WO2025185488A1 - 电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池及用电装置

Info

Publication number
WO2025185488A1
WO2025185488A1 PCT/CN2025/079064 CN2025079064W WO2025185488A1 WO 2025185488 A1 WO2025185488 A1 WO 2025185488A1 CN 2025079064 W CN2025079064 W CN 2025079064W WO 2025185488 A1 WO2025185488 A1 WO 2025185488A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat exchange
wall
battery
flow channel
phase change
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2025/079064
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2025185488A8 (zh
Inventor
林秀杰
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Publication of WO2025185488A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025185488A1/zh
Publication of WO2025185488A8 publication Critical patent/WO2025185488A8/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/643—Cylindrical cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/659—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery and an electrical device.
  • Battery cells are widely used in electronic devices such as mobile phones, laptops, electric bicycles, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric boats, electric toy cars, electric toy boats, electric toy airplanes, and power tools.
  • Battery cells can include nickel-cadmium battery cells, nickel-metal hydride battery cells, lithium-ion battery cells, and secondary alkaline zinc-manganese battery cells.
  • the present application provides a battery and an electrical device that can improve the reliability of the battery.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery, which includes a battery cell and a heat exchange structure.
  • the heat exchange structure includes a shell and a phase change structure.
  • the shell is provided with a heat exchange channel and a accommodating cavity separated from the heat exchange channel.
  • the phase change structure is located in the accommodating cavity and is arranged between the battery cell and the heat exchange channel.
  • the phase change structure is set between the battery cell and the heat exchange flow channel, which helps to improve the reliability of the battery. Specifically, in a high-temperature environment, the phase change structure can promptly absorb and store the heat in the battery cell. Then, the heat exchange medium flowing in the heat exchange flow channel can promptly dissipate the excess heat in the phase change structure, playing a thermal stabilization role and improving the reliability of the battery in a high-temperature environment.
  • part of the heat stored in the phase change structure can be absorbed by the battery cell, thereby increasing the temperature of the battery cell to a certain extent, realizing the heat preservation function of the battery in a low-temperature environment, so that the temperature of the battery cell inside the battery can be maintained within a certain range, which helps to improve the battery's applicability and reliability.
  • the housing includes two first walls arranged opposite to each other along a first direction, the heat exchange channel is arranged through the first walls, and the accommodating cavity is located between the two first walls.
  • the heat exchange medium can be circulated, thereby improving the heat exchange capacity of the heat exchange structure.
  • the accommodating cavity is located between the two first walls, and the spacing between the two first walls in the first direction determines the size of the accommodating cavity in the first direction. Therefore, by adjusting the distance between the two first walls, the size of the accommodating cavity can be changed to meet the needs of different situations, providing strong flexibility.
  • the housing further includes a second wall sandwiched between the two first walls and connected to the first walls, and the second wall encloses a heat exchange channel.
  • the second wall is provided to enclose and form a heat exchange channel, meeting the flow requirements of the heat exchange medium.
  • the second wall also serves to isolate the phase change structure from the heat exchange medium, reducing the risk of contact between the heat exchange medium and the phase change structure, and improving the overall reliability of the heat exchange structure.
  • the first wall includes a wall body and a connecting portion that are connected to each other.
  • the wall body is arranged to surround the connecting portion.
  • the connecting portion protrudes from the side of the wall body toward the second wall in the first direction and is fixedly connected to the second wall.
  • the heat exchange channel is arranged to pass through the connecting portion.
  • the connecting portion of the first wall is arranged to protrude from the wall body in the first direction toward the side of the second wall. This helps to reduce the difficulty of alignment and connection between the connecting portion and the second wall, thereby improving the reliability of the connection between the first and second walls.
  • a heat exchange flow channel is provided through the connecting portion, allowing the heat exchange medium to exit or enter the heat exchange flow channel through the connecting portion, thereby achieving the circulation of the heat exchange medium and improving the heat exchange capacity of the corresponding heat exchange structure.
  • the shell also includes a third wall arranged on the side of the second wall away from the heat exchange channel.
  • the third wall is connected to the first wall and is at least partially spaced apart from the second wall.
  • the first wall, the second wall and the third wall together enclose a accommodating cavity.
  • the housing by providing the first, second, and third walls, can form a mutually separated and independent accommodating cavity and heat exchange flow channel, resulting in a simple and reliable overall structure. Furthermore, the accommodating cavity enclosed by the first, second, and third walls can be a closed cavity, which can limit the phase change structure within the accommodating cavity, thereby reducing the risk of relative movement of the phase change structure and improving the reliability of the heat exchange structure.
  • the third wall includes a first sub-portion, a second sub-portion arranged on a side of the first sub-portion away from the accommodating cavity, and a reinforcing portion sandwiched between the first sub-portion and the second sub-portion, and the first sub-portion is connected to the first wall.
  • the reinforcement improves the overall structural strength of the third wall. Furthermore, compared to solutions in which the third wall is a solid plate structure, this helps reduce the weight of the third wall and is more practical.
  • the third wall includes a first surface and a second surface that are opposite to each other.
  • the first surface is used to enclose and form a receiving cavity.
  • the second surface has an arc-shaped structure and protrudes toward the receiving cavity.
  • the shape of the second surface of the third wall is adjusted so that the second surface is arc-shaped and protrudes toward the accommodating cavity, that is, the second surface protrudes away from the adjacent battery cells.
  • This design is suitable for cylindrical battery cells, as the second surface can adapt to the outer contour of the battery cells, thereby improving the reliability of the relative positioning of the heat exchange structure and the battery cells, thereby enhancing the heat exchange structure's temperature control effect on the battery cells and improving the reliability of the battery.
  • the shape of the third wall was adjusted so that the second surface of the third wall includes an arc-shaped structure that adapts to the contours of the battery cell. Furthermore, to enable a single heat exchange structure to simultaneously regulate the temperature of multiple battery cells, the number of third walls is set to multiple, with different third walls corresponding to different battery cells. This allows a single heat exchange structure to simultaneously regulate the temperature of multiple different battery cells, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency.
  • the phase change structure is disposed around and covers the heat exchange channel.
  • the heat exchange medium can achieve heat exchange with the phase change structure at different circumferential positions, so that in a high temperature environment, more heat from the battery cell can be dissipated in time with the help of the heat exchange medium, thereby improving the reliability of the battery in a high temperature environment.
  • the thermal conductivity of the housing is greater than the thermal conductivity of the phase change structure.
  • the outer shell has a stronger thermal conductivity than the phase-change structure, in high-temperature environments, the outer shell can quickly and evenly transfer heat from the battery cells to different locations in the phase-change structure.
  • the phase-change structure can then quickly and evenly transfer excess heat to the heat exchange medium through the outer shell, thereby meeting the battery's heat dissipation needs.
  • some of the heat stored in the phase-change structure can be evenly transferred to different locations in the battery cells through the outer shell, thereby achieving a thermal insulation effect for the battery cells, which is highly practical.
  • the battery further includes a first guide plate and a second guide plate spaced apart from each other, with the battery cells and the heat exchange structure disposed between the first and second guide plates.
  • the first guide plate defines a first flow channel
  • the second guide plate defines a second flow channel
  • both ends of the heat exchange channel are connected to the first and second flow channels, respectively.
  • the addition of the first and second guide plates allows the heat exchange channel to communicate with the first and second channels, thereby enabling the circulation of the heat exchange medium and helping to improve the heat exchange efficiency of the battery. Furthermore, the first and second guide plates can also limit the position of the battery cells and the heat exchange structure, improving the reliability of the relative position between the heat exchange structure and the battery cells.
  • the first deflector includes a first main body, a first protrusion protruding from the side of the first main body facing the heat exchange structure, and a first communication hole extending through the first protrusion and connected to the first flow channel, wherein the first protrusion is at least partially located within the heat exchange flow channel.
  • the second deflector includes a second main body, a second protrusion protruding from the side of the second main body facing the heat exchange structure, and a second communication hole extending through the second protrusion and connected to the second flow channel, wherein the second protrusion is at least partially located within the heat exchange flow channel.
  • the first protrusion is able to penetrate deep into the heat exchange flow channel, and the relative positioning between the first guide plate and the heat exchange structure is achieved through a plug-in connection.
  • This not only meets the requirements for heat exchange medium transfer, but also improves the reliability of the relative position between the first guide plate and the heat exchange structure.
  • the second protrusion is able to penetrate deep into the heat exchange flow channel, and the relative positioning between the second guide plate and the heat exchange structure is achieved through a plug-in connection. This not only meets the requirements for heat exchange medium transfer, but also improves the reliability of the relative position between the second guide plate and the heat exchange structure.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, which includes a battery in any of the aforementioned embodiments, and the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat exchange structure in a battery provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG4 ;
  • FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of another heat exchange structure in a battery provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG7 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the structure of area P in FIG6;
  • FIG8 is a schematic structural diagram of a first guide plate in another battery provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG9 is a schematic structural diagram of a second guide plate in another battery provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG10 is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of another battery provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Second guide plate 41. Second main body; 42. Second protrusion; 43. Second communication hole;
  • M1 first surface
  • references herein to "embodiments” mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application.
  • the appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
  • the term "and/or” is simply a description of the association relationship between associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist.
  • a and/or B can represent the following three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone.
  • the character "/" in this document generally indicates that the associated objects are in an "or" relationship.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two).
  • multiple groups refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and “multiple pieces” refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • the battery cell may be a secondary battery.
  • a secondary battery refers to a battery cell that can be continuously used by activating active materials by charging after the battery cell is discharged.
  • the battery cells can be lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, lithium metal batteries, sodium metal batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, magnesium-ion batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, lead-acid batteries, etc., which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery may be a battery module.
  • the multiple battery cells are arranged and fixed to form a battery module.
  • the battery may be a battery pack, which includes a case and battery cells, wherein the battery cells or battery modules are housed in the case.
  • the box body can be used as a part of the chassis structure of the vehicle.
  • part of the box body can become at least a part of the floor of the vehicle, or part of the box body can become at least a part of the cross beam and longitudinal beam of the vehicle.
  • the battery may be an energy storage device, including an energy storage container, an energy storage cabinet, and the like.
  • the present application provides a battery and an electrical device.
  • the phase change structure is used to achieve the heat preservation function of the battery cell in a low-temperature environment; in a high-temperature environment, the phase change structure is used to achieve timely absorption of heat and dissipate the heat into the heat exchange medium to achieve timely heat dissipation and improve the reliability of the battery.
  • batteries and electrical devices using batteries such as mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, electric vehicles, electric cars, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and electric tools, etc., among which spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spacecraft, etc.
  • electric toys include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal cutting power tools, grinding power tools, assembly power tools and railway power tools, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators and electric planers.
  • the battery cells described in the embodiments of the present application are not limited to being applicable to the electrical devices described above, but for the sake of simplicity, the following embodiments are described using electric vehicles as an example.
  • FIG. 1 is a simple schematic diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle.
  • the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc.
  • a battery 100 can be provided inside the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery 100 can be provided at the bottom, front or rear of the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery 100 can be used to power the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery 100 can be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000.
  • the vehicle 1000 can also include a controller 200 and a motor 300.
  • the controller 200 is used to control the battery to power the motor 300, for example.
  • the battery can be used for starting and navigating the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery 100 can also be used to drive the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide drive for the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery 100 includes a battery cell 500 and a heat exchange structure 600.
  • the heat exchange structure 600 includes a shell 10 and a phase change structure 20.
  • the shell 10 is provided with a heat exchange channel 12 and a accommodating cavity 11 separated from the heat exchange channel 12.
  • the phase change structure 20 is located in the accommodating cavity 11 and is arranged between the battery cell 500 and the heat exchange channel 12.
  • the battery cell 500 is the main component of the battery 100 for providing electrical energy.
  • the battery cell 500 can have various shapes.
  • the battery cell 500 can be a cylindrical battery cell 500, a prismatic battery cell 500, a soft-pack battery cell 500, or a battery cell 500 of another shape.
  • the prismatic battery cell 500 includes a square-cased battery cell 500, a blade-shaped battery cell 500, and a multi-prismatic battery 100.
  • the multi-prismatic battery 100 is, for example, a hexagonal battery 100.
  • the battery 100 there can be one or more battery cells 500. If there are multiple battery cells 500, the multiple battery cells 500 can be connected in series, in parallel, or in a hybrid connection.
  • a hybrid connection refers to a combination of series and parallel connections within the multiple battery cells 500.
  • the multiple battery cells 500 can be directly connected in series, in parallel, or in a hybrid connection, and then the entire battery 100 can be accommodated within the same space.
  • multiple battery cells 500 can also be first connected in series, in parallel, or in a hybrid connection to form a battery 100 module, and then the multiple battery modules can be connected in series, in parallel, or in a hybrid connection to form a single unit and accommodated within the same space.
  • the heat exchange structure 600 is a component in the battery 100 used to regulate the temperature of the battery cell 500.
  • the heat exchange structure 600 can be arranged adjacent to the battery cell 500.
  • the heat exchange structure 600 and the battery cell 500 can be arranged in direct contact, or there can be a certain gap between the heat exchange structure 600 and the battery cell 500.
  • the heat exchange structure 600 can be positioned in various ways relative to the battery cells 500.
  • the heat exchange structure 600 can enclose a storage space, and the battery 100 can include multiple battery cells 500, and the multiple battery cells 500 are collectively accommodated within the storage space.
  • the battery 100 can include multiple battery cells 500, and the heat exchange structure 600 can be sandwiched between adjacent battery cells 500. This helps the heat exchange structure 600 regulate the temperature of each battery cell 500, thereby improving the reliability of the battery 100.
  • the heat exchange structure 600 includes a shell 10 and a phase change structure 20.
  • the shell 10 is the main component of the heat exchange structure 600 that provides protection and support for the internal structure.
  • the shell 10 is a hollow structure, and a heat exchange channel 12 and a receiving cavity 11 are provided in the shell 10.
  • the heat exchange channel 12 is a channel structure in the heat exchange structure 600 for the movement of the heat exchange medium.
  • the heat exchange medium is a fluid or substance used to transfer heat in the heat exchange structure 600.
  • the heat exchange medium can have multiple phases, for example, the heat exchange medium can be in a liquid structure, or the heat exchange medium can be in a gaseous structure.
  • the heat exchange channel 12 can be connected to the external space, so that the heat exchange medium can circulate in the heat exchange structure 600, thereby improving the heat exchange capacity of the heat exchange structure 600.
  • phase change structure 20 includes a phase change material and has the ability to change its physical state within a certain temperature range. For example, when the temperature around phase change structure 20 rises to a certain level, phase change structure 20 undergoes a phase change from solid to liquid. During the melting process, phase change structure 20 absorbs and stores a large amount of latent heat. When the temperature around phase change structure 20 drops to a certain level, the heat stored within phase change structure 20 is dissipated to the outside of phase change structure 20 within a certain temperature range, and phase change structure 20 undergoes a reverse phase change from liquid to solid.
  • the accommodating chamber 11 and the heat exchange channel 12 are separated, that is, the accommodating chamber 11 and the heat exchange channel 12 are not connected.
  • the accommodating chamber 11 and the heat exchange channel 12 can have a variety of shapes and structures.
  • the projected outer contour of the heat exchange channel 12 can also be circular, square, or other regular or irregular shapes.
  • the projected outer contour of the accommodating chamber 11 can also be circular, square, or other regular or irregular shapes.
  • the projected outer contour of the accommodating chamber 11 can be the same as the projected outer contour of the heat exchange channel 12, or the projected outer contour of the accommodating chamber 11 can also be different from the projected outer contour of the heat exchange channel 12.
  • the accommodating chamber 11 and the heat exchange channel 12 can have various positions.
  • the accommodating chamber 11 and the heat exchange channel 12 can be arranged side by side in a single direction or multiple directions, or the accommodating chamber 11 can be arranged to surround the heat exchange channel 12.
  • the accommodating chamber 11 can be a single spatial structure, or it can include multiple sub-cavities that are separated.
  • the heat exchange channel 12 can include only one channel structure, or it can include multiple channel structures at the same time.
  • the embodiment of the present application also sets the phase change structure 20 between the battery cell 500 and the heat exchange channel 12, which helps to improve the reliability of the battery 100.
  • the phase change structure 20 can absorb and store the heat in the battery cell 500 in a timely manner, and then the heat exchange medium flowing in the heat exchange channel 12 can dissipate the excess heat in the phase change structure 20 in a timely manner, play a thermal stabilization role, and improve the reliability of the battery 100 in a high temperature environment.
  • part of the heat stored in the phase change structure 20 can be absorbed by the battery cell 500, thereby increasing the temperature of the battery cell 500 to a certain extent, realizing the heat preservation function of the battery 100 in a low temperature environment, so that the temperature of the battery cell 500 inside the battery 100 can be maintained within a certain range, which helps to improve the scope of application and reliability of the battery 100.
  • the battery 100 may also include various other structural components.
  • the battery 100 may also include a box body 400, which is used to accommodate the battery cell 500 and the heat exchange structure 600.
  • the box body 400 may be of various structures.
  • the box body 400 may include a first box body portion 401 and a second box body portion (not shown in the figure), the first box body portion 401 and the second box body portion cover each other, and the first box body portion 401 and the second box body portion jointly define a receiving portion for accommodating the battery cell 500.
  • FIG2 and FIG3 show the case where the first box body portion 401 is a hollow structure with one end open.
  • the corresponding second box body portion may be a plate-like structure, and the second box body portion covers the open side of the first box body portion 401 to form a box body 400 with a receiving portion.
  • the first box body 401 and the second box body can also be hollow structures with one side open, and the open side of the first box body 401 covers the open side of the second box body to form a box body 400 with a receiving portion.
  • the first box body 401 and the second box body can be various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, etc.
  • the housing 10 includes two first walls 13 oppositely arranged along a first direction X, the heat exchange channel 12 is arranged through the first walls 13 , and the accommodating cavity 11 is located between the two first walls 13 .
  • the housing 10 includes at least two first walls 13, which are arranged opposite to each other in the first direction X.
  • the projected outer contours of the two first walls 13 in the first direction X may be the same, or the projected outer contours of the two first walls 13 in the first direction X may be different.
  • the heat exchange channel 12 is set through the first wall 13, so that the heat exchange channel 12 can be connected to the outside, thereby enabling the heat exchange medium to circulate between the inside of the heat exchange structure 600 and the external structure, thereby improving the heat exchange capacity of the corresponding heat exchange junction.
  • the heat exchange medium can be circulated, thereby improving the heat exchange capacity of the heat exchange structure 600.
  • the accommodating chamber 11 is located between the two first walls 13.
  • the spacing between the two first walls 13 in the first direction X determines the size of the accommodating chamber 11 in the first direction X. Therefore, by adjusting the distance between the two first walls 13, the size of the accommodating chamber 11 can be changed to meet the needs of different situations, providing strong flexibility.
  • the housing 10 further includes a second wall 14 sandwiched between the two first walls 13 and connected to the first walls 13 , and the second wall 14 encloses and forms the heat exchange channel 12 .
  • the housing 10 includes at least a first wall 13 and a second wall 14, wherein the second wall 14 is connected to the first wall 13.
  • the first wall 13 and the second wall 14 can be connected in a variety of ways, for example, the first wall 13 and the second wall 14 can be an integral structure, or the first wall 13 and the second wall 14 can be separate structures and fixed by welding.
  • the second wall 14 encloses the heat exchange channel 12, and the radial dimension of the heat exchange channel 12 is determined by the second wall 14.
  • the number of second walls 14 can be one or more.
  • the number of second walls 14 can be one and the second wall 14 can be a hollow cylinder, or the number of second walls 14 can be multiple, with multiple second walls 14 connected end to end to form a hollow structure.
  • the second wall 14 is provided to enclose the heat exchange channel 12, thereby satisfying the flow requirements of the heat exchange medium. Furthermore, the presence of the second wall 14 also serves to isolate the phase change structure 20 from the heat exchange medium, reducing the risk of contact between the heat exchange medium and the phase change structure 20, thereby improving the overall reliability of the heat exchange structure 600.
  • the first wall 13 includes a wall body 131 and a connecting portion 132 that are connected to each other.
  • the wall body 131 is arranged to surround the connecting portion 132.
  • the connecting portion 132 protrudes from the side of the wall body 131 toward the second wall 14 in the first direction X, and is connected and fixed to the second wall 14.
  • the heat exchange channel 12 is arranged to pass through the connecting portion 132.
  • the first wall 13 includes at least a main wall body 131 and a connecting portion 132.
  • the main wall body 131 is the primary component of the first wall 13, while the connecting portion 132 is the portion of the first wall 13 that is connected and secured to the second wall 14.
  • the main wall body 131 and the connecting portion 132 are interconnected.
  • the two may be integral or separate structures connected and secured by welding or other methods.
  • the wall body 131 surrounds the connecting portion 132 and can have a variety of shapes.
  • the projected outer contour of the wall body 131 in the first direction X can be circular, square, or other regular or irregular shapes, and the same applies to the connecting portion 132.
  • the contour of the wall body 131 can match or not match the contour of the connecting portion 132.
  • the connecting portion 132 of the first wall 13 is arranged to protrude from the wall body 131 in the first direction X toward the side of the second wall 14. This helps to reduce the difficulty of alignment and connection between the connecting portion 132 and the second wall 14, thereby improving the reliability of the connection between the first wall 13 and the second wall 14.
  • the heat exchange channel 12 is provided through the connecting portion 132, allowing the heat exchange medium to leave or enter the heat exchange channel 12 through the connecting portion 132, thereby achieving the circulation of the heat exchange medium and improving the corresponding heat exchange capacity of the heat exchange structure 600.
  • the second wall 14 and the connecting portion 132 may be connected in a variety of ways.
  • the second wall 14 and the connecting portion 132 may be abutted against each other in the first direction X and fixedly connected by welding.
  • the connecting portion 132 may be provided with a groove structure, and the second wall 14 and the connecting portion 132 may be plugged and fixed together, thereby also achieving a fixed connection between the second wall 14 and the connecting portion 132.
  • the side of the connecting portion 132 facing away from the second wall 14 can be flush with the side of the wall body 131 facing away from the second wall 14, or the side of the connecting portion 132 facing away from the second wall 14 can be concave or convex relative to the side of the wall body 131 facing away from the second wall 14.
  • the side of the connecting portion 132 facing away from the second wall 14 can be convex relative to the side of the wall body 131 facing away from the second wall 14, which helps to reduce the difficulty of alignment and connection between the connecting portion 132 and other external structures, thereby improving practicality.
  • the shell 10 also includes a third wall 15 arranged on the side of the second wall 14 away from the heat exchange channel 12.
  • the third wall 15 is connected to the first wall 13 and is at least partially spaced apart from the second wall 14.
  • the first wall 13, the second wall 14 and the third wall 15 together enclose a accommodating cavity 11.
  • the shell 10 includes at least a first wall 13, a second wall 14 and a third wall 15, and the third wall 15 is connected to the two first walls 13.
  • the first wall 13 and the third wall 15 can have a variety of connection methods.
  • the first wall 13 and the third wall 15 can be an integral structure, or the first wall 13 and the third wall 15 can be a split structure, and the two are connected and fixed by welding.
  • the third wall 15 is disposed on a side of the second wall 14 facing away from the heat exchange channel 12, and at least a portion of the third wall 15 is spaced apart from the second wall 14. There may be one third wall 15, or there may be multiple third walls 15. Alternatively, there may be multiple third walls 15, which are sequentially connected end to end, thereby surrounding the second wall 14.
  • the first wall 13, the second wall 14 and the third wall 15 together enclose the accommodating cavity 11, that is, the size of the accommodating cavity 11 is determined by the first wall 13, the second wall 14 and the third wall 15. Furthermore, by controlling the number of third walls 15 and the relative positional relationship between the third wall 15 and the second wall 14, the size and shape of the accommodating cavity 11 can be adjusted.
  • the number of third walls 15 can be multiple, and the multiple third walls 15 are spaced apart on the circumference of the second wall 14, and the two ends of each third wall 15 are respectively connected to the second wall 14, so that each third wall 15 can form a closed cavity structure together with the first wall 13 and the second wall 14, so that the accommodating cavity 11 can include multiple independently separated sub-cavity structures to meet the usage needs in different situations.
  • the housing 10 is provided with a first wall 13, a second wall 14, and a third wall 15 to form a mutually separated and independent accommodating chamber 11 and a heat exchange channel 12, resulting in a simple and reliable overall structure.
  • the accommodating chamber 11 enclosed by the first wall 13, the second wall 14, and the third wall 15 can be a closed cavity, which can limit the phase change structure 20 located within the accommodating chamber 11, thereby reducing the risk of relative movement of the phase change structure 20 and improving the reliability of the heat exchange structure 600.
  • the third wall 15 includes a first sub-portion 151, a second sub-portion 152 arranged on the side of the first sub-portion 151 facing away from the accommodating cavity 11, and a reinforcing portion 153 sandwiched between the first sub-portion 151 and the second sub-portion 152, and the first sub-portion 151 is connected to the first wall 13.
  • the third wall 15 includes at least a first sub-portion 151, a second sub-portion 152 and a reinforcing portion 153.
  • the first sub-portion 151 is a component in the third wall 15 used to enclose and form the accommodating cavity 11.
  • the first sub-portion 151 is connected to the first wall 13, and there can be multiple connection methods between the two.
  • the first sub-portion 151 and the first wall 13 can be connected and fixed by welding or plugging.
  • the second sub-section 152 is located on the side of the first sub-section 151 facing away from the accommodating chamber 11.
  • the second sub-section 152 may be the component of the heat exchange structure 600 closest to the battery cell 500.
  • the second sub-section 152 may be disposed in contact with the battery cell 500, or the second sub-section 152 may be disposed spaced apart from the battery cell 500.
  • the second sub-section 152 is spaced apart from the first sub-section 151 .
  • the shape and size of the second sub-section 152 can be consistent with or different from those of the first sub-section 151 .
  • the reinforcement member is disposed between the first sub-portion 151 and the second sub-portion 152.
  • the reinforcement member is a component having a certain structural strength and can improve the structural strength of the third wall 15.
  • the reinforcement member can have various forms.
  • the reinforcement member can include a plurality of reinforcing ribs, with the plurality of reinforcing ribs being disposed at intervals to improve the structural strength of the third wall 15 at different locations.
  • the reinforcement can be used to improve the overall structural strength of the third wall 15. Furthermore, compared to a solution in which the third wall 15 is a solid plate structure, this helps reduce the weight of the third wall 15 and has greater practicality.
  • the third wall 15 includes a first surface M1 and a second surface M2 relative to each other.
  • the first surface M1 is used to enclose the accommodating cavity 11, and the second surface M2 is an arc-shaped structure and protrudes toward the accommodating cavity 11.
  • the first surface M1 and the second surface M2 are two opposing surfaces, wherein the first surface M1 is the surface of the third wall 15 close to the accommodating cavity 11, and the second surface M2 is the surface of the third wall 15 close to the battery cell 500.
  • the third wall 15 as an example, in which the first sub-portion 151 and the second sub-portion 152 are included, the first surface M1 is the surface of the first sub-portion 151 facing away from the second sub-portion 152, and the second surface M2 is the surface of the second sub-portion 152 facing away from the first sub-portion 151.
  • the shape of the second surface M2 in the third wall 15 is adjusted so that the second surface M2 has an arc-shaped structure and protrudes in the direction close to the accommodating cavity 11, that is, the second surface M2 protrudes in the direction away from the adjacent battery cell 500.
  • This design is suitable for the case where the battery cell 500 is cylindrical in shape.
  • the second surface M2 can adapt to the outer contour of the battery cell 500, thereby improving the reliability of the relative position between the heat exchange structure 600 and the battery cell 500, thereby improving the temperature control effect of the heat exchange structure 600 on the battery cell 500, and improving the reliability of the battery 100.
  • the first surface M1 can have various shapes.
  • the shape of the first surface M1 is similar to that of the second surface M2 , that is, the first surface M1 also has an arc-shaped structure and protrudes toward the accommodating cavity 11 .
  • the shape of the third wall 15 is adjusted so that the second surface M2 of the third wall 15 includes an arc-shaped structure that adapts to the contour of the battery cell 500. Furthermore, to enable a single heat exchange structure 600 to simultaneously regulate the temperature of multiple battery cells 500, the number of third walls 15 is set to multiple, with different third walls 15 corresponding to different battery cells 500. This enables a single heat exchange structure 600 to simultaneously regulate the temperature of multiple different battery cells 500, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency.
  • the number of third walls 15 can have various forms.
  • the number of third walls 15 is four, and the four third walls 15 can be arranged corresponding to four different battery cells 500.
  • the projection of the heat exchange structure 600 in the first direction X can be a cross-shaped structure, and the heat exchange structure 600 is sandwiched between the four battery cells 500.
  • the number of heat exchange structures 600 can be one, or the number of heat exchange structures 600 can be multiple.
  • the number of battery cells 500 and the number of heat exchange structures 600 are both multiple, and the multiple battery cells 500 are arranged in an array along the first direction X and the second direction, respectively.
  • the multiple heat exchange structures 600 are arranged in an array along the first direction X and the second direction, respectively, and the first direction X and the second direction are intersecting.
  • the phase change structure 20 is disposed around and covers the heat exchange channel 12 .
  • the accommodating cavity 11 can be annular, so that the phase change structure 20 within the accommodating cavity 11 can be disposed around the heat exchange channel 12.
  • the phase change structure 20 is a single, integral structure that completely covers the heat exchange channel 12.
  • the phase change structure 20 can include multiple sub-sections, which are connected end to end, with different sub-sections covering different locations of the heat exchange channel 12, thereby collectively surrounding and covering the heat exchange channel 12.
  • the phase change structure 20 is arranged to surround and cover the heat exchange channel 12, so that the heat exchange medium can achieve heat exchange with the phase change structure 20 at different circumferential positions, so that in a high temperature environment, more heat from the battery cell 500 can be dissipated in a timely manner with the help of the heat exchange medium, thereby improving the reliability of the battery 100 in a high temperature environment.
  • the thermal conductivity of the housing 10 is greater than the thermal conductivity of the phase change structure 20 .
  • Thermal conductivity refers to the amount of heat transferred through a one-square-meter area in one second under stable heat transfer conditions, assuming a one-meter-thick material with a one-degree temperature difference between its two surfaces. Generally, a higher thermal conductivity indicates a stronger heat transfer capability. Therefore, the thermal conductivity of the housing 10 is greater than that of the phase change structure 20, indicating that the housing 10 has a stronger thermal conductivity than the phase change structure 20.
  • the housing 10 because the housing 10 has a stronger thermal conductivity than the phase change structure 20, in high-temperature environments, the housing 10 can quickly and evenly transfer heat from the battery cells 500 to different locations of the phase change structure 20. The phase change structure 20 can then quickly and evenly transfer excess heat to the heat exchange medium through the housing 10, thereby meeting the heat dissipation needs of the battery 100. In low-temperature environments, some of the heat stored in the phase change structure 20 can be evenly transferred to different locations of the battery cells 500 through the housing 10, thereby achieving a thermal insulation effect for the battery cells 500, which is highly practical.
  • the battery 100 further includes a first guide plate 30 and a second guide plate 40 spaced apart from each other, with the battery cells 500 and the heat exchange structure 600 disposed between the first guide plate 30 and the second guide plate 40.
  • the first guide plate 30 defines a first flow channel
  • the second guide plate 40 defines a second flow channel
  • both ends of the heat exchange channel 12 are connected to the first flow channel and the second flow channel, respectively.
  • Both the first guide plate 30 and the second guide plate 40 can be used to achieve the circulation of the heat exchange medium.
  • the first guide plate 30 is provided with a first flow channel
  • the second guide plate 40 is provided with a second flow channel.
  • the first flow channel and the second flow channel are respectively connected to the two ends of the heat exchange channel 12.
  • the port on the heat exchange channel 12 that is connected to the first flow channel is the inlet end
  • the port on the heat exchange channel 12 that is connected to the second flow channel is the outlet end.
  • the heat exchange medium enters the heat exchange channel 12 through the first flow channel and leaves the heat exchange channel 12 through the second flow channel after completing the heat exchange with the phase change structure 20.
  • first guide plate 30 and the second guide plate 40 are spaced apart in the first direction X, and the battery cells 500 and the heat exchange structure 600 are sandwiched between the first guide plate 30 and the second guide plate 40.
  • first guide plate 30 and the second guide plate 40 can also limit the battery cells 500 and the heat exchange structure 600, thereby improving the reliability of the relative position between the heat exchange structure 600 and the battery cells 500.
  • the embodiment of the present application by adding the first guide plate 30 and the second guide plate 40, enables the heat exchange channel 12 to communicate with the first and second channels, thereby achieving circulation of the heat exchange medium and helping to improve the heat exchange efficiency of the battery 100. Furthermore, the first guide plate 30 and the second guide plate 40 can also limit the battery cells 500 and the heat exchange structure 600, improving the reliability of the relative position between the heat exchange structure 600 and the battery cells 500.
  • the first guide plate 30 includes a first main body 31, a first protrusion 32 protruding from the side of the first main body 31 facing the heat exchange structure 600, and a first communication hole 33 extending through the first protrusion 32 and communicating with the first flow channel.
  • the first protrusion 32 is at least partially located within the heat exchange flow channel 12.
  • the second guide plate 40 includes a second main body 41, a second protrusion 42 protruding from the side of the second main body 41 facing the heat exchange structure 600, and a second communication hole 43 extending through the second protrusion 42 and communicating with the second flow channel.
  • the second protrusion 42 is at least partially located within the heat exchange flow channel 12.
  • the first guide plate 30 includes at least a first main body 31 and a first protrusion 32.
  • the first main body 31 is the main portion of the first guide plate 30, and the first flow channel can be located within the first main body 31.
  • the first protrusion 32 is connected to the first main body 31 and protrudes relative to the first main body 31 toward the heat exchange structure 600.
  • the first protrusion 32 and the first main body 31 can be connected in various ways, for example, the first main body 31 and the first protrusion 32 can be connected and fixed by welding.
  • the first connecting hole 33 is provided through the first protrusion 32 along the first direction X.
  • the first connecting hole 33 is connected to the first flow channel and is used to transfer the heat exchange medium.
  • the first protrusion 32 can be inserted into the heat exchange flow channel 12.
  • the heat exchange medium in the first flow channel can be transferred into the heat exchange flow channel 12 through the first connecting hole 33 on the first protrusion 32, thereby achieving the transfer of heat exchange medium between the first flow channel and the heat exchange flow channel 12.
  • the second guide plate 40 includes at least a second main body 41 and a second protrusion 42.
  • the second main body 41 is the main portion of the second guide plate 40, and the second flow channel can be located within the second main body 41.
  • the second protrusion 42 is connected to the second main body 41 and protrudes relative to the second main body 41 toward the heat exchange structure 600.
  • the second protrusion 42 and the second main body 41 can be connected in various ways, for example, the second main body 41 and the second protrusion 42 can be connected and fixed by welding.
  • the second connecting hole 43 is provided through the second protrusion 42 along the first direction X.
  • the second connecting hole 43 is connected to the second flow channel and is used to transfer the heat exchange medium.
  • the second protrusion 42 can be inserted into the heat exchange flow channel 12.
  • the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange flow channel 12 can be transferred into the second flow channel through the second connecting hole 43, thereby achieving the transfer of the heat exchange medium between the second flow channel and the heat exchange flow channel 12.
  • the first protrusion 32 can be deeply inserted into the heat exchange channel 12, and the relative positioning between the first guide plate 30 and the heat exchange structure 600 is achieved through a plug-in connection.
  • This not only meets the requirements for heat exchange medium transfer, but also improves the reliability of the relative position between the first guide plate 30 and the heat exchange structure 600.
  • the second protrusion 42 can be deeply inserted into the heat exchange channel 12, and the relative positioning between the second guide plate 40 and the heat exchange structure 600 is achieved through a plug-in connection. This not only meets the requirements for heat exchange medium transfer, but also improves the reliability of the relative position between the second guide plate 40 and the heat exchange structure 600.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, which includes the battery 100 in any of the aforementioned embodiments, and the battery 100 is used to provide electrical energy.
  • the electrical device provided in the embodiment of the present application has the beneficial effects of the battery 100 in any of the aforementioned embodiments. Please refer to the aforementioned description of the beneficial effects of the battery 100 for details, and the embodiment of the present application will not be repeated.
  • a battery 100 includes a battery cell 500, a heat exchange structure 600, a first guide plate 30, and a second guide plate 40.
  • the heat exchange structure 600 includes a housing 10 and a phase change structure 20.
  • the thermal conductivity of the housing 10 is greater than that of the phase change structure 20.
  • the housing 10 includes a first wall 13, a second wall 14, and a third wall 15.
  • the two first walls 13 are arranged opposite each other in a first direction X.
  • the second wall 14 is located between the two first walls 13 and connected to the first wall 13.
  • the second walls 14 enclose a heat exchange channel 12.
  • the first wall 13 includes a wall body 131 and a connecting portion 132 that are connected to each other.
  • the wall body 131 is arranged to surround the connecting portion 132.
  • the connecting portion 132 protrudes from the side of the wall body 131 facing the second wall 14 in the first direction X, and is fixedly connected to the second wall 14.
  • the heat exchange channel 12 is arranged to pass through the connecting portion 132.
  • the third wall 15 is disposed on the side of the second wall 14 facing away from the heat exchange channel 12.
  • the third wall 15 is connected to the first wall 13 and is at least partially spaced apart from the second wall 14.
  • the first wall 13, the second wall 14, and the third wall 15 together enclose a housing chamber 11, and the phase change structure 20 is located within the housing chamber 11.
  • the third wall 15 includes a first sub-portion 151, a second sub-portion 152 disposed on the side of the first sub-portion 151 facing away from the housing chamber 11, and a reinforcement portion 153 sandwiched between the first sub-portion 151 and the second sub-portion 152.
  • the first sub-portion 151 is connected to the first wall 13.
  • the third wall 15 has a first surface M1 and a second surface M2 opposite to each other.
  • the first surface M1 is used to enclose the housing chamber 11, and the second surface M2 has an arc-shaped structure and protrudes toward the housing chamber 11.
  • the first guide plate 30 is provided with a first flow channel and includes a first main body 31, a first protrusion 32 protruding from the side of the first main body 31 facing the heat exchange structure 600, and a first communication hole 33 extending through the first protrusion 32 and communicating with the first flow channel.
  • the first protrusion 32 is at least partially located within the heat exchange flow channel 12.
  • the second guide plate 40 is provided with a second flow channel and includes a second main body 41, a second protrusion 42 protruding from the side of the second main body 41 facing the heat exchange structure 600, and a second communication hole 43 extending through the second protrusion 42 and communicating with the second flow channel.
  • the second protrusion 42 is at least partially located within the heat exchange flow channel 12.

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种电池及用电装置，电池包括电池单体以及换热结构，换热结构包括外壳以及相变结构，外壳设有换热流道，以及与换热流道分隔设置的容纳腔，相变结构位于容纳腔内，且设置于电池单体与换热流道之间。在本申请实施例中，将相变结构设置在电池单体与换热流道之间，以此有助于提高电池的使用可靠性。具体地说，在高温环境下，相变结构能够将电池单体中的热量及时吸收并进行储存，然后在换热流道中流动的换热介质能够将相变结构内多余的热量及时散发，起到热稳定作用，提高电池在高温环境下的使用可靠性。而在低温情况下，相变结构内部储存的部分热量能够被电池单体吸收，从而能够提高电池单体的温度，实现电池在低温环境下的保温功能。

Description

电池及用电装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2024年3月5日提交的名称为“电池及用电装置”的中国专利申请202420423667.1的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种电池及用电装置。
背景技术
电池单体广泛用于电子设备，例如手机、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机、电动轮船、电动玩具汽车、电动玩具轮船、电动玩具飞机和电动工具等等。电池单体可以包括镉镍电池单体、氢镍电池单体、锂离子电池单体和二次碱性锌锰电池单体等。
但是在电池使用过程中，电池内的电池单体容易受到环境因素的影响，从而导致电池使用异常的风。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请提供了一种电池及用电装置，能够提高电池的可靠性。
一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池，电池包括电池单体以及换热结构，换热结构包括外壳以及相变结构，外壳设有换热流道，以及与换热流道分隔设置的容纳腔，相变结构位于容纳腔内，且设置于电池单体与换热流道之间。
在上述方案中，将相变结构设置在电池单体与换热流道之间，以此有助于提高电池的使用可靠性。具体地说，在高温环境下，相变结构能够将电池单体中的热量及时吸收并进行储存，然后在换热流道中流动的换热介质能够将相变结构内多余的热量及时散发，起到热稳定作用，提高电池在高温环境下的使用可靠性。而在低温情况下，相变结构内部储存的部分热量能够被电池单体所吸收，从而能够在一定程度上提高电池单体的温度，实现电池在低温环境下的保温功能，使得电池内部电池单体的温度能够维持在一定范围内，有助于提高电池的适用范围以及使用可靠性。
在一些实施例中，外壳包括沿第一方向相对设置的两个第一壁，换热流道贯穿第一壁设置，且容纳腔位于两个第一壁之间。
在上述方案中，通过设置两个第一壁，并使得换热流道贯穿两个第一壁设置，从而能够实现换热介质的循环流动，以此提高换热结构的换热能力。同时容纳腔位于两个第一壁之间，两个第一壁在第一方向上的间距，决定了容纳腔在第一方向上的尺寸。因此通过调节两个第一壁之间的距离关系，从而能够改变容纳腔的尺寸，满足不同情况下的使用需要，具有较强灵活性。
在一些实施例中，外壳还包括夹设在两个第一壁之间且与第一壁连接的第二壁，第二壁围合形成换热流道。
在上述方案中，通过设置第二壁，从而能够借助第二壁围合形成换热流道，满足换热介质的流动需要。同时第二壁的存在还能起到将相变结构以及换热介质隔绝开的作用，降低换热介质以及相变结构之间相互接触影响的风险，提高换热结构的整体可靠性。
在一些实施例中，第一壁包括相互连接设置的壁主体以及连接部，壁主体环绕包围连接部设置，连接部在第一方向上突出于壁主体朝向所述第二壁的一侧，且与第二壁连接固定，换热流道贯穿连接部设置。
在上述方案中，为了方便第一壁与第二壁之间的相互连接，将第一壁中的连接部设置为在第一方向上突出于壁主体朝向第二壁一侧设置，这样有助于降低连接部与第二壁之间的对位以及连接难度，以此提高第一壁与第二壁之间的连接可靠性。同时换热流道贯通连接部设置，换热介质可以从连接部处离开或进入换热流道，以此实现换热介质的循环流动，提高换热结构对应的换热能力。
在一些实施例中，外壳还包括设置在第二壁背离换热流道一侧的第三壁，第三壁连接于第一壁且至少部分与第二壁间隔设置，第一壁、第二壁以及第三壁共同围合形成容纳腔。
在上述方案中，外壳通过设置有第一壁、第二壁以及第三壁能够形成相互分隔独立的容纳腔以及换热流道，整体结构简单可靠性。同时第一壁、第二壁以及第三壁所围合形成的容纳腔可以为封闭腔体，这样可以对位于容纳腔内部的相变结构起到限位作用，以此降低相变结构发生相对移动的风险，提高换热结构的使用可靠性。
在一些实施例中，第三壁包括第一子部，设置于第一子部背离容纳腔一侧的第二子部，以及夹设于第一子部和第二子部之间的加强部，第一子部连接于第一壁。
在上述方案中，通过将第三壁设置为包括第一子部、第二子部以及加强件，从而能够借助加强件提高第三壁的整体结构强度。并且相较于第三壁为实心板状结构的方案，这样有助于降低第三壁的重量，具有较强的实用性。
在一些实施例中，第三壁包括相对的第一表面以及第二表面，第一表面用于围合形成容纳腔，第二表面呈弧状结构且向靠近容纳腔的方向突出。
在上述方案中，对第三壁中的第二表面的形状进行了调整，使得第二表面呈弧状结构且相靠近容纳腔的方向突出，即第二表面向远离相邻电池单体的方向突出。这种设计适用于电池单体呈圆柱体形状的情况，这样第二表面能够与电池单体的外轮廓相适配，以此提高换热结构以及电池单体之间相对位置的可靠性，进而提高换热结构对电池单体的温度控制效果，提高电池的使用可靠性。
在一些实施例中，第三壁的数量为多个，多个第三壁相互连接并环绕包围第二壁设置。
在上述方案中，为了实现对圆柱体状的电池单体的适配能力，因此对第三壁的形状进行了调整，使得第三壁中的第二表面包括与电池单体轮廓相适配的弧状结构。进一步地，为了使得单个换热结构能够同时对多个电池单体进行温度调节，因此将第三壁的数量设置为多个，不同第三壁分别与不同电池单体对应设置，能够使得单一换热结构能够同时对多个不同的电池单体进行温度调节，提高换热效率。
在一些实施例中，相变结构环绕包覆换热流道设置。
在上述方案中，通过将相变结构环绕包覆换热流道设置，从而使得换热介质能够在周向不同位置处实现与相变结构的热交换，以便在高温环境下，能够借助换热介质将来自电池单体的更多热量及时散发，提高高温环境下电池的使用可靠性。
在一些实施例中，外壳的导热系数大于相变结构的导热系数。
在上述方案中，由于外壳相对于相变结构能够具有更强的导热能力，因此在高温环境下，外壳可以将来自电池单体的热量快速且均匀地传递至相变结构的不同位置处，然后相变结构可以将多余的热量通过外壳快速且均匀地传递至换热介质中，以此满足电池的散热需要。而在低温环境下，相变结构中存储的部分热量可以通过外壳均匀地传递至电池单体的不同位置处，以此实现对电池单体的保温效果，具有较强实用性。
在一些实施例中，电池还包括间隔设置的第一导流板以及第二导流板，电池单体和换热结构设置于第一导流板与第二导流板之间。第一导流板设有第一流道，第二导流板设有第二流道，换热流道的两端分别连通于第一流道与第二流道。
在上述方案中，通过增设有第一导流板与第二导流板，从而能够使得换热流道能够与第一流道和第二流道相连通，以此实现换热介质的循环流动，有助于提高电池的换热效率。并且第一导流板与第二导流板还可以起到对电池单体以及换热结构的限位作用，提高换热结构以及电池单体之间相对位置的可靠性。
在一些实施例中，第一导流板包括第一主体部，突出设置于第一主体部朝向换热结构一侧的第一突出部，以及贯穿第一突出部并连通于第一流道的第一连通孔，第一突出部至少部分位于换热流道内。和/或，第二导流板包括第二主体部，突出设置于第二主体部朝向换热结构一侧的第二突出部，以及贯穿第二突出部并连通于第二流道的第二连通孔，第二突出部至少部分位于换热流道内。
在上述方案中，通过在第一导流板中设有第一突出部，从而使得第一突出部能够深入至换热流道内，通过插接连接的方式实现第一导流板与换热结构之间的相对定位，在满足换热介质转移需要的同时，提高第一导流板与换热结构之间相对位置的可靠性。同理通过在第二导流板中设有第二突出部，从而使得第二突出部能够深入至换热流道内，通过插接连接的方式实现第二导流板与换热结构之间的相对定位，在满足换热介质转移需要的同时，提高第二导流板与换热结构之间相对位置的可靠性。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种用电装置，用电装置包括前述任一实施方式中的电池，电池用于提供电能。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种车辆的结构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种电池的结构示意图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的一种电池的爆炸结构示意图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的一种电池中换热结构的结构示意图；
图5是图4对应的剖面结构示意图；
图6是本申请实施例提供的还一种电池中换热结构的结构示意图；
图7是图6中区域P处的放大结构示意图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的还一种电池中第一导流板的结构示意图；
图9是本申请实施例提供的还一种电池中第二导流板的结构示意图；
图10是本申请实施例提供的还一种电池中局部剖面结构示意图。
附图中：
1000、车辆；
100、电池；200、控制器；300、马达；400、箱体，401、第一箱体部；500、电池单体；600、换热结构；
10、外壳；11、容纳腔；12、换热流道；13、第一壁；131、壁主体；132、连接部；14、第二壁；15、第三壁；151、第一子部；152、第二子部；153、加强部；
20、相变结构；
30、第一导流板；31、第一主体部；32、第一突出部；33、第一连通孔；
40、第二导流板；41、第二主体部；42、第二突出部；43、第二连通孔；
M1、第一表面；M2、第二表面；
X、第一方向。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
本申请实施例中，电池单体可以为二次电池，二次电池是指在电池单体放电后可通过充电的方式使活性材料激活而继续使用的电池单体。
电池单体可以为锂离子电池、钠离子电池、钠锂离子电池、锂金属电池、钠金属电池、锂硫电池、镁离子电池、镍氢电池、镍镉电池、铅蓄电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。
在一些实施例中，电池可以为电池模块，电池单体有多个时，多个电池单体排列并固定形成一个电池模块。
在一些实施例中，电池可以为电池包，电池包包括箱体和电池单体，电池单体或电池模块容纳于箱体中。
在一些实施例中，箱体可以作为车辆的底盘结构的一部分。例如，箱体的部分可以成为车辆的地板的至少一部分，或者，箱体的部分可以成为车辆的横梁和纵梁的至少一部分。
在一些实施例中，电池可以为储能装置。储能装置包括储能集装箱、储能电柜等。
在电池使用过程中，不同的外界环境容易对电池内部的电池单体产生不同的影响。例如，在极寒等低温天气下，电池单体内部导电性和物质活性均会下降，并且电池单体的热启动速度降低。而在高温天气下，电池单体内部热量如若无法及时排出，则会引发出现热失控问题，不利于电池的正常使用。
基于上述技术问题，本申请提供了一种电池及用电装置，通过在电池内增设有相变结构，从而在低温环境下，利用相变结构实现对电池单体的保温功能；在高温环境下，利用相变结构实现对热量的及时吸收，并将热量散发至换热介质中，以实现及时散热，提高电池的使用可靠性。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池以及使用电池的用电装置，用电装置例如是手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等，其中，航天器例如是飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等，电动玩具例如包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，具体例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，电动工具例如包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，具体例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨。
本申请实施例描述的电池单体不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的用电装置，但为描述简洁，下述实施例均以电动汽车为例进行说明。
请参阅图1，图1为本申请实施例提供的一种车辆1000的简易示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部可以设置电池100，具体例如，在车辆1000的底部或车头或车尾可以设置电池100。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200例如用来控制电池为马达300的供电。电池可以用于车辆1000的启动、导航等，当然，电池100也可以用于驱动车辆1000行驶，替代或部分地替代燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动。
接下来将结合附图对电池100的结构进行具体描述，请参阅图2至图5，电池100包括电池单体500以及换热结构600，换热结构600包括外壳10以及相变结构20，外壳10设有换热流道12，以及与换热流道12分隔设置的容纳腔11，相变结构20位于容纳腔11内，且设置于电池单体500与换热流道12之间。
电池单体500是电池100中用于提供电能的主要部件，电池单体500可以具有多种形状方式。作为示例，电池单体500可以为圆柱形电池单体500、棱柱电池单体500、软包电池单体500或其它形状的电池单体500，棱柱电池单体500包括方壳电池单体500、刀片形电池单体500、多棱柱电池100，多棱柱电池100例如为六棱柱电池100等。
在电池100中，电池单体500可以是一个，也可以是多个。若电池单体500为多个，多个电池单体500之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体500中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体500之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体500构成的整体容纳于同一空间内。当然，也可以是多个电池单体500先串联或并联或混联组成电池100模块，多个电池100模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于同一空间内。
换热结构600是电池100中用于调节电池单体500温度的部件，换热结构600可以与电池单体500邻接设置，根据实际需要的不同，换热结构600与电池单体500可以直接接触设置，或者换热结构600与电池单体500之间也可以存在一定的间隙。
换热结构600与电池单体500之间可以具有多种位置方式，例如换热结构600可以围合形成容纳空间，电池100中可以包括有多个电池单体500，多个电池单体500共同容纳于该容纳空间内。进一步可选地，电池100中可以包括有多个电池单体500，换热结构600夹设在相邻电池单体500之间，这样有助于实现换热结构600对各电池单体500温度的调节，提高电池100的使用可靠性。
换热结构600包括外壳10以及相变结构20，外壳10是换热结构600中用于对内部结构起到保护支撑作用的主要部件。外壳10呈中空结构，外壳10内设有换热流道12以及容纳腔11，换热流道12是换热结构600中用于供换热介质移动的通道结构，其中，换热介质是换热结构600中用于传递热量的流体或物质，换热介质可以具有多种相态形式，例如换热介质可以呈液态结构，或者换热介质也可以呈气态结构。可选地，换热流道12可以与外部空间相连通，这样换热介质能够在换热结构600中循环流动，以此提高换热结构600的换热能力。
容纳腔11用于容纳相变结构20，相变结构20包括有相变材料，相变结构20具有在一定温度范围内改变其物理状态的能力。例如，当相变结构20周围温度升高到一定程度后，相变结构20就产生从固态到液态的相变。熔化的过程中，相变结构20吸收并储存大量的潜热，而当相变结构20周围温度降低到一定程度后，相变结构20内部储存的热量在一定的温度范围内要散发到相变结构20的外部，相变结构20进行从液态到固态的逆相变。
容纳腔11与换热流道12分隔设置，即容纳腔11与换热流道12不相连通。其中，容纳腔11与换热流道12可以具有多种形状结构，例如在换热流道12的轴向方向上，换热流道12的投影外轮廓也可以呈圆形、方形以及其他规则或不规则形状，同理容纳腔11的投影外轮廓也可以呈圆形、方形以及其他规则或不规则形状。进一步地，根据实际需要的不同，容纳腔11的投影外轮廓可以与换热流道12的投影外轮廓相同，或者容纳腔11的投影外轮廓也可以与换热流道12的投影外轮廓不同。
此外，容纳腔11与换热流道12可以具有多种位置形式，例如容纳腔11与换热流道12可以在单一或多个方向上并排设置，或者容纳腔11也可以环绕包围换热流道12设置。其中，容纳腔11可以为单一空间结构，或者容纳腔11也可以包括分隔设置的多个子腔，同理换热流道12可以仅包括一个通道结构，或者换热流道12也可以同时包括多个通道结构。
在此基础上，本申请实施例还将相变结构20设置在电池单体500与换热流道12之间，以此有助于提高电池100的使用可靠性。具体地说，在高温环境下，相变结构20能够将电池单体500中的热量及时吸收并进行储存，然后在换热流道12中流动的换热介质能够将相变结构20内多余的热量及时散发，起到热稳定作用，提高电池100在高温环境下的使用可靠性。而在低温情况下，相变结构20内部储存的部分热量能够被电池单体500所吸收，从而能够在一定程度上提高电池单体500的温度，实现电池100在低温环境下的保温功能，使得电池100内部电池单体500的温度能够维持在一定范围内，有助于提高电池100的适用范围以及使用可靠性。
需要说明的是，电池100除了包括换热结构600以及电池单体500外，还可以包括其他多种结构部件。例如电池100还可以包括有箱体400，箱体400用于容纳电池单体500以及换热结构600，箱体400可以是多种结构。例如，如图2所示，箱体400可以包括第一箱体部401和第二箱体部(图中未示出)，第一箱体部401与第二箱体部相互盖合，第一箱体部401和第二箱体部共同限定出用于容纳电池单体500的容纳部。其中，图2和图3示出了第一箱体部401为一端开口的中空结构的情况，可选地，与之对应的第二箱体部可以为板状结构，第二箱体部盖合于第一箱体部401的开口侧，以形成具有容纳部的箱体400。或者，第一箱体部401和第二箱体部也均可以是一侧开口的空心结构，第一箱体部401的开口侧盖合于第二箱体部的开口侧，以形成具有容纳部的箱体400。当然，第一箱体部401和第二箱体部可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在一些实施例中，如图4和图5所示，外壳10包括沿第一方向X相对设置的两个第一壁13，换热流道12贯穿第一壁13设置，且容纳腔11位于两个第一壁13之间。
外壳10至少包括有两个第一壁13，两个第一壁13在第一方向X上相对设置，其中，两个第一壁13在第一方向X上的投影外轮廓可以相同，或者两个第一壁13在第一方向X上的投影外轮廓也可以存在差异。
换热流道12贯穿第一壁13设置，这样换热流道12可以与外部相连通，以此能够实现换热介质在换热结构600内部以及外部结构之间的循环流动，提高换热结对应的换热能力。
在本申请实施例中，通过设置两个第一壁13，并使得换热流道12贯穿两个第一壁13设置，从而能够实现换热介质的循环流动，以此提高换热结构600的换热能力。同时容纳腔11位于两个第一壁13之间，两个第一壁13在第一方向X上的间距，决定了容纳腔11在第一方向X上的尺寸。因此通过调节两个第一壁13之间的距离关系，从而能够改变容纳腔11的尺寸，满足不同情况下的使用需要，具有较强灵活性。
在一些实施例中，外壳10还包括夹设在两个第一壁13之间且与第一壁13连接的第二壁14，第二壁14围合形成换热流道12。
外壳10至少包括第一壁13以及第二壁14，且第二壁14连接于第一壁13。其中，第一壁13与第二壁14之间可以具有多种连接方式，例如第一壁13与第二壁14可以为一体结构，或者第一壁13与第二壁14可以为分体结构，且两者通过焊接的方式连接固定。
第二壁14围合形成换热流道12，换热流道12的径向尺寸由第二壁14决定。其中，第二壁14的数量可以为一个或者也可以为多个。例如第二壁14的数量可以为一个并且呈中空圆柱体，或者第二壁14的数量为多个，多个第二壁14依次首尾相接，从而形成中空结构。
在本申请实施例中，通过设置第二壁14，从而能够借助第二壁14围合形成换热流道12，满足换热介质的流动需要。同时第二壁14的存在还能起到将相变结构20以及换热介质隔绝开的作用，降低换热介质以及相变结构20之间相互接触影响的风险，提高换热结构600的整体可靠性。
在一些实施例中，如图5所示，第一壁13包括相互连接设置的壁主体131以及连接部132，壁主体131环绕包围连接部132设置，连接部132在第一方向X上突出于壁主体131朝向所述第二壁14的一侧，且与第二壁14连接固定，换热流道12贯穿连接部132设置。
第一壁13至少包括壁主体131以及连接部132，壁主体131是第一壁13的主要组成部分，连接部132是第一壁13上用于与第二壁14连接固定的部分结构。其中，壁主体131与连接部132相互连接设置。可选地，两者可以为一体结构，或者两者也可以为分体式结构，并通过焊接等方式连接固定。
壁主体131环绕包围连接部132设置，壁主体131与连接部132可以有多种形状方式。例如壁主体131在第一方向X上的投影外轮廓可以呈圆形、方形以及其他规则形状或不规则形状，连接部132与之同理。进一步地，根据实际需要的不同，壁主体131的轮廓形状可以与连接部132的轮廓形状相匹配，或者也可以不相匹配。
在本申请实施例中，为了方便第一壁13与第二壁14之间的相互连接，将第一壁13中的连接部132设置为在第一方向X上突出于壁主体131朝向第二壁14一侧设置，这样有助于降低连接部132与第二壁14之间的对位以及连接难度，以此提高第一壁13与第二壁14之间的连接可靠性。同时换热流道12贯通连接部132设置，换热介质可以从连接部132处离开或进入换热流道12，以此实现换热介质的循环流动，提高换热结构600对应的换热能力。
需要说明的是，第二壁14与连接部132之间也可以具有多种连接方式，例如第二壁14与连接部132在第一方向X上抵接设置，并通过焊接的方式连接固定。或者连接部132上也可以设有凹槽结构，第二壁14与连接部132插接固定，以此也可以实现第二壁14与连接部132之间的连接固定。
此外，根据实际需要的不同，连接部132背离第二壁14的一侧可以与壁主体131背离第二壁14的一侧平齐设置，或者连接部132背离第二壁14的一侧也可以相对壁主体131背离第二壁14的一侧内凹或外凸设置。可选地，连接部132背离第二壁14的一侧相对壁主体131背离第二壁14的一侧外凸设置，这样有助于降低连接部132与外部其他结构之间的对位以及连接难度，提高实用性。
在一些实施例中，外壳10还包括设置在第二壁14背离换热流道12一侧的第三壁15，第三壁15连接于第一壁13且至少部分与第二壁14间隔设置，第一壁13、第二壁14以及第三壁15共同围合形成容纳腔11。
外壳10至少包括有第一壁13、第二壁14以及第三壁15，第三壁15连接于两个第一壁13，其中，第一壁13与第三壁15之间可以具有多种连接方式，例如第一壁13与第三壁15可以为一体结构，或者第一壁13与第三壁15可以为分体结构，且两者通过焊接的方式连接固定。
第三壁15设置在第二壁14背离换热流道12的一侧，且第三壁15中的至少部分结构与第二壁14间隔设置。其中，第三壁15的数量可以为一个，或者第三壁15的数量也可以为多个。可选地，第三壁15的数量为多个，多个第三壁15依次首尾相接，从而环绕包围第二壁14设置。
第一壁13、第二壁14以及第三壁15共同围合形成容纳腔11，即容纳腔11的尺寸由第一壁13、第二壁14以及第三壁15共同决定。进一步地，通过控制第三壁15的数量，以及第三壁15与第二壁14之间的相对位置关系，从而能够调节容纳腔11的尺寸以及形状等。具体地说，例如第三壁15的数量可以为多个，多个第三壁15在第二壁14的周侧间隔设置，并且各第三壁15的两端分别与第二壁14连接，这样每个第三壁15都能够与第一壁13与第二壁14共同构成封闭的空腔结构，以此使得容纳腔11能够包括多个独立分隔的子腔结构，满足不同情况下的使用需要。
在本申请实施例中，外壳10通过设置有第一壁13、第二壁14以及第三壁15能够形成相互分隔独立的容纳腔11以及换热流道12，整体结构简单可靠性。同时第一壁13、第二壁14以及第三壁15所围合形成的容纳腔11可以为封闭腔体，这样可以对位于容纳腔11内部的相变结构20起到限位作用，以此降低相变结构20发生相对移动的风险，提高换热结构600的使用可靠性。
在一些实施例中，请参阅图3、图5至图7，第三壁15包括第一子部151，设置于第一子部151背离容纳腔11一侧的第二子部152，以及夹设于第一子部151和第二子部152之间的加强部153，第一子部151连接于第一壁13。
第三壁15至少包括第一子部151、第二子部152以及加强部153，第一子部151是第三壁15中用于围合形成容纳腔11的部件，第一子部151连接于第一壁13，两者之间可以具有多种连接方式，例如第一子部151与第一壁13可以通过焊接或插接等方式连接固定。
第二子部152位于第一子部151背离容纳腔11的一侧，第二子部152可以是换热结构600中距离电池单体500最近的部件。其中，第二子部152可以与电池单体500接触设置，或者第二子部152也可以与电池单体500间隔设置。
第二子部152与第一子部151间隔设置，根据实际需要的不同，第二子部152的形状尺寸可以与第一子部151的形状尺寸一致，或者第二子部152的形状尺寸也可以与第一子部151的形状尺寸不同。
加强件设置在第一子部151与第二子部152之间，加强件是具有一定结构强度的部件，加强件的存在可以提高第三壁15的结构强度。加强件可以具有多种形式，例如加强件可以包括加强筋，加强筋的数量为多个，多个加强筋间隔设置，以提高第三壁15在不同位置处的结构强度。
在本申请实施例中，通过将第三壁15设置为包括第一子部151、第二子部152以及加强件，从而能够借助加强件提高第三壁15的整体结构强度。并且相较于第三壁15为实心板状结构的方案，这样有助于降低第三壁15的重量，具有较强的实用性。
在一些实施例中，如图3、图5至图7所示，第三壁15包括相对的第一表面M1以及第二表面M2，第一表面M1用于围合形成容纳腔11，第二表面M2呈弧状结构且向靠近容纳腔11的方向突出。
第一表面M1与第二表面M2为相对的两个表面，其中，第一表面M1是第三壁15中靠近容纳腔11的表面，第二表面M2是第三壁15中靠近电池单体500的表面。以第三壁15包括第一子部151以及第二子部152为例，第一表面M1是第一子部151上背离第二子部152的表面，第二表面M2是第二子部152上背离第一子部151的表面。
在本申请实施例中，对第三壁15中的第二表面M2的形状进行了调整，使得第二表面M2呈弧状结构且相靠近容纳腔11的方向突出，即第二表面M2向远离相邻电池单体500的方向突出。这种设计适用于电池单体500呈圆柱体形状的情况，这样第二表面M2能够与电池单体500的外轮廓相适配，以此提高换热结构600以及电池单体500之间相对位置的可靠性，进而提高换热结构600对电池单体500的温度控制效果，提高电池100的使用可靠性。
需要说明的是，第一表面M1可以具有多种形状方式。可选地，第一表面M1的形状与第二表面M2类似，即第一表面M1也呈弧状结构且向靠近容纳腔11的方向突出。
在一些实施例中，如图5和图6所示，第三壁15的数量为多个，多个第三壁15相互连接并环绕包围第二壁14设置。
在本申请实施例中，为了实现对圆柱体状的电池单体500的适配能力，因此对第三壁15的形状进行了调整，使得第三壁15中的第二表面M2包括与电池单体500轮廓相适配的弧状结构。进一步地，为了使得单个换热结构600能够同时对多个电池单体500进行温度调节，因此将第三壁15的数量设置为多个，不同第三壁15分别与不同电池单体500对应设置，能够使得单一换热结构600能够同时对多个不同的电池单体500进行温度调节，提高换热效率。
需要说明的是，第三壁15的数量可以具有多种形式，例如第三壁15的数量为四个，四个第三壁15可以与四个不同的电池单体500对应设置，此时换热结构600在第一方向X上的投影可以呈类十字形结构，并且换热结构600夹设在四个电池单体500之间。
此外，根据电池100内电池单体500数量的不同，换热结构600的数量可以为一个，或者换热结构600的数量也可以为多个，示例性地，电池单体500以及换热结构600的数量均为多个，多个电池单体500分别沿第一方向X以及第二方向阵列排布，多个换热结构600分别沿第一方向X和第二方向阵列设置，第一方向X与第二方向相交设置。
在一些实施例中，相变结构20环绕包覆换热流道12设置。
容纳腔11可以呈环状结构，这样位于容纳腔11内的相变结构20能够环绕包括换热流道12设置。其中相变结构20呈单个整体结构，并完全包覆换热流道12设置。或者相变结构20也可以包括多个子部，多个子部依次首尾相接，并且不同子部分别覆盖换热流道12的不同位置处，以共同环绕包覆换热流道12设置。
在本申请实施例中，通过将相变结构20环绕包覆换热流道12设置，从而使得换热介质能够在周向不同位置处实现与相变结构20的热交换，以便在高温环境下，能够借助换热介质将来自电池单体500的更多热量及时散发，提高高温环境下电池100的使用可靠性。
在一些实施例中，外壳10的导热系数大于相变结构20的导热系数。
导热系数是指在稳定传热条件下，1米厚的材料，两侧表面的温差为1度的情况下，在1秒内，通过1平方米面积传递的热量。通常导热系数越高，对应着该结构具有更强的热量传递能力，因此外壳10的导热系数大于相变结构20的导热系数，即外壳10相对于相变结构20能够具有更强的导热能力。
在本申请实施例中，由于外壳10相对于相变结构20能够具有更强的导热能力，因此在高温环境下，外壳10可以将来自电池单体500的热量快速且均匀地传递至相变结构20的不同位置处，然后相变结构20可以将多余的热量通过外壳10快速且均匀地传递至换热介质中，以此满足电池100的散热需要。而在低温环境下，相变结构20中存储的部分热量可以通过外壳10均匀地传递至电池单体500的不同位置处，以此实现对电池单体500的保温效果，具有较强实用性。
在一些实施例中，请参阅图3、图8至图10，电池100还包括间隔设置的第一导流板30以及第二导流板40，电池单体500和换热结构600设置于第一导流板30与第二导流板40之间。第一导流板30设有第一流道，第二导流板40设有第二流道，换热流道12的两端分别连通于第一流道与第二流道。
第一导流板30与第二导流板40均可以用于实现换热介质的循环流动，其中第一导流板30设有第一流道，第二导流板40设有第二流道，第一流道与第二流道分别与换热流道12的两端相连通。示例性地，换热流道12上与第一流道连通的端口为进口端，换热流道12上与第二流道连通的端口为出口端，换热介质通过第一流道进入至换热流道12内，在完成与相变结构20的热交换后，从第二流道离开换热流道12。
进一步地，第一导流板30与第二导流板40在第一方向X上间隔设置，电池单体500与换热结构600夹设于第一导流板30与第二导流板40之间。在这种设计下，第一导流板30与第二导流板40还能起到对电池单体500以及换热结构600的限位作用，提高换热结构600以及电池单体500之间相对位置的可靠性。
综上，本申请实施例通过增设有第一导流板30与第二导流板40，从而能够使得换热流道12能够与第一流道和第二流道相连通，以此实现换热介质的循环流动，有助于提高电池100的换热效率。并且第一导流板30与第二导流板40还可以起到对电池单体500以及换热结构600的限位作用，提高换热结构600以及电池单体500之间相对位置的可靠性。
在一些实施例中，第一导流板30包括第一主体部31，突出设置于第一主体部31朝向换热结构600一侧的第一突出部32，以及贯穿第一突出部32并连通于第一流道的第一连通孔33，第一突出部32至少部分位于换热流道12内。和/或，第二导流板40包括第二主体部41，突出设置于第二主体部41朝向换热结构600一侧的第二突出部42，以及贯穿第二突出部42并连通于第二流道的第二连通孔43，第二突出部42至少部分位于换热流道12内。
第一导流板30至少包括第一主体部31以及第一突出部32，第一主体部31是第一导流板30中的主要部分，第一流道可以位于第一主体部31内。第一突出部32连接于第一主体部31并相对第一主体部31朝向换热结构600一侧突出设置，其中，第一突出部32与第一主体部31之间可以具有多种连接形式，例如第一主体部31与第一突出部32之间可以采用焊接的方式连接固定。
第一连通孔33沿第一方向X贯穿第一突出部32设置，第一连通孔33与第一流道连通，第一连通孔33用于实现换热介质的转移。具体地说，第一突出部32可以插入至换热流道12中，在此基础上，位于第一流道内的换热介质可以通过第一突出部32上的第一连通孔33转移至换热流道12内，以此实现换热介质在第一流道与换热流道12之间的转移。
第二导流板40至少包括第二主体部41以及第二突出部42，第二主体部41是第二导流板40中的主要部分，第二流道可以位于第二主体部41内。第二突出部42连接于第二主体部41并相对第二主体部41朝向换热结构600一侧突出设置，其中，第二突出部42与第二主体部41之间可以具有多种连接形式，例如第二主体部41与第二突出部42之间可以采用焊接的方式连接固定。
第二连通孔43沿第一方向X贯穿第二突出部42设置，第二连通孔43与第二流道连通，第二连通孔43用于实现换热介质的转移。具体地说，第二突出部42可以插入至换热流道12中，在此基础上，位于换热流道12内的换热介质可以通过第二连通孔43转移至第二流道内，以此实现换热介质在第二流道与换热流道12之间的转移。
在本申请实施例中，通过在第一导流板30中设有第一突出部32，从而使得第一突出部32能够深入至换热流道12内，通过插接连接的方式实现第一导流板30与换热结构600之间的相对定位，在满足换热介质转移需要的同时，提高第一导流板30与换热结构600之间相对位置的可靠性。同理通过在第二导流板40中设有第二突出部42，从而使得第二突出部42能够深入至换热流道12内，通过插接连接的方式实现第二导流板40与换热结构600之间的相对定位，在满足换热介质转移需要的同时，提高第二导流板40与换热结构600之间相对位置的可靠性。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种用电装置，用电装置包括前述任一实施方式中的电池100，电池100用于提供电能。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例提供的用电装置具有前述任一实施方式中电池100的有益效果，具体请参照前述对电池100有益效果的描述，本申请实施例不再赘述。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，请参阅图3至图10，电池100包括电池单体500、换热结构600、第一导流板30以及第二导流板40，换热结构600包括外壳10以及相变结构20，外壳10的导热系数大于相变结构20的导热系数。外壳10包括第一壁13、第二壁14以及第三壁15，两个第一壁13在第一方向X上相对设置，第二壁14位于两个第一壁13之间且连接于第一壁13，第二壁14围合形成换热流道12。
第一壁13包括相互连接设置的壁主体131以及连接部132，壁主体131环绕包围连接部132设置，连接部132在第一方向X上突出于壁主体131朝向第二壁14的一侧，且与第二壁14连接固定，换热流道12贯穿连接部132设置。
第三壁15设置在第二壁14背离换热流道12的一侧，第三壁15连接于第一壁13且至少部分与第二壁14间隔设置，第一壁13、第二壁14以及第三壁15共同围合形成容纳腔11，相变结构20位于容纳腔11内。第三壁15包括第一子部151、设置于第一子部151背离容纳腔11一侧的第二子部152，以及夹设于第一子部151和第二子部152之间的加强部153，第一子部151连接于第一壁13。第三壁15具有相对的第一表面M1以及第二表面M2，第一表面M1用于围合形成容纳腔11，第二表面M2呈弧状结构且向靠近容纳腔11的方向突出。
第一导流板30设有第一流道并包括第一主体部31，突出设置于第一主体部31朝向换热结构600一侧的第一突出部32，以及贯穿第一突出部32并连通第一流道的第一连通孔33，第一突出部32至少部分位于换热流道12内。第二导流板40设有第二流道并包括第二主体部41，突出设置于第二主体部41朝向换热结构600一侧的第二突出部42，以及贯穿第二突出部42并连通第二流道的第二连通孔43，第二突出部42至少部分位于换热流道12内。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种电池，包括：
    电池单体；
    换热结构，包括外壳以及相变结构，所述外壳设有换热流道，以及与所述换热流道分隔设置的容纳腔，所述相变结构位于所述容纳腔内，且设置于所述电池单体与所述换热流道之间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其中，所述外壳包括沿第一方向相对设置的两个第一壁，所述换热流道贯穿所述第一壁设置，且所述容纳腔位于两个所述第一壁之间。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池，其中，所述外壳还包括夹设于两个所述第一壁之间且与所述第一壁连接的第二壁，所述第一壁围合形成所述换热流道。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池，其中，所述第一壁包括壁主体以及突出设置于所述壁主体的连接部，所述连接部与所述第二壁在所述第一方向上连接固定，且所述换热流道贯穿所述连接部设置。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的电池，其中，所述外壳还包括设置在所述第二壁背离所述换热流道一侧的第三壁，所述第三壁连接于所述第一壁且与所述第二壁间隔设置；
    所述第一壁、所述第二壁以及所述第三壁围合形成所述容纳腔。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池，其中，所述第三壁包括第一子部、设置于所述第一子部背离所述容纳腔一侧的第二子部，以及夹设于所述第一子部和所述第二子部之间的加强部；
    所述第一子部连接于所述第一壁。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的电池，其中，所述第三壁包括相对的第一表面以及第二表面，所述第一表面用于围合形成所述容纳腔，所述第二表面呈弧状结构且向靠近所述容纳腔的方向突出。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池，其中，所述第三壁的数量为多个，多个所述第三壁相互连接并环绕包围所述第二壁设置。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其中，所述相变结构环绕包覆所述换热流道设置。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的换热组件，其中，所述外壳的导热系数大于所述相变结构的导热系数。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，还包括间隔设置的第一导流板以及第二导流板，所述电池单体和所述换热结构设置于所述第一导流板与所述第二导流板之间；
    所述第一导流板设有第一流道，所述第二导流板设有第二流道，所述换热流道的两端分别连通于所述第一流道与所述第二流道。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池，其中，所述第一导流板括第一主体部，突出设置于所述第一主体部朝向所述换热结构一侧的第一突出部，以及贯穿所述第一突出部并连通于所述第一流道的第一连通孔，所述第一突出部至少部分位于所述换热流道内；和/或，
    所述第二导流板包括第二主体部，突出设置于所述第二主体部朝向所述换热结构一侧的第二突出部，以及贯穿所述第二突出部并连通所述第二流道的第二连通孔，所述第二突出部至少部分位于所述换热流道内。
  13. 一种用电装置，包括如权利要求1至12任一项所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2025/079064 2024-03-05 2025-02-25 电池及用电装置 Pending WO2025185488A1 (zh)

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