WO2025201564A1 - 一种基于多运动模型交互的车辆gnss定位方法 - Google Patents

一种基于多运动模型交互的车辆gnss定位方法

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WO2025201564A1
WO2025201564A1 PCT/CN2025/088907 CN2025088907W WO2025201564A1 WO 2025201564 A1 WO2025201564 A1 WO 2025201564A1 CN 2025088907 W CN2025088907 W CN 2025088907W WO 2025201564 A1 WO2025201564 A1 WO 2025201564A1
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model
carrier
state
sub
time
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French (fr)
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高旺
黄洪
陶贤露
潘树国
赵庆
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Southeast University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/38Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
    • G01S19/39Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/42Determining position
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/38Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
    • G01S19/39Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/42Determining position
    • G01S19/45Determining position by combining measurements of signals from the satellite radio beacon positioning system with a supplementary measurement
    • G01S19/47Determining position by combining measurements of signals from the satellite radio beacon positioning system with a supplementary measurement the supplementary measurement being an inertial measurement, e.g. tightly coupled inertial
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F18/00Pattern recognition
    • G06F18/20Analysing
    • G06F18/25Fusion techniques
    • G06F18/251Fusion techniques of input or preprocessed data
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/01Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/13Receivers
    • G01S19/24Acquisition or tracking or demodulation of signals transmitted by the system
    • G01S19/25Acquisition or tracking or demodulation of signals transmitted by the system involving aiding data received from a cooperating element, e.g. assisted GPS
    • G01S19/254Acquisition or tracking or demodulation of signals transmitted by the system involving aiding data received from a cooperating element, e.g. assisted GPS relating to Doppler shift of satellite signals
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/01Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/13Receivers
    • G01S19/35Constructional details or hardware or software details of the signal processing chain
    • G01S19/37Hardware or software details of the signal processing chain
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/38Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
    • G01S19/39Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/393Trajectory determination or predictive tracking, e.g. Kalman filtering
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/38Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
    • G01S19/39Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/396Determining accuracy or reliability of position or pseudorange measurements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/38Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
    • G01S19/39Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/52Determining velocity
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F18/00Pattern recognition
    • G06F18/20Analysing
    • G06F18/24Classification techniques
    • G06F18/243Classification techniques relating to the number of classes
    • G06F18/2433Single-class perspective, e.g. one-against-all classification; Novelty detection; Outlier detection
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F18/00Pattern recognition
    • G06F18/20Analysing
    • G06F18/25Fusion techniques
    • G06F18/254Fusion techniques of classification results, e.g. of results related to same input data
    • G06F18/256Fusion techniques of classification results, e.g. of results related to same input data of results relating to different input data, e.g. multimodal recognition
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/15Vehicle, aircraft or watercraft design
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/14Force analysis or force optimisation, e.g. static or dynamic forces
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40Engine management systems

Definitions

  • An interactive multi-model is introduced, and a heuristic position-velocity filtering HPV-IMM model based on the interactive multi-model is established.
  • the HPV-IMM model predicts and measures the state estimation vector and error covariance matrix of the carrier at the current moment based on the PCV model and PCSAV model according to the state estimation vector and state transfer matrix of the PCV model and PCSAV model at the previous moment, and obtains the carrier state vector and error covariance matrix of the PCV model and PCSAV model at the current moment after measurement update; the carrier state vector and error covariance matrix of the PCV model and PCSAV model at the current moment after measurement update are fused to obtain the state estimation vector and error covariance matrix of the carrier at the current moment, and the position and velocity of the carrier at the current moment are obtained based on the state estimation vector of the carrier at the current moment.
  • X PCV [x, y, z, V x , V y , V z ];
  • the state transfer matrix of the carrier is expressed as:
  • X PCV represents the state vector to be estimated in the PCV model
  • ⁇ (T) represents the carrier angular velocity at time T
  • H represents the transformation matrix from the ECEF system to the ENU system.
  • the interactive multi-HPV-IMM model includes a state interactive input module, a state prediction module, an innovation outlier detection module, a measurement update module, and an overall output interactive module.
  • the state prediction module is based on the initialization state vector and the error covariance matrix Predict the motion state of the i-sub-model carrier from time k to time k+1, and obtain the state prediction vector of the i-sub-model carrier from time k to time k+1 and the error covariance matrix
  • the innovation outlier detection module predicts the vector according to the state of the i-submodel carrier. and the error covariance matrix Calculate the new information sequence of sub-model i at time k+1
  • the measurement update module includes measurement update and sub-model probability update.
  • the measurement update is based on the state prediction vector of the i sub-model carrier.
  • Error covariance matrix Innovation sequence Perform measurement update to obtain the state vector after measurement update of the i-submodel carrier and the error covariance matrix
  • the probability update of the sub-model is to calculate the similarity between the i-sub-model and the current carrier motion state, and obtain the posterior probability of the i-sub-model.
  • the position and velocity of the carrier at time k+1 are obtained based on the state estimation vector of the carrier at time k+1.
  • the i sub-model carrier initializes the state vector and the error covariance matrix Expressed as:
  • transition probability of represents the probability of the sub-model after the interaction in the input interaction module, through the prior transfer probability matrix ⁇ and the model posterior probability Calculated, the transition probability matrix is set to
  • Describe the state transfer matrix of the i-submodel carrier at time k+1 represents the process noise matrix of sub-model i at time k+1.
  • observation value gross errors refer to the observation values in the observation values whose errors are greater than a set threshold.
  • the i sub-model carrier measures the updated state vector and the error covariance matrix Expressed as:
  • I represents the identity matrix (the main diagonal elements are 1), represents the coefficient matrix of sub-model i at time k+1; represents the Kalman gain
  • the weighted fusion and the error covariance matrix That is, the state estimation vector and error covariance matrix of the carrier at time k+1 are expressed as:
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the interactive multi-model proposed in the present invention fully considers the importance of the kinematic model for GNSS vehicle navigation and positioning, and based on the principle of full probability, realizes real-time interaction of multiple vehicle kinematic models through the interactive multi-model, solves the problem of low accuracy of the traditional single kinematic model in multi-motion posture vehicle positioning, and is suitable for dynamic navigation of multi-posture vehicle motion in urban environments.
  • Figure 1 shows the heuristic PCV model
  • Figure 2 shows the heuristic PCSAV model
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the interactive multi-model realizing real-time interaction between the PCV model and the PCSAV model in an open scene;
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of the positioning trajectories of the HPV-IMM model and the prior art
  • Figure 6 shows the positioning effect of the HPV-IMM model in a complex environment before and after the application of the MSA-OD algorithm.
  • the present invention provides a vehicle GNSS positioning method based on multi-motion model interaction, comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Establish a heuristic PCV model (position-constant velocity model) and a PCSAV model (position-constant angular velocity model) based on the vehicle's straight-line driving and turning driving postures respectively;
  • dt represents the time interval between adjacent epochs
  • (x, y, z) represents the position of the carrier at a certain moment
  • ( Vx , Vy , Vz ) represents the velocity of the carrier at the position (x, y, z)
  • the state vector usually contains the position and velocity of the carrier at a certain moment
  • the state transfer matrix transfers the state vector from the previous moment to the next moment according to the time interval dt.
  • the heuristic PCSAV model is shown in Figure 2.
  • the carrier When the carrier is in a turning state, it is constrained to the PCSAV model, that is, it is assumed that the carrier's movement speed at time T3 remains unchanged compared to time T2 , and its direction is corrected by the carrier's movement angular velocity at time T2 .
  • the carrier's position at time T3 is predicted by the average speed of the carrier from time T2 to time T3 .
  • the carrier angular velocity at time T that is, the rate of change of the carrier heading, which can be derived from the heading angle ⁇ at the current and previous moments.
  • the heading angle ⁇ can be calculated from the carrier's eastward and northward velocities (V e ,V n ).
  • B and L are the initialization state vectors of PCV or PCSAV model respectively.
  • Step 2 As shown in Figure 3, an interactive multi-model (HPV-IMM model) is established to realize information filtering interaction between the PCV model and the PCSAV model;
  • HPV-IMM model an interactive multi-model
  • pseudorange and Doppler innovation sequences can be considered biased but generally stable data sequences. Sequence outliers caused by gross errors in observations can be effectively identified and eliminated using the MSA-OD algorithm. It is worth noting that during outlier identification, the presence of inter-system bias (ISB) among satellite systems, such as GPS and BeiDou, requires independent analysis of pseudorange innovation sequences from different systems. In contrast, analysis of Doppler sequences does not require this specific consideration.
  • ISB inter-system bias
  • the model measurement update module is included in each independent filter, based on the state prediction vector and its error covariance matrix Innovation sequence
  • the measurement is updated through EKF to obtain the state vector after measurement update and its error covariance
  • I represents the identity matrix (the main diagonal elements are 1).
  • the posterior probability of the submodel is updated by the current epoch and the model likelihood function value. That is, by calculating the similarity between the submodel and the current carrier motion state, the probability that best suits the current submodel is obtained.
  • the pseudorange and Doppler observations theoretically conform to the normal distribution, and their likelihood function values can be expressed as follows:
  • det() means calculating the determinant of the square matrix
  • the submodel posterior probability can be expressed as:
  • the overall interactive output module is used to convert each sub-model state estimation vector and the error covariance matrix According to the posterior probability Perform weighted fusion to obtain the final total output of the HPV-IMM model.
  • the position and velocity of the carrier at time k+1 are obtained, where the error covariance matrix measures the error of the state vector.
  • the HPV-IMM model achieves smoother positioning trajectories and higher positioning accuracy than the RTD model. It also addresses the "jumping" problem of the SPV model in speed measurement.
  • the HPV-IMM model is nearly equivalent to the PV model when the vehicle is traveling on a straight road, achieving comparable positioning and speed measurement accuracy.
  • the HPV-IMM model through its real-time probabilistic update mechanism, gives greater weight to the PCSAV model, which better reflects the current vehicle motion, resulting in superior positioning and speed measurement accuracy compared to the PV model.
  • positioning accuracy can be improved by 27.2%, 50%, and 4.9% in the E, N, and U directions, respectively.
  • Speed measurement accuracy can be improved by 30%, 40%, and 9.0%, respectively.
  • the robustness of the HPV-IMM model is significantly enhanced after the MSA-OD algorithm removes gross errors in observations.

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Abstract

一种基于多运动模型交互的车辆GNSS定位方法,包括根据载体直线行驶和转弯行驶两种姿态分别建立载体的PCV模型和PCSAV模型,以获得载体基于PCV模型和PCSAV模型的上一时刻状态估计向量及状态转移矩阵,引入交互式多模型建立基于交互式多模型的启发式位置-速度滤波HPV-IMM模型,实现PCV模型和PCSAV模型之间的信息滤波交互,获得当前时刻载体的状态估计向量及误差协方差矩阵,从而获得当前时刻载体的位置和速度。该方法解决了传统单一运动学模型在多运动姿态车辆定位中精度低的问题,适用于城市环境下多姿态车辆运动动态导航。

Description

一种基于多运动模型交互的车辆GNSS定位方法 技术领域
本发明涉及车辆导航定位技术领域,特别是涉及一种基于多运动模型交互的车辆GNSS定位方法。
背景技术
在开阔无干扰的环境下,车载普通导航型接收机SPP定位精度可达到米级,RTD定位精度可达到亚米级。然而,城市中大量存在的城市峡谷、林荫、隧道、高架桥等场景,容易造成卫星信号的遮挡和欺骗。其中,严重的非视距(Non-Line-Of-Sight,NLOS)、多径效应导致SPP/RTD定位的可用性与连续性无法得到保证,在极端环境下,可能达到几十米甚至上百米的定位误差。面对上述难题,为提升导航系统在面对异常观测数据时的鲁棒性和抗干扰能力,在不依赖外部传感器信息辅助的条件下,大致有两类解决方法:
一是在观测域上,代表性的方法有故障检测与排除(Fault Detection and Exclusion,FDE)和抗差估计。前者的核心目标在于通过执行一系列统计检验程序,识别并排除那些具有显著偏差的观测数据,从而确保系统输出的准确性和稳定性。而后者则侧重于优化观测值与其权重的匹配,以减轻那些具有较大误差且高权重的观测值对整体滤波结果的不利影响。以上两种方法,均可在先验信息和后验残差上实施,基于后验残差的FDE和抗差估计综合考虑了先验新息和观测数据,能更好的反应当前时刻的观测残差分布情况。然而,由于观测值之间的相关性,导致部分粗差被分配到其他正常观测值中,容易造成漏检和误警。而基于先验新息的FDE和抗差估计虽然可以避免粗差转移带来的负面影响,但其对状态预报的准确性具有更严格的要求。
二是在状态域上,目前,市场上大多数的导航接收机均能接收到多普勒观测值信号,GNSS多系统单点测速可以获得cm/s级的精度。考虑到车辆运动状态较为稳定,利用载体先验坐标和多普勒测速信息预测当前时刻坐标相较于传统单点定位坐标更新方法具有更强的稳健性。近20年来,很多学者对载体运动模型问题进行了讨论,建立了包括常速度(Constant Velocity,CV)模型、常加速度(Constant Acceleration,CA)模型等各种模型用于描述载体运动行为。其中,CV模型应用最广泛,但是其过于理想,难以准确描述车辆在城市中行驶的复杂运动状态,尤其在车辆处于大曲率转弯状态时预测效果不佳。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明的目的是提供一种基于多运动模型交互的车辆GNSS定位方法,能够准确定位车辆多姿态运动状态。
技术方案:为实现上述目的,本发明所述的一种基于多运动模型交互的车辆GNSS定位方法,包括:
根据载体直线行驶和转弯行驶两种姿态分别建立载体的启发式位置-常速度PCV模型和位置-常转角速度PCSAV模型,以获得载体基于PCV模型和PCSAV模型的上一时刻状态估计向量及状态转移矩阵,所述状态估计向量包含载体的位置和速度,状态转移矩阵用于将上一时刻的状态向量转移到下一时刻;
引入交互式多模型,建立基于交互式多模型的启发式位置-速度滤波HPV-IMM模型,HPV-IMM模型根据PCV模型和PCSAV模型的上一时刻状态估计向量及状态转移矩阵,对载体基于PCV模型和PCSAV模型的当前时刻的状态估计向量及误差协方差矩阵进行预测及量测更新,获得量测更新后的当前时刻PCV模型和PCSAV模型载体状态向量及误差协方差矩阵;对量测更新后的当前时刻PCV模型和PCSAV模型载体状态向量及误差协方差矩阵进行融合,获得当前时刻载体的状态估计向量及误差协方差矩阵,基于当前时刻载体的状态估计向量获得当前时刻载体的位置和速度。
其中,所述PCV模型中,载体待估计的状态向量表示为:
XPCV=[x,y,z,Vx,Vy,Vz];
载体的状态转移矩阵表示为:
式中,dt表示相邻历元的时间间隔;(x,y,z)表示载体在某一时刻的位置,(Vx,Vy,Vz)表示载体在位置(x,y,z)的速度;状态转移矩阵根据时间间隔dt将上一时刻的状态向量转移到下一时刻。
其中,所述PCSAV模型中,载体待估计的状态向量可表示为:
XPCSAV=XPCV
式中,XPCV表示PCV模型中载体待估计的状态向量;
载体状态转移矩阵表示为:
式中,ω(T)表示T时刻载体角速度;H表示由ECEF系到ENU系的转换矩阵。
其中,所述的交互式多HPV-IMM模型包括状态交互输入模块、状态预测模块、新息离群值检测、量测更新模块、整体输出交互模块;
其中,状态交互输入模块根据i子模型载体在上一时刻k的状态向量的估计结果,计算得到i子模型载体在当前k+1时刻的初始估计状态向量及其误差协方差矩阵其中,i=1时,i子模型表示PCV模型,i=2或M时,i子模型表示PCSAV模型,M=2表示子模型数量;
状态预测模块根据初始化状态向量和误差协方差矩阵对i子模型载体从k时刻到k+1时刻运动状态进行预测,获得i子模型载体从k时刻到k+1时刻状态预测向量及误差协方差矩阵
新息离群值检测模块根据i子模型载体状态预测向量及误差协方差矩阵计算k+1时刻i子模型新息序列
量测更新模块包括量测更新、子模型概率更新,量测更新根据i子模型载体状态预测向量误差协方差矩阵新息序列进行量测更新,得到i子模型载体量测更新后的状态向量及误差协方差矩阵子模型概率更新通过计算i子模型和当前载体运动状态的相似度,得到i子模型后验概率
整体交互输出模块将i子模型载体的状态估计向量及误差协方差矩阵根据后验概率进行加权融合,获得加权融合后的及误差协方差矩阵即k+1时刻载体的状态估计向量及误差协方差矩阵;
基于k+1时刻载体的状态估计向量获得k+1时刻载体的位置和速度。
其中,所述i子模型载体初始化状态向量和误差协方差矩阵表示为:

式中,表示k时刻i子模型参数,包括误差协方差矩阵状态转移矩阵过程噪声矩阵系数矩阵观测噪声矩阵
表示k时刻观测值数据,包含卫星的伪距值和多普勒测量值
表示由的转移概率;表示输入交互模块中交互后的子模型概率,通过先验转移概率矩阵π和模型后验概率计算得到,转移概率矩阵设置为
其中,所述i子模型载体从k时刻到k+1时刻状态预测向量及误差协方差矩阵表示为:

式中,表述k+1时刻i子模型载体的状态转移矩阵,表示k+1时刻i子模型的过程噪声矩阵。
其中,所述k+1时刻i子模型新息序列表示为:
式中,表示k+1时刻剔除粗差后的观测值数据,表示k+1时刻i子模型系数矩阵。
其中,利用一种多维度统计分析离群值检测算法,识别并剔除所述观测值中的观测值粗差,所述观测值粗差指所述观测值中误差大于设定阈值的观测值。
其中,所述i子模型载体量测更新后的状态向量及误差协方差矩阵表示为:

式中,I表示单位矩阵(主对角线元素为1),表示k+1时刻i子模型系数矩阵;表示卡尔曼增益
所述i子模型后验概率表示为:
式中,表示i子模型在k+1时刻的似然函数值。
其中,所述获得加权融合后的及误差协方差矩阵即k+1时刻载体的状态估计向量及误差协方差矩阵表示为:

有益效果:本发明具有如下优点:本发明提出的交互式多模型,充分考虑了运动学模型对于GNSS车辆导航定位的重要性,并基于全概率原理,通过交互式多模型实现多个车辆运动学模型实时交互,解决了传统单一运动学模型在多运动姿态车辆定位中精度低的问题,适用于城市环境下多姿态车辆运动动态导航。
附图说明
图1为启发式PCV模型;
图2为启发式PCSAV模型;
图3为交互式多模型实现PCV模型和PCSAV模型之间的信息滤波交互的流程示意图;
图4为交互式多模型在开阔场景下实现PCV模型和PCSAV模型的实时交互的示意图;
图5为HPV-IMM模型与现有技术的定位轨迹对比示意图;
图6为应用MSA-OD算法前后,复杂环境下HPV-IMM模型定位效果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明的技术方案作详细说明。
本发明所述一种基于多运动模型交互的车辆GNSS定位方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:根据载体(车辆)直线行驶和转弯行驶两种姿态分别建立启发式PCV模型(位置-常速度模型)和PCSAV模型(位置-常转角速度模型);
启发式PCV模型如图1所示,当载体(车辆)处于直线行驶状态时,可将其约束为PCV模型,即认为相较于T2时刻,T3时刻载体运动速度的大小相等、方向不变,而T3时刻载体位置则通过T2时刻瞬时速度进行预测。
在PCV模型中,通过星间差分消除车载接收机钟差和钟速,载体待估计的状态向量可表示为:
XPCV=[x,y,z,Vx,Vy,Vz]    (1);
载体的状态转移矩阵为:
式中,dt表示相邻历元的时间间隔;(x,y,z)表示载体在某一时刻的位置,(Vx,Vy,Vz)表示载体在位置(x,y,z)的速度;状态向量通常包含了载体在某一时刻的位置、速度,状态转移矩阵根据时间间隔dt将上一时刻的状态向量转移到下一时刻。
启发式PCSAV模型如图2所示,当载体处于转弯行驶状态时,将其约束为PCSAV模型,即认为相较于T2时刻,T3时刻载体的运动速度大小不变,方向经过T2时刻载体运动角速度进行修正,而T3时刻载体位置由T2到T3时刻载体平均速度预测得到。
在PCSAV模型中,载体待估计的状态向量可表示为:
XPCSAV=XPCV    (3);
载体状态转移矩阵可表示为
式中:
表示T时刻载体角速度,即载体航向的变化率,可由当前时刻和上一时刻航向角θ导出,而航向角θ又可由载体在东向和北向速度(Ve,Vn)计算得到。
表示由ECEF系到ENU系的转换矩阵,B、L分别为PCV或PCSAV模型初始化状态向量中载体的纬度和经度。
表示载体速度水平分量绕原点旋转度的旋转矩阵。
本发明建立的启发式的PCV和PCSAV模型不依赖外部传感器所提供的数据输入。这两个模型的所有参数计算仅依赖于当前时刻与前一时刻的数据,从而降低了计算复杂性,同一些需要通过滑窗拟合轨迹进行运动约束的方法相比,显著提升了解算车辆位置过程的实时性。
步骤2:如图3所示,建立交互式多模型(HPV-IMM模型)实现PCV模型和PCSAV模型之间的信息滤波交互;
HPV-IMM模型包含5个模块:状态交互输入模块、状态预测模块、新息离群值检测、量测更新模块(包括量测更新、子模型概率更新)、整体输出交互模块。
(1)状态交互输入模块根据子模型(PCV模型、PCSAV模型)在上一时刻的状态估计(指子模型状态向量的估计结果)、子模型后验概率、转移概率矩阵π,计算得到子模型载体在当前k+1时刻的初始估计状态及其误差协方差其中,i=1时表示PCV模型,i=2或M时表示PCSAV模型,M=2表示子模型个数。
不同于单一模型的扩展卡尔曼滤波(Extended Kalman Filter,EKF),状态预测过程,交互式多模型不会将上一历元的状态估计值和误差协方差矩阵直接用于当前历元的状态预测,而是要在每个历元开始时对子模型进行初始化,在状态域进行交互式融合。
根据全概率定理,k+1时刻每个子模型状态估计的概率密度函数(Probability Density Function,PDF)可初始化为:
k+1时刻各个子模型初始化状态向量及其误差协方差表示为:

式中,
表示k时刻i子模型相关参数,包括:误差协方差矩阵状态转移矩阵过程噪声矩阵系数矩阵观测噪声矩阵
表示k时刻观测值数据,在本实施例中具体为卫星的伪距和多普勒测量值。
表示由的转移概率,可通过先验转移概率矩阵(Transition Probability Matrix,TPM)Π和子模型后验概率计算得到。
上述变量的上标“-”表示预测结果(先验),“~”表示交互结果,“^”表示量测更新后的估计结果(后验),子模型的后验概率指概率更新后的转移概率矩阵是上述下标k/k就表示k时刻的变量,k-1/k-1表示k-1时刻的变量,k+1/k表示从k时刻的变量预测到k+1时刻。
(2)状态预测模块在每个子模型滤波器中都是独立的(即每个子模型滤波器中均有一个状态预测模块),在通过状态交互输入模块得到的初始化状态向量和误差协方差矩阵基础上,对子模型载体从k时刻到k+1时刻运动状态进行预测:

式中,表示i子模型载体从k时刻到k+1时刻状态预测向量及误差协方差矩阵表述k+1时刻子模型载体的状态转移矩阵。
(3)离群值检测模块,在通过状态预测模块得到的状态预测向量基础上,计算k+1时刻子模型滤波器新息序列
式中,表示k+1时刻剔除粗差后的观测值数据,表示k+1时刻i子模型系数矩阵。
其中,
式中,表示伪距新息序列,表示多普勒新息序列。
在进行伪距单点定位和多普勒单点测速时,原始伪距和多普勒观测方程可表示为:

忽略卫星钟差cdts、电离层延迟dion以及对流层延迟dtrop的建模误差,由上述观测方程可知,伪距新息序列主要包含接收机钟差cdtr、预报位置偏差引起的卫地距ρ偏差和伪距观测噪声εPR。同伪距新息序列,多普勒新息序列主要由接收机钟速预报速度偏差引起的卫地距变化率偏差以及多普勒观测噪声εDOP组成。
在确保预报位置和速度的误差处于可接受范围内的前提下,伪距与多普勒新息序列可以被视为具有偏倚但整体稳定的数据序列。针对由观测值的粗差所引发的序列异常值,可以通过采用MSA-OD算法进行有效识别与排除。值得关注的是,在进行异常值识别的过程中,GPS、北斗等卫星系统间偏差(Inter-System Bias,ISB)的存在要求对来自不同系统的伪距新息序列进行独立分析。相比之下,多普勒序列的分析则无需特别考虑这一问题。
(4)模型量测更新模块包括在每个独立滤波器内,基于状态预测向量及其误差协方差矩阵新息序列通过EKF进行量测更新,得到量测更新后的状态向量及其误差协方差
计算卡尔曼增益:
更新状态:
更新误差协方差:
式中,I表示单位矩阵(主对角线元素为1)。
对于子模型后验概率,通过当前历元、模型似然函数值进行更新。即:通过计算子模型和当前载体运动状态的相似度,得到最适合当前子模型的概率。伪距和多普勒观测值理论上符合正态分布,其似然函数值可通过下式表示:
其中,det()表示计算方阵的行列式;
为通过误差传播定律计算得到的新息误差协方差。
因此,根据贝叶斯定理,子模型后验概率可表示为:
(5)整体交互输出模块用于将每个子模型状态估计向量及误差协方差矩阵根据后验概率进行加权融合,得到最终HPV-IMM模型总输出。

根据公式(25),得到k+1时刻载体的位置和速度,其中误差协方差矩阵衡量了状态向量的误差。
上述过程中,针对城市峡谷场景下非高斯分布观测值对量测更新模块更新准确性的影响,利用一种多维度统计分析离群值检测算法,识别并剔除其中的观测值粗差,提高子模型实时更新的概率的准确性,观测值粗差指观测值中误差较大的观测值,观测值对应的是式12。
多维度统计分析离群值检测算法识别并剔除其中的观测值粗差过程为:
(1)输入N维伪距或多普勒新息向量L、序列最大最小值同均值比较检验阈值K0、序列最大最小值同中位数比较检验阈值K1、差分序列最大最小值比较检验阈值K2
(2)初始化N维异常值指示序列(0:健康,1:异常),设置列表flag=[00...0]T、检验循环次数k=0,
(3)如果N-k<3,结束,否则剔除L序列中标记粗差的数据;
(4)检验量计算:
计算L中最大值元素Lmax、最小值元素Lmin及其在序列中的位置i,j;
计算L序列均值Mu、中位数Med;
计算L差分序列中的最大值元素Dmax、最小值元Dmin
(5)异常值检测:若
Lmax-Lmin-2Mu<K0&&Lmax-Med<K1&&Med-Lmin<K1&&Dmax-Dmin<K2,即不存在异常值,结束;
(6)异常值标记,若Lmax-Lmin-2Mu≥K0||Lmax-Med≥K1||Dmax-Dmin≥K2,则flag(i)=1;
若Lmax-Lmin-2Mu≤-K0||Lmax-Med≤-K1||Dmax-Dmin≤-K2,则flag(j)=1;
(7)将k更为新k+1,重新执行(3)。
如图4所示,本发明所提的HPV-IMM模型在开阔场景下可成功实现两个子模型的准确实时交互,红色线条表示PCV模型概率,绿色线条表示PCSAV概率。
如图5所示,HPV-IMM在定位方面较RTD模型定位轨迹更加平滑,定位精度更高,在测速方面解决了SPV容易出现“跳点”的问题。而较传统PV模型,HPV-IMM模型在车辆处于直线行驶路段时与PV模型近似等价,两者定位和测速精度相当,而在车辆处于转弯行驶路段时,由于HPV-IMM模型通过实时概率更新机制,使得更加符合当前车辆运动行为的PCSAV模型权重更大,定位和测速精度优于PV模型。定位精度较PV模型在E、N、U方向上可分别提高27.2%、50%、4.9%。测速精度可分别提高30%、40%、9.0%。此外,如图6所示,经MSA-OD算法剔除观测值粗差后,HPV-IMM模型的鲁棒性得到有效提高。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于多运动模型交互的车辆GNSS定位方法,其特征在于,包括:
    根据载体直线行驶和转弯行驶两种姿态分别建立载体的启发式位置-常速度PCV模型和位置-常转角速度PCSAV模型,以获得载体基于PCV模型和PCSAV模型的上一时刻状态估计向量及状态转移矩阵,所述状态估计向量包含载体的位置和速度,状态转移矩阵用于将上一时刻的状态向量转移到下一时刻;
    建立基于交互式多模型的启发式位置-速度滤波HPV-IMM模型,HPV-IMM模型根据PCV模型和PCSAV模型的上一时刻状态估计向量及状态转移矩阵,对载体基于PCV模型和PCSAV模型的当前时刻的状态估计向量及误差协方差矩阵进行预测及量测更新,获得量测更新后的当前时刻PCV模型和PCSAV模型载体状态向量及误差协方差矩阵;对量测更新后的当前时刻PCV模型和PCSAV模型载体状态向量及误差协方差矩阵进行融合,获得当前时刻载体的状态估计向量及误差协方差矩阵,基于当前时刻载体的状态估计向量获得当前时刻载体的位置和速度。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于多运动模型交互的车辆GNSS定位方法,其特征在于,所述PCV模型中,载体待估计的状态向量表示为:
    XPCV=[x,y,z,Vx,Vy,Vz];
    载体的状态转移矩阵表示为:
    式中,dt表示相邻历元的时间间隔;(x,y,z)表示载体在某一时刻的位置,(Vx,Vy,Vz)表示载体在位置(x,y,z)的速度;状态转移矩阵根据时间间隔dt将上一时刻的状态向量转移到下一时刻。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于多运动模型交互的车辆GNSS定位方法,其特征在于,所述PCSAV模型中,载体待估计的状态向量可表示为:
    XPCSAV=XPCV
    式中,XPCV表示PCV模型中载体待估计的状态向量;
    载体状态转移矩阵表示为:
    式中,ω(T)表示T时刻载体角速度;H表示由ECEF系到ENU系的转换矩阵。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于多运动模型交互的车辆GNSS定位方法,其特征在于,所述的HPV-IMM模型包括状态交互输入模块、状态预测模块、新息离群值检测、量测更新模块、整体输出交互模块;
    其中,状态交互输入模块根据i子模型载体在上一时刻k的状态向量的估计结果,计算得到i子模型载体在当前k+1时刻的初始估计状态向量及其误差协方差矩阵其中,i=1时,i子模型表示PCV模型,i=2或M时,i子模型表示PCSAV模型,M=2表示子模型数量;
    状态预测模块根据初始化状态向量和误差协方差矩阵对i子模型载体从k时刻到k+1时刻运动状态进行预测,获得i子模型载体从k时刻到k+1时刻状态预测向量及误差协方差矩阵
    新息离群值检测模块根据i子模型载体状态预测向量及误差协方差矩阵计算k+1时刻i子模型新息序列
    量测更新模块包括量测更新、子模型概率更新,量测更新根据i子模型载体状态预测向量误差协方差矩阵新息序列进行量测更新,得到i子模型载体量测更新后的状态向量及误差协方差矩阵子模型概率更新通过计算i子模型和当前载体运动状态的相似度,得到i子模型后验概率
    整体交互输出模块将i子模型载体的状态估计向量及误差协方差矩阵根据后验概率进行加权融合,获得加权融合后的及误差协方差矩阵即k+1时刻载体的状态估计向量及误差协方差矩阵;
    基于k+1时刻载体的状态估计向量获得k+1时刻载体的位置和速度。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种基于多运动模型交互的车辆GNSS定位方法,其特征在于,所述i子模型载体初始化状态向量和误差协方差矩阵表示为:
    式中,表示k时刻i子模型参数,包括误差协方差矩阵状态转移矩阵过程噪声矩阵系数矩阵观测噪声矩阵
    表示k时刻观测值数据,包含卫星的伪距值和多普勒测量值
    表示由的转移概率;
    表示表示输入交互模块中交互后的子模型概率,通过先验转移概率矩阵π和模型后验概率计算得到,转移概率矩阵设置为
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的一种基于多运动模型交互的车辆GNSS定位方法,其特征在于,所述i子模型载体从k时刻到k+1时刻状态预测向量及误差协方差矩阵表示为:
    式中,表述k+1时刻i子模型载体的状态转移矩阵,表示k+1时刻i子模型的过程噪声矩阵。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的一种基于多运动模型交互的车辆GNSS定位方法,其特征在于,所述k+1时刻i子模型新息序列表示为:
    式中,表示k+1时刻剔除粗差后的观测值数据,表示k+1时刻i子模型系数矩阵。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种基于多运动模型交互的车辆GNSS定位方法,其特征在于,利用一种多维度统计分析离群值检测算法,识别并剔除所述观测值中的观测值粗差,所述观测值粗差指所述观测值中误差大于设定阈值的观测值。
  9. 根据权利要求4所述的一种基于多运动模型交互的车辆GNSS定位方法,其特征在于,所述i子模型载体量测更新后的状态向量及误差协方差矩阵表示为:
    式中,I表示单位矩阵,表示k+1时刻i子模型系数矩阵;表示卡尔曼增益
    所述i子模型后验概率表示为:
    式中,表示i子模型在k+1时刻的似然函数值,表示表示输入交互模块中交互后的子模型概率。
  10. 根据权利要求4所述的一种基于多运动模型交互的车辆GNSS定位方法,其特征在于,所述获得加权融合后的及误差协方差矩阵即k+1时刻载体的状态估计向量及误差协方差矩阵表示为:
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