WO2025213637A1 - 电池壳体、电池及电池包 - Google Patents

电池壳体、电池及电池包

Info

Publication number
WO2025213637A1
WO2025213637A1 PCT/CN2024/109002 CN2024109002W WO2025213637A1 WO 2025213637 A1 WO2025213637 A1 WO 2025213637A1 CN 2024109002 W CN2024109002 W CN 2024109002W WO 2025213637 A1 WO2025213637 A1 WO 2025213637A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
explosion
proof
sub
battery
center point
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/109002
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
钟浩
杨春明
库志新
胡志海
段栋
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eve Power Co Ltd
Huizhou Eve Power Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Eve Power Co Ltd
Huizhou Eve Power Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eve Power Co Ltd, Huizhou Eve Power Co Ltd filed Critical Eve Power Co Ltd
Publication of WO2025213637A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025213637A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04Construction or manufacture in general
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/107Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery housing, a battery, and a battery pack.
  • the battery casing When a battery is exposed to high temperatures, overcharged, or short-circuited, it produces a large amount of gas, which can cause the pressure inside the battery casing to rise sharply. To prevent the battery from exploding, the battery casing is usually provided with explosion-proof notches, which rupture to release pressure and exhaust.
  • the battery shell usually needs to be installed with a core pack and undergo battery strength safety performance testing.
  • explosion-proof notches are often prone to premature rupture.
  • the area near the center of the battery shell needs to be welded. The heat during the welding process can easily affect the strength of the surrounding material, causing the explosion-proof notch to rupture prematurely before the preset internal pressure is reached.
  • the battery needs to be dropped from a high position, which can easily cause the battery shell to rupture due to the explosion-proof notch after falling, making it unusable.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery case, comprising a base plate and a surrounding plate arranged around the base plate; wherein the surrounding plate and the base plate jointly define a accommodating cavity having an opening, and the opening and the base plate are arranged relative to each other; the base plate has a center point, and an explosion-proof notch is provided on the base plate, and the explosion-proof notch has an inner edge closest to the center point and an outer edge farthest from the center point, the distance between the inner edge and the center point is greater than or equal to 1/2 of the radius of the base plate, and the distance between the outer edge and the center point is less than or equal to 4/5 of the radius of the base plate.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery, which includes the battery housing described in the first aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery pack, which includes the battery described in the second aspect.
  • the explosion-proof notch is set at a position at least 1/2 radius away from the center point, so that the position where the explosion-proof notch is set can be avoided from being too close to the center point, thereby avoiding the heat generated by the welding of the bottom plate during the welding process affecting the strength of the material at the position where the explosion-proof notch is set, thereby causing the explosion-proof notch to easily break in advance.
  • the explosion-proof notch is set in an area of 4/5 radius from the center point, so that the problem of the explosion-proof notch breaking due to a large collision at the edge of the bottom plate during the subsequent strength safety test of the battery can be avoided. Therefore, the battery case provided in the present application can ensure the stability of the explosion-proof notch, thereby ensuring the stability of the battery in use.
  • FIG1 is a perspective schematic diagram of a battery housing provided in an embodiment of the present application at a first viewing angle
  • FIG2 is a perspective schematic diagram of a battery housing provided in an embodiment of the present application at a second viewing angle
  • FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a base plate according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG4A is a schematic structural diagram of a base plate according to other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG4B is a schematic structural diagram of a base plate according to some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a battery housing provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of area F in FIG5 .
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • connect can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integration; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and can refer to internal communication between two components or interaction between two components.
  • a first feature being “above” or “below” a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or the first and second features being in contact not directly but through another feature between them. Furthermore, a first feature being “above,” “above,” and “above” a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, with the first feature having a higher horizontal height than the second feature. A first feature being “below,” “below,” and “below” a second feature includes the first feature being directly below and obliquely below the second feature, with the first feature having a lower horizontal height than the second feature.
  • the core pack installation process requires welding near the center of the battery casing.
  • the heat from this welding process can easily affect the strength of the surrounding material, causing the explosion-proof notch to rupture prematurely before the preset internal pressure is reached.
  • subsequent strength safety testing of the battery requires dropping the battery from a high position, which can easily cause the explosion-proof notch to rupture after the drop, rendering the battery casing unusable.
  • the battery housing 100 includes a bottom plate 10 and a surrounding plate 20 disposed around the bottom plate 10 .
  • the enclosure 20 and the bottom plate 10 jointly define a receiving cavity with an opening 201, and the opening 201 and the bottom plate 10 are arranged relative to each other.
  • the inner surface of the enclosure 20 encloses a cavity with openings at both ends, and the bottom plate 10 closes the opening at one end of the cavity. Therefore, the inner surface of the enclosure 20 and the surface of the bottom plate 10 on the side close to the enclosure 20 together form the above-mentioned receiving cavity with an opening 201.
  • This receiving cavity can accommodate the core pack, and the battery housing 100 can provide good protection for the core pack, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the core pack.
  • base plate 10 has a center point O and an explosion-proof notch 111 formed thereon.
  • Explosion-proof notch 111 has an inner edge 101 closest to center point O and an outer edge 102 farthest from center point O.
  • Explosion-proof notch 111 may have several edges, and of all edges, the distance between inner edge 101 and center point O is the smallest, while the distance between outer edge 102 and center point O is the largest.
  • the distance L1 between the inner edge 101 and the center point O is greater than or equal to 1/2 of the radius R of the bottom plate 10
  • the distance L2 between the outer edge 102 and the center point O is less than or equal to 4/5 of the radius R of the bottom plate 10 .
  • the explosion-proof notch 111 is set at a position at least 1/2 of the radius from the center point O. This can prevent the explosion-proof notch 111 from being too close to the center point O, thereby preventing the heat generated by the welding of the bottom plate 10 during the welding process from affecting the material strength of the position where the explosion-proof notch 111 is set, thereby causing the explosion-proof notch 111 to easily break prematurely.
  • the explosion-proof notch 111 is set within an area of 4/5 of the radius from the center point. This can avoid the problem of the explosion-proof notch 111 breaking due to a large collision on the edge of the bottom plate 10 during the subsequent strength safety test of the battery. Therefore, the battery housing provided by the present application can ensure the stability of the explosion-proof notch 111, thereby ensuring the stability of the battery during use.
  • the ratio of the distance L1 between the inner edge 101 and the center point O to the radius R of the base plate 10 can be greater than or equal to 1/2 and less than or equal to 13/20. That is, 1/2 ⁇ L1/R ⁇ 13/20.
  • this ratio can be 1/2, 3/5, 4/7, 5/8, 5/9, or 13/20.
  • the ratio of the distance L2 between the outer edge 102 and the center point O to the radius R of the base plate 10 can be greater than 13/20 and less than or equal to 4/5. That is, 13/20 ⁇ L2/R ⁇ 4/5.
  • this ratio can be 2/3, 3/4, 4/5, 5/7, 7/9, etc., which are not listed here one by one.
  • the distance L1 between the inner edge 101 and the center point O is greater than or equal to 3/5 of the radius R of the base plate 10
  • the distance L2 between the outer edge 102 and the center point O is less than or equal to 7/10 of the radius R of the base plate 10 .
  • the explosion-proof notch 111 is located farther from the edge of the bottom plate 10, thereby preventing the explosion-proof notch 111 from rupturing due to a large collision with the edge of the bottom plate 10 during the battery strength safety test.
  • the explosion-proof notch 111 is located farther from the center point O, thereby preventing the heat generated by the welding of the bottom plate 10 during the welding process from affecting the material strength of the location where the explosion-proof notch 111 is located, thereby preventing the explosion-proof notch 111 from rupturing prematurely.
  • the explosion-proof score 111 includes an explosion-proof sub-score 1110, the sub-inner edge 1001 of the explosion-proof sub-score 1110 closest to the center point O serves as the above-mentioned inner edge 101, and the sub-outer edge 1002 of the explosion-proof sub-score 1110 farthest from the center point O serves as the above-mentioned outer edge 102.
  • the explosion-proof sub-score 1110 can be located on one side of the center point O and have an open shape, such as a straight line or other shapes.
  • the edges of the explosion-proof sub-score 1110 at both ends of the extension direction serve as the inner edge 101 and outer edge 102, respectively.
  • the explosion-proof sub-score 1110 can be enclosed around the center point O.
  • the explosion-proof sub-score 1110 can be square, circular, oval, heart-shaped, or other shapes.
  • the edges of the explosion-proof sub-score 1110 on opposite sides serve as the inner edge 101 and outer edge 102, respectively.
  • the explosion-proof sub-score 1110 is enclosed around the center point O, this helps ensure the continuity of the explosion-proof score 111.
  • the pressure in the battery casing is excessive, the explosion-proof score 111 can evenly rupture, thereby smoothly depressurizing the battery.
  • the explosion-proof scoring 111 includes a plurality of mutually spaced explosion-proof sub-scores 1110. That is, there is no continuity between any two explosion-proof sub-scores 1110.
  • Each explosion-proof sub-score 1110 has a sub-inner edge 1001 closest to the center point O and a sub-outer edge 1002 farthest from the center point O.
  • the sub-inner edge 1001 closest to the center point O among the multiple sub-inner edges 1001 serves as the inner edge 101
  • the sub-outer edge 1002 farthest from the center point O among the multiple sub-outer edges 1002 serves as the outer edge 102.
  • multiple explosion-proof sub-scores 1110 are arranged around the center point O. This allows the multiple explosion-proof sub-scores 1110 to be distributed relatively evenly, which can help these explosion-proof sub-scores 1110 to rupture together, thereby ensuring the working stability of the explosion-proof score 111.
  • At least some of the explosion-proof sub-scores 1110 are arranged in a circular array. This helps improve the uniformity of the positions of the explosion-proof sub-scores 1110, thereby facilitating the simultaneous rupture of these explosion-proof sub-scores 1110 and ensuring the operational stability of the explosion-proof sub-scores 1110.
  • all explosion-proof sub-scores 1110 are arranged in a circular array.
  • the sub-inner edge 1001 of any explosion-proof sub-score 1110 can serve as the inner edge 101
  • the sub-outer edge 1002 of any explosion-proof sub-score 1110 can serve as the outer edge 102 .
  • some explosion-proof sub-scores 1110 are arranged in a circular array, while another portion of explosion-proof sub-scores 1110 is located outside the aforementioned portion of explosion-proof sub-scores 1110 relative to the center point O, also arranged in a circular array. That is, both portions of explosion-proof sub-scores 1110 surround the center point O and are located at different locations on the circle.
  • the sub-inner edges 1001 of the explosion-proof sub-scores 1110 closer to the center point O can serve as the aforementioned inner edge 101
  • the sub-outer edges 1002 of the explosion-proof sub-scores 1110 farther from the center point O can serve as the aforementioned outer edge 102.
  • the plurality of explosion-proof sub-scores 1110 may also be spaced apart in a direction away from the center point O.
  • the width of the explosion-proof sub-score 1110 can be 1 mm.
  • the width direction of the explosion-proof sub-score 1110 is perpendicular to the extension direction of the explosion-proof sub-score 1110.
  • the width of the explosion-proof sub-score 1110 is also the width of the explosion-proof score 111.
  • the opening position of the explosion-proof notch 111 and the valve opening pressure (i.e., the pressure inside the battery housing when the explosion-proof notch 111 is opened) were tested.
  • the thickness of the enclosure 20 was 0.4 mm
  • the thickness of the bottom plate 10 was 0.6 mm
  • the spacing between the bottom of the explosion-proof notch 111 and the other side of the bottom plate 10 was 0.1 mm
  • the width of the explosion-proof notch 111 was 1 mm
  • the diameter of the bottom plate 10 was 26 mm.
  • Table 1 shows that when the distance L1 between the inner edge 101 of explosion-proof notch 111 and center point O increases from 4.5 mm to 6.5 mm (i.e., the ratio of this distance L1 to the radius R of base plate 10 increases from 9/26 to 1/2), the valve opening pressure increases significantly. This indicates that when the inner edge 101 of explosion-proof notch 111 is located within this region, the heat generated by welding base plate 10 significantly affects the notch 111, resulting in a significant change in the valve opening pressure.
  • the data in Table 2 shows that when the distance L2 between the outer edge 102 of the explosion-proof notch 111 and the center point O increases from 6.5 mm to 10.4 mm (i.e., the ratio of this distance L2 to the radius R of the base plate 10 increases from 1/2 to 4/5), the change in valve opening pressure is very gradual. This indicates that when the outer edge 102 of the explosion-proof notch 111 is located within this range, collisions at the edge of the base plate 10 during subsequent battery strength and safety testing will have little impact on the explosion-proof notch 111, resulting in minimal changes in the valve opening pressure.
  • valve opening pressure decreases significantly. This indicates that when the outer edge 102 of the explosion-proof notch 111 is located within this area, collisions at the edge of the base plate 10 during subsequent battery strength and safety testing will have a significant impact on the explosion-proof notch 111, resulting in significant changes in the valve opening pressure.
  • the explosion-proof notch 111 when the distance L1 between the inner edge 101 and the center point O is greater than or equal to 1/2 of the radius R of the bottom plate 10, and the distance L2 between the outer edge 102 and the center point O is less than or equal to 4/5 of the radius R of the bottom plate 10, the explosion-proof notch 111 has a relatively stable valve opening pressure, which is beneficial to ensuring the stability of battery use.
  • the explosion-proof notch 111 is located on one side surface of the bottom plate 10, and the explosion-proof notch 111 has a groove bottom, and the distance A1 between the groove bottom and the other side surface of the bottom plate 10 is greater than or equal to 0.03 mm and less than or equal to 0.2 mm.
  • Such an arrangement is conducive to the fracture at the position of the explosion-proof notch 111, thereby smoothly achieving exhaust and pressure relief.
  • the normal pressure relief pressure of the battery is between 1.2 MPa and 2.5 MPa. Setting the spacing A1 within the above range is conducive to achieving pressure relief within the above pressure relief range. For example, when the spacing A1 is equal to 0.03 mm, the pressure relief pressure of the battery roughly corresponds to 1.2 MPa. That is to say, when the pressure inside the battery is greater than or equal to 1.2 MPa, the explosion-proof notch 111 will crack, thereby achieving pressure relief. When the spacing A1 is equal to 0.2 mm, the pressure relief pressure of the battery roughly corresponds to 2.5 MPa. That is to say, when the pressure inside the battery is greater than or equal to 2.5 MPa, the explosion-proof notch 111 will crack, thereby achieving pressure relief. Therefore, the battery shell of the present application can be set with a reasonable spacing A1 according to the actual pressure relief needs to achieve stable pressure relief.
  • the explosion-proof notch 111 is located on a side of the bottom plate 10 close to the enclosure 20. With this arrangement, the explosion-proof notch 111 is located inside the battery, which improves the overall aesthetics of the battery and prevents foreign matter from being trapped in the explosion-proof notch 111 during use, thereby affecting the battery's performance.
  • the explosion-proof notch 111 is located on the side of the bottom plate 10 away from the enclosure 20. In this configuration, the explosion-proof notch 111 is located outside the battery, which allows ample space for fabrication of the explosion-proof notch 111, thereby improving the manufacturing efficiency of the battery housing.
  • the ratio of the diameter D of the bottom plate 10 to the sum of the height h of the enclosure 20 and the thickness A2 of the bottom plate 10 is greater than or equal to 0.2 and less than or equal to 0.4. That is, 0.2 ⁇ D/(h + A2) ⁇ 0.4.
  • the sum of the height h of the enclosure 20 and the thickness A2 of the bottom plate 10 equals the height H of the battery case 100. In this case, 0.2 ⁇ D/H ⁇ 0.4.
  • the diameter D of the base plate 10 is adapted to the diameter of the core pack within the housing.
  • a larger core pack diameter increases its energy density, but also generates more heat during operation.
  • a higher height H of the battery housing 100 increases its heat dissipation area. Therefore, setting the base plate 10 diameter D to the battery housing 100 height H within the aforementioned ratio range helps ensure a good balance between the battery's energy density and heat dissipation capacity, resulting in excellent battery performance.
  • the ratio between the diameter D of the bottom plate 10 and the height H of the battery housing 100 may be 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, etc., which is not limited in the present application.
  • the ratio of the thickness A2 of the bottom plate 10 to the thickness A3 of the enclosure plate 20 is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2. That is, 1 ⁇ A2/A3 ⁇ 2.
  • This arrangement can ensure that the bottom plate 10 has a relatively large thickness, which is beneficial for the production of the explosion-proof notch 111 on the one hand, and can also ensure that the bottom plate 10 as a whole has good strength, thereby preventing it from being damaged during the battery strength safety test due to the production of the explosion-proof notch.
  • the ratio of the thickness A2 of the base plate 10 to the thickness A3 of the enclosure plate 20 may be 1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2, etc., which is not limited in this application.
  • the base plate 10 and the enclosure 20 are made of the same material. This helps improve the consistency and stability of the battery housing 100, allowing the battery housing 100 to withstand a certain degree of thermal expansion and contraction of the core pack inside, thereby ensuring the stability of the battery during use.
  • the base plate 10 and the enclosure plate 20 may be made of aluminum or steel.
  • the base plate 10 and the enclosure 20 may be made of Al 3003, Al 3004, nickel-plated SPCC steel, or stainless steel.
  • the battery housing 100 can have considerable strength, corrosion resistance, and machinability, which is beneficial for subsequent battery production.
  • the bottom plate 10 and the enclosure 20 are integrally formed. This improves the connection stability between the bottom plate 10 and the enclosure 20, thereby ensuring the overall strength of the battery housing 100, and also improves the sealing performance of the battery housing 100, thereby ensuring the operational stability of the core pack.
  • the manufacturing method of the battery housing 100 may include the following steps:
  • the metal strip coil is conveyed to the cup punching station, and the metal strip coil is extruded and deformed by a die of the cup punching station, and then cut to form a cup-shaped initial material.
  • step S50 transporting the quasi-shell after step S40 to a cutting station, and cutting the mouth of the quasi-shell to form a smooth opening.
  • the bottom plate 10 and the surrounding plate 20 can be integrally formed, and the explosion-proof notches can be produced, which can improve the production efficiency of the battery housing 100.
  • some embodiments of the present application further provide a battery, which includes the battery housing 100 described in any of the above embodiments.
  • the battery has the battery housing 100 , the battery has the technical effects possessed by the aforementioned battery housing 100 , which will not be described in detail here.
  • the battery further includes a core pack located within the battery housing 100 .
  • the core package may include a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, a separator, and a tab.
  • the core pack can be a wound type battery cell, referred to as a roll core.
  • the positive electrode sheet, the separator and the negative electrode sheet are stacked in sequence and then rolled together to form a roll core.
  • the core package may also be a laminated core or other battery cells familiar to those skilled in the art, and this application does not limit them.
  • some embodiments of the present application further provide a battery pack, which includes the battery described in any of the above embodiments.
  • the battery pack Since the battery has the battery housing 100 , the battery pack has the technical effects possessed by the battery housing 100 , which will not be described in detail here.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)

Abstract

一种电池壳体(100)、电池及电池包,电池壳体包括底板(10)和围板(20),围板(20)和底板(10)共同限定出具有开口(201)的容纳腔,开口(201)和底板(10)相对设置;底板(10)具有中心点,底板(10)上开设有防爆刻痕(111),防爆刻痕(111)具有距离中心点最近的内边缘(101)和距离中心点最远的外边缘(102),内边缘(101)与中心点之间的间距大于或等于底板的半径的1/2,且外边缘(102)与中心点之间的间距小于或等于底板的半径的4/5。

Description

电池壳体、电池及电池包
本申请要求在2024年4月8日提交中国专利局、申请号为202420713967.3的中国专利申请的优先权,以上申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域,具体涉及一种电池壳体、电池及电池包。
背景技术
电池在处于高温、过充电或短路等状态的情况下,其内部会产生大量的气体,从而会导致电池壳体内的气压急剧升高。为了防止电池发生爆炸,通常会在电池壳体上设置防爆刻痕,以通过防爆刻痕破裂而实现泄压排气。
发明概述
然而,电池壳体在防爆刻痕开设之后通常还需要安装芯包以及进行电池强度安全性能测试等。相关技术中,防爆刻痕往往容易导致提前发生破裂。例如,芯包在安装的过程中需要对电池壳体靠近中心的区域进行焊接,焊接过程中的热量容易影响周围材质强度,导致防爆刻痕在未达到预设内部压力的情况下而提前发生破裂。又例如,电池在后续的强度安全测试过程中,需要将电池从较高位置摔落,这也容易导致电池壳体在摔落后致使防爆刻痕发生破裂而无法继续使用。
第一方面,本申请实施例提供一种电池壳体,其包括底板以及围绕所述底板设置的围板;其中,所述围板和所述底板共同限定出具有开口的容纳腔,所述开口和所述底板相对设置;所述底板具有中心点,所述底板上开设有防爆刻痕,所述防爆刻痕具有距离所述中心点最近的内边缘和距离所述中心点最远的外边缘,所述内边缘与所述中心点之间的间距大于或等于所述底板的半径的1/2,且所述外边缘与所述中心点之间的间距小于或等于所述底板的半径的4/5。
第二方面,本申请实施例提供一种电池,该电池包括第一方面所述的电池壳体。
第三方面,本申请实施例提供一种电池包,该电池包包括第二方面所述的电池。
有益效果
对于本申请实施例提供的电池壳体,防爆刻痕设置在距离中心点至少1/2半径的位置,如此可以避免防爆刻痕所设置的位置距离中心点过近,从而避免底板在参与焊接的过程中焊接所产生的热量影响到防爆刻痕所设置的位置的材料的强度进而导致防爆刻痕容易提前发生破裂的问题。此外,防爆刻痕设置在距离中心点4/5半径的区域内,如此可以避免电池在后续的强度安全测试过程中,底板边缘发生较大碰撞而导致防爆刻痕发生破裂的问题。因此,本申请所提供的电池壳体可保障防爆刻痕的稳定性,进而保障电池的使用稳定性。
附图说明
图1是本申请的实施例提供的电池壳体在第一视角下的立体示意图;
图2是本申请的实施例提供的电池壳体在第二视角下的立体示意图;
图3是根据本申请一些实施例的底板的结构示意图;
图4A是根据本申请另一些实施例的底板的结构示意图;
图4B是根据本申请又一些实施例的底板的结构示意图;
图5是本申请的实施例提供的电池壳体的剖视结构图;
图6是图5中区域F的放大结构示意图。
附图标记说明:
10、底板;20、围板;100、电池壳体;101、内边缘;102、外边缘;111、防爆刻痕;201、开口;1001、子内边缘;1002、子外边缘;1110、防爆子刻痕。
本发明的实施方式
在本申请的描述中,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“相连”、“连接”、“固定”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或成一体;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请中,除非另有明确的规定和限定,第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触,也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且,第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方,第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正下方和斜下方,第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本实施例的描述中,术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“前”、“后”等方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,是为了便于描述和简化操作,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外,术语“第一”、“第二”用于在描述上加以区分,并没有特殊的含义。
电池壳体在防爆刻痕开设之后通常还需要安装芯包以及进行电池强度安全性能测试等。
相关技术中,芯包在安装的过程中需要对电池壳体靠近中心的区域进行焊接,焊接过程中的热量容易影响周围材质强度,导致防爆刻痕在未达到预设内部压力的情况下而提前发生破裂。此外,电池在后续的强度安全测试过程中,需要将电池从较高位置摔落,这也容易导致电池壳体在摔落后致使防爆刻痕发生破裂而无法继续使用。
基于此,本申请实施例提供一种电池壳体,如图1所示,电池壳体100包括底板10以及围绕底板10设置的围板20。
如图1和图2所示,围板20和底板10共同限定出具有开口201的容纳腔,开口201和底板10相对设置。围板20在围绕底板10之后,围板20的内表面合围形成一个两端开口的腔室,而底板10使得该腔室一端的开口封闭。因此,围板20的内表面以及底板10靠近围板20一侧的表面共同合围形成上述具有开口201的容纳腔。该容纳腔可以容纳芯包,而电池壳体100可以对芯包形成良好的保护,从而保障芯包的稳定工作。
如图1和图3所示,底板10具有中心点O,底板10上开设有防爆刻痕111,防爆刻痕111具有距离中心点O最近的内边缘101和距离中心点O最远的外边缘102。防爆刻痕111可以具有若干边缘,而在所有边缘中,内边缘101与中心点O之间的距离最小,外边缘102与中心点O之间的距离最大。
内边缘101与中心点O之间的间距L1大于或等于底板10的半径R的1/2,外边缘102与中心点O之间的间距L2小于或等于底板10的半径R的4/5。
通过上述设置,防爆刻痕111设置在距离中心点O至少1/2半径的位置,如此可以避免防爆刻痕111所设置的位置距离中心点O过近,从而避免底板10在参与焊接的过程中焊接所产生的热量影响到防爆刻痕111所设置的位置的材料强度进而导致防爆刻痕111容易提前发生破裂的问题。此外,防爆刻痕111设置在距离中心点4/5半径的区域内,如此可以避免电池在后续的强度安全测试过程中,底板10边缘发生较大碰撞而导致防爆刻痕111发生破裂的问题。因此,本申请所提供的电池壳体可保障防爆刻痕111的稳定性,进而保障电池的使用稳定性。
在一些示例中,内边缘101与中心点O之间的间距L1与底板10的半径R之间的比值可以大于或等于1/2,且小于或等于13/20。也即,1/2≤L1/R≤13/20。例如,该比值可以为1/2、3/5、4/7、5/8、5/9以及13/20等数值。
在一些示例中,外边缘102与中心点O之间的间距L2与底板10的半径R之间的比值可以大于13/20,且小于或等于4/5。也即,13/20<L2/R≤4/5。例如,该比值可以为2/3、3/4、4/5、5/7、7/9等数值,此处不再一一例举。
在一些实施例中,内边缘101与中心点O之间的间距L1大于或等于底板10的半径R的3/5,且外边缘102与中心点O之间的间距L2小于或等于底板10的半径R的7/10。
在此情况下,防爆刻痕111所开设的位置相较于底板10的边缘较远,从而可以避免电池在强度安全测试过程中由于底板10边缘发生较大碰撞而导致防爆刻痕111发生破裂的问题;同时,防爆刻痕111所开设的位置还相较于中心点O较远,从而可以避免底板10在参与焊接的过程中焊接所产生的热量影响到防爆刻痕111所设置位置的材料强度进而导致防爆刻痕111容易提前发生破裂的问题。
在一些实施例中,如图3所示,防爆刻痕111包括一个防爆子刻痕1110,防爆子刻痕1110距离中心点O最近的子内边缘1001作为上述内边缘101,且防爆子刻痕1110距离中心点O最远的子外边缘1002作为上述外边缘102。
在一些示例中,防爆子刻痕1110可以位于中心点O一侧且呈开放的形状,例如为“一”字形或者其他形状。在防爆子刻痕1110为“一”字形,且其延伸方向朝向中心点O时,防爆子刻痕1110在其延伸方向上的两端的边缘则分别作为上述内边缘101和外边缘102。
在另一些示例中,防爆子刻痕1110可以围绕中心点O且呈封闭的形状,例如,防爆子刻痕1110可以呈方形、圆形、椭圆形、心形等形状。在防爆子刻痕1110呈圆形且防爆子刻痕1110的圆心与中心点O重合时,防爆子刻痕1110位于相对两侧的边缘则分别作为上述内边缘101和外边缘102。在防爆子刻痕110为围绕中心点O的封闭形状时,这样有利于保障防爆刻痕111的连续性,在电池壳体内压力过大时,防爆刻痕111能够均匀裂开,从而可以实现对电池的顺利泄压。
在另一些实施例中,如图4A和图4B所示,防爆刻痕111包括多个相互间隔的防爆子刻痕1110。也即,任意两个防爆子刻痕1110之间不连续。每个防爆子刻痕1110均具有距离中心点O最近的子内边缘1001和距离中心点O最远的子外边缘1002,多个子内边缘1001中距离中心点O最近的子内边缘1001作为上述内边缘101,多个子外边缘1002中距离中心点O最远的子外边缘1002作为上述外边缘102。
在一些示例中,多个防爆子刻痕1110围绕中心点O设置。这样可使得多个防爆子刻痕1110分布位置相对均匀,从而能够有利于使得这部分防爆子刻痕1110能够一起发生破裂,进而保障防爆刻痕111的工作稳定性。
在一些示例中,对于所有防爆子刻痕1110,至少部分防爆子刻痕1110呈环形阵列排布。这样有利于提高防爆子刻痕1110位置设置的均匀性,从而有利于使得这部分防爆子刻痕1110能够一起发生破裂,进而保障防爆刻痕111的工作稳定性。
示例性的,如图4A所示,所有防爆子刻痕1110呈环形阵列排布。在此情况下,任意一个防爆子刻痕1110的子内边缘1001均可作为上述内边缘101,而任意一个防爆子刻痕1110的子外边缘1002均可作为上述外边缘102。
又示例性的,如图4B所示,部分防爆子刻痕1110呈环形阵列排布,另外部分防爆子刻痕1110位于前述部分防爆子刻痕1110相较于中心点O的外侧,并也呈环形阵列排布。也即,两部分防爆子刻痕1110均围绕中心点O且位于不同的圆环位置。在此情况下,相较于中心点O较近的防爆子刻痕1110的子内边缘1001可作为上述内边缘101,而相较于中心点O较远的防爆子刻痕1110的子外边缘1002均可作为上述外边缘102。
在一些示例中,多个防爆子刻痕1110也可以沿远离中心点O的方向间隔设置。
在一些示例中,防爆子刻痕1110的宽度可以为1mm。防爆子刻痕1110的宽度方向与防爆子刻痕1110的延伸方向垂直。在防爆刻痕111包括一个防爆子刻痕1110的情况下,防爆子刻痕1110的宽度也就是防爆刻痕111的宽度。
对防爆刻痕111的开设位置以及开阀压力(即防爆刻痕111开启时电池壳体内部的压力)进行了测试,其中,围板20的厚度为0.4mm,底板10的厚度为0.6mm,防爆刻痕111的槽底与底板10另一侧表面之间的间距为0.1mm,防爆刻痕111的宽度为1mm,底板10的直径为26mm;基于防爆刻痕111的内边缘101与中心点O之间的不同间距,得出表一和表二中的数据:
内边缘与中心点的间距 4.5mm 6mm 6.5mm 7.5mm 9mm
实验1 1.611Mpa 1.853Mpa 1.867Mpa 1.957Mpa 1.875Mpa
实验2 1.592Mpa 1.76Mpa 1.858Mpa 1.886Mpa 1.895Mpa
实验3 1.69Mpa 1.937Mpa 1.934Mpa 1.866Mpa 1.827Mpa
实验4 1.527Mpa 1.852Mpa 1.886Mpa 1.884Mpa 2.013Mpa
实验5 1.62Mpa 1.695Mpa 1.893Mpa 1.864Mpa 1.851Mpa
平均值 1.608Mpa 1.81Mpa 1.887Mpa 1.891Mpa 1.892Mpa
表一
由表一中的数据可以看出,当防爆刻痕111的内边缘101与中心点O之间的间距L1从4.5mm增加到6.5mm(即该间距L1与底板10的半径R之间的比值由9/26增加到1/2)时,开阀压力增大的幅度较大。这说明防爆刻痕111的内边缘101设置在该区域范围内时,底板10在参与焊接的过程中焊接所产生的热量对防爆刻痕111的影响较大,因此开阀压力变化较大。
内边缘101与中心点O之间的间距L1从6.5mm增加到9mm(即该间距L1与底板10的半径R之间的比值由1/2增加到9/13)时,开阀压力的变化趋势十分平缓。这说明防爆刻痕111的内边缘101设置在该区域范围内时,底板10在参与焊接的过程中焊接所产生的热量对防爆刻痕111的影响较小,因此开阀压力变化较小。
外边缘与中心点的间距 6.5mm 7.5mm 9mm 10.4mm 11.5mm
实验1 1.791Mpa 1.983Mpa 1.931Mpa 2.02Mpa 1.701Mpa
实验2 1.893Mpa 1.868Mpa 1.857Mpa 1.834Mpa 1.547Mpa
实验3 1.797Mpa 1.811Mpa 1.988Mpa 1.843Mpa 1.612Mpa
实验4 1.902Mpa 1.896Mpa 1.807Mpa 1.84Mpa 1.599Mpa
实验5 2.025Mpa 1.938Mpa 1.895Mpa 1.966Mpa 1.568Mpa
平均值 1.887Mpa 1.899Mpa 1.895Mpa 1.901Mpa 1.605Mpa
表二
由表二中的数据可以看出,当防爆刻痕111的外边缘102与中心点O之间的间距L2从6.5mm增加到10.4mm(即该间距L2与底板10的半径R之间的比值由1/2增加到4/5)时,开阀压力的变化趋势十分平缓。这说明防爆刻痕111的外边缘102设置在该区域范围内时,电池在后续的强度安全测试过程中,底板10边缘发生的碰撞对防爆刻痕111影响较小,因此开阀压力变化较小。
外边缘102与中心点O之间的间距L2从10.4mm增加到11.5mm(即该间距L1与底板10的半径R之间的比值由4/5增加到23/26)时,开阀压力减小的幅度较大。这说明防爆刻痕111的外边缘102设置在该区域范围内时,电池在后续的强度安全测试过程中,底板10边缘发生的碰撞对防爆刻痕111影响较大,因此开阀压力变化较大。
因此,对于防爆刻痕111,当内边缘101与中心点O之间的间距L1大于或等于底板10的半径R的1/2,且外边缘102与中心点O之间的间距L2小于或等于底板10的半径R的4/5时,防爆刻痕111具有较为稳定的开阀压力,进而有利于保障电池的使用稳定性。
在一些实施例中,如图5和图6所示,防爆刻痕111位于底板10的一侧表面,防爆刻痕111具有槽底,槽底与底板10的另一侧表面之间的间距A1大于或等于0.03mm且小于或等于0.2mm。
这样设置,有利于防爆刻痕111位置处的断裂,从而顺利实现排气泄压。
示例性的,电池通常的泄压力位于1.2Mpa至2.5Mpa之间,将间距A1设置在上述范围内,有利于在上述泄压力范围内实现泄压。例如,当间距A1等于0.03mm时,电池的泄压力大致对应与1.2Mpa。也就是说,当电池内部的压力大于或等于1.2Mpa时,防爆刻痕111即会出现开裂,从而实现泄压。当间距A1等于0.2mm时,电池的泄压力大致对应与2.5Mpa。也就是说,当电池内部的压力大于或等于2.5Mpa时,防爆刻痕111即会出现开裂,从而实现泄压。因此,本申请的电池壳体可以根据实际的泄压力需要,从而设置合理的间距A1,以实现稳定的泄压。
在一些实施例中,防爆刻痕111位于底板10靠近围板20的一侧。如此设置,防爆刻痕111则位于电池的内部,这样有利于提高电池整体的美观度,同时也利于避免电池在使用过程中,防爆刻痕111内容易夹杂异物而影响其工作性能。
在一些实施例中,如图5和图6所示,防爆刻痕111位于底板10远离围板20的一侧。如此设置,防爆刻痕111则位于电池的外部,这样使得防爆刻痕111具有充足的空间进行制作,从而有利于提高电池壳体的制作效率。
在一些实施例中,如图5所示,底板10的直径D与围板20的高度h和底板10的厚度A2之和的比值大于或等于0.2且小于或等于0.4。也即,0.2≤D/(h+A2)≤0.4。其中,围板20的高度h和底板10的厚度A2之和为电池壳体100的高度H,在此情况下,0.2≤D/H≤0.4。
底板10的直径D适应于位于容纳腔中芯包的直径,芯包的直径越大,其能量密度越大,然而其工作时产生的热量也越大。此外,电池壳体100的高度H越高,其散热面积越大。因此,将底板10的直径D与电池壳体100的高度H设置在上述比值范围内,有利于保障电池的能量密度与散热能力形成良好的平衡,从而使得电池具有良好的工作性能。
在一些示例中,底板10的直径D与电池壳体100的高度H之间的比值可以为0.2、0.25、0.3、0.35、0.4等,本申请对其不做限制。
在一些实施例中,如图5所示,底板10的厚度A2与围板20的厚度A3的比值大于或等于1且小于或等于2。也即,1≤A2/A3≤2。
这样设置,可以保障底板10具有相对较大的厚度,一方面利于防爆刻痕111的制作,另一方面还能保障底板10整体具有较好的强度,避免其因为防爆刻痕的制作导致在电池的强度安全测试过程中损坏。
在一些示例中,底板10的厚度A2与围板20的厚度A3的比值可以为1、1.2、1.4、1.6、1.8、2等,本申请不做限制。
在一些实施例中,底板10和围板20的材料相同。这样有利于提高电池壳体100的一致性和稳定性,从而使得电池壳体100能够承受内部的芯包一定强度的热胀冷缩,进而保障电池的使用稳定性。
在一些示例中,底板10和围板20的材料可以采用铝或者钢。
示例性的,底板10和围板20的材料可以采用Al 3003、Al 3004、镀镍SPCC钢、或者不锈钢。通过采用上述材料,可以使得电池壳体100具有相当的强度、抗腐蚀性能以及可加工性能,这样有利于后续电池的制作。
在一些实施例中,底板10和围板20一体成型设置。这样一方面能够提高底板10和围板20之间的连接稳定性,从而保障电池壳体100整体的强度,另一方面还能够提高电池壳体100的密封性能,从而保障芯包的工作稳定性。
在上述电池壳体100具体的制造过程中,电池壳体100的制造方法可以包括以下步骤:
S10:将金属带卷料输送到冲杯工位,通过冲杯工位的模具对金属带卷料进行挤压变形,之后将其切断,从而形成杯状初始物料。
S20:将杯状初始物料输送到拉伸工位,通过上下模连续拉伸,使得杯状初始物料形成规定尺寸的壳胚。
S30:将壳胚输送到刻线工位,通过上下模挤压,在底板靠近围板的一侧或者在底板远离围板的一侧形成防爆刻痕,以使得壳胚形成准壳体。
S40:将准壳体输送至拍平工位,通过上下模挤压,对底板进行压平。如此可以保证准壳体所形成的产品尺寸均一和平整。
S50:将经过步骤S40的准壳体输送至切割工位,对准壳体的口部进行切割,形成平整的开口。
采用上述制造方法,可以实现底板10和围板20的一体成型,以及防爆刻痕的制作,这样可以提升电池壳体100的生产效率。
基于上述构思,本申请一些实施例还提供一种电池,该电池包括上述任一实施例所述的电池壳体100。
由于具有电池壳体100,因此,该电池具有上述电池壳体100所具备的技术效果,此处不再进行赘述。
在一些实施例中,该电池还包括位于电池壳体100内的芯包。
在一些示例中,芯包可以包括正极片、负极片、隔膜以及极耳等。
例如,芯包可以为卷绕型电芯,简称卷芯。在制造过程中,正极片、隔膜和负极片依次层叠设置,然后一起卷绕形成卷芯。
又例如,芯包还可以为叠片型卷芯或者其他本领域技术人员所熟悉的电芯,本申请对其不做限制。
基于上述构思,本申请一些实施例还提供一种电池包,该电池包包括上述任一实施例所述的电池。
由于电池具有电池壳体100,因此,该电池包具有上述电池壳体100所具备的技术效果,此处不再进行赘述。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电池壳体,包括:
    底板;以及
    围绕所述底板设置的围板;
    其中,所述围板和所述底板共同限定出具有开口的容纳腔,所述开口和所述底板相对设置;所述底板具有中心点,所述底板上开设有防爆刻痕,所述防爆刻痕具有距离所述中心点最近的内边缘和距离所述中心点最远的外边缘,所述内边缘与所述中心点之间的间距大于或等于所述底板的半径的1/2,且所述外边缘与所述中心点之间的间距小于或等于所述底板的半径的4/5。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池壳体,其中,所述防爆刻痕包括一个防爆子刻痕,所述防爆子刻痕距离所述中心点最近的子内边缘作为所述内边缘,且所述防爆子刻痕距离所述中心点最远的子外边缘作为所述外边缘;或者,
    所述防爆刻痕包括多个相互间隔的防爆子刻痕,每个防爆子刻痕具有距离所述中心点最近的子内边缘和距离所述中心点最远的子外边缘,多个所述子内边缘中距离所述中心点最近的所述子内边缘作为所述内边缘,多个所述子外边缘中距离所述中心点最远的所述子外边缘作为所述外边缘。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池壳体,其中,在所述防爆刻痕包括多个相互间隔的防爆子刻痕的情况下,多个所述防爆子刻痕围绕所述中心点设置。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电池壳体,其中,所述防爆刻痕位于所述底板的一侧表面,所述防爆刻痕具有槽底,所述槽底与所述底板的另一侧表面之间的间距大于或等于0.03mm且小于或等于0.2mm。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池壳体,其中,所述防爆刻痕位于所述底板靠近所述围板的一侧,或者,所述防爆刻痕位于所述底板背离所述围板的一侧。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的电池壳体,其中,所述底板的直径与所述围板的高度和所述底板的厚度之和的比值大于或等于0.2且小于或等于0.4。
  7. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的电池壳体,其中,所述底板的厚度与所述围板的厚度的比值大于或等于1且小于或等于2。
  8. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的电池壳体,其中,所述底板和所述围板的材料相同。
  9. 一种电池,包括:如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的电池壳体。
  10. 一种电池包,包括:如权利要求9所述的电池。
PCT/CN2024/109002 2024-04-08 2024-07-31 电池壳体、电池及电池包 Pending WO2025213637A1 (zh)

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CN210576161U (zh) * 2019-09-20 2020-05-19 深圳市比克动力电池有限公司 一种具有高安全性能的锂离子电池及电池模组
CN215816251U (zh) * 2021-09-10 2022-02-11 厦门海辰新能源科技有限公司 用于电池的防爆阀、电池以及储能装置
CN115275314A (zh) * 2022-09-09 2022-11-01 湖北亿纬动力有限公司 电池
CN220439810U (zh) * 2023-07-25 2024-02-02 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司 电池
JP7538934B1 (ja) * 2023-09-01 2024-08-22 晶科▲儲▼能科技有限公司 セルトップカバーの防爆バルブ及びセルトップカバー

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CN210576161U (zh) * 2019-09-20 2020-05-19 深圳市比克动力电池有限公司 一种具有高安全性能的锂离子电池及电池模组
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