WO2025255950A1 - 电池和用电设备 - Google Patents

电池和用电设备

Info

Publication number
WO2025255950A1
WO2025255950A1 PCT/CN2024/113689 CN2024113689W WO2025255950A1 WO 2025255950 A1 WO2025255950 A1 WO 2025255950A1 CN 2024113689 W CN2024113689 W CN 2024113689W WO 2025255950 A1 WO2025255950 A1 WO 2025255950A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
connector
battery
heat exchange
cooling plate
cooling plates
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/113689
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱昊
高佳静
李俊荣
林伟龙
吴明辉
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Publication of WO2025255950A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025255950A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H01M10/6557—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange arranged between the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of battery technology, and more particularly to a battery and an electrical device.
  • This application provides a battery and an electrical device, and is used to improve the thermal management efficiency of the battery.
  • this application provides a battery comprising multiple battery cells and a heat exchange assembly.
  • the multiple battery cells are arranged in multiple rows, and the multiple rows of battery cells are arranged along the length or width direction of the battery.
  • the heat exchange assembly is disposed between two adjacent rows of battery cells.
  • the heat exchange assembly includes a support member and two cooling plates disposed on the support member. The two cooling plates are attached to a corresponding row of battery cells and are interconnected.
  • the heat exchange assembly includes a connecting pipe that connects the two cooling plates in the heat exchange assembly.
  • the connecting pipe includes a first connector and a second connector. The first connector and the second connector are respectively disposed on the two cooling plates, and the first connector and the second connector are mated together.
  • the battery is arranged between two rows of spaced battery cells via a heat exchange assembly.
  • the cooling plates in the heat exchange assembly are interconnected, and two cooling plates in the heat exchange assembly are connected by a connecting pipe, allowing the heat exchange medium to circulate between the two cooling plates.
  • a first connector and a second connector connect and mate the two cooling plates respectively, simplifying the manufacturing process and flow of the connecting pipe and improving production efficiency.
  • the first connector and the second connector are fixedly connected.
  • the structural strength of the connecting pipe is enhanced, and the connection position between the first and second joints remains stable, thereby improving the structural stability of the connecting pipe and the cooling plate.
  • the first and second joints can form an integral structure, further improving the sealing and reliability of the connecting pipe, reducing the number of parts, and increasing space utilization.
  • the axial directions of both the first and second joints are parallel to the thickness direction of the cooling plate.
  • the connecting pipe is perpendicular to the two cooling plates, thereby reducing the space occupied by the heat exchange components and thus improving the volumetric energy density of the battery.
  • the second connector is inserted into the first connector.
  • the connection strength between the first and second connectors is improved, which also helps to make the internal structure of the battery more compact.
  • the maximum outer diameters of the first connector and the second connector are equal, an enlarged hole is formed on the inner wall of the first connector, the second connector includes a first segment and a second segment connected to the first segment, the outer diameter of the first segment is smaller than the outer diameter of the second segment, and the first segment is inserted into the enlarged hole.
  • the maximum outer diameters of the first and second connectors are equal, allowing the outer circumferential surfaces of the first and second connectors to smoothly connect after the first segment is inserted into the enlarged hole.
  • the first connector forms an enlarged hole, and the smaller outer diameter of the first segment of the second connector is inserted into the enlarged hole, simplifying the assembly process, improving battery manufacturing efficiency, and making the connection between the first and second connectors more stable.
  • a connecting medium is present between the first connector and the second connector, and the connecting medium seals the gap between the first connector and the second connector.
  • the first and second joints can be connected as seamlessly as possible, thereby preventing the heat exchange medium from leaking at the connection between the first and second joints and thus improving the reliability of the battery.
  • the first connector and the second connector are metal connectors.
  • metal connectors for both the first and second terminals, the flame-retardant and high-temperature resistance properties are improved, which is beneficial for enhancing the battery's performance. Reliability. Furthermore, metal joints possess high strength and thermal conductivity, which helps improve the structural stability and heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange components.
  • the connecting pipe is located at one end of the cooling plate along the arrangement direction of the single-row battery cells.
  • the connecting pipe is set at one end of the cooling plate along the arrangement direction of the single row of battery cells, so that the heat exchange medium flowing in the cooling plate can fully exchange heat with the corresponding row of battery cells.
  • the battery also includes an adapter that connects cooling plates on two adjacent supports.
  • the adapter is located on the other end of the cooling plate away from the connecting pipe.
  • the adapter connects the cooling plates on two adjacent support members, allowing multiple heat exchange components to be connected through the adapter. This enables the heat exchange medium to circulate among multiple heat exchange components, facilitating the joint management of battery heat by multiple heat exchange components.
  • all the cooling plates in multiple heat exchange assemblies are connected in series via connecting pipes and adapters.
  • this application provides an electrical device that includes a battery according to any of the above embodiments.
  • the electrical device in this application includes the battery of the above-described embodiment, and therefore has all the beneficial effects of the battery provided in the embodiments of this application.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the vehicle structure according to some embodiments of this application.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded structural diagram of a battery according to some embodiments of this application.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded structural diagram of a battery cell according to some embodiments of this application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the battery structure with part of the casing removed in some embodiments of this application;
  • Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the battery in Figure 4 from a frontal view.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat exchange component according to some embodiments of this application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the heat exchange components of some embodiments of this application from a frontal view
  • FIG 8 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the heat exchange component in part A of Figure 7;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the combination of the first connector and the cooling plate in some embodiments of this application.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the combination of the second connector and the cooling plate in some embodiments of this application.
  • Vehicle 1000 Motor 300, controller 400; Battery 100, housing 10, first part 11, second part 12, battery cell 20, end cap 21, electrode terminal 21a, shell 22, cell assembly 23, tab 23a; Battery row 24, battery pack 25, first battery pack 251, second battery pack 252, first battery cell 20a, second battery cell 20b, heat exchange assembly 30, support member 31, cooling plate 33, first end 331, second end 332, first cooling plate 333, first side 3331, second cooling plate 334, second side 3342, connecting pipe 35, first connector 351, enlarged hole 3510, second connector 352, first section 3521, second section 3522, stepped surface 3524, connecting medium 353, adapter 40.
  • Battery 100 housing 10, first part 11, second part 12, battery cell 20, end cap 21, electrode terminal 21a, shell 22, cell assembly 23, tab 23a
  • the term "and/or” is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist.
  • a and/or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone.
  • the character "/" in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.
  • multiple refers to two or more (including two), similarly, “multiple sets” refers to two or more (including two sets), and “multiple pieces” refers to two or more (including two pieces).
  • Power batteries are not only used in energy storage systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power, and solar power plants, but also extensively used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, and electric cars, as well as in military equipment and aerospace. With the continuous expansion of power battery applications, market demand is also constantly increasing.
  • Batteries can be categorized into primary batteries and rechargeable batteries based on whether they are rechargeable.
  • Primary batteries also known as galvanic cells, cannot be recharged after their charge is depleted and must be discarded.
  • Rechargeable batteries also called secondary batteries or rechargeable batteries, can be used multiple times after recharging.
  • Common types of rechargeable batteries include lead-acid batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, and lithium-ion batteries.
  • the battery described in the embodiments of this application can be a disposable battery or a rechargeable battery.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module comprising one or more individual battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack, etc.
  • cooling plates are typically installed inside the battery casing.
  • the cooling plate is located at the bottom of the battery casing.
  • the cooling plate is located between adjacent battery cells, in close contact with the large surface area of the battery cells. Heat exchange occurs between the battery cells and the cooling plate; as the temperature of the cooling plate changes, the temperature of the battery cells in contact with it also changes.
  • cooling plates have irregularly shaped water nozzles at both ends, and adjacent cooling plates are connected by injection-molded tubing with embedded thick soft rubber.
  • injection-molded tubing occupies too much internal space in the casing, resulting in a decrease in the volumetric energy density of the battery.
  • the battery includes multiple battery cells and a heat exchange assembly.
  • the multiple battery cells are arranged in multiple rows, and the heat exchange assembly is disposed between two adjacent rows of battery cells.
  • the heat exchange assembly includes a support member and two cooling plates disposed on the support member. The two cooling plates are attached to a corresponding row of battery cells and are interconnected via a metal connector. This direct connection between the two cooling plates in the heat exchange assembly reduces the space occupancy of the heat exchange assembly, thereby improving the battery's performance. Volumetric energy density.
  • the batteries disclosed in this application can be used in electrical devices that use batteries as a power source or in various energy storage systems that use batteries as energy storage elements.
  • Electrical devices can be, but are not limited to, mobile phones, tablets, laptops, electric toys, power tools, electric vehicles, electric cars, ships, spacecraft, etc.
  • Electric toys can include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • Spacecraft can include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, etc.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided in some embodiments of this application.
  • the vehicle 1000 can be a gasoline-powered vehicle, a natural gas-powered vehicle, or a new energy vehicle. New energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, or range-extended electric vehicles, etc.
  • a battery 100 is disposed inside the vehicle 1000, and the battery 100 can be located at the bottom, front, or rear of the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery 100 can be used to power the vehicle 1000; for example, the battery 100 can serve as the operating power source for the vehicle 1000.
  • the vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 400 and a motor 300.
  • the controller 400 is used to control the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300, for example, to meet the power needs of the vehicle 1000 during startup, navigation, and driving.
  • the battery 100 can not only serve as the operating power source for the vehicle 1000, but also as the driving power source for the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery 100 includes a housing 10 and a battery cell 20, with the battery cell 20 housed within the housing 10.
  • the housing 10 provides a space for the battery cell 20 and can adopt various structures.
  • the housing 10 may include a first portion 11 and a second portion 12, which overlap each other, jointly defining a space for accommodating the battery cell 20.
  • the second portion 12 may be a hollow structure with one open end, and the first portion 11 may be a plate-like structure, covering the open side of the second portion 12 so that the first portion 11 and the second portion 12 jointly define the space.
  • first portion 11 and the second portion 12 may both be hollow structures with one open side, with the open side of the first portion 11 covering the open side of the second portion 12.
  • the housing 10 formed by the first portion 11 and the second portion 12 can be of various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, etc.
  • battery 100 there can be multiple battery cells 20, which can be connected in series, parallel, or in a mixed manner.
  • a mixed connection means that multiple battery cells 20 are connected in both series and parallel configurations. Multiple battery cells 20 can be directly connected in series, parallel, or in a mixed manner, and then the entire assembly of the multiple battery cells 20 is housed within the housing 10.
  • battery 100 can also be composed of multiple battery cells 20 first connected in series, parallel, or in a mixed manner to form battery modules, and then these modules are connected in series, parallel, or in a mixed manner to form a whole, which is then housed within the housing 10.
  • Battery 100 may also include other structures; for example, it may include a busbar component for electrical connection between the multiple battery cells 20.
  • Each battery cell 20 can be a secondary battery 100 or a primary battery 100; it can also be a lithium-sulfur battery 100, a sodium-ion battery 100, or a magnesium-ion battery 100, but is not limited to these.
  • the battery cell 20 can be cylindrical, flat, cuboid, or other shapes.
  • FIG 3 is an exploded structural diagram of a battery cell 20 provided in some embodiments of this application.
  • a battery cell 20 refers to the smallest unit that makes up a battery.
  • the battery cell 20 includes an end cap 21, a housing 22, a cell assembly 23, and other functional components.
  • End cap 21 refers to a component that covers the opening of housing 22 to isolate the internal environment of battery cell 20 from the external environment.
  • the shape of end cap 21 can be adapted to the shape of housing 22 to fit it.
  • end cap 21 can be made of a material with certain hardness and strength (such as aluminum alloy), so that end cap 21 is not easily deformed under pressure and impact, allowing battery cell 20 to have higher structural strength and improved safety performance.
  • Functional components such as electrode terminals 21a can be provided on end cap 21. Electrode terminals 21a can be used for electrical connection with cell assembly 23 to output or input electrical energy to battery cell 20.
  • end cap 21 can also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism for releasing internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of battery cell 20 reaches a threshold.
  • end cap 21 can also be various, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., and this application embodiment does not impose special limitations on this.
  • an insulating element may be provided on the inner side of the end cap 21.
  • the insulating element can be used to isolate the electrical connection components within the housing 22 from the end cap 21 to reduce the risk of short circuits.
  • the insulating element may be made of plastic, rubber, etc.
  • the housing 22 is an assembly used to cooperate with the end cap 21 to form the internal environment of the battery cell 20, wherein the formed internal environment can accommodate the cell assembly 23, electrolyte, and other components.
  • the housing 22 and the end cap 21 can be independent components, or can be attached to the housing...
  • An opening is provided on the body 22, and the end cap 21 is used to close the opening to form the internal environment of the battery cell 20.
  • the end cap 21 and the housing 22 can be integrated.
  • the end cap 21 and the housing 22 can form a common connecting surface before other components are inserted into the housing. When it is necessary to encapsulate the interior of the housing 22, the end cap 21 closes the housing 22.
  • the housing 22 can be of various shapes and sizes, such as cuboid, cylindrical, hexagonal prism, etc.
  • the shape of the housing 22 can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the battery cell assembly 23.
  • the material of the housing 22 can be various, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., and this embodiment does not impose any special limitations on this.
  • the cell assembly 23 is the component in the battery cell 20 where the electrochemical reaction occurs.
  • the casing 22 may contain one or more cell assemblies 23.
  • the cell assembly 23 is mainly formed by winding or stacking positive and negative electrode plates, and typically a separator is provided between the positive and negative electrode plates.
  • the portions of the positive and negative electrode plates containing active material constitute the main body of the cell assembly 23, while the portions of the positive and negative electrode plates without active material each constitute a tab 23a.
  • the positive and negative tabs may be located together at one end of the main body or separately at both ends of the main body. During the charging and discharging process of the battery, the positive and negative active materials react with the electrolyte, and the tabs 23a connect to the electrode terminals 21a to form a current loop.
  • FIG4 is a structural schematic diagram of a battery 100 with part of the casing 10 removed according to some embodiments of this application
  • FIG5 is a structural schematic diagram of the battery 100 in FIG4 from a frontal view.
  • the battery 100 of the embodiments of this application includes a plurality of battery cells 20 and a heat exchange assembly 30.
  • the plurality of battery cells 20 are arranged in multiple rows, and the multiple rows of battery cells 20 are arranged along the length or width direction of the battery 100;
  • the heat exchange assembly 30 is disposed between two adjacent rows of battery cells 20, and the heat exchange assembly 30 includes a support member 31 and two cooling plates 33 disposed on the support member 31.
  • the two cooling plates 33 are attached to a corresponding row of battery cells 20 and are interconnected.
  • direction e1 indicates the first direction
  • direction e2 indicates the second direction.
  • the arrangement direction of a single row of battery cells 20 is defined as the first direction, and the arrangement direction of multiple rows of battery cells 20 is defined as the second direction.
  • the casing 10 of the battery 100 is rectangular.
  • the first direction can be parallel to one of the directions of the length or width of the battery 100, while the second direction is parallel to one of the directions of the width or length of the battery 100 that is different from the first direction.
  • Each row of battery cells 20 arranged along a first direction forms a battery row 24, and multiple battery rows 24 are arranged at intervals along a second direction.
  • the battery cells 20 in the battery row 24 are arranged compactly.
  • Multiple battery cells 20 in the same battery row 24 can be arranged in a single layer or in multiple layers (e.g., two layers).
  • the terminals of multiple battery cells 20 in the same battery row 24, that is, multiple battery cells 20 in the same row, are all located on the same side to enable series and/or parallel connection of multiple battery cells 20 in the same row.
  • the heat exchange assembly 30 is disposed on the side of the battery pack 24 opposite to the electrode terminal 21a along the second direction.
  • the electrode terminals 21a of the battery pack 24 on both sides of the heat exchange assembly 30 are disposed opposite to each other to reduce the risk of discharge breakdown between adjacent battery packs 24 without increasing the spacing between the battery packs 24.
  • the battery 100 can be configured as a plurality of battery packs 25 arranged at intervals along a second direction.
  • Each battery pack 25 includes two adjacent battery rows 24 located on opposite sides of the same heat exchange assembly 30, with the electrode terminals 21a of the two battery rows 24 facing away from each other.
  • Adjacent battery packs 25 are arranged opposite each other and at intervals along the second direction, with electrode terminals 21a arranged on the side of each adjacent battery pack 25 facing each other.
  • An insulating structure (not shown) is provided between adjacent battery packs 25 with electrode terminals 21a on opposite sides, the insulating structure serving to at least isolate the electrode terminals 21a of the adjacent battery packs 25.
  • one of two adjacent battery packs 25 is a first battery pack 251 and the other is a second battery pack 252.
  • the battery cell 20 in the battery row 24 adjacent to the second battery pack 252 is a first battery cell 20a
  • the battery cell 20 in the battery row 24 adjacent to the first battery pack 251 is a second battery cell 20b.
  • the first battery cells 20a and second battery cells 20b in the two adjacent battery packs 25 are opposite to each other and spaced apart.
  • the electrode terminal 21a of each first battery cell 20a in the first battery pack 251 is located on the side of the first battery cell 20a facing the second battery pack 252, and the electrode terminal 21a of each second battery cell 20b in the second battery pack 252 is located on the side of the second battery cell 20b facing the first battery pack 251.
  • a support member 31 is disposed between two adjacent rows of battery cells 20.
  • the support member 31 can be located on the side of the battery cell 20 away from the electrode terminal 21a and facing the pressure relief structure (not shown) of the battery cell 20, so as to buffer the material discharged by the battery cell 20 through the pressure relief structure in the event of thermal runaway of the battery 100.
  • the support member 31 can be a plate, beam, block, strip, or other irregular shape. The shape of the support member 31 matches the gap formed between the two adjacent rows of battery cells 20 to effectively utilize the internal space of the battery 100.
  • the support member 31 is a hollow rectangular thick plate structure, and the support plate runs along the battery cell 20 within the battery pack 24.
  • the direction of the arrangement extends, meaning that the length direction of the support member 31 is the same as the first direction.
  • the thickness direction of the support member 31 can be parallel to the second direction, and the two cooling plates 33 are respectively disposed on the two sides of the support member 31 in the thickness direction, that is, on the two sides of the support member 31 along the second direction.
  • the cooling plates 33 and the support member 31 can be fixedly connected by at least one of the following methods: welding, adhesive bonding, screwing, riveting, snap-fit connection, etc.
  • the cooling plates 33 are welded to the side of the support member 31.
  • Both the support member 31 and the cooling plate 33 can be made of a metal material with good thermal conductivity, for example, aluminum or aluminum alloy.
  • the cooling plate 33 can be a long, thin plate structure.
  • the thickness direction of the cooling plate 33 is parallel to the thickness direction and the second direction of the support member 31.
  • the length direction of the cooling plate 33 can be parallel to the length direction of the support member 31, but this should not be considered a limitation on the shape and structure of the cooling plate 33.
  • the cooling plate 33 can also be a flattened structure of other shapes.
  • the two ends of the cooling plate 33 in the first direction are a first end 331 and a second end 332, respectively.
  • the first end 331 and the second end 332 can extend beyond the battery cell 20.
  • the cooling plate 33 can be formed by plastic forming of metal, resulting in a large surface area, and is attached to the battery cell 20.
  • the cooling plate 33 may have heat exchange channels (not shown) for the flow of a heat exchange medium, which can be a fluid.
  • the heat exchange medium can be a liquid or a gas; when the heat exchange medium is a liquid, water can be selected.
  • the cooling plate 33 is attached to one side of the battery pack 24 along the second direction.
  • the heat exchange medium e.g., water
  • the interconnection of the two cooling plates 33 means that the heat exchange channels of the two cooling plates 33 in each heat exchange component 30 of the battery 100 are interconnected, so that the heat exchange medium can flow between the two cooling plates 33.
  • the cooling plate 33 can be directly connected to another cooling plate 33 in the same heat exchange component 30, or it can be connected through a third party's pipe, joint, channel or other adapter.
  • the battery 100 is disposed between two rows of battery cells 20 via a heat exchange assembly 30.
  • the cooling plates 33 in the heat exchange assembly 30 are interconnected, thereby facilitating thermal management of the cooling plates 33 and improving the integration efficiency of the cooling plates 33.
  • the heat exchange assembly 30 includes a connecting pipe 35 that connects to two cooling plates 33 in the heat exchange assembly 30.
  • the two cooling plates 33 connected by the connecting pipe 35 in the heat exchange assembly 30 are a first cooling plate 333 and a second cooling plate 334, respectively.
  • the connecting pipe 35 connecting the two cooling plates 33 in the heat exchange assembly 30 means that both ends of the connecting pipe 35 are connected to the heat exchange channels in the first cooling plate 333 and the second cooling plate 334, respectively.
  • the heat exchange medium can flow out of the first cooling plate 333 and into the second cooling plate 334 via the connecting pipe 35, or flow out of the second cooling plate 334 and then into the first cooling plate 333 via the connecting pipe 35.
  • the first cooling plate 333 and the second cooling plate 334 are spaced apart and opposite each other along a second direction at their first ends 331 and 332.
  • the surface of the first cooling plate 333 opposite to the first cooling plate 334 at its first end 331 is a first side surface 3331
  • the surface of the second cooling plate 334 opposite to the first side surface 3331 of the first cooling plate 333 at its first end 331 is a second side surface 3342.
  • the two ends of the connecting pipe 35 are respectively connected to the first side surface 3331 and the second side surface 3342.
  • the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange assembly 30 can flow between the two cooling plates 33, thereby improving the integration efficiency of the cooling plates 33.
  • the connecting pipe 35 can be a rigid pipe section to improve the connection strength between the two cooling plates 33, thereby improving the structural stability of the heat exchange assembly 30.
  • the connecting pipe 35 includes a first connector 351 and a second connector 352, which are respectively disposed on two cooling plates 33, and the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 are mated together.
  • the first connector 351 protrudes from the first surface and connects to the heat exchange channel of the first cooling plate 333; the second connector 352 protrudes from the second surface and connects to the heat exchange channel of the second cooling plate 334.
  • This application does not limit the cross-sectional shape of the first connector 351 and the second connector 352.
  • the cross-sections of the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 are circular, and the connecting pipe 35 is a circular pipe.
  • the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 are opposite each other along the second direction and are connected between the first end 331 of the first cooling plate 333 and the first end 331 of the second cooling plate 334.
  • the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 may be connected close to the first surface or the second surface, or the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 may be connected at the middle position of the first surface and the second surface along the second direction.
  • the first connector 351 is connected to the second connector 352. This can be either that the first connector 351 (second connector 352) is partially inserted into the second connector 352 (first connector 351), or that the end face of the first connector 351 facing the second connector 352 abuts against and connects with the end face of the second connector 352 facing the first connector 351.
  • first connector 351 and the second connector 352 are respectively connected to the two cooling plates 33 and docked, thereby simplifying the manufacturing process and flow of the connecting pipe 35 and improving production efficiency.
  • the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 are fixedly connected.
  • first connector 351 and the second connector 352 are connected together using a connection method with better sealing effect.
  • first connector 351 and the second connector 352 can be fixedly connected by at least one of the following methods: welding, adhesive bonding, or snap-fit connection.
  • first connector 351 and the second connector 352 can be welded using processes such as filler welding or laser welding.
  • Structural adhesive or sealant can also be applied to the contact surface of the snap-fit joint of the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 to improve the connection strength of the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 and the sealing performance of the connecting pipe 35.
  • the structural strength of the connecting pipe 35 is enhanced, and the connection position between the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 remains stable, thereby improving the structural stability of the connecting pipe 35 and the cooling plate 33.
  • the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 can form an integral structure, further improving the sealing and reliability of the connecting pipe 35, and also reducing the number of parts and improving space utilization.
  • first connector 351 and the second connector 352 can also be formed separately and then connected and fixed.
  • welding including but not limited to filler welding, laser welding, etc.
  • sealant connection including but not limited to filler welding, laser welding, etc.
  • structural adhesive connection and other methods are used to connect the first joint 351 and the second joint 352. This can improve the sealing performance of the mating position of the first joint 351 and the second joint 352, avoid leakage of heat exchange medium, and thus improve the reliability of the battery 100.
  • the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 are connected by welding.
  • the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 are welded to the two cooling plates 33 respectively.
  • the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 are butt-jointed and fixed by welding.
  • the support member 31 is welded to the two cooling plates 33 connected by the connecting pipe 35.
  • the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 the cooling plates 33 and the support member 31 can also be welded in the same process.
  • the axial directions of the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 are both parallel to the thickness direction of the cooling plate 33.
  • the first connector 351 extends from the first surface to the second surface along the thickness direction of the cooling plate 33
  • the second connector 352 extends from the second surface to the first surface along the thickness direction of the cooling plate 33.
  • the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 are directly opposite each other along the thickness direction of the cooling plate 33.
  • the radial directions of the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 are perpendicular to the thickness direction of the cooling plate 33
  • the axial directions of the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 are parallel to the thickness direction of the cooling plate 33.
  • the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 are joined together along the thickness direction of the cooling plate 33 to form a connecting pipe 35.
  • the axial direction of the connecting pipe 35 is unidirectional and parallel to the thickness direction of the cooling plate 33.
  • the thickness direction of the cooling plate 33 can be the same as the second direction. Then, the size of the interval between two adjacent rows of battery cells 20 in the second direction is equal to the thickness size of the heat exchange assembly 30 in the second direction. In the heat exchange assembly 30, the thickness size of the support 31 is equal to or close to the axial size of the connecting pipe 35, that is, the sum of the axial sizes of the first connector 351 and the second connector 352.
  • the heat exchange assembly connects the two cooling plates by interlocking injection-molded tubing on the two plates.
  • the cooling plates need to be bent to increase the spacing.
  • the thickness and length of the support components increase accordingly, resulting in a larger assembly space for the heat exchange assembly inside the battery.
  • the connecting pipe 35 is perpendicular to the two cooling plates 33, thereby reducing the space occupied by the heat exchange assembly 30 and improving the volumetric energy density of the battery 100.
  • the second connector 352 is inserted into the first connector 351.
  • the first connector 351 is a columnar or disc-shaped structure with at least partial hollowness at its port to accommodate the insertion of the second connector 352.
  • the first and second interfaces may have a snap-fit structure to enhance the connection strength when the second connector 352 is inserted into the first connector 351.
  • the axial directions of the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 are parallel to the second direction, the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 are facing each other along the second direction, and the second connector 352 is partially inserted into the first connector 351 along the second direction.
  • the connection strength between the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 is improved, which also helps to make the internal structure of the battery 100 more compact.
  • the end face of the first connector 351 facing the second connector 352 is opposite to the end face of the second connector 352 facing the first connector 351.
  • the end faces of the two parts are in contact and connected together by laser welding.
  • the maximum outer diameter D of the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 is equal.
  • the inner wall of the first connector 351 is formed with an enlarged hole 3510.
  • the second connector 352 includes a first segment 3521 and a second segment 3522 connected to the first segment 3521.
  • the outer diameter d1 of the first segment 3521 is smaller than the outer diameter d2 of the second segment 3522.
  • the first segment 3521 is inserted into the enlarged hole 3510.
  • the inner wall of the first connector 351 at the end furthest from the first cooling plate 333 expands outward to form an enlarged hole 3510.
  • the inner diameter d of the enlarged hole 3510 is larger than the inner diameter of the end of the first connector 351 directly connected to the first cooling plate 333.
  • the end of the first connector 351 directly connected to the first cooling plate 333 can be solid; in this embodiment, the inner diameter of the end of the first connector 351 directly connected to the first cooling plate 333 can be considered 0.
  • the wall thickness of the first connector 351 is thinner at the enlarged hole 3510 and thicker at the end of the first connector 351 directly connected to the first cooling plate 333, creating a discontinuity in the inner wall of the first connector 351.
  • the second connector 352 can be a columnar or disc-shaped structure, and the cross-sectional shapes of the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 are the same.
  • the first segment 3521 is farther away from the second cooling plate 334 than the second segment 3522, and the second segment 3522 is directly connected to the second cooling plate 334.
  • the outer diameter d1 of the first segment 3521 is smaller than the outer diameter d2 of the second segment 3522, that is, d1 ⁇ d2.
  • a stepped surface 3524 is formed at the connection between the first segment 3521 and the second segment 3522, and the stepped surface 3524 connects the outer peripheral surfaces of the first segment 3521 and the second segment 3522.
  • the first segment 3521 is inserted into the enlarged hole 3510.
  • the end face of the first segment 3521 away from the second cooling plate 334 abuts against the inner wall of the first connector 351 at the point where a discontinuity is formed.
  • the end face of the first connector 351 away from the second cooling plate 334 abuts against the stepped surface 3524.
  • the outer diameter d1 of the first segment 3521 can be slightly smaller than the inner diameter d of the enlarged hole 3510, that is, d1 ⁇ d.
  • the inner diameter d of the enlarged hole 3510 should be smaller than the outer diameter d2 of the second segment 3522, that is, d ⁇ d2.
  • the maximum outer diameter D of the second connector 352 is also the maximum value of the outer diameter of the second connector 352 at various points in the axial direction, which can be written as d1 ⁇ d2 ⁇ D.
  • both the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 are cylindrical.
  • the outer diameters of the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 are uniform along their axial direction.
  • the maximum outer diameter D of the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 is also the outer diameter of the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 in the second segment 3522.
  • the first segment 3521 is inserted into the enlarged hole 3510.
  • the end face of the first connector 351 abuts against the stepped surface 3524.
  • the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 are fixed and sealed together, and the outer periphery of the connecting pipe 35 forms a smooth, uninterrupted circumferential surface.
  • the maximum outer diameter D of the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 are equal, allowing the outer circumferential surfaces of the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 to smoothly connect after the first segment 3521 is inserted into the enlarged hole 3510.
  • the first connector 351 forms the enlarged hole 3510, and the smaller outer diameter of the first segment 3521 of the second connector 352 is inserted into the enlarged hole 3510, simplifying the assembly process, improving the manufacturing efficiency of the battery 100, and making the connection between the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 more stable.
  • a connecting medium 353 is provided between the first connector 351 and the second connector 352, and the connecting medium 353 seals the gap between the first connector 351 and the second connector 352.
  • the connecting medium 353 can be metal or adhesive, and the type of connecting medium 353 depends on the connection method between the first connector 351 and the second connector 352.
  • the connecting medium 353 is disposed on the contact surface of the first connector 351 when the second connector 352 is inserted into the first connector 351.
  • the connecting medium 353 can be disposed between: the inner wall of the first connector 351 where the enlarged hole 3510 is formed and the outer wall of the first segment 3521; between the end face of the first connector 351 and the stepped surface 3524 of the second connector 352; or between the end face of the second connector 352 and the inner wall of the first connector 351.
  • the connecting medium 353 can be a weld formed by welding, the composition of which is a metal similar to or compatible with the first joint 351 and the second joint 352.
  • the first joint 351 and the second joint 352 are connected by a filler welding process.
  • the filler material is heated to a molten state and then filled into the gap between the first joint 351 and the second joint 352, and then naturally cools and solidifies to form a weld.
  • the connecting medium 353 is a sealant and/or structural adhesive.
  • the sealant and structural adhesive can flow in a fluid state along the sealing surface between the first joint 351 and the second joint 352, filling the gap between the first joint 351 and the second joint 352, and then curing to form a connecting medium 353 that is not easily deformed and has good sealing properties.
  • the first joint 351 and the second joint 352 are made as seamless as possible, thereby avoiding the connection of the heat exchange medium between the first joint 351 and the second joint 352. This prevents leakage and improves the reliability of battery 100.
  • the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 are metal connectors.
  • first connector 351 and the second connector 352 can be made of the same or different metal material as the cooling plate 33.
  • the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 can be made of metal materials such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, or copper alloy.
  • the heat exchange components connect the two cooling plates by interlocking the injection-molded pipes on the two cooling plates.
  • the high-temperature substances discharged from the battery cells can easily burn the injection-molded pipes, which can lead to leakage of the heat exchange medium and accelerate the failure rate of the battery thermal runaway.
  • metal connectors for the first connector 351 and the second connector 352 improves flame retardancy and high-temperature resistance, which is beneficial to improving the reliability of the battery 100.
  • the metal connectors have high strength and thermal conductivity, which is beneficial to improving the structural stability and heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange assembly 30.
  • the connecting pipe 35 (including the first connector 351 and the second connector 352) may also be made of a rigid plastic material with good heat resistance.
  • the connecting pipe 35 is disposed at one end of the cooling plate 33 along the arrangement direction of the single-row battery cells 20.
  • the cooling plate 33 has two ends, a first end 331 and a second end 332, along the arrangement direction of the battery cells 20 in the battery pack 24, i.e., along the first direction. Both the first end 331 and the second end 332 extend beyond the edge of the battery cell 20 and the support member 31 at the same end in the first direction.
  • a connecting pipe 35 is disposed at the first end 331 of the cooling plate 33, and the connecting pipe 35 can be located outside the end of the support member 31 in the first direction.
  • the heat exchange medium can flow in from the second end 332 of the first cooling plate 333, flow through the first cooling plate 333 to the first end 331, and exchange heat with the battery cells 20 in the battery pack 24 attached to the first cooling plate 333. Then the heat exchange medium flows through the connecting pipe 35 into the first end 331 of the second cooling plate 334, exchanges heat with the battery cells 20 in the battery pack 24 attached to the second cooling plate 334, and then flows out from the second end 332 of the second cooling plate 334.
  • the connecting pipe 35 is disposed at one end of the cooling plate 33 along the arrangement direction of the single row of battery cells 20, so that the heat exchange medium flowing in the cooling plate 33 can fully exchange heat with the corresponding row of battery cells 20.
  • the battery 100 also includes an adapter 40, which connects the cooling plates 33 on two adjacent supports 31.
  • the adapter 40 is disposed on the other end of the cooling plate 33 away from the connecting pipe 35.
  • multiple battery packs 25 are arranged at intervals along the second direction, and a heat exchange assembly 30 is provided between two battery rows 24 in each battery pack 25.
  • the support members 31 between the two battery rows 24 in two adjacent battery packs 25 are adjacent support members 31.
  • a cooling plate 33 on the support member 31 of the first battery pack 251 near the second battery pack 252 is connected to a cooling plate 33 on the support member 31 of the second battery pack 252 near the first battery pack 251 via an adapter 40.
  • the two ends of the adapter 40 in the second direction are respectively connected to the two cooling plates 33.
  • the ends 332 of the two opposing cooling plates 33 on the two adjacent support members 31, away from the connecting pipe 35 in the first direction, are connected to the adapter 40.
  • the adapter 40 can be a flexible tube or a rigid tube; for example, the adapter 40 can be an injection-molded round tube.
  • the adapter 40 connects the cooling plates 33 on two adjacent support members 31, so that multiple heat exchange components 30 can be connected through the adapter 40, and the heat exchange medium can circulate in multiple heat exchange components 30, which facilitates multiple heat exchange components 30 to jointly manage the heat of the battery 100.
  • all the cooling plates 33 in the multiple heat exchange components 30 are connected in series via connecting pipes 35 and adapters 40.
  • the battery 100 internally provides two spaced-apart battery packs 25 and two heat exchange assemblies 30, wherein the heat exchange assemblies 30 are respectively disposed in the first battery pack 251 and the second battery pack 252.
  • the two cooling plates 33 in the same heat exchange assembly 30 are connected at the first end 331 by a connecting pipe 35, and the two opposite cooling plates 33 in two adjacent heat exchange assemblies 30 are connected to each other at the second end 332 by an adapter 40.
  • Two opposing cooling plates 33 in the two heat exchange components 30 can be connected to a water supply device at their second ends 332. Cooling water (the heat exchange medium in this embodiment) flows from the second end 332 of the cooling plate 33 in one heat exchange component 30 away from the other, and exchanges heat with a row of battery cells 20 corresponding to the cooling plate 33.
  • Cooling water then flows from the first end 331 of the cooling plate 33, and through the connecting pipe 35 of the heat exchange component 30, flows into the first end 331 of the cooling plate 33 in the heat exchange component 30 near the other heat exchange component 30, where it exchanges heat with another row of battery cells 20 in contact with the heat exchange component 30. Subsequently, cooling water flows from the second end 332 of the heat exchange component 30 near the other heat exchange component 30, and through the adapter 40 enters the cooling plate of the other heat exchange component 30 facing the side where the cooling water flows in. After exchanging heat with the corresponding battery cell 20, the heat exchanger flows into the last cooling plate 33 through the connecting pipe 35 of another heat exchange component 30, and after completing the heat exchange, it flows out from the second end 332 of the last cooling plate 33.

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Abstract

一种电池(100)及用电设备，电池(100)包括多个电池单体(20)和换热组件(30)，多个电池单体(20)布置为多列，多列电池单体(20)沿电池(100)的长度方向或宽度方向排布；换热组件(30)设置在相邻的两列电池单体(20)之间，换热组件(30)包括支撑件(31)和设置在支撑件(31)上的两个冷却板(33)，两个冷却板(33)贴设于对应的一列电池单体(20)，两个冷却板(33)相互接通，换热组件(30)包括连接管(35)，连接管(35)接通换热组件(30)中的两个冷却板(33)，连接管(35)包括第一接头(351)和第二接头(352)，第一接头(351)和第二接头(352)分别设置在两个冷却板(33)上，第一接头(351)与第二接头(352)对接。

Description

电池和用电设备
优先权信息
本申请请求2024年06月12日向中国国家知识产权局提交的、专利申请号为202421332944.4的专利申请的优先权和权益，并且通过参照将其全文并入此处。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种电池和用电设备。
背景技术
新能源汽车搭载的电池在充放电以及输出功率的过程中不可避免地释放热量，然而电池过热、温度不稳定等问题容易导致电池损耗加剧，影响电动汽车的性能、寿命和安全等多个方面。因此，如何提高电池的热管理效率，成为电池技术领域亟待解决的关键问题。
发明内容
本申请提供一种电池及用电设备，并至少用于提高电池的热管理效率。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种电池，其包括多个电池单体和换热组件，多个电池单体布置为多列，多列电池单体沿电池的长度方向或宽度方向排布；换热组件设置在相邻的两列电池单体之间，换热组件包括支撑件和设置在支撑件上的两个冷却板，两个冷却板贴设于对应的一列电池单体，两个冷却板相互接通，换热组件包括连接管，连接管接通换热组件中的两个冷却板，连接管包括第一接头和第二接头，第一接头和第二接头分别设置在两个冷却板上，第一接头与第二接头对接。
本申请实施方式的电池通过换热组件设置在间隔的两列电池单体之间，换热组件中的冷却板相互接通，通过连接管接通换热组件中的两个冷却板，使得换热组件中换热介质可以在两个冷却板之间流通，从而方便对冷却板进行热管理，提高冷却板集成效率。第一接头与第二接头分别连接两个冷却板并对接，从而简化连接管的制造工艺和流程，提高生产效率。
在一些实施方式中，第一接头和第二接头固定连接。
如此，通过第一接头和第二接头固定连接，加强连接管的结构强度，并使得第一接头和第二接头之间连接的位置保持稳定，进而提高连接管和冷却板的结构稳定性。此外，第一接头和第二接头可以形成整体结构，进一步提高连接管的密封性和可靠性，还可以减少零部件数量，提高空间利用率。
在一些实施方式中，第一接头和第二接头的轴向均平行于冷却板的厚度方向。
如此，通过设置第一接头和第二接头的轴向平行于冷却板的厚度方向，使得连接管垂直于两个冷却板，从而减少换热组件的占用空间，进而提高电池的体积能量密度。
在一些实施方式中，第二接头插入第一接头中。
如此，通过第二接头插入第一接头中，提高第一接头和第二接头的连接强度，同时有利于电池内部结构紧凑。
在一些实施方式中，第一接头与第二接头的最大外径相等，第一接头的内壁形成有扩大孔，第二接头包括第一段和与第一段连接的第二段，第一段的外径小于第二段的外径，第一段插设在扩大孔中。
如此，第一接头与第二接头的最大外径相等，使得第一段插入扩大孔后第一接头和第二接头的外周面可以顺滑衔接。第一接头形成扩大孔，第二接头外径较小的第一段插设在扩大孔中，简化了装配过程，便于提高电池的制造效率，也可以使得第一接头与第二接头连接更加稳定。
在一些实施方式中，第一接头和第二接头之间具有连接介质，连接介质密封第一接头和第二接头之间的间隙。
如此，通过连接介质密封第一接头和第二接头之间的间隙，使得第一接头和第二接头尽可能实现无缝连接，从而避免换热介质在第一接头和第二接头的连接处泄漏，进而提高电池的可靠性。
在一些实施方式中，第一接头和第二接头为金属接头。
如此，第一接头和第二接头采用金属接头，阻燃性能和耐高温性能提高，有利于提高电池的 可靠性。此外，金属接头具有较高的强度和导热性能，有利于提高换热组件的结构稳定性和换热效率。
在一些实施方式中，连接管设置在冷却板沿单列电池单体的排列方向的一个端部。
如此，连接管设置在冷却板沿单列电池单体的排列方向的一个端部，使得冷却板中流通的换热介质可以与相应一列的电池单体充分换热。
在一些实施方式中，换热组件的数量为多个，多个换热组件间隔布置，电池还包括转接件，转接件连通两个相邻的支撑件上的冷却板，转接件设置在冷却板远离连接管的另一个端部上。
如此，转接件连通两个相邻支撑件上的冷却板，使得多个换热组件之间均可以通过转接件连通，从而换热介质可以在多个换热组件中流通，便于多个换热组件共同管理电池热量。
在一些实施方式中，多个换热组件中的全部冷却板通过连接管和转接件串联接通。
如此，多个换热组件中的全部冷却板通过连接管和转接件串联接通，提高了电池中冷却板的集成度，从而便于对冷却板进行热管理。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种用电设备，其包括上述任一实施方式的电池。
本申请实施方式的用电设备包括上述实施方式的电池，因此具有本申请实施例提供的电池的全部有益效果。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
通过阅读对下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本申请的限制。而且在全部附图中，用相同的附图标号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1为本申请一些实施例的车辆的结构示意图；
图2位本申请一些实施例的电池的分解结构示意图；
图3为本申请一些实施例的电池单体的分解结构示意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例的电池去掉部分箱体的结构示意图；
图5为图4的电池在正视视角的结构示意图；
图6为本申请一些实施例的换热组件的结构示意图；
图7为本申请一些实施例的换热组件在正视视角的结构示意图；
图8为图7的换热组件在A部分的放大示意图；
图9为本申请一些实施例的第一接头与冷却板的组合示意图；
图10为本申请一些实施例的第二接头与冷却板的组合示意图。
主要元件符号说明：
车辆1000、马达300、控制器400；
电池100、箱体10、第一部分11、第二部分12、电池单体20、端盖21、电极端子21a、壳
体22、电芯组件23、极耳23a；
电池排24、电池组25、第一电池组251、第二电池组252、第一电池单体20a、第二电池单
体20b、换热组件30、支撑件31、冷却板33、第一端331、第二端332、第一冷却板333、第一侧面3331、第二冷却板334、第二侧面3342、连接管35、第一接头351、扩大孔3510、第二接头352、第一段3521、第二段3522、台阶面3524、连接介质353、转接件40。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本 申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，动力电池的应用越加广泛。动力电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着动力电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。
本领域中所提到的电池按是否可充电可以分为一次性电池和可充电电池。一次性电池(Primary Battery)也即原电池，在电量耗尽后无法再充电使用，只能丢弃。可充电电池又称二次电池(Secondary Battery)或二级电池、蓄电池，在充电后可多次循环使用。目前常见的可充电电池的类型有：铅酸电池、镍氢电池和锂离子电池。
本申请实施例中所描述的电池可以是一次性电池，也可以是可充电电池。本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模组或电池包等。
在电池充放电的过程中，正负极活性物质发生激烈的化学反应，将化学能转化为电能，并伴随化学反应释放出一定的热量。热量积蓄容易引起电池热失控、热蔓延的风险，因此随着市场和应用的增长扩大，对电池的冷却集成效率要求也越来越高。
为了保障电池在不同环境下工作的可靠性与稳定性，通常会在箱体内设置冷却板。在一些情况下，冷却板设置在电池箱体底部。在另一些情况下，冷却板位于相邻的电池单体之间，与电池单体的大面贴合。电池单体与冷却板之间进行热量交换，在冷却板的温度改变时与之接触的电池单体的温度随之改变。
通常冷却板的两端设置有异形水嘴，相邻的两个冷却板的水嘴之间通过内嵌厚软胶的注塑管件连接。然而，注塑管件会占用过多的箱体内部空间，导致电池的体积能量密度降低。
基于以上考虑，本申请提供了一种电池和用电设备，电池包括多个电池单体和换热组件，多个电池单体布置为多列，换热组件设置在相邻的两列电池单体之间。换热组件包括支撑件和设置在支撑件上的两个冷却板，两个冷却板贴设于对应的一列电池单体，两个冷却板通过金属接头相互接通。通过换热组件中两个冷却板直连的结构，降低换热组件的空间占用率，进而提高电池的 体积能量密度。
本申请实施例公开的电池可以用于使用电池作为电源的用电设备或者使用电池作为储能元件的各种储能系统。用电设备可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以本申请一实施例的一种用电设备为车辆1000为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器400和马达300，控制器400用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的分解结构示意图。电池100包括箱体10和电池单体20，电池单体20容纳于箱体10内。其中，箱体10用于为电池单体20提供容纳空间，箱体10可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体10可以包括第一部分11和第二部分12，第一部分11与第二部分12相互盖合，第一部分11和第二部分12共同限定出用于容纳电池单体20的容纳空间。第二部分12可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一部分11可以为板状结构，第一部分11盖合于第二部分12的开口侧，以使第一部分11与第二部分12共同限定出容纳空间；第一部分11和第二部分12也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一部分11的开口侧盖合于第二部分12的开口侧。当然，第一部分11和第二部分12形成的箱体10可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内；当然，电池100也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池100模块形式，多个电池100模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。电池100还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池100还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接。
其中，每个电池单体20可以为二次电池100或一次电池100；还可以是锂硫电池100、钠离子电池100或镁离子电池100，但不局限于此。电池单体20可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。
请参照图3，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的分解结构示意图。电池单体20是指组成电池的最小单元。如图3，电池单体20包括有端盖21、壳体22、电芯组件23以及其他的功能性部件。
端盖21是指盖合于壳体22的开口处以将电池单体20的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地，端盖21的形状可以与壳体22的形状相适应以配合壳体22。可选地，端盖21可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，端盖21在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体20能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提高。端盖21上可以设置有如电极端子21a等的功能性部件。电极端子21a可以用于与电芯组件23电连接，以用于输出或输入电池单体20的电能。在一些实施例中，端盖21上还可以设置有用于在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放内部压力的泄压机构。端盖21的材质也可以是多种的，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。在一些实施例中，在端盖21的内侧还可以设置有绝缘件，绝缘件可以用于隔离壳体22内的电连接部件与端盖21，以降低短路的风险。示例性的，绝缘件可以是塑料、橡胶等。
壳体22是用于配合端盖21以形成电池单体20的内部环境的组件，其中，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电芯组件23、电解液以及其他部件。壳体22和端盖21可以是独立的部件，可以于壳 体22上设置开口，通过在开口处使端盖21盖合开口以形成电池单体20的内部环境。不限地，也可以使端盖21和壳体22一体化，具体地，端盖21和壳体22可以在其他部件入壳前先形成一个共同的连接面，当需要封装壳体22的内部时，再使端盖21盖合壳体22。壳体22可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，例如长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。具体地，壳体22的形状可以根据电芯组件23的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。壳体22的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
电芯组件23是电池单体20中发生电化学反应的部件。壳体22内可以包含一个或更多个电芯组件23。电芯组件23主要由正极片和负极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常在正极片与负极片之间设有隔膜。正极片和负极片具有活性物质的部分构成电芯组件23的主体部，正极片和负极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成极耳23a。正极极耳和负极极耳可以共同位于主体部的一端或是分别位于主体部的两端。在电池的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳23a连接电极端子21a以形成电流回路。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图4，并请进一步参照图4和图5，图4为本申请一些实施例的电池100去掉部分箱体10的结构示意图，图5为图4的电池100在正视视角的结构示意图。本申请实施方式的电池100包括多个电池单体20和换热组件30。其中，多个电池单体20布置为多列，多列电池单体20沿电池100的长度方向或宽度方向排布；换热组件30设置在相邻的两列电池单体20之间，换热组件30包括支撑件31和设置在支撑件31上的两个冷却板33，两个冷却板33贴设于对应的一列电池单体20，两个冷却板33相互接通。
为便于说明，下述实施例及附图以本申请一实施例的电池100为方形电池100，电池单体20呈长方体状为例进行说明。如图所示的e1方向指示第一方向，e2方向指示第二方向。
定义单列电池单体20的排列方向为第一方向，多列电池单体20的排布方向为第二方向，电池100的箱体10呈长方体状，第一方向可以与电池100的长度方向或宽度方向中的一个方向平行，第二方向则与电池100的宽度方向和长度方向中异于第一方向的一个方向平行。
沿第一方向排列的每列电池单体20形成一个电池排24，多个电池排24沿第二方向间隔排布。电池排24中电池单体20排布紧凑，同个电池排24的多个电池单体20可以仅排列一层，也可以排列成上下多层(例如两层)。同个电池排24中的多个电池单体20，也即同列的多个电池单体20的极柱均位于同一侧，以便实现同列多个电池单体20的串联和/或并联。
换热组件30设置在电池排24沿第二方向与电极端子21a相背的一侧。换热组件30两侧的电池排24的电极端子21a相背设置，以在不扩大电池排24间距的同时降低相邻电池排24之间放电击穿的风险。
电池100可以设置为多个电池组25的排布形式，多个电池组25沿第二方向间隔排布，电池组25包括位于同一换热组件30两侧的相邻两个电池排24，电池组25中的两个电池排24的电极端子21a背向设置。在第二方向上相邻两个电池组25相对且间隔设置，在第二方向上相邻两个电池组25朝向彼此的一侧布置有电极端子21a。相对侧设有电极端子21a的相邻两个电池组25之间设有绝缘结构(图未示)，绝缘结构用于至少将相邻两个电池组25的电极端子21a隔绝开。
例如，参照图5，相邻两个电池组25中的一个为第一电池组251且另一个为第二电池组252，第一电池组251中邻近第二电池组252的电池排24中的电池单体20为第一电池单体20a，第二电池组252中邻近第一电池组251的电池排24中的电池单体20为第二电池单体20b，相邻两个电池组25的第一电池单体20a和第二电池单体20b相对且间隔设置；第一电池组251中的每个第一电池单体20a的电极端子21a均位于第一电池单体20a朝向第二电池组252的一侧，第二电池组252中的每个第二电池单体20b的电极端子21a均位于第二电池单体20b朝向第一电池组251的一侧。
支撑件31设置在相邻的两列电池单体20之间，支撑件31可以设置在电池单体20背离电极端子21a的一侧，并朝向电池单体20的泄压结构(图未示)，以在电池100出现热失控时对电池单体20通过泄压结构排出的物质起到缓冲作用。支撑件31可以为板、梁、块、条等形状结构，也可以为其他不规则形状，支撑件31的形状匹配相邻两列电池单体20之间间隔形成的间隙，以有效利用电池100内部空间。
在一个例子中，支撑件31为中空的长方体状厚板结构，支撑板沿电池单体20在电池排24中 排列的方向延伸，也可以说，支撑件31的长度方向与第一方向相同。支撑件31的厚度方向可以与第二方向平行，两个冷却板33分别设置在支撑件31厚度方向上的两侧面，也即支撑件31沿第二方向的两侧面。冷却板33与支撑件31可以通过焊接、胶粘连接、螺接、铆接、卡合连接等方式中的至少一种固定连接，例如，冷却板33焊接在支撑件31的侧面。
支撑件31和冷却板33均可以采用导热性较好的金属材料制成，例如，采用铝或铝合金制成支撑件31和冷却板33。
如图5所示的实施例中，冷却板33可以为长条薄板结构，冷却板33的厚度方向与支撑件31的厚度方向、第二方向相互平行，冷却板33的长度方向可以与支撑件31的长度方向，但这不应视为对冷却板33形状结构的限制，冷却板33也可以为其他形状的展平结构。冷却板33在第一方向上的两端分别为第一端331和第二端332，第一端331和第二端332可以超出于电池单体20。
冷却板33可以由金属塑性加工形成，并形成较大的表面积，贴合于电池单体20。冷却板33内可以具有换热通道(图未示)，换热通道可以供换热介质流动，换热介质为流体。例如，换热介质可以为液体或气体，在换热介质为液体时，换热介质可以选用水。
冷却板33贴设于电池排24沿第二方向的一侧，通过换热介质(例如水)在冷却板33内的换热通道流动，带走电池单体20的热量或是对电池单体20加热，从而保障电池100在不同环境温度下稳定工作。
两个冷却板33相互接通是指，电池100中每个换热组件30的两个冷却板33的换热通道相互连通，以使换热介质可以在两个冷却板33之间流通。需要说明的是，冷却板33可以是直接与同一换热组件30中的另一冷却板33接通，也可以是通过第三者的管、接头、通道或其他转接件接通。
本申请实施方式的电池100通过换热组件30设置在间隔的两列电池单体20之间，换热组件30中的冷却板33相互接通，从而方便对冷却板33进行热管理，提高冷却板33集成效率。
请参阅图5-图7，在一些实施方式中，换热组件30包括连接管35，连接管35接通换热组件30中的两个冷却板33。
具体的，换热组件30中通过连接管35连通的两个冷却板33分别为第一冷却板333和第二冷却板334。连接管35接通换热组件30中的两个冷却板33是指连接管35的两端分别与第一冷却板333和第二冷却板334中的换热通道接通。换热介质可以自第一冷却板333流出并经连接管35流入第二冷却板334，或者自第二冷却板334流出继而流经连接管35进入第一冷却板333。
参照图8，第一冷却板333和第二冷却板334在第一端331和第二端332均沿第二方向间隔且相对。第一冷却板333在第一端331与第二冷却板334相对的表面为第一侧面3331，第二冷却板334在第一端331与第一冷却板333的第一侧面3331相对的表面为第二侧面3342。连接管35的两端分别连接在第一侧面3331和第二侧面3342。
如此，通过连接管35接通换热组件30中的两个冷却板33，使得换热组件30中换热介质可以在两个冷却板33之间流通，从而提高冷却板33集成效率。
在一些实施例中，连接管35可以为硬质管段，以提高两个冷却板33之间的连接强度，进而有利于提高换热组件30的结构稳定性。
请参阅图5、图7和图8，在一些实施方式中，连接管35包括第一接头351和第二接头352，第一接头351和第二接头352分别设置在两个冷却板33上，第一接头351与第二接头352对接。
具体的，第一接头351凸出于第一表面，并接通第一冷却板333的换热通道；第二接头352凸出于第二表面，并接通第二冷却板334的换热通道。本申请对第一接头351和第二接头352的横截面形状不做限制，示例性的，第一接头351和第二接头352的横截面呈圆形，连接管35为圆管。
第一接头351和第二接头352沿第二方向相对，并在第一冷却板333的第一端331和第二冷却板334的第一端331之间相接。第一接头351和第二接头352相接的位置可以靠近第一表面或第二表面，或者第一接头351和第二接头352在第一表面和第二表面沿第二方向的中间位置相接。
第一接头351与第二接头352相接，可以是第一接头351(第二接头352)部分地插入第二接头352(第一接头351)，也可以是第一接头351朝向第二接头352的端面与第二接头352朝向第一接头351的端面抵触并连接。
如此，第一接头351与第二接头352分别连接两个冷却板33并对接，从而简化连接管35的制造工艺和流程，提高生产效率。
请参阅图8，在一些实施方式中，第一接头351和第二接头352固定连接。
具体的，第一接头351和第二接头352采用密封效果较佳的连接方式连接在一起，例如，第一接头351和第二接头352可以采用焊接、胶粘连接、卡合连接等方式中的至少一种固定连接。进一步的，第一接头351和第二接头352可以通过填料焊接、激光焊接等工艺进行焊接，还可以将结构胶、密封胶等涂覆在第一接头351和第二接头352卡合的接触面以提高第一接头351和第二接头352的连接强度和连接管35的密封性。
如此，通过第一接头351和第二接头352固定连接，加强连接管35的结构强度，并使得第一接头351和第二接头352之间连接的位置保持稳定，进而提高连接管35和冷却板33的结构稳定性。此外，第一接头351和第二接头352可以形成整体结构，进一步提高连接管35的密封性和可靠性，还可以减少零部件数量，提高空间利用率。
在另一些例子中，第一接头351和第二接头352也可以分体成型，再进行连接固定。
上述方案中，采用焊接(包括但不限于填料焊接、激光焊接等)、密封胶连接、结构胶连接等方式实现第一接头351和第二接头352的连接，可以提高第一接头351和第二接头352对接位置的密封性，避免换热介质泄漏，进而提高电池100的可靠性。
在一个具体的实施例中，第一接头351和第二接头352采用焊接方式连接，在换热组件30制造过程中，第一接头351、第二接头352分别焊接在两个冷却板33上，然后将第一接头351和第二接头352对接并通过焊接工艺固定，再将支撑件31与通过连接管35接通的两个冷却板33进行焊接。在另一些例子中，第一接头351和第二接头352、冷却板33与支撑件31也可以在同一工序中完成焊接。
请参阅图5、图6和图8，在一些实施方式中，第一接头351和第二接头352的轴向均平行于冷却板33的厚度方向。
具体的，第一接头351沿冷却板33的厚度方向自第一表面向第二表面伸出，第二接头352沿冷却板33的厚度方向自第二表面向第一表面伸出，第一接头351和第二接头352沿冷却板33的厚度方向正对。以第一接头351和第二接头352均呈圆柱体状为例，第一接头351和第二接头352的径向垂直于冷却板33的厚度方向，第一接头351和第二接头352的轴向平行与冷却板33的厚度方向，第一接头351与第二接头352同轴。第一接头351和第二接头352沿冷却板33的厚度方向对接形成连接管35，连接管35的轴向为单一方向且连接管35的轴向平行于冷却板33的厚度方向。
冷却板33的厚度方向可以与第二方向相同，则相邻两列电池单体20之间在第二方向上间隔的尺寸等于换热组件30在第二方向的厚度尺寸；换热组件30中，支撑件31的厚度尺寸等于或接近于连接管35的轴向尺寸，也即第一接头351和第二接头352的轴向尺寸之和。
在相关技术中，换热组件通过两个冷却板上的注塑管件相互插接实现两个冷却板的连接。为预留插接行程，冷却板需要折弯以拉大间距，且由于注塑管件直径较大，支撑件的厚度尺寸、长度尺寸相应增加，导致换热组件在电池内部的装配空间较大。
如此，通过设置第一接头351和第二接头352的轴向平行于冷却板33的厚度方向，使得连接管35垂直于两个冷却板33，从而减少换热组件30的占用空间，进而提高电池100的体积能量密度。
请参阅图8-图10，在一些实施方式中，第二接头352插入第一接头351中。
具体的，第二接头352远离第二冷却板334的端部插入第一接头351远离第一冷却板333的端部。第一接头351为端口处至少部分中空的柱状或盘状结构，以容纳第二接头352插入。第一接口和第二接口可以具有卡合结构，以在第二接头352插入第一接头351时增强连接强度。
在一个例子中，参照图8，第一接头351与第二接头352的轴向与第二方向平行，第一接头351和第二接头352沿第二方向正对，第二接头352沿第二方向部分地插入第一接头351中。
如此，通过第二接头352插入第一接头351中，提高第一接头351和第二接头352的连接强度，同时有利于电池100内部结构紧凑。
在另一个例子中，第一接头351朝向第二接头352的端面与第二接头352朝向第一接头351 的端面抵触并通过激光焊接连接在一起。
请继续参阅图8-图10，在一些实施方式中，第一接头351与第二接头352的最大外径D相等，第一接头351的内壁形成有扩大孔3510，第二接头352包括第一段3521和与第一段3521连接的第二段3522，第一段3521的外径d1小于第二段3522的外径d2，第一段3521插设在扩大孔3510中。
具体的，第一接头351远离第一冷却板333一端的部分内壁向外扩圈形成扩大孔3510。扩大孔3510的内径d大于第一接头351与第一冷却板333直接相连的端部的内径。第一接头351与第一冷却板333直接相连的端部可以为实心，在此实施例中，所述第一接头351与第一冷却板333直接相连的端部的内径可以视为0。第一接头351的壁厚在扩大孔3510处较薄而在第一接头351与第一冷却板333直接相连的端部处较厚，第一接头351的内壁形成断差。
第二接头352可以为柱状或盘状结构，且第一接头351和第二接头352的横截面形状相同。沿第二接头352的轴向，第一段3521相较于第二段3522远离第二冷却板334，第二段3522与第二冷却板334直接相连。第一段3521的外径d1小于第二段3522的外径d2，也即d1＜d2。可以理解，第一段3521与第二段3522的连接处形成有台阶面3524，台阶面3524连接第一段3521和第二段3522的外周面。
第一段3521插设在扩大孔3510中，第一段3521远离第二冷却板334的端面抵接在第一接头351内壁形成断差的位置，第一接头351远离第二冷却板334的端面与台阶面3524抵接。若不考虑装配公差，第一段3521的外径d1与扩大孔3510的内径d可视为相等，也即d1＝d。为预留涂胶或焊接填料空间，第一段3521的外径d1可以略小于扩大孔3510的内径d，也即d1＜d。
为保障第一段3521插入扩大孔3510中而台阶面3524与第一接头351的端面卡合，第二段3522不插入第一接头351中，扩大孔3510的内径d应小于第二段3522的外径d2，也即d＜d2。
容易理解，第二接头352的最大外径D也即第二接头352在轴向上各处的外径的最大值，可以记为d1＜d2≤D。
在一个具体的例子中，如图8所示，第一接头351和第二接头352均呈圆柱状，第一接头351和第二接头352的外径沿其轴向处处均等，第一接头351与第二接头352的最大外径D也即第一接头351的外径和第二接头352在第二段3522的外径。结合图9和图10，第一段3521插设在扩大孔3510中，第一接头351的端面与台阶面3524抵接，第一接头351和第二接头352固定且密封连接，连接管35的外周形成光滑无断差的圆周面。
如此，第一接头351与第二接头352的最大外径D相等，使得第一段3521插入扩大孔3510后第一接头351和第二接头352的外周面可以顺滑衔接。第一接头351形成扩大孔3510，第二接头352外径较小的第一段3521插设在扩大孔3510中，简化了装配过程，便于提高电池100的制造效率，也可以使得第一接头351与第二接头352连接更加稳定。
请参阅图9和图10，在一些实施方式中，第一接头351和第二接头352之间具有连接介质353，连接介质353密封第一接头351和第二接头352之间的间隙。
具体的，连接介质353可以为金属或胶粘剂，连接介质353的类型取决于第一接头351和第二接头352之间的连接方式。连接介质353设置在第二接头352插入第一接头351时与第一接头351的接触面，例如，连接介质353可以设置在：第一接头351形成有扩大孔3510的内壁与第一段3521的外壁之间；第一接头351的端面与第二接头352的台阶面3524之间；第二接头352的端面与第一接头351的内壁之间。
在一个例子中，连接介质353可以为焊接所形成的焊缝，其成分为与第一接头351和第二接头352相似或相容的金属。在此实施例中，第一接头351和第二接头352通过填料焊接工艺实现连接，焊接过程中，填料材料被加热到融化状态后填充到第一接头351和第二接头352之间的间隙中，并自然冷却固化形成焊缝。
在另一个例子中，连接介质353为密封胶和/或结构胶。密封胶和结构胶可以在流体状态下沿第一接头351和第二接头352之间的密封面流动，填充到第一接头351和第二接头352之间的间隙中，然后固化形成不易变形、密闭性良好的连接介质353。
如此，通过连接介质353密封第一接头351和第二接头352之间的间隙，使得第一接头351和第二接头352尽可能实现无缝连接，从而避免换热介质在第一接头351和第二接头352的连接 处泄漏，进而提高电池100的可靠性。
在一些实施方式中，第一接头351和第二接头352为金属接头。
具体的，第一接头351和第二接头352可以采用与冷却板33相同或不同的金属材质。例如，第一接头351和第二接头352采用铝、铝合金、铜、铜合金等金属材料制成。
在相关技术中，换热组件通过两个冷却板上的注塑管件相互插接实现两个冷却板的连接，当电池出现热失控时电池单体排出的高温物质容易烫伤注塑管件，进而造成换热介质泄露，容易加剧电池热失控的失效速度。
如此，第一接头351和第二接头352采用金属接头，阻燃性能和耐高温性能提高，有利于提高电池100的可靠性。此外，金属接头具有较高的强度和导热性能，有利于提高换热组件30的结构稳定性和换热效率。
在另一些实施例中，连接管35(包括第一接头351和第二接头352)也可以采用耐热性良好的硬质塑料材质。
请参阅图4和图7，在一些实施方式中，连接管35设置在冷却板33沿单列电池单体20的排列方向的一个端部。
具体的，冷却板33沿电池排24中电池单体20的排列方向，也即沿第一方向具有第一端331和第二端332两个端部，其中第一端331和第二端332均可在第一方向上超出同一端的电池单体20和支撑件31的边缘。连接管35设置在冷却板33的第一端331，连接管35可以位于支撑件31在第一方向上的端部外侧。
换热介质可以从第一冷却板333的第二端332流入，在第一冷却板333中流向第一端331并与贴合第一冷却板333的电池排24中的电池单体20换热。随后换热介质通过连接管35流入第二冷却板334的第一端331，与贴合第二冷却板334的电池排24中的电池单体20换热，再从第二冷却板334的第二端332流出。
如此，连接管35设置在冷却板33沿单列电池单体20的排列方向的一个端部，使得冷却板33中流通的换热介质可以与相应一列的电池单体20充分换热。
请参阅图5，在一些实施方式中，换热组件30的数量为多个，多个换热组件30间隔布置，电池100还包括转接件40，转接件40连通两个相邻的支撑件31上的冷却板33，转接件40设置在冷却板33远离连接管35的另一个端部上。
具体的，多个电池组25沿第二方向间隔排布，每个电池组25中的两个电池排24之间设置有一个换热组件30。相邻的两个电池组25(第一电池组251和第二电池组252)中两个电池排24之间的支撑件31为相邻的支撑件31。第一电池组251中的支撑件31上靠近第二电池组252的一个冷却板33与第二电池组252中的支撑件31上靠近第一电池组251的一个冷却板33通过转接件40连接。转接件40在第二方向上的两端分别与上述两个冷却板33接通。相邻两个支撑件31上相对的两个冷却板33在第一方向上远离连接管35的端部，也即第二端332与转接件40连通。
转接件40可以为软管或硬质管体，例如，转接件40可以为注塑圆管。
如此，转接件40连通两个相邻支撑件31上的冷却板33，使得多个换热组件30之间均可以通过转接件40连通，从而换热介质可以在多个换热组件30中流通，便于多个换热组件30共同管理电池100热量。
请继续参阅图5，在一些实施方式中，多个换热组件30中的全部冷却板33通过连接管35和转接件40串联接通。
示例性的，电池100内部设置有两个间隔排布的电池组25和两个换热组件30，其中换热组件30分别设置在第一电池组251和第二电池组252中。同一换热组件30中的两个冷却板33在第一端331通过连接管35接通，相邻两个换热组件30中相对的两个冷却板33在第二端332通过转接件40相互连通。两个换热组件30中相背的两个冷却板33可以在第二端332与供水装置接通，冷却水(该实施例的换热介质)从一个换热组件30中背离另一换热组件30的冷却板33的第二端332流入，并与该冷却板33对应的一列电池单体20换热，从该冷却板33的第一端331流入，再通过该换热组件30的连接管35流入该换热组件30中靠近另一换热组件30的冷却板33的第一端331，与接触该换热组件30的另一列电池单体20换热。随后冷却水自该换热组件30靠近另一换热组件30的第二端332流入，通过转接件40进入另一换热组件30朝向冷却水流入侧的冷却板 33，与对应电池单体20换热后通过另一个换热组件30的连接管35流入最后一个冷却板33，完成换热后从最后一个冷却板33的第二端332流出。
如此，多个换热组件30中的全部冷却板33通过连接管35和转接件40串联接通，提高了电池100中冷却板33的集成度，从而便于对冷却板33进行热管理。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括：
    多个电池单体，多个所述电池单体布置为多列，多列所述电池单体沿所述电池的长度方向或宽度方向排布；和
    换热组件，所述换热组件设置在相邻的两列所述电池单体之间，所述换热组件包括支撑件和设置在所述支撑件上的两个冷却板，所述两个冷却板贴设于对应的一列所述电池单体，所述两个冷却板相互接通，所述换热组件包括连接管，所述连接管接通所述换热组件中的所述两个冷却板，所述连接管包括第一接头和第二接头，所述第一接头和所述第二接头分别设置在所述两个冷却板上，所述第一接头与所述第二接头对接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第一接头和所述第二接头固定连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第一接头和所述第二接头的轴向均平行于所述冷却板的厚度方向。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第二接头插入所述第一接头中。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第一接头与所述第二接头的最大外径相等，所述第一接头的内壁形成有扩大孔，所述第二接头包括第一段和与第一段连接的第二段，所述第一段的外径小于所述第二段的外径，所述第一段插设在扩大孔中。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第一接头和所述第二接头之间具有连接介质，所述连接介质密封所述第一接头和所述第二接头之间的间隙。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第一接头和所述第二接头为金属接头。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述连接管设置在所述冷却板沿单列所述电池单体的排列方向的一个端部。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池，其特征在于，所述换热组件的数量为多个，多个所述换热组件间隔布置，所述电池还包括转接件，所述转接件连通两个相邻的所述支撑件上的冷却板，所述转接件设置在所述冷却板远离所述连接管的另一个端部上。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电池，其特征在于，多个所述换热组件中的全部所述冷却板通过所述连接管和所述转接件串联接通。
  11. 一种用电设备，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-10任一项所述的电池。
PCT/CN2024/113689 2024-06-12 2024-08-21 电池和用电设备 Pending WO2025255950A1 (zh)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2017027962A (ja) * 2016-11-08 2017-02-02 三洋電機株式会社 車両用のバッテリシステム及びバッテリシステムを備える電動車両
CN220358173U (zh) * 2023-05-22 2024-01-16 江苏正力新能电池技术有限公司 一种电芯换热组件、电池及用电设备
WO2024036535A1 (zh) * 2022-08-17 2024-02-22 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 热管理部件、箱体组件、电池和用电装置
WO2024082285A1 (zh) * 2022-10-21 2024-04-25 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 换热组件、电池模块、电池以及用电设备

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2017027962A (ja) * 2016-11-08 2017-02-02 三洋電機株式会社 車両用のバッテリシステム及びバッテリシステムを備える電動車両
WO2024036535A1 (zh) * 2022-08-17 2024-02-22 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 热管理部件、箱体组件、电池和用电装置
WO2024082285A1 (zh) * 2022-10-21 2024-04-25 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 换热组件、电池模块、电池以及用电设备
CN220358173U (zh) * 2023-05-22 2024-01-16 江苏正力新能电池技术有限公司 一种电芯换热组件、电池及用电设备

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