WO2025255995A1 - 电机转子结构及电机 - Google Patents

电机转子结构及电机

Info

Publication number
WO2025255995A1
WO2025255995A1 PCT/CN2024/121120 CN2024121120W WO2025255995A1 WO 2025255995 A1 WO2025255995 A1 WO 2025255995A1 CN 2024121120 W CN2024121120 W CN 2024121120W WO 2025255995 A1 WO2025255995 A1 WO 2025255995A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
rotor structure
motor rotor
magnetic
mounting groove
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/121120
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张经纬
刘建宇
李振明
喻泽文
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dongfeng Motor Group Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Dongfeng Motor Group Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dongfeng Motor Group Co Ltd filed Critical Dongfeng Motor Group Co Ltd
Publication of WO2025255995A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025255995A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/02—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the magnetic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/28—Means for mounting or fastening rotating magnetic parts on to, or to, the rotor structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/02—Details
    • H02K21/021—Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux
    • H02K21/028—Means for mechanical adjustment of the excitation flux by modifying the magnetic circuit within the field or the armature, e.g. by using shunts, by adjusting the magnets position, by vectorial combination of field or armature sections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of motor technology, and in particular to a motor rotor structure and a motor.
  • Electric drive systems in new energy vehicles generally use permanent magnet drive motors, with rotors typically made of rare-earth permanent magnet materials.
  • Rare earth elements as strategic reserves in my country, are rapidly being depleted with the development of new energy.
  • my country is implementing total quantity control, and the price of rare earth elements is expected to rise in the long term.
  • reducing the use of rare-earth materials is also an important direction for cost reduction in motors.
  • a common approach is to use rare-earth-free permanent magnet materials to replace rare-earth permanent magnet materials, or to use a hybrid excitation scheme combining rare-earth and rare-earth permanent magnet materials.
  • rare-earth-free permanent magnet materials typically have a low energy product, resulting in large volume and weight when used alone, and problems such as high magnetic leakage and low structural strength, posing challenges to rotor structural strength design.
  • rare-earth-free permanent magnet materials also have weak demagnetization resistance.
  • the main objective of this application is to propose a motor rotor structure that can meet the strength requirements during rotation and reduce magnetic leakage.
  • a motor rotor structure which includes:
  • a rotor core is sleeved on the rotating shaft.
  • the inner end of the rotor core is provided with a first mounting groove, and the outer end is provided with a second mounting groove.
  • a first permanent magnet is disposed within the first mounting slot
  • the second permanent magnet is disposed in the second mounting slot
  • the first permanent magnet is made of rare earth materials and rare earth-free materials, while the second permanent magnet is made of rare earth materials.
  • the first permanent magnet includes an inner magnet and an outer magnet, wherein the outer magnet is disposed around the inner magnet.
  • the outer magnet is used to enhance or adjust the magnetic field generated by the inner magnet to achieve better performance and efficiency.
  • the surrounding arrangement of the outer magnet helps to control the distribution of the magnetic field and further optimize the operating characteristics of the motor.
  • the inner magnet is embedded within the outer magnet.
  • the volume ratio of the rare-earth-free material to the rare-earth material in the first permanent magnet is between 3:1 and 1:1.
  • the properties of the rare earth and the rare earth-free materials can be balanced to achieve the desired magnetic performance and cost-effectiveness.
  • the balance between the magnetic performance and cost of the first permanent magnet can be adjusted to meet specific application requirements.
  • the rare earth material includes neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material; and/or,
  • the rare-earth-free materials include ferrite or samarium iron nitrogen permanent magnet materials.
  • the length of the outer sidewall of the first mounting groove is less than the length of the inner sidewall of the first mounting groove.
  • magnetic leakage of the first permanent magnet can be reduced, the concentration and uniformity of the magnetic field can be improved, and thus the magnetic leakage can be reduced.
  • Less magnetic leakage can improve the efficiency of motors or generators, reduce energy loss, and reduce size and weight while maintaining the same magnetic properties, making the overall equipment more compact and lightweight. This can also reduce the amount of materials used to some extent, thereby reducing production costs, which is of great significance for large-scale manufacturing.
  • multiple second mounting slots are provided, and adjacent second mounting slots are arranged in a V-shape.
  • the first mounting slot and/or the second mounting slot are evenly distributed around the circumference of the rotor core.
  • the first mounting groove has a boss on its inner sidewall surface along the circumferential direction of the rotor core, for circumferentially limiting the first permanent magnet; and/or,
  • a first magnetic isolation hole is also provided at the inner end of the first mounting groove.
  • the width of the outer end of the first magnetic isolation hole is smaller than the width of the inner end of the first mounting groove, so as to form a stop protrusion, which is used to stop and limit the second permanent magnet in the radial direction.
  • the protrusion can limit the movement of the permanent magnet within the first mounting slot.
  • the first magnetic isolation hole can be used to shield or weaken the influence of the magnetic field. In some devices that need to protect electronic components or sensors from external magnetic field interference, the first magnetic isolation hole can effectively reduce the impact of external magnetic fields on the normal operation of the device. It can help isolate the magnetic fields between different components or modules, ensuring that they work normally without being interfered with by external magnetic fields.
  • the magnetic isolation hole can also be used to dissipate the heat generated inside the device, helping the device maintain a normal operating temperature and improving the stability and reliability of the device.
  • the setting of the magnetic isolation hole allows a magnetic bridge to be formed on the iron core. Setting the outer width of the first magnetic isolation hole to be smaller than the inner width of the first mounting slot reduces the risk of the first permanent magnet falling into the first magnetic isolation hole when it is installed in the first mounting slot.
  • multiple first magnetic isolation holes are provided, and weight reduction holes are provided between adjacent magnetic isolation holes.
  • the weight-reducing holes can be designed to reduce the overall weight of the structure.
  • the weight-reducing holes can increase airflow channels, aiding in heat dissipation and keeping the device within a suitable operating temperature range.
  • the weight-reducing holes simplify the manufacturing process or enhance the overall aesthetic appearance.
  • the inner and outer ends of the second mounting groove are provided with second magnetic shielding holes
  • a first magnetic shielding hole is also provided at the inner end of the first mounting groove
  • a filler adhesive is provided in the first magnetic isolation hole and/or the second magnetic isolation hole.
  • providing the magnetic isolation holes at both the inner and outer ends of the first and second mounting slots helps improve the stability of the motor rotor structure.
  • These magnetic isolation holes can provide additional support and fixation, preventing the motor rotor structure from moving or deforming during use.
  • the setting of the first and second magnetic isolation holes adjusts the distribution and intensity of the magnetic fields of the first and second permanent magnets, thereby forming a magnetic bridge on the iron core.
  • the filling adhesive can be used to isolate the internal components or electrical elements of the motor, preventing them from being affected by moisture, dust or other external environments, thereby providing electrical insulation protection.
  • the filling adhesive can also be used to reduce the impact of vibration or shock on the internal components of the equipment, providing a certain degree of shock absorption.
  • the filling adhesive can also be used to fix or seal specific components, ensuring that they remain stable during operation and are not affected by the external environment.
  • the magnetization direction of the first permanent magnet is along the tangential direction of the circumference, and its N pole and S pole are alternately arranged.
  • the magnetization direction of the second permanent magnet is radially arranged, and its N pole and S pole correspond to the arrangement of the first permanent magnets.
  • the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet which are close to each other, have one of the N poles and the other of the S poles.
  • the N and S poles alternate around the circumference, forming a ring-shaped magnetic field distribution.
  • the N and S poles of the second permanent magnet are arranged radially, corresponding to the arrangement of the first permanent magnet. In the radial direction, the N and S poles alternate, forming a radial magnetic field distribution. In the region where the first and second permanent magnets are close to each other, one of them is the N pole and the other is the S pole, which helps to generate a specific magnetic field distribution and effect.
  • the magnetization direction of the first permanent magnet is along the tangential direction
  • the magnetization direction of the second permanent magnet is along the radial direction.
  • the motor rotor structure further includes:
  • Magnetic shielding plates are spaced apart on both sides of the motor rotor structure along the axis of rotation; and,
  • the setting of the retaining ring ensures that the magnetic shielding plate always remains in the correct position, preventing it from moving or deviating from the track during operation. This helps to ensure the stability and reliability of the motor rotor structure and prevents situations that may lead to damage or performance degradation.
  • This application also proposes an electric motor, the electric motor including a motor stator and a motor rotor structure, the motor rotor structure and the motor stator being rotatable relative to each other, wherein the motor rotor structure includes:
  • a first permanent magnet is disposed within the first mounting slot
  • the first permanent magnet is made of rare earth materials and rare earth-free materials, while the second permanent magnet is made of rare earth materials.
  • the motor rotor structure is a component mounted on the rotating shaft, while the motor stator is a component fixed inside the housing.
  • the motor's rotational motion is achieved through the relative rotation of the motor rotor structure and the motor stator.
  • current flows through the motor stator, generating a magnetic field.
  • This magnetic field interacts with the magnetic field on the motor rotor structure, generating a rotational torque that drives the motor rotor structure to rotate. Therefore, the motor rotor structure rotates relative to the motor stator.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the rotor core of the motor rotor structure described in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the rotor core of the motor rotor structure described in Figure 1 after injection molding.
  • Motor rotor structure 1. Rotor shaft; 2. Rotor core; 21. First mounting slot; 22. Second mounting slot; 23. First magnetic isolation hole; 24. Second magnetic isolation hole; 3. First permanent magnet; 31. Inner magnet; 32. Outer magnet; 3a. Rare earth-free material; 3b. Rare earth material; 4. Second permanent magnet; 5. Magnetic isolation plate; 6. Retaining ring; 7. Filler adhesive.
  • the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.
  • Electric drive systems in new energy vehicles generally use permanent magnet drive motors, with rotors typically made of rare-earth permanent magnet materials.
  • Rare earth elements as strategic reserves in my country, are rapidly being depleted with the development of new energy.
  • my country is implementing total quantity control, and the price of rare earth elements is expected to rise in the long term.
  • reducing the use of rare-earth materials is also an important direction for cost reduction in motors.
  • a common approach is to use rare-earth-free permanent magnet materials to replace rare-earth permanent magnet materials, or to use a hybrid excitation scheme combining rare-earth and rare-earth permanent magnet materials.
  • rare-earth-free permanent magnet materials typically have a low energy product, resulting in large volume and weight when used alone, and problems such as high magnetic leakage and low structural strength, posing challenges to rotor structural strength design.
  • rare-earth-free permanent magnet materials also have weak demagnetization resistance.
  • the motor rotor structure 100 includes a rotating shaft 1, a rotor core 2, a first permanent magnet 3, and a second permanent magnet 4.
  • the rotor core 2 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 1.
  • the inner end of the rotor core 2 is provided with a first mounting groove 21, and the outer end is provided with a second mounting groove 22.
  • the first permanent magnet 3 is disposed in the first mounting groove 21, and the second permanent magnet 4 is disposed in the second mounting groove 22.
  • the first permanent magnet 3 is made of rare earth material 3b and non-rare earth material 3a
  • the second permanent magnet 4 is made of rare earth material 3b.
  • the technical solution of this application employs a motor rotor structure 100, which includes a rotating shaft 1, a rotor core 2, a first permanent magnet 3, and a second permanent magnet 4.
  • the rotor core 2 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 1.
  • the inner end of the rotor core 2 is provided with a first mounting groove 21, and the outer end is provided with a second mounting groove 22.
  • the first permanent magnet 3 is disposed in the first mounting groove 21, and the second permanent magnet 4 is disposed in the second mounting groove 22.
  • the first permanent magnet 3 is made of rare earth material 3b and a non-rare earth material 3a
  • the second permanent magnet 4 is made of rare earth material 3b.
  • the first mounting groove 21 and the second mounting groove 22 are provided at both the inner and outer ends of the rotor core 2.
  • the first permanent magnet 3 and the second permanent magnet 4 are respectively disposed in the first mounting groove 21 and the second mounting groove 22.
  • the first permanent magnet 3 is made of rare earth and rare earth-free materials 3a to reduce the amount of rare earth material 3b. This structure can reduce rotor leakage magnetism and meet the structural strength requirements when the rotor is rotating, and has certain engineering application value.
  • the materials within the first permanent magnet 3 can be connected by adhesive bonding, and the connection method is not limited.
  • the rare earth material 3b typically has high magnetic properties, including high coercivity and remanence, as well as high thermal and chemical stability. It can maintain stable magnetic properties at high temperatures and in harsh environments, and is therefore widely used in applications requiring high-performance permanent magnets.
  • the rare earth-free material 3a typically has lower magnetic properties but lower cost. When considering cost factors, the rare earth-free material 3a can be selected.
  • the first permanent magnet includes an inner magnet 31 and an outer magnet 32, with the outer magnet 32 surrounding the inner magnet 31.
  • the outer magnet 32 is located on the outer surface, and the inner magnet 31 is located inside. This arrangement allows the outer magnet 32 to enhance or adjust the magnetic field generated by the inner magnet 31, achieving better performance and efficiency.
  • the surrounding arrangement of the outer magnet 32 helps control the distribution of the magnetic field and further optimizes the operating characteristics of the motor.
  • the installation method between the inner magnet 31 and the outer magnet 32 is not limited.
  • One magnet can be directly installed on the outer surface of the other magnet, or a suitable magnetic shielding structure or mounting groove can be designed to ensure that the inner magnet can be stably installed inside the outer magnet.
  • the inner and outer magnets 32 can be fixed together by clamping, such as using clamps, clamping devices or clamping frames, to ensure that the inner and outer magnets 32 maintain their relative positions.
  • the inner magnet 31 is embedded within the outer magnet 32.
  • the two can be in closer contact, which helps to improve the transmission efficiency of the magnetic field, thereby improving the performance of the motor.
  • the closer contact between the inner magnet 31 and the outer magnet 32 can reduce energy loss during the magnetic field transmission process, thereby improving the transmission efficiency of the magnetic field. This means that more magnetic field can be transmitted to the surface of the outer magnet 32, thus improving the output power and efficiency of the motor.
  • Embedding the inner magnet 31 inside the outer magnet 32 can reduce the gap between the inner and outer magnets 32, thereby reducing the impact of the gap effect on the magnetic field transmission.
  • the inner magnet 31 embedded within the outer magnet 32, enhances the overall structural strength and stability of the magnet, reducing the risk of magnet displacement or damage due to mechanical vibration or external impact. This helps extend the motor's service life and improve its reliability and durability.
  • This application improves the material used to manufacture the first permanent magnet 3 of the motor rotor structure 100 by using rare earth material 3b and rare earth-free material 3a.
  • the volume ratio of the rare earth-free material 3a to the rare earth material 3b is preferably 3:1 to 1:1 to balance the characteristics of the rare earth and rare earth-free materials 3a, thereby achieving the required magnetic performance and cost-effectiveness. By controlling this ratio, the balance between the magnetic performance and cost of the first permanent magnet 3 can be adjusted to meet specific application requirements.
  • the ratio of the rare earth material 3b to the rare earth-free material 3a in the first permanent magnet 3 has a significant impact on the performance and application of the first permanent magnet 3. When the magnetic requirements are high, the proportion of the rare earth material 3b can be increased. When the magnetic performance requirements are not high, the proportion of the rare earth material 3b can be increased. In this embodiment, the ratio is preferably 3:1 to 1:1, but obviously the range of the ratio is not limited to this.
  • the rare earth material 3b may include neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) permanent magnet material, and/or the rare earth-free material 3a may include ferrite or samarium iron nitride (SMR) permanent magnet material.
  • NdFeB and ferrite/SMR permanent magnet materials are readily available on the market and can be mass-produced.
  • NdFeB is a commonly used rare earth permanent magnet material with very strong magnetic properties. It is composed of elements such as neodymium, iron, and boron. This material has high energy product, high coercivity, and good corrosion resistance, making it widely used in various applications, including motors, generators, disk drives, and magnets.
  • Ferrite and SMR are both common permanent magnet materials.
  • Ferrite is a type of oxide composed of iron, oxygen, and some other metal ions. They typically have lower coercivity and energy product but good corrosion resistance and heat resistance.
  • the ferrite is commonly used in low-cost, low-power applications and high-temperature environments, such as electronic transformers, electromagnetic sensors, and magnetic rings.
  • the samarium iron nitrogen (SFeNi) is a rare-earth permanent magnet material composed of samarium, iron, and nitrogen. Compared to the ferrite, the... Samarium iron nitrogen (Samarium ferrite nitrogen) possesses higher coercivity and energy product, but is generally more expensive. It excels in high-temperature and high-performance applications, such as aerospace, defense, and precision instruments.
  • the rare-earth material 3b also includes terbium cobalt
  • the rare-earth-free material 3a includes AlNiCo magnets.
  • the cobalt magnet has high coercivity, maintaining stable magnetic properties under low magnetic fields, and good anti-magnetic leakage performance, reducing magnetic field leakage and improving motor efficiency.
  • the terbium cobalt magnet maintains high coercivity at high temperatures, exhibiting good temperature stability and suitability for high-temperature environments. It also has good corrosion resistance, enabling long-term stable operation in harsh environments.
  • the terbium cobalt magnet has high remanence and coercivity, which can improve... Offering a high magnetic energy product, suitable for applications requiring high energy density
  • the AlNiCo magnet has high remanence and coercivity, providing a good magnetic energy product. It maintains good magnetic properties even at high temperatures, has a wide operating temperature range, good corrosion resistance, and can operate stably in harsh environments, extending its service life. It also exhibits good magnetic property stability, is not easily affected by external factors, and maintains a long-term stable operating state. Furthermore, its low cost makes it more competitive in cost-sensitive applications.
  • the length of the outer sidewall of the first mounting groove 21 is less than the length of the inner sidewall of the first mounting groove 21.
  • This arrangement reduces magnetic leakage of the first permanent magnet 3, improves the concentration and uniformity of the magnetic field, and thus improves the efficiency of the motor or generator by reducing magnetic leakage, reducing energy loss.
  • the trapezoidal shape increases the effective magnetic circuit length of the first permanent magnet 3, increasing its magnetization and output power.
  • the trapezoidal arrangement can reduce size and weight while maintaining the same magnetic properties, making the overall equipment more compact and lightweight. This can reduce material usage to some extent, thereby reducing production costs, which is of great significance for large-scale manufacturing.
  • the rotor core 2 is generally cylindrical.
  • the cylindrical rotor core 2 has a relatively simple structure, is easy to process and manufacture, reduces manufacturing costs and process complexity, and can form a uniform magnetic field distribution around the entire rotor, which is beneficial to improving the performance and efficiency of the motor.
  • the cylindrical rotor core 2 has good structural stability and mechanical strength, and can withstand large mechanical loads and speeds.
  • the shape of the second mounting groove 22 is not limited. It can be triangular, rectangular, etc., and the arrangement can be diagonally arranged or staggered along the outer ring of the rotor core 2, or evenly and regularly spaced.
  • multiple second mounting slots 22 are provided, and adjacent second mounting slots 22 are arranged in a V-shape.
  • This V-shaped arrangement reduces magnetic resistance in the magnetic circuit, thereby improving the transmission efficiency of the magnetic field. This increases the magnetic field density, enabling the motor or generator to produce greater force or output higher power under a given magnetic field. It also helps reduce magnetic leakage, making the magnetic field more concentrated, thus improving the efficiency and performance of the equipment. Furthermore, the V-shaped arrangement makes better use of available space, making the equipment more compact, especially in space-constrained applications, resulting in smaller size and lighter weight. The V-shaped arrangement also reduces magnetic field non-uniformity, thereby reducing vibration and noise that may occur during equipment operation.
  • the second mounting groove 22 is rectangularly arranged to accommodate the second permanent magnet 4.
  • This rectangular arrangement provides better support and fixation for the permanent magnet, thereby reducing displacement and vibration during operation. This helps maintain the stability and consistency of the magnetic field, improving equipment performance and efficiency.
  • the rectangular structure is relatively simple, easy to manufacture and process, and also makes it easier to install the second permanent magnet 4. This reduces manufacturing costs and increases production efficiency, while providing a larger surface area, which aids in heat dissipation and reduces performance degradation or damage to the second permanent magnet 4 due to temperature increases during operation. It also enhances the structural rigidity of the permanent magnet, reducing vibration and deformation under high-speed rotation or high-load conditions, thereby improving equipment reliability and stability. Furthermore, it allows for better control of the permanent magnet's position and arrangement, helping to optimize the magnetic field distribution and improve equipment performance and efficiency.
  • the second mounting slot 22 can also be triangular, with adjacent second mounting slots 22 arranged in parallel to accommodate the shape of the permanent magnet.
  • the second mounting slot 22 By designing the second mounting slot 22 as a triangle, the gap between the slot and the permanent magnet can be minimized while maintaining the parallelism between adjacent slots. This allows the second permanent magnet 4 to be more tightly embedded in the second mounting slot 22, effectively preventing loosening or displacement during motor operation.
  • the triangular shape provides structural stability and can withstand greater stress. The high force and pressure ensure that the second mounting slot 22 is not easily deformed or damaged during prolonged use. This helps ensure that the second permanent magnet 4 maintains a good position and orientation during motor operation, maximizing its magnetic properties. Therefore, setting the second mounting slot 22 as a triangle and arranging adjacent slots in a parallel manner can improve the efficiency and reliability of motor assembly, thereby enhancing the performance and durability of the motor.
  • the first mounting slot 21 and/or the second mounting slot 22 are evenly distributed around the circumference of the rotor core 2. This ensures the balance and stability of the assembled components. By evenly distributing these mounting slots around the circumference, a uniform force distribution can be achieved on the assembled components, reducing unnecessary stress concentration and improving the overall performance and lifespan of the rotor. A uniform magnetic field distribution can also be achieved, thereby improving the performance and efficiency of the equipment, making the rotor structure 100 more balanced, reducing vibration and noise, and improving the stability and reliability of the equipment.
  • the evenly distributed first mounting slot 21 and/or the second mounting slot 22 also simplify and unify the manufacturing and installation process, which is beneficial for controlling production efficiency and product quality.
  • the term "evenly distributed" refers to setting the first mounting slot 21 and the second mounting slot 22 at equal intervals on the motor rotor structure 100 according to the performance requirements of the motor rotor structure 100.
  • the first mounting groove 21 has a boss on its inner wall surface along the circumferential direction of the rotor core 2, which is used to limit the first permanent magnet 3 in the circumferential direction; and/or a first magnetic isolation hole 23 is also provided at the inner end of the first mounting groove 21, the width of the outer end of the first magnetic isolation hole 23 being smaller than the width of the inner end of the first mounting groove 21, so as to form a stop protrusion, which is used to stop and limit the second permanent magnet 4 in the radial direction.
  • the boss is provided on the inner wall surface, which can make the first permanent magnet 3 more stably placed in the first mounting groove 21.
  • the boss can be provided on the inner side surface in the circumferential direction to limit the circumferential movement of the first permanent magnet 3 and reduce the risk of the first permanent magnet 3 wobbling in the circumferential direction. It can also be provided on the inner side surface in the radial direction to limit the radial movement of the first permanent magnet 3 and reduce the risk of the first permanent magnet 3 wobbling in the radial direction. Obviously, it is not limited to this.
  • the boss can also limit the axial displacement of the first permanent magnet 3 and reduce the risk of the first permanent magnet 3 falling off in the axial direction.
  • a first magnetic isolation hole 23 is provided at the inner end of the first mounting groove 21.
  • the width of the outer end of the first magnetic isolation hole 23 is smaller than the width of the inner end of the first mounting groove 21, forming a stop protrusion to stop and limit the second permanent magnet 4 in the radial direction.
  • the magnetic isolation hole refers to a hole provided in electronic equipment or mechanical devices to isolate magnetic fields.
  • the provision of the first magnetic isolation hole 23 can be used to shield or weaken the influence of magnetic fields. In some devices that need to protect electronic components or sensors from external magnetic field interference, the provision of the first magnetic isolation hole 23 can effectively reduce the influence of external magnetic fields on the normal operation of the device. It can help isolate the magnetic fields between different components or modules, ensuring that they work normally without being interfered with by external magnetic fields.
  • the magnetic isolation hole can also be used to dissipate the heat generated inside the device, helping the device maintain a normal operating temperature and improving the stability and reliability of the device.
  • the setting of the magnetic isolation hole causes a magnetic bridge to be formed on the iron core 2.
  • the magnetic bridge can effectively transfer the magnetic field from one of the permanent magnets to the other, enhancing the magnetic field transmission efficiency.
  • the outer width of the first magnetic isolation hole 23 is set smaller than the inner width of the first mounting groove 21. This design takes into account the stability and safety of installing the first permanent magnet 3. When the first permanent magnet 3 is installed in the first mounting groove 21, the outer width of the first magnetic isolation hole 23 is smaller than the inner width of the first mounting groove 21. This design takes into account the stability and safety of installing the first permanent magnet 3. When the first permanent magnet 3 is installed in the first mounting groove 21, due to the smaller outer width of the first magnetic isolation hole 23, its internal space will form an arched structure with the first permanent magnet 3. This structure can effectively reduce the risk of the first permanent magnet 3 accidentally falling into the first magnetic isolation hole 23. By ensuring that the first permanent magnet 3 is safely fixed in the first mounting groove 21, the reliability and stability of the equipment can be improved, while reducing the need for maintenance and repair, thereby extending the service life and performance of the equipment.
  • first magnetic isolation holes 23 are provided, and weight-reducing holes are provided between adjacent magnetic isolation holes.
  • weight-reducing holes can be designed to reduce the overall weight of the structure. By providing weight-reducing holes between the magnetic isolation holes, the amount of material used can be effectively reduced, thus lowering the overall weight. Another function is that the weight-reducing holes can increase airflow channels, aiding in heat dissipation and maintaining the device within a suitable operating temperature range. Furthermore, the weight-reducing holes simplify the manufacturing process or improve the overall aesthetic appearance.
  • the multiple magnetic isolation holes are provided corresponding to the first permanent magnet 3 and the second permanent magnet 4.
  • the inner and outer ends of the second mounting groove 22 are provided with second magnetic isolation holes 24.
  • a first magnetic isolation hole 23 is also provided at the inner end of the first mounting groove 21, and a filler 7 is provided in the first magnetic isolation hole 23 and/or the second magnetic isolation hole 24.
  • Providing the magnetic isolation holes at both the inner and outer ends of the first mounting groove 21 and the second mounting groove 22 helps improve the stability of the motor rotor structure 100.
  • These magnetic isolation holes provide additional support and fixation, preventing the motor rotor structure 100 from moving or deforming during use.
  • the setting of the first magnetic isolation hole 23 and the second magnetic isolation hole 24 adjusts the distribution and intensity of the magnetic fields of the first permanent magnet 3 and the second permanent magnet 4, forming a magnetic bridge on the iron core 2.
  • This magnetic bridge provides an additional magnetic path, making it easier for the magnetic field to be conducted through the iron core 2. This helps the magnetic field form a more complete and continuous closed path in the iron core 2, thereby enhancing the magnetic circuit connection of the motor and improving efficiency.
  • the magnetic bridge can reduce magnetic resistance in the magnetic circuit, thereby reducing magnetic flux loss. This helps reduce energy loss in the iron core 2 and improve the energy efficiency of the equipment.
  • By forming a magnetic bridge the non-uniformity of magnetic flux density in the iron core 2 can be reduced, thereby reducing the risk of magnetic saturation. This helps ensure stable operation of the equipment under rated working conditions and extends the service life of the equipment.
  • the magnetic bridge can promote a more uniform distribution of the magnetic field in the iron core 2, reducing iron loss caused by local magnetic field concentration. This helps reduce the heat loss of the equipment and improve its working efficiency.
  • the filling adhesive 7 can be used to isolate internal components or electrical elements of the motor, preventing them from being affected by moisture, dust, or other external environmental factors, thereby providing electrical insulation protection.
  • the filling adhesive 7 can also be used to reduce the impact of vibration or shock on internal components, providing a certain degree of shock absorption.
  • the filling adhesive 7 can be used to fix or seal specific components, ensuring their stability during operation and protection from external environmental influences.
  • Injection molding can fill the vibration isolation holes, increasing the contact area between the first permanent magnet 3 and the second permanent magnet 4 and the surrounding structure, thereby improving the system's seismic resistance and helping to reduce the risk of damage to the equipment in earthquakes or other vibration environments, protecting the first permanent magnet 3 and the second permanent magnet 4.
  • the injection molding material can reduce the transmission of vibration between the permanent magnets and the vibration isolation holes. This helps reduce mechanical noise and vibration, improving the stability and comfort of the equipment. Injection molding can also fill the vibration isolation holes, increasing the connection area between the permanent magnets and the structure, thereby enhancing the overall mechanical strength of the structure. This helps prevent the permanent magnet from shifting or loosening during transportation or use. Injection molding can form a sealing layer around the vibration isolation holes to prevent dust, moisture or other contaminants from entering the holes, thereby protecting the permanent magnet from corrosion and contamination and extending its service life.
  • Commonly used fillers include epoxy resin, polyurethane, silicone, polyimide, and environmentally friendly fillers.
  • Epoxy resin is a commonly used injection molding filler with excellent mechanical and chemical properties, suitable for applications requiring high strength and corrosion resistance.
  • Polyurethane has good elasticity and abrasion resistance, suitable for applications requiring shock absorption and cushioning, such as filling vibration isolation holes to reduce vibration transmission.
  • Silicone has excellent high-temperature resistance and chemical corrosion resistance, suitable for high-temperature environments or applications with special chemical requirements.
  • Polyimide has excellent high-temperature resistance and mechanical strength, suitable for filling and encapsulation in high-temperature environments.
  • Environmentally friendly fillers such as biodegradable or renewable materials, are also widely used in injection molding filling to reduce environmental impact.
  • the material injected into the magnetic isolation hole can be selected from non-magnetic materials, high-temperature resistant materials, corrosion-resistant materials, insulating materials, and elastic materials.
  • non-magnetic materials are usually chosen to fill the magnetic isolation hole, such as plastics or rubber.
  • high-temperature resistant injection molding materials can be selected, such as polyimide or silicone.
  • injection molding materials with good corrosion resistance need to be selected, such as epoxy resin or materials with special coatings.
  • the filling material needs to have good insulation properties to prevent electrical short circuits or leakage.
  • the filling material needs to have a certain degree of elasticity to reduce vibration transmission or buffer impact. Therefore, injection molding materials with good elasticity, such as polyurethane, can be selected.
  • the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet can be chosen to be consistent with or opposite to the axial direction of the motor rotor structure 100.
  • the magnetization direction of the first permanent magnet 3 is along the tangential direction of the circumference, and its N pole and S pole are alternately arranged.
  • the magnetization direction of the second permanent magnet 4 is arranged radially, and its N pole and S pole are arranged corresponding to the first permanent magnet 3.
  • the first permanent magnet 3 and the second permanent magnet 4 that are close to each other one is the N pole and the other is the S pole.
  • the N pole and S pole of the first permanent magnet 3 intersect along the tangential direction of the circumference.
  • the alternating arrangement means that the N and S poles alternate around the circumference, forming a ring-shaped magnetic field distribution.
  • the N and S poles of the second permanent magnet 4 are arranged radially, corresponding to the arrangement of the first permanent magnet 3. In the radial direction, the N and S poles alternate, forming a radial magnetic field distribution. In the region where the first permanent magnet 3 and the second permanent magnet 4 are close to each other, one of the poles is the N pole and the other is the S pole, which helps to generate a specific magnetic field distribution and effect.
  • the magnetization direction of the first permanent magnet 3 is along the tangential direction
  • the magnetization direction of the second permanent magnet 4 is along the radial direction.
  • the electronic rotor structure 100 also includes a magnetic shielding plate 5 and a retaining ring 6.
  • the magnetic shielding plate 5 is spaced apart on both sides of the motor rotor structure 100 along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 1.
  • the retaining ring 6 is fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft 1 on both sides of the magnetic shielding plate 5, and is used to limit the magnetic shielding plate 5 from the motor rotor structure 100.
  • the magnetic shielding plate 5 is a plate-shaped component installed on both sides of the motor rotor structure 100. Its function is to be spaced apart along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 1 to isolate or separate the magnetic fields on both sides of the motor rotor structure 100.
  • the magnetic shielding plate 5 can help control the distribution of the magnetic field, thereby improving the working efficiency and accuracy of the equipment. By reasonably setting the magnetic shielding plate 5, the magnetic field can be made more concentrated or uniform, which is beneficial to improving energy conversion efficiency or sensor accuracy.
  • the retaining rings 6 are located on both sides of the magnetic shielding plate 5 and are fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft 1. They are used to limit the position between the magnetic shielding plate 5 and the motor rotor structure 100. The function of the retaining rings 6 is to ensure that the magnetic shielding plate 5 always remains in the correct position, preventing it from moving or deviating from its track during operation. This helps to ensure the stability and reliability of the motor rotor structure 100 and prevent situations that may lead to damage or performance degradation.
  • the number and position of the magnetic shielding plates 5 affect the distribution of the magnetic field in the motor rotor structure 100 and also affect the heat dissipation capacity of the motor rotor structure 100.
  • two magnetic shielding plates 5 are provided, respectively placed on both sides of the rotor core 2, which can effectively limit the diffusion of the magnetic field around the rotor, thereby reducing energy loss and improving the efficiency of the motor.
  • this configuration also helps to reduce vibration and noise, and improve the stability and lifespan of the motor.
  • Two retaining rings 6 are provided next to the two magnetic shielding plates 5 to limit the movement of the magnetic shielding plates 5 and the rotor core 2.
  • This application also proposes an electric motor, which includes a motor rotor structure 100 and a motor stator.
  • the motor rotor structure 100 and the motor stator are rotatable relative to each other.
  • the motor rotor structure 100 includes a rotating shaft 1, a rotor core 2, a first permanent magnet 3, and a second permanent magnet 4.
  • the rotor core 2 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 1.
  • the inner end of the rotor core 2 is provided with a first mounting groove 21, and the outer end is provided with a second mounting groove 22.
  • the first permanent magnet 3 is disposed in the first mounting groove 21, and the second permanent magnet 4 is disposed in the second mounting groove 22.
  • the motor rotor structure 100 is made of conductor, while the stator contains coils or magnets that generate a magnetic field. When current flows through the motor stator, the generated magnetic field interacts with the conductors in the motor rotor structure 100, generating a rotational force that drives the motor rotor structure to rotate.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开了一种电机转子结构及电机，所述电机转子结构包括有转轴、转子铁芯、第一永磁体以及第二永磁体，所述转子铁芯套设于所述转轴上，所述转子铁芯的内端部设有第一安装槽，外端部上开设有第二安装槽，所述第一永磁体设置于所述第一安装槽内，所述第二永磁体设置于所述第二安装槽内，所述第一永磁体的制成材质包括稀土材料和无稀土材料，所述第二永磁体的制成材质包括稀土材料。

Description

电机转子结构及电机
相关申请
本申请要求于2024年6月14日申请的、申请号为202410768266.4的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电机技术领域，特别涉及一种电机转子结构及电机。
背景技术
新能源汽车电驱动系统一般采用永磁驱动电机，转子通常采用稀土永磁材料，稀土作为我国战略储备物资，随着新能源发展正快速流失，目前我国正在实施总量指标控制，稀土的价格长期看涨。此外，减少稀土材料用量也是电机重要的降本方向。一种常见的做法是采用无稀土永磁材料来替代稀土永磁材料，或者采用无稀土永磁材料和稀土永磁材料的混合励磁方案，但无稀土永磁材料通常磁能积比较低，单独使用时，体积和重量较大，存在漏磁大，结构强度低等问题，对转子结构强度设计提出挑战；此外，无稀土永磁材料还存在抗去磁能力弱的问题。
发明内容
本申请的主要目的是提出一种电机转子结构，旨在提供一种能满足旋转时强度要求且可以减少漏磁的电机转子结构。
为实现上述目的，本申请提出的电机转子结构，所述电机转子结构包括：
转轴；
转子铁芯，套设于所述转轴上，所述转子铁芯的内端部设有第一安装槽，外端部上开设有第二安装槽；
第一永磁体，设置于所述第一安装槽内；以及，
第二永磁体，设置于所述第二安装槽内；
所述第一永磁体的制成材质包括稀土材料和无稀土材料，所述第二永磁体的制成材质包括稀土材料。
在一实施方式中，所述第一永磁体包括内磁体以及外磁体，所述外磁体环绕所述内磁体设置。
如此，利用所述外磁体来增强或调节内磁体产生的磁场，以实现更好的性能和效率，所述外磁体的环绕设置有助于控制磁场的分布，并进一步优化电机的运行特性。
在一实施方式中，所述内磁体嵌设于所述外磁体内。
如此，可以使两者之间更紧密地接触，有助于提高磁场的传递效率，从而提高电机的性能。
在一实施方式中，在所述第一永磁体内，所述无稀土材料与所述稀土的材料的体积比例在3：1至1：1之间。
如此，可以平衡所述稀土和所述无稀土材料的特性，以实现所需的磁性能和成本效益，通过控制这一比例，可以调节所述第一永磁体的磁性能和成本之间的平衡，以满足特定的应用需求。
在一实施方式中，所述稀土材料包括钕铁硼永磁材料；和/或，
所述无稀土材料包括铁氧体或钐铁氮永磁材料。
如此，易从市场上购买得到，能批量生产。
在一实施方式中，所述第一安装槽的外侧壁的长度小于所述第一安装槽的内侧壁的长度。
如此，可以减少所述第一永磁体的磁漏磁，提高磁场的集中度和均匀性，进而通过减 少磁漏磁，可以提高电机或发电机的效率，减少能量损失，也可以在相同的磁性能下减小尺寸和重量，从而使得整体设备更加紧凑和轻便，可以在一定程度上降低材料的使用量，从而降低生产成本，这对于大规模制造具有重要意义。
在一实施方式中，所述第二安装槽设置多个，相邻的两个所述第二安装槽之间呈V字形布设。
如此，可以减少磁路中的磁阻，从而提高了磁场的传递效率，加磁场的密度，并使电机或发电机在给定的磁场下产生更大的力或输出更高的功率，也有助于减少磁漏磁，使磁场更集中，提高了设备的效率和性能，可以更好地利用可用空间，使得设备更加紧凑，尤其是在限制空间的应用场景中，可以使得设备的尺寸更小、重量更轻，也可以减少磁场的不均匀性，从而降低了设备运行时可能产生的振动和噪音。
在一实施方式中，所述第一安装槽和/或所述第二安装槽在所述转子铁芯上沿环周均匀分布设置。
如此，可以提高设备的性能和效率，使得转子结构更加平衡，减少振动和噪音，提高设备的稳定性和可靠性，使得制造和安装过程更加简单和统一，有利于生产效率和产品质量的控制。
在一实施方式中，所述第一安装槽在沿所述转子铁芯上周向上的内侧壁面上设置有凸台，用于在周向上限位所述第一永磁体；和/或，
在所述第一安装槽的内端还设有第一隔磁孔，所述第一隔磁孔的外端的宽度小于所述第一安装槽的内端的宽度，以形成有止挡凸起，用以在径向上止挡限位所述第二永磁体。
如此，所述凸台的设置，可以限定所述永磁体在所述第一安装槽内的移动，所述第一隔磁孔的设置，可以用来屏蔽或减弱磁场的影响，在一些需要保护电子元件或传感器不受外部磁场干扰的设备中，设置所述第一隔磁孔可以有效地减少外部磁场对设备正常运行的影响，可以帮助隔离不同部件或模块之间的磁场，确保它们正常工作而不受到外部磁场的干扰，所述隔磁孔还可以用于散发设备内部产生的热量，帮助设备保持正常的工作温度，提高设备的稳定性和可靠性，并且所述隔磁孔的设定使得所述铁芯上形成有磁桥，将所述第一隔磁孔的外端宽度设置小于所述第一安装槽的内端宽度，以使得所述第一永磁体安装至所述第一安装槽内时，减小所述第一永磁体掉落至所述第一隔磁孔内的风险。
在一实施方式中，所述第一隔磁孔设置多个，相邻的所述隔磁孔之间设有减重孔。
如此，所述减重孔可被设计用来减轻整体结构的重量，通过在隔磁孔之间设置减重孔，可以有效地减少材料使用量，降低整体重量。另一个作用是所述减重孔的设定可以增加空气流通的通道，有助于散热并保持设备在适宜的工作温度范围内，并且所述减重孔的设置简化制造工艺或提高整体外观美感。
在一实施方式中，所述第二安装槽的内端和外端均设有第二隔磁孔；
在所述第一安装槽的内端还设有第一隔磁孔；
在所述第一隔磁孔和/或所述第二隔磁孔内设有填充胶。
如此，在所述第一安装槽和第二安装槽的内端和外端都设置所述隔磁孔有助于提高所述电机转子结构的稳定性，这些所述隔磁孔可以提供额外的支撑和固定，防止所述电机转子结构在使用过程中发生移动或变形，并且所述第一隔磁孔和所述第二隔磁孔的设定，调节所述第一永磁体与所述第二永磁体磁场的分布和强度，使得所述铁芯上形成磁桥。
所述填充胶的填充，可以用于隔离所述电机内部的部件或电气元件，防止它们受到潮湿、灰尘或其他外部环境的影响，从而提供电气绝缘保护，所述填充胶也可以用于减少振动或冲击对设备内部部件的影响，提供一定程度的减震效果，并且，所述填充胶还可以用于固定或密封特定的部件，确保它们在运行过程中保持稳定并且不受外部环境的影响。
在一实施方式中，所述第一永磁体的充磁方向沿环周的切线方向，其N极以及S极交替设置，所述第二永磁体的充磁方向沿径向排布，其N极以及S极对应所述第一永磁体排 布，其中相互靠近的所述第一永磁体与所述第二永磁体中其中之一为N极另一个为S极。
如此，在环周上，N极和S极交替出现，形成了一个环形的磁场分布，所述第二永磁体的N极和S极沿径向排布，并且与第一永磁体的排布相对应，在径向上，N极和S极交替出现，形成了一个径向的磁场分布，在第一永磁体和第二永磁体相互靠近的区域，其中之一的极性是N极，另一个是S极，有助于产生特定的磁场分布和效应，所述第一永磁体的充磁方向沿切线方向，所述第二永磁体的充磁方向沿径向方向。
在一实施方式中，所述电机转子结构还包括：
隔磁板，在所述转轴轴线方向间隔设置于所述电机转子结构两侧；以及，
挡圈，位于所述隔磁板两侧固定设置于所述转轴上，用于限位所述隔磁板与所述电机转子结构。
如此，所述隔磁板是安装在所述电机转子结构两侧的板状部件，其作用是在所述转轴轴线方向间隔设置，用于隔离或分离转子结构两侧的磁场，并且，所述隔磁板可以帮助控制磁场的分布，从而提高设备的工作效率和精度，通过合理设置隔磁板，可以使磁场更加集中或均匀，有利于提高能量转换效率或传感器的精确度。
所述挡圈的设置，确保所述隔磁板始终保持在正确的位置，防止其在运行过程中移动或偏离轨道，这有助于确保所述电机转子结构的稳定性和可靠性，并防止可能导致损坏或性能下降的情况发生。
本申请还提出有一种电机，所述电机包括电机定子和所述电机转子结构，所述电机转子结构和所述电机定子可相对转动，其中，所述电机转子结构包括：
转轴；
转子铁芯，套设于所述转轴上，所述转子铁芯的内端部设有第一安装槽，外端部上开设有第二安装槽；
第一永磁体，设置于所述第一安装槽内；以及，
第二永磁体，设置于所述第二安装槽内；
所述第一永磁体的制成材质包括稀土材料和无稀土材料，所述第二永磁体的制成材质包括稀土材料。
如此，所述电机转子结构是安装在所述转轴上的部件，而所述电机定子则是固定在机壳内部的部件，通过所述电机转子结构和所述电机定子相对转动，从而实现所述电机的旋转运动，当所述电机运行时，电流会通过所述电机定子产生磁场，这个磁场会和所述电机转子结构上的磁场相互作用，从而产生旋转力矩，推动所述电机转子结构旋转。因此，所述电机转子结构会相对于所述电机定子进行旋转运动。
本申请的技术方案通过采用一种电机转子结构，所述电机转子结构包括有转轴、转子铁芯、第一永磁体以及第二永磁体，所述转子铁芯套设于所述转轴上，所述转子铁芯的内端部设有第一安装槽，外端部上开设有第二安装槽，所述第一永磁体设置于所述第一安装槽内，所述第二永磁体设置于所述第二安装槽内，所述第一永磁体的制成材质包括稀土材料和无稀土材料，所述第二永磁体的制成材质包括稀土材料，在所述转子铁芯的内端部与外端部均开设有所述第一安装槽与所述第二安装槽，所述第一永磁体与所述第二永磁体分别设置于所述第一安装槽与所述第二安装槽内，其中的所述第一永磁体采用了稀土和无稀土材料，以减少稀土材料的用量，并且这种结构可以减少转子漏磁，同时满足转子旋转时的结构强度要求，具有一定的工程应用价值。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请提供的电机转子结构一实施例的立体结构示意图；
图2为图1中所述电机转子结构的转子铁芯的结构示意图；
图3为图1中所述电机转子结构的转子铁芯注塑后的结构示意图。
附图标号说明：
100、电机转子结构；1、转轴；2、转子铁芯；21、第一安装槽；22、第二安装槽；23、第一隔磁孔；24、第二隔磁孔；3、第一永磁体；31、内磁体；32、外磁体；3a、无稀土材料；3b、稀土材料；4、第二永磁体；5、隔磁板；6、挡圈；7、填充胶。
本申请目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例，参照附图做进一步说明。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
需要说明，若本申请实施例中有涉及方向性指示(诸如上、下、左、右、前、后……)，则该方向性指示仅用于解释在某一特定姿态下各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等，如果该特定姿态发生改变时，则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。
另外，若本申请实施例中有涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述，则该“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。另外，若全文中出现的“和/或”或者“及/或”，其含义包括三个并列的方案，以“A和/或B”为例，包括A方案、或B方案、或A和B同时满足的方案。另外，各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本申请要求的保护范围之内。
新能源汽车电驱动系统一般采用永磁驱动电机，转子通常采用稀土永磁材料，稀土作为我国战略储备物资，随着新能源发展正快速流失，目前我国正在实施总量指标控制，稀土的价格长期看涨。此外，减少稀土材料用量也是电机重要的降本方向。一种常见的做法是采用无稀土永磁材料来替代稀土永磁材料，或者采用无稀土永磁材料和稀土永磁材料的混合励磁方案，但无稀土永磁材料通常磁能积比较低，单独使用时，体积和重量较大，存在漏磁大，结构强度低等问题，对转子结构强度设计提出挑战；此外，无稀土永磁材料还存在抗去磁能力弱的问题。
鉴于此，在本申请提供一种电机转子结构，图1至图3为所述电机转子结构的示意图。
请参见图1与图2，所述电机转子结构100，所述电机转子结构100包括有转轴1、转子铁芯2、第一永磁体3以及第二永磁体4，所述转子铁芯2套设于所述转轴1上，所述转子铁芯2的内端部设有第一安装槽21，外端部上开设有第二安装槽22，所述第一永磁体3设置于所述第一安装槽21内，所述第二永磁体4设置于所述第二安装槽22内，所述第一永磁体3的制成材质包括稀土材料3b和无稀土材料3a，所述第二永磁体4的制成材质包括稀土材料3b。
本申请的技术方案通过采用一种电机转子结构100，所述电机转子结构100包括有转轴1、转子铁芯2、第一永磁体3以及第二永磁体4，所述转子铁芯2套设于所述转轴1上，所述转子铁芯2的内端部设有第一安装槽21，外端部上开设有第二安装槽22，所述第一永磁体3设置于所述第一安装槽21内，所述第二永磁体4设置于所述第二安装槽22内，所述第一永磁体3的制成材质包括稀土材料3b和无稀土材料3a，所述第二永磁体4的制成材质包括稀土材料3b，在所述转子铁芯2的内端部与外端部均开设有所述第一安装槽21与所述第二安装槽22，所述第一永磁体3与所述第二永磁体4分别设置于所述第一安 装槽21与所述第二安装槽22内，其中的所述第一永磁体3采用了稀土和无稀土材料3a，以减少稀土材料3b的用量，并且这种结构可以减少转子漏磁，同时满足转子旋转时的结构强度要求，具有一定的工程应用价值。
其中，所述第一永磁体3内的各个材料之间可以通过粘接的形式连接，连接方式不限，所述稀土材料3b通常具有较高的磁性能，包括较高的矫顽力和剩磁，具有较高的热稳定性和化学稳定性，能够在较高温度和恶劣环境下保持稳定的磁性能，因此在需要高性能的所述永磁体的应用中广泛使用，而所述无稀土材料3a通常具有较低的磁性能，但成本较低，在考虑成本因素时，可以选择无稀土材料3a。
在本实施例中，所述第一磁永体包括有内磁体31以及外磁体32，所述外磁体32环绕所述内磁体31设置。处于外表面的为所述外磁体32，处于内部的为所述内磁体31，如此设置，利用所述外磁体32来增强或调节内磁体31产生的磁场，以实现更好的性能和效率，所述外磁体32的环绕设置有助于控制磁场的分布，并进一步优化电机的运行特性。
所述内磁体31和所述外磁体32之间的安装方式不限，可以通过将一个磁体直接安装在另一个磁体的外部表面上，也可以通过设计合适的隔磁结构或者安装槽，以确保内部磁体能够稳固地安装在外部磁体内部，也可以通过夹持的方式将内外磁体32固定在一起，例如使用夹具、夹紧装置或者夹持架等结构，以确保内外磁体32保持相对位置不变。
进一步，在本实施例中，所述内磁体31嵌设于所述外磁体32内，通过将所述内磁体31嵌入所述外磁体32内部，可以使两者之间更紧密地接触，有助于提高磁场的传递效率，从而提高电机的性能。所述内磁体31与所述外磁体32之间更紧密的接触可以减少磁场传递过程中的能量损失，从而提高磁场的传递效率，这意味着更多的磁场能够被传递到所述外磁体32表面，进而，提高了电机的输出功率和效率，所述内磁体31嵌入所述外磁体32内部可以减小所述内外磁体32之间的空隙，从而减少了空隙效应对磁场传递的影响，这有助于使磁场在所述内磁体31与所述外磁体32之间更加均匀地分布，提高了电机的磁场稳定性和性能，嵌入所述内磁体31可以增加所述外磁体32的有效磁路长度，这有助于增强磁场的传递和聚焦效果。通过优化磁路设计，可以实现更高的磁场密度和更强的磁力，进而提高电机的输出功率和扭矩密度，所述内磁体31嵌入所述外磁体32内部可以增强磁体的整体结构强度和稳定性，减少了因机械振动或外部冲击而导致的磁体位移或破损的风险。这有助于延长电机的使用寿命，并提高其可靠性和耐用性。
本申请对所述电机转子结构100的所述第一永磁体3的制成材质进行了改进，采取了所述稀土材料3b和所述无稀土材料3a，其中所述无稀土材料3a和所述稀土材料3b的体积比例可以优选为3：1至1：1，以此来平衡所述稀土和所述无稀土材料3a的特性，以实现所需的磁性能和成本效益，通过控制这一比例，可以调节所述第一永磁体3的磁性能和成本之间的平衡，以满足特定的应用需求，所述稀土材料3b和所述无稀土材料3a在所述第一永磁体3内的比例对于所述第一永磁体3的性能和应用具有重要影响，当所述磁性要求较高时可以提高所述稀土材料3b的占比，在对磁性能要求不高的场合里可以将所述无锡图材料的占比调高，在本实施例中优选为3：1至1：1，显然比例范围不限于此。
其中，所述稀土材料3b可以包括有钕铁硼永磁材料，和/或所述无稀土材料3a包括铁氧体或钐铁氮永磁材料。其中，所述钕铁硼永磁材料与所述铁氧体或钐铁氮永磁材料均易从市场上购买得到，能批量生产。所述钕铁硼是一种常用的稀土永磁材料，具有非常强大的磁性能。它由钕、铁和硼等元素组成。这种材料具有高磁能积、高矫顽力和良好的耐腐蚀性，使其在各种应用中得到广泛应用，包括电机、发电机、磁盘驱动器、磁体等。所述铁氧体和所述钐铁氮都是常见的永磁材料，所述铁氧体是一类由铁、氧和一些其他金属离子组成的氧化物。它们通常具有较低的矫顽力和磁能积，但具有良好的耐腐蚀性和耐热性。所述铁氧体常用于低成本、低功率需求和高温环境下的应用，如电子变压器、电磁感应器、磁环等，所述钐铁氮是一种由钐、铁和氮组成的稀土永磁材料，相对于所述铁氧体，所述 钐铁氮具有更高的矫顽力和磁能积，但通常也更昂贵，它们在高温和高性能要求的应用中表现出色，如航空航天、国防和精密仪器等领域。显然不限于此，所述稀土材料3b还包括有铽钴等，所述无稀土材料3a还包括有铝镍钴磁体等，其中，所述钴磁体具有较高的矫顽力，能够在较低的磁场下保持稳定的磁性能，同时具有良好的抗磁漏性能，能够减小磁场的泄漏，提高电机的效率，所述铽钴磁体在高温下仍能保持较高的矫顽力，具有较好的温度稳定性，能够适用于高温环境下，所述铽钴磁体具有较好的抗腐蚀性能，能够在恶劣环境下长期稳定工作，所述铽钴磁体具有较高的剩磁和矫顽力，能够提供较高的磁能积，适用于要求高能量密度的应用，所述铝镍钴磁体具有较高的剩磁和矫顽力，能够提供良好的磁能积，所述铝镍钴磁体在高温下依然能够保持良好的磁性能，具有较高的工作温度范围，所述铝镍钴磁体具有较好的抗腐蚀性能，能够在恶劣环境下稳定工作，延长使用寿命，所述铝镍钴磁体具有较好的磁性能稳定性，不易受外界影响而发生磁性能变化，保持长期稳定的工作状态，所述铝镍钴磁体的成本较低，使其在一些成本敏感的应用中更具竞争力。
此外，参阅图1至图2，所述第一安装槽21的外侧壁的长度小于所述第一安装槽21的内侧壁的长度。如此设置，可以减少所述第一永磁体3的磁漏磁，提高磁场的集中度和均匀性，进而通过减少磁漏磁，可以提高电机或发电机的效率，减少能量损失，并且设置呈梯形形状可以增加所述第一永磁体3的有效磁路长度，提高其磁化强度和输出功率，相比于传统的方形设置，梯形设置可以在相同的磁性能下减小尺寸和重量，从而使得整体设备更加紧凑和轻便，可以在一定程度上降低材料的使用量，从而降低生产成本，这对于大规模制造具有重要意义。
所述转子铁芯2一般设置呈圆柱形，圆柱形的所述转子铁芯2的结构相对简单，易于加工和制造，降低了制造成本和工艺复杂度，可以在整个所述转子周围形成均匀的磁场分布，有利于提高所述电机的性能和效率，并且呈圆柱形设置的所述转子铁芯2具有较好的结构稳定性和机械强度，能够承受较大的机械载荷和转速。
所述第二安装槽22的形状不限，可以设置呈三角形、长方形等等，排布可以沿着所述转子铁芯2的外圆环呈斜线布设或者交错布设，也可以均匀规律间隔布设。
对于所述第二安装槽22，在本实施例中，将其设置有多个，并且将相邻的两个所述第二安装槽22之间呈V字形布设，呈现V字形排布可以减少磁路中的磁阻，从而提高了磁场的传递效率。这样可以增加磁场的密度，并使电机或发电机在给定的磁场下产生更大的力或输出更高的功率，也有助于减少磁漏磁，使磁场更集中，提高了设备的效率和性能，并且所述V字形排列可以更好地利用可用空间，使得设备更加紧凑，尤其是在限制空间的应用场景中，可以使得设备的尺寸更小、重量更轻，V字形排列可以减少磁场的不均匀性，从而降低了设备运行时可能产生的振动和噪音。
参阅图2，所述第二安装槽22呈长方形布设以容纳所述第二永磁体4，呈长方形布设方可以提供更好的支撑和固定永磁体，从而减少永磁体在运行过程中的位移和震动。这有助于保持磁场的稳定性和一致性，提高设备的性能和效率，设置呈长方形结构相对简单，易于制造和加工，同时也更容易安装所述第二永磁体4。这可以降低制造成本并提高生产效率，且可以提供更大的表面积，有助于散热，减少所述第二永磁体4在运行过程中因温度升高而引起的性能下降或者损坏，可以增强永磁体的结构刚度，降低在高速旋转或者高负载条件下产生的振动和变形，从而提高设备的可靠性和稳定性，能够更好地控制永磁体的位置和布置，有助于优化磁场分布，提高设备的性能和效率。
在另一实施例中，所述第二安装槽22还可以设置呈三角形，相邻的两个所述第二安装槽22平行设置，以适配所述永磁体的形状。通过将所述第二安装槽22设计成三角形，可以在保持相邻槽之间平行的同时，最大程度地减少槽与永磁体之间的间隙。这样一来，所述第二永磁体4可以更紧密地嵌入到所述第二安装槽22中，有效地防止在电机运行过程中出现松动或移位的情况，此外，三角形的形状还具有一定的结构稳定性，能够承受更 大的力量和压力，使得所述第二安装槽22在长时间的使用中不易变形或损坏。这有助于确保所述第二永磁体4在电机运行期间始终保持良好的位置和姿态，最大程度地发挥其磁性能。因此，将所述第二安装槽22设置为三角形，以平行方式安排相邻槽，能够提高电机装配的效率和可靠性，进而增强电机的性能和耐用性。
并且，在本实施例中，将所述第一安装槽21和/或所述第二安装槽22在所述转子铁芯2上沿环周均匀分布设置，这样可以确保装配部件时的均衡性和稳定性，通过在环周均匀分布这些安装槽，可以实现装配件的均匀受力分布，减少不必要的应力集中，并提高转子的整体性能和寿命，通过可以实现磁场的均匀分布，从而提高设备的性能和效率，使得转子结构100更加平衡，减少振动和噪音，提高设备的稳定性和可靠性，并且均匀分布的所述第一安装槽21和/或所述第二安装槽22使得制造和安装过程更加简单和统一，有利于生产效率和产品质量的控制。其中，所述均匀布设指的是按照所述电机转子结构100的性能要求等距离的在所述电机转子结构100上设置所述第一安装槽21与所述第二安装槽22。
此外，所述第一安装槽21在沿所述转子铁芯2上周向上的内侧壁面上设置有凸台，用于在周向上限位所述第一永磁体3；和/或在所述第一安装槽21的内端还设有第一隔磁孔23，所述第一隔磁孔23的外端的宽度小于所述第一安装槽21的内端的宽度，以形成有止挡凸起，用以在径向上止挡限位所述第二永磁体4。所述凸台设置于所述内侧壁面上可以使得所述第一永磁体3更加稳固的置于所述第一安装槽21内，所述凸台可以沿周向设置于所述内侧面，限定所述第一永磁体3的周向移动，减小所述第一永磁体3在周向上晃动的风险，也可以沿所述径向方向设置于所述内侧面，去限定所述第一永磁体3的径向方向的移动，减小所述第一永磁体3在径向上晃动的风险，显然不限于此，所述凸台也可以限定所述第一永磁体3的轴向位移，减小所述第一永磁体3在轴向上掉落的风险。
并且，在所述第一安装槽21的内端还设有第一隔磁孔23，所述第一隔磁孔23的外端的宽度小于所述第一安装槽21的内端的宽度，以形成有止挡凸起，用以在径向上止挡限位所述第二永磁体4。所述隔磁孔是指在电子设备或机械装置中设置的用于隔离磁场的孔洞，所述第一隔磁孔23的设置，可以用来屏蔽或减弱磁场的影响，在一些需要保护电子元件或传感器不受外部磁场干扰的设备中，设置所述第一隔磁孔23可以有效地减少外部磁场对设备正常运行的影响，可以帮助隔离不同部件或模块之间的磁场，确保它们正常工作而不受到外部磁场的干扰，所述隔磁孔还可以用于散发设备内部产生的热量，帮助设备保持正常的工作温度，提高设备的稳定性和可靠性，并且所述隔磁孔的设定使得所述铁芯2上形成有磁桥。所述磁桥可以有效地将磁场从其中之一所述永磁体传递到另一个所述永磁体，增强磁场的传递效率。
将所述第一隔磁孔23的外端宽度设置小于所述第一安装槽21的内端宽度，以使得所述第一永磁体3安装至所述第一安装槽21内时，将所述第一隔磁孔23的外端宽度设置小于所述第一安装槽21的内端宽度，这个设计考虑到了安装所述第一永磁体3时的稳定性和安全性，当所述第一永磁体3安装到第一安装槽21内时，由于所述第一隔磁孔23的外端宽度较小，其内部空间将与所述第一永磁体3之间形成一种拱形结构，这种结构可以有效减少所述第一永磁体3意外掉落到所述第一隔磁孔23内的风险，通过确保所述第一永磁体3安全地固定在所述第一安装槽21内，可以提高设备的可靠性和稳定性，同时减少维护和修复的需求，从而延长设备的使用寿命和性能表现。
进一步，所述第一隔磁孔23设置多个，相邻的所述隔磁孔之间设有减重孔。所述减重孔可被设计用来减轻整体结构的重量，通过在隔磁孔之间设置减重孔，可以有效地减少材料使用量，降低整体重量。另一个作用是所述减重孔的设定可以增加空气流通的通道，有助于散热并保持设备在适宜的工作温度范围内，并且所述减重孔的设置简化制造工艺或提高整体外观美感，多个所述隔磁孔对应所述第一永磁体3与所述第二永磁体4设置。
在本实施例中，参阅图2，所述第二安装槽22的内端和外端均设有第二隔磁孔24， 在所述第一安装槽21的内端还设有第一隔磁孔23，在所述第一隔磁孔23和/或所述第二隔磁孔24内设有填充胶7。在所述第一安装槽21和第二安装槽22的内端和外端都设置所述隔磁孔有助于提高所述电机转子结构100的稳定性，这些所述隔磁孔可以提供额外的支撑和固定，防止所述电机转子结构100在使用过程中发生移动或变形，并且所述第一隔磁孔23和所述第二隔磁孔24的设定，调节所述第一永磁体3与所述第二永磁体4磁场的分布和强度，使得所述铁芯2上形成磁桥，进而所述磁桥磁桥可以提供一条额外的磁路，使磁场更容易通过所述铁芯2传导，这有助于磁场在铁芯2中形成更完整、更连续的闭合路径，从而增强电机的磁路连接，提高效率，所述磁桥可以减少磁路中的磁阻，从而降低磁通的损失。这有助于减少所述铁芯2的能量损耗，并提高设备的能效，通过形成磁桥，可以减少所述铁芯2中磁通密度不均匀性，从而减少磁饱和的风险，有助于确保设备在额定工作条件下能够稳定运行，并延长设备的使用寿命，所述磁桥可以促使磁场更均匀地分布在铁芯2中，减少了局部磁场集中造成的铁损。这有助于降低设备的热损耗，提高其工作效率。
参阅图3，所述填充胶7的填充，可以用于隔离所述电机内部的部件或电气元件，防止它们受到潮湿、灰尘或其他外部环境的影响，从而提供电气绝缘保护，所述填充胶7也可以用于减少振动或冲击对设备内部部件的影响，提供一定程度的减震效果，并且，所述填充胶7还可以用于固定或密封特定的部件，确保它们在运行过程中保持稳定并且不受外部环境的影响，注塑可以填充所述隔震孔，增加所述第一永磁体3和所述第二永磁体4与周围结构之间的接触面积，从而提高系统的抗震能力，有助于减少设备在地震或其他振动环境中的受损风险，保护所述第一永磁体3和所述第二永磁体4。所述注塑材料可以减少振动在所述永磁体和所述隔震孔间隙之间的传输。这有助于减少机械噪音和振动，提高设备的稳定性和舒适性，注塑还可以填补所述隔震孔，增加了永磁体与结构之间的连接面积，从而增强了结构的整体机械强度。这有助于防止永磁体在运输或使用过程中发生移位或松动，注塑可以在所述隔震孔周围形成密封层，防止灰尘、水分或其他污染物进入孔内，从而保护所述永磁体免受腐蚀和污染的影响，延长其使用寿命。
常用的填充胶7包括有环氧树脂、聚氨酯、硅胶、聚酰亚胺以及环保型填充材料。所述环氧树脂是一种常用的注塑填充材料，具有优良的机械性能和化学性能，适用于要求高强度和耐腐蚀性的场合，所述聚氨酯具有良好的弹性和耐磨性，适用于需要减震和缓冲的应用，例如填充隔震孔以减少振动传输，所述硅胶具有优良的耐高温和耐化学腐蚀性能，适用于高温环境或有特殊化学要求的应用，所述聚酰亚胺具有出色的耐高温性能和机械强度，适用于高温环境下的填充和封装，所述环保型填充材料，如生物降解材料或可再生材料，也被广泛应用于注塑填充，以降低对环境的影响。
在本实施例中，在所述隔磁孔中注入的材料可选取有非磁性材料、耐高温材料、耐腐蚀材料、绝缘材料以及弹性材料。为了避免干扰磁场，通常会选择非磁性材料填充隔磁孔，例如塑料或橡胶等，若填充材料对环境要求高，可以选择耐高温的注塑材料，例如聚酰亚胺或硅胶等，如果所述隔磁孔处于腐蚀性环境中，需要选择具有良好耐腐蚀性能的注塑材料，例如环氧树脂或特殊涂层的材料等，为了保护所述永磁体，填充材料需要具有良好的绝缘性能，以防止电气短路或漏电等问题，当对弹性要求高的时候，需要填充材料具有一定的弹性，以减少振动传输或缓冲冲击，因此，可以选择具有良好弹性的注塑材料，如聚氨酯等。
参阅图2，一般来说，所述永磁体的充磁方向可以选择与所述电机转子结构100的轴向方向一致，或者与之相反，在本实施例中，所述第一永磁体3的充磁方向沿环周的切线方向，其N极以及S极交替设置，所述第二永磁体4的充磁方向沿径向排布，其N极以及S极对应所述第一永磁体3排布，其中相互靠近的所述第一永磁体3与所述第二永磁体4中其中之一为N极另一个为S极，所述第一永磁体3的N极和S极沿环周的切线方向交 替排布，这意味着在环周上，N极和S极交替出现，形成了一个环形的磁场分布，所述第二永磁体4的N极和S极沿径向排布，并且与第一永磁体3的排布相对应，在径向上，N极和S极交替出现，形成了一个径向的磁场分布，在第一永磁体3和第二永磁体4相互靠近的区域，其中之一的极性是N极，另一个是S极，有助于产生特定的磁场分布和效应，所述第一永磁体3的充磁方向沿切线方向，所述第二永磁体4的充磁方向沿径向方向，根据磁学规律，N极和S极会相互吸引，而N极与N极或S极与S极会相互排斥，这种相互作用源于磁场的存在，当两个所述永磁体相靠近时，它们的磁场会相互影响，从而产生吸引或排斥的力，所以在本实施例中，相靠近的所述第一永磁体3与所述第二永磁体4为N极和S极相贴近，异性磁极相吸引。
此外，参阅图2，所述电子转子结构100还包括有隔磁板5和挡圈6，所述隔磁板5在所述转轴1轴线方向间隔设置于所述电机转子结构100两侧，所述挡圈6位于所述隔磁板5两侧固定设置于所述转轴1上，用于限位所述隔磁板5与所述电机转子结构100，其中，所述隔磁板5是安装在所述电机转子结构100两侧的板状部件，其作用是在所述转轴1的轴线方向间隔设置，用于隔离或分离所述电机转子结构100两侧的磁场，并且，所述隔磁板5可以帮助控制磁场的分布，从而提高设备的工作效率和精度，通过合理设置隔磁板5，可以使磁场更加集中或均匀，有利于提高能量转换效率或传感器的精确度。所述挡圈6位于所述隔磁板5两侧，固定设置在所述转轴1上，用于限位所述隔磁板5与所述电机转子结构100之间的位置，所述挡圈6的作用是确保所述隔磁板5始终保持在正确的位置，防止其在运行过程中移动或偏离轨道，这有助于确保所述电机转子结构100的稳定性和可靠性，并防止可能导致损坏或性能下降的情况发生。所述隔磁板5的数量和位置的设置会影响所述电机转子结构100中磁场的分布，也会影响所述电机转子结构100的热量散发能力，在本实施例中，所述隔磁板5设置有两个，分别置于所述转子铁芯2的两侧，可以有效地限制磁场在转子周围的扩散，从而减少了能量损失和提高了电机的效率。此外，这种配置还有助于减小震动和噪音，提高电机的稳定性和寿命。所述挡圈6设置有两个分设于所述两个所述隔磁板5旁，以限位所述隔磁板5与所述转子铁芯2的移动。
本申请还提出一种电机，所述电机包括所述电机转子结构100以及电机定子，所述电机转子结构100和所述电机定子可相对转动，所述电机转子结构100包括转轴1、转子铁芯2、第一永磁体3以及第二永磁体4，所述转子铁芯2套设于所述转轴1上，所述转子铁芯2的内端部设有第一安装槽21，外端部上开设有第二安装槽22，所述第一永磁体3设置于所述第一安装槽21内，所述第二永磁体4设置于所述第二安装槽22内，所述第一永磁体3的制成材质包括稀土材料3b和无稀土材料3a，所述第二永磁体4的制成材质包括稀土材料3b。其中，所述电机转子结构100是安装在所述转轴1上的部件，而所述电机定子则是固定在机壳内部的部件，通过所述电机转子结构100和所述电机定子相对转动，从而实现所述电机的旋转运动，当所述电机运行时，电流会通过所述电机定子产生磁场，这个磁场会和所述电机转子结构100上的磁场相互作用，从而产生旋转力矩，推动所述电机转子结构100旋转。因此，所述电机转子结构100会相对于所述电机定子进行旋转运动，所述电机转子结构100是由导体制成的，而所述定子则包含产生磁场的线圈或磁铁。当在所述电机定子中通以电流时，产生的磁场会与所述电机转子结构100中的导体互相作用，从而产生旋转力，推动所述电机转子进结构行旋转。
以上所述仅为本申请的示例性的实施方式，并非因此限制本申请的专利范围，凡是在本申请的技术构思下，利用本申请说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本申请的专利保护范围内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种电机转子结构，其中，所述电机转子结构包括：
    转轴；
    转子铁芯，套设于所述转轴上，所述转子铁芯的内端部设有第一安装槽，外端部上开设有第二安装槽；
    第一永磁体，设置于所述第一安装槽内；以及，
    第二永磁体，设置于所述第二安装槽内；
    所述第一永磁体的制成材质包括稀土材料和无稀土材料，所述第二永磁体的制成材质包括稀土材料。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电机转子结构，其中，所述第一永磁体包括内磁体以及外磁体，所述外磁体环绕所述内磁体设置。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的电机转子结构，其中，所述内磁体嵌设于所述外磁体内。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的电机转子结构，其中，在所述第一永磁体内，所述无稀土材料与所述稀土的材料的体积比例在3：1至1：1之间。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的电机转子结构，其中，所述稀土材料包括钕铁硼永磁材料；和/或，
    所述无稀土材料包括铁氧体或钐铁氮永磁材料。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的电机转子结构，其中，所述第一安装槽的外侧壁的长度小于所述第一安装槽的内侧壁的长度。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的电机转子结构，其中，所述第二安装槽设置多个，相邻的两个所述第二安装槽之间呈V字形布设。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的电机转子结构，其中，所述第一安装槽和/或所述第二安装槽在所述转子铁芯上沿环周均匀分布设置。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的电机转子结构，其中，所述第一安装槽在沿所述转子铁芯上周向上的内侧壁面上设置有凸台，用于在周向上限位所述第一永磁体；和/或，
    在所述第一安装槽的内端还设有第一隔磁孔，所述第一隔磁孔的外端的宽度小于所述第一安装槽的内端的宽度，以形成有止挡凸起，用以在径向上止挡限位所述第二永磁体。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的电机转子结构，其中，所述第一隔磁孔设置多个，相邻的所述隔磁孔之间设有减重孔。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的电机转子结构，其中，所述第二安装槽的内端和外端均设有第二隔磁孔；
    在所述第一安装槽的内端还设有第一隔磁孔；
    在所述第一隔磁孔和/或所述第二隔磁孔内设有填充胶。
  12. 如权利要求1所述的电机转子结构，其中，所述第一永磁体的充磁方向沿环周的切线方向，其N极以及S极交替设置，所述第二永磁体的充磁方向沿径向排布，其N极以及S极对应所述第一永磁体排布，其中相互靠近的所述第一永磁体与所述第二永磁体中其中之一为N极另一个为S极。
  13. 如权利要求1所述的电机转子结构，其中，所述电机转子结构还包括：
    隔磁板，在所述转轴轴线方向间隔设置于所述电机转子结构两侧；以及，
    挡圈，位于所述隔磁板两侧固定设置于所述转轴上，用于限位所述隔磁板与所述电机转子结构。
  14. 一种电机，其中，所述电机包括权利要求13中所述的电机转子结构
    以及电机定子，所述电机转子结构和所述电机定子可相对转动。
PCT/CN2024/121120 2024-06-14 2024-09-25 电机转子结构及电机 Pending WO2025255995A1 (zh)

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CN119315735A (zh) * 2024-12-19 2025-01-14 深圳市莱德动力技术有限公司 一种无稀土永磁同步电机结构和设计方法
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