WO2025236809A1 - 一种基于矩阵变换的扩压器改进设计方法 - Google Patents

一种基于矩阵变换的扩压器改进设计方法

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Publication number
WO2025236809A1
WO2025236809A1 PCT/CN2025/080146 CN2025080146W WO2025236809A1 WO 2025236809 A1 WO2025236809 A1 WO 2025236809A1 CN 2025080146 W CN2025080146 W CN 2025080146W WO 2025236809 A1 WO2025236809 A1 WO 2025236809A1
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diffuser
matrix
section
outlet
inlet
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French (fr)
Inventor
王子运
徐艺轩
张悦
谭慧俊
庞明池
魏修齐
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/15Vehicle, aircraft or watercraft design
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T17/00Three-dimensional [3D] modelling for computer graphics
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation

Definitions

  • This invention belongs to the field of aircraft air intake technology, specifically relating to an improved design method for an air intake diffuser.
  • the air intake is located at the very top of the aero-engine, tasked with capturing airflow and regulating airflow quality for the downstream engine.
  • the diffuser is an important part of the air intake; from a geometric perspective, a diffuser is essentially a three-dimensional pipe with a gradually increasing cross-sectional area, which decelerates and pressurizes the subsonic airflow within the pipe through area expansion.
  • the second design approach is more widely used in aerospace engineering design (“A Design Method for Complex Variable Cross-Section Inlets”, Journal of Aerospace Power, 2009, 24(06):1357-1363), which takes into account both the controllability of the shape transition between the inlet and outlet and the convenience of the algorithm.
  • the specific implementation process of this approach is as follows: First, the inlet and outlet cross-sections are algebraically represented (i.e., geometric algebraization) using a specific algorithm, for example, expressed as a function (“General Subsonic Diffuser Design Method”, CN201410187196.X) or a matrix (“A Stealth Serpentine Inlet Design Method Based on Matrix Transformation”, CN202210241584.6).
  • transition cross-sections are then calculated back based on these transitional quantities. Finally, these transition cross-sections are enlarged, rotated, and translated in three-dimensional space to form the three-dimensional surface of the diffuser.
  • the bending pattern of the diffuser centerline is either relatively simple, and can only be one of the three types: sharp at the beginning and slow at the end, equally sharp and slow at the end, or slow at the beginning and sharp at the end.
  • a complex fifth-order polynomial can be used, which is more flexible but the polynomial coefficient calculation process is more complicated.
  • the above methods all need to be spliced after segmented design, and the design process is lengthy.
  • this invention provides an improved diffuser design method based on matrix transformation.
  • This improved design method not only inherits the idea of describing the cross-sectional profile using matrices, but also improves the method for generating the centerline and the transition method of the cross-section. It avoids the front and rear segmented design of the centerline and the left and right half-forming of the diffuser profile, realizing controllable and flexible design of the centerline and one-time forming of the diffuser's three-dimensional geometric profile.
  • the present invention may employ the following technical solutions:
  • An improved design method for diffusers based on matrix transformation includes the following steps:
  • the diffuser centerline is designed using a linear function or a polynomial with two adjustable coefficients
  • step (1) based on the overall constraint parameters of the engine, i.e. the given diffuser inlet and outlet sections, N discrete points of equal arc length are extracted on the contour lines of the diffuser inlet and outlet sections in the o-xyz three-dimensional coordinate system to obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of each point, and the three-dimensional coordinates of each point are placed in an N-row 3-column matrix.
  • the second column represents the x-coordinate of a point.
  • the third column represents the y-coordinate of a point.
  • the z-axis coordinate of the point is indicated; the superscript in indicates that the point is located on the diffuser inlet section profile, and the subscripts 1, 2...N indicate the i-th discrete point, where N is the number of discrete points on each curve;
  • the second column represents the x-coordinate of a point.
  • the third column represents the y-coordinate of a point.
  • the z-axis coordinate of the point is indicated; the superscript "out” indicates that the point is located on the diffuser outlet section profile line, and the subscripts 1, 2...N indicate the i-th discrete point, where N is the number of discrete points on each curve;
  • the arithmetic mean method is used to define the center positions of the diffuser inlet and outlet sections, denoted as centroids.
  • the following formulas are the coordinate solutions for the centroid Cin of the inlet section (x c,in ,y c,in ,z c,in) and the centroid of the outlet section (x c,out ,y c,out ,z c,out) .
  • the centroid positions of any discretized section can be solved according to the definition.
  • the above physical quantities ⁇ y-in , ⁇ y-out , ⁇ z-in , ⁇ z-out , C in , and C out are the inlet and outlet position information.
  • step (2) after algebraizing the inlet and outlet position information in step (1), the centroid information of the diffuser inlet and outlet sections is obtained; based on the coordinates of the centroid Cin of the diffuser inlet section and the centroid Cout of the diffuser outlet section, the flow distance of the diffuser inlet and outlet sections is calculated according to the following formula, that is, the flow field length L of the diffuser is denoted as ⁇ X; the offsets of the diffuser inlet and outlet sections in the longitudinal and spanwise directions are obtained and denoted as ⁇ Y and ⁇ Z;
  • step (3) parametric equations are used to describe the centerline of the diffuser, where f0 (t), f1 (t), and f2 (t) are in the form of linear functions or cubic polynomials with double adjustable coefficients. Once f0 (t), f1 (t), and f2 (t) are determined, the centerline of the diffuser is uniquely determined.
  • xc ,in , yc,in and zc,in are the coordinates of the starting point of the three-dimensional centerline of the diffuser
  • xc ,out , yc,out and zc,out are the coordinates of the centroid of the diffuser outlet section in the rectangular coordinate system o-xyz.
  • variable t takes values from 0 to 1.
  • f0 (t), f1 (t), and f2 (t) are all function expressions with parameter t as the independent variable, and their function values also vary between 0 and 1.
  • f0 (t) is a linear function
  • f1 (t) and f2 (t) are both polynomials with two adjustable coefficients and have similar forms. Therefore, only the function expression of f1 (t) is given.
  • a1 , a2 , a3 , and a4 are undetermined coefficients, which can be solved based on given conditions; where ⁇ 0 (t), ⁇ 1 (t), ⁇ 0 (t), and ⁇ 1 (t) are basis functions of the two-coefficient adjustable polynomial, and among them... and There are two adjustable coefficients. Once the undetermined coefficients are determined, the adjustable coefficients are uniquely determined, and a function distribution with multiple bending patterns can be obtained.
  • y' is the first derivative of y; where ⁇ y-in is The angle ⁇ y -out between the projection onto the XY plane and the x-axis is... The angle between the projection onto the XY plane and the x-axis; ⁇ z -in is The angle between the projection onto the XZ plane and the z-axis, ⁇ z -out , is... The angle between the diffuser inlet section and the z-axis after projection onto the XZ plane; yc,in is the coordinate of the centroid of the diffuser inlet section in the y-axis direction, and yc ,out is the coordinate of the centroid of the diffuser outlet section in the y-axis direction.
  • the total length S of the diffuser centerline is obtained as the total arc length.
  • the N-row, 3-column matrix is... and Perform a transformation so that the transformed If the numbers in the first column of the matrix are the same, that is, the coordinates in the x-direction are the same, then the transformed matrix will also have the same values. If the numbers in the first column of the matrix are the same, then... and Mapped into a virtual ⁇ - ⁇ two-dimensional plane, and expressed as an N x 2 matrix in the ⁇ - ⁇ plane. To represent the diffuser inlet cross-section, use an N x 2 matrix. To represent the diffuser outlet cross section;
  • step (5) the outline of the central control section is designed in the ⁇ - ⁇ plane, and the percentage of the arc length position s_m of the centroid of the central control section on the diffuser centerline is specified, 0 ⁇ s_m ⁇ 1.
  • step (6) a full circle with a radius of 1m is used as the reference circle in the ⁇ - ⁇ two-dimensional plane, and the reference circle is discretized with equal arc lengths; using N discrete points, the coordinates of the reference circle in the ⁇ - ⁇ two-dimensional plane are obtained, forming an N+1 row and 2 column matrix.
  • the first and last rows contain the same data; matrix This is called the reference circle matrix;
  • step (7) the definition is...
  • the coefficient matrix of the diffuser inlet which satisfies It is an N x N + 1 column matrix; matrix
  • matrix The specific expansion is as follows:
  • the matrix can be solved based on the above equations. Similarly, the coefficient matrix at the diffuser outlet can be obtained. and the coefficient matrix of the central control section
  • the cubic spline interpolation method is used to calculate... The value; if there is a central control section, then the calculation of the transition coefficient matrix needs to be performed in segments for interpolation, and the interpolation method still adopts cubic spline interpolation.
  • step (9) calculates the matrix expressions for each transition section in the ⁇ - ⁇ two-dimensional plane.
  • the matrix corresponding to the contour line of the first transition section is:
  • the matrix corresponding to the contour line of the second transition section is:
  • the matrix corresponding to the contour line of the third transition section is: And so on, until the matrix corresponding to the last transition section is calculated.
  • the following is the matrix expression for the transition section. The calculation formula:
  • step (10) the matrix expression of the transition section is calculated based on step (9). Calculate the area enclosed by each transition section in the ⁇ - ⁇ two-dimensional plane, and evaluate the matrix expression. Make appropriate scaling and corrections to make The area enclosed in the ⁇ - ⁇ two-dimensional plane is ultimately equal to the area of the reference circle.
  • the matrix expressions for each transition section in the ⁇ - ⁇ two-dimensional plane after correction are still denoted as...
  • step (9) a discrete point matrix for describing the transition section profile has been obtained. Fit the graph, then calculate the area of the transition section, and denote the area of the Kth transition section as Ak ; denote the area of the reference circle as Abase ;
  • a ⁇ sub> k ⁇ /sub> represents the area of the k-th transition section
  • w(s ⁇ sub> k ⁇ /sub> ) is a linear function or a two-coefficient adjustable polynomial; given the diffuser inlet and outlet conditions, the undetermined coefficients are determined, and the area variation law is then expressed through two adjustable coefficients. and Adjustments were made;
  • Ak represents the area of the k-th transition section
  • Aout is the area of the diffuser outlet section.
  • step (12) based on the area of the Kth transition section determined in step (10), the matrix expression of the transition section is further enlarged or reduced according to the area change law in step (11).
  • the final matrix expression describing the transition section graphics is formed, with each graphic represented as an N-row, 3-column matrix.
  • the first column of numbers is 0, and the next two columns are the same as the enlarged or reduced values.
  • the contour information in the two-dimensional plane ⁇ - ⁇ is transformed into the three-dimensional coordinate system o-xyz, but the normal vector of the figure and the x-direction are still the same;
  • step (13) K discrete points of equal arc length are extracted on the centerline determined in step (3), and the points are analyzed in the o-xyz coordinate system.
  • the bending law, area expansion law and cross-sectional transition law of the diffuser centerline are richer. It can not only realize the traditional three types of variation law: slow at the beginning and fast at the end, fast at the beginning and slow at the end, and equal slowness and fastness, but also realize more variation law by adjusting the adjustable coefficient. For the "double S" type centerline, segmented design is not required, which simplifies the design process.
  • the design method provided by this invention can be stored as a computer program on a storage medium, and includes the following technical solutions:
  • An electronic device comprising:
  • One or more processors and a storage device for storing one or more programs, which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the above-described matrix transformation-based improved diffuser design method.
  • a computer-readable medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described improved diffuser design method based on matrix transformation.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the center lines of two complex "double S-shaped" structures under different input conditions.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the outlines of common inlet cross-sections, central control cross-sections, and outlet cross-sections.
  • Figure 3 is a two-dimensional planar schematic diagram and a three-dimensional scatter plot showing the transformation from a ring-shaped inlet section to a circular outlet section under the condition of no central control section.
  • Figure 4 shows a two-dimensional planar schematic diagram and a three-dimensional scatter plot of the transformation from a trapezoidal inlet section to a circular outlet section under the condition of no central control section.
  • Figure 5 shows a two-dimensional planar schematic diagram and a three-dimensional scatter plot of the transformation from a trapezoidal inlet section to a circular outlet section under the condition of a centrally controlled section.
  • Figure 6 is the design flowchart.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the input conditions, the designed centerline, and the area change pattern used in the specific implementation case one.
  • Figure 8 is a front view of the three-dimensional diffuser generated in Implementation Case 1.
  • Figure 9 is a top view of the three-dimensional diffuser generated in Implementation Case 1.
  • Figure 10 is a side view of the three-dimensional diffuser generated in Implementation Case 1.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the input conditions, the designed centerline, and the area change pattern used in the second specific implementation case.
  • Figure 12 is a three-dimensional view of the three-dimensional diffuser generated in Implementation Case 2.
  • Figure 13 is a front view of the three-dimensional diffuser generated in Implementation Case 2.
  • Figure 14 is a top view of the three-dimensional diffuser generated in Implementation Case 2.
  • Figure 15 is a side view of the three-dimensional diffuser generated in Implementation Case 2.
  • FIG. 6 in the accompanying drawings is a design flowchart of this invention. As shown in Figure 6, the improved diffuser general design method provided by this invention includes the following steps:
  • the second column represents the x-coordinate of a point.
  • the third column represents the y-coordinate of a point. This represents the z-axis coordinate of a point.
  • the superscript "in” indicates that the point is located on the inlet section profile, and the subscripts 1, 2...N represent the i-th discrete point, where N is the number of discrete points on each curve.
  • the second column represents the x-coordinate of a point.
  • the third column represents the y-coordinate of a point. This represents the z-axis coordinate of a point.
  • the superscript "out" indicates that the point is located on the exit section profile, and the subscripts 1, 2...N represent the i-th discrete point, where N is the number of discrete points on each curve.
  • ⁇ y -in is...
  • ⁇ y -out between the projection onto the XY plane and the x-axis is...
  • ⁇ z -in is The angle between the projection onto the XZ plane and the z-axis, ⁇ z -out , is...
  • centroid positions of the inlet and outlet sections are defined using the arithmetic mean method, denoted as centroids.
  • Formula (1) is the expression for solving the coordinates of the centroid C ⁇ sub>in ⁇ /sub> of the inlet section: x ⁇ sub>c,in ⁇ /sub> , y ⁇ sub>c,in ⁇ /sub> , z ⁇ sub> c,in ⁇ /sub>.
  • centroid positions of any discretized section, including the centroid C ⁇ sub> out ⁇ /sub> of the outlet section can be solved according to the definition.
  • xc ,in , yc,in and zc,in are the coordinates of the centroid Cin of the inlet section, respectively, and xc ,out , yc,out and zc,out are the coordinates of the centroid Cout of the outlet section in o-xyz.
  • variable t takes values from 0 to 1.
  • f0 (t), f1 (t), and f2 (t) are all function expressions with parameter t as the independent variable, and their function values also vary between 0 and 1.
  • f0 (t) is a linear function
  • f1 (t) and f2 (t) are both polynomials with adjustable coefficients and have similar forms. Therefore, only the function expression of f1 (t) is given, as shown in formula (4):
  • a1 , a2 , a3 , and a4 are undetermined coefficients, which can be solved based on given conditions.
  • ⁇ 0 (t), ⁇ 1 (t), ⁇ 0 (t), and ⁇ 1 (t) are basis functions of the two-coefficient adjustable polynomial. and There are two adjustable coefficients. Once the undetermined coefficients are determined, the adjustable coefficients can be uniquely determined, and a function distribution of various bending laws can be obtained.
  • y' is the first derivative of y.
  • ⁇ y-in is...
  • the angle ⁇ y -out between the projection onto the XY plane and the x-axis is...
  • the angle between the projection onto the XY plane and the x-axis is...
  • ⁇ z -in is The angle between the projection onto the XZ plane and the z-axis, ⁇ z -out , is...
  • the angle between the XZ plane projection and the z-axis; yc,in and yc ,out are the coordinates of the centroids of the inlet and outlet sections in the y-axis direction, respectively.
  • the undetermined coefficients in the equation of the centerline on the XZ plane can be determined, so that the centerline consists of only two adjustable coefficients. and adjust.
  • FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings in this patent specification shows different... and When taking values, center lines with different curvature patterns can be formed at once between the start and end points, including the more complex "double S-shaped" center lines.
  • the total length S (total arc length) of the centerline can be obtained.
  • the matrix can be solved based on the above equations. Similarly, the coefficient matrix of the exit can be obtained. and the coefficient matrix of the central control section
  • step (9) [Calculate the matrix expressions of each transition section in the ⁇ - ⁇ two-dimensional plane] Based on The result obtained in step (6) and the result obtained in step (8) Calculate the matrix expressions for each transition section in the ⁇ - ⁇ two-dimensional plane.
  • the matrix corresponding to its contour line is:
  • the matrix corresponding to its contour line is:
  • the matrix corresponding to its contour line is: And so on, until the last cross-section is calculated.
  • the following is the matrix expression for the transition section. The calculation formula:
  • step (9) a discrete point matrix for describing the transition section profile has been obtained.
  • the figure is fitted using a discrete point matrix, and its area is calculated.
  • Ak the area of the Kth transition section
  • Abase the area of the reference circle
  • r represents the ratio of the radius of the circle with the same area as the transition section to the radius of the reference circle.
  • the above processing is performed on all transition sections to obtain the matrix expressions of the K transition sections in the ⁇ - ⁇ two-dimensional plane.
  • Steps (1) to (10) only determined the shape of each cross-section of the intake duct and adjusted the area of each cross-section to be equal to the area of the reference circle.
  • Ak represents the area of the k-th transition section
  • Aout is the area of the exit section.
  • the first column contains 0, and the next two columns are enlarged or reduced.
  • the contour information in the ⁇ - ⁇ two-dimensional plane is transformed into the three-dimensional coordinate system o-xyz, but the normal vector of the figure and the x-direction are still the same.
  • Figure 3 shows a two-dimensional planar schematic diagram and a three-dimensional scatter plot of the transformation from a ring-shaped inlet to a circular outlet without a central control section;
  • Figure 4 shows a two-dimensional planar schematic diagram and a three-dimensional scatter plot of the transformation from a trapezoidal inlet to a circular outlet without a central control section.
  • Figure 5 shows a two-dimensional planar schematic diagram and a three-dimensional scatter plot of the transformation from a trapezoidal inlet to a circular outlet when there is a central control section.
  • a diffuser design program was written using Matlab software.
  • the diffuser design is carried out using the shape shown in Figure 3 as the inlet and outlet cross-sections of the inlet.
  • Other design parameters are shown in the table below:
  • the design used 24 cross sections (including inlet and outlet sections).
  • the calculation results were exported from the program and the intake duct model generated in UG is shown in Figure 8, Figure 9 and Figure 10, respectively, with its front view, top view and side view.
  • this project used Matlab software to write a design program for a general subsonic air intake (diffuser).
  • a general subsonic air intake we take an air intake with an expansion ratio of 1.5 and a relatively uniform cross-sectional area variation as an example.
  • Its inlet cross-section, central control cross-section, and outlet cross-section adopt the shape shown in Figure 2. Its geometric input conditions are shown in the table below:
  • the design used 24 cross-sections (including the inlet cross-section, the central control cross-section, and the outlet cross-section).
  • the above-mentioned improved design method for diffusers based on matrix transformation can be programmed into a programming language such as Matlab and stored in a processor or computer-readable medium. Therefore, the present invention also provides embodiments of electronic devices and computer-readable media.
  • One or more processors and a storage device for storing one or more programs, which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the above-described matrix transformation-based diffuser improvement design method.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于矩阵变换的扩压器改进设计方法,首先提取出扩压器的进、出口位置信息,然后采用双系数可调多项式在进、出口截面的形心之间设计扩压器中心线,以及扩压器各个截面面积沿中心线的变化规律。在扩压器进、出口形状的过渡方面,将进、出口截面映射到ξ-η空间后,采用基于矩阵变换的改进算法,求出进、出口截面之间的若干个过渡形状。进、出口形状与各个过渡形状共同组成了扩压器沿中心线的各个当地截面形状。基于上述截面形状、截面积变化规律以及中心线变化规律,能够在o-xyz三维坐标系下构造出最终的扩压器三维几何,并实现扩压器三维几何造型的灵活、可控设计。

Description

一种基于矩阵变换的扩压器改进设计方法 技术领域
本发明属于飞行器进气道技术领域,具体涉及一种进气道扩压器的改进设计方法。
背景技术
作为飞行器推进系统的重要组成部件,进气道位于航空发动机的最上游,肩负着为下游发动机捕获流量、调节气流品质的任务。扩压器是进气道的重要组成部分,其从几何特征的角度看,扩压器本质上就是截面面积逐渐扩大的三维管道,其通过面积扩张来实现对管内亚声速气流的减速增压。
当前针对扩压器三维几何型面的设计存在两种思路:(1)一是借助商业造型软件,利用软件中的桥接功能,在给定的进、出口截面之间产生出光滑的扩压器型面;(2)二是设计若干二维的过渡截面,再把各个过渡截面依次排开,组成扩压器的三维型面。
第一种设计思路的弊端显而易见,无法对扩压器的弯曲规律、面积扩张规律进行精准控制,这将使得扩压器内的流动难以操控,也难以开展后续的型面优化工作。
第二种设计思路则在航空航天的工程设计中应用得较为广泛(“复杂变截面进气道的一种设计方法”,航空动力学报,2009,24(06):1357-1363),兼顾了给定进、出口之间形状过渡的可控性与算法便捷性。这种思路的具体实现过程是,首先利用特定的算法将进、出口截面进行代数表示(即几何形状代数化),例如表达为一段函数(“通用亚声速扩压器设计方法”,CN201410187196.X),或者一个矩阵(“一种基于矩阵变换的隐身蛇形进气道设计方法”,CN202210241584.6),然后在进、出口截面的代数量之间插值,产生若干个过渡代数量,再根据这些过渡代数量反算过渡截面,最后将这些过渡截面在三维空间中放大、旋转、平移,最终构成扩压器的三维型面。
然而,随着对飞行器雷达隐身性能的要求越来越高,在进气道方面,相应地要求扩压器中心线按照比较复杂的方式进行弯曲,如偏距较大的“S”型,甚至是“双S”型。在此技术要求下,常规设计流程中所采用的经典Lee中心线(C.C.Lee,“Subsonic diffuser design and performance for advanced fighter aircraf t”,AIAA Journal,1985.)便显得力不从心。该方法仅提供了“前急后缓”、“缓急相当”和“前缓后急”三种变化规律,由于这三种规律都是单调递增的函数,因此无法直接产生一个“双S”型中心线。若要利用经典Lee中心线设计具备良好隐身能力的“双S”型扩压器,就要在进、出口截面之间,对中心线进行分段设计,这样就增加了设计过程的复杂性。此外,这种方法最终产生的中心线最多只有3×3=9种可能,设计结果也缺乏多样性和足够的灵活性。南京航空航天大学所提出的一种隐身蛇形进气道设计方法(“一种基于矩阵变换的隐身蛇形进气道设计方法”,CN202210241584.6)则采用五次多项式设计中心线,但面临类似的问题,即为了产生“双S”型中心线,要分段单独设计前后两个“单S”型中心线,然后再拼接起来。
此外,现有设计方法(“通用亚声速扩压器设计方法CN201410187196.X”、“改进型通用亚声速扩压器设计方法CN202110392258.0”、“一种基于矩阵变换的隐身蛇形进气道设计方法C202210241584.6”)在设计左右非对称的扩压器时十分不便,均需要将扩压器的设计过程人为地分为左半边设计和右半边设计,完成左、右分半设计后,再拼接为完整的扩压器。
综上所述,现有的扩压器的设计方法主要的问题为:
(1)扩压器中心线的弯曲规律要么比较单一,只能在前急后缓、缓急相当和前缓后急三种中取一个,要么采用复杂的五次多项式,虽然更加灵活但多项式系数计算过程比较繁琐,此外针对“双S”型中心线,上述方法均需要在分段设计后再拼接,设计流程冗长。
(2)针对左右不对称的扩压器,设计过程中无法一次性完成进、出口截面之间的过渡,通常需要将进、出口截面人为地分成左右两半,划分过程具有随意性,且需要分别设计后再拼接到一起,设计流程冗长。
故,需要一种新的技术方案以解决上述技术问题。
发明内容
针对以上问题,本发明提供了一种基于矩阵变换的扩压器改进设计方法。该改进设计方法不仅继承了通过矩阵描述截面轮廓线的思想,而且对中心线的生成方法以及截面的过渡方法做出了改进,避免中心线的前后分段设计及扩压器型面的左右分半成型,实现了对中心线的可控灵活设计以及扩压器三维几何型面的一次成型。
为了达到上述目的,本发明可采用的技术方案:
一种基于矩阵变换的扩压器改进设计方法,包括如下步骤,
(1)根据发动机总体约束参数,即给定的扩压器进、出口截面,提取出在o-xyz三维坐标系下的扩压器进、出口位置信息,并将发动机进出口位置信息代数化;
(2)基于扩压器进、出口截面的形心坐标,获得扩压器进、出口截面的流向距离以及纵向的偏距和展向的偏距;
(3)采用一次函数或者双系数可调多项式设计扩压器中心线;
(4)将扩压器进、出口截面的三维离散点映射到虚拟的ξ-η二维平面上;
(5)在ξ-η二维平面内设计M个中控截面;
(6)在ξ-η二维平面内对基准圆进行离散,获得基准圆矩阵
(7)基于基准圆矩阵获得扩压器进口截面的系数矩阵及扩压器出口截面的系数矩阵
(8)确定包括中控截面的过渡截面的数量K并通过三次样条插值计算出K个过渡截面的系数矩阵
(9)基于过渡截面的系数矩阵计算出各个过渡截面在ξ-η二维平面内的矩阵表达式
(10)对过渡截面的矩阵表达式进行修正,使过渡截面的矩阵表达式描述的截面面积和基准圆面积相等;
(11)采用一次函数或者双系数可调多项式确定沿中心线扩压器的面积变化规律;
(12)基于面积变化规律,获得最终的过渡截面的二维图形,即三维空间内描述该截面的矩阵
(13)在o-xyz坐标系下对各个过渡截面的矩阵进行旋转和平移,获得最终的扩压器三维型面。
进一步的,步骤(1)中根据发动机的总体约束参数,即给定的扩压器进、出口截面,在o-xyz三维坐标系下,分别于扩压器进口截面和扩压器出口截面的轮廓线上等弧长地提取N个离散点,获得每个点的三维坐标,并将每个点的三维坐标放置在N行3列的矩阵中
是扩压器进口截面轮廓线上提取出的离散点所组成的矩阵,其中第一列表示点的x轴坐标,第二列表示点的y轴坐标,第三列表示点的z轴坐标;上标in表示该点位于扩压器进口截面轮廓线上,下标1、2……N表示第i个离散点,N为每条曲线上离散点的数量;
是扩压器出口截面轮廓线上提取出的离散点所组成的矩阵,其中第一列表示点的x轴坐标,第二列表示点的y轴坐标,第三列表示点的z轴坐标;上标out表示该点位于扩压器出口截面轮廓线上,下标1、2……N表示第i个离散点,N为每条曲线上离散点的数量;
基于轮廓线上各个离散点的坐标矩阵计算扩压器进口截面的法向量和扩压器出口截面的法向量同时计算出进口截面的形心Cin坐标和出口截面的形心Cout的坐标;
根据法向量确定出中心线在扩压器进、出口截面处的倾角信息,其中θy-in在X-Y平面投影后和x轴的夹角,θy-out在X-Y平面投影后和x轴的夹角;θz-in在X-Z平面投影后和z轴的夹角,θz-out在X-Z平面投影后和z轴的夹角;
其中采用算数平均的方式定义扩压器进口截面以及扩压器出口截面的中心位置,记为形心;下式为进口截面形心Cin的xc,in,yc,in,zc,in的坐标求解表达式和出口截面形心的xc,out,yc,out,zc,out的坐标求解表达式;同理,按照定义的方式可以求解出任意离散后截面的形心位置。
上述物理量θy-in、θy-out、θz-in、θz-out、Cin和Cout即为进、出口位置信息。
进一步的,步骤(2)中,通过步骤(1)中对进、出口位置信息的代数化之后,获得扩压器进、出口截面的形心信息;基于扩压器进口截面的形心Cin、扩压器出口截面的形心Cout的坐标,按照如下公式,计算获得扩压器进、出口截面的流向距离,即扩压器的流场长度L记为ΔX;获得扩压器进、出口截面在纵向和展向上的偏距,记为ΔY和ΔZ;
其中ΔY、ΔZ以ΔX及求解方式如公式所示:
进一步的,步骤(3)中,采用参数方程描述扩压器中心线,其中f0(t),f1(t),f2(t)具体形式为一次函数,或者为具有双可调系数的三次多项式,f0(t),f1(t),f2(t)确定后,便唯一确定了扩压器的中心线;
式中,xc,in,yc,in和zc,in分别为扩压器三维中心线的起始点的坐标,其中xc,out,yc,out和zc,out分别为扩压器出口截面形心在直角坐标系o-xyz中的坐标;
参数方程中变量t取值范围为0到1,f0(t)、f1(t)和f2(t)均为以参数t为自变量的函数表达式,其函数值也在0到1之间变化,其中,f0(t)为一次函数,f1(t)和f2(t)均为双系数可调多项式,并且具有相似的形式,因此只给出f1(t)的函数表达式;
其中,a1、a2、a3和a4为待定系数,可以依据给定条件进行求解;其中α0(t)、α1(t)、β0(t)和β1(t)是双系数可调多项式的基函数,其中的是两个可调系数,待定系数确定之后,唯一确定可调系数,获得多种弯曲规律的函数分布;
公式转化为矩阵形式,将f0(t),f1(t),f2(t)记为F(t),转化为矩阵形式的表达式如下:
对于双系数可调多项式,其中F(t)函数的表达式如下:
对于待定系数a1、a2、a3、a4,给定如下约束条件进行求解:
上述方程组中,y’是y的一阶导数;其中θy-in在X-Y平面投影后和x轴的夹角,θy-out在X-Y平面投影后和x轴的夹角;θz-in在X-Z平面投影后和z轴的夹角,θz-out在X-Z平面投影后和z轴的夹角;yc,in是扩压器进口截面的形心在y轴方向的坐标,yc,out是扩压器出口截面的形心在y轴方向的坐标;
由上述方程组求解出多项式系数a1、a2、a3、a4,此时,X-Y平面的扩压器中心线变化规律仅仅取决于两个可调系数通过调整系数可以使X-Y平面扩压器中心线按照简单规律或者复杂规律进行变化;
同理确定X-Z平面上扩压器中心线方程中的待定系数,并使中心线仅仅由两个可调系数调节;
确定扩压器中心线之后,获取扩压器中心线的总长度S作为总弧长。
进一步的,步骤(4)中,将所述N行3列矩阵进行变换,使变换后的矩阵中的第一列数字相同,即x方向上坐标相同,同样使变换后的矩阵中的第一列数字相同,再将映射到一个虚拟的ξ-η二维平面内,并在ξ-η平面中以N行2列的矩阵来表示扩压器进口截面,以N行2列的矩阵来表示扩压器出口截面;
进一步的,步骤(5)中,在ξ-η平面内,设计中控截面的轮廓线,同时指定中控截面形心在扩压器中心线上的弧长位置百分比sm,0<sm<1,并且将ξ-η平面内中控截面轮廓线等弧长离散为N个点,采用N行2列的矩阵描述其中m=1,2,……M;
进一步的,步骤(6)中,在ξ-η二维平面内对半径为1m的整圆作为基准圆并对基准圆进行等弧长的离散;采用N个离散点,获得基准圆在ξ-η二维平面内的坐标,组成N+1行2列的矩阵其中第一行和最后一行的数据相同;矩阵称为基准圆矩阵;
进一步的,步骤(7)中,定义为扩压器进口的系数矩阵,其满足 是N行N+1列的矩阵;矩阵的具体展开表示如下:
展开为:
根据以上方程可解出矩阵同理求得扩压器出口的系数矩阵和中控截面的系数矩阵
进一步的,步骤(8)中,指定过渡截面的总数量K,并指定每个过渡截面形心在扩压器中心线上的弧长位置百分比sk,0<sk<1,其中k=1,2,3……K;如果存在中控截面,则中控截面是过渡截面之一;以过渡截面弧长百分比sk为自变量,以系数矩阵为待插值变量,采用三次样条插值方法,计算出的值;如果存在中控截面,则计算过渡系数矩阵的过程中需要分段进行插值,插值方法仍然采用三次样条插值。
进一步的,步骤(9)中,根据步骤(6)求出的以及步骤(8)求出的计算出各个过渡截面在ξ-η二维平面内的矩阵表达式
第1个过渡截面的轮廓线所对应的矩阵为第2个过渡截面的轮廓线所对应的矩阵为第3个过渡截面的轮廓线所对应的矩阵为依此类推,一直计算到最后一个过渡截面所对应的矩阵下式为过渡截面的矩阵表达式的计算式:
进一步的,步骤(10)中,根据步骤(9)计算的过渡截面的矩阵表达式计算各个过渡截面在ξ-η二维平面内围成的面积,并对矩阵表达式进行适当缩放、加以修正,使最终在ξ-η二维平面内围成的面积等于基准圆的面积,修正后各个过渡截面在ξ-η二维平面内的矩阵表达式仍记为
首先,基于步骤(9)已经获得了用于描述过渡截面轮廓线的离散点矩阵将图形拟合出来,然后计算过渡截面的面积,记第K个过渡截面的面积为Ak;记基准圆面积为Abase
其次,确定Ak、Abase面积的比值,获得比例因子其中r表示和过渡截面面积相同的圆的半径和基准圆半径的比值;
随后,对矩阵进行修正,修正后的矩阵仍采用表示;修正表达式如公式所示
对所有的过渡截面都进行如上处理,获得面积和基准圆相等的一系列过渡截面,以及描述过渡截面的离散点矩阵
进一步的,指定扩压器截面积的变化规律为
Ak=Ain+(Aout-Ain)·w(sk)
其中Ak代表第k个过渡截面的面积,w(sk)为一次函数或者双系数可调多项式;通过给定的扩压器进、出口条件,确定待定系数,此时面积变化规律通过两个可调系数进行调节;
确定过渡截面的缩放系数Gk,其中k=1,2,3……K,具体的表达式如下:
式中Ak代表第k个过渡截面的面积,Aout是扩压器出口截面面积。
进一步的,步骤(12)中,根据步骤(10)中确定的第K个过渡截面面积,按照步骤(11)的面积变化规律再次放大或者缩小该过渡截面的矩阵表达式形成最终的描述过渡截面图形的矩阵表达式,每个图形记为N行3列的矩阵 中的第一列数字为0,后两列与放大或者缩小后的相同,即将ξ-η二维平面内的轮廓线信息,转换到三维坐标系o-xyz内,但仍然保持图形的法向量和x方向相同;
进一步的,步骤(13)中,在步骤(3)所确定的中心线上等弧长地提取K个离散点,在o-xyz坐标系下对所代表的各个过渡截面进行旋转和平移,在旋转和平移后,任意第k个过渡截面的形心都与扩压器中心线上第k个点重合,且在该点处都垂直于扩压器中心线,k=1,2,3……K。随后,获得了满足要求的三维扩张管道即进气道扩压器。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)扩压器中心线的弯曲规律、面积扩张规律及截面过渡规律更加丰富,不仅能实现传统的前缓后急、前急后缓和缓急相当三类变化规律,还可以通过调节可调系数实现更多的变化规律。针对“双S”型中心线,不需要进行分段设计,简化设计流程。
(2)针对左右不对称的扩压器,可以实现一次性完成进口截面和出口截面之间的过渡,不再需要人为地分为左右两半进行分段设计。
本发明提供的设计方法作为计算机程序同时可以存储在存储介质上,包括以下技术方案:
一种电子设备,包括:
一个或多个处理器;以及存储装置用于存储一个或多个程序,当所述一个或多个程序被所述一个或多个处理器执行时,使得所述一个或多个处理器实现上述基于矩阵变换的扩压器改进型设计方法。
以及:
一种计算机可读介质,其上存储有计算机程序,所述程序被处理器执行时实现上述基于矩阵变换的扩压器改进设计方法。
附图说明
图1是不同输入条件下,两种复杂“双S型”中心线的示意图。
图2是常见的进口截面、中控截面以及出口截面轮廓线的示意图。
图3是无中控截面条件下,环扇形进口截面向圆形出口截面转换的二维平面示意图以及三维散点图。
图4是无中控截面条件下,梯形进口截面向圆形出口截面转换的二维平面示意图以及三维散点图。
图5是有中控截面条件下,梯形进口截面向圆形出口截面转换的二维平面示意图以及三维散点图。
图6是设计流程图。
图7是具体实施案例一的输入条件、设计出的中心线以及采用的面积变化规律示意图。
图8是具体实施案例一中生成的三维扩压器的正视图。
图9是具体实施案例一中生成的三维扩压器的俯视图。
图10是具体实施案例一中生成的三维扩压器的侧视图。
图11是具体实施案例二的输入条件、设计出的中心线以及采用的面积变化规律示意图。
图12是具体实施案例二中生成的三维扩压器的三维视图。
图13是具体实施案例二中生成的三维扩压器的正视图。
图14是具体实施案例二中生成的三维扩压器的俯视图。
图15是具体实施案例二中生成的三维扩压器的侧视图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、设计流程、技术方法和优点更加清楚,下面将结合附图对本发明做进一步的详细说明。
说明书附图中图6是本发明专利的设计流程图,如图6所示,本发明提供的改进型扩压器通用设计方法包括以下步骤:
(1)【根据发动机的总体约束参数,即给定的扩压器进、出口截面,提取出o-xyz三维坐标系下的进、出口位置信息】根据发动机的总体约束参数,即给定的扩压器进、出口截面,在o-xyz三维坐标系下,分别于进口截面和出口截面的轮廓线上等弧长地提取N个离散点,获得每个点的三维坐标,并将其放置在N行3列的矩阵中
是进口截面轮廓线上提取出的离散点所组成的矩阵,其中第一列表示点的x轴坐标,第二列表示点的y轴坐标,第三列表示点的z轴坐标。上标in表示该点位于进口截面轮廓线上,下标1、2……N表示第i个离散点,N为每条曲线上离散点的数量;
是进口截面轮廓线上提取出的离散点所组成的矩阵,其中第一列表示点的x轴坐标,第二列表示点的y轴坐标,第三列表示点的z轴坐标。上标out表示该点位于出口截面轮廓线上,下标1、2……N表示第i个离散点,N为每条曲线上离散点的数量;
基于轮廓线上各个离散点的坐标矩阵计算进口截面和出口截面的法向量同时计算出进口截面和出口截面的形心Cin和Cout的坐标。
根据进出口截面的法向量可以确定出中心线在进、出口截面处的倾角信息,其中θy-in在X-Y平面投影后和x轴的夹角,θy-out在X-Y平面投影后和x轴的夹角;θz-in在X-Z平面投影后和z轴的夹角,θz-out在X-Z平面投影后和z轴的夹角;
其中采用算数平均的方式定义进口截面以及出口截面的中心位置,记为形心。公式(1)为进口截面形心Cin的xc,in,yc,in,zc,in的坐标求解表达式。同理,按照定义的方式可以求解出任意离散后截面的形心位置,包括出口截面的形心Cout
上述物理量θy-in、θy-out、θz-in、θz-out和Cin即为“进、出口位置信息”。
(2)【计算扩压器流向长度以及纵向和展向的偏距】基于进、出口截面的形心坐标Cin和Cout,获得进、出口截面的流向距离,即扩压器的流向长度L记为ΔX;获得扩压器进、出口截面在纵向和展向上的偏距,记为ΔY和ΔZ。
其中ΔY、ΔZ以及ΔX求解方式如公式(2)所示:
(3)【中心线设计】采用公式(3)所示的参数方程描述中心线,其中f0(t),f1(t),f2(t)具体形式为一次函数,或者为具有双可调系数的三次多项式,f0(t),f1(t),f2(t)确定后,便唯一确定了扩压器的中心线。
式中,xc,in,yc,in和zc,in分别为进口截面形心Cin的坐标,其中xc,out,yc,out和zc,out分别为出口截面形心Cout在o-xyz中的坐标。
参数方程中变量t取值范围为0到1,f0(t)、f1(t)和f2(t)均为以参数t为自变量的函数表达式,其函数值也在0到1之间变化,其中,f0(t)为一次函数,f1(t)和f2(t)均为双系数可调多项式,并且具有相似的形式,因此只给出f1(t)的函数表达式,如公式(4)所示:
其中,a1、a2、a3和a4为待定系数,可以依据给定条件进行求解。其中α0(t)、α1(t)、β0(t)和β1(t)是双系数可调多项式的基函数,其中的是两个可调系数,待定系数确定之后,可以唯一确定可调系数,获得多种弯曲规律的函数分布。
因此,上述公式(3)也可以转化为矩阵形式,为了便于书写,将f0(t),f1(t),f2(t)记为F(t),公式(3)的具体矩阵表达式如下:
对于双系数可调多项式,其中F(t)函数的表达式如下:
对于待定系数a1、a2、a3、a4,给定如下约束条件进行求解:
上述方程组中,y’是y的一阶导数。其中θy-in在X-Y平面投影后和x轴的夹角,θy-out在X-Y平面投影后和x轴的夹角;θz-in在X-Z平面投影后和z轴的夹角,θz-out在X-Z平面投影后和z轴的夹角;yc,in和yc,out分别是进、出口截面的形心在y轴方向的坐标。
由上述方程组求解处多项式系数a1、a2、a3、a4,此时,X-Y平面的中心线变化规律仅仅取决于两个可调系数通常调整系数,可以使X-Y平面中心线按照简单规律进行变化。
同理可以确定X-Z平面上中心线方程中的待定系数,并使中心线仅仅由两个可调系数调节。
本专利说明书附图的图1给出了不同的取值时,可以在起点和终点之间,一次性形成具有不同弯曲规律的的中心线,包括弯曲方式较为复杂的“双S型”中心线。
确定中心线之后,可以获取中心线的总长度S(总弧长)。
(4)【将进、出口截面的三维离散点映射到虚拟的ξ-η二维平面内】对进、出口截面在o-xyz坐标系中离散得到的N行3列矩阵进行变换,分别使其变换后的矩阵的第一列数字相同,即x方向上坐标相同,再将其映射到一个虚拟的ξ-η二维平面内,并在ξ-η平面中以N行2列的矩阵来表示进、出口截面。常见的进、出口截面的二维示意图以及半侧轮廓线的离散点示意图如图2所示,即使是不规则图形,也同样可以给出整体的按照等弧长方式离散得到的全轮廓线的示意图。
(5)【设计中控截面】通常情况下,扩压器设计时,通常从进口截面光顺地过渡到出口截面,但是,也可通过设计M个中控截面对型面过渡进行控制。在ξ-η平面内,设计中控截面的轮廓线,同时指定中控截面形心在扩压器中心线上的弧长位置百分比sm(0<sm<1),并且将ξ-η平面内中控截面轮廓线等弧长离散为N个点,采用N行2列的矩阵描述其中m=1,2,……M。
(6)【在ξ-η二维平面内对基准圆进行离散】在ξ-η二维平面内,定义半径为1m的整圆为基准曲线(简称基准圆),等弧长地提取基准圆上的N个离散点及其在ξ-η平面内的坐标,组成N+1行2列的矩阵其中第一行和最后一行数据相同,称为基准圆矩阵。
(7)【计算进、出口的系数矩阵】定义为进口的系数矩阵,其满足 是N行N+1列的矩阵。矩阵的具体展开表示如下:
可展开为:
根据以上方程可解出矩阵同理,可以求得出口的系数矩阵和中控截面的系数矩阵
(8)【计算过渡截面的系数矩阵】指定过渡截面的总数量K(含进、出口截面),并指定每个过渡截面形心在扩压器中心线上的弧长位置百分比sk(0<sk<1),其中k=1,2,3……K。如果存在中控截面,则中控截面是过渡截面之一。以过渡截面弧长百分比sk为自变量,以系数矩阵为待插值变量,采用三次样条插值方法,计算出的值。
(9)【反算出各个过渡截面在ξ-η二维平面内的矩阵表达式】根据步骤(6)求出的以及步骤(8)求出的计算出各个过渡截面在ξ-η二维平面内的矩阵表达式
对于第1个截面,其轮廓线所对应的矩阵为对于第2个截面,其轮廓线所对应的矩阵为对于第3个截面,其轮廓线所对应的矩阵为依此类推,一直计算到最后一个截面下式为过渡截面的矩阵表达式的计算式:
(10)【修正各个过渡截面在ξ-η二维平面内的矩阵表达式】根据矩阵计算各个过渡截面在ξ-η二维平面内围成的面积,并对矩阵进行适当缩放,使其最终在ξ-η二维平面内围成的面积等于基准圆的面积,对缩放修正后,其矩阵表达式仍记为缩放修正的详细步骤如下:
首先,基于步骤(9)已经获得了用于描述过渡截面轮廓线的离散点矩阵通过离散点矩阵,将图形拟合出来,然后计算其面积,记第K个过渡截面的面积为Ak;记基准圆面积为Abase
其次,确定二者面积的比值,获得缩放因子其中r表示和过渡截面面积相同的圆的半径和基准圆半径的比值。
随后,对矩阵进行修正,修正后的矩阵仍采用表示。修正表达式如公式(7)所示
对所有的过渡截面都进行如上处理,获得K个过渡截面在ξ-η二维平面的矩阵表达式
(11)【指定面积变化规律】
在第(1)步至第(10)步中只是确定了进气道各横截面的形状,并调整各截面面积大小都等于基准圆的面积。但进气道扩压器要求管道横截面的面积逐渐增大的,因此还需要进一步调整各个横截面的大小,使得各个横截面的面积按照一定规律增加。因此指定扩压器截面积的变化规律为
Ak=Ain+(Aout-Ain)·w(sk)
其中Ak代表第k个过渡截面的面积….,w(sk)可为一次函数或者双系数可调多项式。双系数可调多项式的形式和中心线变化规律f1(t)形式相似。通过给定的进出口条件,可以确定待定系数,此时面积变化规律可以通过两个可调系数进行调节。
确定过渡截面的缩放系数Gk,其中k=1,2,3……K,具体的表达式如下:
式中Ak代表第k个过渡截面的面积,Aout是出口截面面积。
(12)【获得最终过渡截面】
对步骤(10)获得的放大或缩小(k=1,2,3……K),缩放系数Gk为步骤(11)确定的,获得最终过渡截面,其矩阵表达式为N行3列的矩阵的第一列数字为0,后两列与放大或者缩小后的相同,即将ξ-η二维平面内的轮廓线信息,转换到三维坐标系o-xyz内,但仍然保持图形的法向量和x方向相同。
(13)【在o-xyz坐标系下对各个旋转和平移,得到最终的扩压器三维型面】在步骤(3)所确定的中心线上等弧长地提取K个离散点,在o-xyz坐标系下对所代表的各个截面进行旋转和平移,在旋转和平移后,任意第K个截面的形心都与中心线上第K个点重合,且在该点处都垂直于中心线(k=1,2,3……K)。随后,获得了满足要求的三维扩张管道(即进气道扩压器)。
基于步骤(1)到步骤(13),最终实现了扩压器三维中心线设计以及过渡截面设计。本设计方法实现了通用性,在不同的进口截面形状下,无论有无中控截面都能实现进口截面到出口截面的光滑过渡。
图3给出了没有中控截面的情况下,环扇形进口向圆形出口转换的二维平面示意图以及三维散点图;
图4给出了没有中控截面的情况下,梯形进口向圆形出口转换的二维平面示意图以及三维散点图;
图5给出了有中控截面的情况下,梯形进口向圆形出口转换的二维平面示意图以及三维散点图。
以下提供两个具体实施案例,验证本设计方法的有效性。
具体实施案例一(无中控截面):
根据上述设计方法,采用Matlab软件编写了扩压器设计程序,这里以图3所示的形状为进气道的进、出口截面,开展扩压器设计,其他设计参数如下列表格所示:
表1

设计参数以及设计的中心线以及面积变化规律如图7所示。
设计中共取了24个截面(包括进口截面和出口截面),将程序计算结果导出,在UG中生成的进气道模型,其正视图、俯视图和侧视图分别如图8、图9和图10所示。
设计案例二(有中控截面):
根据上述算法,本项目用Matlab软件编写了设计通用亚声速进气道(扩压器)的设计程序,这里以进气道扩张比1.5、截面面积变化规律为缓急相当的进气道为例,其进口截面、中控截面和出口截面采用图2所示的形状,其几何输入条件如下列表格所示:
表2

设计参数以及设计的中心线如图11所示,其中面积变化规律仍然是缓急相当。
设计中共取了24个截面(包括进口截面、中控截面以及出口截面),
将程序计算结果导出,在UG中生成的三维进气道模型如图12所示,其正视图、俯视图和侧视图分别如图13、图14和图15所示。
上述基于矩阵变换的扩压器改进设计方法通过如Matlab软件编写为程序语言,并能够储存于处理器或计算机可读介质中,故本发明还给出电子设备及计算机可读介质的实施例。
一种电子设备的实施例,包括:
一个或多个处理器;以及存储装置用于存储一个或多个程序,当所述一个或多个程序被所述一个或多个处理器执行时,使得所述一个或多个处理器实现上述的基于矩阵变换的扩压器改进设计方法。
一种计算机可读介质的实施例,其上存储有计算机程序,所述程序被处理器执行时实现上述基于矩阵变换的改进通用进气道设计方法。
另外,本发明的具体实现方法和途径很多,以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种基于矩阵变换的扩压器改进设计方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤,
    (1)根据发动机总体约束参数,即给定的扩压器进、出口截面,提取出在o-xyz三维坐标系下的扩压器进、出口位置信息,并将发动机进出口位置信息代数化;
    (2)基于扩压器进、出口截面的形心坐标,获得扩压器进、出口截面的流向距离以及纵向的偏距和展向的偏距;
    (3)采用一次函数或者双系数可调多项式设计扩压器中心线;采用参数方程描述扩压器中心线,其中f0(t),f1(t),f2(t)具体形式为一次函数,或者为具有双可调系数的多项式,f0(t),f1(t),f2(t)确定后,便唯一确定了扩压器的中心线;
    式中,xc,in,yc,in和zc,in分别为扩压器三维中心线的起始点的坐标,其中xc,out,yc,out和zc,out分别为扩压器出口截面形心在直角坐标系o-xyz中的坐标;
    参数方程中变量t取值范围为0到1,f0(t)、f1(t)和f2(t)均为以参数t为自变量的函数表达式,其函数值也在0到1之间变化,其中,f0(t)为一次函数,f1(t)和f2(t)均为双系数可调多项式;f1(t)和f2(t)具有相似的形式,因此只给出f1(t)的函数表达式;
    其中,a1、a2、a3和a4为待定系数,可以依据给定条件进行求解;其中α0(t)、α1(t)、β0(t)和β1(t)是双系数可调多项式的基函数,其中的是两个可调系数,待定系数确定之后,唯一确定可调系数,获得多种弯曲规律的函数分布;
    公式转化为矩阵形式,将f0(t),f1(t),f2(t)记为F(t),转化为矩阵形式的表达式如下:
    对于双系数可调多项式,其中F(t)函数的表达式如下:
    对于待定系数a1、a2、a3、a4,给定如下约束条件进行求解:
    上述方程组中,y’是y的一阶导数;其中θy-in在X-Y平面投影后和x轴的夹角,θy-out在X-Y平面投影后和x轴的夹角;yc,in是扩压器进口截面的形心在y轴方向的坐标,yc,out是扩压器出口截面的形心在y轴方向的坐标;
    由上述方程组求解出多项式系数a1、a2、a3、a4,此时,X-Y平面的扩压器中心线变化规律仅仅取决于两个可调系数通过调整系数可以使X-Y平面扩压器中心线按照简单规律或者复杂规律进行变化;
    同理确定X-Z平面上扩压器中心线方程中的待定系数,并使中心线仅仅由两个可调系数调节;
    (4)将扩压器进、出口截面的三维离散点映射到虚拟的ξ-η二维平面上;
    (5)在ξ-η二维平面内设计M个中控截面;
    (6)在ξ-η二维平面内对基准圆进行离散,获得基准圆矩阵
    (7)基于基准圆矩阵获得扩压器进口截面的系数矩阵及扩压器出口截面的系数矩阵
    (8)确定包括中控截面的过渡截面的数量K并通过三次样条插值计算出K个过渡截面的系数矩阵
    (9)基于过渡截面的系数矩阵计算出各个过渡截面在ξ-η二维平面内的矩阵表达式
    (10)对过渡截面的矩阵表达式进行修正,使过渡截面的矩阵表达式描述的截面面积和基准圆面积相等;
    (11)采用一次函数或者双系数可调多项式确定沿中心线扩压器的面积变化规律;指定扩压器截面积的变化规律为
    Ak=Ain+(Aout-Ain)·w(sk)
    其中Ak代表第k个过渡截面的面积,w(sk)为一次函数或者双系数可调多项式,Aout是扩压器出口截面面积;通过给定的扩压器进、出口条件,确定待定系数,此时面积变化规律通过两个可调系数进行调节;
    确定过渡截面的缩放系数Gk,其中k=1,2,3……K,具体的表达式如下:
    式中Ak代表第k个过渡截面的面积,Aout是扩压器出口截面面积;
    (12)基于面积变化规律,获得最终的过渡截面的二维图形,即三维空间内描述该截面的矩阵
    (13)在o-xyz坐标系下对各个过渡截面的矩阵进行旋转和平移,获得最终的扩压器三维型面。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的设计方法,其特征在于:
    步骤(1)中根据发动机的总体约束参数,即给定的扩压器进、出口截面,在o-xyz三维坐标系下,分别于扩压器进口截面和扩压器出口截面的轮廓线上等弧长地提取N个离散点,获得每个点的三维坐标,并将每个点的三维坐标放置在N行3列的矩阵中
    是扩压器进口截面轮廓线上提取出的离散点所组成的矩阵,其中第一列表示点的x轴坐标,第二列表示点的y轴坐标,第三列表示点的z轴坐标;上标in表示该点位于扩压器进口截面轮廓线上,下标1、2……N表示第i个离散点,N为每条曲线上离散点的数量;
    是扩压器出口截面轮廓线上提取出的离散点所组成的矩阵,其中第一列表示点的x轴坐标,第二列表示点的y轴坐标,第三列表示点的z轴坐标;上标out表示该点位于扩压器出口截面轮廓线上,下标1、2……N表示第i个离散点,N为每条曲线上离散点的数量;
    基于轮廓线上各个离散点的坐标矩阵计算扩压器进口截面的法向量和扩压器出口截面的法向量同时计算出进口截面的形心Cin坐标和出口截面的形心Cout的坐标;
    根据法向量确定出中心线在扩压器进、出口截面处的倾角信息,其中θy-in在X-Y平面投影后和x轴的夹角,θy-out在X-Y平面投影后和x轴的夹角;θz-in在X-Z平面投影后和z轴的夹角,θz-out在X-Z平面投影后和z轴的夹角;
    其中采用算数平均的方式定义扩压器进口截面以及扩压器出口截面的中心位置,记为形心;下式为进口截面形心Cin的xc,in,yc,in,zc,in的坐标求解表达式和出口截面形心的xc,out,yc,out,zc,out的坐标求解表达式;同理,按照定义的方式可以求解出任意离散后截面的形心位置;
    上述物理量θy-in、θy-out、θz-in、θz-out、Cin和Cout即为进、出口位置信息。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的设计方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,通过步骤(1)中对进、出口位置信息的代数化之后,获得扩压器进、出口截面的形心信息;基于扩压器进口截面的形心Cin、扩压器出口截面的形心Cout的坐标,按照如下公式,计算获得扩压器进、出口截面的流向距离,即扩压器的流场长度L记为ΔX;获得扩压器进、出口截面在纵向和展向上的偏距,记为ΔY和ΔZ;
    其中ΔY、ΔZ以ΔX及求解方式如公式所示:
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的设计方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,确定扩压器中心线之后,获取扩压器中心线的总长度S作为总弧长。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的设计方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中,将所述N行3列矩阵进行变换,使变换后的矩阵中的第一列数字相同,即x方向上坐标相同,同样使变换后的矩阵中的第一列数字相同,再将映射到一个虚拟的ξ-η二维平面内,并在ξ-η平面中以N行2列的矩阵来表示扩压器进口截面,以N行2列的矩阵来表示扩压器出口截面;
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的设计方法,其特征在于:步骤(5)中,在ξ-η平面内,设计中控截面的轮廓线,同时指定中控截面形心在扩压器中心线上的弧长位置百分比sm,0<sm<1,并且将ξ-η平面内中控截面轮廓线等弧长离散为N个点,采用N行2列的矩阵描述其中m=1,2,……M;
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的设计方法,其特征在于:步骤(6)中,在ξ-η二维平面内对半径为1m的整圆作为基准圆并对基准圆进行等弧长的离散;采用N个离散点,获得基准圆在ξ-η二维平面内的坐标,组成N+1行2列的矩阵其中第一行和最后一行的数据相同;矩阵称为基准圆矩阵;
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的设计方法,其特征在于:步骤(7)中,定义为扩压器进口的系数矩阵,其满足 是N行N+1列的矩阵;矩阵的具体展开表示如下:
    展开为:
    根据以上方程可解出矩阵同理求得扩压器出口的系数矩阵和中控截面的系数矩阵
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的设计方法,其特征在于:步骤(8)中,指定过渡截面的总数量K,并指定每个过渡截面形心在扩压器中心线上的弧长位置百分比sk,0<sk<1,其中k=1,2,3……K;如果存在中控截面,则中控截面是过渡截面之一;以过渡截面弧长百分比sk为自变量,以系数矩阵为待插值变量,采用三次样条插值方法,计算出的值;计算中控截面的过渡系数矩阵的过程中需要分段进行插值,插值方法仍然采用三次样条插值。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的设计方法,其特征在于:步骤(9)中,根据步骤(6)求出的以及步骤(8)求出的计算出各个过渡截面在ξ-η二维平面内的矩阵表达式
    第1个过渡截面的轮廓线所对应的矩阵为第2个过渡截面的轮廓线所对应的矩阵为第3个过渡截面的轮廓线所对应的矩阵为依此类推,一直计算到最后一个过渡截面所对应的矩阵下式为过渡截面的矩阵表达式的计算式:
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的设计方法,其特征在于:步骤(10)中,根据步骤(9)计算的过渡截面的矩阵表达式计算各个过渡截面在ξ-η二维平面内围成的面积,并对矩阵表达式进行适当缩放、加以修正,使最终在ξ-η二维平面内围成的面积等于基准圆的面积,修正后各个过渡截面在ξ-η二维平面内的矩阵表达式仍记为
    首先,基于步骤(9)已经获得了用于描述过渡截面轮廓线的离散点矩阵将图形拟合出来,然后计算过渡截面的面积,记第K个过渡截面的面积为Ak;记基准圆面积为Abase
    其次,确定Ak、Abase面积的比值,获得比例因子其中r表示和过渡截面面积相同的圆的半径和基准圆半径的比值;
    随后,对矩阵进行修正,修正后的矩阵仍采用表示;修正表达式如公式所示
    对所有的过渡截面都进行如上处理,获得面积和基准圆相等的一系列过渡截面,以及描述过渡截面的离散点矩阵
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的设计方法,其特征在于:步骤(12)中,根据步骤(10)中确定的第K个过渡截面面积,按照步骤(11)的面积变化规律再次放大或者缩小该过渡截面的矩阵表达式形成最终的描述过渡截面图形的矩阵表达式,每个图形记为N行3列的矩阵中的第一列数字为0,后两列与放大或者缩小后的相同,即将ξ-η二维平面内的轮廓线信息,转换到三维坐标系o-xyz内,但仍然保持图形的法向量和x方向相同;
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的设计方法,其特征在于:步骤(13)中,在步骤(3)所确定的中心线上等弧长地提取K个离散点,在o-xyz坐标系下对所代表的各个过渡截面进行旋转和平移,在旋转和平移后,任意第k个过渡截面的形心都与扩压器中心线上第k个点重合,且在该点处都垂直于扩压器中心线,k=1,2,3……K;随后,获得了满足要求的三维扩张管道即进气道扩压器。
  14. 一种电子设备,包括:
    一个或多个处理器;以及存储装置用于存储一个或多个程序,当所述一个或多个程序被所述一个或多个处理器执行时,使得所述一个或多个处理器实现权利要求1至13中任一项所述的设计方法。
  15. 一种计算机可读介质,其上存储有计算机程序,其特征在于,所述程序被处理器执行时实现权利要求1至13中任一项所述的设计方法。
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