/device provided in the embodiments of this application.
  • At least one and “one or more” refer to one or more (including two).
  • At least one of the following or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or multiple items.
  • at least one of A, B, or C includes A, B, C, AB, AC, BC, or ABC
  • at least one of A, B, and C can also be understood as including A, B, C, AB, AC, BC, or ABC.
  • a and/or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone, where A and B can be singular or plural.
  • the character "/” generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or” relationship.
  • references to "one embodiment” or “some embodiments” as described in this specification mean that one or more embodiments of this application include a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment. Therefore, phrases such as “in one embodiment,” “in some embodiments,” “in other embodiments,” “in still other embodiments,” etc., appearing in different parts of this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but rather mean “one or more, but not all, embodiments,” unless otherwise specifically emphasized.
  • connection includes both direct and indirect connections, unless otherwise stated.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated.
  • a feature defined as “first” or “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.
  • the words “exemplarily” or “for example” are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as “exemplarily” or “for example” in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design solutions. Specifically, the use of the words “exemplarily” or “for example” is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.
  • acquiring resources may occur before acquiring data for the task, or may occur after acquiring data, or may occur simultaneously with acquiring data.
  • Sending information can be understood as one device sending information to another device, or it can also be understood as one logical module within a device sending information to another logical module.
  • “access network device sending information” can be understood as the access network device sending information to another device (such as a terminal), or it can be understood as logical module 1 in the access network device sending information to logical module 2 in the access network device.
  • receiving information can be understood as one device receiving information from another device, or it can be understood as one logical module within a device receiving information from another logical module.
  • access network device receiving information can be understood as the access network device receiving information from another device (such as a terminal), or it can be understood as logical module 1 in the access network device receiving information from logical module 2 in the access network device.
  • sending information to... e.g., a terminal
  • sending information to... can be understood as the destination of the information being a terminal. This can include sending information directly or indirectly to a terminal.
  • receiving information from... e.g., a terminal
  • receiving information from... e.g., a terminal
  • receiving information sent e.g., by a terminal
  • sending information can be understood as the source of the information being a terminal. This can include receiving information directly or indirectly from a terminal.
  • Information may undergo necessary processing between the source and destination, such as format changes, but the destination can understand the valid information from the source. Similar expressions in this application can be interpreted similarly, and will not be elaborated further here.
  • Instruction can be explicit or implicit. For example, when A instructs B to use a resource, it can be an explicit instruction to use a specific resource, or it can be an implicit instruction to use an index to indicate the resource.
  • “Used for” can mean “dedicated to” or “available for,” without limitation to “dedicated to.”
  • information A indicates xx.
  • information A is dedicated to indicating xx.
  • information A can indicate other things besides xx, without restriction.
  • system and “network” in the embodiments of this application may be used interchangeably.
  • the base station sends a reference signal to the terminal, the terminal measures the reference signal, and reports the measurement results to the base station. Based on the terminal's measurement results of the reference signal, the base station can instruct the terminal to select a specified beam for communication.
  • NR New Radio
  • the channel state indication reference signal (CSI-RS) used for beam management supports a period configuration of 4-640 slots.
  • the specific period configuration depends on the measurement requirements; for example, if the channel changes rapidly, the CSI-RS will be configured more densely in the time domain.
  • NTN non-terrestrial network
  • the satellite beam's projected area on the ground is relatively large, and consequently, the beam can provide service for a longer period, such as several seconds.
  • the longest-period CSI-RS in current NR systems (640 slots) has a period of only 640ms, far short of the second-level measurement requirements of NTN systems. Therefore, the current CSI-RS configuration period cannot meet the measurement needs of NTN.
  • beam indication for NR can be performed based on the TCI framework.
  • high frequency and low frequency can each have their own QCL configuration.
  • the QCL type in the QCL configuration can include type A, type B, type C, or type D.
  • Reference signals can be divided into source reference signals and target reference signals.
  • Source reference signals can be, for example, a synchronization signal block (SSB) or CSI-RS
  • target reference signals can be, for example, CSI-RS, the demodulation reference signal (DMRS) of the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), or the DMRS of the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH).
  • SSB synchronization signal block
  • CSI-RS CSI-RS
  • DMRS demodulation reference signal
  • PDCCH physical downlink control channel
  • PDSCH physical downlink shared channel
  • SSB can be replaced with the synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH).
  • SS/PBCH synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel
  • the reference signal can also be referred to as the reference channel.
  • FIG 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a possible, non-limiting system.
  • the communication system 10 includes a radio access network (RAN) 100 and a core network (CN) 200.
  • RAN 100 includes at least one RAN node (as shown in Figure 2, 110a and 110b, collectively referred to as 110) and at least one terminal (as shown in Figure 2, 120a-120j, collectively referred to as 120).
  • RAN 100 may also include other RAN nodes, such as wireless relay devices or wireless backhaul devices (not shown in Figure 2).
  • Terminal 120 is wirelessly connected to RAN node 110.
  • RAN node 110 is wirelessly or wiredly connected to core network 200.
  • the core network equipment in core network 200 and RAN node 110 in RAN 100 can be different physical devices, or they can be the same physical device that integrates core network logical functions and radio access network logical functions.
  • Communication system 10 can be a cellular system related to the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), such as a 4G, 5G mobile communication system, or a future-oriented evolution system.
  • Communication system 10 can also be an open RAN (O-RAN or ORAN), a cloud radio access network (CRAN), or a wireless fidelity (WiFi) system.
  • Communication system 10 can also be a communication system integrating two or more of the above systems.
  • RAN node 110 sometimes also referred to as access network equipment, RAN entity, or access node, constitutes part of the communication system and is used to help terminals achieve wireless access.
  • Multiple RAN nodes 110 in communication system 10 can be of the same type or different types. In some scenarios, the roles of RAN node 110 and terminal 120 are relative.
  • network element 120i in Figure 2 can be a helicopter or drone, which can be configured as a mobile base station.
  • network element 120i accessing RAN 100 through network element 120i
  • network element 120i is a base station; but for base station 110a, network element 120i is a terminal.
  • RAN node 110 and terminal 120 are sometimes both referred to as communication devices.
  • base stations 110a and 110b in Figure 2 can be understood as communication devices with base station functions
  • network elements 120a-120j can be understood as communication devices with terminal functions.
  • the RAN node can be a base station, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB), an access point (AP), a transmission reception point (TRP), a next-generation NodeB (gNB), a base station in a future communication network, or an access node in a WiFi system.
  • the RAN node can be a macro base station (as shown in Figure 2, 110a), a micro base station or indoor station (as shown in Figure 2, 110b), a relay node or donor node, or a radio controller in a CRAN scenario.
  • the RAN node can also be a server, wearable device, vehicle, or in-vehicle equipment.
  • the access network equipment in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology can be a roadside unit (RSU).
  • All or part of the functions of the RAN node in this application can also be implemented through software functions running on hardware, or through virtualization functions instantiated on a platform (e.g., a cloud platform).
  • the RAN node can also be equipped with communication modules, circuits, or chips that perform corresponding communication functions.
  • the RAN node can also be configured with program instructions for performing corresponding communication functions, as well as corresponding program instructions.
  • the RAN node in this application can also be a logical node, logical module, or software capable of implementing all or part of the RAN node's functions.
  • RAN nodes collaborate to assist the terminal in achieving wireless access, with each RAN node performing a portion of the base station's functions.
  • RAN nodes can be central units (CUs), distributed units (DUs), CU-control plane (CPs), CU-user plane (UPs), or radio units (RUs).
  • CUs and DUs can be separate entities or included in the same network element, such as a baseband unit (BBU).
  • RUs can be included in radio frequency equipment or radio frequency units, such as remote radio units (RRUs), active antenna units (AAUs), or remote radio heads (RRHs).
  • RRUs remote radio units
  • AAUs active antenna units
  • RRHs remote radio heads
  • CU or CU-CP and CU-UP
  • DU or RU
  • RU may have different names, but those skilled in the art will understand their meaning.
  • CU can also be called O-CU (Open CU)
  • DU can also be called O-DU
  • CU-CP can also be called O-CU-CP
  • CU-UP can also be called O-CU-UP
  • RU can also be called O-RU.
  • this application uses CU, CU-CP, CU-UP, DU, and RU as examples.
  • Any of the units among CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU, and RU in this application can be implemented through software modules, hardware modules, or a combination of software and hardware modules.
  • the CU and DU of a RAN node can be flexibly deployed on satellites or the ground without restriction.
  • both CU and DU are deployed on satellites.
  • CU is deployed on the ground, and DU is deployed on satellites.
  • the access network device 110 can be deployed on the ground as part of a terrestrial network, communicating with the data network through the core network.
  • the communication system 10 provided in this application may also include a relay device deployed on a flight platform or satellite, which acts as a Layer 1 relay, regenerating physical layer signals and forwarding them to terminal devices or access network devices.
  • the access network device 110 can be deployed on a flight platform or satellite to realize the function of a ground station, communicate directly with the core network, and communicate with the data network through the core network.
  • the access network device 110 can be deployed on a flight platform or a satellite. Furthermore, there is an inter-satellite link (ISL) between access network devices mounted on different flight platforms or satellites, through which the access network devices can communicate.
  • ISL inter-satellite link
  • the access network device 110 may include a DU deployed on a flight platform or satellite and a CU deployed on the ground.
  • the DU deployed on the flight platform or satellite communicates with the CU deployed on the ground via a FI interface.
  • the CU deployed on the ground communicates with the core network and, through the core network, with the data network.
  • a terminal can be a device or module that accesses the aforementioned communication system and has corresponding communication functions.
  • a terminal can also be called a terminal device, user equipment (UE), mobile station, mobile terminal, etc.
  • Terminals can be widely used in various scenarios, such as device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), Internet of Things (IoT), virtual reality, augmented reality, industrial control, autonomous driving, telemedicine, smart grids, smart furniture, smart offices, smart wearables, smart transportation, smart cities, etc.
  • D2D device-to-device
  • V2X vehicle-to-everything
  • MTC machine-type communication
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • virtual reality augmented reality
  • industrial control autonomous driving
  • telemedicine smart grids, smart furniture, smart offices, smart wearables, smart transportation, smart cities, etc.
  • Terminals can be mobile phones, tablets, computers with wireless transceiver capabilities, wearable devices, vehicles, drones, helicopters, airplanes, ships, robots, robotic arms, smart home devices, transportation vehicles with wireless communication capabilities, communication modules, etc.
  • the embodiments of this application do not limit the device form of the terminal.
  • a terminal typically contains a communication module, circuit, or chip that performs the corresponding communication function.
  • the terminal can also be configured with program instructions for performing the corresponding communication function.
  • Figures 2-6) are merely examples.
  • the system can include more or fewer devices, or other networking methods, without limitation.
  • Figure 7A shows another example system architecture.
  • Terminals access base stations deployed on satellites via a new air interface.
  • Base stations on satellites can communicate with each other via the Xn interface to complete signaling interaction and user data transmission.
  • Base stations and the core network can communicate via the NG interface to exchange non-access stratum (NAS) signaling and user service data.
  • NAS non-access stratum
  • Figure 7B illustrates an example of beam indication based on TCI in NR.
  • the base station sends a state list to the terminal. For example, it sends a TCI state list.
  • This state list may include one or more TCI states.
  • the terminal can measure a reference signal from the base station and report the measurement results to the base station. Based on these measurement results, the base station can send a TCI state indication (or simply state indication) to the terminal. For example, the base station indicates TCI state B to the terminal, instructing the terminal to switch or update to use the beam corresponding to TCI state B.
  • the terminal After receiving the status indication, the terminal can perform a TCI status update based on the indication to update or switch the beam it is using. Before using a new beam, the terminal needs to activate the TCI status corresponding to the new beam.
  • the base station After sending a status indication indicating TCI status j, the base station sends an SSB to the terminal, and the terminal performs time-frequency synchronization (or simply synchronization) based on the SSB.
  • time-frequency synchronization can also be understood as performing time/frequency tracking.
  • the terminal By receiving the SSB for the beam, the terminal performs time-frequency synchronization tracking for the TCI status j corresponding to that beam.
  • time-frequency synchronization tracking please refer to relevant technologies; this will not be elaborated upon here.
  • the terminal can activate the TCI state B indicated by the base station by performing time-frequency synchronization. After activating TCI state B, the terminal can use the new beam corresponding to TCI state B for communication. It is evident that in this scheme, the terminal must wait to receive the SSB before activating the corresponding TCI state, resulting in relatively high latency.
  • the base station shown in Figure 7B can be deployed on a satellite. Due to the dynamic movement of the satellite, if the above scheme is used, it may lead to high latency and low communication efficiency in scenarios such as earth-moving.
  • embodiments of this application provide a communication method.
  • the communication method and apparatus of this application embodiments are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is understood that the embodiments of this application use network devices (such as base stations) and terminals as examples of the execution subjects of the interaction illustration, but the embodiments of this application do not limit the execution subjects of the interaction illustration.
  • the method executed by the network device in the embodiments of this application can also be implemented by modules (such as circuits, chips, or chip systems) in the network device, or by logical nodes, logical modules, or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the network device; the method executed by the terminal can also be implemented by a communication module in the terminal or by circuits or chips (such as modem chips (also known as baseband chips), or SoC chips containing modem cores, or SIP chips) in the terminal responsible for communication functions.
  • modules such as circuits, chips, or chip systems
  • logical nodes such as logical nodes, logical modules, or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the network device
  • the method executed by the terminal can also be implemented by a communication module in the terminal or by circuits or chips (such as modem chips (also known as baseband chips), or SoC chips containing modem cores, or SIP chips) in the terminal responsible for communication functions.
  • modem chips also known as baseband chips
  • Figure 8 illustrates an example flow of a communication method, which may include:
  • the terminal activates the first TCI state of the first TCI.
  • the first TCI state comprises one or more TCI states. Alternatively, it can be understood as the first TCI state being a set containing one or more TCI states.
  • the terminal activating the first TCI state can be replaced/understood as early activation, pre-activation, self-activation, autonomous activation, or automatic activation.
  • Early activation of the first TCI state means that the terminal activates the first TCI state before receiving the first information. In other words, the terminal does not need to wait for the SSB to activate the first TCI state after receiving the first information.
  • the terminal can perform time-frequency synchronization to activate the corresponding TCI state.
  • Activating a TCI state can be understood as activating the beam corresponding to that TCI state, or maintaining time-frequency synchronization with that beam. After activating a TCI state, the beam corresponding to that TCI state becomes available, and the terminal can switch to using that available beam.
  • time-frequency synchronization by the terminal please refer to relevant technologies; details will not be elaborated here.
  • Activating the TCI state can also be understood as the terminal setting the TCI state to an active state, or the terminal determining that the TCI state is an active state. These can be interchanged in the embodiments of this application and are not limited thereto.
  • the terminal can determine the first TCI state itself or based on instructions from the network device. For example, it can determine the first TCI state as the TCI state to which it may switch.
  • the method may further include: the network device sending a TCI status list to the terminal.
  • the network device sending a TCI status list to the terminal.
  • a satellite sends a TCI status list to the terminal, which indicates 100 TCI statuses.
  • the number of TCI statuses indicated by the TCI status list is merely illustrative.
  • a network device sends a radio resource control (RRC) signaling message, which may carry a TCI status list.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the terminal can activate the first TCI state in the TCI state list. As shown in Figure 9, the terminal activates TCI states B and C out of 100 TCI states (i.e., states B and C are the first TCI states). Taking TCI state B as an example, after activating TCI state B, the beam B corresponding to TCI state B becomes available. When there is a communication need, the terminal can use beam B to communicate with the satellite.
  • the method may further include: S201, the network device sends resource configuration information.
  • the terminal receives the resource configuration information, which is used to configure the resources of the reference signal.
  • the resources include, but are not limited to, time-frequency resources and port resources.
  • the terminal can obtain the resources of the reference signal, and accordingly receive and measure the reference signal, and report the measurement results (also called measurement information) for the reference signal.
  • reference signals include, but are not limited to, reference signals related to CSI-RS, SSB, or common downlink control information, without limitation.
  • the method may further include: S202, the network device sends a reference signal.
  • the terminal receives the reference signal.
  • the terminal can measure the reference signal and report the measurement result.
  • the reference signal is used to indicate that the terminal activates the first TCI state.
  • the terminal can determine whether it is in the first region based on the measurement result. If it is determined that the terminal is in the first region, the terminal activates a first TCI state.
  • the first region is an area where at least two beams of the network device overlap. Beam overlap can be an area where multiple receive beams (uplink beams) of the network device overlap. Alternatively, it can be an area where multiple transmit beams (downlink beams) of the network device overlap, without limitation.
  • first region in the first region can be understood/replaced as: located in the first region, or to be located in the first region, or adjacent to (geographically close to) the first region.
  • the terminal was previously located within the coverage area 1 of satellite beam A. Subsequently, as the satellite moves, the terminal determines, based on the measurement results of the reference signal from the satellite, the beam overlap area (marked by the area filled with diagonal lines) of the satellite's beams A-C. Based on this, the terminal knows it will need to switch to using beam B or beam C to communicate with the satellite. Therefore, the terminal can pre-activate TCI states B and C (examples of the first TCI state) in the TCI state list.
  • the terminal can determine whether it is located in the first region based on its own position and beam topology information.
  • the terminal can determine its own position based on at least one of the ephemeris information from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS).
  • GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
  • the terminal may also use other methods to obtain its own position, without limitation.
  • the terminal can receive beam topology information from network devices.
  • beam topology information can represent the layout, position, and relationships between beams.
  • beams A, B, and C are adjacent overlapping beams.
  • the terminal can activate TCI states B and C in advance.
  • the terminal can combine its own location, beam topology information, and reference signal measurement results to determine whether it needs to pre-activate the corresponding TCI state. For example, based on its own location and beam topology information, the terminal initially determines that it is located in the overlap area of beams B-D, but due to obstruction between the satellite and the terminal, the terminal may find through reference signal measurement that only beams B and C cover the terminal. In this case, the terminal can pre-activate TCI states B and C, but not TCI state D.
  • the embodiments of this application do not limit the way the terminal obtains whether it is located in the first region (beam overlap area).
  • the terminal can combine GNSS, ephemeris, and beam topology information to determine whether it is located in the first region.
  • the communication method provided in this application allows the terminal to determine whether it is in a beam overlap area and determine the beam that may be used next based on information such as GNSS, ephemeris, or beam topology before the network device sends the first information to indicate the second TCI state to be updated to. Based on this, the terminal can activate the corresponding TCI state in advance to reduce the TCI activation delay (e.g., by 160ms).
  • the above example of a terminal activating the first TCI state in the first area can also be triggered by other conditions. For instance, the terminal doesn't need to determine whether it's in the first area; a satellite or other network device can indicate the beam the terminal might use next, allowing the terminal to activate the corresponding TCI state in advance so that it can use the beam corresponding to the activated TCI state as soon as communication is needed. Alternatively, the terminal doesn't need to determine whether it's in the first area; as long as it can obtain the beam it might use next, it can activate the corresponding TCI state in advance. The terminal obtaining the beam it might use next can be achieved either by calculating it itself based on some information or by obtaining it from other devices.
  • the network device sends the first message.
  • the terminal receives first information, which instructs the terminal to update to the second TCI state.
  • the second TCI state is a TCI state in the TCI state list.
  • the terminal can activate at least a portion of the TCI states (such as the first TCI state) before receiving the TCI state indication from the network device.
  • the terminal can communicate based on the activated second TCI state when communication is needed. Therefore, in some situations, the terminal does not need to wait for the SSB from the network device to activate the TCI state after receiving the TCI state indication, which can shorten the TCI state activation time and thus reduce communication latency.
  • the method may further include: S204, the terminal performs a TCI state update to update to the second TCI state.
  • updating the terminal to the second TCI state can be achieved by the terminal updating or switching to the beam corresponding to the second TCI state.
  • the terminal uses beam A corresponding to TCI state A to communicate with the satellite.
  • the terminal switches to using beam B corresponding to TCI state B to communicate with the satellite.
  • the terminal after receiving the first information, performs a TCI state update (S204), which can be implemented as follows: immediately after receiving the first information, the terminal performs a TCI state update.
  • the terminal sends an acknowledgment message (ACK) to the network device, and then performs the TCI state update.
  • ACK can be used to indicate that the terminal has received the first information.
  • the first TCI state includes the second TCI state. That is, the network device instructs the terminal to update to a second TCI state that is already activated in the first TCI state; the second TCI state the terminal is to be updated to has already been activated.
  • This scenario where the terminal's second TCI state is already activated, can be referred to as Scenario A.
  • Scenario A in response to the first TCI state including the second TCI state, the terminal updates to the second TCI state.
  • the satellite sends a first message to the terminal, instructing the terminal to update to TCI state B.
  • the terminal After receiving the first message, the terminal performs a TCI state update to update to TCI state B (an example of the second TCI state).
  • TCI state B an example of the second TCI state.
  • the terminal since the terminal has already activated TCI state B in advance, after receiving the first message (indicating TCI state B), the terminal can promptly use the beam B corresponding to the updated TCI state B when communication is needed, thus improving communication efficiency.
  • a self-activation method is used, where the terminal activates the second TCI state to be updated to in advance (such as time-frequency synchronization tracking).
  • the terminal activates the second TCI state to be updated to in advance (such as time-frequency synchronization tracking).
  • TCI state B an example of the second TCI state
  • the effective time of the second TCI state is, for example, n + T HARQ + X.
  • n is the time to send or receive the first information
  • T HARQ is the time interval between the first information and the ACK
  • X can be a constant.
  • X is... slot length Slot length represents the duration corresponding to the three subframes.
  • the slot length can be replaced with other times, such as the duration corresponding to other numbers of subframes.
  • the effective time is n+X.
  • T L1-RSRP is the measurement time of the L1 layer reference signal receiving power (RSRP), such as the time for receiving beam scanning and alignment.
  • T Ouk takes a value of 0 or 1.
  • T first-SSB represents the time of the first SSB transmission after the terminal decodes the first information.
  • T SSB-proc represents the time of the terminal processing the SSB.
  • NR slot length represents the duration of a time slot. For example, in this formula... Other suitable durations can also be used, without limitation. It is evident that, in some cases, the TCI status taking effect earlier in the solution of this application's embodiments can improve communication efficiency.
  • the first TCI state does not include the second TCI state.
  • the second TCI state to which the terminal is to update has not been activated in advance.
  • the method may further include: the network device sending a first signal, the first signal including a synchronization signal block or a path loss reference signal, the first signal instructing the terminal to update to the second TCI state. Accordingly, the terminal receives the first signal.
  • the second TCI state not being activated in advance can be understood or replaced as: the second TCI state not being activated by the terminal before receiving the first information; or the second TCI state not being activated after the terminal receives the first information.
  • the scheduling period of the first signal may differ for different beams.
  • a beam with a larger coverage area may correspond to a longer period of CSI-RS. See below for specific implementation details.
  • the satellite sends a first message to the terminal, instructing the terminal to update to TCI state D.
  • the terminal Upon receiving this first message, the terminal performs a TCI state update to TCI state D (an example of a second TCI state).
  • TCI state D an example of a second TCI state.
  • the terminal after receiving the first message (indicating TCI state D), since the terminal has not activated TCI state D beforehand, it must wait for the SSB from the satellite to activate it.
  • Scenario B This scenario, where the second TCI state the terminal is waiting to update to has not been activated beforehand, can be referred to as Scenario B.
  • the terminal can also fall back to activating the second TCI state via SSB to meet beam update or switching requirements.
  • the method may optionally include: S203, the terminal sends second information, the second information being used to indicate the activation status of the first TCI state.
  • the network device receives the second information. For example, in Figure 9, after the terminal pre-activates TCI states B-C, it indicates to the satellite that the terminal has activated TCI states B and C.
  • S102 can be implemented as follows: the network device can send first information based on the activation status of the first TCI state. This can be understood as the network device indicating to the terminal the second TCI state to be updated to based on the terminal's already activated TCI states.
  • the network device can prioritize selecting the terminal's already activated TCI states from the TCI state list and indicate these TCI states to the terminal to reduce the latency of TCI state activation. For example, if the terminal has activated TCI states B-C in the TCI state list, the satellite can, based on a certain strategy, prioritize determining the second TCI state from TCI states B-C.
  • the satellite determines that the communication quality of beams B and C is good. Since the TCI states corresponding to beams B and C are both activated, the terminal can determine TCI state B as the second TCI state and instruct the terminal to update to TCI state B through the first information. As another example, after measuring the reference signal, the communication quality of beam B is better than that of beam C. Therefore, the satellite determines TCI state B as the second TCI state from the already activated TCI states B and C. In this way, the terminal can use beam B, which offers better communication quality. This improves the terminal's communication quality and, since the TCI state corresponding to beam B has been activated in advance, shortens the delay before the TCI state takes effect, thus improving communication efficiency.
  • network devices indicate inactive TCI states to terminals based on strategies such as beam resources. For instance, a terminal may have activated TCI states B-C, but no beam corresponding to TCI state B-C is available for the terminal. In this case, the satellite can indicate other inactive TCI states besides B-C to the terminal.
  • the network device can indicate the TCI state to be updated to to the terminal based on the activation status of the first TCI state. For example, the network device can prioritize indicating the TCI state that is already activated in the first TCI state. In this way, since the TCI state to be updated to (the second TCI state) indicated by the network device has been activated in advance, the terminal does not need to wait for the SSB to activate the second TCI state, which can reduce the latency of TCI state activation.
  • network devices can schedule SSBs for synchronization on demand based on the activation status of the first TCI state. For instance, in Figure 11, for scenario B above, the satellite sends a first message instructing the terminal to update to the TCI state D, which has not been activated beforehand. Furthermore, the satellite also sends an SSB to the terminal to activate TCI state D. Accordingly, after receiving the first message, since the TCI state D indicated by the first message has not been activated beforehand, the terminal waits for an SSB from the satellite to activate and update TCI state D.
  • the network device can schedule SSBs to the terminal on demand and in a timely manner. For example, the satellite can send an SSB immediately after sending the first information, or send an SSB at the same time as sending the first information, or send an SSB when it is determined that the second TCI state has not been activated in advance, or send an SSB after receiving an ACK from the terminal. It can be seen that compared with the fixed-period SSB sending in related technologies, in this scheme, the network device can flexibly determine the timing of sending SSBs in order to activate the corresponding TCI state in a timely manner and shorten the effective delay of the TCI state.
  • FIG. 12 shows a process example applicable to uplink communication. This process may include S201-S204, S102, and S301-S303. The implementation of S201-S204 and S102 can be referred to the description in other parts of this document. The following mainly describes steps S301 and S302 related to uplink communication characteristics.
  • the terminal activates the first TCI state.
  • the terminal performs time-frequency synchronization tracking to activate the first TCI state.
  • the terminal can also measure one or more path loss reference signals associated with the first TCI state. For example, the terminal receives an SSB via a beam and performs time-frequency synchronization tracking of the TCI state j corresponding to that beam.
  • the terminal receives the path loss reference signal (PL-RS) via that beam and measures the PL-RS to track the path loss condition of the TCI state j corresponding to that beam. Through path loss tracking, the terminal can obtain the path loss condition corresponding to the respective beam.
  • PL-RS path loss reference signal
  • the terminal can activate the first TCI state in advance and measure the reference signal associated with the first TCI state in advance, so as to shorten the time delay for the TCI state to take effect.
  • the terminal sends the activation status of the first TCI state and the maintenance status of the path loss reference signal.
  • the maintenance status of the road loss reference signal also known as the maintenance information of the road loss reference signal, can characterize one or more of the following: whether the road loss reference signal can be measured, or the measurement result of the road loss reference signal.
  • the terminal may send a third message indicating the maintenance status of the path loss reference signal.
  • the terminal may also send a second message indicating the activation status of the first TCI state.
  • the second and third messages may be carried in one or more messages.
  • the terminal can report the activation status of the first TCI state to the satellite: TCI states B and C have been activated.
  • the terminal can also receive path loss reference signals associated with beam B via beam B and path loss reference signals associated with beam C via beam C, and track path loss status for the TCI state B corresponding to beam B and the TCI state C corresponding to beam C.
  • Each beam is associated with one or more path loss reference signals.
  • the terminal can report the maintenance status of the path loss references associated with beams B and C to the satellite.
  • the method may further include S303, whereby the network device determines the first information based on the activation status of the first TCI state and the maintenance status of the path loss reference signal.
  • the path loss reference signal is used to measure the path loss value of the beam associated with the first TCI state.
  • the network device can determine that the TCI state is the second TCI state.
  • the terminal can maintain a road loss reference signal, which can be understood or replaced as: the terminal has the time and frequency information of the road loss reference signal, and obtains the corresponding road loss situation.
  • the TCI state B indicated by the satellite to the terminal via the first information has been activated in advance.
  • the terminal can immediately perform a TCI state update after receiving the first information, or as shown in Figure 13, the terminal can send a confirmation message and perform a TCI state update.
  • the solution of this application embodiment can shorten the delay for the TCI state to take effect.
  • the effective time of the second TCI state is, for example, as follows:
  • the meanings of the parameters in this expression can be found in the descriptions of other embodiments, and will not be repeated here.
  • It can also be replaced with other suitable durations, without restriction.
  • the effective time is...
  • T first_target-PL-RS can represent the time when the terminal receives the first path loss reference signal after decoding the first information.
  • T target_PL-RS can represent the time when the terminal receives the last path loss reference signal. For example, in this formula... 2ms can be replaced with other suitable durations without limitation. It is evident that, in some cases, the TCI status takes effect earlier in the solution of this application embodiment, which can improve communication efficiency.
  • the method may also include S304 (not shown in the figure), whereby the network device can schedule path loss reference signals on demand based on the activation status of the first TCI state.
  • the satellite sends a first message instructing the terminal to update to the TCI state D, which has not been activated in advance.
  • the satellite also sends an SSB to the terminal to activate TCI state D.
  • the satellite may also send one or more path loss reference signals associated with TCI state D to the terminal.
  • the terminal waits for the SSB from the satellite to activate the TCI state D. Furthermore, the terminal receives one or more path loss reference signals from the satellite, measures these path loss reference signals, and performs a TCI state update.
  • the network device can dispatch path loss reference signals to the terminal as needed and in a timely manner.
  • the network device can flexibly determine the timing of sending path loss reference signals in order to track the path loss status of the corresponding TCI state in a timely manner and shorten the effective delay of the TCI state.
  • This application also provides a communication method that can configure sparse and dense interleaved reference signals in the time domain to avoid resource waste caused by all reference signals being too dense in the time domain.
  • the sparse and dense interleaving of reference signals in the time domain can be understood or replaced as: the reference signals are not always dense in the time domain. For example, within a certain time period, a sparse reference signal in the time domain is sent. Then, within the next time period after a certain time interval, a sparse reference signal in the time domain is sent. Then, within the next time period after a certain time interval, a dense reference signal in the time domain is sent. As another example, within a certain time period, a sparse reference signal in the time domain is sent. Then, within the next time period after a certain time interval, a dense reference signal in the time domain is sent.
  • Figure 15 shows a process example. As shown in Figure 15, the process may include:
  • the network device sends a reference signal.
  • the terminal receives the reference signal.
  • the satellite transmits these 12 reference signals to the terminal on the corresponding resource, and the terminal receives these 12 reference signals on the corresponding resource.
  • Each set of reference signals may contain the same or different numbers of reference signals.
  • the periods of adjacent reference signals within each set must satisfy the first period; the time interval between two adjacent sets of reference signals must be greater than the time interval of the first period.
  • M and N are integers greater than 2.
  • the time interval between two adjacent sets of reference signals can be understood/replaced as the time interval between reference signals within different sets.
  • the time intervals between different sets of reference signals may be the same or different.
  • the period (time interval) between adjacent reference signals within a group is less than the time interval between reference signals between two adjacent groups.
  • the reference signal may be, but is not limited to, a reference signal related to CSI-RS, SSB, path loss reference signal or common downlink control information (common DCI), or a reference signal related to beam management, without limitation.
  • the time interval between intergroup reference signals can be the time interval between the first reference signal in two adjacent groups of reference signals.
  • FIG. 16(a) five sets of reference signals are illustrated by dashed boxes. Taking groups 1 and 2 as examples, the time intervals between the inter-group reference signals of groups 1 and 2 are as labeled. The time intervals between inter-group reference signals can also be characterized or calculated in other ways, as long as the time intervals between different groups can be represented or calculated.
  • the configuration of the period between adjacent reference signals within a group can refer to relevant technologies, such as a period of 4 time slots or 640 time slots.
  • the time interval between reference signals between group 1 and group 2 (as denoted as T1_12) may be the same as or different from the time interval between reference signals between group 2 and group 3 (as denoted as T1_23).
  • the time interval between intergroup reference signals is greater than the time interval between adjacent intragroup reference signals.
  • the period (time interval) between two adjacent sets of reference signals can be called the mother period
  • the period (time interval) T2 between adjacent reference signals within a group can be called the child period.
  • the satellite can transmit reference signals of Group 1 and Group 2.
  • the time interval T1_12 between the reference signals of Group 1 and Group 2 is relatively long.
  • the reference signal in Group 1 does not fill the entire T1_12 period. For example, after the second white-filled reference signal in Group 1 and before the first black-filled reference signal in Group 2, the satellite does not transmit reference signals during the T3 time period.
  • the M reference signals mentioned above include anchor reference signals, and there may be one or more anchor reference signals.
  • the anchor reference signal can be located at the first position among M reference signals.
  • the anchor reference signal is the reference signal with the earliest time-domain position among the M reference signals; that is, the first position is the earliest position in the time domain. "Earliest in the time domain" can be understood or replaced as: the earliest time-domain position.
  • the first position can be other positions, which are not limited in this application. As long as there is a corresponding time interval between different groups of reference signals, the position of the anchor reference signal that can reduce transmission overhead can be regarded as the first position in the embodiments of this application.
  • the anchor reference signal is the first black-filled reference signal among the five sets of reference signals (examples of M reference signals), which is the earliest time-domain position among the five sets of reference signals.
  • the anchor point reference signal may also be called the starting reference signal, and the name is not limited.
  • the network device can also send resource configuration information, which is used to configure the resources of M reference signals.
  • the network device can configure reference signals that are sparsely or densely interleaved in the time domain.
  • the terminal can receive reference signals on the corresponding resources.
  • the resource configuration information can also be used to configure the resources used to report the measurement results after the terminal measures M reference signals.
  • the network device can configure the resources of M reference signals through one or more resource configuration information. For example, it can configure one or more sets of resources for the M reference signals through one resource configuration information. Alternatively, it can configure the resources of all M reference signals through one resource configuration information to reduce signaling overhead.
  • the resource configuration information is used to configure the resources of M reference signals, which can be implemented as: configuring the resources of the anchor reference signal and the time interval (mother period) between two adjacent groups of reference signals.
  • the resource configuration information is also used to configure the time interval T2 between adjacent reference signals within a group.
  • the satellite configures the time-domain resources of the first black-filled reference signal, as well as the time interval (mother period) between two adjacent sets of reference signals.
  • the terminal can know the reception timing of the black-filled reference signal among the five sets of reference signals.
  • the satellite can also configure the time interval T2 between adjacent reference signals within a group. In this way, the terminal can know the reception timing of each reference signal in the five sets of reference signals.
  • the satellite can configure the number of white-filled reference signals with reference to relevant technologies.
  • the number configured is related to the number of beams being measured.
  • the more beams in the beam overlap area the more reference signals can be configured.
  • each of the N reference signal groups includes an anchor reference signal, which is located at the second position in its corresponding group.
  • the second position can be a possible time-domain position within the corresponding group, such as the earliest or latest time-domain position within the group. This application does not impose any restrictions on this.
  • the resource configuration information is used to configure the resources of M reference signals, including: resource configuration information for configuring the resources of the anchor reference signals.
  • the resource configuration information can also be used to configure the time interval T2 between adjacent reference signals within the group.
  • One possible implementation is to configure the resources of anchor reference signals for a portion of N sets of reference signals using a single resource configuration message.
  • resource configuration for N anchor reference signals can be achieved using multiple resource configuration messages.
  • a single resource configuration message can be used to configure the resources of anchor reference signals for all N sets of reference signals, thereby reducing signaling overhead.
  • the anchor reference signal within each group of reference signals is the first black-filled reference signal in that group.
  • the satellite can configure the resource location of the anchor reference signal within each group of reference signals using resource configuration information, enabling the terminal to receive all five anchor reference signals at the corresponding resource locations.
  • the satellite can also configure the time interval T2 between adjacent reference signals within a group. In this way, the terminal can determine the reception timing for each reference signal in the five groups of reference signals.
  • network devices can configure time intervals (parent periods) explicitly or implicitly.
  • the satellite can directly send the values of T1_12 between Group 1 and Group 2 reference signals, T1_23 between Group 2 and Group 3 reference signals, T1_34 between Group 3 and Group 4 reference signals, and T1_45 between Group 4 and Group 5 reference signals to the terminal.
  • the satellite can send one or more intermediate parameters to the terminal, which can then calculate the parent period value between the corresponding inter-group reference signals based on these parameters, such as, but not limited to, calculating the parent period according to Formula 1 below.
  • one reference signal can be used to measure a beam.
  • multiple reference signals can be used to measure a beam, without limitation.
  • the satellite transmits reference signals that are sparse and densely interleaved in the time domain, and the terminal receives and measures the reference signals in the corresponding time domain resources.
  • NTN NTN
  • the satellite when the terminal is located at point A, the satellite does not need to send a reference signal to instruct the terminal to measure adjacent beams because when beam A at point A serves the terminal, there are no other adjacent beams serving the terminal. Later, as the satellite moves, the terminal is located at point D in the adjacent beam overlap area. In this case, the terminal may switch to other beams; therefore, the satellite needs to send a reference signal through beam A so that the terminal can measure the adjacent beams of beam A. Subsequently, as the satellite moves, the terminal is located at point B (or C) in the beam overlap area, and the satellite will also send a reference signal so that the terminal can measure adjacent beams.
  • the satellite may not transmit a reference signal.
  • the terminal is likely to switch beams. Therefore, the satellite transmits a reference signal so that the terminal can measure the reference signal and learn about the status of adjacent beams (such as communication quality).
  • the network device can determine whether the terminal is located in or near a beam overlap area based on the terminal's location, and accordingly determine the timing for transmitting reference signals.
  • a satellite can determine whether the terminal is located in a beam overlap area based on the terminal's location and beam topology information.
  • the satellite does not need to transmit dense reference signals across the entire time domain. Instead, it only transmits reference signals when the terminal needs to measure adjacent beams, effectively reducing the number of reference signals transmitted and thus lowering transmission overhead. Consequently, the number of reference signals measured by the terminal is also reduced, lowering measurement overhead.
  • the network device determines the timing of the transmission of the reference signal, including: the network device determines the time interval (mother period) between two adjacent sets of reference signals.
  • the time interval (mother period) between two adjacent sets of reference signals is related to the size of the coverage area of the network device's (e.g., a satellite) beam. Therefore, the time interval between adjacent sets of reference signals differs for different coverage area sizes. A larger coverage area results in a longer time interval, and vice versa.
  • the size of the beam coverage area is related to the orbital altitude of the network device and the beam radius. In this embodiment, the beam radius can also be referred to as the beam position radius.
  • the beam well time increases with the increase of the beam radius. Furthermore, for the same beam radius, beams at higher orbital altitudes have longer beam well times.
  • the time interval (mother period) between two adjacent sets of reference signals is related to the size of the coverage area of the corresponding beam.
  • the time interval is related to the orbital altitude of the satellite when it transmits the beam, or the time interval is related to the radius of the beam.
  • the satellite or terminal may calculate the time interval based on at least one of the orbital altitude and the beam radius.
  • the time interval T1_12 between the reference signals of group 1 and group 2 is related to the size of the coverage area outlined in bold.
  • the distance the satellite moves within T1_12 is approximately equal to the diameter of the coverage area.
  • the beam coverage time corresponding to the coverage area enclosed in bold is approximately T1_12.
  • T1_12 is 4 seconds.
  • the time interval T1_45 between the reference signals in groups 4 and 5 is related to the size of the coverage area enclosed by the bold dashed line.
  • the distance the satellite moves within T1_45 is approximately equal to the diameter of the coverage area.
  • the beam coverage time corresponding to the coverage area outlined by the bold dashed line is approximately T1_45.
  • T1_45 is 3 seconds.
  • the time interval T1_45 between the reference signals in groups 4 and 5 is larger. That is, the time interval between the reference signals in groups 1 and 2 is sparser, while the time interval between the reference signals in groups 4 and 5 is denser, forming a sparse and dense interleaved reference signal pattern in the time domain.
  • the satellite transmits three reference signals for group 1. After T1_12, the satellite begins transmitting two reference signals for group 2. After T1_23 (not shown in the figure), the satellite begins transmitting two reference signals for group 3, and so on. The satellite begins transmitting the reference signals for the corresponding group at regular intervals of the mother cycle.
  • the time interval (mother period) of the reference signals between two adjacent groups is related to the size of the coverage area of the corresponding beam.
  • This allows for precise matching of the coverage areas of different beams and configuration of different mother periods for the reference signals.
  • This approach minimizes transmission overhead while meeting the measurement requirements of the reference signals.
  • the coverage area of beam B is larger than that of beam E. Consequently, the mother period (T1_12) between the reference signals of group 1 and group 2 is longer than the mother period (T1_45) between the reference signals of group 4 and group 5.
  • the mother period is related to the size (e.g., diameter) of the coverage area of the corresponding beam.
  • the beam coverage time of NTN in this scheme can reach the second level, which can realize the second-level reference signal transmission period and minimize the number of reference signals transmitted.
  • the time interval T between two adjacent sets of reference signals satisfies:
  • d represents the reference distance, which is related to the size of the coverage area of the network device's beam
  • R represents the Earth's radius
  • r represents the height of the network device
  • ⁇ is a constant.
  • r can be the orbital altitude of the satellite.
  • ⁇ is the Earth constant.
  • d is the diameter of the coverage area of the beam, or d slightly smaller than that diameter, without limitation.
  • the satellite configures intermediate parameters such as 'd' to the terminal, and the terminal calculates the time interval T (mother period) itself.
  • the satellite directly configures the value of T to the terminal.
  • steps in the method embodiments can be equivalently replaced with other possible steps.
  • some steps in the method embodiments may be optional and can be deleted in certain use cases.
  • other possible steps may be added to the method embodiments.
  • the methods shown in FIG8 and FIG15 can be implemented independently or in combination.
  • the mother period and the child period of the reference signal can also be configured so that the terminal can activate the TCI state in advance and reduce the transmission and measurement overhead of the reference signal in the process.
  • the terminal is in the beam overlap area of beams B and C, and the satellite indicates to the terminal the second TCI state to be updated: TCI state D, and the satellite sends an SSB to terminal group 1.
  • the terminal can activate TCI state D by receiving the SSB in time in the beam overlap area.
  • the terminal is located in the overlapping area of beams B and F.
  • the satellite indicates to the terminal the second TCI state to be updated (such as TCI state E), and the satellite also sends an SSB to the terminal group 2.
  • This process continues, with the time interval between two adjacent SSB groups depending on the size of the beam's coverage area.
  • the satellite transmits reference signals (such as CSI-RS, SSB, or path loss reference signals) according to the corresponding cycle (such as the aforementioned parent cycle and child cycle). This reduces the implementation complexity of the satellite.
  • reference signals such as CSI-RS, SSB, or path loss reference signals
  • the satellite may not transmit a reference signal in the corresponding parent cycle. Conversely, if the second TCI state has not been activated in advance by the terminal, the satellite may transmit a reference signal in the corresponding parent cycle. This reduces the overhead of transmitting reference signals by the satellite.
  • FIG18 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the communication device provided in this application embodiment.
  • the communication device 400 includes at least one processor 401, a memory 403, and at least one communication interface 404.
  • the processor 401 may be a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits used to control the execution of programs according to the present application.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • the communication device may include a communication line, which may include a path for transmitting information between corresponding components of the device.
  • Communication interface 404 uses any transceiver-like device for communicating with other devices or communication networks, such as Ethernet, RAN, wireless local area networks (WLAN), etc.
  • Ethernet Ethernet
  • RAN wireless local area networks
  • WLAN wireless local area networks
  • Memory 403 may be read-only memory (ROM) or other types of static storage devices capable of storing static information and instructions, random access memory (RAM) or other types of dynamic storage devices capable of storing information and instructions, or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, optical disc storage (including compressed optical discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile optical discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium capable of carrying or storing desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and accessible by a computer, but not limited thereto.
  • Memory may exist independently and be connected to the processor via communication lines. Memory may also be integrated with the processor.
  • the memory 403 stores computer execution instructions for implementing the scheme of this application, and the processor 401 controls the execution.
  • the processor 401 executes the computer execution instructions stored in the memory 403 to implement the method provided in the embodiments of this application.
  • the computer execution instructions in the embodiments of this application may also be referred to as application code, and the embodiments of this application do not specifically limit this.
  • processor 401 may include one or more CPUs, such as CPU0 and CPU1 in FIG18.
  • the communication device 400 may include multiple processors, such as processor 401 and processor 408 in FIG. 18. Each of these processors may be a single-core (single-CPU) processor or a multi-core (multi-CPU) processor.
  • a processor may refer to one or more devices, circuits, and/or processing cores for processing data (e.g., computer program instructions).
  • the communication device may include more or fewer components, or other component arrangements, without limitation.
  • the communication device may include a processor, implemented in hardware, or implemented by calling a program.
  • the communication device may include a processor and memory.
  • the communication device may include a processor and a communication interface.
  • the device in the embodiments of this application includes hardware structures and/or software modules corresponding to the execution of each function in order to achieve the above-mentioned functions.
  • the embodiments of this application can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed by hardware or by computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to exceed the scope of the technical solution of the embodiments of this application.
  • This application embodiment can divide the device/apparatus into functional units according to the above method examples. For example, each function can be divided into separate functional units, or two or more functions can be integrated into one processing unit.
  • the integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit. It should be noted that the unit division in this application embodiment is illustrative and only represents one logical functional division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.
  • the apparatus may include a memory and one or more processors.
  • the memory and processors are coupled.
  • the memory stores computer program code, which includes computer instructions.
  • the processor executes the computer instructions, the device can perform various functions or steps performed by the corresponding apparatus in the above method embodiments.
  • the structure of the device can be referenced to the structure of the device (communication device) shown in FIG18.
  • the core structure of the device can be represented as shown in Figure 19.
  • the device includes: a processing module 1301 and a storage module 1303.
  • the processing module 1301 may include at least one of a central processing unit (CPU), an application processor (AP), a communication processor (CP), or an AI processor, such as processor 401 and/or 408 as shown in FIG. 18.
  • the processing module 1301 may perform operations or data processing related to the control and/or communication of at least one of the other elements of the user communication device.
  • Storage module 1303 may include volatile memory and/or non-volatile memory.
  • the storage module is used to store at least one related instruction or data from other modules of the storage device. For example, it may be implemented as memory 403 as shown in FIG18.
  • a communication module 1305 (also referred to as a communication unit) is included to support communication between the device and other devices (via a communication network).
  • the communication module can be connected to a network via wireless or wired communication to communicate with other devices.
  • Wireless communication can employ at least one of cellular communication protocols, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-A Advanced, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Wi-Fi, or Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM).
  • Wireless communication may include, for example, short-range communication.
  • Short-range communication may include at least one of Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Near Field Communication (NFC), Magnetic Stripe Transmission (MST), or GNSS.
  • NFC Near Field Communication
  • MST Magnetic Stripe Transmission
  • GNSS Global System for Mobile Communications
  • This application also provides a chip system including at least one processor and at least one interface circuit.
  • the processor and the interface circuit are interconnected via lines.
  • the interface circuit can be used to receive signals from other devices (e.g., the memory of a communication device).
  • the interface circuit can be used to send signals to other devices (e.g., the processor).
  • the interface circuit can read instructions stored in the memory and send the instructions to the processor.
  • the communication device can perform the steps in the above embodiments.
  • the chip system may also include other discrete devices, and this application does not specifically limit this.
  • This application also provides a computer storage medium that includes computer instructions.
  • the communication device When the computer instructions are executed on the communication device, the communication device performs various functions or steps performed by the mobile phone in the above method embodiment.
  • This application also provides a computer program product that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the various functions or steps performed by the mobile phone in the above method embodiments.
  • the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways.
  • the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of modules or units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods.
  • multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another apparatus, or some features may be ignored or not executed.
  • the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.
  • a component shown as a unit can be one or more physical units; that is, it can be located in one place or distributed in multiple different locations. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.
  • the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.
  • the integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.
  • the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a readable storage medium.
  • This software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a device (which may be a microcontroller, chip, etc.) or processor to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this application.
  • the aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

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Abstract

一种通信方法及装置，涉及通信技术领域，方法包括：激活第一传输配置指示TCI状态；接收第一信息，所述第一信息用于指示终端更新至第二TCI状态。终端可在接收网络设备的TCI状态指示前，提前激活至少部分TCI状态(如第一TCI状态)。如此，一些情况下，若网络设备通过TCI状态指示进行指示的第二TCI状态已被终端激活，则终端可在有通信需求时，根据该已激活的第二TCI状态进行通信。可见，一些情况下，终端无需在接收TCI状态指示后，等待来自网络设备的SSB来激活TCI状态，能够缩短TCI状态激活的用时，进而降低通信时延。

Description

通信方法及装置
本申请要求于2024年6月14日提交国家知识产权局、申请号为“202410774257.6”、发明名称为“通信方法及装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种通信方法及装置。
背景技术
目前，可通过波束管理，管理终端与基站之间的波束，从而提升基站小区的覆盖，节约系统开销。在一些方案中，基站可向终端指示传输配置指示(transmission configuration indication，TCI)状态(state)，比如指示参考信号之间的准共址(quasi co-location，QCL)关系。这样，终端可根据参考信号之间的QCL关系，调整波束的指向，并使用调整指向后的波束进行通信。
由于TCI状态与终端通信使用的波束有关，基站通过向终端指示TCI状态可以指示终端通信使用的波束，可见，指示TCI状态的效率影响终端使用相应波束进行通信的效率。目前，亟待提出一种高效指示TCI状态的方法，以便及时指示终端通信使用的波束，提升终端与基站之间的通信效率。
发明内容
本申请提供通信方法及装置，用于提升通信性能，如提升通信效率。
为达到上述目的，本申请采用如下技术方案：
第一方面，本申请技术方案提供一种通信方法，该方法可以应用于终端侧，例如终端或终端中的通信模组，或终端中负责通信功能的电路或芯片(如调制解调(modem)芯片，又称基带(baseband)芯片，或包含modem核的片上系统(system on chip，SoC)芯片或系统级封装(system in package)SIP芯片)，以该方法应用于终端为例，在该方法中，终端激活第一传输配置指示的第一TCI状态；接收第一信息，所述第一信息用于指示第二TCI状态；响应于所述第一TCI状态包括所述第二TCI状态，更新至第二TCI状态。
采用本申请实施例的方法，终端可在接收网络设备的第一信息前，提前激活至少部分TCI状态(如第一TCI状态)。如此，一些情况下，网络设备通过第一信息指示的第二TCI状态已被终端激活，也就是说，激活的第一TCI状态包括第二TCI状态，此种情况下，终端直接更新至已激活的第二TCI状态。如此，终端可在有通信需求时，根据该更新后的第二TCI状态进行通信。可见，一些情况下，终端无需在接收第一信息后，等待来自网络设备的SSB来激活第二TCI状态，能够缩短第二TCI状态激活的用时，进而降低通信时延。
在一种可能的设计中，还包括：
发送第二信息，所述第二信息用于指示所述第一TCI状态的激活情况。
采用该方法，终端能够向网络设备上报第二信息，使得网络设备能够根据第一TCI状态的激活情况，向终端指示待更新至的第二TCI状态。比如，网络设备优先指示第一TCI状态中已激活的TCI状态，这样一来，在终端接收第一信息前，由于网络设备所指示的待更新至的TCI状态(第二TCI状态)已被终端提前激活，终端无需在接收第一信息之后等待SSB来激活第二TCI状态，能够降低TCI状态激活的时延。
在一种可能的设计中，还包括：发送第三信息，所述第三信息用于指示路损参考信号的维持情况。
采用该方法，终端能够向网络设备上报第三信息，使得网络设备能据此指示第二TCI状态。
在一种可能的设计中，还包括：发送肯定确认(acknowledge，ACK)，所述ACK用于指示终端接收到所述第一信息；
更新至第二TCI状态。
在一种可能的设计中，所述方法还包括：响应于所述第一TCI状态不包括所述第二TCI状态，接收第一信号，所述第一信号包括同步信号块或路损参考信号；所述第一信号指示所述终端更新至所述第二TCI状态。
采用该方法，第一TCI状态不包括第二TCI状态，意味着，终端待更新至的第二TCI状态未被终端提前激活，此种情况下，网络设备可以回退到通过发送第一信号激活终端的第二TCI状态，以满足终端的波束更新或切换需求。
可选的，不同波束对应的第一信号的调度周期不同。可选的，第一信号的调度周期与波束的覆盖区域的大小有关，或第一信号的调度周期与波束交叠区的位置有关。如此，终端能够在需要测量第一信号时及时地进行接收，并测量。
上述以第二TCI状态未被终端提前激活(第一TCI状态不包括第二TCI状态)，网络设备发送第一信号为例，在另一种可能的实现中，无论第二TCI状态是否已被终端提前激活，网络设备均可以按照相应周期(如上述母周期、子周期)发送第一信号(如SSB或路损参考信号)。
在另一种可能的实现中，所述激活第一传输配置指示TCI状态，包括：
在第一区域，激活所述第一TCI状态；所述第一区域是网络设备的至少两个波束产生交叠的区域。
采用该方法，终端可判断是否处于波束交叠区，并据此提前激活相应TCI状态，以降低TCI生效时延。
在另一种可能的设计中，还包括：
接收参考信号，所述参考信号用于指示所述终端激活所述第一TCI状态；
和/或，接收星历信息，所述星历信息用于指示所述终端激活所述第一TCI状态。
示例性的，终端基于参考信号或星历信息，确定可能切换至的一个或多个波束，并据此激活该一个或多个波束对应的第一TCI状态。
在一种可能的设计中，还包括：
接收网络设备的波束拓扑信息。可选的，波束拓扑信息，可以包括如下至少一项信息：波束的布局，位置，波束之间的关系。比如，波束A、B、C是临近交叠的波束。
在一种可能的设计中，还包括：
根据所述终端的位置以及所述波束拓扑信息，确定处于所述第一区域。
可选的，还可以采用其他方式确定终端是否在第一区域。比如，终端结合参考信号的测量结果，判断终端是否位于第一区域。
在一种可能的设计中，还包括：
接收参考信号，所述参考信号为M个；
在一种可能的设计中，所述M个参考信号包括N组所述参考信号；每组所述参考信号中相邻的参考信号的周期满足第一周期；相邻两组所述参考信号之间的时间间隔大于所述第一周期的时间间隔；所述M、N为大于2的整数。
采用该方法，通过子周期(第一周期)、母周期(相邻两组参考信号之间的时间间隔)嵌套的方式，无需全部参考信号的周期较为密集，既能保证参考信号的测量，又能降低参考信号的传输开销。
在一种可能的设计中，所述相邻两组所述参考信号之间的时间间隔与对应波束的覆盖区域的大小有关。
采用该方法，相邻两组间参考信号的时间间隔(母周期)与相应波束的覆盖区域的大小有关，可以精准匹配不同波束的覆盖区域，配置参考信号的不同母周期，能够在满足参考信号的测量需求的基础上，尽可能降低传输开销。
在一种可能的设计中，所述相邻两组参考信号之间的时间间隔T满足：
其中，d表示参考距离，d与所述网络设备的波束的覆盖区域的大小有关，R表示地球半径，r表示所述网络设备的高度，μ为常数。
可选的，还可以采用其他方式计算时间间隔T。比如，根据星历、波束拓扑信息，计算对应的时间间隔T，使得终端可在波束交叠区测量参考信号，在其他区域无需测量参考信号。
可选的，所述相邻两组参考信号之间的时间间隔与网络设备的波束的覆盖区域的大小有关，可以理解/替换为：所述相邻两组参考信号之间的时间间隔与波束交叠区的位置有关，或所述相邻两组参考信号之间的时间间隔与发生波束切换的时机有关。
在一种可能的设计中，还包括：
接收资源配置信息，所述资源配置信息用于配置所述M个参考信号的资源。
在一种可能的设计中，所述M个参考信号包括锚点参考信号；
所述锚点参考信号为一个，所述锚点参考信号位于所述M个参考信号中的第一位置；所述资源配置信息用于配置所述M个参考信号的资源，包括：所述资源配置信息用于配置所述锚点参考信号的资源以及所述相邻两组参考信号之间的时间间隔；
或，所述锚点参考信号为N个，所述N组参考信号中每组参考信号包括所述锚点参考信号，所述锚点参考信号位于对应的一组参考信号中的第二位置；所述资源配置信息用于配置所述M个参考信号的资源，包括：所述资源配置信息用于配置所述锚点参考信号的资源。
在一种可能的设计中，所述方法应用于非地面网络NTN。
第二方面，提供通信方法，该方法可以应用于网络侧，例如网络侧的接入网设备、接入网设备中的模块(例如电路，芯片或芯片系统或处理器等)、或者能实现全部或部分接入网设备功能的逻辑节点、逻辑模块或软件。以该方法应用于网络设备为例，在该方法中，网络设备接收第二信息，所述第二信息用于指示终端对第一传输配置指示的第一TCI状态的激活情况；发送第一信息，所述第一信息用于指示所述终端更新至第二TCI状态；所述第一TCI状态包括所述第二TCI状态。
在一种可能的设计中，所述第二TCI状态是基于所述第一TCI状态的激活情况确定的。
在一种可能的设计中，还包括：
接收第三信息，所述第三信息用于指示路损参考信号的维持情况；
所述第二TCI状态是基于所述第一TCI状态的激活情况确定的，包括：所述第二TCI状态是基于所述第一TCI状态的激活情况以及所述路损参考信号的维持情况确定的。
在一种可能的设计中，所述方法还包括：
响应于所述第一TCI状态不包括所述第二TCI状态，发送第一信号，所述第一信号包括同步信号块或路损参考信号；不同波束对应的第一信号的调度周期不同；所述第一信号指示所述终端更新至所述第二TCI状态。
在一种可能的设计中，还包括：
发送参考信号，所述参考信号为M个；
所述M个参考信号包括N组所述参考信号；每组所述参考信号中相邻的参考信号的周期满足第一周期；相邻两组所述参考信号之间的时间间隔大于所述第一周期的时间间隔；所述M、N为大于2的整数。
在一种可能的设计中，所述相邻两组所述参考信号之间的时间间隔与对应波束的覆盖区域的大小有关。
在一种可能的设计中，还包括：
发送资源配置信息，所述资源配置信息用于配置所述M个参考信号的资源。
在一种可能的设计中，所述M个参考信号包括锚点参考信号；
所述锚点参考信号为一个，所述锚点参考信号位于所述M个参考信号中的第一位置；所述资源配置信息用于配置所述M个参考信号的资源，包括：所述资源配置信息用于配置所述锚点参考信号的资源以及所述相邻两组参考信号之间的时间间隔；
或，所述锚点参考信号为N个，所述N组参考信号中每组参考信号包括所述锚点参考信号，所述锚点参考信号位于对应的一组参考信号中的第二位置；所述资源配置信息用于配置所述M个参考信号的资源，包括：所述资源配置信息用于配置所述锚点参考信号的资源。
在一种可能的设计中，所述方法应用于非地面网络NTN。
第三方面，提供一种通信方法，以应用在终端为例，终端接收第一信号，所述第一信号包括同步信号块或路损参考信号；不同波束对应的第一信号的调度周期不同；所述第一信号指示所述终端执行TCI状态更新。
采用该方法，第一信号(如SSB或路损参考信号)的调度周期不同，一方面，无需全部第一信号的周期较为密集，能够降低第一信号的传输开销。另一方面，以灵活的周期调度第一信号，能够满足第一信号的测量需求。
作为一种可能的实现方式，第一信号的调度周期与网络设备的波束的覆盖区域的大小有关。
第四方面，提供一种通信方法，以应用在网络设备为例，网络设备发送第一信号，所述第一信号包括同步信号块或路损参考信号；不同波束对应的第一信号的调度周期不同；所述第一信号指示所述终端执行TCI状态更新。
第五方面，提供一种通信方法。以应用在终端为例，终端接收参考信号，所述参考信号为M个；
所述M个参考信号包括N组参考信号；每组参考信号中相邻的参考信号的周期满足第一周期；相邻两组参考信号之间的时间间隔大于所述第一周期的时间间隔；M、N为大于2的整数。
示例性的，参考信号比如但不限于是CSI-RS、SSB、路损参考信号或公共下行控制信息相关的参考信号，或与波束管理相关的参考信号。
作为一种可能的实现方式，所述相邻两组参考信号之间的时间间隔与网络设备的波束的覆盖区域的大小有关。
第六方面，提供一种通信方法。以应用在网络设备为例，网络设备发送参考信号，所述参考信号为M个；
所述M个参考信号包括N组参考信号；每组参考信号中相邻的参考信号的周期满足第一周期；相邻两组参考信号之间的时间间隔大于所述第一周期的时间间隔；M、N为大于2的整数。
作为一种可能的实现方式，所述相邻两组参考信号之间的时间间隔与网络设备的波束的覆盖区域的大小有关。
上述以“为下行的参考信号设计子周期和母周期”为例，另一些实施例中，上行的参考信号也可参考设计子周期和母周期。相应的，方法可包括：
终端发送参考信号，所述参考信号为M个；相应的，网络设备接收参考信号。可选的，网络设备还可测量参考信号。示例性的，上行的参考信号例如但不限于探测参考信号(sounding reference signal，SRS)。
其中，所述M个参考信号包括N组参考信号；每组参考信号中相邻的参考信号的周期满足第一周期；相邻两组参考信号之间的时间间隔大于所述第一周期的时间间隔；M、N为大于2的整数。
作为一种可能的实现方式，所述相邻两组参考信号之间的时间间隔与网络设备的波束的覆盖区域的大小有关。
第七方面，提供一种通信装置，包括用于执行如本申请上述任一方面任一可能设计中方法的功能模块或单元或手段，该模块可由软件或硬件实现，或采用软硬件结合的方式实现。如包括处理单元和通信单元，不予限制。
第八方面，提供通信系统，包括上述任一方面任一可能涉及中设计的终端和上述任一方面任一可能涉及中设计网络设备。
第九方面，本申请技术方案提供一种通信装置，包括：处理器，被配置为用于执行上述任一方面任一设计的方法。
可选的，所述装置还包括所述存储器或通信接口。
所述通信接口与所述处理器耦合，所述通信接口，用于输入或输出信息。
所述存储器用于存储计算机程序，处理器，被配置为用于执行上述任一方面任一设计的方法，可实现为：用于执行存储器中存储的计算机程序，以执行上述任一方面任一设计的方法。
或者，处理器也可以是硬件实现的电路，如人工智能(artificial intelligence，AI)处理器，以提升运行速度。本申请不限制处理器具体的实现方式。
可选的，通信装置可以为整机设备，或设备中的模块，如芯片，芯片系统。
第十方面，本申请技术方案提供一种计算机可读存储介质，包括计算机指令，当计算机指令在设备上运行时，使得设备执行上述任一方面任一可能设计中方法。
第十一方面，本申请技术方案提供一种计算机程序产品，当计算机程序产品在设备上运行时，使得设备执行上述任一方面任一可能设计中方法。
第十二方面，本申请技术方案提供一种电路系统，所述电路系统包括处理电路，所述处理电路配置为执行上述任一方面任一可能设计中方法。该处理电路可实现为相应的电路组件，如实现为一个或多个处理器。再如实现为处理器和存储器。再如实现为处理器和收发器。
第十三方面，提供一种通信系统，包括上述任一方面任一可能设计中的终端和上述任一方面任一可能设计中的网络设备。
第十四方面，提供一种通信方法，包括：终端执行上述任一方面任一可能设计中的方法，以及网络设备执行上述任一方面任一可能设计中的方法。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的场景的示意图；
图2-图7B为本申请实施例提供的系统的架构示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的通信方法的流程示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的无需SSB激活TCI状态的场景示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的波束交叠区的示意图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的需SSB激活TCI状态的场景示意图；
图12为本申请实施例提供的通信方法的流程示意图；
图13-图14为本申请实施例提供的场景示意图；
图15为本申请实施例提供的通信方法的流程示意图；
图16为本申请实施例提供的场景示意图；
图17为本申请实施例提供的仿真结果的示意图；
图18、图19为本申请实施例提供的通信装置/设备/装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下实施例中所使用的术语只是为了描述特定实施例的目的，而并非旨在作为对本申请的限制。如在本申请的说明书和所附权利要求书中所使用的那样，单数表达形式“一个”、“一种”、“所述”、“上述”、“该”和“这一”旨在也包括例如“一个或多个”这种表达形式，除非其上下文中明确地有相反指示。
还应当理解，在本申请以下各实施例中，“至少一个”、“一个或多个”是指一个或两个以上(包含两个)。“以下至少一项(个)”或其类似表达，是指的这些项中的任意组合，包括单项(个)或复数项(个)的任意组合。例如“A，B或C中的至少一个”包括A，B，C，AB，AC，BC或ABC，“A，B和C中的至少一个”也可以理解为包括A，B，C，AB，AC，BC或ABC。术语“和/或”，用于描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系；例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B的情况，其中A、B可以是单数或者复数。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本说明书中描述的参考“一个实施例”或“一些实施例”等意味着在本申请的一个或多个实施例中包括结合该实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特点。由此，在本说明书中的不同之处出现的语句“在一个实施例中”、“在一些实施例中”、“在其他一些实施例中”、“在另外一些实施例中”等不是必然都参考相同的实施例，而是意味着“一个或多个但不是所有的实施例”，除非是以其他方式另外特别强调。
术语“包括”、“包含”、“具有”及它们的变形都意味着“包括但不限于”，除非是以其他方式另外特别强调。术语“连接”包括直接连接和间接连接，除非另外说明。
以下，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。
在本申请实施例中，“示例性地”或者“例如”等词用于表示作例子、例证或说明。本申请实施例中被描述为“示例性地”或者“例如”的任何实施例或设计方案不应被解释为比其它实施例或设计方案更优选或更具优势。确切而言，使用“示例性地”或者“例如”等词旨在以具体方式呈现相关概念。
另外，本申请所介绍的各个实施例中对于步骤的编号，只是为了区分不同的步骤，并不用于限定步骤之间的先后顺序。例如，获取资源可以发生在获取任务的数据之前，或者可能发生在获取数据之后，或者也可能与获取数据同时发生。
“发送信息”可以理解为一个设备向另一个设备发送信息，或者，也可以理解为设备内部的一个逻辑模块向另一个逻辑模块发送信息。例如，“接入网设备发送信息”可以理解为接入网设备向另一个设备(如终端)发送信息，或者，可以理解为接入网设备中的逻辑模块1向接入网设备中的逻辑模块2发送信息。
“接收信息”可以理解为一个设备接收来自另一个设备的信息，或者，也可以理解为设备内部的一个逻辑模块接收来自另一个逻辑模块的信息。例如，“接入网设备接收信息”可以理解为接入网设备接收来自另一个设备(如终端)的信息，或者，可以理解为接入网设备中的逻辑模块1接收来自接入网设备中的逻辑模块2的信息。
“向…(例如终端)发送信息”或者附图中的相关示意可以理解为该信息的目的端是终端。可以包括直接或间接的向终端发送信息。“从…(例如终端)接收信息”或者“接收来自…(例如终端)的信息”或者“接收(例如终端)发送的信息”，或者附图中的相关示意可以理解为该信息的源端是终端，可以包括直接或间接的从终端接收信息。信息在信息发送的源端和目的端之间可能会被进行必要的处理，例如格式变化等，但目的端可以理解来自源端的有效信息。本申请中类似的表述可以做类似的理解，在此不再赘述。
“指示”，可以是显式指示，或隐式指示。如A向B指示资源，可以是显式指示具体的资源，或通过指示资源的索引来隐式指示资源。
“用于”，可以是“专用于”，或“可用于”，不限“专用于”。比如，信息A指示xx，一些示例中，信息A专用于指示xx。另一些示例中，信息A除用于指示xx，还可指示其他，不予限制。
本申请实施例中的术语“系统”和“网络”可被互换使用。
首先，介绍本申请实施例涉及的一些技术术语：
1、波束管理
以新空口(new radio，NR)系统的波束管理为例，基站向终端发送参考信号，终端测量参考信号，并向基站上报测量结果。基站可根据终端对参考信号的测量结果，指示终端选择指定的波束进行通信。
目前，用于波束管理的信道状态指示参考信号(channel state indication reference signal，CSI-RS)的周期支持4-640个时隙(slot)的配置。具体配置的周期，与测量需求有关，例如信道变化的比较快，则将CSI-RS在时域上配置的更密集。
对于非地面网络(non terrestrial network，NTN)系统，卫星波束在地面的投影面积较大，相应的，波束可以提供较长时间服务，例如几秒钟。如图1，目前NR中周期最长的640slot的CSI-RS，最长周期只有640ms，远远没有达到NTN系统中秒级的测量需求。可见，目前的CSI-RS的配置周期无法满足NTN的测量需求。
2、TCI
目前，可基于TCI框架进行NR的波束指示。举例来说，高频和低频可各自有一套QCL配置。QCL配置中QCL的类型可包括typeA，typeB，typeC，或typeD。
参考信号可分为源参考信号和目标参考信号。源参考信号例如可以为同步信号块(synchronization signal block，SSB)或者CSI-RS，目标参考信号比如为CSI-RS，物理下行控制信道(physical downlink control channel，PDCCH)的数据解调参考信号(demodulation reference signal，DMRS)，或物理下行共享信道(physical downlink shared channel，PDSCH)的DMRS。
可选的，SSB可替换为同步信号/物理广播信道(synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel，SS/PBCH)。
本申请实施例中，参考信号，也可称为参考信道。本申请实施例提供一种通信方法，该方法可适用于NTN系统或与NTN系统具有类似特性的系统。图2为示出了一种可能的、非限制性的系统示意图。如图2所示，通信系统10包括无线接入网(radio access network，RAN)100和核心网(core network，CN)200。RAN 100包括至少一个RAN节点(如图2中的110a和110b，统称为110)和至少一个终端(如图2中的120a-120j，统称为120)。RAN 100中还可以包括其它RAN节点，例如，无线中继设备或无线回传设备(图2中未示出)等。终端120通过无线的方式与RAN节点110相连。RAN节点110通过无线或有线方式与核心网200连接。核心网200中的核心网设备与RAN 100中的RAN节点110可以分别是不同的物理设备，也可以是集成了核心网逻辑功能和无线接入网逻辑功能的同一个物理设备。
通信系统10可以为第三代合作伙伴计划(3rd generation partnership project，3GPP)相关的蜂窝系统，例如，4G、5G移动通信系统、或面向未来的演进系统。通信系统10还可以是开放式接入网(open RAN，O-RAN或ORAN)、云无线接入网络(cloud radio access network，CRAN)、或者无线保真(wireless fidelity，WiFi)系统。通信系统10还可以是以上两种或两种以上系统融合的通信系统。
RAN节点110，有时也可以称为接入网设备，RAN实体或接入节点等，构成通信系统的一部分，用以帮助终端实现无线接入。通信系统10中的多个RAN节点110可以为同一类型的节点，也可以为不同类型的节点。在一些场景下，RAN节点110和终端120的角色是相对的，例如，图2中网元120i可以是直升机或无人机，其可以被配置成移动基站，对于那些通过网元120i接入到RAN 100的终端120j来说，网元120i是基站；但对于基站110a来说，网元120i是终端。RAN节点110和终端120有时都称为通信装置，例如图2中基站110a和110b可以理解为具有基站功能的通信装置，网元120a-120j可以理解为具有终端功能的通信装置。
在一种可能的场景中，RAN节点可以是基站(base station)、演进型基站(evolved NodeB，eNodeB)、接入点(access point，AP)、发送接收点(transmission reception point，TRP)、下一代基站(next generation NodeB，gNB)、未来通信网络中的基站、或WiFi系统中的接入节点等。RAN节点可以是宏基站(如图2中的110a)、微基站或室内站(如图2中的110b)、中继节点或施主节点、或者是CRAN场景下的无线控制器。可选的，RAN节点还可以是服务器，可穿戴设备，车辆或车载设备等。例如，车辆外联(vehicle to everything，V2X)技术中的接入网设备可以为路侧单元(road side unit，RSU)。本申请中的RAN节点的全部或部分功能也可以通过在硬件上运行的软件功能来实现，或者通过平台(例如云平台)上实例化的虚拟化功能来实现。RAN节点中还可以设置有执行相应通信功能的通信模组、电路或芯片。RAN节点中还可以配置有用于执行相应通信功能的程序指令以及相应的程序指令。本申请中的RAN节点还可以是能实现全部或部分RAN节点功能的逻辑节点、逻辑模块或软件。
在另一种可能的场景中，由多个RAN节点协作协助终端实现无线接入，不同RAN节点分别实现基站的部分功能。例如，RAN节点可以是集中式单元(central unit，CU)，分布式单元(distributed unit，DU)，CU-控制面(control plane，CP)，CU-用户面(user plane，UP)，或者无线单元(radio unit，RU)等。CU和DU可以是单独设置，或者也可以包括在同一个网元中，例如基带单元(baseband unit，BBU)中。RU可以包括在射频设备或者射频单元中，例如包括在射频拉远单元(remote radio unit，RRU)、有源天线处理单元(active antenna unit，AAU)或远程射频头(remote radio head，RRH)中。
在不同系统中，CU(或CU-CP和CU-UP)、DU或RU也可以有不同的名称，但是本领域的技术人员可以理解其含义。例如，在ORAN系统中，CU也可以称为O-CU(开放式CU)，DU也可以称为O-DU，CU-CP也可以称为O-CU-CP，CU-UP也可以称为O-CU-UP，RU也可以称为O-RU。为描述方便，本申请中以CU，CU-CP，CU-UP、DU和RU为例进行描述。本申请中的CU(或CU-CP、CU-UP)、DU和RU中的任一单元，可以是通过软件模块、硬件模块、或者软件模块与硬件模块结合来实现。比如，RAN节点的CU、DU可以灵活的部署在卫星，或地面，不予限制。比如，CU、DU均部署在卫星。再如，CU部署在地面，DU部署在卫星。
作为一种可能的实现，如图3所示，该接入网设备110可以部署于地面，作为地面网络的一部分，通过核心网与数据网络通信。可选的，本申请提供的通信系统10还可以包括部署于飞行平台或卫星上的中继设备，该中继设备作为层1中继(L1 relay)，重新生成物理层信号并转发给终端设备或接入网设备。
作为另一种可能的实现，如图4所示，该接入网设备110可以部署于飞行平台或卫星，实现地面站的功能，直接与核心网通信，并可通过核心网与数据网络通信。
作为又一种可能的实现，如图5所示，该接入网设备110可以部署于飞行平台或卫星。此外，搭载于不同飞行平台或卫星的接入网设备之间存在卫星间链路(inter-satellite link，ISL)，接入网设备之间可以通过该ISL通信。
作为又一种可能的实现，如图6所示，该接入网设备110可以包括部署于飞行平台或卫星上的DU和部署于地面的CU。部署于飞行平台或卫星的DU与部署于地面的CU通过FI接口通信。部署于地面的CU与核心网通信，并通过核心网与数据网络通信。
终端(terminal)，可以为接入上述通信系统，且具有相应通信功能的设备或模组。终端也可以称为终端设备、用户设备(user equipment，UE)、移动台、移动终端等。终端可以广泛应用于各种场景，例如，设备到设备(device-to-device，D2D)、车物(vehicle to everything，V2X)通信、机器类通信(machine-type communication，MTC)、物联网(internet of things，IOT)、虚拟现实、增强现实、工业控制、自动驾驶、远程医疗、智能电网、智能家具、智能办公、智能穿戴、智能交通、智慧城市等。终端可以是手机、平板电脑、带无线收发功能的电脑、可穿戴设备、车辆、无人机、直升机、飞机、轮船、机器人、机械臂、智能家居设备、具有无线通信功能的运输载具、通信模组等。本申请的实施例对终端的设备形态不做限定。终端内通常设置有执行相应通信功能的通信模组、电路或芯片。终端内还以配置用于执行相应通信功能的程序指令。
图示的系统架构(如图2-图6)仅是示例。系统还可以包括更多或更少的装置，或其他组网方式，不予限制。例如，图7A示出了系统的又一示例架构。终端通过新空口接入部署在卫星上的基站。卫星上的基站之间可通过Xn接口通信，以完成基站之间的信令交互和用户数据传输。基站和核心网之间可通过NG接口通信，以交互非接入层(non-access stratum，NAS)等信令以及用户的业务数据。
图7B示出了NR中基于TCI进行波束指示的流程示例。基站向终端发送状态列表。例如发送TCI state list。该状态列表可包括一个或多个TCI状态。终端可测量来自基站的参考信号，并向基站上报针对参考信号的测量结果。基站可基于该测量结果，向终端发送TCI状态指示(可简称状态指示)。比如，基站向终端指示TCI状态B，以指示终端切换或更新至使用TCI状态B对应的波束。
终端接收状态指示后，该终端可根据该状态指示，执行TCI状态更新，以更新或切换该终端使用的波束。终端使用新的波束前，需激活新波束对应的TCI状态。在一些方案中，发送指示TCI状态j的状态指示后，基站向终端发送SSB，终端基于该SSB执行时频同步(可简称为执行同步)。执行时频同步，还可理解为执行时频跟踪(time/frequency tracking)。通过波束接收SSB，终端进行该波束对应的TCI状态j的时频同步跟踪。时频同步跟踪的具体实现可参见相关技术，本文不再赘述。
如此，终端可通过执行时频同步，激活基站指示的TCI状态B。激活该TCI状态B后，终端可使用该TCI状态B对应的新的波束进行通信。可见，该方案中，终端需等待接收SSB后才能激活对应的TCI状态，时延较高。
NTN系统中，图7B所示的基站可部署于卫星，由于卫星动态运动，若沿用上述方案，在诸如earth-moving等场景，可能导致较高时延，通信效率低。
为解决该技术问题，本申请实施例提供一种通信方法。下面结合附图对本申请实施例的通信方法及装置进行进一步介绍。可以理解的，本申请实施例中是以网络设备(如基站)和终端作为该交互示意的执行主体为例进行示意的，但本申请实施例并不限制交互示意的执行主体。例如，本申请实施例中由网络设备执行的方法，也可以由网络设备中的模块(例如电路，芯片或芯片系统等)、或者能实现全部或部分网络设备功能的逻辑节点、逻辑模块或软件来实现；由终端执行的方法，也可以由终端中的通信模组或终端中负责通信功能的电路或芯片(如modem芯片(又称基带芯片)，或包含modem核的SoC芯片，或SIP芯片)来实现。
图8示出了通信方法的一种示例流程，该流程可包括：
S101、终端激活第一TCI的第一TCI状态。
其中，第一TCI状态包括一个或多个TCI状态。或者，可以理解为，第一TCI状态是一个集合，该集合中有一个或多个TCI状态。
示例性的，终端激活第一TCI状态，可替换/理解为提前激活，或预激活或自激活(self-activation)或自主激活或自行激活。终端提前激活第一TCI状态，指终端在接收第一信息前激活第一TCI状态。换言之，终端无需在接收第一信息后等待SSB来激活第一TCI状态。
作为一种可能的实现方式，终端可执行时频同步，以激活相应的TCI状态。终端激活TCI状态，可以理解为，终端激活该TCI状态对应的波束，也可理解为，终端维持与该TCI状态对应的波束的时频同步。激活TCI状态后，该TCI状态对应的波束可用，终端可切换至使用该可用的波束。终端执行时频同步的具体实现，可参考相关技术，这里不再赘述。
终端激活TCI状态，还可以理解为终端将该TCI状态设置为激活状态，或者终端确定该TCI状态为激活状态，本申请实施例中可以相互替换，不予限制。
作为一种可能的实现方式，终端可自行，或基于网络设备的指示，确定第一TCI状态。比如，确定第一TCI状态为可能切换至的TCI状态。
可选的，如图8，该方法还可包括：网络设备向终端发送TCI状态列表。比如卫星向终端发送TCI状态列表，该列表指示100个TCI状态。该示例中，TCI状态列表指示的TCI状态的数目仅是示例。
示例性的，网络设备发送无线资源控制(radio resource control，RRC)信令，该RRC信令中可携带TCI状态列表。
终端可激活该TCI状态列表中的第一TCI状态。如图9，终端激活100个TCI状态中的TCI状态B和TCI状态C(即状态B和状态C为第一TCI状态)。以TCI状态B为例，激活TCI状态B后，TCI状态B对应的波束B变为可用状态，后续有通信需求时，终端可使用波束B与卫星通信。
可选的，如图8，该方法还可包括：S201、网络设备发送资源配置信息。相应的，终端接收资源配置信息，资源配置信息用于配置参考信号的资源。可选的，资源包括但不限于时频资源，端口资源。采用该方法，终端可获知参考信号的资源，并据此接收、测量参考信号，并上报针对参考信号的测量结果(也可称测量信息)。
示例性的，参考信号包括但不限于CSI-RS、SSB或公共下行控制信息(common downlink control information)相关的参考信号，不予限制。
可选的，仍如图8，该方法还可包括：S202、网络设备发送参考信号。相应的，终端接收参考信号。终端可测量参考信号，并上报测量结果。参考信号用于指示终端激活第一TCI状态。
一些实施例中，终端可基于该测量结果，判断终端是否在第一区域。若确定终端在第一区域，则终端激活第一TCI状态，第一区域是网络设备的至少两个波束产生交叠的区域。波束产生交叠，可以是网络设备的多个接收波束(上行波束)产生交叠的区域。或者，也可以是网络设备的多个发送波束(下行波束)产生交叠的区域，不予限制。
可选的，在第一区域，可理解/替换为：位于第一区域，或将位于第一区域，或临近(位置上接近)第一区域。
比如，图10中，终端此前位于卫星波束A的覆盖范围1内。后续，随卫星移动，终端根据来自卫星的参考信号的测量结果，确定当前位于卫星的波束A-C的波束交叠区(以斜线填充的区域标注)，终端据此获知将要切换至使用波束B或波束C与卫星通信。那么，终端可提前激活TCI状态列表中的TCI状态B、C(第一TCI状态的示例)。
或，另一些实施例中，终端可根据自身的位置以及波束拓扑信息，判断终端是否位于第一区域。终端可根据全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system，GNSS)，星历信息中的至少一项确定自身位置。终端也可采用其他方法获取自身位置，不予限制。
作为一种可能的实现方式，终端可接收来自网络设备的波束拓扑信息。
其中，波束拓扑信息，可以表示波束的布局，位置，波束之间的关系。比如，波束A、B、C是临近交叠的波束。
比如，终端根据GNSS或来自网络设备的星历，判断预测接下来将有多个交叠的波束(如图10的波束B、C)覆盖终端，则终端可提前激活TCI状态B、C。
或者，终端可结合自身的位置、波束拓扑信息和参考信号的测量结果，判断是否需要提前激活相应的TCI状态。比如，终端根据自身位置和波束拓扑信息，初步确定自身位于波束B-D的交叠区，但可能由于卫星与终端之间的遮挡，终端通过测量参考信号发现只有波束B、C覆盖终端。此种情况下，终端可预激活TCI状态B、C，而不激活TCI状态D。
本申请实施例不限制终端获取是否位于第一区域(波束交叠区)的方式，如终端可结合GNSS，星历，以及波束拓扑信息，判断是否处于第一区域。
考虑到NTN中诸如波束拓扑，卫星运动等特性，本申请实施例提供的通信方法，在网络设备发送第一信息，向终端指示待更新至的第二TCI状态之前，终端可基于诸如GNSS、星历或波束拓扑信息，判断处于波束交叠区，并判断接下来可能采用的波束。终端可据此，提前激活相应TCI状态，以降低TCI生效时延(如可降低160ms的时延)。
上述以终端在第一区域激活第一TCI状态为例，还可以通过其他条件触发终端激活第一TCI状态。比如，终端无需判断是否位于第一区域，卫星或其他网络设备向终端指示终端接下来可能使用的波束，终端据此提前激活相应TCI状态，以便有通信需求时可尽快使用被激活TCI状态对应的波束。再如，终端无需判断自身是否位于第一区域，只要终端能获取接下来可能使用的波束，就可以据此提前激活相应TCI状态。终端获取接下来可能使用的波束，可以实现为：自身基于一些信息计算得到，或从其他设备获取。
S102、网络设备发送第一信息。
相应的，终端接收第一信息，第一信息用于指示终端更新至第二TCI状态。第二TCI状态为TCI状态列表中的TCI状态。
采用本申请实施例的方法，终端可在接收网络设备的TCI状态指示前，提前激活至少部分TCI状态(如第一TCI状态)。如此，一些情况下，若网络设备通过TCI状态指示进行指示的第二TCI状态已被终端激活，则终端可在有通信需求时，根据该已激活的第二TCI状态进行通信。可见，一些情况下，终端无需在接收TCI状态指示后，等待来自网络设备的SSB来激活TCI状态，能够缩短TCI状态激活的用时，进而降低通信时延。
可选的，如图8，该方法还可包括：S204、终端执行TCI状态更新，以更新至第二TCI状态。
作为一种可能的实现方式，终端更新至第二TCI状态，可实现为：终端更新或切换至第二TCI状态对应的波束。比如，终端使用TCI状态A对应的波束A与卫星通信。之后，采用本申请实施例的方案，终端切换至使用TCI状态B对应的波束B与卫星通信。
可选的，终端接收该第一信息后，执行TCI状态更新(S204)，可以实现为：接收该第一信息后，立即执行TCI状态更新。或实现为：终端接收该第一信息后，向网络设备发送确认消息(ACK)，之后，终端执行TCI状态更新。该ACK可用于指示终端接收到该第一信息。
一些场景中，第一TCI状态包括第二TCI状态。也就是说，网络设备指示终端更新至的第二TCI状态属于已提前激活的第一TCI状态，终端待更新至的第二TCI状态已被提前激活。终端待更新至的第二TCI状态已被提前激活的场景，可称为场景A。该场景A中，响应于第一TCI状态包括第二TCI状态，终端更新至第二TCI状态。
比如，图9中，卫星向终端发送第一信息，以指示终端更新至TCI状态B。终端接收该第一信息后，执行TCI状态更新，以更新至TCI状态B(第二TCI状态的一个示例)。如图9，由于终端已提前激活该TCI状态B，终端接收该第一信息(指示TCI状态B)后，可在有通信需求时，及时使用经更新的TCI状态B对应的波束B，提升通信效率。
对于场景A，采用自激活的方法，终端提前进行待更新至的第二TCI状态的激活(如时频同步跟踪)。如图9的一些示例中，卫星收到ACK，触发TCI状态B(第二TCI状态的一个示例)生效，第二TCI状态的生效时间例如为n+THARQ+X。其中，n是发送或接收第一信息的时间，THARQ是第一信息与ACK之间时间间隔，X可为常数。比如，X为slot length，slot length表示三个子帧对应的时长。示例性的，公式中的slot length可替换为其他时间，如其他数目子帧对应的时长。再如，生效时间为n+X。
而相关技术中TCI状态的生效时间为 N、THARQ、的含义可参考上段的相关描述。TL1-RSRP是L1层参考信号接收功率(reference signal receiving power，RSRP)测量的时间，比如是接收波束扫描，并对准的时间。TOuk取值为0或1。示例性的，当第二TCI状态不属于已激活的TCI状态，TOuk取值为1。当第二TCI状态属于已激活的TCI状态，TOuk取值为0。Tfirst-SSB表示终端解码第一信息后第一次SSB传输的时间。TSSB-proc表示终端处理SSB的时间。NR slot length表示一个时隙的时长。例如，该公式中的还可替换为其他合适的时长，不予限制。可见，本申请实施例的方案，一些情况下，TCI状态生效时间提前，能够提升通信效率。
另一些场景中，第一TCI状态不包括第二TCI状态。换言之，终端待更新至的第二TCI状态未被提前激活。此种情况下，该方法还可包括：网络设备发送第一信号，第一信号包括同步信号块或路损参考信号，第一信号指示终端更新至该第二TCI状态。相应的，终端接收第一信号。
第二TCI状态未被提前激活，可以理解或替换为：第二TCI状态未被终端在接收第一信息前激活；或终端接收第一信息后，第二TCI状态仍未被激活。
可选的，不同波束对应的第一信号的调度周期不同。例如，覆盖区域大的波束对应更长周期的CSI-RS。具体实现可参考下文。
如图11，卫星向终端发送第一信息，以指示终端更新至TCI状态D。终端接收该第一信息后，执行TCI状态更新，以更新至TCI状态D(第二TCI状态的一个示例)。如图11，终端接收该第一信息(指示TCI状态D)后，由于终端提前未激活该TCI状态D，终端需等待来自卫星的SSB来激活该TCI状态D。终端待更新至的第二TCI状态未被提前激活的场景，可称为场景B。
采用该方法，当第二TCI状态未被提前激活，终端也可以回退到通过SSB来激活第二TCI状态，以满足波束更新或切换需求。
一些实施例中，如图8，可选的，该方法还可包括：S203、终端发送第二信息，第二信息用于指示第一TCI状态的激活情况。相应的，网络设备接收该第二信息。比如，图9中，终端预激活TCI状态B-C之后，向卫星指示终端已激活TCI状态B、C。
一些示例中，S102可实现为：网络设备可基于第一TCI状态的激活情况，发送第一信息。可以理解为，网络设备可基于终端已激活的TCI状态的情况，向终端指示待更新至的第二TCI状态。可选的，网络设备可优先选择TCI状态列表中终端已激活的TCI状态，并向终端指示这部分TCI状态，以降低TCI状态生效的时延。比如，TCI状态列表中，终端已激活TCI状态B-C，则卫星可基于一定的策略，优先从TCI状态B-C中确定第二TCI状态。比如，卫星基于终端对参考信号的测量结果，确定波束B、C的通信质量均较好，由于波束B、C对应的TCI状态均已被激活，终端可从其中确定TCI状态B作为第二TCI状态，并通过第一信息指示终端更新至TCI状态B。再如，经测量参考信号，波束B的通信质量优于波束C。那么，卫星从已激活的TCI状态B、C中，确定TCI状态B作为第二TCI状态。如此，终端可使用通信质量更好的波束B通信，一方面，提升终端的通信质量，另一方面，由于波束B对应的TCI状态已被提前激活，进而能够缩短TCI状态生效的时延，提升通信效率。
又一些示例中，网络设备基于波束资源等策略，向终端指示未激活的TCI状态。比如，终端已激活TCI状态B-C，但没有TCI状态B-C对应的波束调给终端使用。此种情况下，卫星可向终端指示TCI状态B-C之外的其他未激活TCI状态。
采用该方法，网络设备能够根据第一TCI状态的激活情况，向终端指示待更新至的TCI状态。比如，网络设备优先指示第一TCI状态中已激活的TCI状态，这样一来，由于网络设备所指示的待更新至的TCI状态(第二TCI状态)已提前激活，终端无需等待SSB来激活第二TCI状态，能够降低TCI状态激活的时延。
一些示例中，网络设备可基于第一TCI状态的激活情况，按需调度SSB进行同步。比如，图11中，针对上述场景B，卫星发送第一信息，第一信息指示终端更新至未提前激活的TCI状态D。并且，卫星还向终端发送SSB，以激活TCI状态D。相应的，终端接收第一信息后，由于第一信息指示的TCI状态D未被提前激活，此种情况下，终端等待来自卫星的SSB，以激活并更新TCI状态D。
采用该方法，若网络设备通过第一信息指示的第二TCI状态未被提前激活，则网络设备可按需、及时地调度SSB给终端。比如，卫星在发送第一信息后，立即发送SSB，或发送第一信息的同时发送SSB，或确定第二TCI状态未被提前激活时发送SSB，或者在收到终端反馈的ACK后，发送SSB。可以看出，相比相关技术中的以固定周期发送SSB，本方案中，网络设备可灵活确定发送SSB的时机，以便及时地激活相应TCI状态，缩短TCI状态的生效时延。
本申请实施例的方案可应用于终端与网络设备之间的下行通信或上行通信中。可选的，对于上行通信的场景，可涉及功耗控制，因此可能需要知道上行通信的路损信息。如图12示出了可适用于上行通信的流程示例。该流程可包括S201-S204、S102、S301-S303。S201-S204、S102的实现，可参考本文其他部分的描述，如下主要对上行通信特性关联的步骤S301、S302进行介绍。
需要说明的是，上文是以波束A-C为下行波束为例，如下以波束A-C是上行波束为例介绍上行通信的流程。
S301、终端激活第一TCI状态。
终端执行时频同步跟踪，以激活第一TCI状态。作为一种可能的实现方式，上行通信中，终端除了对第一TCI状态进行激活，还可对第一TCI状态关联的一个或多个路损参考信号进行测量。示例性的，终端通过波束接收SSB，终端进行该波束对应的TCI状态j的时频同步跟踪。终端通过该波束接收路损参考信号(path loss reference signal，PL-RS)，测量路损参考信号，以跟踪该波束对应的TCI状态j的路损情况。通过路损情况跟踪，终端可获知相应波束对应的路损情况。
采用该方法，终端可提前激活第一TCI状态，以及提前测量第一TCI状态关联的参考信号，以缩短TCI状态生效的时延。
S302、终端发送第一TCI状态的激活情况和路损参考信号的维持情况。
路损参考信号的维持情况，也可称路损参考信号的维持信息，可以表征如下一项或多项：是否能测量到路损参考信号，或路损参考信号的测量结果。
作为一种可能的实现方式，终端可发送第三信息，第三信息用于指示路损参考信号的维持情况。终端可发送第二信息，第二信息指示第一TCI状态的激活情况。第二信息和第三信息可携带在一条或多条消息中。
比如，假设终端分别通过波束B、C接收了SSB，并对波束B对应的TCI状态B以及波束C对应的TCI状态C进行了时频同步跟踪，以激活TCI状态B、C。如图13，终端可以向卫星上报第一TCI状态的激活情况：已激活TCI状态B、C。
终端还可通过波束B接收波束B关联的路损参考信号，通过波束C接收波束C关联的路损参考信号，并对波束B对应的TCI状态B以及波束C对应的TCI状态C进行路损情况跟踪。其中，每个波束关联一个或多个路损参考信号。如图14，终端可以向卫星上报与波束B、C分别关联的路损参考的维持情况。
可选的，如图12，该方法还可包括S303、网络设备根据第一TCI状态的激活情况、路损参考信号的维持情况确定第一信息。
示例性的，路损参考信号用于测量该第一TCI状态关联的波束的路损值。
示例性的，终端能够维持TCI状态对应的路损参考信号，且该TCI状态已被提前激活，则网络设备可确定该TCI状态为第二TCI状态。
可选的，终端能够维持路损参考信号，可以理解或替换为：终端具备路损参考信号的时频信息，以及获得对应的路损情况。
一些场景中，卫星通过第一信息向终端指示的TCI状态B已被提前激活，此种场景下，终端可在接收第一信息后立即执行TCI状态更新，或如图13，终端可发送确认消息，并执行TCI状态更新。相比于相关技术中需要等待SSB触发执行TCI状态更新，本申请实施例的方案，可缩短TCI状态生效的时延。
对于该场景，第二TCI状态的生效时间例如为该表达式中各参数的含义可参考其他实施例的相关描述，不再赘述。比如，还可替换为其他合适的时长，不予限制。再如，生效时间为
相关技术中TCI状态的生效时间为n、THARQ、TL1-RSRP的含义可参考其他实施例的相关描述。Tfirst_target-PL-RS可表示终端解码第一信息后，接收第一个路损参考信号的时间。Ttarget_PL-RS可表示终端接收最后一个路损参考信号的时间。比如，该公式中的2ms还可替换为其他合适的时长，不予限制。可见，本申请实施例的方案，一些情况下，TCI状态生效时间提前，能够提升通信效率。
可选的，另一些场景中，该方法还可包括S304(未在图中示出)、网络设备可基于第一TCI状态的激活情况，按需调度路损参考信号。比如，图14中，卫星发送第一信息，第一信息指示终端更新至未提前激活的TCI状态D。并且，卫星还向终端发送SSB，以激活TCI状态D。并且，由于涉及上行通信，卫星还可向终端发送与TCI状态D关联的一个或多个路损参考信号。
相应的，终端接收第一信息后，由于第一信息指示的TCI状态D未被提前激活，此种情况下，终端等待来自卫星的SSB，以激活TCI状态D。并且，终端接收来自卫星的一个或多个路损参考信号，测量该一个或多个路损参考信号，并执行TCI状态更新。
采用该方法，若网络设备通过第一信息指示的第二TCI状态未被提前激活，则网络设备可按需、及时地调度路损参考信号给终端。本方案中，网络设备可灵活确定发送路损参考信号的时机，以便及时地跟踪相应TCI状态的路损情况，缩短TCI状态的生效时延。
本申请实施例还提供一种通信方法，可配置时域上稀疏、密集交错的参考信号，以避免全部参考信号在时域上过于紧密导致的资源开销浪费。参考信号在时域上稀疏、密集交错，可以理解或替换为：参考信号在时域上不总是密集的。比如，一段时长内，发送时域上稀疏的参考信号。间隔一定时长的下一段时长内，发送时域上稀疏的参考信号。间隔一定时长的下一段时长内，发送时域上密集的参考信号。再如，一段时长内，发送时域上稀疏的参考信号。间隔一定时长的下一段时长内，发送时域上密集的参考信号。
图15为一种流程示例。如图15，该流程可包括：
S401、网络设备发送参考信号。
相应的，终端接收参考信号。
其中，参考信号为M个，M个参考信号包括N组参考信号。可以理解为，M个参考信号分为N组，N组的每组包括一个或多个参考信号。以M＝12，N＝5为例，如图16的(a)，以虚线框示出了组1-组5五组参考信号，五组参考信号的总数为12。卫星在相应资源上向终端发送该12个参考信号，相应的，终端在相应资源上接收该12个参考信号。
每组参考信号包括的参考信号的数目可以相同或不同。每组参考信号中相邻的参考信号的周期满足第一周期；相邻两组参考信号之间的时间间隔大于第一周期的时间间隔。M、N为大于2的整数。相邻两组参考信号之间的时间间隔，可以理解/替换为：组间参考信号之间的时间间隔。不同组参考信号之间的时间间隔可以相同或不同。
也就是说，组内相邻参考信号之间的周期(时间间隔)小于相邻两组间参考信号之间的时间间隔。
示例性的，参考信号可以但不限于是CSI-RS、SSB、路损参考信号或公共下行控制信息(common DCI)相关的参考信号，或与波束管理相关的参考信号，不予限制。
示例性的，组间参考信号之间的时间间隔，可以是相邻两组参考信号中第一个参考信号之间的时间间隔。
如图16的(a)，以虚线框示出了五组参考信号，以组1和组2为例，组1和组2的组间参考信号之间的时间间隔如标注。组间参考信号之间的时间间隔还可以以其他方式表征或计算，只要能表示或计算出不同组之间的时间间隔即可。组内相邻参考信号之间的周期的配置，可参考相关技术，比如，周期为4时隙或640时隙。
示例性的，组1和组2之间参考信号的时间间隔(如记作T1_12)与组2和组3之间参考信号的时间间隔(如记作T1_23)相同或不同。
如图16的(a)，组间参考信号之间的时间间隔大于组内相邻参考信号之间的时间间隔。
本申请实施例中，可以将相邻两组参考信号间的周期(时间间隔)称为母周期，将组内相邻参考信号之间的周期(时间间隔)T2称为子周期。通过子周期、母周期嵌套的方式，可形成在时域上稀疏、密集交错的参考信号。
仍如图16的(a)，以组1和组2的参考信号为例，卫星可发送组1的参考信号和组2的参考信号。其中，组1和组2参考信号间的时间间隔T1_12较大。在T1_12内，组1内的参考信号并未占满T1_12。比如，在组1内第二个白色填充的参考信号之后，组2的第一个黑色填充的参考信号之前，T3时段内，卫星不发送参考信号。
采用该方法，相比于图16的(b)中，卫星按照固定周期、时域上紧密地发送参考信号(T3时段内也发送)，图16的(a)所示示例的方案，卫星发送时域上稀疏、密集交错的参考信号，参考信号的发送时机更为灵活，且能够降低传输开销。
一些实施例中，上述M个参考信号包括锚点参考信号，锚点参考信号可以是一个或多个。
以锚点参考信号为一个为例，锚点参考信号可以位于M个参考信号中的第一位置。示例性的，锚点参考信号是M个参考信号中时域位置最靠前的参考信号，也就是，第一位置是时域最靠前的位置。时域最靠前，可以理解或替换为：时域位置最早。或者，第一位置还可是其他位置，本申请在此不做限制。只要不同组参考信号间有相应的时间间隔，能降低传输开销的锚点参考信号的位置，均可视为本申请实施例中的第一位置。
仍如图16的(a)，锚点参考信号为：五组参考信号(M个参考信号的示例)中第一个黑色填充的参考信号，该参考信号是五组参考信号中时域位置最早的。
本申请实施例中，锚点参考信号，还可称起始参考信号，不予限制名称。
可选的，S401之前，网络设备还可发送资源配置信息，资源配置信息用于配置M个参考信号的资源。如此，网络设备可配置时域上稀疏、密集交错的参考信号。相应的，终端可在相应资源上接收参考信号。
可选的，资源配置信息，还可用于配置终端测量M个参考信号后，用于上报测量结果的资源。
可选的，网络设备可通过一个或多个资源配置信息，配置M个参考信号的资源。比如，通过一个资源配置信息，配置M个参考信号中一组或多组的资源。再如，通过一个资源配置信息，配置M个参考信号的资源，以降低信令开销。
以锚点参考信号是一个为例，可选的，资源配置信息用于配置M个参考信号的资源，可实现为：用于配置锚点参考信号的资源以及相邻两组参考信号之间的时间间隔(母周期)。可选的，资源配置信息还用于配置组内相邻参考信号之间的时间间隔T2。
示例性的，仍如图16的(a)，卫星配置第一个黑色填充的参考信号的时域资源，以及相邻两组参考信号之间的时间间隔(母周期)。如此，终端可获知五组参考信号中黑色填充的参考信号的接收时机。卫星还可配置组内相邻参考信号之间的时间间隔T2。如此，终端可获知五组参考信号中每个参考信号的接收时机。
可选的，卫星可参考相关技术配置白色填充参考信号的数目。比如，配置的数目与测量的波束数目有关。再如，波束交叠区的波束数目越多，则可能配置的参考信号的数目越多。
另一些示例中，锚点参考信号为N个，也就是，锚点参考信号的数量与参考信号的组数相同，N组参考信号中每组参考信号包括锚点参考信号，锚点参考信号位于对应的一组参考信号中的第二位置。可选的，第二位置可以是相应组内可能的时域位置，例如是相应组内时域上最靠前的位置，或是组内最靠后的时域位置，本申请在此不做限制。
以锚点参考信号为N个为例，资源配置信息用于配置M个参考信号的资源，包括：资源配置信息用于配置锚点参考信号的资源。可选的，资源配置信息还可用于配置组内相邻参考信号之间的时间间隔T2。
作为一种可能的实现方式，通过一个资源配置信息，配置N组参考信号中部分组的锚点参考信号的资源。如此，可通过多个资源配置信息，实现对N个锚点参考信号的资源配置。再如，通过一个资源配置信息，配置N组全部参考信号的锚点参考信号的资源，以降低信令开销。
仍以图16为例，每组参考信号内的锚点参考信号为该组内的第一个黑色填充的参考信号。卫星可通过资源配置信息配置每组参考信号内的锚点参考信号的资源位置，以使得终端在相应资源位置接收五个锚点参考信号。卫星还可配置组内相邻参考信号之间的时间间隔T2。如此，终端可获知五组参考信号中每个参考信号的接收时机。
可选的，网络设备可以通过显式或隐式方式配置时间间隔(母周期)。如卫星直接将组1和组2参考信号之间的T1_12的值、组2和组3参考信号之间的T1_23的值、组3和组4参考信号之间的T1_34的值，以及组4和组5参考信号之间的T1_45的值发送给终端。或，卫星向终端发送一个或多个中间参数，终端可基于该一个或多个中间参数，自行计算相应组间参考信号之间的母周期的值，比如但不限于根据下文的公式1计算母周期。
示例性的，一个参考信号可用来测量一个波束。或多个参考信号用来测量一个波束，不予限制。
S402、终端测量参考信号。
仍如图16的(a)，卫星发送时域上稀疏、密集交错的参考信号，终端在相应时域资源上接收参考信号，并测量参考信号。
NTN中，仍如图16的(a)，终端位于点A时，卫星没有必要发送参考信号来指示终端测量邻波束，因为A点所在波束A服务终端时，并没有其他相邻波束为终端服务。之后，随卫星运动，终端位于临近波束交叠区的点D。此种情况下，终端可能切换至其他波束，因此，卫星需通过波束A发送参考信号，以使得终端测量波束A的相邻波束。之后，随卫星运动，终端位于波束交叠区中的B(或C)点，卫星也会发送参考信号，以使得终端测量相邻波束。
由上述分析，结合NTN信道具有视距(line of sight，LOS)特性，一些场景中，比如当终端并非位于波束交叠区，或并非临近波束交叠区，由于通常不会发生波束切换，终端没有测量相邻波束的需求，因此，卫星可以不发送参考信号。另一些场景中，比如终端临近波束交叠区，或位于波束交叠区，由于终端很可能切换波束，因此，卫星发送参考信号，以便终端能够测量参考信号，获知相邻波束的情况(如通信质量)。
在一些实施例中，网络设备可根据终端的位置，判断终端是否位于波束交叠区或临近波束交叠区，并据此确定下发参考信号的时机。比如，卫星根据终端的位置和波束拓扑信息，判断终端是否位于波束交叠区。
采用该方法，卫星无需在整个时域上发送密集的参考信号，而是在终端有测量相邻波束需求的情况下才下发参考信号，能够有效减少参考信号的发送数目，进而降低传输开销。相应的，终端测量的参考信号也减少，能降低测量开销。
如下，对网络设备确定参考信号的下发时机的方式进行介绍：
作为一种可能的实现方式，网络设备确定参考信号的下发时机，包括：网络设备确定相邻两组参考信号之间的时间间隔(母周期)。
其中，相邻两组参考信号之间的时间间隔(母周期)与网络设备(如卫星)的波束的覆盖区域的大小有关。因此，对于波束的不同覆盖区域大小，相邻两组间参考信号的时间间隔不同。覆盖区域越大，时间间隔越长。反之，覆盖区域越小，时间间隔越短。其中，波束覆盖区域的大小与网络设备的轨道高度，以及波束半径关联。本申请实施例中，波束半径还可称为波位半径。
如图17，随着波束半径的增大，波束覆盖时间(beam dewell time)也随之增大。并且，同样的波束半径下，轨道高度较高的波束，其波束覆盖时间更长。
可选的，相邻两组间参考信号的时间间隔(母周期)与相应波束的覆盖区域的大小有关，可理解/替换为：该时间间隔与卫星发该波束时的轨道高度有关，或该时间间隔与该波束的半径有关。示例性的，卫星或终端可基于轨道高度、波束半径中的至少一项，计算该时间间隔。
仍如图16的(a)，组1与组2之间参考信号之间的时间间隔T1_12，与加粗实线的覆盖区域的大小有关。一些示例中，卫星在T1_12内移动的距离近似等于该覆盖区域的直径。或者说，加粗实线框出的覆盖区域对应的波束覆盖时间近似为T1_12。示例性的，T1_12为4s。
类似的，组4和组5之间参考信号之间的时间间隔T1_45，与加粗虚线框出的覆盖区域的大小有关。一些示例中，卫星在T1_45内移动的距离近似等于该覆盖区域的直径。或者说，加粗虚线的覆盖区域对应的波束覆盖时间近似为T1_45。示例性的，T1_45为3s。相比于组1与组2之间参考信号之间的时间间隔T1_12，组4和组5之间参考信号之间的时间间隔T1_45更大。也就是，组1与组2之间参考信号之间的时间间隔更加稀疏，组4与组5之间参考信号之间的时间间隔更加密集，在时域上形成稀疏、密集交错的参考信号。
仍如图16的(a)，卫星发送组1的三个参考信号。经T1_12后，卫星开始发送组2的两个参考信号。经T1_23(未在图中示出)后，卫星开始发送组3的两个参考信号，以此类推，卫星每间隔一定的母周期，开始发送相应组的参考信号。
采用该方法，相邻两组间参考信号的时间间隔(母周期)与相应波束的覆盖区域的大小有关，可以精准匹配不同波束的覆盖区域，配置参考信号的不同母周期，能够在满足参考信号的测量需求的基础上，尽可能降低传输开销。仍如图16的(a)，波束B的覆盖区域大于波束E的覆盖区域，相应的，组1和组2的参考信号之间的母周期(T1_12)长于组4和组5的参考信号之间的母周期(T1_45)。如此，一方面，由于波束交叠区通常位于波束覆盖范围的边缘或临近边缘，因此，母周期与相应波束的覆盖区域的大小(如直径)有关，可实现在波束的覆盖区域的边缘或临近边缘，收发参考信号，因此，能够实现在波束交叠区(或临近波束交叠区)测量参考信号。另一方面，相比于相关技术中参考信号的周期是时隙(ms)级，本方案中，NTN的波束覆盖时间可达秒级，能够实现秒级的参考信号的发送母周期，可尽可能减少参考信号的发送数目。
可选的，相邻两组参考信号之间的时间间隔T满足：
其中，d表示参考距离，d与网络设备的波束的覆盖区域的大小有关，R表示地球半径，r表示网络设备的高度，μ为常数。
示例性的，NTN中，r可以是卫星的轨道高度。示例性的，μ为地球常数。示例性的，d为波束的覆盖区域的直径，或d稍小于该直径，不予限制。
公式1仅为示例表达，还可以有其他表达方式。如，对公式1进行等价的数学变换/变形。再如，T＝d/v，v表示卫星的运动速度。
示例性的，卫星向终端配置d等中间参数，终端自己计算时间间隔T(母周期)。或，卫星直接向终端配置T的值。
本申请实施例中的特征、结构或特性可以任意适合的方式结合在一个或多个实施例中。在本申请的各种实施例中，各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
比如，权利要求中的一些步骤，除非特殊限定，步骤之间的顺序可以调整，不限制先后顺序。
本申请实施例中，除特殊说明外，各个实施例之间相同或相似的部分可以互相参考。在本申请中各个实施例中，如果没有特殊说明以及逻辑冲突，不同的实施例之间的术语和/或描述具有一致性、且可以相互引用，不同的实施例中的技术特征根据其内在的逻辑关系可以组合形成新的实施例。本申请实施方式并不构成对本申请保护范围的限定。
此外，方法实施例中的某些步骤可等效替换成其他可能的步骤。或者，方法实施例中的某些步骤可以是可选的，在某些使用场景中可以删除。或者，可以在方法实施例中增加其他可能的步骤。
比如，本申请实施例中，图8所示的方法、图15所示的方法可以独立实施，或结合实施。比如，图8所示的方法中，也可配置参考信号的母周期和子周期，使得终端能提前激活TCI状态，且降低该过程中参考信号的传输和测量开销。
再如，以如图16的(a)的参考信号为SSB为例，一些示例中，终端在波束B、C的波束交叠区，卫星向终端指示待更新至的第二TCI状态：TCI状态D，且卫星向终端组1的SSB。其中，由于TCI状态D未被终端提前激活，终端可通过在波束交叠区内及时接收SSB来激活TCI状态D。
后续，随卫星运动，终端位于波束B、F的交叠区。卫星向终端指示待更新至的第二TCI状态(如TCI状态E)，且卫星向终端组2的SSB。以此类推，相邻两组SSB之间的时间间隔与波束的覆盖区域的大小有关。
再如，无论第二TCI状态是否已被终端提前激活，卫星均按照相应周期(如上述母周期、子周期)发送参考信号(如CSI-RS、SSB或路损参考信号)。如此，可降低卫星的实现复杂度。
再如，若第二TCI状态已被终端提前激活，则卫星可在相应母周期不发送参考信号。反之，若第二TCI状态未被终端提前激活，则卫星可在相应母周期发送参考信号。如此，能够降低卫星发送参考信号的开销。
示例性的，本申请实施例中的终端可以通过图18中的通信装置来实现。图18所示为本申请实施例提供的通信装置的硬件结构示意图。该通信装置400包括至少一个处理器401，存储器403以及至少一个通信接口404。
处理器401可以是一个中央处理单元(central processing unit，CPU)，微处理器，特定应用集成电路(application-specific integrated circuit，ASIC)，或一个或多个用于控制本申请方案程序执行的集成电路。
可选的，该通信装置可包括通信线路，通信线路可包括一通路，在该装置的相应组件之间传送信息。
通信接口404，使用任何收发器一类的装置，用于与其他设备或通信网络通信，如以太网，RAN，无线局域网(wireless local area networks，WLAN)等。
存储器403可以是只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)或可存储静态信息和指令的其他类型的静态存储设备，随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)或者可存储信息和指令的其他类型的动态存储设备，也可以是电可擦可编程只读存储器(electrically erasable programmable read-only memory，EEPROM)、只读光盘(compact disc read-only memory，CD-ROM)或其他光盘存储、光碟存储(包括压缩光碟、激光碟、光碟、数字通用光碟、蓝光光碟等)、磁盘存储介质或者其他磁存储设备、或者能够用于携带或存储具有指令或数据结构形式的期望的程序代码并能够由计算机存取的任何其他介质，但不限于此。存储器可以是独立存在，通过通信线路与处理器相连接。存储器也可以和处理器集成在一起。
其中，存储器403用于存储执行本申请方案的计算机执行指令，并由处理器401来控制执行。处理器401用于执行存储器403中存储的计算机执行指令，从而实现本申请实施例提供的方法。
可选的，本申请实施例中的计算机执行指令也可以称之为应用程序代码，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
在具体实现中，作为一种实施例，处理器401可以包括一个或多个CPU，例如图18中的CPU0和CPU1。
在具体实现中，作为一种实施例，通信装置400可以包括多个处理器，例如图18中的处理器401和处理器408。这些处理器中的每一个可以是一个单核(single-CPU)处理器，也可以是一个多核(multi-CPU)处理器。这里的处理器可以指一个或多个设备、电路、和/或用于处理数据(例如计算机程序指令)的处理核。
图示的结构仅是示例，通信装置还可包括更多或更少组件，或其他组件布局方式，不予限制。如通信装置可包括处理器，该处理器以硬件实现，或该处理器以调用程序的方式实现。或通信装置包括处理器和存储器。或通信装置包括处理器和通信接口。
可以理解的是，本申请实施例中的设备为了实现上述功能，其包含了执行各个功能相应的硬件结构和/或软件模块。结合本申请中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，本申请实施例能够以硬件或硬件和计算机软件的结合形式来实现。某个功能究竟以硬件还是计算机软件驱动硬件的方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。本领域技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同的方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请实施例的技术方案的范围。
本申请实施例可以根据上述方法示例对设备/装置进行功能单元的划分，例如，可以对应各个功能划分各个功能单元，也可以将两个或两个以上的功能集成在一个处理单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。需要说明的是，本申请实施例中对单元的划分是示意性的，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式。
本申请另本申请实施例提供了一种装置，该装置可以是上述第一终端或其他装置或相应组件。该装置可以包括：存储器和一个或多个处理器。该存储器和处理器耦合。该存储器用于存储计算机程序代码，该计算机程序代码包括计算机指令。当处理器执行计算机指令时，设备可执行上述方法实施例中对应装置执行的各个功能或者步骤。该设备的结构可以参考图18所示的设备(通信装置)的结构。
其中，该设备(通信装置)的核心结构可以表示为图19所示的结构，设备包括：处理模块1301、存储模块1303。
处理模块1301(还可称处理单元)，可包括中央处理器(CPU)、应用处理器(Application Processor，AP)或通信处理器(communication processor，CP)或AI处理器中的至少一个，如实现为图18所示处理器401和/或408。处理模块1301可执行与用户通信装置的其他元件中的至少一个的控制和/或通信相关的操作或数据处理。
存储模块1303，可包括易失性存储器和/或非易失性存储器。存储模块用于存储设备的其他模块中的至少一个相关的指令或数据。比如，可实现为图18所示的存储器403。
可选的，还包括通信模块1305(还可称通信单元)，用于支持设备(通过通信网络)与其他设备通信。例如，通信模块可经由无线通信或有线通信连接到网络，以与其他设备进行通信。无线通信可采用蜂窝通信协议中的至少一个，诸如，长期演进(LTE)、高级长期演进(LTE-A)、码分多址(CDMA)、宽带码分多址(WCDMA)、通用移动通信系统(UMTS)、无线宽带(WiBro)或全球移动通信系统(GSM)。无线通信可包括例如短距通信。短距通信可包括无线保真(Wi-Fi)、蓝牙、近场通信(NFC)、磁条传输(MST)或GNSS中的至少一个。比如，可实现为图18所示的通信接口404。
本申请实施例还提供一种芯片系统，该芯片系统包括至少一个处理器和至少一个接口电路。处理器和接口电路可通过线路互联。例如，接口电路可用于从其它装置(例如通信装置的存储器)接收信号。又例如，接口电路可用于向其它装置(例如处理器)发送信号。示例性的，接口电路可读取存储器中存储的指令，并将该指令发送给处理器。当指令被处理器执行时，可使得通信装置执行上述实施例中的各个步骤。当然，该芯片系统还可以包含其他分立器件，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机存储介质，该计算机存储介质包括计算机指令，当计算机指令在上述通信装置上运行时，使得该通信装置执行上述方法实施例中手机执行的各个功能或者步骤。
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机程序产品，当计算机程序产品在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行上述方法实施例中手机执行的各个功能或者步骤。
通过以上实施方式的描述，所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，仅以上述各功能模块的划分进行举例说明，实际应用中，可以根据需要而将上述功能分配由不同的功能模块完成，即将装置的内部结构划分成不同的功能模块，以完成以上描述的全部或者部分功能。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅是示意性的，例如，模块或单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个装置，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是一个物理单元或多个物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个不同地方。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。
集成的单元如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请实施例的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的全部或部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一个设备(可以是单片机，芯片等)或处理器(processor)执行本申请各个实施例方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(read only memory，ROM)、随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上内容，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何在本申请揭露的技术范围内的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (23)

  1. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    激活第一传输配置指示的第一TCI状态；
    接收第一信息，所述第一信息用于指示第二TCI状态；
    响应于所述第一TCI状态包括所述第二TCI状态，更新至所述第二TCI状态。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    发送第二信息，所述第二信息用于指示所述第一TCI状态的激活情况。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    发送第三信息，所述第三信息用于指示路损参考信号的维持情况。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    响应于所述第一TCI状态不包括所述第二TCI状态，接收第一信号，所述第一信号包括同步信号块或路损参考信号；不同波束对应的第一信号的调度周期不同；所述第一信号指示所述终端更新至所述第二TCI状态。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述激活第一传输配置指示TCI状态，包括：
    在第一区域，激活所述第一TCI状态；所述第一区域是网络设备的至少两个波束产生交叠的区域。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    接收网络设备的波束拓扑信息；
    根据所述终端的位置以及所述波束拓扑信息，确定处于所述第一区域。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    接收参考信号，所述参考信号为M个；
    所述M个参考信号包括N组所述参考信号；每组所述参考信号中相邻的参考信号的周期满足第一周期；相邻两组所述参考信号之间的时间间隔大于所述第一周期的时间间隔；所述M、N为大于2的整数。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述相邻两组所述参考信号之间的时间间隔与对应波束的覆盖区域的大小有关。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    接收资源配置信息，所述资源配置信息用于配置所述M个参考信号的资源。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述M个参考信号包括锚点参考信号；
    所述锚点参考信号为一个，所述锚点参考信号位于所述M个参考信号中的第一位置；所述资源配置信息用于配置所述M个参考信号的资源，包括：所述资源配置信息用于配置所述锚点参考信号的资源以及所述相邻两组参考信号之间的时间间隔；
    或，所述锚点参考信号为N个，所述N组参考信号中每组参考信号包括所述锚点参考信号，所述锚点参考信号位于对应的一组参考信号中的第二位置；所述资源配置信息用于配置所述M个参考信号的资源，包括：所述资源配置信息用于配置所述锚点参考信号的资源。
  11. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    接收第二信息，所述第二信息用于指示终端对第一传输配置指示的第一TCI状态的激活情况；
    发送第一信息，所述第一信息用于指示所述终端更新至第二TCI状态；所述第一TCI状态包括所述第二TCI状态。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二TCI状态是基于所述第一TCI状态的激活情况确定的。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    接收第三信息，所述第三信息用于指示路损参考信号的维持情况；
    所述第二TCI状态是基于所述第一TCI状态的激活情况确定的，包括：所述第二TCI状态是基于所述第一TCI状态的激活情况以及所述路损参考信号的维持情况确定的。
  14. 根据权利要求12或13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    响应于所述第一TCI状态不包括所述第二TCI状态，发送第一信号，所述第一信号包括同步信号块或路损参考信号；不同波束对应的第一信号的调度周期不同；所述第一信号指示所述终端更新至所述第二TCI状态。
  15. 根据权利要求12-14任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    发送参考信号，所述参考信号为M个；
    所述M个参考信号包括N组所述参考信号；每组所述参考信号中相邻的参考信号的周期满足第一周期；相邻两组所述参考信号之间的时间间隔大于所述第一周期的时间间隔；所述M、N为大于2的整数。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，所述相邻两组所述参考信号之间的时间间隔与对应波束的覆盖区域的大小有关。
  17. 根据权利要求15或16所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    发送资源配置信息，所述资源配置信息用于配置所述M个参考信号的资源。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于，所述M个参考信号包括锚点参考信号，
    所述锚点参考信号为一个，所述锚点参考信号位于所述M个参考信号中的第一位置；所述资源配置信息用于配置所述M个参考信号的资源，包括：所述资源配置信息用于配置所述锚点参考信号的资源以及所述相邻两组参考信号之间的时间间隔；
    或，所述锚点参考信号为N个，所述N组参考信号中每组参考信号包括所述锚点参考信号，所述锚点参考信号位于对应的一组参考信号中的第二位置；所述资源配置信息用于配置所述M个参考信号的资源，包括：所述资源配置信息用于配置所述锚点参考信号的资源。
  19. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，包括程序或指令，当所述程序或指令被执行时，如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的方法被实现，或如权利要求11至18中任一项所述的方法被实现。
  20. 一种计算机程序产品，其特征在于，包含程序或指令，当所述计算机程序产品在通信装置上运行时，使得所述通信装置执行如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的方法，或执行如权利要求11至18中任一项所述的方法。
  21. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括用于执行如权利要求1至10中任一项所述方法的单元或模块，或包括用于执行如权利要求11至18中任一项所述方法的单元或模块。
  22. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括处理器，用于实现如权利要求1至10中任一项所述方法，或实现如权利要求11至18中任一项所述方法。
  23. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：至少一个处理器和通信接口，所述通信接口用于接收和/或发送信号，所述处理器被配置用于使能权利要求1至10中任一项所述的方法被执行，或所述处理器被配置用于使能权利要求11至18中任一项所述的方法被执行。
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