WO2025209482A1 - 一种连接子、抗体药物偶联物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种连接子、抗体药物偶联物及其制备方法

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Publication number
WO2025209482A1
WO2025209482A1 PCT/CN2025/086645 CN2025086645W WO2025209482A1 WO 2025209482 A1 WO2025209482 A1 WO 2025209482A1 CN 2025086645 W CN2025086645 W CN 2025086645W WO 2025209482 A1 WO2025209482 A1 WO 2025209482A1
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Prior art keywords
antibody
group
compound
drug
drug conjugate
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PCT/CN2025/086645
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
余科
王悦
刘亮
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Fudan University
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Fudan University
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Priority claimed from CN202410403435.4A external-priority patent/CN120774988A/zh
Application filed by Fudan University filed Critical Fudan University
Priority to EP25781875.7A priority Critical patent/EP4732851A1/en
Priority to AU2025251805A priority patent/AU2025251805A1/en
Priority to CN202580000932.2A priority patent/CN121079107A/zh
Publication of WO2025209482A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025209482A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/32Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against translation products of oncogenes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/41641,3-Diazoles
    • A61K31/41841,3-Diazoles condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. benzimidazoles
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/36Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against blood coagulation factors
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/20Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin
    • C07K2317/24Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin containing regions, domains or residues from different species, e.g. chimeric, humanized or veneered
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/50Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
    • C07K2317/56Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments variable (Fv) region, i.e. VH and/or VL
    • C07K2317/569Single domain, e.g. dAb, sdAb, VHH, VNAR or nanobody®
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/90Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by (pharmaco)kinetic aspects or by stability of the immunoglobulin
    • C07K2317/92Affinity (KD), association rate (Ka), dissociation rate (Kd) or EC50 value
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/90Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by (pharmaco)kinetic aspects or by stability of the immunoglobulin
    • C07K2317/94Stability, e.g. half-life, pH, temperature or enzyme-resistance

Definitions

  • ADCs Antibody-drug conjugates leverage the ability of monoclonal antibodies to specifically recognize specific antigens on the surface of tumor cells, enabling the precise delivery and release of anti-tumor drugs (such as small molecule chemotherapy drugs) to target tumor cells, achieving precise tumor killing.
  • ADCs are considered the most promising anti-tumor drugs due to their optimal molecular weight, high stability, strong targeting, and minimal toxic side effects.
  • the successful development of ADCs presents numerous challenges that must be considered and addressed.
  • ADCs can become unstable and aggregate and settle. Furthermore, excessive lipophilicity can lead to rapid metabolic elimination in metabolic organs such as the liver, resulting in poor PK properties. Therefore, it is necessary to explore how to optimize the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of ADCs while ensuring high drug loading, based on the structure of the linker.
  • PK pharmacokinetic
  • X is a linking group
  • P1 is a polypeptide residue
  • P2 is a chemical bond or an AA-PAB structure; wherein AA is a dipeptide, tripeptide, or tetrapeptide fragment (i.e., a fragment formed by 2-4 amino acids connected by peptide bonds), and PAB is p-aminobenzylcarbamoyl;
  • the glucose group includes its precursor or derivative.
  • Y is 4-50, preferably 5-30, and more preferably 6-25.
  • Y is ⁇ 5, preferably ⁇ 8.
  • the Z1 further comprises an amino group.
  • the structure of Z1 is selected from the following group:
  • A represents an optionally substituted C3-C8 alkylene, C3-C8 alkenyl, C3-C8 alkynyl, C3-C6 cycloalkenyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, or an optionally substituted diethylene glycol to octaethylene glycol acyl group
  • Ar represents an optionally substituted C5-6 aryl or heteroaryl group
  • the optional substitution refers to substitution at any available attachment point of the aryl group.
  • the P1 is selected from the following group:
  • 1 and 2 represent connection sites respectively; for example, 1 is the site connected to the upper half of Formula A, and 2 is the site connected to the lower half of Formula A.
  • D is a cytotoxic small molecule drug selected from the following group: STING agonists, KRAS-G12D inhibitors, tubulin inhibitors, topoisomerase inhibitors, and DNA binders.
  • the STING agonist is selected from the following group: diABZI analogs.
  • the microtubule protein inhibitor is selected from the following group: maytansine derivatives, monomethyl auristatin-E (MMAE), monomethyl auristatin-F (MMAF), Monomethyl Dolastatin 10 (MMAD), Tubulysin derivatives, Cryptophycin derivatives, Taltobulin; preferably MMAE or MMAF.
  • the topoisomerase inhibitor is selected from the following group: SN38, DXd, doxorubicin metabolite PNU-159682 derivatives, exatecan (DX8951), irinotecan (CPT-11) metabolite SN38 derivatives; preferably, it is a topoisomerase 1 (Topo1) inhibitor, such as SN38, DXd or exatecan.
  • Topo1 topoisomerase 1
  • the DNA binding agent is selected from the following group: PBD derivatives and duocarmycin derivatives.
  • the structure of formula A is selected from the following group:
  • an antibody-drug conjugate is provided.
  • the antibody-drug conjugate is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) formed by coupling the compound of formula A according to the first aspect of the present invention with an antibody.
  • the conjugate is as shown in Formula B:
  • L is a linker
  • the antibody includes an antigen-binding fragment, a nanobody, a chimeric antibody, a bivalent antibody, and/or a multivalent antibody.
  • the antibody is an animal-derived antibody, a humanized antibody, a chimeric antibody or a chimeric antigen receptor antibody (CAR).
  • CAR chimeric antigen receptor antibody
  • the CDR region of the humanized antibody comprises 1, 2, or 3 amino acid changes.
  • the animal is a non-human mammal, preferably a mouse, sheep, rabbit, or camel.
  • the antibody is a double-chain antibody or a single-chain antibody.
  • the antibody is a nanobody or a monoclonal antibody.
  • the antibody is a partially or fully humanized monoclonal antibody.
  • the antibody or nanobody or its fusion protein targets a target selected from the following group: TF, EGFR, HER2, HER3, BCMA, B7-H3, CD73, AXL, DLL3, CD38, CD123, CD19, CD20, CD22, B7-H6, GPC3, PMSA, CD28, 4-1BB, OX40, CD40, CD27, CD3, CTLA4, PD1, PDL1, BCMA, Trop2, TIGIT, LAG-3, TLR7, or a combination thereof.
  • the antigen-binding fragment includes: (i) Fab fragment; (ii) F(ab')2 fragment; (iii) Fd fragment; (iv) Fv fragment; (v) single-chain Fv (scFv) molecule; and (vi) dAb fragment.
  • the antibody is an antibody or nanobody targeting TF and/or HER2 (anti-TF and/or HER2 antibody, anti-TF and/or HER2 nanobody or a fusion protein thereof).
  • the antigen-binding fragment of the TF-targeting nanoantibody has CDR1 as shown in SEQ ID NO.1, CDR2 as shown in SEQ ID NO.2, and CDR3 as shown in SEQ ID NO.3.
  • the TF-targeting nanoantibody has a heavy chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO.4.
  • the antibody-drug conjugate ADC is a monomer, dimer or multimer.
  • the antibody includes a functional domain that can improve the physicochemical properties or druggability of the protein, such as an Fc segment, an anti-albumin nanobody (HLE), or an albumin binding domain (ABD).
  • a functional domain that can improve the physicochemical properties or druggability of the protein, such as an Fc segment, an anti-albumin nanobody (HLE), or an albumin binding domain (ABD).
  • the HER2-targeting nanoantibody includes an Fc segment, and preferably, the HER2-targeting nanoantibody is as shown in any one of SEQ ID NO.7-9.
  • Figure 9 shows the in vitro antitumor activity of the humanized antibody 4A02-HM8 (FD40)-Topo1 inhibitor conjugate.
  • FD40-LP1-D4, FD40-LP5-D4, and FD40-LP6-D4 demonstrate in vitro proliferation activity against TF-negative breast cancer MDA-453, TF-highly expressing pancreatic cancer HPAF-II and BxPC3, lung cancer NCI-H1373, and triple-negative breast cancer MDA-231 and HCC1806 cells. Dose-effect curves and a summary of IC50 values are shown.
  • Figure 11 shows the therapeutic efficacy of FD40-LP1-D4, FD40-LP5-D4, and FD40-LP6-D4 against a nude mouse model of HPAF-II pancreatic cancer xenografts. Seven days after cell inoculation, when tumors had grown to ⁇ 150 mm3 , tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into groups and given a single intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg TF-NDC.
  • Figure 12 shows the therapeutic efficacy of FD40-GGFG-Dxd (10 mg/kg) and FD40-LP5-D4 (10 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, and 2.5 mg/kg) against a nude mouse model of HPAF-II pancreatic cancer xenografts.
  • Figure 13 shows the therapeutic efficacy of FD40-LP5-D4 (10 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, and 2.5 mg/kg) in a nude mouse model of triple-negative breast cancer HCC1806 xenografts.
  • FD40-LP5-D4 10 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, and 2.5 mg/kg
  • Figure 14 shows the in vitro antitumor activity of HER2-NDCs 1-G07-LP5, 1-G07-GGFG-Dxd, and T-Dxd.
  • Figure 14A shows the antiproliferative activity of the drugs against gastric cancer NCI-N87 cells.
  • Figure 14B shows the antiproliferative activity of the drugs against breast cancer HCC1954 cells. Dose-effect curves and IC50 values are shown.
  • Figure 15 shows the therapeutic efficacy of HER2-NDC 1-G07-LP5 and T-Dxd against the NCI-N87 nude mouse xenograft tumor model.
  • tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided and treated with 5 mg/kg of T-Dxd once weekly for a total of two doses.
  • Figure 16 shows the therapeutic efficacy of HER2-NDC 1-G07-LP5 and T-Dxd in the NCI-N87-Luc intracranial tumor model.
  • Figure 17 shows the therapeutic efficacy of TF-NDC FD40-LP5-D4 in the HCC1806-Luc intracranial tumor model. Seven days after intracranial inoculation, tumor growth was monitored using in vivo imaging. Patients were then divided into groups and intravenously administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg for a total of one dose.
  • Figure 18 shows the pharmacokinetic experimental results of HER2-NDC 1-G07-LP5 and 1-G07-GGFG-Dxd after intravenous administration in mice, with a dose of 1 mg/kg.
  • Figure 21 shows the drug analysis results of gram-scale batches of conjugates scaled up by FD40-LP5.
  • Figure 22 shows the weight change results of the FD40-LP5 exploratory safety assessment study in cynomolgus monkeys.
  • Figure 23 shows the coagulation index test results of the FD40-LP5 exploratory safety assessment study in crab-eating monkeys.
  • Figure 24 shows the blood biochemical index test results of the FD40-LP5 exploratory safety assessment study in crab-eating monkeys.
  • Figure 26 shows the pharmacokinetic (TK) test results of the exploratory safety assessment study of FD40-GGFG-Dxd and FD40-LP5 in cynomolgus monkeys.
  • Antibody-drug conjugates constructed using this linker exhibit significant tumor-suppressive effects against cell lines derived from various cancers or tumors, and are superior to positive controls. This demonstrates that the antibody-drug conjugates of this invention can be used as therapeutic agents for a variety of solid tumors and hematological tumors, and for the treatment of tumors or cancers. This is the basis for the completion of the present invention.
  • the terms “comprising” or “including” may be open, semi-closed, and closed. In other words, the terms also encompass “consisting essentially of” or “consisting of.” Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the specification and claims, the words “comprising,” “having,” “including,” and the like should be understood to have an inclusive meaning, rather than an exclusive or exhaustive meaning; that is, to mean “including, but not limited to.” Unless otherwise specified, “comprising” includes “consisting of.”
  • Non-limiting examples of the polycyclic aromatic group include: naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, etc.
  • the polycyclic aromatic group also includes a phenyl group fused with one or more heterocyclic groups or cycloalkyl groups, or a naphthyl group fused with one or more heterocyclic groups or cycloalkyl groups, wherein the connection point is on the phenyl group or naphthyl group, and in this case, the number of ring atoms continues to represent the number of ring atoms in the polycyclic aromatic ring system, non-limiting examples include:
  • the aryl group may be substituted or unsubstituted. When substituted, it may be substituted at any available point of attachment, and the substituents are preferably selected from one or more of a D atom, a halogen, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a haloalkyl group, a haloalkoxy group, a cycloalkyloxy group, a heterocyclyloxy group, a hydroxyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group, an oxo group, a cyano group, an amino group, a nitro group, a cycloalkyl group, a heterocyclyl group, an aryl group, and a heteroaryl group.
  • heteroaryl refers to a monocyclic heteroaromatic ring (i.e., a monocyclic heteroaryl) or a polycyclic heteroaromatic ring system (i.e., a polycyclic heteroaryl) having a conjugated ⁇ electron system, which contains at least one (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4) heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur (the nitrogen may be optionally oxidized, i.e., to form a nitrogen oxide; the sulfur may be optionally oxidized, i.e., to form a sulfoxide or sulfone, but excluding -O-O-, -O-S-, or -S-S-), and has 5 to 14 (e.g., 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, or 14) ring atoms (i.e., a 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl).
  • a monocyclic heteroaromatic ring i.e., a monocyclic heteroaryl
  • the heteroaryl is preferably a heteroaryl having 5 to 10 ring atoms (i.e., a 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl), more preferably a heteroaryl having 5 or 6 ring atoms (i.e., a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl).
  • cycloalkyloxy refers to a cycloalkyl-O- group, wherein the cycloalkyl group is as defined above.
  • heterocyclyloxy refers to a heterocyclyl-O- group, wherein the heterocyclyl group is as defined above.
  • aryloxy refers to an aryl-O- group, wherein the aryl group is as defined above.
  • heteroaryloxy refers to a heteroaryl-O- group, wherein the heteroaryl group is as defined above.
  • alkylthio refers to an alkyl-S- group, wherein the alkyl group is as defined above.
  • hydroxyalkyl refers to an alkyl group substituted with one or more hydroxy groups, wherein alkyl is as defined above.
  • halogen refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine.
  • hydroxy refers to -OH.
  • amino refers to -NH2 .
  • cyano refers to -CN.
  • DIEA N-ethyldiisopropylamine
  • DMF N,N-dimethylformamide
  • HOBt O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate is abbreviated as HATU.
  • 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole is abbreviated as HOBt.
  • Substituted means that one or more hydrogen atoms, preferably 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 3 hydrogen atoms, in a group are independently replaced by a corresponding number of substituents. Those skilled in the art will be able to determine (by experiment or theory) whether substitution is possible or not without undue effort. For example, an amino or hydroxyl group with free hydrogen may be unstable when combined with a carbon atom with an unsaturated (e.g., olefinic) bond.
  • amino acid residue refers to the group formed by removing one H from the N-terminal -NH2 of an amino acid and removing the -OH from the C-terminal -COOH.
  • segment of an amino acid (residue) including the N-terminus and the C-terminus is called the main chain, and the portion that determines the specific type of amino acid is called the side chain.
  • an amino acid residue is represented by -NH-CH(R)-CO-, where R is a side chain (amino acid side chain).
  • amino acids include natural amino acids or non-natural amino acids, including D-type and/or L-type amino acids.
  • amino acids include, but are not limited to, Ala (A), Arg (R), Asn (N), Asp (D), Cys (C), Gln (Q), Glu (E), Gly (G), His (H), Ile (I), Leu (L), Lys (K), Met (M), Phe (F), Pro (P), Ser (S), Thr (T), Trp (W), Tyr (Y), Val (V).
  • the amino acid is an amino acid selected from the following group: L-glycine (L-Gly), L-alanine (L-Ala), ⁇ -alanine ( ⁇ -Ala), L-glutamic acid (L-Glu), L-aspartic acid (L-Asp), L-histidine (L-His), L-arginine (L-Arg), L-lysine (L-Lys), L-valine (L-Val), L-serine (L-Ser), L-threonine (L-Thr); in addition, when the amino acid has two or more amino groups and/or two or more carboxyl groups, the term also includes groups formed by removing one H from -NH2 and -COOH that are not on the same carbon atom, for example, the divalent group -C(O)-( CH2 ) 2 -C(COOH)-NH- formed by removing one H from -NH2 and non- ⁇ -position -COOH of glutamic acid.
  • L-Gly
  • the term "pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to a salt of a compound of the present invention formed with an acid or base that is suitable for pharmaceutical use.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include inorganic salts and organic salts.
  • a preferred class of salts are salts formed with a compound of the present invention and an acid.
  • subscript p is a value selected from 1-10, preferably 1 to 8.
  • drug refers generally to any compound having a desired biological activity and a reactive functional group for preparing the conjugates of the present invention.
  • the desired biological activity includes diagnosing, curing, alleviating, treating, or preventing a disease in humans or other animals. Therefore, as long as the necessary reactive functional groups are present, the term “drug” refers to compounds including those identified in official national pharmacopeias, as well as, for example, the official U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia, the official National Formulary, or any supplements thereof. Typical drugs are listed in the Physician's Desk Reference (PDR) and the Orange Book of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). It should be understood that as new drugs are continuously discovered and developed, these drugs should also be included in the "drug" of the conjugates of the present invention.
  • PDR Physician's Desk Reference
  • FDA Orange Book of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
  • cytotoxic agent refers to a substance that inhibits or prevents the expression activity, function of a cell, and/or causes cell destruction.
  • the term includes radioisotopes, chemotherapeutic agents, and toxins, such as small molecule toxins or enzymatically active toxins of bacterial, fungal, plant, or animal origin, including fragments and/or variants thereof.
  • cytotoxic agents include, but are not limited to, auristatins (e.g., auristatin E, auristatin F, MMAE, and MMAF), chlortetracycline, maytansinoids, ricin, ricin A-chain, combretastatin, duocarmycin, dolastatin, adriamycin, daunorubicin, paclitaxel, cisplatin, cc1065, ethidium bromide, mitomycin, etoposide, tenoposide, vincristine, vinblastine, colchicine, dihydroxy anthracin dione, actinomycin, diphtheria toxin, Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) A, PE40, abrin, abrin A chain, modeccin A chain, alpha -sarcin, gelonin, mitogellin, retstrictocin, phenomycin, enomycin,
  • Preferred small molecule drugs are compounds with high cytotoxicity, preferably monomethyl auristatin, calicheamicin, maytansine, or a combination thereof; more preferably selected from: monomethyl auristatin-E (MMAE), monomethyl auristatin-D (MMAD), monomethyl auristatin-F (MMAF), or a combination thereof.
  • MMAE monomethyl auristatin-E
  • MMAD monomethyl auristatin-D
  • MMAF monomethyl auristatin-F
  • Auriculariaxin peptide drug is auriculariaxin peptide drug.
  • Auriculariaxin peptide drugs are analogs of Dolastatin 10, which is a biologically active polypeptide isolated from the marine mollusk Aplysia. Dolastatin 10 inhibits tubulin polymerization by binding to tubulin (the same binding region as vincristine).
  • Dolastatin 10, auriculariaxin peptide PE, and auriculariaxin peptide E are all linear polypeptides containing four amino acids (three of which are unique to Dolastatin compounds) and a C-terminal amide group.
  • PNU-159682 is the major active metabolite of Nemorubicin in human liver microsomes, and its activity is 3000 times higher than that of MMDX and doxorubicin.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing an ADC, which may further comprise: combining an antibody with a drug-linker compound (or a drug-linker compound (LD), such as LD-1 to LD-17 shown in the present invention) under conditions sufficient to form an antibody conjugate (ADC).
  • a drug-linker compound or a drug-linker compound (LD), such as LD-1 to LD-17 shown in the present invention
  • the methods of the present invention comprise conjugating an antibody to a linker compound under conditions sufficient to form an antibody-linker conjugate. In these embodiments, the methods of the present invention further comprise conjugating the antibody-linker conjugate to a drug moiety under conditions sufficient to covalently attach the drug moiety to the antibody via the linker.
  • Drug loading also known as the drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) is the average number of drugs conjugated to each antibody in the ADC. It can be, for example, in the range of about 1 to about 10 drugs conjugated to each antibody, and in certain embodiments, in the range of about 1 to about 8 drugs conjugated to each antibody, preferably in the range of 2-8, 2-7, 2-6, 2-5, 2-4, 3-4, 3-5, 5-6, 5-7, 5-8, and 6-8. Exemplarily, the drug loading can be an average of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10.
  • the ADC formula disclosed herein includes a collection of antibody drug conjugates within the aforementioned range. In embodiments of the present disclosure, the drug loading can be expressed as n, which is a decimal or integer. Drug loading can be determined by conventional methods such as UV/visible spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, ELISA assays, and HPLC.
  • the cytotoxic drug is coupled to the antibody via a linker unit.
  • the antibody-drug conjugates provided by the present invention can target specific cell populations and bind to specific cell surface proteins (antigens), thereby releasing the drug into the cell in an active form through endocytosis of the conjugate or drug penetration, the antibody-drug conjugates of the present invention can be used to treat target diseases.
  • the above-mentioned antibody-drug conjugates can be administered to a subject (e.g., a human) in a therapeutically effective amount through an appropriate route.
  • the subject in need of treatment can be a patient who is at risk or suspected of having a condition related to the activity or expression of a specific antigen. Such patients can be identified through routine physical examinations.
  • parenteral comprises subcutaneous, intradermal, intravenous, intramuscular, intraarticular, intraarterial, intrasynovial, intrasternal, intrathecal, intralesional and intracranial injection or infusion technology.
  • injectable depot approach for example, using 1-, 3-, or 6-month depot injectable or biodegradable material and method theme.
  • Injectable compositions may contain various carriers such as vegetable oils, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, ethyl lactate, ethyl carbonate, isopropyl myristate, ethanol, polyols (glycerol, propylene glycol, liquid polyethylene glycol, etc.).
  • water-soluble antibodies may be administered by drip infusion of a pharmaceutical formulation containing the antibody and a physiologically acceptable excipient.
  • Physiologically acceptable excipients may include, for example, 5% glucose, 0.9% saline, Ringer's solution or other suitable excipients.
  • a sterile preparation of a suitable soluble salt form of the antibody may be dissolved and administered in a pharmaceutical excipient such as water for injection, 0.9% saline, or 5% glucose solution.
  • delivery can be performed by conventional methods in the art. For example, it can be introduced into cells using liposomes, hydrogels, cyclodextrins, biodegradable nanocapsules, or bioadhesive microspheres.
  • the nucleic acid or vector can be delivered locally by direct injection or by using an infusion pump.
  • Other methods include various transport and carrier systems using conjugates and biodegradable polymers.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention contain a safe and effective amount of the antibody-drug conjugate of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier include (but are not limited to): saline, buffer, glucose, water, glycerol, ethanol, and combinations thereof.
  • pharmaceutical formulations should be compatible with the mode of administration.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention can be prepared in the form of solutions, for example, using physiological saline or aqueous solutions containing glucose and other adjuvants by conventional methods.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions are preferably manufactured under sterile conditions.
  • the active ingredient is administered in a therapeutically effective amount.
  • the effective amount of the antibody-drug conjugate of the present invention may vary depending on the mode of administration and the severity of the disease to be treated.
  • the selection of the preferred effective amount can be determined by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on various factors (e.g., through clinical trials).
  • the factors include, but are not limited to: pharmacokinetic parameters of the antibody conjugate such as bioavailability, metabolism, half-life, etc.; the severity of the disease to be treated, the patient's weight, the patient's immune status, the route of administration, etc.
  • pharmacokinetic parameters of the antibody conjugate such as bioavailability, metabolism, half-life, etc.
  • the severity of the disease to be treated the patient's weight, the patient's immune status, the route of administration, etc.
  • the antibody-drug conjugate of the present invention is administered at a dose of about 0.0001 mg-50 mg/kg animal body weight (preferably 0.001 mg-10 mg/kg animal body weight) per day, satisfactory results can be obtained. For example, depending on
  • Dosage forms for topical administration of the compounds of this invention include ointments, powders, patches, sprays and inhalants.
  • the active ingredient is mixed under sterile conditions with a physiologically acceptable carrier and any preservatives, buffers, or propellants that may be required.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be administered alone or in combination with other pharmaceutically acceptable therapeutic agents.
  • a safe and effective amount of the antibody conjugate of the present invention is applied to a mammal (e.g., a human) in need of treatment, wherein the dosage is a pharmaceutically effective dosage.
  • a mammal e.g., a human
  • the daily dosage is generally 1 to 2000 mg, preferably 5 to 500 mg.
  • the specific dosage should also take into account factors such as the route of administration and the patient's health condition, all of which are within the skill of a skilled physician.
  • the monomer ratio of the conjugate was detected by SEC-HPLC and was within the normal range (purity >90%).
  • the antibody-drug conjugate prepared by the novel linker of the present invention had good solubility and drugability, and no precipitation occurred during the conjugation process.
  • the linker of the antibody-drug conjugate of the present invention has good solubility, which can greatly improve the water solubility of existing small molecule compounds and improve the stability and homogeneity of the conjugate after conjugation with the antibody.
  • the conjugates prepared with the linkers of the present invention have excellent therapeutic effects in various in vitro and in vivo efficacy models, and are superior to the conjugate drugs prepared by the prior art.
  • the LogS parameters of compound 11 and compound A1 were calculated and compared using PerkinElmer CHEMDRAW 22.2 software.
  • the LogS of compound 11 was -10.02, and that of compound A1 was -5.756, indicating that the water solubility was improved by nearly 4-5 orders of magnitude.
  • aqueous phase was adjusted to acidic pH with aqueous citric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL x 3).
  • the organic phase was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain crude compound 3 (3.0 g) as a colorless liquid.
  • LCMS (ESI) [M+Na] + 311.1.
  • the LogS parameters of compound 15 and compound A2 were calculated and compared using PerkinElmer CHEMDRAW 22.2 software.
  • the LogS of compound 11 was -11.14, and that of compound A2 was -6.926, indicating that the water solubility was increased by nearly 4 orders of magnitude.
  • the heavy chain of the monoclonal antibody HuSC1-39 targeting TF (from WO2018/036117Al) is shown in SEQ ID NO.10, and the light chain is shown in SEQ ID NO.11.
  • the nanoantibody-FC fusion protein targeting TF is 4A02-FCWT (wherein the CDR sequences are shown in SEQ ID NO.1-3, the VHH sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO.4, and the 4A02-FCWT fusion protein sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO.5).
  • the antibody stock solution was replaced with 50mM PB/1.0mM EDTA buffer (pH 7.0) using a G25 desalting column, 8 equivalents of TECP were added, and the solution was stirred at 37°C for 2 hours to completely open the disulfide bonds between the antibody chains.
  • the pH of the reduced antibody solution was then adjusted to 6.0 using phosphoric acid, and the water bath temperature was lowered to 25°C in preparation for the coupling reaction.
  • the linker-drug conjugates prepared according to the methods of Examples 1 and 2 were dissolved in DMA, and 12 equivalents of the linker-drug conjugate were added dropwise to the reduced antibody solution. DMA was then added to a final concentration of 10% (V/V). The reaction was stirred at 25°C for 0.5 hours.
  • the sample was filtered using a 0.22um membrane. Excess conjugated small molecules were purified using a tangential flow ultrafiltration system.
  • the DAR values of the HuSC1-39 conjugate ADC are all between 7 and 8, and the DAR values of the 4A02-FCWT conjugate NDC are all between 3.9 and 4.
  • the DAR values are determined by HIC-HPLC, RP-HPLC, or LCMS.
  • the polymer ratio of the conjugates detected by SEC-HPLC is within the normal range (purity is >90%), indicating that the antibody-drug conjugates of the present invention have good solubility and drugability, and no precipitation occurs during the coupling process.
  • Table 1 summarizes the preparation results of four TF-ADCs and TF-NDCs.
  • the TF-targeted humanized nanoantibody-FC fusion protein 4A02-HM8-FCWT (codenamed FD40, sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 6) was used to carry out coupling reaction with FD-LP1, FD-LP5, and FD-LP6 according to Example 6, and the conjugate was purified and the DAR value was analyzed and detected.
  • the DAR values of the 4A02-HM8-FCWT (FD40) conjugate NDC were all between 3.6 and 3.9.
  • the DAR values were determined using HIC-HPLC, RP-HPLC, or LCMS.
  • the polymer ratio of the conjugates detected by SEC-HPLC was within the normal range (purity >90%), indicating that the antibody-drug conjugates of the present invention have good solubility and drugability, and no precipitation occurred during the conjugation process.
  • Table 2 summarizes the preparation results of the three TF-NDCs.
  • the HER2-targeting nanobody-FC fusion protein 1-G07-FCWT (sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 7) or the humanized HER2 nanobody-FC fusion proteins 1-G07-HM1-FCWT and 1-G07-HM3-FCWT (sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 8 and SEQ ID NO. 9) were conjugated with FD-LP5 according to Example 6. The conjugates were purified and the DAR values were analyzed. Table 3 shows the preparation results of the HER2-Topo1 inhibitor NDC.
  • the cell lines used in the examples include triple-negative breast cancer HCC1806 and MDA-MB-231, and pancreatic cancer cell lines BxPC-3 and HPAF-II. These were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and the Cell Bank of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, respectively, and cultured according to the corresponding instructions. Cryopreserved human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were provided by Jiangsu Xidier Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
  • PBMCs peripheral blood mononuclear cells
  • HuSC1-39, 4A02-FCWT, HuSC1-39-L1-AN014, and 4A02-FCWT-L1-AN014 were all diluted at a starting concentration of 150 ⁇ g/mL, while AN014 and diABZI were diluted at a starting concentration of 1000 nM.
  • Serial dilutions of the test drugs were then added to the 96-well plates. After culturing in a 37°C incubator for an appropriate period of time, the cell supernatant was collected and the survival rate of tumor cells was detected using a firefly luciferase reporter gene detection kit or MTS reaction solution (MTS powder was purchased from Promega, product number G1111; PMS powder was purchased from Sigma, product number P9625).
  • MTS reaction solution MTS reaction solution
  • CXCL10 and Interferon- ⁇ are classic markers of STING pathway activation
  • the expression levels of CXCL10 (Product No. EK168, Lianke Bio) and Interferon- ⁇ (Product No. EK180, Lianke Bio) in the supernatant of the above co-cultured cells were detected by ELISA kits to evaluate the activation effect of TF-STING ADC/NDC on the STING pathway.
  • TF-STING ADC/NDC also demonstrated strong anti-tumor activity when co-cultured with pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 cells and human PBMCs for 48 hours.
  • Figure 2A demonstrates that the EC50 for killing BxPC-3 cells was ⁇ 0.0002nM and ⁇ 0.0004nM.
  • Figure 2B demonstrates that TF-STING ADC/NDC can strongly induce the secretion of Interferon- ⁇ , with EC50 values of approximately 1.12nM and 1.21nM.
  • TF-STING ADC/NDC showed stronger and more effective tumor killing activity than naked antibody.
  • the killing EC50 for HCC1806 cells at 24 hours was 0.014-0.066 ⁇ g/mL ( Figure 3)
  • the killing EC50 for MDA-MB-231 cells at 48 hours was approximately 0.0015 ⁇ g/mL ( Figure 4)
  • the killing EC50 for HPAF-II cells at 72 hours was approximately 0.01 ⁇ g/mL ( Figure 5).
  • HPAF-II cell line used in the Examples was purchased from the Cell Bank of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
  • the above-mentioned cells in the logarithmic growth phase were seeded into 96-well cell culture plates at a density of 1000-2000 cells per well. 150 ⁇ L/well was incubated at 37°C in 5% CO2 for approximately 5 hours. Then, different concentrations of TF-ADC/NDCs (15 ⁇ g/mL to 0.00019 ⁇ g/mL) were added. Two to four replicate wells were set up for each drug concentration, along with corresponding vehicle and blank control wells.
  • the in vitro efficacy of the TF-KRAS G12D inhibitor ADC/NDC was verified using the KRAS G12D mutant pancreatic cancer HPAF-II cell line.
  • MDA-453, HPAF-II, BxPC3, HCC1806, MDA-231, and NCI-H1373 cells in the logarithmic growth phase were seeded into 96-well cell culture plates at a density of 1000 to 3000 cells per well. 150 ⁇ L/well was cultured at 37°C, 5% CO2 for approximately 5 hours. Then, different concentrations of TF-NDC FD40-GGFG-Dxd, FD40-LP1, FD40-LP5, and FD40-LP6 (15 ⁇ g/mL to 0.00019 ⁇ g/mL) were added. After 6 days, the culture medium was decanted and MTS reaction solution (purchased from Promega, cat# G3581) was added. The cell viability (OD490nm) of each group was measured.
  • Example 11 In vivo efficacy of TF nanobody-Topo1 inhibitor conjugates (TF-Topo1 inhibitor NDCs)
  • TF-Topo1 inhibitor NDCs In vivo lung cancer NCI-H1373 model: 5x10 6 NCI-H1373 cells were inoculated onto the backs of 6-week-old Balb/c female nude mice. After tumors grew to ⁇ 200 mm 3 on day 8, the animals were randomly divided into groups, with 10 tumors per group. Dosing was performed twice weekly (days 8 and 15).
  • FD40-LP5 (10 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, and 2.5 mg/kg) demonstrated superior anti-tumor efficacy compared to 10 mg/kg FD40-GGFG-Dxd.
  • TNBC HCC1806 model HCC1806 cells in logarithmic growth phase were seeded into the mammary pads of 6-week-old Balb/c female nude mice at a density of 3 ⁇ 106 cells per 200 ⁇ L of serum-free medium. After tumors grew to 200 mm3 , the animals were randomly divided into groups, with 10 tumors per group, and the drug was administered once. As shown in Figure 13, the groups treated with 10 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, and 2.5 mg/kg of FD40-LP5 all showed excellent or good tumor therapeutic effects.
  • NCI-N87 cells 2000 cells/well
  • HCC1954 cells 1000 cells/well
  • the cell viability (OD490nm) of each group was measured. The results are shown in Figure 14A (NCI-N87) and Figure 14B (HCC1954).
  • NCI-N87 cells the IC50 values of 1-G07-LP5 and 1-G07-GGFG-Dxd were 1.064 ⁇ g/mL and ⁇ 10 ⁇ g/mL, respectively.
  • HCC1954 cells the IC50 values of 1-G07-LP5 and 1-G07-GGFG-Dxd were 0.58 ⁇ g/mL and 1.39 ⁇ g/mL, respectively, indicating that the in vitro anti-tumor activity of 1-G07-LP5 is higher than that of 1-G07-GGFG-Dxd.
  • Example 13 Therapeutic effects of HER2-NDC 1-G07-LP5 and TF-NDC FD40-LP5 in a nude mouse intracranial tumor model
  • NCI-N87 intracranial model was established for testing 1-G07-LP5.
  • NCI-N87-luc cells were resuspended in PBS and adjusted to a concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 8 /mL.
  • 5 ⁇ L of cells (5 ⁇ 10 5 cells) were aspirated with a microinjector for inoculation.
  • Six- to seven-week-old female Balb/c nude mice were selected, anesthetized with avertin, and fixed in a stereotaxic apparatus. Centered on the bregma of the mouse's head, the microinjection needle was moved 2 mm to the right and 0.6 mm upward.
  • Drugs were administered via the tail vein, and a second dose was given one week apart, for a total of two doses. Every 1-2 weeks, in vivo fluorescence images were acquired using a small animal fluorescence/CT in vivo imaging system, and brain fluorescence signal intensity (Radiance (p/sec/cm 2 /sr)) and nude mouse body weight were calculated to plot tumor growth curves. The results are shown in Figure 16. Compared with the vehicle group, the T-Dxd group completely inhibited the growth of intracranial tumors, while the 1-G07-LP5 group caused almost complete regression of tumors, indicating a significantly better therapeutic effect than T-Dxd.
  • HCC1806 intracranial model was established for the detection of FD40-LP5.
  • In vivo fluorescence images were collected using a small animal fluorescence/CT in vivo imaging system every week, and the brain fluorescence signal intensity and nude mouse body weight were counted. The results are shown in Figure 17. Compared with the hIgG1-MMAE group, 5 mg/kg FD40-LP5 completely inhibited tumor growth or caused partial regression.
  • Serum Sample Collection 8-week-old female Balb/c mice were injected via the tail vein with 1 mg/kg of HER2-NDC, 1-G07-GGFG-Dxd, or 1 mg/kg of 1-G07-LP5. Approximately 100 ⁇ L of blood was collected via the orbital cavity at 0, 5, 30, 4, 8, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 168, and 192 hours after administration. The blood was allowed to rest at room temperature for 30 minutes, then at 4°C for 3-4 hours. The supernatant serum was collected by centrifugation at 1500 rpm for 15 minutes.
  • Anti-Dxd antibody (Abmax Biotechnology, Cat#05-0191-L, which has similar affinity for LP5 to Dxd) was diluted to 2.5 ⁇ g/mL using coating buffer and coated onto an ELISA plate at 100 ⁇ L/well. The plate was sealed with a sealing film and incubated at 4°C overnight. Unbound antigen was removed, and 3% BSA blocking buffer in PBS was added at 200 ⁇ L/well for 2 hours at room temperature. The blocking buffer was removed, and 3-fold serial dilutions of the test serum sample and a 3-fold serial dilution of the standard sample (starting at 333.33 ng/mL) were added at 100 ⁇ L/well for 2 hours at room temperature.
  • 1-G07-GGFG and 1-G07-LP5 exhibited mean Cmax values of 18.6 ⁇ g/mL and 17.5 ⁇ g/mL, respectively.
  • the mean T1 /2 values were 34.6 hours and 35.9 hours, respectively.
  • the mean AUC0 -t values were 380.5 hours* ⁇ g/mL and 456.3 hours* ⁇ g/mL, respectively.
  • the mean MRTlast values were 33.9 hours and 43.1 hours, respectively.
  • Example 15 Permeability of TF-NDC FD40-LP5 and TF-ADC in an in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model
  • the cells used in this example were obtained from Wuhan Punosai Life Science Co., Ltd. and cultured according to the corresponding instructions, including C8-D1A and b.End3.
  • a 6.5 mm diameter, 3 ⁇ m pore chamber (6.5 mm, Corning, Cat#3415) was coated with 100 ⁇ g/mL rat tail type I collagen at 37°C for 1 hour.
  • Mouse brain astrocytes C8-D1A were resuspended in DMEM/F12 complete medium.
  • the 24-well plate and chamber were inverted, and 50 ⁇ L of the C8-D1A cell suspension was added to the bottom of the chamber, with a final cell density of 1 ⁇ 10 5 cells/cm 2 .
  • the bottom of the 24-well plate was covered as a lid and placed in an incubator for 3 hours.
  • the chamber and 24-well plate were turned upright, the medium was replenished, and the culture was continued for 48 hours.
  • Mouse microvascular endothelial cells b.End3 were resuspended in DMEM/F12 complete medium.
  • Permeability test Remove the culture medium and add 700 ⁇ L of fresh culture medium to the bottom chamber. Add 100 ⁇ g/mL of different drugs to the top chamber and incubate in an incubator. At 6 and 24 hours, collect 120 ⁇ L of culture medium from the bottom chamber and replenish with 120 ⁇ L of fresh culture medium. For TF-NDC and TF-ADC drugs, determine antibody concentration using ELISA.
  • FD40-LP5 was scaled up for batch production by optimizing the coupling reaction and conjugate purification conditions. 860 mg of FD40 antibody was used for the coupling reaction, with a TECP/antibody molar ratio of 2.8 and a LP5/antibody molar ratio of 7.0.
  • the organic solvent, DMA was 10%. Reduction was performed at 22°C for 18 h, followed by coupling at 22°C for 0.5 h.
  • the overall conjugate yield was 81%, with a DAR of 4.0, a monomer fraction of 97.39, and a residual small molecule fraction of ⁇ 0.06%.
  • Figure 21 shows the SEC and LC-MS data for the scaled-up batch of FD40-LP5 conjugate.
  • Two cynomolgus monkeys (one male and one female) were administered a single intravenous infusion of 10 mg/kg FD40-LP5 and observed for 21 consecutive days. On the 22nd day, they were given a second intravenous infusion of 30 mg/kg FD40-LP5 and observed for another 21 consecutive days (a total of 42 days). The results showed that at each dose, no significant drug-related changes in the animals' clinical status were observed, and slight and reversible fluctuations in food intake and body weight were observed.
  • the body weight of the animals showed a slight and reversible decrease (5-10%) during the experimental period, especially at high doses.
  • K2477 study Two cynomolgus macaques (one male and one female) were administered a single intravenous infusion of 10 mg/kg FD40-GGFG-Dxd (designated the 10 mg/kg dose group). On day 22, a second intravenous infusion of 30 mg/kg FD40-GGFG-Dxd (designated the 30 mg/kg dose group) was administered. Serum was prepared by collecting blood from the forelimb or hindlimb vein before each dose and at 5 minutes, 1 hour, 8 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 96 hours, 120 hours, 168 hours, 240 hours, 336 hours, and 504 hours after administration. Pharmacokinetic testing was performed according to the method in Example 14.
  • Pharmacokinetic testing was performed according to the method of Example 14.
  • the results, as shown in Figure 26, show that after intravenous administration of 10 mg/kg, the mean AUC 0-t values for FD40-GGFG-Dxd and FD40-LP5 were 4725.19 h* ⁇ g/mL and 7527.15 h* ⁇ g/mL, respectively.
  • the mean AUC 0-t values for FD40-GGFG-Dxd and FD40-LP5 were 14822.3 h* ⁇ g/mL and 24615.3 h* ⁇ g/mL, respectively.
  • the TF-STING ADC/NDC prepared using the new linker A of the present invention activates the STING signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer and pancreatic cancer models, promotes tumor-immune cell interaction, and induces the secretion of CXCL10 and IFN, thereby exerting excellent anti-tumor effects.
  • the TF-KRAS G12D -I ADC/NDC prepared using the novel linker A of the present invention has a good anti-tumor effect in a KRAS G12D mutant pancreatic cancer model.
  • the TF-Topo1 inhibitor NDC prepared using the new linker A of the present invention has good anti-tumor effects in KRAS G12C mutation lung cancer model, KRAS G12D mutation pancreatic cancer model and triple-negative breast cancer model.
  • the HER2-Topo1 inhibitor NDC prepared using the new linker A of the present invention has a good anti-tumor effect in a gastric cancer model and is superior to trastuzumab-deruxtecan (T-Dxd).
  • TF-NDC and HER2-NDC prepared with the new linker A have good BBB penetration, have good anti-tumor effects on intracranial tumors, and are superior to trastuzumab-deruxtecan (T-Dxd).
  • the new linker A of the present invention has a wide range of applications and is suitable for coupling antibodies and nanobodies with different targets, as well as loaded compounds with different mechanisms of action.
  • FD40-LP5 prepared using the novel linker A of the present invention has extremely high drugability and exhibits excellent water solubility, homogeneity, repeated freeze-thaw stability, and thermal stability.
  • FD40-LP5 prepared using the new linker A of the present invention showed good safety in an exploratory toxicology evaluation study in crab-eating monkeys.

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种连接子、抗体药物偶联物及其制备方法。本发明的药物连接子具有良好的溶解度,可以大大改善现有小分子化合物的水溶性,与抗体偶联后提高偶联物的稳定性和均一性。

Description

一种连接子、抗体药物偶联物及其制备方法 技术领域
本申请涉及生物医药领域,具体地涉及一种连接子、抗体药物偶联物及其制备方法。
背景技术
抗体-药物偶联物(Antibody-drug conjugate,ADC),是利用单克隆抗体特异性识别肿瘤细胞表面特定抗原的特点,从而实现精准地将抗肿瘤药物(如小分子化疗药物等)递送到肿瘤靶细胞并释放,达到精准杀伤肿瘤的目的。ADC也因为其分子量大小合适,稳定性高,靶向性强,毒副作用小被认为是最具潜力的抗肿瘤药物。但成功开发ADC也存在诸多必须考虑且必须解决的问题,如抗体要特异性的识别病变部位,免疫致敏性低,能够高效迅速的发生细胞内吞作用;抗体-药物接头,在血液中稳定性要高并能在靶向细胞中特异的被激活并高效释放小分子药物;所偶联的小分子药物细胞杀伤能力要强等。而通过纳米抗体制备的纳米抗体-药物偶联物(nanobody-drug conjugate,NDC)不仅保留了传统ADC的优点,还具有血管通透性高、血脑等屏障穿透性好、肿瘤穿透力强、到达靶细胞速度快,可以提高药物在肿瘤的累积,同时还可适度控制药物的血浆暴露量及半衰期,有助于进一步提高对实体瘤的治疗效果和整体治疗窗,有望成为最具潜力的一类全新的抗肿瘤药物。
当使用传统的连接子时,会导致ADC出现不稳定以及聚集沉降的现象,另外,亲脂性过高时会导致在体内肝脏等代谢器官很快的代谢消除,导致PK性质变差,因此有必要从连接子的结构方面去探索,如何在保证高载药量的同时还会优化ADC的理化以及药代动力学(pharmacokinetics,PK)性质。
因此,本领域仍然需要开发新型连接子、抗体药物偶联物及其制备方法,以便进一步开发疗效更好的ADC药物。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种新型连接子、抗体药物偶联物及其制备方法。
在本发明的第一方面,提供了一种化合物或其立体异构体或其药学上可接受的盐,所述化合物具有如式A所示的结构:
式中,
Q为用于与抗体进行连接的接头基团;
Z1包含含有Y个羟基的葡萄糖基;
s为0-10的整数;
n为1-24的整数;
r为0-10的整数;
X为连接基团;
P1为多肽残基;
P2为化学键或AA-PAB结构;其中,AA为二肽或三肽或四肽片断(即2-4个氨基酸通过肽键连接形成的片段),PAB为对-氨基苄基氨甲酰基;
D为药物。
在另一优选例中,所述葡萄糖基包括环状结构和开链结构。
在另一优选例中,所述葡萄糖基包括其前体或衍生物。
在另一优选例中,所述Z1中,Y为正整数。
在另一优选例中,Y为4-50,较佳地5-30,更佳地6-25。
在另一优选例中,所述Z1中,Y≥5,较佳地≥8。
在另一优选例中,所述Z1中还包含氨基。
在另一优选例中,所述Z1的结构选自下组:
在另一优选例中,所述Z1的结构选自下组:
在另一优选例中,所述接头基团Q选自:
其中A表示任选取代的C3-C8亚烷基、C3-C8链烯基、C3-C8炔基、C3-C6环烯基、C3-C8环烷基、任选取代的二甘醇至八甘醇酰基,Ar表示任意取代的C5-6芳基或杂芳基基团,“*”表示-C=O-与氨基形成酰氨键。
在另一优选例中,所述任意取代是指在芳基的任何可使用的连接点的取代。
在另一优选例中,所述P1选自下组:
NH-Val-Cit-C=ONH-Val-Ala-C=ONH-Ala-Ala-Ala-C=ONH-Ala-Ala-C=ONH-Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly-C=ONH-Val-Lys-C=O
在另一优选例中,所述X选自
在另一优选例中,所述X中,1和2分别代表连接位点;例如,1为与式A上半部分连接的位点,2为与式A下半部分连接的位点。
在另一优选例中,所述D为细胞毒类小分子药物,选自下组:STING激动剂、KRAS-G12D抑制剂、微管蛋白抑制剂、拓扑异构酶抑制剂、DNA结合剂。
在另一优选例中,所述STING激动剂选自下组:diABZI类似物。
在另一优选例中,所述KRAS-G12D抑制选自MRTX1133类似物。
在另一优选例中,所述的微管蛋白抑制剂选自下组:美登素(maytansine)衍生物、单甲基阿里他汀-E(MMAE)、单甲基阿里他汀-F(MMAF)、Monomethyl Dolastatin 10(MMAD)、Tubulysin类衍生物、Cryptophycin类衍生物、Taltobulin;较佳地为MMAE或MMAF。
在另一优选例中,所述的拓扑异构酶抑制剂选自下组:SN38、DXd、阿霉素(Doxorubicin)代谢产物PNU-159682衍生物、依沙替康(Exatecan、DX8951)、伊立替康(irinotecan,CPT-11)代谢产物SN38衍生物;较佳地为拓扑异构酶1(Topo1)抑制剂,如SN38、DXd或依沙替康(Exatecan)。
在另一优选例中,所述的DNA结合剂选自下组:PBD类衍生物、duocarmycin类衍生物。
在另一优选例中,所述式A的结构选自下组:


在本发明的第二方面,提供了一种抗体药物偶联物(ADC),所述的抗体药物偶联物为如本发明第一方面所述的式A化合物与抗体偶联形成的抗体药物偶联物(ADC)。
在另一优选例中,所述偶联物如式B所示:
其中:
Ab为抗体;
L为连接子;
D为药物;
n为1至10的整数或小数。
在另一优选例中,所述抗体包括抗原结合片段、纳米抗体、嵌合抗体、二价抗体、和/或多价抗体。
在另一优选例中,所述抗体为动物源抗体、人源化抗体、嵌合抗体或嵌合抗原受体抗体(CAR)。
在另一优选例中,所述人源化抗体的CDR区包含1、2、或3个氨基酸的变化。
在另一优选例中,所述的动物为非人哺乳动物,较佳地为鼠、羊、兔、骆驼。
在另一优选例中,所述的抗体为双链抗体或单链抗体。
在另一优选例中,所述的抗体为纳米抗体或单克隆抗体。
在另一优选例中,所述的抗体是部分或全人源化的单克隆抗体。
在另一优选例中,所述抗体或纳米抗体或其融合蛋白靶向选自下组的靶点:TF、EGFR、HER2、HER3、BCMA、B7-H3、CD73、AXL、DLL3、CD38、CD123、CD19、CD20、CD22、B7-H6、GPC3、PMSA、CD28、4-1BB、OX40、CD40、CD27、CD3、CTLA4、PD1、PDL1、BCMA、Trop2、TIGIT、LAG-3、TLR7,或其组合。
在另一优选例中,所述抗原结合片段包括:(i)Fab片段;(ii)F(ab')2片段;(iii)Fd片段;(iv)Fv片段;(v)单链Fv(scFv)分子;(vi)dAb片段。
在另一优选例中,所述抗体为靶向TF和/或HER2的抗体或纳米抗体(抗TF和/或HER2抗体、抗TF和/或HER2纳米抗体或其融合蛋白)。
在另一优选例中,所述靶向TF纳米抗体的抗原结合片段具有如SEQ ID NO.1所示的CDR1、如SEQ ID NO.2所示的CDR2、如SEQ ID NO.3所示的CDR3。
在另一优选例中,所述靶向TF纳米抗体具有如SEQ ID NO.4所示的重链可变区。
在另一优选例中,所述免疫偶联物含有:多价(如二价)的所述的靶向TF和/或HER2的纳米抗体或所述的靶向TF和/或HER2的抗体。
在另一优选例中,所述多价是指,在所述免疫偶联物的氨基酸序列中包含多个重复的所述的靶向TF和/或HER2的纳米抗体或所述的靶向TF和/或HER2的抗体。
在另一优选例中,所述抗体药物偶联物ADC为单体、二聚体或多聚体。
在另一优选例中,所述抗体包括能够提升蛋白理化性质或成药性的功能域,例如Fc段、抗白蛋白纳米抗体(HLE)、白蛋白结合域(ABD)。
在另一优选例中,所述靶向TF纳米抗体包括Fc段,较佳地所述靶向TF纳米抗体如SEQ ID NO.5所示。
在另一优选例中,所述靶向HER2纳米抗体包括Fc段,较佳地所述靶向HER2纳米抗体如SEQ ID NO.7-9任一项所示。
在另一优选例中,所述抗体药物偶联物包含式(B)所示结构:
其中:其中Q为可与抗体偶联的接头基团;Z1为亲水性基团,包括羟基,含有氨基的葡萄糖基;X为连接基团;P1为多肽残基;P2为直接键或对氨基苯甲酸酯(PABC)基团;D为抗肿瘤药物;n为1~24的整数,Ab为抗体或纳米抗体融合蛋白,m=1-8。
在另一优选例中,所述抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)选自下组:
偶联物ADC结构如下:


其中:Ab为配体,m=1-8。
在本发明的第三方面,提供了一种药物组合物,其包括(a)如本发明第二方面所述的抗体药物偶联物或其药学上可接受的盐,和(b)药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂。
在本发明的第四方面,提供了一种如本发明第二方面所述的抗体药物偶联物或其药学上可接受的盐,或者包含所述的偶联物或其药学上可接受的盐的药物组合物在制备抗肿瘤或治疗癌症的药物中的用途。
在另一优选例中,所述的癌症选自下组:肺癌、肝癌、乳腺癌(三阴乳腺癌)、卵巢癌、非霍奇金淋巴瘤,霍奇金淋巴瘤,急性淋巴细胞性白血病,间变性大细胞淋巴瘤,多发性骨髓瘤,前列腺癌、非小细胞肺癌、小细胞肺癌、恶性黑色素瘤、鳞状细胞癌、胶质母细胞瘤、肾细胞癌、胃肠道肿瘤、胰腺癌、结直肠癌、胃癌、神经胶质瘤、间皮瘤。
在本发明的第五方面,提供了一种本发明第二方面所述的抗体药物偶联物的制备方法,包括步骤:
(1)用抗体与还原试剂在缓冲液中反应,得到经还原后的抗体;
(2)用式A所示化合物与步骤(1)中得到的经还原后的抗体在缓冲液与有机溶剂混合液中进行交联(偶联),得到抗体-药物偶联物B。
应理解,在本发明范围内中,本发明的上述各技术特征和在下文(如实施例)中具体描述的各技术特征之间都可以互相组合,从而构成新的或优选的技术方案。限于篇幅,在此不再一一累述。
附图说明
图1为4A02-FCWT、4A02-FCWT-L1-AN014、HuSC1-39、HuSC1-39-L1-AN014在MDA-MB-231/PBMC共培养处理48小时后诱导细胞因子的效果,采用1000nM diABZI为阳性对照,150μg/mL hIgG1为阴性对照。图1A为诱导趋化因子CXCL10的检测结果;图1B为诱导炎症因子Interferon-γ的检测结果。
图2为4A02-FCWT、4A02-FCWT-L1-AN014、HuSC1-39、HuSC1-39-L1-AN014在BxPC3-Luc/PBMC共培养处理48小时的实验结果。图2A为检测BxPC3-Luc细胞的存活率,其中,同步稀释小分子荷载AN014的起始浓度为1000nM,150μg/mL hIgG1为阴性对照;图2B为检测药物促进炎症因子Interferon-γ表达和分泌的效果。
图3为4A02-FCWT、4A02-FCWT-L1-AN014、HuSC1-39、HuSC1-39-L1-AN014在HCC1806-Luc/PBMC共培养处理24小时后检测HCC1806-Luc细胞的存活率,其中,同步稀释小分子荷载AN014的起始浓度为1000nM,150μg/mL hIgG1为阴性对照。
图4为4A02-FCWT、4A02-FCWT-L1-AN014、HuSC1-39、HuSC1-39-L1-AN014在MDA-MB-231-Luc/PBMC共培养处理48小时后检测MDA-MB-231-Luc细胞的存活率。同步稀释小分子荷载AN014的起始浓度为1000nM,150μg/mL hIgG1为阴性对照。
图5为4A02-FCWT、4A02-FCWT-L1-AN014、HuSC-39、HuSC1-39-L1-AN014在HPAF-II-Luc/PBMC共培养处理72小时后检测HPAF-II-Luc细胞的存活率。同步稀释小分子荷载AN014的起始浓度为1000nM,150μg/mL hIgG1为阴性对照。
图6为4A02-FCWT-L1-AN014(图6A)和HuSC1-39-L1-AN014(图6B)在胰腺癌HPAF-II裸鼠体内移植瘤模型中的治疗效果。细胞接种后第3天,肿瘤生长至~100mm3时荷瘤鼠随机分组给药,其中4A02-FCWT-L1-AN014、HuSC1-39-L1-AN014的剂量为5mg/kg,裸抗组4A02-FCWT、HuSC1-39的剂量为5mg/kg,游离小分子AN014的剂量为2mg/kg,每周1次共2次。
图7为浓度梯度稀释的4A02-FCWT-TM-4、HuSC1-39-TM-4在KRASG12D突变的HPAF-II细胞体外增殖抑制实验中的效果,展示药物处理3天后的抑制曲线及IC50值。
图8为TF-KRASG12D-I ADC HuSC1-39-TM-4在HPAF-II裸鼠移植瘤模型中的治疗效果。荷瘤鼠每周1次静脉注射10mg/kg裸抗HuSC1-39、HuSC1-39-TM-4,共计给药3次。
图9为人源化抗体4A02-HM8(FD40)-Topo1抑制剂偶联物的体外抗肿瘤活性。FD40-LP1-D4、FD40-LP5-D4、FD40-LP6-D4针对TF-阴性的乳腺癌MDA-453,TF-高表达的胰腺癌HPAF-II、BxPC3,肺癌NCI-H1373,三阴性乳腺癌MDA-231、HCC1806细胞的体外增殖活性,显示剂量药效曲线和IC50值汇总表。
图10为FD40-GGFG-Dxd、FD40-LP1-D4、FD40-LP5-D4、FD40-LP6-D4针对肺癌NCI-H1373裸鼠体内移植瘤模型中的治疗效果。细胞接种后第8天,肿瘤生长至~200mm3时荷瘤鼠随机分组给药。静脉注射10mg/kg TF-NDC,每周1次共2次。
图11为FD40-LP1-D4、FD40-LP5-D4、FD40-LP6-D4针对胰腺癌HPAF-II裸鼠体内移植瘤模型的治疗效果。细胞接种后第7天,肿瘤生长至~150mm3时荷瘤鼠随机分组给药,静脉注射10mg/kg TF-NDC,共计给药1次。
图12为FD40-GGFG-Dxd(10mg/kg)、FD40-LP5-D4(10mg/kg、5mg/kg、2.5mg/kg)针对胰腺癌HPAF-II裸鼠体内移植瘤模型的治疗效果。细胞接种后第6天,肿瘤生长至~200mm3时荷瘤鼠随机分组给药,共计给药1次。
图13为FD40-LP5-D4(10mg/kg、5mg/kg、2.5mg/kg)针对三阴性乳腺癌HCC1806裸鼠体内移植瘤模型的治疗效果。细胞接种后第10天,肿瘤生长至~200mm3时荷瘤鼠随机分组给药,共计给药1次。
图14为HER2-NDC 1-G07-LP5、1-G07-GGFG-Dxd、T-Dxd的体外抗肿瘤活性。图14A为药物针对胃癌NCI-N87细胞的抗增殖活性。图14B为药物针对乳腺癌HCC1954细胞的抗增殖活性。显示剂量药效曲线和IC50值。
图15为HER2-NDC 1-G07-LP5、T-Dxd针对NCI-N87裸鼠体内移植瘤模型的治疗效果。细胞接种后第16天,肿瘤生长至~400mm3时荷瘤鼠随机分组给药,剂量为5mg/kg,每周1次共计给药2次。
图16为HER2-NDC 1-G07-LP5、T-Dxd针对NCI-N87-Luc颅内肿瘤瘤模型的治疗效果。细胞接种后第9天,活体成像监测肿瘤生长,分组静脉给药,剂量为5mg/kg,每周1次共计给药2次。
图17为TF-NDC FD40-LP5-D4针对HCC1806-Luc颅内肿瘤模型的治疗效果。细胞颅内接种后第7天,活体成像监测肿瘤生长,分组静脉给药,剂量为5mg/kg,共计给药1次。
图18为HER2-NDC 1-G07-LP5、1-G07-GGFG-Dxd在小鼠静脉给药的药代动力学实验结果,给药剂量为1mg/kg。
图19为TF-NDC FD40-LP5、FD40-GGFG-Dxd在小鼠静脉给药的药代动力学实验结果,给药剂量为1mg/kg。
图20为TF-NDC FD40-LP5、TF-ADC HuSC1-39-MMAE在体外血脑屏障渗透模型的检测结果。
图21为FD40-LP5放大偶联克级批次偶联物的药物分析结果。
图22为FD40-LP5食蟹猴探索性安全评估研究实验的体重变化结果。
图23为FD40-LP5食蟹猴探索性安全评估研究实验的血凝指标检测结果。
图24为FD40-LP5食蟹猴探索性安全评估研究实验的血生化指标检测结果。
图25为FD40-LP5食蟹猴探索性安全评估研究实验的血液学指标检测结果。
图26为FD40-GGFG-Dxd、FD40-LP5食蟹猴探索性安全评估研究实验的药代动力学(TK)检测结果。
具体实施方式
本发明人经过广泛而深入地研究,首次构建了一种新连接子,利用本发明的连接子构建的抗体药物偶联物,对来源于多种癌症或肿瘤的细胞系均展现出显著的肿瘤抑制效果,且优于阳性对照,说明本发明的抗体药物偶联物可作为多种实体瘤和血液肿瘤的治疗性药物,用于肿瘤或癌症治疗。在此基础上完成了本发明。
术语
除非另有定义,否则本文中所用的全部技术术语和科学术语均具有如本发明所属领域普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
术语“约”可以是指在本领域普通技术人员确定的特定值或组成的可接受误差范围内的值或组成,其将部分地取决于如何测量或测定值或组成。
如本文所用,术语“含有”或“包括(包含)”可以是开放式、半封闭式和封闭式的。换言之,所述术语也包括“基本上由…构成”、或“由…构成”。除非上下文另外清楚要求,否则在整个说明书和权利要求书中,应将词语“包含”、“具有”、“包括”等理解为具有包含意义,而不是排他性或穷举性意义;也即,“包括但不仅限于”的意义。除非另有说明,“包含”包括了“由……组成”。
术语“烷基”指饱和的直链或带有支链的脂肪族烃基,其具有1至20个(例如1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19或20个)碳原子(即C1-20烷基)。所述烷基优选具有1至12个碳原子的烷基(即C1-12烷基),更优选具有1至6个碳原子的烷基(即C1-6烷基)。非限制性的实例包括:甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、仲丁基、正戊基、1,1-二甲基丙基、1,2-二甲基丙基、2,2-二甲基丙基、1-乙基丙基、2-甲基丁基、3-甲基丁基、正己基、1-乙基-2-甲基丙基、1,1,2-三甲基丙基、1,1-二甲基丁基、1,2-二甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丁基、1,3-二甲基丁基、2-乙基丁基、2-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、4-甲基戊基、2,3-二甲基丁基、正庚基、2-甲基己基、3-甲基己基、4-甲基己基、5-甲基己基、2,3-二甲基戊基、2,4-二甲基戊基、2,2-二甲基戊基、3,3-二甲基戊基、2-乙基戊基、3-乙基戊基、正辛基、2,3-二甲基己基、2,4-二甲基己基、2,5-二甲基己基、2,2-二甲基己基、3,3-二甲基己基、4,4-二甲基己基、2-乙基己基、3-乙基己基、4-乙基己基、2-甲基-2-乙基戊基、2-甲基-3-乙基戊基、正壬基、2-甲基-2-乙基己基、2-甲基-3-乙基己基、2,2-二乙基戊基、正癸基、3,3-二乙基己基、2,2-二乙基己基,及其各种支链异构体等。烷基可以是取代的或非取代的,当被取代时,其可以在任何可使用的连接点被取代,取代基优选选自D原子、卤素、烷氧基、卤代烷基、卤代烷氧基、环烷基氧基、杂环基氧基、羟基、羟烷基、氰基、氨基、硝基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基和杂芳基中的一个或多个。
术语“亚烷基”指二价烷基,其中烷基如上所定义,其具有1至20个(例如1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19或20个)碳原子(即C1-20亚烷基)。所述亚烷基优选具有1至12个碳原子的亚烷基(即C1-12亚烷基),更优选具有1至6个碳原子的亚烷基(即C1-6亚烷基)。非限制性的实例包括:-CH2-、-CH(CH3)-、-C(CH3)2-、-CH2CH2-、-CH(CH2CH3)-、-CH2CH(CH3)-、-CH2C(CH3)2-、-CH2CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2CH2CH2-等。亚烷基可以是取代的或非取代的,当被取代时,其可以在任何可使用的连接点被取代,取代基优选选自D原子、卤素、烷氧基、卤代烷基、卤代烷氧基、环烷基氧基、杂环基氧基、羟基、羟烷基、氰基、氨基、硝基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基和杂芳基中的一个或多个。
术语“烷氧基”指-O-(烷基),其中烷基的定义如上所述。非限制性的实例包括:甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基和丁氧基等。烷氧基可以是取代的或非取代的,当被取代时,其可以在任何可使用的连接点被取代,取代基优选选自D原子、卤素、烷氧基、卤代烷基、卤代烷氧基、环烷基氧基、杂环基氧基、羟基、羟烷基、氰基、氨基、硝基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基和杂芳基中的一个或多个。
术语“环烷基”指饱和或部分不饱和的单环全碳环(即单环环烷基)或多环系统(即多环环烷基),其具有3至20个(例如3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19或20个)环原子(即3至20元环烷基)。所述环烷基优选具有3至12个环原子的环烷基(即3至12元环烷基),更优选具有3至8个环原子的环烷基(即3至8元环烷基,例如C3-7环烷基),最优选具有3至6个环原子的环烷基(即3至6元环烷基,例如C3-6环烷基)。
术语“芳基”指具有共轭的π电子体系的单环全碳芳环(即单环芳基)或多环芳环系统(即多环芳基),其具有6至14个(例如6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13或14个)环原子(即6至14元芳基)。所述芳基优选具有6至10个环原子的芳基(即6至10元芳基)。所述的单环芳基,例如苯基。所述的多环芳基,非限制性的实例包括:萘基、蒽基、菲基等。所述多环芳基还包括苯基与杂环基或环烷基中的一个或多个稠合,或萘基与杂环基或环烷基中的一个或多个稠合,其中连接点在苯基或萘基上,并且在这种情况下,环原子个数继续表示多环芳环系统中的环原子个数,非限制性的实例包括:
等。
芳基可以是取代的或非取代的,当被取代时,其可以在任何可使用的连接点被取代,取代基优选选自D原子、卤素、烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基、卤代烷氧基、环烷基氧基、杂环基氧基、羟基、羟烷基、氧代基、氰基、氨基、硝基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基和杂芳基中的一个或多个。
术语“杂芳基”指具有共轭的π电子体系的单环杂芳环(即单环杂芳基)或多环杂芳环系统(即多环杂芳基),其环内至少含有一个(例如1、2、3或4个)选自氮、氧和硫的杂原子(所述的氮可任选被氧化,即形成氮氧化物;所述的硫可任选被氧代,即形成亚砜或砜,但不包括-O-O-、-O-S-或-S-S-),其具有5至14个(例如5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13或14个)环原子(即5至14元杂芳基)。所述杂芳基优选具有5至10个环原子的杂芳基(即5至10元杂芳基),更优选具有5或6个环原子的杂芳基(即5或6元杂芳基)。
术语“环烷基氧基”指环烷基-O-,其中环烷基如上所定义。术语“杂环基氧基”指杂环基-O-,其中杂环基如上所定义。术语“芳基氧基”指芳基-O-,其中芳基如上所定义。术语“杂芳基氧基”指杂芳基-O-,其中杂芳基如上所定义。术语“烷硫基”指烷基-S-,其中烷基如上所定义。术语“卤代烷基”指烷基被一个或多个卤素取代,其中烷基如上所定义。术语“氘代烷基”指烷基被一个或多个氘原子取代,其中烷基如上所定义。术语“卤代烷氧基”指烷氧基被一个或多个卤素取代,其中烷氧基如上所定义。
术语“羟烷基”指烷基被一个或多个羟基取代,其中烷基如上所定义。术语“卤素”指氟、氯、溴或碘。术语“羟基”指-OH。术语“氨基”指-NH2。术语“氰基”指-CN。N-乙基二异丙胺简称DIEA。N,N-二甲基甲酰胺简称DMF。O-(7-氮杂苯并三氮唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷简称HATU。1-羟基苯并三唑简称HOBt。
“取代的”指基团中的一个或多个氢原子,优选为1~6个,更优选为1~3个氢原子彼此独立地被相应数目的取代基取代。本领域技术人员能够在不付出过多努力的情况下(通过实验或理论)确定可能或不可能的取代。例如,具有游离氢的氨基或羟基与具有不饱和(如烯属)键的碳原子结合时可能是不稳定的。
如本文所用,术语“氨基酸残基”是指氨基酸的N端-NH2脱去一个H,C端的-COOH脱去-OH所形成的基团。一般地,将氨基酸(残基)中包括N端和C段的链段称为主链,而决定氨基酸具体种类的部分称为侧链。一般地,氨基酸残基如-NH-CH(R)-CO-所示,其中,R为侧链(氨基酸侧链)。除非另有定义,在本文中,氨基酸包括天然氨基酸或非天然氨基酸,包括D型和/或L型氨基酸。氨基酸的例子包括但不限于Ala(A)、Arg(R)、Asn(N)、Asp(D)、Cys(C)、Gln(Q)、Glu(E)、Gly(G)、His(H)、Ile(I)、Leu(L)、Lys(K)、Met(M)、Phe(F)、Pro(P)、Ser(S)、Thr(T)、Trp(W)、Tyr(Y)、Val(V)。优选地,在本文中,氨基酸为选自下组的氨基酸:L-甘氨酸(L-Gly),L-丙氨酸(L-Ala),β-丙氨酸(β-Ala),L-谷氨酸(L-Glu),L-天冬氨酸(L-Asp),L-组氨酸(L-His),L-精氨酸(L-Arg),L-赖氨酸(L-Lys),L-缬氨酸(L-Val),L-丝氨酸(L-Ser),L-苏氨酸(L-Thr);此外,当氨基酸存在2个或以上的氨基和/或者2个或以上的羧基时,该术语还包括不在同一个碳原子上的-NH2脱去一个H和-COOH脱去-OH所形成的基团,例如由谷氨酸的-NH2和非α位-COOH分别脱去一个H后形成的二价基团-C(O)-(CH2)2-C(COOH)-NH-。
如本文所用,术语“药学上可接受的盐”指本发明化合物与酸或碱所形成的适合用作药物的盐。药学上可接受的盐包括无机盐和有机盐。一类优选的盐是本发明化合物与酸形成的盐。适合形成盐的酸包括但并不限于:盐酸、氢溴酸、氢氟酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸等无机酸,甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、马来酸、乳酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、苦味酸、甲磺酸、苯甲磺酸,苯磺酸等有机酸;以及天冬氨酸、谷氨酸等酸性氨基酸。
式A化合物
式中,
Q为用于与抗体进行连接的接头基团;
Z1包含含有Y个羟基的葡萄糖基;
s为0-10的整数;
n为1-24的整数;
r为0-10的整数;
X为连接基团;
P1为多肽残基;
P2为化学键或AA-PAB结构;其中,AA为二肽或三肽或四肽片断(即2-4个氨基酸通过肽键连接形成的片段),PAB为对-氨基苄基氨甲酰基;
D为药物。
制备方法
下面更具体地描述本发明式A结构化合物的制备方法,但这些具体方法不对本发明构成任何限制。本发明化合物还可以任选将在本说明书中描述的或本领域已知的各种合成方法组合起来而方便地制得,这样的组合可由本发明所属领域的技术人员容易地进行。
通常,在制备流程中,各反应通常在惰性溶剂中,在室温至回流温度(如0℃~80℃,优选0℃~50℃)下进行。反应时间通常为0.1小时-60小时,较佳地为0.5-48小时。
下面的通用制备路线可以用于合成本发明式A结构的化合物。
此外,抗体药物偶联物制备路线如下所示。抗体链间二硫键被还原,产生2n个(如4个)巯基基团。本发明的取代马来酰亚胺类连接子-药物缀合物与还原后的抗体巯基交联,生成相应的抗体药物偶联物。
抗体
如本文所用,术语“抗体”或“免疫球蛋白”是有相同结构特征的约150000道尔顿的异四聚糖蛋白,其由两个相同的轻链(L)和两个相同的重链(H)组成。每条轻链通过一个共价二硫键与重链相连,而不同免疫球蛋白同种型的重链间的二硫键数目不同。每条重链和轻链也有规则间隔的链内二硫键。每条重链的一端有可变区(VH),其后是多个恒定区。每条轻链的一端有可变区(VL),另一端有恒定区;轻链的恒定区与重链的第一个恒定区相对,轻链的可变区与重链的可变区相对。特殊的氨基酸残基在轻链和重链的可变区之间形成界面。
如本文所用,术语“可变”表示抗体中可变区的某些部分在序列上有所不同,它形成了各种特定抗体对其特定抗原的结合和特异性。然而,可变性并不均匀地分布在整个抗体可变区中。它集中于轻链和重链可变区中称为互补决定区(CDR)或超变区中的三个片段中。可变区中较保守的部分称为构架区(FR)。天然重链和轻链的可变区中各自包含四个FR区,它们大致上呈β-折叠构型,由形成连接环的三个CDR相连,在某些情况下可形成部分β折叠结构。每条链中的CDR通过FR区紧密地靠在一起并与另一链的CDR一起形成了抗体的抗原结合部位(参见Kabat等,NIH Publ.No.91-3242,卷I,647-669页(1991))。恒定区不直接参与抗体与抗原的结合,但是它们表现出不同的效应功能,例如参与抗体的依赖于抗体的细胞毒性。
脊椎动物抗体(免疫球蛋白)的“轻链”可根据其恒定区的氨基酸序列归为明显不同的两类(称为κ和λ)中的一类。根据其重链恒定区的氨基酸序列,免疫球蛋白可以分为不同的种类。主要有5类免疫球蛋白:IgA、IgD、IgE、IgG和IgM,其中一些还可进一步分成亚类(同种型),如IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4、IgA和IgA2。对应于不同类免疫球蛋白的重链恒定区分别称为α、δ、ε、γ、和μ。不同类免疫球蛋白的亚单位结构和三维构型是本领域人员所熟知的。
一般,抗体的抗原结合特性可由位于重链和轻链可变区的3个特定的区域来描述,称为可变区域(CDR),将该段间隔成4个框架区域(FR),4个FR的氨基酸序列相对比较保守,不直接参与结合反应。这些CDR形成环状结构,通过其间的FR形成的β折叠在空间结构上相互靠近,重链上的CDR和相应轻链上的CDR构成了抗体的抗原结合位点。可以通过比较同类型的抗体的氨基酸序列来确定是哪些氨基酸构成了FR或CDR区域。
本发明不仅包括完整的抗体,还包括具有免疫活性的抗体的片段或抗体与其他序列形成的融合蛋白。因此,本发明还包括所述抗体的片段、衍生物和类似物。
在本发明中,抗体包括用本领域技术人员熟知技术所制备的鼠的、嵌合的、人源化的或者全人的抗体。重组抗体,例如嵌合的和人源化的单克隆抗体,包括人的和非人的部分,可以通过标准的DNA重组技术获得,它们都是有用的抗体。嵌合抗体是一个分子,其中不同的部分来自不同的动物种,例如具有来自鼠的单克隆抗体的可变区,和来自人免疫球蛋白的恒定区的嵌合抗体(见例如美国专利4,816,567和美国专利4,816,397,在此通过引用方式整体引入本文)。人源化的抗体是指来源于非人物种的抗体分子,具有一个或多个来源于非人物种的互补决定区(CDRs)和来源于人免疫球蛋白分子的框架区域(见美国专利5,585,089,在此通过引用方式整体引入本文)。这些嵌合和人源化的单克隆抗体可以采用本领域熟知的DNA重组技术制备。
在本发明中,抗体可以是单特异性、双特异性、三特异性、或者更多的多重特异性。
在本发明中,本发明抗体还包括其保守性变异体,指与本发明抗体的氨基酸序列相比,有至多10个,较佳地至多8个,更佳地至多5个,最佳地至多3个氨基酸被性质相似或相近的氨基酸所替换而形成多肽。这些保守性变异多肽最好根据表A进行氨基酸替换而产生。
表A

抗体的制备
本发明抗体或其片段的DNA分子的序列可以用常规技术,比如利用PCR扩增或基因组文库筛选等方法获得。此外,还可将轻链和重链的编码序列融合在一起,形成单链抗体。
一旦获得了有关的序列,就可以用重组法来大批量地获得有关序列。这通常是将其克隆入载体,再转入细胞,然后通过常规方法从增殖后的宿主细胞中分离得到有关序列。
此外,还可用人工合成的方法来合成有关序列,尤其是片段长度较短时。通常,通过先合成多个小片段,然后再进行连接可获得序列很长的片段。
目前,已经可以完全通过化学合成来得到编码所述的本发明的抗体(或其片段,或其衍生物)的DNA序列。然后可将该DNA序列引入本领域中已知的各种现有的DNA分子(或如载体)和细胞中。此外,还可通过化学合成将突变引入本发明蛋白序列中。
本发明还涉及包含上述的适当DNA序列以及适当启动子或者控制序列的载体。这些载体可以用于转化适当的宿主细胞,以使其能够表达蛋白质。
宿主细胞可以是原核细胞,如细菌细胞;或是低等真核细胞,如酵母细胞;或是高等真核细胞,如哺乳动物细胞。优选的动物细胞包括(但并不限于):CHO-S、HEK-293细胞。
通常,在适合本发明抗体表达的条件下,培养转化所得的宿主细胞。然后用常规的免疫球蛋白纯化步骤,如蛋白A-Sepharose、羟基磷灰石层析、凝胶电泳、透析、离子交换层析、疏水层析、分子筛层析或亲和层析等本领域技术人员熟知的常规分离纯化手段纯化得到本发明的抗体。
所得单克隆抗体可用常规手段来鉴定。比如,单克隆抗体的结合特异性可用免疫沉淀或体外结合试验(如放射性免疫测定(RIA)或酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA))来测定。单克隆抗体的结合亲和力例如可用Munson等,Anal.Biochem.,107:220(1980)的Scatchard分析来测定。
本发明的抗体可在细胞内、或在细胞膜上表达、或分泌到细胞外。如果需要,可利用其物理的、化学的和其它特性通过各种分离方法分离和纯化重组的蛋白。这些方法是本领域技术人员所熟知的。这些方法的例子包括但并不限于:常规的复性处理、用蛋白沉淀剂处理(盐析方法)、离心、渗透破菌、超声处理、超离心、分子筛层析(凝胶过滤)、吸附层析、离子交换层析、高效液相层析(HPLC)和其它各种液相层析技术及这些方法的结合。
抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)
本发明还提供了基于本发明抗体的抗体偶联药物(antibody-drug conjugate,ADC)。
典型地,所述抗体偶联药物包括所述抗体、以及效应分子,所述抗体与所述效应分子偶联,并优选为化学偶联。其中,所述效应分子优选为具有治疗活性的药物。此外,所述效应分子可以是毒蛋白、化疗药物、小分子药物或放射性核素中的一种或多种。
本发明抗体与所述效应分子之间可以是通过偶联剂进行偶联。所述偶联剂的例子可以是非选择性偶联剂、利用羧基的偶联剂、肽链、利用二硫键的偶联剂中的任意一种或几种。所述非选择性偶联剂是指使效应分子和抗体形成共价键连接的化合物,如戊二醛等。所述利用羧基的偶联剂可以是顺乌头酸酐类偶联剂(如顺乌头酸酐)、酰基腙类偶联剂(偶联位点为酰基腙)中的任意一种或几种。
抗体上某些残基(如Cys或Lys等)用于与多种功能基团相连,其中包括成像试剂(例如发色基团和荧光基团),诊断试剂(例如MRI对比剂和放射性同位素),稳定剂(例如乙二醇聚合物)和治疗剂。抗体可以被偶联到功能剂以形成抗体-功能剂的偶联物。功能剂(例如药物,检测试剂,稳定剂)被偶联(共价连接)至抗体上。功能剂可以直接地、或者是通过接头间接地连接于抗体。
典型的适用于本发明的偶联方式,包括K-Lock和C-Lock两种偶联方式。在K-Lock偶联方式中,药物分子偶联于抗体序列中赖氨酸(K)残基,在C-Lock偶联方式中,药物分子偶联于抗体序列中的半胱氨酸(C)残基。
抗体可以偶联药物从而形成抗体药物偶联物(ADCs)。典型地,ADC包含位于药物和抗体之间的接头。接头可以是可降解的或者是不可降解的接头。可降解的接头典型地在细胞内环境下容易降解,例如在目标位点处接头发生降解,从而使药物从抗体上释放出来。合适的可降解的接头包括,例如酶降解的接头,其中包括可以被细胞内蛋白酶(例如溶酶体蛋白酶或者内体蛋白酶)降解的含有肽基的接头,或者糖接头例如,可以被葡糖苷酸酶降解的含葡糖苷酸的接头。肽基接头可以包括,例如二肽,例如缬氨酸-瓜氨酸,苯丙氨酸-赖氨酸或者缬氨酸-丙氨酸。其它合适的可降解的接头包括,例如,pH敏感接头(例如pH小于5.5时水解的接头,例如腙接头)和在还原条件下会降解的接头(例如二硫键接头)。不可降解的接头典型地在抗体被蛋白酶水解的条件下释放药物。
连接到抗体之前,接头具有能够和某些氨基酸残基反应的活性反应基团,连接通过活性反应基团实现。巯基特异性的活性反应基团是优选的,并包括:例如马来酰亚胺类化合物,卤代酰胺(例如碘、溴或氯代的);卤代酯(例如碘、溴或氯代的);卤代甲基酮(例如碘、溴或氯代),苄基卤代物(例如碘、溴或氯代的);乙烯基砜,吡啶基二硫化物;汞衍生物例如3,6-二-(汞甲基)二氧六环,而对离子是醋酸根、氯离子或者硝酸根;和聚亚甲基二甲基硫醚硫代磺酸盐。接头可以包括,例如,通过硫代丁二酰亚胺连接到抗体上的马来酰亚胺。
药物可以是任何细胞毒性,抑制细胞生长或者免疫抑制的药物。在实施方式中,接头连接抗体和药物,而药物具有可以和接头成键的功能性基团。例如,药物可以具有可以和连接物成键的氨基,羧基,巯基,羟基,或者酮基。在药物直接连接到接头的情况下,药物在连接到抗体之前,具有反应的活性基团。
有用的药物类别包括,例如,抗微管蛋白药物、DNA小沟结合试剂、DNA复制抑制剂、烷化试剂、抗生素、叶酸拮抗物、抗代谢药物、化疗增敏剂、拓扑异构酶抑制剂、长春花生物碱等。特别有用的细胞毒性药物类的例子包括,例如,DNA小沟结合试剂、DNA烷基化试剂、和微管蛋白抑制剂、典型的细胞毒性药物包括、例如奥瑞他汀(auristatins)、喜树碱(camptothecins)、多卡霉素/倍癌霉素(duocarmycins)、依托泊甙(etoposides)、美登木素(maytansines)和美登素类化合物(maytansinoids)(例如DM1和DM4)、紫杉烷(taxanes)、苯二氮卓类(benzodiazepines)或者含有苯二氮卓的药物(benzodiazepine containing drugs)(例如吡咯并[1,4]苯二氮卓类(PBDs),吲哚啉苯并二氮卓类(indolinobenzodiazepines)和噁唑烷并苯并二氮卓类(oxazolidinobenzodiazepines))和长春花生物碱(vinca alkaloids)。
在本发明中,药物-接头可以用于在一个简单步骤中形成ADC。在其它实施方式中,双功能连接物化合物可以用于在两步或多步方法中形成ADC。例如,半胱氨酸残基在第一步骤中与接头的反应活性部分反应,并且在随后的步骤中,接头上的功能性基团与药物反应,从而形成ADC。
通常,选择接头上功能性基团,以利于特异性地与药物部分上的合适的反应活性基团进行反应。作为非限制性的例子,基于叠氮化合物的部分可以用于特异性地与药物部分上的反应性炔基基团反应。药物通过叠氮和炔基之间的1,3-偶极环加成,从而共价结合于接头。其它的有用的功能性基团包括,例如酮类和醛类(适合与酰肼类和烷氧基胺反应),膦(适合与叠氮反应);异氰酸酯和异硫氰酸酯(适合与胺类和醇类反应);和活化的酯类,例如N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯(适合与胺类和醇类反应)。这些和其它的连接策略,例如在《生物偶联技术》,第二版(Elsevier)中所描述的,是本领域技术人员所熟知的。本领域技术人员能够理解,对于药物部分和接头的选择性反应,当选择了一个互补对的反应活性功能基团时,该互补对的每一个成员既可以用于接头,也可以用于药物。
本发明还提供了制备ADC的方法,可进一步地包括:将抗体与药物-接头化合物,在足以形成抗体偶联物(ADC)的条件下进行结合。
在某些实施方式中,本发明方法包括:在足以形成抗体-接头偶联物的条件下,将抗体与双功能接头化合物进行结合。在这些实施方式中,本发明方法还进一步地包括:在足以将药物部分通过接头共价连接到抗体的条件下,将抗体接头偶联物与药物部分进行结合。
在一些实施方式中,抗体药物偶联物ADC如下分子式所示:
其中:
Ab是抗体,
LU是接头;
D是药物;
而且下标p是选自1-10,较佳地1到8的值。
药物(Drug)
如本文所用,“药物”泛指任何具有期望的生物活性,并具有反应性官能团以便制备本发明所述偶联物的化合物。期望的生物活性包括,诊断,治愈,缓解,治疗,预防人或其它动物的疾病。因此,只要具有必需的反应性官能团,术语“药物”涉及的化合物包括正式国家药典,以及例如美国正式同种疗法药典,正式全国处方集,或者其任何增补本等确认的药物。典型的药物列于医师案头用药参考(PDR)和美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)的橙皮书。应理解,随着新型药物不断被发现和发展,这些药物也应纳入本发明所述偶联药物的中的“药物”。
可用于构成本发明ADC的药物包括但并不限于:细胞毒剂(例如细胞毒类小分子药物)。
术语“细胞毒剂”是指抑制或阻止细胞表达活性、细胞功能和/或造成细胞破坏的物质。该术语包括放射性同位素、化学治疗剂以及毒素,如细菌、真菌、植物或动物来源的小分子毒素或酶活性毒素,包括其片段和/或变体。细胞毒剂的例子包括但不限于:耳他汀类(例如,耳他汀E、耳他汀F、MMAE和MMAF)、金霉素、类美坦西醇、篦麻毒素、篦麻毒素A-链、考布他汀、多卡米星、多拉司他汀、阿霉素、柔红霉素、紫杉醇、顺铂、cc1065、溴化乙锭、丝裂霉素、依托泊甙、替诺泊甙(tenoposide)、长春新碱、长春碱、秋水仙素、二羟基炭疽菌素二酮、放线菌素、白喉毒素、假单胞菌外毒素(PE)A、PE40、相思豆毒素、相思豆毒素A链、蒴莲根毒素A链、α-八叠球菌、白树毒素、迈托毒素(mitogellin)、局限曲菌素(retstrictocin)、酚霉素、依诺霉素、麻疯树毒蛋白(curicin)、巴豆毒素、卡奇霉素、肥皂草(Sapaonaria officinalis)抑制剂以及糖皮质激素和其它化学治疗剂,以及放射性同位素,如At211、I131、I125、Y90、Re186、Re188、Sm153、Bi212或213、P32和包括Lu177在内的Lu的放射性同位素。抗体也可与能够将前药转化成其活性形式的抗癌前药活化酶偶联。
优选的小分子药物为具有高细胞毒性的化合物,优选单甲基澳瑞他汀(monomethyl auristatin)、加利车霉素、美登素类、或其组合;更佳地选自:单甲基阿里他汀-E(MMAE)、单甲基阿里他汀-D(MMAD)、单甲基阿里他汀-F(MMAF)、或其组合。
较佳地,所述的药物是指:用于癌症治疗的细胞毒性药物,或具有期望生物活性的蛋白或多肽,例如一种毒素,如相思子毒素,蓖麻毒素A,假单胞菌外毒素,和白喉毒素;其他合适的蛋白包括肿瘤坏死因子,α-干扰素,β-干扰素,神经原生长因子,血小板衍生生长因子,组织型纤酶溶原生长因子,以及生物反应调节制剂,例如淋巴因子,白细胞介素-1(IL-1),白细胞介素-2(IL-2),白细胞介素-6(IL-6),粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF),粒细胞集落刺激因子,或其它生长因子。
一种优选的本发明药物是美登素或类美登素。美登素化合物通过抑制微管蛋白的微管形成来抑制细胞增殖。类美登素是美登素的衍生物。美登素和类美登素都具有高效的细胞毒性,但是它们在癌症治疗的临床应用上具有很大的局限性,这主要是源于此类分子对肿瘤的低选择性。但是,这种高细胞毒性促使它们成为抗体药物偶联物的首选药物部分。以下列出了去乙酰基美登素的结构。
另一种优选的本发明药物是耳抑素肽类药物。耳抑素肽类药物是海兔毒素10(Dolastatin10)的类似物,而后者是从海洋软体动物海兔体内分离出来的具有生物活性的多肽。海兔毒素10通过结合微管蛋白(与长春新碱同样的结合区域)而抑制微管蛋白聚合。海兔毒素10,耳抑素肽PE,耳抑素肽E都是线性多肽,含有四个氨基酸(其中三个氨基酸是海兔毒素类化合物所独有的)和C-端酰胺基团。两个代表性的耳抑素肽类化合物,单甲基耳抑素肽E(MMAE)和单甲基耳抑素肽F(MMAF),都是抗体药物偶联物的首选药物。
另一种优选的本发明药物是吡咯并苯二氮卓类(pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodi-azepines,PBDs)或者PBD二聚体类(PBD dimers)。PBD是一类由链霉菌产生的天然产物,其独特特性在于能够在DNA小沟,确切是在嘌呤-鸟嘌呤-嘌呤序列处,形成非扭曲的共价加和物。应用PBD作为部分小分子策略靶向锁定DNA序列以及作为新型的抗癌和抗菌药物引起了越来越多的兴趣。应用一个柔性碳链连接两个PBD单元的C8/C8'的羟基基团,所得的二聚体具有增强的生物活性。PBD二聚体被认为是可以产成序列选择性的DNA损伤,例如倒序的5'-Pu-GATC-Py-3'链间交联,从而导致其生物活性。这些化合物已被证明是高效的细胞毒性药物,可作为抗体药物偶联物的备选药物。
另一种优选的本发明药物是PNU-159682衍生物,PNU-159682是Nemorubicin在人肝微粒体中的主要活性代谢产物,与MMDX和阿霉素相比,活性提高3000倍。
另一方面,药物并不仅仅局限于上述提到的类别,还包括所有可用于抗体药物偶联物的药物。并且尤其是那些能够通过与接头的酰胺键来配位,如通过具有碱性胺基(一级胺或二级胺)来配位的细胞毒素。
术语抗体-药物偶联物(antibody drug conjugate,ADC),指单克隆抗体或者抗体片段通过连接单元与具有生物活性的毒性药物相连。本公开所描述的抗体或抗体片段可以通过任何方式偶联至效应分子。举例来说,抗体或抗体片段可以通过化学或重组方式附接至毒性药物。制备融合物或偶联物的化学方式在本领域中是已知的。用于偶联抗体或抗体片段和药物的方法必须能够连接抗体与毒性药物而不会干扰抗体或抗体片段结合至标靶分子的能力。
本发明还提供了制备ADC的方法,可进一步地包括:将抗体与药物-接头化合物(或药物-连接子化合物(linker-drug,LD),例如本发明所示的LD-1~LD-17),在足以形成抗体偶联物(ADC)的条件下进行结合。
在某些实施方式中,本发明方法包括:在足以形成抗体-接头偶联物的条件下,将抗体与接头化合物进行结合。在这些实施方式中,本发明方法还进一步地包括:在足以将药物部分通过接头共价连接到抗体的条件下,将抗体接头偶联物与药物部分进行结合。
载药量,也称药物抗体比例(Drug-to-Antibody Ratio,DAR),即ADC中每个抗体所偶联的药物的平均数量。其可在例如每个抗体偶联约1至约10个药物的范围内,并且在某些实施例中,在每个抗体偶联约1至约8个药物的范围内,优选自2-8,2-7,2-6,2-5,2-4,3-4,3-5,5-6,5-7,5-8和6-8的范围。示例性的,载药量可以为1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10的均值。本披露的ADC通式包括与前述一定范围内的抗体药物偶联物的集合。在本披露的实施方式中,载药量可表示为n,是小数或整数。可用常规方法如UV/可见光光谱法,质谱,ELISA试验和HPLC测定载药量。
本发明的一个实施方式中,细胞毒性药物通过连接单元偶联在抗体上。
可以用以下非限制性方法控制配体药物偶联物的载量,包括:
(1)控制药物连接子片段和单抗的摩尔比,
(2)控制反应时间和温度,
(3)选择不同的反应试剂。
药物组合物和施用方法
由于本发明提供的抗体-药物偶联物,可以靶向瞄准特殊的细胞群体,与细胞表面特异蛋白(抗原)结合,从而通过结合物内吞或药物渗入使得药物以活性形式释放到细胞内,因此,本发明的抗体-药物偶联物可以用于治疗目标疾病,上面提到的抗体-药物偶联物可以以治疗有效量,通过合适的途径给予受试者(例如人)。需要治疗的受试者可以是有风险,或怀疑患有与特定抗原的活性或表达量有关病症的患者。这样的患者可以通过常规体检来鉴定。
常规方法,已知的医学领域的普通技术人员,可以用于施用药物组合物给受试者,这取决于疾病的要治疗的类型或疾病的部位。此组合物还可以通过其它常规途径,例如,口服,肠胃外给药,通过吸入喷雾,局部,直肠,经鼻,口腔,阴道或通过植入进行给药。本文所用的术语“肠胃外”包括皮下,皮内,静脉内,肌内,关节内,动脉内,滑膜内,胸骨内,鞘内,病灶内和颅内注射或输注技术。此外,它可以施用到通过施用可注射的贮库途径,例如使用1-,3-,或6个月的贮库可注射或可生物降解的材料和方法的主题。
注射组合物可以含有各种载体如植物油,二甲基乙酰胺(dimethylactamide),二甲基甲酰胺,乳酸乙酯,碳酸乙酯,肉豆蔻酸异丙酯,乙醇,多元醇(甘油,丙二醇,液体聚乙二醇,等等)。对于静脉内注射,水溶性抗体可以通过点滴方法,由此含有抗体和生理上可接受的赋形剂的药物制剂输注给药。生理上可接受的赋形剂可以包括,例如,5%葡萄糖,0.9%盐水,林格溶液或其它合适的赋形剂。肌内制剂,例如,抗体的一个合适的可溶盐形式的无菌制剂,可以溶解和施用的药用赋形剂诸如水换注射液,0.9%盐水,或5%葡萄糖溶液。
当用本发明的抗体-药物偶联物治疗时,可以通过本领域常规的方法进行递送。例如,它可以通过使用脂质体,水凝胶,环糊精,生物可降解的纳米胶囊,或生物粘附性微球被引入到细胞中。或者,所述核酸或载体可在本地通过直接注射或通过使用输注泵递送。其它方法包括通过使用缀合物和生物可降解的聚合物的各种运输和载体系统。
本发明的药物组合物含有安全有效量的本发明的抗体-药物偶联物以及药学上可接受的载体。这类载体包括(但并不限于):盐水、缓冲液、葡萄糖、水、甘油、乙醇、及其组合。通常药物制剂应与给药方式相匹配,本发明的药物组合物可以被制成溶液剂形式,例如用生理盐水或含有葡萄糖和其他辅剂的水溶液通过常规方法进行制备。所述的药物组合物宜在无菌条件下制造。活性成分的给药量是治疗有效量。
本发明所述的抗体-药物偶联物的有效量可随给药的模式和待治疗的疾病的严重程度等而变化。优选的有效量的选择可以由本领域普通技术人员根据各种因素来确定(例如通过临床试验)。所述的因素包括但不限于:所述的抗体偶联物的药代动力学参数例如生物利用率、代谢、半衰期等;患者所要治疗的疾病的严重程度、患者的体重、患者的免疫状况、给药的途径等。通常,当本发明的抗体-药物偶联物每天以约0.0001mg-50mg/kg动物体重(较佳的0.001mg-10mg/kg动物体重)的剂量给予,能得到令人满意的效果。例如,由治疗状况的迫切要求,可每天给予若干次分开的剂量,或将剂量按比例地减少。
用于局部给药的本发明化合物的剂型包括软膏剂、散剂、贴剂、喷射剂和吸入剂。活性成分在无菌条件下与生理上可接受的载体及任何防腐剂、缓冲剂,或必要时可能需要的推进剂一起混合。
本发明化合物可以单独给药,或者与其他药学上可接受的治疗剂联合给药。
使用药物组合物时,是将安全有效量的本发明抗体偶联物适用于需要治疗的哺乳动物(如人),其中施用时剂量为药学上认为的有效给药剂量,对于60kg体重的人而言,日给药剂量通常为1~2000mg,优选5~500mg。当然,具体剂量还应考虑给药途径、病人健康状况等因素,这些都是熟练医师技能范围之内的。
本发明的主要优点包括
(1)通过SEC-HPLC检测偶联物的单体比例在正常范围(纯度均>90%),通过本发明的新连接子制备的抗体药物偶联物具有很好溶解性和成药性,偶联过程不发生沉淀。
(2)本发明抗体药物偶联物的连接子具有良好的溶解度,可以大大改善现有小分子化合物的水溶性,与抗体偶联后提高偶联物的稳定性和均一性。
(3)适用范围较宽,可与不同机制的药物偶联获得各种抗体偶联药物,有望提高现有偶联药物的治疗窗口。
(4)与现有技术相比,本发明抗体药物偶联物的连接子的亲水性侧链具有更高的亲水性,带来更优的偶联效率,具备与不同载体药物偶联的适用性,如纳米抗体。
(5)本发明连接子制备的偶联物在各类体外和体内药效模型中均具有优异的治疗效果,且更优于现有技术制备的偶联药物。
(6)本发明连接子制备的偶联物在食蟹猴临床前毒理评估中具有良好的安全性。
下面结合具体实施例,进一步陈述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下列实施例中未注明详细条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件如Sambrook等人,分子克隆:实验室手册(New York:Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,1989)中所述的条件,或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。除非另外说明,否则百分比和份数按重量计算。
实施例1连接子-STING激动剂化合物A1(L1-AN014)的合成
步骤一:化合物3的制备
将化合物1(1.00g,1.96mmol,1.0eq)和化合物2(720mg,2.95mmol,1.5eq)溶入20mL的无水二氯甲烷中,加入HATU(900mg,2.37mmol,1.2eq)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(1.0g,7.83mmol,4.0eq),在25摄氏度的条件下搅拌1小时。反应通过LCMS检测。反应完成后,浓缩,加入40mL的乙酸乙酯和石油醚(1/2)打浆,将残留物过滤,滤液浓缩,浓缩物经Prep-HPLC(0.1%甲酸水/乙腈)纯化,冻干得到化合物3(1.3g,90%)为无色液体。LCMS(ESI)[M+H]+=739.4。
步骤二:化合物4的制备
向化合物3(1.3g,1.80mmol)中加入氯化氢-二氧六环溶液(6M,20mL),然后在25摄氏度下搅拌1小时,反应通过LCMS进行检测。反应完成后,除去溶剂,残留物用二氧六环(20mL)稀释并浓缩三次,干燥得到粗品化合物4(1.1g,100%)为黄色液体。LCMS(ESI)[M+H]+=627.3。
步骤三:化合物6的制备
将化合物4(900mg,1.44mmol,1.0eq)溶于10mL无水二氧六环中,加入DIC(544mg,4.32mmol,3.0eq)和HOSu(497mg,4.32mmol,3.0eq),在25摄氏度下搅拌2小时后,加入N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(5mL),N,N-二异丙基乙胺(928mg,7.2mmol,5.0eq)和化合物5(912mg,5.04mmol,3.5eq),然后在25摄氏度下搅拌1小时。反应通过LCMS进行检测,反应完成后,浓缩,残留物经Prep-HPLC(0.1%甲酸水/乙腈)纯化,冻干得到化合物6(230mg,17%)为白色固体。LCMS(ESI)[M+H]+=953.4。
步骤四:化合物9的制备
将化合物7(300mg,0.79mmol,1.0eq)溶于5mL无水二氧六环中,加入DIC(200mg,1.58mmol,2.0eq)和HOSu(183mg,1.58mmol,2.0eq),在20摄氏度下搅拌2小时后,加入饱和NaHCO3溶液(1mL)和化合物8(173mg,1.19mmol,1.5eq)的N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶液(2mL)。然后在20摄氏度下搅拌1小时。反应通过LCMS进行检测,反应完成后,浓缩,残留物经Prep-HPLC(0.1%甲酸水/乙腈)纯化,冻干得到化合物9(250mg,62%)为白色固体。LCMS(ESI)[M+H-56]+=449.2。
步骤五:化合物10的制备
将化合物9(200mg,0.40mol 1.0eq)溶于5mL二氯甲烷,然后加入三氟乙酸(2mL)。反应液在20摄氏度下搅拌1小时,反应通过LCMS进行检测。反应完成后,浓缩,残留物经Prep-HPLC(0.1%甲酸水/乙腈)纯化,冻干得到化合物10(120mg,68%)为白色固体。LCMS(ESI)[M+H]+=449.2。
步骤六:化合物14的制备
将化合物10(76mg,0.17mol 1.2eq)和化合物AN014(110mg,0.14mol 1.0eq)溶于2mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺,然后加入HATU(64mg,0.17mol 1.2eq)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(73mg,0.68mmol,4.0eq)。反应液在20摄氏度下搅拌1小时,反应通过LCMS进行检测。反应完成后,反应液经Prep-HPLC(0.1%甲酸水/乙腈)纯化,冻干得到化合物11(90mg,53%)为白色固体。LCMS(ESI)[M+H]+=1210.4。
步骤七:化合物A1(L1-AN014)的制备
将化合物11(80mg,0.066mmol 1.0eq)和化合物6(94mg,0.099mmol 1.5eq)溶于正丁醇/水(10/1,11mL)混合溶液中,然后氮气保护下依次加入L-抗坏血酸钠(65mg,0.33mmol 5.0eq)和五水硫酸铜(50mg,0.20mmol 3.0eq)。反应液在20摄氏度氮气保护下搅拌2小时,反应通过LCMS进行检测。反应完成后,浓缩,残留物经Prep-HPLC(0.1%甲酸水/乙腈)纯化,冻干得到化合物L1-AN014(12.11mg,8%)为白色固体。LCMS(ESI)[1/2M+H]+=1082.4。
通过PerkinElmer CHEMDRAW 22.2软件计算比较化合物11与化合物A1的LogS参数,化合物11的LogS=-10.02,化合物A1的-5.756,水溶性提高了近4-5个数量级。
实施例2连接子-KRASG12D抑制剂化合物A2(TM-4)的合成
步骤一:化合物3的制备
将化合物1(3.00g,9.55mmol,1.0eq)和化合物2(1.02g,11.47mmol,1.2eq)溶于50mL二氧六环中,加入碳酸氢钠(1.6g,19.1mmol,2.0eq)的水(10mL)溶液,在20摄氏度的条件下搅拌20小时。反应通过LCMS检测。反应完成后,除去溶剂二氧六环,残留物用乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释,再用水(50mL)洗滴,水相用柠檬酸水溶液调节PH至酸性,再用乙酸乙酯(50mL X 3)萃取,有机相再用饱和食盐水洗涤后用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸发得到得到粗品化合物3(3.0g)为无色液体。LCMS(ESI)[M+Na]+=311.1。
步骤二:化合物5的制备
将化合物3(3.00g,10.41mmol,1.0eq)和化合物4(1.28g,10.41mmol,1.0eq)溶入70mL的二氯甲烷中,加入HATU(4.75g,12.49mmol,1.2eq)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(5.38g,41.62mmol,4.0eq),在20摄氏度的条件下搅拌1小时。反应通过LCMS检测。反应完成后,除去溶剂,通过柱层析纯化(二氯甲烷:甲醇=15:1)得到粗品化合物5(4.2g,100%)为白色固体。LCMS(ESI)[M+Na]+=416.3。
步骤三:化合物6的制备
将化合物5(4.2g,10.69mmol,1.0eq)溶于60mL二氯甲烷中,加入三氟乙酸(20mL),然后在20摄氏度的条件下搅拌1小时后,减压浓缩,将残留物溶于50mL甲醇中,加入饱和氢氧化锂溶液至反应液PH呈碱性,然后在20摄氏度的条件下搅拌1小时。反应通过LCMS进行检测。反应完成后,浓缩,浓缩物经Prep-HPLC(0.1%氨水水/乙腈)纯化,冻干得到化合物7(2.2g,70%)为黄色固体。LCMS(ESI)[M+H]+=294.1。
步骤四:化合物16的制备
将化合物17(100mg,0.11mmol,1.0eq)溶入5mL甲醇中,然后加入Pd/C(10%,20mg),在20摄氏度氢气环境下搅拌1小时。反应通过LCMS检测。反应完成后,浓缩得到化合物16(90mg,93%)为白色固体。
步骤五:化合物9的制备
将化合物7(1.00g,3.25mmol,1.0eq)和化合物8(0.66g,3.25mmol,1.0eq)溶入20mL四氢呋喃中,然后加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(1.26g,9.75mmol,3.0eq),在20摄氏度的条件下搅拌16小时。反应通过LCMS检测。反应完成后,浓缩,浓缩物经Prep-HPLC(0.1%甲酸水/乙腈)纯化,冻干得到化合物9(1.2g,93%)为白色固体。LCMS(ESI)[M+H-56]+=341.1。
步骤六:化合物10的制备
将化合物9(500mg,1.26mmol 1.0eq)和化合物6(370mg,1.26mmol 1.0eq)溶于5mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺,然后加入HATU(575mg,1.51mmol 1.2eq)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(489mg,3.78mmol,3.0eq)。反应液在20摄氏度下搅拌1小时,反应通过LCMS进行检测。反应完成后,反应液经Prep-HPLC(0.1%甲酸水/乙腈)纯化,冻干得到化合物10(420mg,50%)为白色固体。LCMS(ESI)[M+H-18]+=654.3。
步骤七:化合物12的制备
将化合物10(150mg,0.22mmol,1.0eq)和化合物11(136mg,0.44mmol,2.0eq)溶于3mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中,然后加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(87mg,0.67mmol,5.0eq)。反应液在20摄氏度下搅拌5小时。反应通过LCMS进行检测。反应完成后,用乙酸乙酯萃取,水洗,饱和食盐水洗涤,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,残留物经硅胶柱层析(二氯甲烷/甲醇=15/1)纯化,得到化合物12(95mg,51%)为橘红色固体。LCMS(ESI)[M+H-56]+=781.3。
步骤八:化合物14的制备
将化合物12(95mg,0.11mmol,1.0eq)和化合物13(68mg,0.11mmol,1.0eq)溶于2mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和0.2mL吡啶中,加入1-羟基苯并三唑(15mg,0.11mmol,1.0eq)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(71mg,0.67mmol,5.0eq)。反应液在20摄氏度下搅拌16小时。反应通过LCMS进行检测,反应完成后,反应液经Prep-HPLC(0.1%甲酸水/乙腈)纯化,冻干得到化合物6(90mg,61%)为黄色固体。LCMS(ESI)[M+H]+=1298.5。
步骤九:化合物15的制备
将化合物14(90mg,0.07mmol)溶于5mL二氯甲烷中,加入三氟乙酸(1mL)。反应液在20摄氏度下搅拌1小时,反应通过LCMS进行检测。反应完成后,除去溶剂,残留物经Prep-HPLC(0.1%甲酸水/乙腈)纯化,冻干得到化合物15(45mg,52%)为黄色固体。LCMS(ESI)[M+H]+=1243.4。
步骤十:化合物A2(TM-4)的制备
将化合物15(45mg,0.036mmol,1.0eq)溶于2mL无水二氧六环中,加入DIC(23mg,0.181mmol,5.0eq)和HOSu(21mg,0.181mmol,5.0eq),在20摄氏度下搅拌2小时后,加入饱和NaHCO3溶液(0.2mL)和化合物16(173mg,1.19mmol,1.5eq)的N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶液(1mL)。然后在20摄氏度下搅拌2小时。反应通过LCMS进行检测,反应完成后,浓缩,残留物经Prep-HPLC(0.1%甲酸水/乙腈)纯化,冻干得到化合物TM-4(11.02mg,14%)为黄色固体。LCMS(ESI)[1/2M+H]+=1076.4。
通过PerkinElmer CHEMDRAW 22.2软件计算比较化合物15与化合物A2的LogS参数,化合物11的LogS=-11.14,化合物A2的-6.926,水溶性提高了近4个数量级。
实施例3连接子-Topo1抑制剂化合物A4(FD-LP1)的合成
步骤一:化合物5的合成
将化合物5a(200mg,0.596mmol,1.0eq),HOSu(103.0mg,0.895mmol,1.5eq)和DCC(246.1mg,1.193mmol,2.0eq)溶于四氢呋喃(5mL)中,反应混合液在室温条件下搅拌3小时,LC-MS监测反应完全后,反应混合液直接浓缩,残留物通过硅胶柱色谱(DCM/MeOH=93/7)纯化得到化合物5(160mg,37%)为白色固体。LCMS:[M+Na]+=455.1
步骤二:化合物3的合成
将化合物2(247.5mg,0.466mmol,1.0eq)和二异丙基乙基胺(180.5mg,1.397mmol,3.0eq)溶于DMF(5mL)中,搅拌至澄清状态后加入化合物1(300mg,0.466mmol,1.0eq)和N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-O-(7-氮杂苯并三唑-1-基)六氟磷酸脲(283.3mg,0.745mmol,1.6eq),加料完毕后,反应液在零摄氏度条件下搅拌2小时。LC-MS监测反应完全后,反应液直接压入反相纯化(0.1% FA水/乙腈=2/3)纯化得到化合物3(420mg,81%)为黄色固体。LCMS:[M+H]+=1063.3
步骤三:化合物4的合成
将化合物3(420mg,0.395mmol,1.0eq)和溶于DMF(4mL)中,降温到零摄氏度后加入二乙胺(0.4mL),加料完毕后,反应液在零摄氏度条件下搅拌半个小时。LC-MS监测反应完全后,有机相浓缩去除二乙胺,取醋酸(420mg)溶于少量DMF中加入反应体系摇匀,反应体系直接压入反相纯化(0.1% FA水/乙腈=7/3)纯化得到化合物4(290mg,83%)为黄色固体。LCMS:[M+H]+=841.3
步骤四:化合物6的合成
将化合物4(170mg,0.202mmol,1.0eq),化合物5(104.9mg,0.243mmol,1.2eq)和二异丙基乙基胺(52.3mg,0.404mmol,2.0eq)溶于DMF(5mL)中,加料完毕后,反应液在室温条件下搅拌1小时。LC-MS监测反应完全后,反应液直接压入反相纯化(0.1% HCOOH/水/乙腈=1/1)纯化得到化合物6(190mg,80%)为白色固体。
LCMS:[M+H]+=1158.4
步骤五:化合物7的合成
将化合物6(180mg,0.156mmol,1.0eq)和溶于DMF(3mL)中,降温到零摄氏度后加入二乙胺(0.3mL),加料完毕后,反应液在零摄氏度条件下搅拌半个小时。LC-MS监测反应完全后,有机相浓缩去除二乙胺,取醋酸(420mg)溶于少量DMF中加入反应体系摇匀,反应体系直接压入反相纯化(0.1% HCOOH/水/乙腈=7/3)纯化得到化合物7(120mg,81%)为白色固体。LCMS:[M+H]+=936.2
步骤六:化合物9的合成
将化合物7(230mg,0.2458mmol,1.0eq),化合物8(113.6mg,0.3690mmol,1.5eq)溶于异丙醇:水=3:2(10mL)中,加料完毕后,反应液在室温条件下搅拌16小时。LC-MS监测反应完全后,反应液通过Prep-HPLC(0.1% FA水/乙腈=7/3)纯化得到化合物9(85mg,31%)为白色固体。LCMS:[M+H]+=1129.3
步骤七:化合物FD-LP1的合成
将化合物9(85mg,0.0753mmol,1.0eq)和化合物10(107mg,0.1129mmol,1.5eq)溶于叔丁醇:水=1:1(10mL)中,加入L-抗坏血酸钠(74mg,0.3764mmol,5.0eq)和五水硫酸铜(56mg,0.2258mmol,3.0eq),加料完毕后,反应液在氮气氛围下室温条件下搅拌1小时。LC-MS监测反应完全后,直接通过Prep-HPLC(0.1% FA水/乙腈=7/3)纯化得到化合物FD-LP1(100mg,64%)为淡黄色固体。LCMS:[M/2+H]+=1041.5(半峰)
实施例4连接子-Topo1抑制剂化合物A9(FD-LP5)的合成
步骤一:化合物3的合成
25℃下,将化合物1(1g,2.70mmol)溶解在无水二氯甲烷(50mL)中,加入化合物2(1.46g,8.10mmol),然后加入PPTS(0.34g,1.35mmol),在45℃搅拌反应16小时,减压浓缩得到粗产品,粗产品通过正向硅胶柱纯化(乙酸乙酯:石油醚=0%-100%)得到化合物3(1g,66.67%)白色固体。MS m/z(ESI):511.1(M+Na)+.
步骤二:化合物4的合成
25℃下,将化合物3(1g,2.04mmol)溶于乙醇(20mL)和乙酸乙酯(10mL),加入钯碳(1.18g,10%含量),氢气置换三次,保持氢气氛围,室温反应2小时,反应液过滤,浓缩,浓缩物经Prep-HPLC(水/乙腈)纯化,冻干得到化合物4(0.55g,62.16%)白色固体。MS m/z(ESI):421.1(M+23)+.
步骤三:化合物6的合成
25℃下,将化合物4(550mg,1.38mmol)溶于DMF(10mL)溶液中,在冰浴下加入化合物5(462mg,1.79mmol)和HATU(605mg,2.07mmol),N,N-二异丙基乙胺(411mg,4.14mmol).将所得反应混合物在冰浴下搅拌1小时.减压浓缩有机相得到粗品,粗产品通过正向硅胶柱纯化(乙酸乙酯:石油醚=0%-100%)得到产品化合物6(277mg,28.83%白色固体)。MS m/z(ESI):816.2(M+1)+.
步骤四:化合物7的合成
25℃下,将化合物6(277mg,0.34mmol)溶于DMF(20mL)中,在室温下加入反应混合物二乙胺(2mL),反应在室温下搅拌0.5小时.减压浓缩,,浓缩物经Prep-HPL(水/乙腈)纯化,冻干得到化合物化合物7(138mg,62.03%)白色固体。MS m/z(ESI):594.2(M+1)+.
步骤五:化合物9的合成
25℃下,将化合物7(120mg,0.15mmol)溶于DMF(10mL)溶液中,在冰浴下加入化合物8(116mg,0.15mmol)和HATU(92mg,0.18mmol),N,N-二异丙基乙胺(80mg,0.45mmol).将所得反应混合物在冰浴下搅拌1小时.反应液物经Prep-HPL(1%FA水/乙腈)纯化,冻干得到化合物9(80mg,31.09%)白色固体。MS m/z(ESI):1143.2(M+1)+.
步骤六:化合物FD-LP5的合成
将化合物9(80mg,0.066mmol)和化合物10(100mg,0.10mmol)溶于叔丁醇/水(10/1,11mL)混合溶液中,然后氮气保护下依次加入L-抗坏血酸钠(69mg,0.34mmol)和五水硫酸铜(52mg,0.21mmol)。反应液在20摄氏度氮气保护下搅拌0.5小时,反应通过LCMS进行检测。反应完成后,反应液经Prep-HPLC(0.1%甲酸水/乙腈)纯化,冻干得到化合物FD-LP5(10mg,7%)为白色固体。LCMS(ESI)[1/2M+H]+=1048.1
实施例5连接子-Topo1抑制剂化合物A10(FD-LP6)的合成
步骤一:化合物2的合成
在冰浴下,将化合物1(10.0g,0.0497mol,1.0eq)溶于乙酸(60mL)中,再缓慢加入浓硝酸(20mL,con.),反应液在零摄氏度条件下搅拌1小时。LC-MS监测反应完全后,将反应液倒入冰水中,黄色固体析出,过滤后将滤饼干燥得到化合物2(12.0g,纯度90%,88%)为黄色固体。LCMS:[M+H]+=245.9
步骤二:化合物4的合成
将化合物2(5.0g,0.0203mol,1.0eq)和化合物3(1.7g,0.0244mol,1.2eq)溶于DMF(60mL)中,加入CuI(0.8g,0.0041mol,0.2eq),双三苯基磷二氯化钯(2.1g,0.0030mol,0.15eq)和三乙胺(10.3g,0.1015mol,5.0eq),混合液在50摄氏度下反应4小时。LC-MS监测反应完全后,用乙酸乙酯萃取,收集有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥。再浓缩经柱层析分离提纯(PE:EA=1:1)得到化合物4(4g,纯度85%,71%)为棕色固体。LCMS:[M+H]+=236.1
步骤三:化合物5的合成
冰浴下,将化合物4(4.0g,0.0170mol,1.0eq)溶于EtOH:H2O=7:1(80mL)中,加入硫化钠水合物(1.2g,0.0051mol,0.3eq)和锡粉(4.0g,0.0340mol,2.0eq),再缓慢滴加浓盐酸(7mL,0.0850mol,5eq),混合液在55摄氏度下反应1小时。LC-MS监测反应完全后,将反应液趁热在硅藻土上抽滤,少量乙醇淋洗,合并滤液,滤液浓缩干,加入乙酸乙酯溶解,缓慢稀释入碳酸钠水溶液中,最后调节pH=8,过滤收集滤液,滤液分层,有机相浓缩经柱层析分离提纯(DCM:MeOH=20:1)得到化合物5(1.6g,纯度70%,29%)为棕色固体。LCMS:[M+H]+=224.2
步骤四:化合物7的合成
将化合物5(1.1g,0.0049mol,1.0eq),化合物6(0.9g,0.0034mol,0.7eq)溶于NMP(10mL)中,再加入对甲苯磺酸一水合物(0.93g,0.0049mol,1eq),加料完毕后,反应液在110摄氏度条件下搅拌2小时。LC-MS监测反应完全后,直接浓缩经柱层析分离提纯(DCM:MeOH=1:20)得到化合物7(0.6g,纯度90%,24%)为棕色油状固体。LCMS:[M+H]+=451.1
步骤五:化合物9的合成
冰浴下,将化合物7(600.0mg,1.332mmol,1.0eq),化合物8(2.5g,6.660mmol,5eq)溶于DMF(10mL)中,再加入三氟化硼的乙醚溶液(378.1mg,2.664mmol,2eq),加料完毕后,反应液在30摄氏度条件下搅拌1小时。LC-MS监测反应完全后。加少量冰水淬灭,直接浓缩经柱层析分离提纯(DCM:MeOH=1:20)得到粗品,再经反相柱(0.1% FA水/乙腈=1/1)纯化得到化合物9(400mg,纯度90%,35%)为棕色固体。LCMS:[M+H]+=759.2
步骤六:化合物11的合成
将化合物9(400.0mg,0.5272mmol,1.0eq)溶于DMF(5mL)中,室温下加入二乙胺(462.7mg,6.3264mmol,12.0eq),反应液搅拌0.5个小时。LC-MS监测反应完全后,混合液经反相柱(0.1% FA水/乙腈=9/1)体系下除去多余的二乙胺,再以(水/乙腈=7/3)得到化合物11(307mg,纯度90%,97%)为棕色固体。LCMS:[M+H]+=537.3
步骤七:化合物13的合成
将化合物11(240.0mg,0.4473mmol,1.0eq),化合物12(330.0g,0.5815mmol,1.3eq)溶于DMF(30mL)中,再加入N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-O-(7-氮杂苯并三唑-1-基)六氟磷酸脲(204.1mg,0.5368mmol,1.2eq)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(173.4mg,1.3419mmol,3eq),加料完毕后,反应液在室温条件下搅拌0.5小时。LC-MS监测反应完全后,反应液通过Prep-HPLC(0.1% FA水/乙腈=7/3)纯化得到化合物13(60mg,11%)为黄色固体。LCMS:[M+H]+=1086.3
步骤八:化合物FD-LP6的合成
将化合物13(60.0mg,0.0552mmol,1.0eq)和化合物10(78.9mg,0.0828mmol,1.5eq)溶于叔丁醇:水=1:1(10mL)中,加入L-抗坏血酸钠(54.7mg,0.2760mmol,5.0eq)和五水硫酸铜(41.4mg,0.1656mmol,3.0eq),加料完毕后,反应液在氮气氛围下室温条件下搅拌1小时。LC-MS监测反应完全后,直接通过Prep-HPLC(0.1% FA水/乙腈=7/3)纯化得到化合物FD-LP6(13mg,8%)为黄色固体。
LCMS:[M/2+H]+=1020.2(半峰)
实施例6TF抗体、TF纳米抗体与L1-AN014、TM-4偶联物的制备
靶向TF的单克隆抗体HuSC1-39(来自WO2018/036117Al)重链如SEQ ID NO.10所示,轻链如SEQ ID NO.11所示。
靶向TF的纳米抗体-FC融合蛋白为4A02-FCWT(其中,CDR序列分别如SEQ ID NO.1-3所示,VHH序列如SEQ ID NO.4所示,4A02-FCWT融合蛋白序列如SEQ ID NO.5所示)。
使用G25脱盐柱将抗体原液置换至50mM PB/1.0mM EDTA缓冲液(pH7.0),加入8当量TECP,37℃搅拌2小时,以使抗体链间二硫键完全打开,随后使用磷酸将还原后的抗体溶液pH调至6.0,并将水浴温度降至25℃,以备偶联反应。将按照上述实施例1、实施例2方法制备得到连接子-药物偶联物分别用DMA溶解,从中吸取12当量连接子-药物偶联物逐滴加至还原后的抗体溶液中,并补加DMA至其终浓度为10%(V/V),25℃搅拌反应0.5小时,反应完成后,使用0.22um膜过滤样品。使用切问流超滤系统纯化去除过量偶联小分子,缓冲液为50mM PB/1.0mM EDTA溶液(pH=6.0),纯化后添加终浓度6%蔗糖放置于-20℃冰箱中保存。使用UV法分别在280nm和370nm测定其吸光度值,计算DAR值。
本技术方案中大部分连接子-药物偶联物偶联过程中未产生沉淀,HuSC1-39偶联物ADC的DAR值均为7-8之间,4A02-FCWT偶联物NDC的DAR值均为3.9-4之间。DAR值采用HIC-HPLC,RP-HPLC或LCMS进行测定,通过SEC-HPLC检测偶联物的聚体比例在正常范围(纯度均>90%),表明本发明抗体药物偶联物具有很好溶解性和成药性,偶联过程不发生沉淀。表-1汇总了4款TF-ADC、TF-NDC的制备结果。
表-1:TF-STING ADC/NDC、TF-KRASG12D-抑制剂ADC/NDC的制备结果
实施例7 TF人源化纳米抗体、HER2纳米抗体与连接子-Topo1抑制剂FD-LP1、FD-LP5、FD-LP6偶联物的制备
采用靶向TF人源化纳米抗体-FC融合蛋白4A02-HM8-FCWT(代号FD40,序列如SEQ ID NO.6所示),参照实施例6与FD-LP1、FD-LP5、FD-LP6进行偶联反应,并完成偶联物的纯化,以及分析检测DAR值。
本技术方案中大部分连接子-药物偶联物偶联过程中未产生沉淀,4A02-HM8-FCWT(FD40)偶联物NDC的DAR值均为3.6-3.9之间。DAR值采用HIC-HPLC,RP-HPLC或LCMS进行测定,通过SEC-HPLC检测偶联物的聚体比例在正常范围(纯度均>90%),表明本发明抗体药物偶联物具有很好溶解性和成药性,偶联过程不发生沉淀。表-2汇总了3款TF-NDC的制备结果。
表-2:TF-Topo1抑制剂NDC的制备结果
类似地,采用靶向HER2纳米抗体-FC融合蛋白1-G07-FCWT(序列如SEQ ID NO.7所示),或人源化HER2纳米抗体-FC融合蛋白1-G07-HM1-FCWT、1-G07-HM3-FCWT(序列如SEQ ID NO.8、SEQ ID NO.9所示)参照实施例6与FD-LP5进行偶联反应,并完成偶联物的纯化,以及分析检测DAR值。表-3展示了HER2-Topo1抑制剂NDC的制备结果。
表-3:HER2-Topo1抑制剂NDC的制备结果
实施例8 TF抗体/纳米抗体-L1-AN014偶联物(TF-STING ADC、NDC)的活性检测
实施例所使用细胞系包括三阴性乳腺癌HCC1806、MDA-MB-231,胰腺癌细胞系BxPC-3、HPAF-II,分别购自于美国典型培养物保藏中心(ATCC)、中国科学院细胞库,并按照相应的说明进行培养。人外周血单核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cell,PBMC)冻存管均由江苏西迪尔生物技术有限公司提供。
接种1x104肿瘤细胞(使用PBMC的完全培养基)至96孔板中培养过夜,并单独复苏PBMC于完全培养基中(RPMI1640+10%灭活的FBS+1%青霉素/链霉素+1%丙酮酸钠+1%Glutamax)。次日,加入1x105PBMC(PBMC:肿瘤细胞=10:1)至96孔板中孵育。同时,将受试药物在培养PBMC的完全培养基中按5倍稀释至不同浓度,其中HuSC1-39、4A02-FCWT、HuSC1-39-L1-AN014、4A02-FCWT-L1-AN014均以150μg/mL为起始浓度,AN014、diABZI以1000nM为起始浓度,然后将梯度稀释的受试药物加入上述96孔板中。在37℃培养箱中培养适当时间后,收集细胞上清,使用萤火虫荧光素酶报告基因检测试剂盒或者MTS反应液(MTS粉末购自Promega,货号G1111;PMS粉末购自Sigma,货号P9625)检测肿瘤细胞的存活比例。
另外,基于CXCL10、Interferon-γ(IFN-γ)是STING通路激活的经典标志物,通过ELISA试剂盒检测上述共培养细胞上清中CXCL10(货号EK168,联科生物)和Interferon-γ(货号EK180,联科生物)的表达量,评估TF-STING ADC/NDC对STING通路的激活效果。
如图1所示,在三阴性乳腺癌MDA-MB-231+人PBMC共培养48小时,裸抗体HuSC1-39、4A02-FCWT相比hIgG1均小幅度提高了细胞因子的分泌,而TF-STING ADC/NDC HuSC1-39-L1-AN014、4A02-FCWT-L1-AN014则极强地诱导了趋化因子CXCL10(图1A)、Interferon-γ(图1B)的分泌,EC50值为0.01~0.05nM,由此可见其对STING通路的激活度远高于1000nM diABZI。
如图2所示,在胰腺癌BxPC-3+人PBMC共培养48小时,TF-STING ADC/NDC同样显示了极强的抗肿瘤效果,其中,图2A展示了针对BxPC-3细胞的杀伤EC50<0.0002nM,<0.0004nM;图2B展示了TF-STING ADC/NDC能够极强地诱导分泌Interferon-γ的活性,EC50约为1.12nM,1.21nM.
再如图3至图5所示,在TF高表达的肿瘤细胞+PBMC共培养体系中,TF-STING ADC/NDC相比裸抗显示出更强更有效的肿瘤杀伤活性,其中,针对HCC1806细胞在24小时的杀伤EC50为0.014~0.066μg/mL(图3),针对MDA-MB-231细胞在48小时的杀伤EC50约为0.0015μg/mL(图4),针对HPAF-II细胞72小时的杀伤EC50约为0.01μg/mL(图5)。
在体内实验中,将处于对数生长期5x106HPAF-II细胞接种到6周龄Balb/c雌性裸鼠背部(Balb/c裸鼠购自上海西普尔-必凯实验动物有限公司),待肿瘤生长至150-200mm3后将动物随机分组给药,每组8个肿瘤。如图6所示,相比溶媒组或单独小分子荷载治疗组,给予3mg/kg 4A02-FCWT-L1-AN014(每周1次共2次)能显著抑制肿瘤生长。
实施例9 TF抗体/纳米抗体-TM-4偶联物(TF-KRASG12D抑制剂ADC/NDC)的活性检测
实施例所使用细胞系HPAF-II购自于中国科学院细胞库。将上述处于对数生长期的细胞,分别以每孔1000~2000个细胞的密度接种至96孔细胞培养板中,150μL/孔,37℃,5% CO2培养约5小时后,分别加入不同浓度的TF-ADC/NDCs(15μg/mL~0.00019μg/mL),每个药物浓度设置2-4个复孔,及相应的溶媒对照和空白对照孔,培养数天后(根据细胞生长速度,保证细胞分裂足够次数),倾去培养液,加入MTS反应液(购自Promega,货号G3581),100μL/孔,于37℃反应至预期颜色深浅,测定每组的细胞活力(OD490nm),并按照以下公式计算细胞存活率:存活率=(OD给药-OD空白)/(OD对照-OD空白)×100%。通过GraphPad Prism 8软件分析上述数据,并分别计算上述TF-NDC在不同细胞株上的IC50值。
用KRASG12D突变型胰腺癌HPAF-II细胞株验证TF-KRASG12D抑制剂ADC/NDC的体外效果。将处于对数生长期的细胞接种至96孔细胞培养板中,分别加入梯度稀释的HuSC1-39-TM-4、4A02-FCWT-TM-4(15μg/mL~0.00019μg/mL,n=3),培养6天后倾去培养液,加入MTS反应液(购自Promega,Cat#G3581),测定每组的细胞活力(OD490nm)。
如图7所示,HuSC1-39-TM-4(DAR=7.56)、4A02-FCWT-TM-4(DAR=3.98)呈剂量依赖性地抑制了HPAF-II的细胞增殖,IC50值分别0.0795μg/mL、0.0594μg/mL。
在体内实验中,将5x106HPAF-II细胞接种到6周龄Balb/c雌性裸鼠背部,待第6天肿瘤生长至150-200mm3后将动物随机分组给药,每组8个肿瘤。如图8所示,相比溶媒组或裸抗HuSC1-39治疗组,给予10mg/kg HuSC1-39-TM-4(第6、13、16天)能显著抑制肿瘤生长。
实施例10 TF纳米抗体-Topo1抑制剂偶联物(TF-Topo1抑制剂NDC)的体外抗肿瘤活性
参照实施例9的体外抗肿瘤活性检测方法。将处于对数生长期的MDA-453、HPAF-II、BxPC3、HCC1806、MDA-231、NCI-H1373细胞,分别以每孔1000~3000个细胞的密度接种至96孔细胞培养板中,150μL/孔,37℃,5% CO2培养约5小时后,分别加入不同浓度的TF-NDC FD40-GGFG-Dxd、FD40-LP1、FD40-LP5、FD40-LP6(15μg/mL~0.00019μg/mL),6天后倾去培养液,加入MTS反应液(购自Promega,cat#G3581),测定每组的细胞活力(OD490nm)。
如图9所示,FD40-GGFG-Dxd(DAR=4.0)、FD40-LP1(DAR=3.9)、FD40-LP5(DAR=3.9)、FD40-LP6(DAR=3.8)呈剂量依赖性地抑制了TF-高表达细胞株HPAF-II、BxPC3、HCC1806、MDA-231、NCI-H1373的细胞增殖,IC50值区间为0.0004μg/mL~0.0176μg/mL,而对TF-阴性细胞株MDA-453IC50值区间为4.5μg/mL~5.1μg/mL。由此可知,在体外增值实验中,本发明制备的TF-Topo1抑制剂NDCs均展示了呈TF靶点依赖的肿瘤细胞杀伤效果。
实施例11 TF纳米抗体-Topo1抑制剂偶联物(TF-Topo1抑制剂NDC)的体内药效肺癌NCI-H1373体内模型:将5x106NCI-H1373细胞接种到6周龄Balb/c雌性裸鼠背部,待第8天肿瘤生长至~200mm3后将动物随机分组,每组10个肿瘤。给药每周1次共2次(第8、15天)。如图10所示相比hIgG1-MMAE对照组,给予10mg/kg FD40-GGFG-Dxd(DAR=4.0)、FD40-LP1(DAR=3.9)、FD40-LP5(DAR=3.9)、FD40-LP6(DAR=3.8),能显著抑制肿瘤生长。在实验第32天(停药17天),FD40-LP5、FD40-LP6保持了优异的抑瘤效果。FD40-LP1(P<0.001)相比FD40-GGFG-Dxd(P=0.06),治疗效果也有一定的提高。
胰腺癌HPAF-II体内模型:将5x106HPAF-II细胞接种到6周龄Balb/c雌性裸鼠背部,待第7天肿瘤生长至~150mm3后将动物随机分组给药,每组10个肿瘤,给药共一次。如图11所示相比hIgG1-MMAE对照组,给予10mg/kg FD40-LP1、FD40-LP5、FD40-LP6,能显著抑制肿瘤生长。FD40-LP5、FD40-LP6的治疗效果优于FD40-LP1。
类似的胰腺癌HPAF-II体内模型:待第6天肿瘤生长至~200mm3后将动物随机分组给药,每组10个肿瘤,给药共一次。如图12所示,相比给予10mg/kg FD40-GGFG-Dxd,给予FD40-LP5(10mg/kg、5mg/kg、2.5mg/kg)均显示了更优异的抗肿瘤治疗效果。
三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)HCC1806模型:将处于对数生长期的HCC1806细胞按照每200μL无血清培养基含3×106的密度接种到6周龄Balb/c雌性裸鼠的乳垫,待肿瘤生长至200mm3后将动物随机分组,每组10个肿瘤,给药共一次。如图13所示,给予10mg/kg、5mg/kg、2.5mg/kg FD40-LP5的治疗组均显示了优异或良好的肿瘤治疗效果。
实施例12 HER2纳米抗体-Topo1抑制剂偶联物(1-G07-LP5)的体外和体内药效以及肿瘤组织基因转录组分析
参照实施例9的体外抗肿瘤活性检测方法,将处于对数生长期的NCI-N87(2000个细胞/孔)、HCC1954细胞(1000个细胞/孔)接种至96孔细胞培养板中,150μL/孔,37℃,5% CO2培养约5小时后,分别加入浓度梯度稀释的DS-8201/T-Dxd(曲妥珠单抗-GGFG-Dxd,DAR=8)、1-G07-GGFG-Dxd(DAR=3.9)、1-G07-LP5(DAR=3.4),6天后倾去培养液,加入MTS反应液(购自Promega,cat#G3581),测定每组的细胞活力(OD490nm)。结果如图14A(NCI-N87)、图14B(HCC1954)所示,在NCI-N87细胞的检测中,1-G07-LP5、1-G07-GGFG-Dxd的IC50值分别为1.064μg/mL、~10μg/mL,在HCC1954细胞的检测中,1-G07-LP5、1-G07-GGFG-Dxd的IC50值分别为0.58μg/mL、1.39μg/mL,提示1-G07-LP5的体外抗肿瘤活性高于1-G07-GGFG-Dxd。
参照实施例11的体内药效检测方法,将200μL含有5×106NCI-N87细胞PBS、基质胶(PBS:标准浓度基质胶=1:1)混悬液接种至雌性裸小鼠(Balb/c nude,5-6周龄)侧背部皮下。待肿瘤体积达到约400mm3时(第16天),根据肿瘤体积大小及裸鼠体重随机分组(n=8),分别采用5mg/kg T-Dxd(DAR=8)、5mg/kg 1-G07-LP5(DAR=3.4)的剂量,尾静脉给药共二次(第16天、第23天),同时设置hIgG1-vc-MMAE为阴性对照。结果如图15所示,相比对照组,5mg/kg T-Dxd(DAR=8)抑制了肿瘤生长,而5mg/kg 1-G07-LP5(DAR=3.4)导致了明显的肿瘤缩小,两组之间的药效差别具统计学意义(p<0.05)。
实施例13 HER2-NDC 1-G07-LP5、TF-NDC FD40-LP5在裸鼠颅内肿瘤模型中的治疗效果
建立NCI-N87颅内模型用于检测1-G07-LP5。将NCI-N87-luc细胞用PBS重悬并调整浓度为1×108/mL,微量进样器吸入5μL细胞(5×105个)用于接种。选用6-7周龄雌性Balb/c nude小鼠,使用阿佛丁麻醉后,固定在脑立体定位仪上。以小鼠头部前囟为中心,移动微量进样针向右2mm,向上0.6mm,用三棱针钻透头骨后,向下进针4mm,向上提1mm,匀速注入肿瘤细胞。将颅骨针孔处封上骨蜡,最后将头皮缝合。待9天后,腹腔注射D-luciferin(150mg/kg),通过小动物荧光/CT活体成像系统采集活体荧光图像并统计脑部荧光信号强度。根据荧光信号强度(Radiance(p/sec/cm2/sr)和小鼠体重进行分组。设置溶媒对照组、5mg/kg 1-G07-LP5组、5mg/kg T-Dxd组,尾静脉给药,并在相隔一周后进行第二次给药,共给药2次。每1-2周用小动物荧光/CT活体成像系统采集活体荧光图像并统计脑部荧光信号强度(Radiance(p/sec/cm2/sr))及裸鼠体重,以绘制肿瘤生长曲线。结果如图16所示,相比溶媒组,T-Dxd组完全抑制了颅内肿瘤的生长,而1-G07-LP5组导致了肿瘤几乎完全消退,治疗效果明显优于T-Dxd。
建立HCC1806颅内模型用于检测FD40-LP5。参照上述建模和实验方法,用微量进样器向颅内匀速注入5μL HCC1806-luc细胞(5×105个)。7天后根据荧光信号强度和小鼠体重进行随机分组(n=4)。设置hIgG1-MMAE、5mg/kg FD40-LP5(DAR=3.9),尾静脉给药,共给药1次。每周用小动物荧光/CT活体成像系统采集活体荧光图像并统计脑部荧光信号强度及裸鼠体重。结果如图17所示,相比hIgG1-MMAE组,5mg/kg FD40-LP5完全抑制了肿瘤生长或导致部分消退。
实施例14 HER2-NDC、TF-NDC在小鼠体内的药代动力学检测
血清样品采集:将按照HER2-NDC 1mg/kg 1-G07-GGFG-Dxd、1mg/kg 1-G07-LP5的药物分别经尾静脉注射到8周龄雌性Balb/c小鼠体内。在给药后0min,5min,30min,4h,8h,24h,48h,72h,96h,120h、168h、192h的时间点眼眶采取约100μL血液。将血液在常温静置30min后,放置4℃静置3~4h,置1500rpm离心15min,收集上层血清。ELISA检测抗体偶联物浓度:用包被液将抗Dxd抗体(Abmax Biotechnology,Cat#05-0191-L,其对LP5亲和力与Dxd类似)稀释成2.5μg/mL,包被在ELISA板上,100μL/孔,封板膜封板后4℃过夜。去除未结合的抗原,加入PBS配置的3% BSA封闭液,200μL/孔,室温封闭2h。去除封闭液,加入3倍梯度稀释的待测血清样品,并同时加入3倍梯度稀释的标准样品(333.33ng/mL起始),100μL/孔,室温孵育2h。去除未结合的抗体,加入按照1:8000稀释的HRP标记的二抗,100μL/孔,室温孵育1h。去除未结合二抗,加入TMB显色液,150μL/孔,室温避光显色约5min。加入ELISA终止液,50μL/孔,终止显色反应。测定450nm波长下的OD值,并分析计算血清中药物浓度。将得到的不同时间点的血清中的药物浓度代入到Phoenix软件中,使用非房室模型分析药物浓度-时间的相关参数。结果如图18显示,在1mg/kg静脉给药后,1-G07-GGFG、1-G07-LP5呈现的Cmax均值分别为18.6μg/mL、17.5μg/mL,T1/2均值分别为34.6h、35.9h,AUC0-t均值分别为380.5h*μg/mL、456.3h*μg/mL,MRTlast均值分别为33.9h、43.1h。由该结果可以看出,LP5相对GGFG-Dxd在体内循环系统的稳定性有一定的提升。
类似的,按照TF-NDC 1mg/kg FD40-GGFG-Dxd、1mg/kg 1-FD40-LP5的药物分别经尾静脉注射到8周龄雌性Balb/c小鼠体内。在给药后0min,5min,30min,4h,8h,24h,48h,72h,96h,120h、168h、192h的时间点眼眶采取约100μL血液,处理后用于检测分析。结果如图19显示,在1mg/kg静脉给药后,FD40-GGFG-Dxd、FD40-LP5呈现的Cmax均值分别为16.5μg/mL、16.75μg/mL,T1/2均值分别为45.56h、52.29h,AUC0-t均值分别为272.88h*μg/mL、531.75h*μg/mL,MRTlast均值分别为34.92h、49.12h。由该结果可以看出,LP5相对GGFG-Dxd在体内循环系统的稳定性有明显的提升。
实施例15 TF-NDC FD40-LP5、TF-ADC在体外血脑屏障(BBB)模型的渗透性
本实施例所使用的细胞来来源于武汉普诺赛生命科技有限公司,并按照相应说明培养细胞,包括C8-D1A和b.End3。体外BBB模型的建立:将直径6.5mm、孔径3μm的小室(6.5mm,Corning,Cat#3415)用100μg/mL鼠尾I型胶原蛋白于37℃条件下包被1h。将小鼠脑星形胶质细胞C8-D1A用DMEM/F12完全培养基重悬。将24孔板和小室倒置,滴加50μL C8-D1A细胞悬液至小室底部,最终细胞密度为1×105cells/cm2。将24孔板底部作为盖子盖上,放置培养箱孵育3h。将小室和24孔板回正,补全培养基,继续培养48h。将小鼠微血管内皮细胞b.End3用DMEM/F12完全培养基重悬。在小室的上层加入100μL b.End3细胞悬液,最终细胞密度为2×105cells/cm2。放置培养箱孵育5h后,补全培养基,继续培养96h。通过0.2%结晶紫染色,确认小室铺满细胞。
渗透率检测:去除培养基,在小室下方加入700μL新鲜培养基。在小室上方加入100μg/mL的不同药物,放置于培养箱孵育。在6h和24h时,收集120μL小室下方培养基,并及时补充120μL新鲜培养基。对于TF-NDC、TF-ADC药物,采用ELISA检测抗体浓度。
结果如图20所示,在6h和24h时两个时间点,FD40-LP5的BBB穿透率均为TF-ADC HuSC1-39-MMAE的约2倍。
实施例16 FD40-LP5放大批次偶联物制备和稳定性检测
在实施例7的基础上,通过调整优化偶联反应和偶联物纯化条件,对FD40-LP5进行了放大批量制备。采用860mg FD40抗体进行偶联反应,TECP/抗体摩尔比=2.8,LP5/抗体摩尔比为7.0,有机溶剂DMA为10%,反应条件22℃还原18h,22℃偶联0.5h。偶联物总体得率81%,DAR=4.0,单体比例97.39,残留小分子比例<0.06%。图21展示了FD40-LP5偶联物放大批次的SEC、LC-MS检测数据。
采用本批次FD40-LP5偶联物,开展反复冻融稳定性和热稳定性检测。结果如表-4显示,FD40-LP5偶联物具有优异的冻融稳定性以及优异的热稳定性。
表-4:FD40-LP5偶联物稳定性检测结果
实施例17 FD40-LP5的食蟹猴探索性安全评估
采用食蟹猴2只(雌雄各一只),单次静脉输注给予10mg/kg FD40-LP5,后连续观察21天,第22天再次静脉输注给予30mg/kg FD40-LP5,再次连续观察21天(总42天)。结果显示在各给药剂量下,动物临床状态未见明显药物相关性改变,在摄食、体重指标观察到轻微及可逆性波动。
如图22显示,试验期间尤其高剂量下,动物体重显示轻微及可逆性下降(5-10%)。
如图23显示,在各给药剂量下,动物的血凝指标未见明显的药物相关性改变。
如图24显示,在各给药剂量下,动物的血生化指标未见明显的药物相关性改变。
如图25显示,在各给药剂量下,动物的血液学指标未见明显的药物相关性改变。
实施例18 FD40-GGFG-Dxd、FD40-LP5在食蟹猴体内的药代动力学(TK)检测
K2477试验:采用食蟹猴2只(雌雄各一只),单次静脉输注给予10mg/kg FD40-GGFG-Dxd(编号为10mg/kg剂量组),第22天再次静脉输注给予30mg/kg FD40-GGFG-Dxd(编号为30mg/kg剂量组)。在每次给药前,给药后5min、1h、8h、24h、48h、72h、96h、120h、168h、240h、336h和504h从前肢静脉或后肢静脉取血制备血清。参照实施例14的方法进行药代动力学检测。
K2504试验:采用食蟹猴2只(雌雄各一只),单次静脉输注给予10mg/kg FD40-LP5(编号为10mg/kg剂量组),第22天再次静脉输注给予30mg/kg FD40-LP5(编号为30mg/kg剂量组)。在每次给药前,给药后5min、1h、8h、24h、48h、72h、96h、120h、168h、240h、336h和504h从前肢静脉或后肢静脉取血制备血清。
参照实施例14的方法进行药代动力学检测。结果如图26显示,在10mg/kg静脉给药后,FD40-GGFG-Dxd、FD40-LP5呈现的AUC0-t均值分别为4725.19h*μg/mL、7527.15h*μg/mL,在30mg/kg静脉给药后,FD40-GGFG-Dxd、FD40-LP5呈现的AUC0-t均值分别为14822.3h*μg/mL、24615.3h*μg/mL。由该结果可以看出,LP5相对GGFG-Dxd在食蟹猴体内循环系统的稳定性有明显的提升。
综上,相关实施例的研究明确表明:
1、用本发明的新连接子A制备的TF-STING ADC/NDC在三阴性乳腺癌、胰腺癌模型中通过激活STING信号通路,促进肿瘤-免疫细胞相互作用,诱导CXCL10、IFN的分泌,从而发挥优异的抗肿瘤效果。
2、用本发明的新连接子A制备的TF-KRASG12D-I ADC/NDC在KRASG12D突变的胰腺癌模型中具有良好的抗肿瘤效果。
3、用本发明的新连接子A制备的TF-Topo1抑制剂NDC在KRASG12C突变的肺癌模型、KRASG12D突变的胰腺癌模型以及三阴性乳腺癌模型中均具有良好的抗肿瘤效果。
4、用本发明的新连接子A制备的HER2-Topo1抑制剂NDC在胃癌模型中具有良好的抗肿瘤效果,并且优于trastuzumab-deruxtecan(T-Dxd)。
5、在颅内肿瘤模型中,新连接子A制备的TF-NDC、HER2-NDC具有良好的BBB穿透力,对颅内肿瘤具有良好的抗肿瘤效果,并且优于trastuzumab-deruxtecan(T-Dxd)。
6、在头对头对比的小鼠药代实验中,新连接子A制备的HER2-NDC、TF-NDC相比已知连接子(GGFG-Dxd)具有更高的体内半衰期和血浆暴露量。类似的,在食蟹猴体内毒理代谢(TK)检测中,FD40-LP5的平均血浆暴露量显著高于FD40-GGFG-Dxd。
7、本发明的新连接子A可应用性广,适用偶联不同靶点的抗体、纳米抗体,以及不同作用机理的荷载化合物。
8、用本发明新连接子A制备NDC/ADC的偶联纯化技术稳定,利于产业化流程。
9、用本发明的新连接子A制备的FD40-LP5具有极高的成药性,显示优异的水溶性、均一性、反复冻融稳定性和热稳定性。
10、用本发明的新连接子A制备的FD40-LP5在食蟹猴探索性毒理评估研究中显示了良好的安全性。
本发明的TF纳米抗体、HER2纳米抗体、TF单克隆抗体序列
SEQ ID NO.1:4-A02 CDR1 ETISSTYI
SEQ ID NO.2:4-A02 CDR2 ISGDGVTH
SEQ ID NO.3:4-A02 CDR3 YAAGRWNH
SEQ ID NO.4:4A02 VHH
SEQ ID NO.5:4A02-FCWT
SEQ ID NO.6:4A02-HM8-FCWT

SEQ ID NO.7:1-G07-FCWT
SEQ ID NO.8:1-G07-HM1-FCWT
SEQ ID NO.9:1-G07-HM3-FCWT
SEQ ID NO.10:HuSC1-39 VH
SEQ ID NO.11:HuSC1-39 VL
在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考,就如同每一篇文献被单独引用作为参考那样。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明的上述讲授内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种化合物或其立体异构体或其药学上可接受的盐,所述化合物具有如式A所示的结构:
    式中,
    Q为用于与抗体进行连接的接头基团;
    Z1包含含有Y个羟基的葡萄糖基;
    s为0-10的整数;
    n为1-24的整数;
    r为0-10的整数;
    X为连接基团;
    P1为多肽残基;
    P2为化学键或AA-PAB结构;其中,AA为二肽或三肽或四肽片断(即2-4个氨基酸通过肽键连接形成的片段),PAB为对-氨基苄基氨甲酰基;
    D为药物。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述化合物或其立体异构体或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,所述接头基团Q选自:

    其中A表示任选取代的C3-C8亚烷基、C3-C8链烯基、C3-C8炔基、C3-C6环烯基、C3-C8环烷基、任选取代的二甘醇至八甘醇酰基,Ar表示任意取代的C5-C6芳基或杂芳基基团,“*”表示-C=O-与氨基形成酰氨键。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述化合物或其立体异构体或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,所述P1选自下组:
    NH-Val-Cit-C=ONH-Val-Ala-C=ONH-Ala-Ala-Ala-C=ONH-Ala-Ala-C=O
    NH-Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly-C=ONH-Val-Lys-C=O
  4. 根据权利要求1所述化合物或其立体异构体或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,所述X选自
  5. 如权利要求1所述化合物或其立体异构体或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,所述Z1的结构选自下组:
  6. 根据权利要求1所述化合物或其立体异构体或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,所述D为细胞毒类小分子药物,选自下组:STING激动剂、KRAS-G12D抑制剂、微管蛋白抑制剂、拓扑异构酶抑制剂、DNA结合剂。
  7. 如权利要求1所述化合物或其立体异构体或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,所述式A的结构选自下组:



  8. 一种抗体药物偶联物(ADC),其特征在于,所述的抗体药物偶联物为如权利要求1所述的式A化合物与抗体偶联形成的抗体药物偶联物(ADC)。
  9. 如权利要求8所述抗体药物偶联物,其特征在于,所述偶联物如式B所示:
    其中:
    Ab为抗体;
    L为连接子;
    D为药物;
    n为1至10的整数或小数。
  10. 如权利要求8所述抗体药物偶联物,其特征在于,所述抗体包括抗原结合片段、纳米抗体、嵌合抗体、二价抗体、和/或多价抗体。
  11. 如权利要求8所述抗体药物偶联物,所述抗体或纳米抗体或其融合蛋白靶向选自下组的靶点:TF、HER2、EGFR、HER3、BCMA、B7-H3、CD73、AXL、DLL3、CD38、CD123、CD19、CD20、CD22、B7-H6、GPC3、PMSA、CD28、4-1BB、OX40、CD40、CD27、CD3、CTLA4、PD1、PDL1、BCMA、Trop2、TIGIT、LAG-3、TLR7,或其组合。
  12. 如权利要求8所述抗体药物偶联物,所述抗体为靶向TF的抗体或纳米抗体或其融合蛋白。
  13. 如权利要求12所述抗体药物偶联物,所述靶向TF纳米的抗体或纳米抗体的抗原结合片段具有如SEQ ID NO.1所示的CDR1、如SEQ ID NO.2所示的CDR2、如SEQ ID NO.3所示的CDR3。
  14. 一种抗体药物偶联物,其特征在于:所述抗体药物偶联物包含式(B)所示结构:
    其中:其中Q为可与抗体偶联的接头基团;Z1为亲水性基团,包括羟基,含有氨基的葡萄糖基;X为连接基团;P1为多肽残基;P2为直接键或对氨基苯甲酸酯(PABC)基团;D为抗肿瘤药物;n为1~24的整数,Ab为抗体或纳米抗体融合蛋白,m=1-8。
  15. 一种药物组合物,其包括(a)如权利要求8或14所述的抗体药物偶联物或其药学上可接受的盐,和(b)药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂。
  16. 一种如权利要求8或14所述的抗体药物偶联物或其药学上可接受的盐,或者包含所述的偶联物或其药学上可接受的盐的药物组合物在制备抗肿瘤或治疗癌症的药物中的用途。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的用途,其特征在于,所述的癌症选自下组:肺癌、肝癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、非霍奇金淋巴瘤,霍奇金淋巴瘤,急性淋巴细胞性白血病,间变性大细胞淋巴瘤,多发性骨髓瘤,前列腺癌、非小细胞肺癌、小细胞肺癌、恶性黑色素瘤、鳞状细胞癌、胶质母细胞瘤、肾细胞癌、胃肠道肿瘤、胰腺癌、结直肠癌、胃癌、神经胶质瘤、间皮瘤。
  18. 权利要求8或14所述的抗体药物偶联物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括步骤:
    (1)用抗体与还原试剂在缓冲液中反应,得到经还原后的抗体;
    (2)用式A所示化合物与步骤(1)中得到的经还原后的抗体在缓冲液与有机溶剂混合液中进行交联(偶联),得到抗体-药物偶联物B。
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