WO2025162011A1 - 充电系统、充电控制方法、控制器及车辆 - Google Patents
充电系统、充电控制方法、控制器及车辆Info
- Publication number
- WO2025162011A1 WO2025162011A1 PCT/CN2025/073106 CN2025073106W WO2025162011A1 WO 2025162011 A1 WO2025162011 A1 WO 2025162011A1 CN 2025073106 W CN2025073106 W CN 2025073106W WO 2025162011 A1 WO2025162011 A1 WO 2025162011A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- contactor
- charging
- bridge arm
- bridge
- switch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
- B60L53/62—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to charging parameters, e.g. current, voltage or electrical charge
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to the field of vehicle technology, and in particular to a charging system, a charging control method, a controller, and a vehicle.
- the voltage range of power batteries of different models is getting wider and wider, the charging power requirements are also uneven, and the output capacity of charging piles from different manufacturers is different. It is necessary to charge the power battery by boosting or stepping down the voltage. Before the power battery is officially charged, the pre-charge capacitor needs to be pre-charged through the capacitor pre-charge circuit to protect the power battery from being damaged by large current.
- the purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a charging system, a charging control method, a controller and a vehicle, so as to overcome the problems existing in the related art.
- a charging system comprising a charging circuit and a controller, the charging circuit being connected to the controller, the charging circuit comprising: an inductive element, a bridge arm module, and a switch assembly, the charging system being used to charge a power battery;
- One end of the switch assembly is suitable for connecting to the power supply device, and the other end is connected to the first end of the inductive element; the second end of the inductive element is suitable for connecting to the power battery through the bridge arm module;
- the controller is used to control the switch component and the bridge arm module according to the target charging mode to charge the power battery through the power supply device and/or the inductive element.
- the target charging mode includes: at least one of a boost charging mode, a buck charging mode and a direct charging mode.
- controller is further configured to:
- the target charging mode is determined from preset charging modes according to the output voltage of the power supply device and the battery voltage of the power battery.
- the switch assembly includes a first switch assembly and a second switch assembly
- the power battery is suitable for being connected to the power supply device through the first switch component and the second switch component.
- the power battery is also suitable for being connected to the bridge arm module through the first switch component.
- the inductive element is suitable for being connected to the power supply device through the second switch component.
- the charging circuit further includes: a pre-charge capacitor
- the pre-charge capacitor is suitable for being connected in parallel with the power battery through the first switch assembly, and the pre-charge capacitor is also connected to the bridge arm module;
- the controller is used to control the switch component and the bridge arm module according to the target charging mode, so as to pre-charge the pre-charge capacitor through the power supply device and/or the inductive element.
- the charging circuit further includes: a filter capacitor
- One end of the filter capacitor is connected to the bridge arm module, and the other end of the filter capacitor is connected to the inductive element.
- the first end of the pre-charge capacitor is connected to the upper bridge arm of the bridge arm module
- the second end of the pre-charge capacitor is connected to the lower bridge arm of the bridge arm module
- the midpoint of the bridge arm of the bridge arm module is connected to the first end of the inductive element
- the second end of the inductive element is connected to the second switch component
- the upper bridge arm of the bridge arm module is also connected to the second switch component
- the lower bridge arm of the bridge arm module is also connected to the second switch component.
- the first switch assembly includes: a first contactor, a second contactor and a third contactor;
- the second switch assembly includes: a first switch tube, a second switch tube and a fourth contactor;
- the first end of the first contactor is suitable for connecting to the first end of the power battery, and the second end of the first contactor is connected to the first end of the pre-charge capacitor;
- the first end of the second contactor is suitable for connecting to the second end of the power battery, and the second end of the second contactor is connected to the second end of the pre-charge capacitor;
- the first end of the third contactor is suitable for connecting to the first end of the power battery, and the second end of the third contactor is connected to the second end of the inductive element;
- the first end of the first switch tube is connected to the upper bridge arm of the bridge arm module, and the second end of the first switch tube is suitable for connecting to the first end of the power supply device;
- the first end of the fourth contactor is connected to the lower bridge arm of the bridge arm module, and the second end of the fourth contactor is suitable for connecting to the second end of the power supply device;
- the first end of the second switching tube is connected to the second end of the inductive element, and the second end of the second switching tube is suitable for being connected to the first end of the power supply device.
- controller is specifically configured to:
- the controller is specifically used for:
- the upper bridge and the lower bridge of the bridge arm module are periodically controlled to be alternately turned on, so as to boost charge the power battery according to the boost charging mode.
- controller is specifically configured to:
- the controller is specifically used for:
- the switch tubes of the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm of the bridge arm module are periodically controlled to be alternately turned on, so as to perform step-down charging for the power battery according to the step-down charging mode.
- controller is specifically configured to:
- the controller is specifically used for:
- the first switch tube is periodically turned on, and after the output voltage of the power supply device is maintained in a preset voltage range, the first switch tube is kept turned on to directly charge the power battery in the direct charging mode.
- One end of the switch tube is adapted to be electrically connected to the power supply device via the charging port, and the other end is connected to the first end of the inductive element;
- the controller is used to:
- the charging system When the charging system operates in a boost charging mode, the operating state of the switch tube is controlled, and a boost charging circuit is formed using the inductive element and the bridge arm module to boost the voltage received by the charging port to charge the power battery;
- the switch assembly includes: a first switch tube and a second switch tube;
- the first end of the first switch tube is adapted to be electrically connected to the first end of the charging port
- the second end of the first switching tube is electrically connected to the first end of the inductive element
- the first end of the second switch tube is electrically connected to the first end of the inductive element
- the second end of the second switch tube is adapted to be electrically connected to the second end of the charging port
- the charging system further comprises: a filter capacitor
- One end of the filter capacitor is electrically connected to the first end of the inductive element, and the other end is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the bridge arm module;
- the filter capacitor is used to filter the electric energy received by the charging port.
- the charging system further includes: a fifth contactor or a fourth contactor;
- One end of the fifth contactor is electrically connected to the second end of the switch tube, and the other end is connected to the first end of the inductive element;
- the fifth contactor is used to control the on/off of the circuit between the second end of the switch tube and the first end of the inductive element;
- One end of the fourth contactor is electrically connected to the negative end of the bridge arm module, and the other end is suitable for being electrically connected to the second end of the charging port;
- the fourth contactor is used to control the on/off of the circuit between the charging port and the negative terminal of the bridge arm module.
- the first switch tube includes: a first field effect tube;
- the second switch tube includes: a second field effect tube;
- the first end of the first field effect transistor is adapted to be electrically connected to the first end of the charging port, the third end is adapted to receive a first control signal, and the second end is electrically connected to the first end of the inductive element;
- the first end of the second field effect tube is electrically connected to the first end of the inductive element, the third end is suitable for receiving the second control signal, and the second end is electrically connected to the second end of the charging port and the negative terminal of the power battery respectively.
- the inductive element includes: N-phase windings;
- the bridge arm module includes: N bridge arms connected in parallel;
- the first end of the N-phase winding is electrically connected to the other end of the switch tube;
- N is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
- controller is specifically configured to:
- the first switch tube is controlled to be closed, the second switch tube is controlled to be opened, and the upper bridge of each of the N bridge arms is controlled to be closed, and the lower bridge of at least one bridge arm is controlled to be turned on for a first preset time, so that the electric energy received by the charging port is used to charge the N-phase winding;
- the lower bridges of the N bridge arms are controlled to be closed and the upper bridge of at least one bridge arm is turned on, so that the charging port and the N-phase winding jointly charge the power battery;
- controller is specifically configured to:
- the first switch tube is controlled to be closed
- the second switch tube is controlled to be open
- the lower bridge of each of the N bridge arms is controlled to be closed and the upper bridge of at least one bridge arm is controlled to be turned on, so that the charging port charges the N-phase winding and the power battery simultaneously;
- the first switch tube is controlled to be off, the second switch tube is controlled to be on, and the lower bridge of each of the N bridge arms is controlled to be off and the upper bridge of at least one bridge arm is controlled to be on, so that the N-phase winding is freewheeling to reduce the voltage and charge the power battery;
- the charging system further comprises: a pre-charging capacitor, a first contactor and a second contactor;
- the pre-charge capacitor is electrically connected to the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the power battery
- the controller is specifically used for:
- the first switch tube is controlled to be closed
- the second switch tube is controlled to be disconnected
- the first contactor and the second contactor are controlled to be disconnected
- the upper bridge of each of the N bridge arms is controlled to be closed
- the lower bridge of at least one bridge arm is controlled to be turned on for a second preset time, so that the electric energy received by the charging port or the electric energy provided by the in-vehicle power supply is used to charge the three-phase winding
- the lower bridges of the N bridge arms are controlled to be closed and the upper bridge of at least one bridge arm is turned on, so that the power received by the charging port or the power provided by the in-vehicle power supply and the three-phase winding freewheeling jointly charge the pre-charge capacitor, and this process is repeated until the difference between the voltage of the pre-charge capacitor and the current real-time voltage of the power battery is within a preset range;
- the charging system operates in the buck pre-charging mode
- the first contactor and the second contactor are controlled to be disconnected, the first switch tube is closed, the second switch tube is disconnected, and the lower bridge of each of the N bridge arms is controlled to be closed and the upper bridge of at least one bridge arm is turned on. Then, the electric energy received by the charging port or the electric energy provided by the in-vehicle power supply is used to charge the N-phase winding and the pre-charging capacitor simultaneously;
- the first contactor and the second contactor are controlled to be disconnected, the first switch tube is turned off, and the second switch tube is closed.
- the lower bridge of each of the N bridge arms is controlled to be closed, and the upper bridge of at least one bridge arm is turned on.
- the N-phase winding continues to freewheel to reduce the voltage of the pre-charge capacitor and charge it. This process is repeated until the difference between the voltage of the pre-charge capacitor and the current real-time voltage of the power battery is within a preset range.
- the first switch tube is controlled to be closed, the second switch tube is controlled to be disconnected, the first contactor and the second contactor are controlled to be disconnected, and the lower bridge of each of the N bridge arms is controlled to be closed, and the upper bridge of at least one bridge arm is controlled to be turned on.
- the electric energy received by the charging port or the electric energy provided by the in-vehicle power supply is input to the pre-charging capacitor through the N-phase winding and the upper bridge of the at least one bridge arm, and the pre-charging capacitor is directly charged until the voltage of the pre-charging capacitor is within a preset range of the current real-time voltage of the power battery.
- the power supply device includes a DC power supply
- the first end of the bridge arm module is suitable for being connected to the positive electrode of the power battery
- the second end of the bridge arm module is suitable for being connected to the negative electrode of the power battery
- the first end of the inductive element is suitable for being connected to the DC power supply through the switch assembly
- the midpoint of the bridge arm of the bridge arm module is connected to the second end of the inductive element
- the second end of the bridge arm module is suitable for being connected to the DC power supply
- the controller controls the switching state of the switch component so that the bridge arm module and the inductive element form a boost circuit
- the controller controls the switching state of the switch component so that the bridge arm module and the inductive element form a step-down circuit.
- the switch assembly includes a first contactor and a second contactor
- the positive pole of the power battery is suitable for connecting to the first end of the first contactor
- the second end of the first contactor is connected to the first end of the bridge arm module
- the negative pole of the power battery is suitable for connecting to the first end of the second contactor
- the second end of the second contactor is connected to the second end of the bridge arm module.
- the switch assembly also includes: a third contactor, a sixth contactor, and a seventh contactor, the first end of the first contactor being connected to the first end of the third contactor, the second end of the first contactor being connected to the first end of the seventh contactor, the second end of the seventh contactor being suitable for connecting the positive pole of the DC power supply and the first end of the sixth contactor, the second end of the third contactor being connected to the second end of the sixth contactor, the second end of the sixth contactor being suitable for connecting to the first end of the inductive element, and the negative pole of the DC power supply being suitable for connecting to the second end of the bridge arm module.
- the charging system further includes a pre-charge capacitor, the second end of the first contactor is connected to the first end of the pre-charge capacitor, and the second end of the second contactor is connected to the second end of the pre-charge capacitor.
- the bridge arm module includes N bridge arm units in parallel, each bridge arm unit includes an upper bridge switch tube and a lower bridge switch tube connected in series;
- the inductive element includes N inductors; the first ends of the N inductors are connected to the second end of the sixth contactor, and the second ends of the N inductors are connected one-to-one with the bridge arm midpoints of the N bridge arm units, the bridge arm midpoint of each bridge arm unit is the connection point of the upper bridge switch tube and the lower bridge switch tube of each bridge arm unit, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
- the switch assembly further comprises: a fourth contactor and a fifth contactor;
- the negative electrode of the DC power supply is suitable for connecting to the first end of the fourth contactor, and the second end of the fourth contactor is connected to the second end of the second contactor;
- the second end of the sixth contactor is connected to the first end of the fifth contactor, and the second end of the fifth contactor is connected to the first end of the inductive element.
- the charging system further includes a filter capacitor, a first end of the filter capacitor is connected to the second end of the sixth contactor, and a second end of the filter capacitor is connected to the second end of the fourth contactor.
- the controller controls the switching state of the switch component so that the bridge arm module and the inductive element form a boost circuit, including:
- the controller controls the sixth contactor, the fourth contactor, and the fifth contactor to be closed, the third contactor and the seventh contactor to be opened, at least one lower bridge switch tube of the bridge arm module to be turned on, and N upper bridge switch tubes of the bridge arm module to be turned off, so that the DC power supply charges the inductive element;
- the controller controls the first contactor, the second contactor, the sixth contactor, the fourth contactor, and the fifth contactor to be closed, the third contactor and the seventh contactor to be opened, at least one upper bridge switch tube of the bridge arm module to be turned on, and the N lower bridge switch tubes of the bridge arm module to be turned off, so that the DC power supply and the inductive element charge the power battery.
- the controller controls the switching state of the switch component so that the bridge arm module and the inductive element form a step-down circuit, including:
- the controller controls the second contactor, the third contactor, the seventh contactor, the fourth contactor, and the fifth contactor to be closed, the first contactor and the sixth contactor to be opened, at least one upper bridge switch tube of the bridge arm module to be turned on, and N lower bridge switch tubes of the bridge arm module to be turned off, so that the DC power supply charges the inductive element and the power battery;
- the controller controls the second contactor, the third contactor, and the fifth contactor to be closed, the first contactor and the sixth contactor to be opened, at least one lower bridge switch tube of the bridge arm module to be turned on, and N upper bridge switch tubes of the bridge arm module to be turned off, so that the inductive element charges the power battery.
- the controller controls the switching state of the switch component so that the bridge arm module and the inductive element form a pre-charging circuit.
- the controller controls the switching state of the switch component so that the bridge arm module and the inductive element form a pre-charging circuit, including:
- the controller controls the sixth contactor, the fourth contactor, and the fifth contactor to be closed, the first contactor, the second contactor, the third contactor, and the seventh contactor to be opened, at least one lower bridge switch tube of the bridge arm module to be turned on, and N upper bridge switch tubes of the bridge arm module to be turned off, so that the DC power supply charges the inductive element;
- the controller controls the sixth contactor, the fourth contactor, and the fifth contactor to be closed, the first contactor, the second contactor, the third contactor, and the seventh contactor to be disconnected, at least one upper bridge switch tube of the bridge arm module to be turned on, and the N lower bridge switch tubes of the bridge arm module to be disconnected, so that the DC power supply and the inductive element charge the pre-charge capacitor.
- a charging control method comprising:
- a target charging mode from preset charging modes according to the output voltage of the power supply device and the battery voltage of the power battery, wherein the preset charging mode includes at least one of a boost charging mode, a buck charging mode, and a direct charging mode;
- the switch assembly and the energy storage module are controlled to charge the power battery through the power supply device and/or the energy storage module.
- a controller including:
- a processor is used to execute the computer program in the memory to implement the steps of the method described in the second aspect of the embodiment of the present disclosure.
- a vehicle comprising the controller described in the second aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, or the charging system described in the first aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the charging system in the present disclosure includes a charging circuit and a controller, and the charging circuit is connected to the controller.
- the charging circuit includes: an inductive element, a bridge arm module and a switch assembly, and the charging system is used to charge the power battery.
- One end of the switch assembly is suitable for being connected to the power supply device, and the other end is electrically connected to the first end of the inductive element, and the second end of the inductive element is suitable for being connected to the power battery through the bridge arm module.
- the controller controls the switch assembly and the bridge arm module according to the target charging mode to charge the power battery through the power supply device and/or the inductive element.
- the target charging mode includes at least one of a boost charging mode, a buck charging mode and a direct charging mode.
- the present disclosure reuses the original inductive element and bridge arm module of the vehicle to pre-charge the pre-charge capacitor and charge the power battery according to the target charging mode, and can be compatible with power supply devices of different voltages without adding additional circuit structures.
- FIG1 is a block diagram of a charging system according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG2 is a block diagram of another charging system according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a charging system according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG4 is a schematic diagram showing a flow of charging current according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG5 is a schematic diagram showing another charging current flow direction according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG6 is a schematic diagram showing another charging current flow direction according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG7 is a schematic diagram showing another charging current flow direction according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG8 is a schematic diagram showing another charging current flow direction according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG9 is a schematic diagram showing another charging current flow according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG10 is a schematic diagram showing another charging current flow direction according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG11 is a schematic diagram showing another charging current flow according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG12 is a schematic diagram showing another charging current flow according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG13 is a schematic diagram showing another charging current flow according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG14 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging system according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG15 is a schematic structural diagram of another charging system according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG16 is a schematic diagram showing another charging current flow according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG17 is a schematic diagram showing another charging current flow according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG18 is a schematic diagram showing another charging current flow according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG19 is a schematic diagram showing another charging current flow according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG20 is a schematic diagram showing another charging current flow according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG21 is a schematic diagram showing another charging current flow according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG22 is a schematic diagram showing another charging current flow according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG23 is a schematic diagram showing another charging current flow according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG24 is a schematic structural diagram of another charging system according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG25 is a schematic structural diagram of another charging system according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG26 is a schematic diagram showing a flow of charging current according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG27 is a schematic diagram showing another charging current flow according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG28 is a schematic diagram showing another charging current flow according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG29 is a schematic diagram showing another charging current flow according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG30 is a schematic diagram showing another charging current flow according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG31 is a schematic diagram showing another charging current flow according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG32 is a schematic diagram showing another charging current flow according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG33 is a flow chart showing a charging control method according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG34 is a flow chart showing another charging control method according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG35 is a flow chart showing another charging control method according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG36 is a flow chart showing another charging control method according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG37 is a flow chart showing another charging control method according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG38 is a block diagram of a controller according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG39 is a block diagram of a vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG40 is a block diagram of another vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment.
- the inventors have discovered that the voltage range of power batteries in different models of electric vehicles is increasingly widening, and the power required for charging is also varying. Due to differences in the output capacity of charging piles from different manufacturers, some high-voltage models cannot be charged at charging piles with lower output voltages, or high-output charging piles cannot deliver their maximum power to charge low-voltage electric vehicles.
- the inventors further discovered that most manufacturers use direct charging, while some use boost charging, which is compatible with charging piles with low output voltages. However, few offer step-down charging. For charging piles with high output voltages, the high-voltage charging piles have low output power, failing to maximize output and failing to effectively charge low-voltage electric vehicles.
- the present invention reuses the vehicle's original inductive elements and bridge arm modules to pre-charge the pre-charge capacitor and charge the power battery according to the target charging mode. It can be compatible with power supply devices of different voltages without adding additional circuit structures.
- the pre-charge capacitor is pre-charged through the power supply device without adding additional pre-charging branches, which simplifies the circuit structure and reduces production costs.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a charging system according to an exemplary embodiment.
- the charging system 200 includes a charging circuit 201 and a controller 202.
- the charging circuit 201 is connected to the controller 202.
- the charging circuit 201 includes: an inductive element 2011, a bridge arm module 2012 and a switch component 2013.
- the charging system 200 is used to charge the power battery 300.
- One end of the switch component 2013 is suitable for connecting to the power supply device 400 , and the other end is connected to the first end of the inductive element 2011 .
- the second end of the inductive element 2011 is suitable for connecting to the power battery 300 through the bridge arm module 2012 .
- the controller 202 is used to control the switch component 2013 and the bridge arm module 2012 according to the target charging mode to charge the power battery 300 through the power supply device 400 and/or the inductive element 2011.
- the target charging mode includes: at least one of: a boost charging mode, a buck charging mode and a direct charging mode.
- the power supply device 400 in the present disclosure can be a charging pile or a DC power supply, such as a battery, which is not specifically limited in the present disclosure.
- the present disclosure can be applied to a charging circuit 201, wherein the charging circuit 201 can include a pre-charge capacitor, a switch component 2013, an inductive element 2011, and a bridge arm module 2012.
- the pre-charge capacitor and the power battery 300 can be connected in parallel.
- One end of the switch component 2013 is suitable for connection to the power supply device 400, and the other end is electrically connected to the first end of the inductive element 2011.
- the second end of the inductive element 2011 is suitable for connection to the power battery 300 through the bridge arm module 2012.
- the bridge arm module 2012 can be a three-phase inverter circuit in the motor controller 202, and the inductive element 2011 can be an inductor in the motor, thereby realizing functional reuse of the motor controller 202 and the motor module, simplifying the circuit structure and reducing production costs.
- a corresponding target charging mode can be determined from preset charging modes based on the relationship between the output voltage of the power supply device 400 and the battery voltage of the power battery 300.
- the preset charging mode may include at least one of a boost charging mode, a buck charging mode, and a direct charging mode.
- the boost charging mode when the output voltage of the power supply device 400 is lower than the battery voltage of the power battery 300, the boost charging mode can be used as the target charging mode; when the output voltage of the power supply device 400 is higher than the battery voltage of the power battery 300, and the difference between the output voltage and the battery voltage is higher than the first preset voltage threshold and lower than the second preset voltage threshold, the direct charging mode can be used as the target charging mode; when the output voltage of the power supply device 400 is higher than the battery voltage of the power battery 300, and the difference between the output voltage and the battery voltage is higher than the second preset voltage threshold, the buck charging mode can be used as the target charging mode.
- the power battery 300 when the target charging mode is the boost charging mode, the power battery 300 can be charged jointly by the power supply device 400 and the inductive element 2011, thereby achieving boost charging of the power battery 300; when the target charging mode is the buck charging mode, the power battery 300 can be charged by the inductive element 2011, thereby achieving buck charging of the power battery 300; when the target charging mode is the direct charging mode, the power battery 300 can be charged by the power supply device 400, thereby achieving direct charging of the power battery 300.
- the power battery 300 when the output voltage of the power supply device 400 is lower than the charging voltage of the power battery 300, the power battery 300 can be boosted and charged through the boost charging mode; when the output voltage of the power supply device 400 is greater than the charging voltage of the power battery 300, the power battery 300 can be bucked and charged through the buck charging mode, so that the power supply device 400 can output as much power as possible, thereby reducing the charging time; when the output voltage of the power supply device 400 meets the charging voltage of the power battery 300, the power battery 300 can be directly charged through the direct charging mode, so that it can be compatible with power supply devices 400 of different voltages, thereby improving the charging flexibility and the adaptability of the power battery 300 and the power supply device 400.
- a corresponding target charging mode can be determined from preset charging modes based on the relationship between the output voltage of the power supply device 400 and the battery voltage of the power battery 300.
- the preset charging mode may include at least one of a boost charging mode, a buck charging mode, and a direct charging mode.
- the boost charging mode when the output voltage of the power supply device 400 is lower than the battery voltage of the power battery 300, the boost charging mode can be used as the target charging mode; when the output voltage of the power supply device 400 is higher than the battery voltage of the power battery 300, and the difference between the output voltage and the battery voltage is higher than the first preset voltage threshold and lower than the second preset voltage threshold, the direct charging mode can be used as the target charging mode; when the output voltage of the power supply device 400 is higher than the battery voltage of the power battery 300, and the difference between the output voltage and the battery voltage is higher than the second preset voltage threshold, the buck charging mode can be used as the target charging mode.
- FIG2 is a block diagram of another charging system according to an exemplary embodiment.
- the switch component 2013 includes a first switch component 2013 a and a second switch component 2013 b ;
- the power battery 300 is suitable for connecting to the power supply device 400 through the first switch component 2013a and the second switch component 2013b.
- the power battery 300 is also suitable for connecting to the bridge arm module 2012 through the first switch component 2013a.
- the inductive element 2011 is suitable for connecting to the power supply device 400 through the second switch component 2013b.
- FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a charging system according to an exemplary embodiment.
- charging circuit 201 may further include a pre-charge capacitor C1.
- the first end of pre-charge capacitor C1 is further connected to the upper arm of bridge module 2012.
- the second end of pre-charge capacitor C1 is connected to the lower arm of bridge module 2012.
- the midpoint of the bridge arm of bridge module 2012 is connected to the first end of inductive element 2011.
- the second end of inductive element 2011 is connected to second switch component 2013 b.
- the upper arm of bridge module 2012 is further connected to second switch component 2013 b, and the lower arm of bridge module 2012 is further connected to second switch component 2013 b.
- the bridge arm midpoint can be understood as the location of the connection line between the upper and lower bridge arm switches of the bridge arm module.
- the bridge arm module 2012 can be a circuit in a motor controller, and the inductive element 2011 can be an inductive element 2011 of the motor. This allows for functional reuse of the motor controller and the motor module, simplifies circuit construction, and reduces production costs.
- the controller 202 is configured to control the switch component 2013 and the bridge arm module 2012 according to a target charging mode, so as to pre-charge the pre-charge capacitor C1 through the power supply device 400 and/or the inductive element 2011 .
- different charging modes correspond to different switch states in the charging circuit, where the switch states include the states of the various switches in the switch assembly 2013 and the states of the various switches in the bridge arm module 2012.
- the states of the various switches in the switch assembly 2013 and the states of the various switches in the bridge arm module 2012 can be controlled according to the target charging mode, thereby pre-charging the pre-charge capacitor C1 through the power supply device 400 and/or the inductive element 2011.
- the pre-charge capacitor C1 when the target charging mode is the boost charging mode, can be pre-charged by the power supply device 400 and the inductive element 2011, thereby achieving boost pre-charging of the pre-charge capacitor C1; when the target charging mode is the buck charging mode, the pre-charge capacitor C1 can be pre-charged by the inductive element 2011, thereby achieving buck pre-charging of the pre-charge capacitor C1; when the target charging mode is the direct charging mode, the pre-charge capacitor C1 can be pre-charged by the power supply device 400, thereby achieving direct pre-charging of the pre-charge capacitor C1.
- the charging circuit 201 further includes a filter capacitor C2 .
- One end of the filter capacitor C2 is connected to the bridge arm module 2011 , and the other end of the filter capacitor C2 is connected to the inductive element 2011 .
- the filter capacitor C2 can reduce the ripple voltage output by the power supply device 400 and play a role in voltage stabilization.
- the first switch component 2013a includes: a first switch K1, a second switch K2, and a third switch K3.
- the second switch component 2013b includes: a fourth switch K4, a fifth switch K5, and a sixth switch K6.
- the first end of the first contactor K1 is suitable for being connected to the first end of the power battery 300 , and the second end of the first contactor K1 is connected to the first end of the pre-charge capacitor C1 .
- the first end of the second contactor K2 is suitable for being connected to the second end of the power battery 300 , and the second end of the second contactor K2 is connected to the second end of the pre-charge capacitor C1 .
- a first end of the third contactor K3 is suitable for being connected to a first end of the power battery 300 , and a second end of the third contactor K3 is connected to a second end of the inductive element 2011 .
- a first end of the first switch tube K4 is connected to the upper bridge arm of the bridge arm module 2012 , and a second end of the first switch tube K4 is suitable for being connected to a first end of the power supply device 400 .
- a first end of the second switch tube K5 is connected to the lower bridge arm of the bridge arm module 2012 , and a second end of the second switch tube K5 is suitable for being connected to a second end of the power supply device 400 .
- a first end of the fourth contactor K6 is connected to the second end of the inductive element 2011 , and a second end of the fourth contactor K6 is suitable for being connected to a first end of the power supply device 400 .
- the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3 and the second switch tube K5 can be contactors, and the first switch tube K4 and the fourth contactor K6 can be switches, thereby achieving high-frequency control of the first switch tube K4 and the fourth contactor K6.
- the pre-charge resistor and contactor in the related art are connected in parallel with the first contactor K1, and the power battery pre-charges the pre-charge capacitor through the branch containing the pre-charge resistor and contactor.
- the pre-charge capacitor in the related art can be replaced with the pre-charge capacitor C1 to simplify the circuit and reduce costs.
- the pre-charge capacitor in the related art can be retained as a redundant circuit design to improve the reliability of the charging system.
- the controller 202 is specifically configured to:
- the second switch tube K5 is closed, the fourth contactor K6 is turned on, and the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3 and the first switch tube K4 are turned off.
- the switch tubes of the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm of the bridge arm module 2012 are periodically controlled to be alternately turned on, so as to boost and pre-charge the pre-charge capacitor C1 in a boost charging mode.
- the target charging mode is the boost charging mode
- the second switch tube K5 can be closed, the fourth contactor K6 and the switch tube of the lower bridge arm of the bridge arm module 2012 can be turned on, and the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3, the first switch tube K4 and the switch tube of the upper bridge arm of the bridge arm module 2012 can be disconnected to charge the inductive element 2011 through the power supply device 400.
- step 2 the second switch tube K5 can be kept closed, the fourth contactor K6 can be turned on, and the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3 and the first switch tube K4 can be disconnected, and the switch tube of the lower bridge arm of the bridge arm module 2012 can be disconnected, and the switch tube of the upper bridge arm of the bridge arm module 2012 can be turned on, so as to utilize the freewheeling effect of the inductive element 2011 and charge the pre-charge capacitor C1 simultaneously through the power supply device 400 and the inductive element 2011, thereby realizing the boost pre-charging of the pre-charge capacitor C1.
- step one and step two can be repeated periodically, that is, the second switch tube K5 is kept closed, the fourth contactor K6 is turned on, and the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3 and the first switch tube K4 are disconnected, and the switch tube of the upper bridge arm and the switch tube of the lower bridge arm of the bridge arm module 2012 are periodically controlled to be alternately turned on to continuously boost and pre-charge the pre-charge capacitor C1 according to the boost charging mode.
- controller 202 is specifically configured to:
- the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, the second switching tube K5 and the fourth contactor K6 are closed, and the third contactor K3 and the first switching tube K4 are opened.
- the upper bridge and the lower bridge of the bridge arm module 2012 are periodically controlled to be alternately turned on, so as to boost charge the power battery 300 in a boost charging mode.
- the target charging mode is the boost charging mode
- the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2 and the second switch tube K5 can be closed
- the fourth contactor K6 and the switch tube of the lower bridge arm of the bridge arm module 2012 can be turned on
- the third contactor K3, the first switch tube K4 and the switch tube of the upper bridge arm of the bridge arm module 2012 can be disconnected to charge the inductive element 2011 through the power supply device 400.
- step 2 the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, and the second switch tube K5 can be kept closed, and the fourth contactor K6 can be turned on, while the third contactor K3 and the first switch tube K4 can be disconnected, and the switch tube of the lower bridge arm of the bridge arm module 2012 can be disconnected, and the switch tube of the upper bridge arm of the bridge arm module 2012 can be turned on, so as to utilize the freewheeling effect of the inductive element 2011 and charge the power battery 300 simultaneously through the power supply device 400 and the inductive element 2011, thereby achieving boost charging of the power battery 300.
- step one and step two can be repeated periodically, that is, the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, the second switch tube K5 are kept closed and the fourth contactor K6 is turned on, and the third contactor K3 and the first switch tube K4 are disconnected, and the switch tube of the upper bridge arm and the switch tube of the lower bridge arm of the bridge arm module 2012 are periodically controlled to be alternately turned on to continuously boost charge the power battery 300 in accordance with the boost charging mode.
- controller 202 is specifically configured to:
- the second switch tube K5 is closed, the switch tube of the upper bridge arm of the bridge arm module 2012 is turned on, and the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3, the first switch tube K4 and the switch tube of the lower bridge arm of the bridge arm module 2012 are turned off.
- the fourth contactor K6 is periodically turned on to perform a step-down pre-charging for the pre-charging capacitor C1 in a step-down charging mode.
- step 1 when the target charging mode is the buck charging mode, as shown in FIG7 , in step 1, the second switch K5 and the fourth contactor K6 are closed, turning on the switch of the upper arm of the bridge arm module 2012, and the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3, the first switch K4, and the switch of the lower arm of the bridge arm module 2012 are disconnected, so that the inductive element 2011 and the pre-charge capacitor C1 are charged in series via the power supply device 400.
- step 1 may also be: closing the second switch K5 and the fourth contactor K6, turning on the switch of the lower arm of the bridge arm module 2012, and disconnecting the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3, the first switch K4, and the switch of the upper arm of the bridge arm module 2012, so that the inductive element 2011 is charged via the power supply device 400.
- step two the second switch tube K5 can be kept closed, the switch tube of the upper bridge arm of the bridge arm module 2012 can be turned on, and the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3, the first switch tube K4 and the switch tube of the lower bridge arm of the bridge arm module 2012 are disconnected, and the fourth contactor K6 is disconnected, so as to utilize the freewheeling effect of the inductive element 2011 to charge the pre-charge capacitor C1 through the inductive element 2011, thereby realizing the voltage reduction pre-charging of the pre-charge capacitor C1.
- steps one and two can be repeated periodically.
- the second switch tube K5 can be kept closed, the switch tube of the upper bridge arm of the bridge arm module 2012 can be turned on, and the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3, the first switch tube K4 and the switch tube of the lower bridge arm of the bridge arm module 2012 can be disconnected, and the fourth contactor K6 can be periodically turned on to continuously perform step-down pre-charging for the pre-charge capacitor C1 in accordance with the step-down charging mode.
- controller 202 is specifically configured to:
- the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3, the first switching tube K4 and the second switching tube K5 are closed, and the first contactor K1 and the fourth contactor K6 are opened.
- the switch tubes of the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm of the bridge arm module 2012 are periodically controlled to be alternately turned on, so as to perform step-down charging for the power battery 300 in a step-down charging mode.
- the target charging mode is the buck charging mode
- the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3, the first switch K4, and the second switch K5 can be closed to turn on the switch of the upper arm of the bridge arm module 2012, and the first contactor K1, the fourth contactor K6, and the switch of the lower arm of the bridge arm module 2012 can be disconnected, so that the inductive element 2011 and the power battery 300 are charged in series via the power supply device 400.
- step 1 can also be: closing the first switch K4 and the second switch K5 to turn on the switch of the upper arm of the bridge arm module 2012, and disconnecting the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3, the fourth contactor K6, and the switch of the lower arm of the bridge arm module 2012, so that the inductive element 2011 is charged via the power supply device 400.
- step 2 the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3, the first switch tube K4, and the second switch tube K5 can be kept closed, and the first contactor K1 and the fourth contactor K6 can be opened.
- the switch tube of the upper arm of the bridge arm module 2012 is disconnected, and the switch tube of the lower arm of the bridge arm module 2012 is turned on, so as to utilize the freewheeling effect of the inductive element 2011 to charge the power battery 300 through the inductive element 2011, thereby realizing voltage reduction charging of the power battery 300.
- step one and step two can be repeated periodically.
- the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3, the first switch tube K4 and the second switch tube K5 can be kept closed, and the first contactor K1 and the fourth contactor K6 can be kept disconnected, and the switch tube of the upper bridge arm and the switch tube of the lower bridge arm of the bridge arm module 2012 can be periodically controlled to be alternately turned on to continuously perform step-down charging for the power battery 300 in accordance with the step-down charging mode.
- controller 202 is specifically configured to:
- the second switch tube K5 is closed, and the first contactor K1 , the second contactor K2 , the third contactor K3 , the fourth contactor K6 , and the switches of the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm of the bridge arm module 2012 are opened.
- the first switch tube K4 is periodically turned on to directly pre-charge the pre-charge capacitor C1 in a direct charging mode.
- the second switch tube K5 may be closed, and the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3, the first switch tube K4, the fourth contactor K6, and the switches of the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm of the bridge arm module 2012 may be disconnected.
- the second switch tube K5 may be kept closed, and the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3, the fourth contactor K6, and the switches of the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm of the bridge arm module 2012 may be disconnected, and the first switch tube K4 may be turned on.
- step one and step two can be repeated periodically, that is, the second switch tube K5 is kept closed, and the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3, the fourth contactor K6 and the switch tubes of the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm of the bridge arm module 2012 are disconnected, and the first switch tube K4 is periodically turned on, wherein the preset voltage interval can be a smaller voltage interval, and the output voltage floating within the preset voltage interval can be considered to be stable, so that the pre-charge capacitor C1 is directly pre-charged in accordance with the direct charging mode to avoid the power supply device 400 outputting too much current and damaging the pre-charge capacitor C1.
- controller 202 is specifically configured to:
- the first contactor K1 , the second contactor K2 and the second switch tube K5 are closed, and the third contactor K3 , the fourth contactor K6 and the switch tubes of the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm of the bridge arm module 2012 are opened.
- the first switch tube K4 is periodically turned on, and after the output voltage of the power supply device is maintained in a preset voltage range, the first switch tube K4 is kept turned on to directly charge the power battery 300 in a direct charging mode.
- step 1 when the target charging mode is the direct charging mode, as shown in FIG13 , in step 1, the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, and the second switch tube K5 may be closed, and the third contactor K3, the first switch tube K4, the fourth contactor K6, and the switches of the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm of the bridge arm module 2012 may be opened.
- step 2 the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, and the second switch tube K5 may remain closed, and the third contactor K3, the fourth contactor K6, and the switches of the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm of the bridge arm module 2012 may be opened, and the first switch tube K4 may be turned on.
- step one and step two can be repeated periodically, that is, the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, and the second switch tube K5 are kept closed, and the third contactor K3, the fourth contactor K6, and the switch tubes of the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm of the bridge arm module 2012 are kept disconnected, and the first switch tube K4 is periodically turned on until the output voltage of the power supply device 400 stabilizes in the preset voltage range, and the first switch tube K4 is controlled to be continuously turned on, so as to directly charge the power battery 300 in the direct charging mode, and avoid the power supply device 400 outputting excessive current and damaging the power battery 300.
- FIG 14 a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a charging system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.
- One end of the switching tube is adapted to be electrically connected to the charging port, and the other end is electrically connected to the first end of the inductive element.
- the charging port is a DC charging port connected to a DC charging pile. Since electric vehicles currently support DC charging, DC charging is generally achieved using a charging pile.
- the electrical energy received by the charging port in the embodiments of the present invention is DC electrical energy.
- the inductive element and bridge module can be existing structures in electric vehicles.
- the inductive element can be the motor winding
- the bridge module can be the motor's control circuit.
- Conventional electric vehicle motors currently include drive motors and cooling system motors (typically air conditioning motors).
- the motor control circuit structure is essentially the same, consisting of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOS) or insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). Therefore, any motor and its control circuit can be reused.
- MOS metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors
- IGBTs insulated gate bipolar transistors
- boost charging i.e., the voltage of the electric energy received by the charging port is lower than the voltage of the power battery
- the switch tube is controlled to be disconnected, and the inductive element and the bridge arm module are used to form a boost charging circuit to increase the voltage of the electric energy received by the charging port to charge the power battery.
- step-down charging i.e., the voltage of the electric energy received by the charging port is higher than the voltage of the power battery
- the charging system operates in step-down charging mode
- the working state of the switch tube is controlled first, and a step-down charging circuit is formed using the inductive element and the bridge arm module to reduce the voltage received by the charging port to charge the power battery.
- a power battery also requires a positive switch and a negative switch, referred to as the first contactor and the second contactor in the embodiments of the present invention. These switches are generally implemented by normally open contacts on the contactor, rather than by a switching transistor.
- the first and second contactors need to be closed.
- the first and second contactors need to be open.
- a preferred switch tube structure includes: a first switch tube and a second switch tube.
- the first end of the first switch tube is suitable for electrically connecting to the first end of the charging port (i.e., the positive end); the second end of the first switch tube is electrically connected to the first end of the inductive element; the first end of the second switch tube is electrically connected to the first end of the inductive element; and the second end of the second switch tube is suitable for electrically connecting to the second end of the charging port (i.e., the negative end).
- connection relationship the second end of the first switch tube is electrically connected to the first end of the second switch tube, and the electrical connection is electrically connected to the first end of the inductive element. Both connection modes are acceptable.
- the charging system also includes a filter capacitor; one end of the filter capacitor is electrically connected to the first end of the inductive element, and the other end is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the bridge arm module.
- This filter capacitor is used to filter the power received by the charging port, thereby eliminating possible ripple in the power and improving charging efficiency and quality.
- the charging system also includes a first contactor or a second contactor.
- One end of the first contactor is electrically connected to the second end of the switch tube, and the other end is electrically connected to the first end of the inductive element; the first contactor is used to control the on/off of the circuit between the second end of the switch tube and the first end of the inductive element.
- the first contactor is used to distinguish between driving and charging conditions in a hardware manner. When driving or in similar working conditions, the first contactor is disconnected to prevent the charging port from being energized when the power battery is discharged. In this way, even if a person accidentally touches the charging port or the corresponding position without knowing it, there will be no risk of electric shock. When the first contactor is closed during charging, since the charging gun is already plugged into the charging port, the above-mentioned risk of electric shock does not exist.
- one end of the second contactor is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the bridge arm module, and the other end is suitable for being electrically connected to the second end of the charging port.
- the second contactor is used to control the on-off circuit between the charging port and the negative terminal of the bridge arm module. In this way, since the circuit from the power battery to the negative pole of the charging port can be disconnected by the second contactor, the problem of the charging port being charged when the power battery is discharged is also avoided. Of course, a better way is to set both the first contactor and the second contactor in the circuit, so as to ensure double safety. In the event that one of the contactors is damaged, it can still be ensured that the charging port is not charged when the power battery is discharged.
- one end of the second contactor is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the bridge arm module and the filter capacitor respectively, and the other end is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the charging port.
- the first switching transistor includes a first field-effect transistor
- the second switching transistor includes a second field-effect transistor.
- the first field-effect transistor has a first end adapted to be electrically connected to the positive terminal of the charging port, a third end adapted to receive a first control signal, and a second end electrically connected to the first end of the inductive element.
- the second field-effect transistor has a first end electrically connected to the first end of the inductive element, a third end adapted to receive a second control signal, and a second end electrically connected to the second end of the charging port and the negative terminal of the power battery, respectively.
- the inductive element includes N phase windings
- the bridge arm module includes N parallel bridge arms.
- the following example uses a motor winding as the inductive element and a motor control circuit as the bridge arm module.
- the windings of a general motor include: three-phase windings; the motor control circuit includes: a first bridge arm, a second bridge arm, and a third bridge arm; the first ends of each of the three-phase windings are short-circuited and connected to the electrical connection points of the two field-effect transistors; the second end of the first winding in the three-phase winding is electrically connected to the midpoint of the first bridge arm, the second end of the second winding is electrically connected to the midpoint of the second bridge arm, and the second end of the third winding is electrically connected to the midpoint of the third bridge arm.
- Figure 15 a schematic diagram of a preferred charging system circuit structure.
- Figure 15 illustrates a specific structure of a field-effect transistor, a three-phase winding, three bridge arms, and a pre-charge capacitor C1 and a filter capacitor C2.
- the system includes: a first contactor K1 for the power battery, a second contactor K2, a fourth contactor K6, a first switching transistor K4, a second switching transistor K5, a fifth contactor K7, a charging port J, a power battery 300, a three-phase winding, and three bridge arms WBA.
- the first switch K4 is closed, the first contactor K1 and the second contactor K2 are closed, the second switch K5 is disconnected, the fourth contactor K6 and the fifth contactor K7 are closed, and the lower bridges of the first, second, and third bridge arms are closed, while the upper bridge of at least one bridge arm is turned on.
- the electrical energy received by the charging port J is then transmitted to the power battery via the three-phase windings and the upper bridge of the first, second, or third bridge arms, thereby directly charging the power battery.
- the specific current direction during charging can be shown in Figure 16.
- the three-phase windings are always energized, they can be regarded as three-phase inductors in terms of electrical characteristics.
- the inductors are always energized, they can be regarded as wires, thus achieving direct charging. It should be noted that, during the charging process of any mode, or during the pre-charging process of the pre-charge capacitor, whether the upper bridge or the lower bridge of the bridge arm is turned on, only one bridge arm can be turned on. Of course, two bridge arms or all three bridge arms can be turned on. The difference lies in the performance, such as power, ripple, etc. For example: when all three bridge arms are turned on, their power is higher than that when two bridge arms or one bridge arm are turned on, and the efficiency is higher. Of course, when the three bridge arms are turned on at the same time, the ripple is larger than when the three bridge arms are turned on alternately. These are all known to those skilled in the art based on the structure of the motor and its control circuit, and will not be described one by one.
- boost charging When the voltage of the electrical energy received by the charging port is lower than the voltage of the power battery, for example, the power battery voltage is 600V, but the charging station can only provide 500V, so boost charging is required.
- the fourth contactor K6 and the fifth contactor K7 are closed, controlling the first switch tube K4 to close and the second switch tube K5 to open.
- the first contactor K1 and the second contactor K2 of the power battery are also closed, controlling the upper bridge of the first bridge arm, the second bridge arm, and the third bridge arm to close, and the lower bridge of at least one bridge arm to conduct for a first preset time.
- the electrical energy received by the charging port is used to charge the three-phase winding.
- the specific current direction during charging in this case can be shown in Figure 17.
- the lower bridges of the first, second, and third bridge arms are controlled to be closed, and the upper bridge of at least one bridge arm is turned on (the opposite of the switching state of the bridge arms when charging the three-phase winding). Then, the electric energy received by the charging port J and the freewheeling of the three-phase winding work together to increase its voltage and charge the power battery, thus achieving boost charging.
- the specific current direction during charging in this case can be shown in Figure 18.
- step-down charging is required.
- the fourth contactor K6 and the fifth contactor K7 are closed, directly closing the first contactor K1 and the second contactor K2.
- the first switch tube K4 is controlled to be closed for a period of time
- the second switch tube K5 is disconnected for a period of time, controlling the lower bridge of the first bridge arm, the second bridge arm, and the third bridge arm to be closed, and the upper bridge of at least one bridge arm to be turned on.
- the electric energy received by the charging port J is used to charge the three-phase winding and the power battery at the same time.
- the three-phase winding can be regarded as an inductor in terms of electrical characteristics, and the inductor has the effect of hindering current during charging for a period of time (not when it is always charged), it can be regarded as having a higher resistance value. In this case, it actually receives electric energy together with the power battery voltage divider, so the voltage received by the power battery will become lower, that is, the power battery step-down charging is achieved.
- the specific current direction during charging in this case can be shown in Figure 19.
- the output voltage of the charging pile is higher than the power battery voltage, its output power is higher than when it is output at the power battery voltage, which improves the output power of the charging pile and charges low-voltage electric vehicles well, maximizing the power utilization of the charging pile, making the charging pile output as large as possible and shortening the charging time.
- the second stage controls the first switch K4 to be opened for a period of time and the second switch K5 to be closed for a period of time.
- the two periods of time may be the same or different, and the specific duration is determined by the actual voltage of the power battery. At the beginning of charging, the actual voltage is low. As the charging process progresses, the actual voltage will increase, and the corresponding closing or opening time will also shorten accordingly.
- the specific duration can be determined by the actual voltage of the power battery.
- the first switch tube K4 is controlled to be opened and the second switch tube K5 is closed, and then the lower bridges of the first bridge arm, the second bridge arm, and the third bridge arm are controlled to be closed and the upper bridge of at least one bridge arm is turned on (the same as the switching state of the bridge arm when the three-phase winding and the power battery are charged at the same time as before). Then, the three-phase winding continues to charge the power battery at a reduced voltage, and the electric energy received by the charging port no longer supplies power to the three-phase winding and the power battery during this period.
- the specific current direction during charging in this case can be shown in Figure 20.
- the charging system proposed by the present invention whether it is boost charging or buck charging, its current direction is always consistent, and the opposite situation will not occur. For example: when charging an electric car at present, it may send its own real-time voltage of 200V to the charging pile, while the voltage of the power battery when fully charged is 1000V, and the maximum charging voltage that the charging pile can provide is 750V.
- the charging system charges the power battery in a buck charging mode, and the charging pile can maximize the output and have high output power; when the power battery is charged to 750V, the charging system does not need to release electric energy, and directly switches to a boost charging mode to continue charging the power battery smoothly and seamlessly until the power battery is fully charged to 1000V.
- the charging system does not require an energy release process. It does not need to release the electric energy before switching. It will not cause waste of electric energy, reduce charging costs, shorten charging time, and bring users a better charging experience.
- the pre-charge capacitor C1 Before charging the power battery, the pre-charge capacitor C1 must be pre-charged to ensure that its voltage reaches or approaches the real-time voltage of the power battery.
- the current sequence of the pre-charge capacitor C1 is similar to that of boost and buck charging.
- boost pre-charging that is, when the charging system operates in boost pre-charging mode, the fourth contactor K6 and the fifth contactor K7 are closed, controlling the first switch tube K4 to close and the second switch tube K5 to open, and disconnecting the first contactor K1 and the second contactor K2 of the power battery.
- the upper bridges of the first, second, and third bridge arms are controlled to close, and the lower bridge of at least one bridge arm is turned on for a second preset time.
- the power energy received by the charging port J or the power energy provided by the vehicle power supply (such as the high-voltage side of the battery after DC-DC conversion) is used to charge the three-phase winding.
- the specific current direction during charging in this case can be shown in Figure 17. The only difference is that when boost pre-charging the pre-charge capacitor C1, the first contactor K1 and the second contactor K2 are disconnected, not closed.
- the lower bridges of the first, second, and third bridge arms are controlled to be closed, and the upper bridge of at least one bridge arm is turned on.
- the power received by the charging port J or the power provided by the vehicle power supply and the freewheeling of the three-phase windings work together to increase the voltage and charge the pre-charge capacitor C1.
- This process is repeated until the difference between the voltage of the pre-charge capacitor C1 and the current real-time voltage of the power battery is within a preset range.
- the specific current direction during charging in this case can be seen in Figure 21.
- step-down pre-charging that is, when the charging system operates in step-down pre-charging mode
- the fourth contactor K6 and the fifth contactor K7 are closed, and the first contactor K1 and the second contactor K2 are disconnected.
- the first switch tube K4 is controlled to be closed for a period of time
- the second switch tube K5 is first disconnected for a period of time, controlling the lower bridge of each of the first bridge arm, the second bridge arm, and the third bridge arm to be closed, and the upper bridge of at least one bridge arm to be connected.
- the power received by the charging port J or the power provided by the in-vehicle power supply is used to charge the three-phase winding and the pre-charge capacitor C1 simultaneously, that is, the pre-charge capacitor C1 is charged at a reduced voltage.
- the specific current direction during charging in this case can be shown in Figure 22.
- the second stage controls the first switch K4 to open for a period of time and the second switch K5 to close for a period of time.
- the two periods of time may be the same or different, and the specific duration is also determined by the actual voltage of the power battery.
- the lower bridges of the first, second, and third bridge arms are controlled to be closed, and the upper bridge of at least one bridge arm is turned on.
- the three-phase winding freewheels to continue step-down charging the pre-charge capacitor C1. This process is repeated until the difference between the voltage of the pre-charge capacitor C1 and the current real-time voltage of the power battery 300 is within a preset range.
- the specific current direction during charging in this case can be seen with reference to Figure 23.
- the fourth contactor K6 and the fifth contactor K7 are closed, controlling the first switch tube K4 to be closed, the second switch tube K5 to be disconnected, the first contactor K1 and the second contactor K2 to be disconnected, and controlling the lower bridges of the first bridge arm, the second bridge arm, and the third bridge arm to be closed, and the upper bridge of at least one bridge arm to be turned on.
- the electric energy received by the charging port J or the electric energy provided by the power supply in the vehicle is input to the pre-charge capacitor C1 through the three-phase winding and the upper bridge of at least one bridge arm, and the pre-charge capacitor C1 is directly charged until the voltage of the pre-charge capacitor is within a preset range compared with the current real-time voltage of the power battery 300.
- the above method pre-charges the pre-charge capacitor C1. Furthermore, if the charging port J does not receive power or fails to transmit power due to a fault, the pre-charge capacitor C1 can be pre-charged with power from the vehicle's power supply. This allows the pre-charge capacitor C1 to be pre-charged before the power battery 300 is discharged, preventing discharge failure of the power battery 300.
- the charging system of the present invention only adds a switch tube, and no longer needs a DC fast charging boost or buck module, thus realizing the boost-boost charging function. That is, when boost charging is required, the inductive element and the bridge arm module are used to form a boost charging circuit, and the voltage received by the charging port is increased to charge the power battery, solving the problem of low-voltage charging piles boosting the voltage to charge electric vehicles; at the same time, when step-down charging is required, the inductive element and the bridge arm module are used to form a step-down charging circuit, and the voltage received by the charging port is reduced to charge the power battery, solving the problem that the high-voltage charging pile has low output power and cannot charge low-voltage electric vehicles well, and cannot maximize the use of the charging pile power, so that the charging pile can output as much power as possible and reduce the charging time.
- step-up and step-down methods the compatibility and convenience of electric vehicle charging are improved.
- the pre-charging circuit of the power battery can also be combined to further prevent the risk of short circuits between the vehicle and the charging station.
- the first or second contactor is closed during both step-up and step-down charging, distinguishing between driving and charging conditions. Disconnecting the first or second contactor during driving or similar conditions prevents the charging port from being charged while the power battery is discharging, thus preventing people from accidentally touching the charging port or the corresponding position without knowing it and avoiding the risk of electric shock.
- the entire charging system reuses the original structure with very few additional components. Therefore, the overall structure uses fewer components and the circuit lines are simple, which reduces space occupancy and also reduces the cost of electric vehicles. In addition, the simpler control logic also indirectly reduces the difficulty of EMC design of the entire vehicle.
- FIG 24 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a charging system 200 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
- the charging system 200 includes a switch component 2013, a bridge arm module 2012, an inductive element 2011, and a controller 202.
- the charging system 200 is used to charge the power battery 300;
- the first end of the bridge arm module 2012 is adapted to be connected to the positive electrode of the power battery 300, and the second end of the bridge arm module 2012 is adapted to be connected to the negative electrode of the power battery 300.
- the first end of the inductive element 2011 is adapted to be connected to a DC power supply via the switch assembly 2013, and the midpoint of the bridge arm of the bridge arm module 2012 is connected to the second end of the inductive element 2011.
- the second end of the bridge arm module 2012 is adapted to be connected to a DC power supply.
- the controller 202 controls the switching state of the switch component 2013 so that the bridge arm module 2012 and the inductive element 2011 form a boost circuit.
- the controller 202 controls the switching state of the switch component 2013 so that the bridge arm module 2012 and the inductive element 2011 form a buck circuit.
- the power battery 300 in the embodiment of the present application can be a power battery in an electric device.
- the charging system 200 in the embodiment of the present application is a device for charging the power battery 300.
- the electric device can be a device that uses electrical energy.
- the electric device can include any of vehicles, aircraft, ships, and energy storage cabinets.
- the switch assembly 2013 may include at least one contactor.
- the bridge arm module 2012 may include at least one bridge arm midpoint.
- the bridge arm module 2012 may include at least one bridge arm unit, each bridge arm unit having a bridge arm midpoint.
- Each bridge arm unit may include two switching transistors, and the connection point of the two switching transistors is the bridge arm midpoint of the bridge arm unit.
- the inductive element 2011 may include at least one inductor. One end of the inductor is connected to a DC power supply via a switch assembly 2013, and the other end of the inductor is connected to a midpoint of a bridge arm of the bridge arm module 2012. Each of the at least one inductor is connected to a different midpoint of the bridge arm.
- the number of bridge arm units in the bridge arm module 2012 can be designed as needed.
- the bridge arm module 2012 can reuse the bridge arm module in the motor controller, and the inductive element 2011 can reuse the inductor in the motor.
- the switch assembly 2013 includes a first contactor K1 and a second contactor K2, the positive pole of the power battery 300 is suitable for connecting to the first end of the first contactor K1, the second end of the first contactor K1 is connected to the first end of the bridge arm module 2012, the negative pole of the power battery 300 is suitable for connecting to the first end of the second contactor K2, and the second end of the second contactor K2 is connected to the second end of the bridge arm module 2012.
- the bridge arm module 2012 is connected to the power battery 300 through the first contactor K1 and the second contactor K2.
- the switch assembly 2013 also includes: a third contactor K3, a sixth contactor K8, and a seventh contactor K9, the first end of the first contactor K1 is connected to the first end of the third contactor K3, the second end of the first contactor K1 is connected to the first end of the seventh contactor K9, the second end of the seventh contactor K9 is suitable for connecting the positive pole of the DC power supply and the first end of the sixth contactor K8, the second end of the third contactor K3 is connected to the second end of the sixth contactor K8, the second end of the sixth contactor K8 is suitable for connecting to the first end of the inductive element 2011, and the negative pole of the DC power supply is suitable for connecting to the second end of the bridge arm module 2012.
- the charging system 200 further includes a pre-charge capacitor C1 , the second end of the first contactor K1 is connected to the first end of the pre-charge capacitor C1 , and the second end of the second contactor K2 is connected to the second end of the pre-charge capacitor C1 .
- the pre-charge capacitor C1 can be a pre-charge capacitor. Before the DC power supply charges the power battery 300, it can pre-charge the pre-charge capacitor C1 to prevent the high current generated by the power battery 300 during charging due to the pre-charge capacitor C1 not being fully charged.
- the pre-charge capacitor C1 can be used to stabilize the voltage across the power battery 300. This can reduce the ripple generated during the step-up or step-down process when the DC power supply charges the power battery 300.
- the bridge arm module 2012 includes N bridge arm units in parallel, each bridge arm unit includes an upper bridge switch tube and a lower bridge switch tube connected in series;
- the inductive element 2011 includes N inductors; the first ends of the N inductors are connected to the second end of the sixth contactor K8, and the second ends of the N inductors are connected one-to-one to the bridge arm midpoints of the N bridge arm units, and the bridge arm midpoint of each bridge arm unit is the connection point of the upper bridge switch tube and the lower bridge switch tube of each bridge arm unit, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
- the first end of the upper bridge switch is connected to the second end of the first contactor K1
- the second end of the upper bridge switch is connected to the first end of the corresponding lower bridge switch
- the second end of the lower bridge switch is connected to the second end of the second contactor K2.
- the connection point between the second end of the upper bridge switch and the first end of the corresponding lower bridge switch is the midpoint of the bridge arm.
- the upper bridge switch tube and the lower bridge switch tube can be any one of the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) and metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET).
- IGBT insulated gate bipolar transistor
- MOSFET metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor
- the controller 202 can be used to control the closing or opening of the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3, the sixth contactor K8, and the seventh contactor K9, and to control the state of the switch tube in the bridge arm module 2012, thereby controlling the charging system 200 to operate in the boost mode, the buck mode, or the direct charging mode.
- a DC power supply is a device that provides direct current.
- the DC power supply can be a DC charging station.
- the DC power supply includes: a DC charging pile or DC/DC, etc.
- a direct current/direct current converter can convert direct current (DC) of one voltage into direct current (DC) of another voltage.
- DC/DC direct current/direct current converter
- the DC/DC can be the input terminal of the DC/DC.
- the input terminal of the DC/DC can be connected to the power battery 300.
- the controller 202 controls the switching state of the switch component 2013 so that the bridge arm module 2012 and the inductive element 2011 form a boost circuit, including:
- the controller 202 controls the sixth contactor K8 to be closed, the third contactor K3 and the seventh contactor K9 to be opened, at least one lower bridge switch of the bridge arm module 2012 to be turned on, and the N upper bridge switches of the bridge arm module 2012 to be turned off, so that the DC power supply charges the inductive element 2011;
- the controller 202 controls the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, and the sixth contactor K8 to be closed, the third contactor K3 and the seventh contactor K9 to be opened, at least one upper bridge switch of the bridge arm module 2012 to be turned on, and the N lower bridge switches of the bridge arm module 2012 to be turned off, so that the DC power supply and the inductive element 2011 charge the power battery 300.
- the charging voltage of the power battery 300 is equal to the sum of the voltage of the DC power supply and the voltage of the inductive element 2011.
- the first contactor K1 and the second contactor K2 may be closed or opened, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
- the controller 202 may control the sixth contactor K8 to close, the third contactor K3 and the seventh contactor K9 to open, the at least one lower bridge switch of the bridge arm module 2012 to turn on, and the N upper bridge switches of the bridge arm module 2012 to turn off.
- the DC power supply charges the inductor connected in series with the at least one lower bridge switch, thereby increasing the voltage across the inductor.
- the controller 202 can control the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, and the sixth contactor K8 to close, the third contactor K3, and the seventh contactor K9 to open, the at least one upper bridge switch of the bridge arm module 2012 to turn on, and the N lower bridge switches of the bridge arm module 2012 to turn off.
- the inductor connected in series with the at least one upper bridge switch the inductor connected in series with the at least one upper bridge switch, i.e., the inductor connected in series with the at least one lower bridge switch
- the DC power supply and the inductor connected in series with the at least one upper bridge switch jointly charge the power battery 300.
- the DC power supply is boosted to charge the power battery 300.
- the DC power supply in the boost mode, the DC power supply does not charge the power battery 300 directly. Instead, the DC power supply charges the power battery 300 through the inductor, preventing a sudden large charging current. Even if the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, the sixth contactor K8 or any of the positive and negative contactors of the charging pile is sintered, there will be no short circuit risk, thereby improving the safety of boost charging.
- the first and second phases alternate, thereby boosting the DC power supply voltage and charging the power battery 300.
- Each contactor can be periodically closed and closed, and each cycle can include the first and second phases.
- the durations of the first and second phases can be different and can be designed based on the inductor parameters, the output voltage of the DC power supply, and the voltage of the power battery 300.
- the inductor cannot be in a saturated state. If the inductor is in a saturated state, the voltage across the inductor will not rise, and the voltage boosting effect cannot be achieved.
- the controller 202 controls the switching state of the switch component 2013 so that the bridge arm module 2012 and the inductive element 2011 form a step-down circuit, including:
- the controller 202 controls the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3, and the seventh contactor K9 to be closed, the first contactor K1 and the sixth contactor K8 to be opened, at least one upper bridge switch tube of the bridge arm module 2012 to be turned on, and the N lower bridge switch tubes of the bridge arm module 2012 to be turned off, so that the DC power supply charges the inductive element 2011 and the power battery 300;
- the controller 202 controls the second contactor K2 and the third contactor K3 to be closed, the first contactor K1 and the sixth contactor K8 to be disconnected, at least one lower bridge switch tube of the bridge arm module 2012 to be turned on, and the N upper bridge switch tubes of the bridge arm module 2012 to be disconnected, so that the inductive element 2011 charges the power battery 300.
- the controller 202 can control the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3 and the seventh contactor K9 to be closed, the first contactor K1 and the sixth contactor K8 to be disconnected, at least one upper bridge switch tube of the bridge arm module 2012 to be turned on, and the N lower bridge switches of the bridge arm module 2012 to be disconnected.
- the DC power supply charges the inductor and the power battery 300 connected in series with the at least one upper bridge switch tube.
- the controller 202 can control the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3, and the seventh contactor K9 to be closed, the first contactor K1 and the sixth contactor K8 to be open, the at least one lower bridge switch of the bridge arm module 2012 to be turned on, and the N upper bridge switches of the bridge arm module 2012 to be turned off.
- the inductor connected in series with the at least one lower bridge switch charges the power battery 300, thereby achieving charging of the power battery 300 after the DC power supply is stepped down.
- the DC power supply in the step-down mode, does not directly charge the power battery 300. Instead, the DC power supply charges the power battery 300 through the inductor, and a sudden large charging current does not occur.
- the DC power supply can output a voltage greater than that of the power battery 300, maximizing the power output of the DC power supply, thereby increasing the charging current of the power battery 300 and reducing the charging time of the power battery 300.
- the first and second phases alternate, thereby achieving charging of the power battery 300 after the DC power supply is stepped down.
- Each contactor can be periodically closed and turned on, and each cycle can include the first and second phases.
- the duration of the first and second phases can be different, and can be designed based on the parameters of the inductor, the output voltage of the DC power supply, and the voltage of the power battery 300.
- the inductor cannot be in a saturated state. If the inductor is in a saturated state, the voltage across the inductor will not rise, and the voltage reduction effect cannot be achieved.
- the controller 202 controls the switching state of the switch component 2013 so that the DC power supply charges the power battery 300 .
- the charging system 200 when the voltage of the DC power supply is close to the voltage of the power battery 300, the charging system 200 can be operated in the direct charging mode.
- the charging system 200 when the output voltage of the DC power supply is greater than the voltage of the power battery 300, and the difference between the output voltage of the DC power supply and the voltage of the power battery 300 is less than a set threshold (for example, 20V), the charging system 200 can be operated in the direct charging mode.
- a set threshold for example, 20V
- the charging system 200 Before charging the power battery 300, the charging system 200 can be operated in pre-charging mode to charge the pre-charging capacitor C1 first, thereby avoiding a large current generated during the charging process of the power battery 300 due to the pre-charging capacitor C1 not being fully charged.
- the controller 202 controls the switching state of the switch component 2013 so that the DC power supply charges the power battery 300, including: the controller 202 controls the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, and the seventh contactor K9 to be closed, and the third contactor K3 and the sixth contactor K8 to be disconnected, so that the DC power supply charges the power battery 300.
- the charging system 200 when the controller 202 controls the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, and the seventh contactor K9 to be closed and the third contactor K3 and the sixth contactor K8 to be disconnected, the charging system 200 operates in a direct charging mode. At this time, the DC power supply can directly charge the power battery 300 without passing through the bridge arm module 2012 and the inductive element 2011, thereby improving the energy conversion efficiency.
- the controller 202 controls the switching state of the switch component 2013 so that the bridge arm module 2012 and the inductive element 2011 form a pre-charging circuit.
- the charging system 200 before charging the power battery 300, can be operated in a pre-charging mode to first charge the pre-charging capacitor C1 (pre-charging capacitor), thereby avoiding a large current generated during the charging process of the power battery 300 due to the pre-charging capacitor C1 not being fully charged.
- the controller 202 controls the switching state of the switch component 2013 so that the bridge arm module 2012 and the inductive element 2011 form a pre-charging circuit, including:
- the controller 202 controls the sixth contactor K8 to be closed, the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3, and the seventh contactor K9 to be disconnected, at least one lower bridge switch tube of the bridge arm module 2012 to be turned on, and the N upper bridge switch tubes of the bridge arm module 2012 to be turned off, so that the DC power supply charges the inductive element 2011;
- the controller 202 controls the sixth contactor K8 to close, the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3, and the seventh contactor K9 to open, at least one upper bridge switch of the bridge arm module 2012 to turn on, and the N lower bridge switches of the bridge arm module 2012 to turn off, so that the DC power supply and the inductive element 2011 charge the pre-charge capacitor C1.
- the charging voltage of the pre-charge capacitor C1 is equal to the sum of the voltage of the DC power supply and the voltage of the inductive element 2011.
- the controller 202 can control the sixth contactor K8 to close, the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3 and the seventh contactor K9 to be disconnected, at least one lower bridge switch tube of the bridge arm module 2012 to be turned on, and the N upper bridge switch tubes of the bridge arm module 2012 to be disconnected.
- the DC power supply charges the inductor connected in series with the at least one lower bridge switch tube to increase the voltage across the inductor.
- the controller 202 can control the sixth contactor K8 to close, the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3 and the seventh contactor K9 to be disconnected, at least one upper bridge switch tube of the bridge arm module 2012 to be turned on, and the N lower bridge switches of the bridge arm module 2012 to be disconnected.
- the DC power supply and the inductor connected in series with the at least one upper bridge switch tube jointly charge the pre-charge capacitor C1, thereby realizing the pre-charging of the pre-charge capacitor C1 by the DC power supply.
- the durations of the first stage and the second stage may be different, and the durations of the first stage and the second stage may be designed according to the parameters of the inductor, the output voltage of the DC power supply, and the parameters of the pre-charge capacitor C1.
- the DC power supply and the inductor connected in series with the at least one upper bridge switch tube jointly charge the pre-charge capacitor C1. Due to the freewheeling effect of the inductor, a sudden large charging current will not occur. This can avoid the generation of large currents during the pre-charging process and improve the safety of pre-charging.
- the controller 202 controls the bridge arm module 2012 and the inductive element 2011 to form a boost circuit, so that the charging system 200 operates in a boost mode, thereby enabling the DC power supply to boost the voltage and charge the power battery 300.
- the controller 202 controls the bridge arm module 2012 and the inductive element 2011 to form a buck circuit, so that the charging system 200 operates in a buck mode, thereby enabling the DC power supply to buck the voltage and charge the power battery 300. This allows DC power supplies of different voltages to charge the power battery 300.
- Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another charging system 200 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
- Figure 25 is obtained based on Figure 24.
- the switch assembly 2013 further includes: a fourth contactor K6 and a fifth contactor K7.
- the negative electrode of the DC power supply is adapted to be connected to the second end of the second contactor K2 via the fourth contactor K6. Specifically, the negative electrode of the DC power supply is connected to the first end of the fourth contactor K6, and the second end of the fourth contactor K6 is connected to the second end of the second contactor K2;
- the second end of the sixth contactor K8 is connected to the first end of the inductive element 2011. Specifically, the second end of the sixth contactor K8 is connected to the first end of the fifth contactor K7, and the second end of the fifth contactor K7 is connected to the first end of the inductive element 2011.
- Adding the fifth contactor K7 can reduce the risk of electric shock. If the power battery 300 is operating while the vehicle is driving or parked, the first end of the fifth contactor K7 (charging port) may be charged. Accidentally touching this point may cause an electric shock, resulting in a risk of electric shock.
- the charging system 200 further includes a filter capacitor C2, a first end of the filter capacitor C2 is connected to the second end of the sixth contactor K8, and a second end of the filter capacitor C2 is connected to the second end of the fourth contactor K6.
- the filter capacitor C2 can further reduce the ripple generated during the voltage step-up or step-down process when the DC power supply charges the power battery 300.
- a DC power supply is described by taking a DC charging pile as an example.
- control module controls the bridge arm module and the inductive element 2011 to form a boost circuit, including:
- control module controls the sixth contactor K8, the fourth contactor K6, and the fifth contactor K7 to be closed, the third contactor K3 and the fifth contactor K9 to be opened, at least one lower bridge switch tube of the bridge arm module to be turned on, and the N upper bridge switch tubes of the bridge arm module to be turned off, so that the DC charging pile charges the inductive element 2011;
- control module controls the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, the sixth contactor K8, the fourth contactor K6 and the fifth contactor K7 to be closed, the third contactor K3 and the fifth contactor K9 to be disconnected, at least one upper bridge switch tube of the bridge arm module to be turned on, and the N lower bridge switch tubes of the bridge arm module to be disconnected, so that the DC charging pile and the inductive element 2011 charge the power battery 300, and the charging voltage of the power battery 300 is equal to the sum of the voltage of the DC charging pile and the voltage of the inductive element 2011.
- the first contactor K1 and the second contactor K2 can be closed or opened, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
- the control module can control the sixth contactor K8, the fourth contactor K6, and the fifth contactor K7 to be closed, the third contactor K3 and the fifth contactor K9 to be opened, the at least one lower bridge switch of the bridge arm module to be turned on, and the N upper bridge switches of the bridge arm module to be turned off.
- the DC charging pile charges the inductor connected in series with the at least one lower bridge switch, thereby increasing the voltage across the inductor.
- the control module can control the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, the sixth contactor K8, the fourth contactor K6, and the fifth contactor K7 to be closed, the third contactor K3 and the fifth contactor K9 to be open, the at least one upper bridge switch of the bridge arm module to be turned on, and the N lower bridge switches of the bridge arm module to be turned off.
- the DC charging pile and the inductor connected in series with the at least one upper bridge switch jointly charge the power battery 300. Because the voltage across the power battery 300 is equal to the sum of the voltage of the DC charging pile and the voltage of the inductor connected in series with the at least one upper bridge switch, the DC charging pile charges the power battery 300 after boosting. In this embodiment of the present application, in boost mode, the DC charging pile does not directly charge the power battery 300.
- the first and second phases alternate, thereby boosting the voltage of the DC charging pile and charging the power battery 300.
- Each contactor can be periodically closed and closed, and each cycle can include the first and second phases.
- the duration of the first and second phases can be different, and can be designed based on the parameters of the inductor, the output voltage of the DC charging pile, and the voltage of the power battery 300.
- the inductor cannot be in a saturated state. If the inductor is in a saturated state, the voltage across the inductor will not rise, and the voltage boosting effect cannot be achieved.
- control module controls the bridge arm module and the inductive element 2011 to form a step-down circuit, including:
- control module controls the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3, the fifth contactor K9, the fourth contactor K6, and the fifth contactor K7 to be closed, the first contactor K1 and the sixth contactor K8 to be opened, at least one upper bridge switch tube of the bridge arm module to be turned on, and the N lower bridge switch tubes of the bridge arm module to be turned off, so that the DC charging pile charges the inductive element 2011 and the power battery 300;
- control module controls the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3, the fifth contactor K9, the fourth contactor K6 and the fifth contactor K7 to be closed, the first contactor K1 and the sixth contactor K8 to be disconnected, at least one lower bridge switch tube of the bridge arm module to be turned on, and the N upper bridge switch tubes of the bridge arm module to be disconnected, so that the inductive element 2011 charges the power battery 300.
- FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram of current flow in the first stage of the charging system 200 operating in the buck mode, provided in the embodiment of the present application.
- the control module can control the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3, the fifth contactor K9, the fourth contactor K6, and the fifth contactor K7 to be closed, the first contactor K1 and the sixth contactor K8 to be open, the at least one upper bridge switch of the bridge arm module to be turned on, and the N lower bridge switches of the bridge arm module to be turned off.
- FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram of the current flow in the second phase of a charging system 200 provided in an embodiment of the present application when operating in step-down mode. As shown in FIG.
- the control module can control the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3, and the fifth contactor K7 to be closed, the first contactor K1 and the sixth contactor K8 to be disconnected, the at least one lower bridge switch of the bridge arm module to be turned on, and the N upper bridge switches of the bridge arm module to be disconnected.
- the inductor connected in series with the at least one lower bridge switch charges the power battery 300, thereby achieving charging of the power battery 300 after the DC charging pile is stepped down.
- the fifth contactor K9 and the current contactor can be opened or closed, and this embodiment of the present application does not limit this.
- the DC charging pile in step-down mode, does not charge the power battery 300 directly. Instead, it charges the power battery 300 through an inductor, and a large charging current will not suddenly appear. Even if the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3, the fifth contactor K9, or any of the positive and negative contactors of the charging pile are sintered, there will be no risk of short circuit, thereby improving the safety of step-down charging.
- the DC charging pile can output at a voltage greater than that of the power battery 300, allowing the DC charging pile to output as much power as possible, thereby increasing the charging current of the power battery 300 and reducing the charging time of the power battery 300.
- the first and second phases alternate, allowing the DC charging pile to step down and charge the power battery 300.
- Each contactor can be periodically closed and closed, and each cycle can include the first and second phases.
- the duration of the first and second phases can be different and can be designed based on the inductor parameters, the output voltage of the DC charging pile, and the voltage of the power battery 300.
- the inductor cannot be in a saturated state. If the inductor is in a saturated state, the voltage across the inductor will not rise, and the voltage reduction effect cannot be achieved.
- the control module controls the switching state of the switch component 2013 so that the DC power supply charges the battery, including: the control module controls the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, the fifth contactor K9 and the fourth contactor K6 to be closed, and the third contactor K3, the sixth contactor K8 and the fifth contactor K7 to be disconnected, so that the DC charging pile charges the power battery 300.
- Figure 30 is a schematic diagram of the current flow of a charging system 200 provided in the embodiment of the present application when it operates in a direct charging mode.
- the control module controls the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, the fifth contactor K9 and the fourth contactor K6 to be closed, and the third contactor K3, the sixth contactor K8 and the fifth contactor K7 to be disconnected
- the charging system 200 operates in a direct charging mode.
- the DC charging pile can directly charge the power battery 300 without passing through the bridge arm module and the inductive element 2011, which can improve the energy conversion efficiency.
- the charging system 200 can be operated in a direct charging mode.
- the charging system 200 can be operated in a direct charging mode.
- the control module controls the switching state of the switch component 2013 so that the bridge arm module and the inductive element 2011 form a pre-charging circuit, including:
- control module controls the sixth contactor K8, the fourth contactor K6, and the fifth contactor K7 to be closed, the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3, and the fifth contactor K9 to be disconnected, at least one lower bridge switch tube of the bridge arm module to be turned on, and the N upper bridge switch tubes of the bridge arm module to be turned off, so that the DC charging pile charges the inductive element 2011;
- control module controls the sixth contactor K8, the fourth contactor K6 and the fifth contactor K7 to be closed, the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3 and the fifth contactor K9 to be disconnected, at least one upper bridge switch tube of the bridge arm module to be turned on, and the N lower bridge switch tubes of the bridge arm module to be disconnected, so that the DC charging pile and the inductive element 2011 charge the pre-charge capacitor C1.
- FIG. 31 is a schematic diagram of current flow during the first stage of the charging system 200 operating in pre-charge mode, provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- the control module can control the sixth contactor K8, the fourth contactor K6, and the fifth contactor K7 to be closed, the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3, and the fifth contactor K9 to be disconnected, at least one lower bridge switch of the bridge arm module to be turned on, and all N upper bridge switches of the bridge arm module to be turned off.
- the DC charging pile charges the inductor connected in series with the at least one lower bridge switch, thereby increasing the voltage across the inductor.
- FIG. 32 is a schematic diagram of current flow during the second stage of the charging system 200 operating in pre-charge mode, provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- the control module can control the sixth contactor K8, the fourth contactor K6 and the fifth contactor K7 to be closed, the first contactor K1, the second contactor K2, the third contactor K3 and the fifth contactor K9 to be disconnected, at least one upper bridge switch tube of the bridge arm module to be turned on, and the N lower bridge switches of the bridge arm module to be disconnected.
- the DC charging pile and the inductor connected in series with the at least one upper bridge switch tube jointly charge the pre-charge capacitor C1, thereby realizing the pre-charging of the pre-charge capacitor C1 by the DC charging pile.
- the durations of the first and second stages may be different, and the durations of the first and second stages may be designed according to the parameters of the inductor, the output voltage of the DC charging pile, and the parameters of the pre-charge capacitor C1.
- the DC charging pile and the inductor connected in series with the at least one upper bridge switch jointly charge pre-charging capacitor C1. Due to the freewheeling effect of the inductor, a sudden large charging current is not generated. This can avoid the generation of large currents during the pre-charging process and improve the safety of pre-charging.
- the inductive element 2011 is illustrated as three inductors.
- the charging module can conduct only one of the three inductors or conduct them all at the same time. This is not limited in the present embodiment.
- staggered conduction can be used. For example, consider the three inductors: L1, L2, and L3. In the current cycle, L1 is conducting; in the next cycle, L2 is conducting; and in the cycle after that, L3 is conducting. This staggered conduction of L1, L2, and L3 reduces inductor ripple.
- the DC charging pile when the DC charging pile has a low output voltage, it operates in boost mode to achieve compatibility with low-voltage charging piles.
- boost mode when charging piles with high output voltages, it operates in buck mode to maximize the DC charging pile's power output while meeting the requirements for charging low-voltage vehicles or the vehicle's tolerance, thereby reducing charging time.
- boost and buck modes By using both boost and buck modes, the compatibility and convenience of electric vehicle charging are improved.
- Both the boost and buck circuits in the embodiments of the present application involve inductors and switching transistors, effectively preventing the risk of a short circuit between the vehicle and the charging pile during charging.
- a pre-charge capacitor In direct charging mode, a pre-charge capacitor can be pre-charged to prevent the risk of a short circuit between the vehicle and the charging pile.
- the fifth contactor is closed in both boost and buck modes. Adding the fifth contactor distinguishes between driving and charging conditions. When driving or in similar operating conditions, the fifth contactor is disconnected to prevent the charging port from being energized while the electronic control is operating. If an uninformed operator accidentally touches the charging port or the corresponding area, this could result in an electric shock. When the fifth contactor is closed during charging, the above-mentioned risk of electric shock does not exist because the charging gun is already plugged in during charging.
- the charging system in the present disclosure includes a charging circuit and a controller, and the charging circuit is connected to the controller.
- the charging circuit includes: an inductive element, a bridge arm module and a switch assembly, and the charging system is used to charge the power battery.
- One end of the switch assembly is suitable for being connected to the power supply device, and the other end is electrically connected to the first end of the inductive element, and the second end of the inductive element is suitable for being connected to the power battery through the bridge arm module.
- the controller controls the switch assembly and the bridge arm module according to the target charging mode to charge the power battery through the power supply device and/or the inductive element.
- the target charging mode includes: at least one of a boost charging mode, a buck charging mode and a direct charging mode.
- the present disclosure reuses the original inductive element and bridge arm module of the vehicle to pre-charge the pre-charge capacitor and charge the power battery according to the target charging mode, and can be compatible with power supply devices of different voltages without adding additional circuit structures.
- FIG33 is a flow chart showing a charging control method according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in FIG33 , the method includes:
- Step S101 determining a target charging mode from preset charging modes according to the output voltage of the power supply device and the battery voltage of the power battery.
- the power supply device in the present disclosure can be a charging pile or a DC power supply, such as a battery, and the present disclosure does not make specific limitations on this.
- the present disclosure can be applied to a charging circuit, wherein the charging circuit can include a pre-charge capacitor, a power battery, a switch assembly, an inductive element and a bridge arm module, the pre-charge capacitor and the power battery can be connected in parallel, one end of the switch assembly is suitable for connection to the power supply device, and the other end is electrically connected to the first end of the inductive element, and the second end of the inductive element is suitable for connection to the power battery through the bridge arm module.
- the bridge arm module can be a three-phase inverter circuit in a motor controller, and the inductive element can be an inductor in the motor, thereby realizing functional reuse of the motor controller and the motor module, simplifying the circuit structure and reducing production costs.
- the corresponding target charging mode can be determined from the preset charging modes based on the relationship between the output voltage of the power supply device and the battery voltage of the power battery.
- the preset charging modes can include at least one of a boost charging mode, a buck charging mode, and a direct charging mode.
- the boost charging mode when the output voltage of the power supply device is lower than the battery voltage of the power battery, the boost charging mode can be used as the target charging mode; when the output voltage of the power supply device is higher than the battery voltage of the power battery, and the difference between the output voltage and the battery voltage is higher than the first preset voltage threshold and lower than the second preset voltage threshold, the direct charging mode can be used as the target charging mode; when the output voltage of the power supply device is higher than the battery voltage of the power battery, and the difference between the output voltage and the battery voltage is higher than the second preset voltage threshold, the buck charging mode can be used as the target charging mode.
- Step S102 According to the target charging mode, the switch assembly, the inductive element, and the bridge arm module are controlled to pre-charge the pre-charge capacitor through the power supply device and/or the inductive element.
- different charging modes correspond to different switch states in the charging circuit, where the switch states include the states of the various switches in the switch assembly and the states of the various switches in the bridge arm module.
- the states of the various switches in the switch assembly and the states of the various switches in the bridge arm module can be controlled according to the target charging mode, thereby pre-charging the pre-charge capacitor through the power supply device and/or the inductive element.
- the pre-charge capacitor when the target charging mode is a boost charging mode, can be pre-charged by the power supply device and the inductive element, thereby achieving boost pre-charging of the pre-charge capacitor; when the target charging mode is a buck charging mode, the pre-charge capacitor can be pre-charged by the inductive element, thereby achieving buck pre-charging of the pre-charge capacitor; when the target charging mode is a direct charging mode, the pre-charge capacitor can be pre-charged by the power supply device, thereby achieving direct pre-charging of the pre-charge capacitor.
- Step S103 when pre-charging is completed, the switch assembly, the inductive element and the bridge arm module are controlled according to the target charging mode to charge the power battery through the power supply device and/or the inductive element.
- the states of various switches in the switch assembly and the states of various switches in the bridge arm module can be controlled according to the target charging mode, so as to charge the power battery through the power supply device and/or the inductive element.
- the power battery when the target charging mode is a boost charging mode, the power battery can be charged by the power supply device and the inductive element together, thereby achieving boost charging of the power battery; when the target charging mode is a buck charging mode, the power battery can be charged by the inductive element, thereby achieving buck charging of the power battery; when the target charging mode is a direct charging mode, the power battery can be charged by the power supply device, thereby achieving direct charging of the power battery.
- the power battery when the output voltage of the power supply device is less than the charging voltage of the power battery, the power battery can be boosted and charged using the boost charging mode.
- the power battery When the output voltage of the power supply device is greater than the charging voltage of the power battery, the power battery can be bucked and charged using the buck charging mode, allowing the power supply device to output as much power as possible, thereby reducing charging time.
- the power battery When the output voltage of the power supply device meets the charging voltage of the power battery, the power battery can be directly charged using the direct charging mode, thereby being compatible with power supply devices of different voltages, improving charging flexibility and the compatibility of the power battery and the power supply device.
- the pre-charge capacitor is pre-charged by the power supply device, there is no need to add an additional pre-charge branch, simplifying the circuit structure and reducing production costs.
- FIG34 is a flow chart of another charging control method according to an exemplary embodiment.
- the target charging mode may include a boost charging mode.
- step S102 may be implemented by the following steps:
- Step S1021 controlling the switch assembly and the bridge arm module to charge the inductive element through the power supply device.
- Step S1022 Control the switch assembly and the bridge arm module to pre-charge the pre-charge capacitor simultaneously through the power supply device and the inductive element.
- the states of the switches in the switch assembly and the switches in the bridge arm module can be controlled according to the boost charging mode, so that the power supply device can charge the inductive element through the charging circuit. Then, the states of the switches in the switch assembly and the switches in the bridge arm module can be controlled so that the power supply device and the inductive element can simultaneously pre-charge the pre-charge capacitor, thereby achieving boost pre-charging of the pre-charge capacitor.
- steps S1021 and S1022 may be repeatedly performed in sequence according to a target frequency to periodically charge the inductive element, and simultaneously pre-charge the pre-charge capacitor through the power supply device and the inductive element, thereby achieving continuous boost pre-charging of the pre-charge capacitor.
- the target frequency may be a preset fixed value, or may be calculated in real time during the pre-charging process. For example, the target frequency may be calculated based on a preset pre-charging time, energy storage parameters of the inductive element, parameters of each switch in the bridge arm module, and the actual output voltage of the power supply device.
- the duty cycle of a PWM (English: Pulse Width Modulation, Chinese: Pulse Width Modulation) wave may be determined according to the target frequency, and the PWM wave may be used to control the charging circuit to repeatedly perform steps S1021 and S1022 according to the target frequency.
- PWM American: Pulse Width Modulation
- Chinese Pulse Width Modulation
- FIG35 is a flow chart of another charging control method according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in FIG35 , when the target charging mode includes the boost charging mode, step S103 can be implemented by the following steps:
- Step S1031 controlling the switch assembly and the bridge arm module to charge the inductive element through the power supply device.
- Step S1032 Control the switch assembly and the bridge arm module to charge the power battery simultaneously through the power supply device and the inductive element.
- the states of the switches in the switch assembly and the switches in the bridge arm module can be controlled according to the boost charging mode, so that the power supply device can charge the inductive element through the charging circuit. Then, the states of the switches in the switch assembly and the switches in the bridge arm module can be controlled so that the power supply device and the inductive element can charge the power battery simultaneously, thereby achieving boost charging of the power battery.
- step S1031 and step S1032 may be repeatedly executed in sequence according to the target frequency to periodically charge the energy storage module and simultaneously pre-charge the power battery through the power supply device and the inductive element, thereby achieving continuous boost charging of the power battery.
- FIG36 is a flow chart of another charging control method according to an exemplary embodiment.
- the target charging mode may include a buck charging mode. Accordingly, step S102 may be implemented by the following steps:
- Step S1023 Control the switch assembly and the bridge arm module to charge the inductive element and/or the pre-charge capacitor through the power supply device.
- Step S1024 controlling the switch assembly and the bridge arm module to pre-charge the pre-charge capacitor through the inductive element.
- the state of each switch in the switch assembly and the state of each switch in the bridge arm module can be controlled according to the buck charging mode, so that the power supply device can charge the inductive element through the charging circuit.
- the state of each switch in the switch assembly and the state of each switch in the bridge arm module can also be controlled so that the power supply device can charge the inductive element and the pre-charge capacitor in series through the charging circuit, and can achieve buck pre-charging of the pre-charge capacitor while charging the inductive element.
- the state of each switch in the switch assembly and the state of each switch in the bridge arm module can be controlled so that the inductive element charges the pre-charge capacitor, thereby achieving buck pre-charging of the pre-charge capacitor.
- step S1023 and step S1024 may be repeatedly performed in sequence according to the target frequency to periodically charge the inductive element and pre-charge the pre-charge capacitor through the inductive element, thereby achieving continuous voltage reduction pre-charging of the pre-charge capacitor.
- FIG37 is a flow chart of another charging control method according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in FIG37 , when the target charging mode includes the buck charging mode, step S103 can be implemented by the following steps:
- Step S1033 Control the switch assembly and the bridge arm module to charge the inductive element and/or the power battery through the power supply device.
- Step S1034 Control the switch assembly and the bridge arm module to charge the power battery through the inductive element.
- the states of the switches in the switch assembly and the switches in the bridge arm module can be controlled according to the buck charging mode, so that the power supply device can charge the inductive element through the charging circuit.
- the states of the switches in the switch assembly and the switches in the bridge arm module can be controlled so that the power supply device can charge the inductive element and the power battery in series through the charging circuit, thereby simultaneously charging the inductive element and stepping down the power battery.
- the states of the switches in the switch assembly and the switches in the bridge arm module can be controlled so that the inductive element charges the power battery, thereby stepping down the power battery.
- step S1033 and step S1034 may be repeatedly performed in sequence according to the target frequency to periodically charge the inductive element, and charge the power battery through the inductive element, thereby achieving continuous voltage reduction charging of the power battery.
- the target charging mode may include a direct charging mode.
- step S102 may be implemented in the following manner:
- step S103 can be implemented in the following manner:
- the state of each switch in the switch assembly and the state of each switch in the bridge arm module can be controlled according to the target direct charging mode, so that the pre-charge capacitor can be pre-charged directly through the power supply device.
- the state of each switch in the switch assembly and the state of each switch in the bridge arm module can be controlled according to the direct charging mode, so as to directly charge the power battery through the power supply device.
- the present disclosure first determines the target charging mode from the preset charging modes based on the output voltage of the power supply device and the battery voltage of the power battery, wherein the preset charging mode includes at least one of a boost charging mode, a buck charging mode and a direct charging mode. Then, according to the target charging mode, the switch assembly and the bridge arm module are controlled to pre-charge the pre-charge capacitor through the power supply device and/or the inductive element, and when the pre-charging is completed, the switch assembly and the inductive element are controlled according to the target charging mode to charge the power battery through the power supply device and/or the inductive element.
- the preset charging mode includes at least one of a boost charging mode, a buck charging mode and a direct charging mode.
- the present disclosure reuses the original inductive element and bridge arm module of the vehicle to pre-charge the pre-charge capacitor and charge the power battery according to the target charging mode. It is compatible with power supply devices of different voltages without adding additional circuit structures, and pre-charges the pre-charge capacitor through the power supply device without adding additional pre-charging branches, thereby simplifying the circuit structure and reducing production costs.
- Figure 38 is a block diagram of a controller according to an exemplary embodiment.
- the controller 202 may include a processor 2021 and a memory 2022.
- the controller 202 may also include one or more of a multimedia component 2023, an input/output (I/O) interface 2024, and a communication component 2025.
- I/O input/output
- the processor 2021 is used to control the overall operation of the controller 202 to complete all or part of the steps in the above-mentioned charging control method.
- the memory 2022 is used to store various types of data to support the operation of the controller 202. This data may include, for example, instructions for any application or method operating on the controller 202, as well as application-related data such as contact information, sent and received messages, pictures, audio, video, etc.
- the memory 2022 can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile memory device or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic memory, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk.
- the multimedia component 2023 can include a screen and an audio component.
- the screen can be, for example, a touch screen, and the audio component is used to output and/or input audio signals.
- the audio component can include a microphone for receiving external audio signals.
- the received audio signal can be further stored in the memory 2022 or transmitted via the communication component 2025.
- the audio component also includes at least one speaker for outputting audio signals.
- the I/O interface 2024 provides an interface between the processor 2021 and other interface modules, which may be a keyboard, a mouse, buttons, etc. These buttons may be virtual buttons or physical buttons.
- the communication component 2025 is used for wired or wireless communication between the controller 202 and other devices. Wireless communication, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Near Field Communication (NFC), 2G, 3G, 4G, NB-IOT, eMTC, or other 5G, etc., or a combination of one or more of them, is not limited here. Therefore, the corresponding communication component 2025 may include: a Wi-Fi module, a Bluetooth module, an NFC module, etc.
- the controller 202 can be implemented by one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors or other electronic components to execute the above-mentioned charging control method.
- ASICs application specific integrated circuits
- DSPs digital signal processors
- DSPDs digital signal processing devices
- PLDs programmable logic devices
- FPGAs field programmable gate arrays
- controllers microcontrollers, microprocessors or other electronic components to execute the above-mentioned charging control method.
- a computer-readable storage medium including program instructions When executed by a processor, the program instructions implement the steps of the above-described charging control method.
- the computer-readable storage medium may be the aforementioned memory 2022 including the program instructions.
- the program instructions may be executed by the processor 2021 of the controller 202 to implement the above-described charging control method.
- FIG39 is a block diagram of a vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in FIG39 , the vehicle 500 is provided with a controller 202 .
- FIG40 is a block diagram of another vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in FIG40 , the vehicle 500 is provided with a charging system 200 .
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Abstract
一种充电系统,包括充电电路(201)和控制器(202),充电电路(201)包括:感性元件(2011)、桥臂模块(2012)和开关组件(2013),充电系统用于为动力电池(300)充电。开关组件(2013)的一端适于与供电装置(400)连接,另一端与感性元件(2011)的第一端电连接。感性元件(2011)的第二端适于通过桥臂模块(2012)与动力电池(300)连接。控制器(202)用于根据目标充电模式,控制开关组件(2013)和桥臂模块(2012),以通过供电装置(400)和/或感性元件(2011)为动力电池(300)充电,充电系统能够在不增加额外的电路结构的情况下兼容不同电压的供电装置。还提供了一种充电控制方法、实现充电控制方法的控制器、包括控制器或充电系统的车辆。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本公开要求在2024年01月31日提交中国专利局、申请号为202410144741.0、名称为“充电控制方法、充电系统、控制器及车辆”,2024年01月31日提交中国专利局、申请号为202410144725.1、名称为“充电装置及电动设备”,以及2024年02月01日提交中国专利局、申请号为202410144877.1、名称为“一种充电系统和电动汽车”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。
本公开涉及车辆技术领域,尤其涉及一种充电系统、充电控制方法、控制器及车辆。
不同车型动力电池电压范围越来越宽,充电需求的功率也参差不齐,并且不同厂家充电桩的输出能力存在差异,需要通过升压或降压的方式为动力电池充电,并且在给动力电池正式充电之前,需要先通过电容预充回路对预充电容进行预充,以保护动力电池不被大电流损坏。
本公开的目的是提供一种充电系统、充电控制方法、控制器及车辆,用于克服相关技术中存在的问题。
根据本公开实施例的第一方面,提供一种充电系统,所述充电系统包括充电电路和控制器,所述充电电路与所述控制器连接,所述充电电路包括:感性元件、桥臂模块和开关组件,所述充电系统用于为动力电池充电;
所述开关组件的一端适于与所述供电装置连接,另一端与所述感性元件的第一端连接;所述感性元件的第二端适于通过所述桥臂模块与所述动力电池连接;
所述控制器用于,根据所述目标充电模式,控制所述开关组件和所述桥臂模块,以通过所述供电装置和/或所述感性元件为所述动力电池充电,所述目标充电模式包括:升压充电模式、降压充电模式和直连充电模式中的至少一个。
可选地,所述控制器还用于:
根据所述供电装置的输出电压和所述动力电池的电池电压,从预设充电模式中确定所述目标充电模式。
可选地,所述开关组件包括第一开关组件和第二开关组件;
所述动力电池适于通过所述第一开关组件和所述第二开关组件与所述供电装置连接,所述动力电池还适于通过所述第一开关组件与所述桥臂模块连接,所述感性元件适于通过所述第二开关组件连接所述供电装置。
可选地,所述充电电路还包括:预充电容;
所述预充电容适于通过所述第一开关组件与所述动力电池并联连接,所述预充电容还与所述桥臂模块连接;
所述控制器用于,根据所述目标充电模式,控制所述开关组件和所述桥臂模块,以通过所述供电装置和/或所述感性元件为所述预充电容进行预充。
可选地,所述充电电路还包括:滤波电容;
所述滤波电容的一端与所述桥臂模块连接,所述滤波电容的另一端与所述感性元件连接。
可选地,所述预充电容的第一端与所述桥臂模块的上桥臂连接,所述预充电容的第二端与所述桥臂模块的下桥臂连接,所述桥臂模块的桥臂中点与所述感性元件的第一端连接,所述感性元件的第二端与所述第二开关组件连接;所述桥臂模块的上桥臂还与所述第二开关组件连接,所述桥臂模块的下桥臂还与所述第二开关组件连接。
可选地,所述第一开关组件包括:第一接触器、第二接触器和第三接触器;所述第二开关组件包括:第一开关管、第二开关管和第四接触器;
所述第一接触器的第一端适于与所述动力电池的第一端连接,所述第一接触器的第二端与所述预充电容的第一端连接;
所述第二接触器的第一端适于与所述动力电池的第二端连接,所述第二接触器的第二端与所述预充电容的第二端连接;
所述第三接触器的第一端适于与所述动力电池的第一端连接,所述第三接触器的第二端与所述感性元件的第二端连接;
所述第一开关管的第一端与所述桥臂模块的上桥臂连接,所述第一开关管的第二端适于与所述供电装置的第一端连接;
所述第四接触器的第一端与所述桥臂模块的下桥臂连接,所述第四接触器的第二端适于与所述供电装置的第二端连接;
所述第二开关管的第一端与所述感性元件的第二端连接,所述第二开关管的第二端适于与所述供电装置的第一端连接。
可选地,所述控制器具体用于:
闭合所述第四接触器,导通所述第二开关管,并断开所述第一接触器、所述第二接触器、所述第三接触器和所述第一开关管;
周期性地控制所述桥臂模块的上桥臂的开关管和下桥臂的开关管交替导通,以按照所述升压充电模式为所述预充电容进行升压预充;
所述控制器具体用于:
闭合所述第一接触器、所述第二接触器、所述第四接触器和所述第二开关管,并断开所述第三接触器和所述第一开关管;
周期性地控制所述桥臂模块的上桥和下桥交替导通,以按照所述升压充电模式为所述动力电池进行升压充电。
可选地,所述控制器具体用于:
闭合所述第四接触器,导通所述桥臂模块的上桥臂的开关管,并断开所述第一接触器、所述第二接触器、所述第三接触器、所述第一开关管和所述桥臂模块的下桥臂的开关管;
周期性地导通所述第二开关管,以按照所述降压充电模式为所述预充电容进行降压预充;
所述控制器具体用于:
闭合所述第二接触器、第三接触器、第一开关管和所述第四接触器,并断开所述第一接触器和所述第二开关管;
周期性地控制所述桥臂模块的上桥臂的开关管和下桥臂的开关管交替导通,以按照所述降压充电模式为所述动力电池进行降压充电。
可选地,所述控制器具体用于:
闭合所述第四接触器,并断开所述第一接触器、所述第二接触器、所述第三接触器、所述第二开关管以及所述桥臂模块的上桥臂的开关管和下桥臂的开关管;
周期性地导通所述第一开关管,以按照所述直连充电模式为所述预充电容进行直连预充;
所述控制器具体用于:
闭合所述第一接触器、所述第二接触器和所述第四接触器,并断开所述第三接触器、所述第二开关管以及所述桥臂模块的上桥臂的开关管和下桥臂的开关管;
周期性地导通所述第一开关管,并在所述供电装置的输出电压保持在预设电压区间之后,保持所述第一开关管导通,以按照所述直连充电模式为所述动力电池进行直连充电。
可选地,所述开关组件包括:开关管;
所述开关管的一端适于通过充电口与所述供电装置电连接,另一端与所述感性元件的第一端连接;
所述感性元件的第二端适于通过所述桥臂模块与所述动力电池电连接;
所述控制器用于:
所述充电系统工作在升压充电模式的情况时,控制所述开关管的工作状态,并利用所述感性元件和所述桥臂模块形成升压充电回路,将所述充电口接收到的电压升高后为所述动力电池充电;
所述充电系统工作在降压充电模式的情况时,控制所述开关组件的工作状态,并利用所述感性元件和所述桥臂模块形成降压充电回路,将所述充电口接收到的电压降低后为所述动力电池充电。
可选地,所述开关组件包括:第一开关管和第二开关管;
所述第一开关管的第一端适于与所述充电口的第一端电连接;
所述第一开关管的第二端与所述感性元件的第一端电连接;
所述第二开关管的第一端与所述感性元件的第一端电连接;
所述第二开关管的第二端适于与所述充电口的第二端电连接;
所述第一开关管的第二端与所述第二开关管的第一端电连接,且电连接处与所述感性元件的第一端电连接。
可选地,所述充电系统还包括:滤波电容;
所述滤波电容一端与所述感性元件的第一端电连接,另一端与所述桥臂模块的负极端电连接;
所述滤波电容用于对所述充电口接收到的电能进行滤波。
可选地,所述充电系统还包括:第五接触器或者第四接触器;
所述第五接触器的一端与所述开关管的第二端电连接,另一端与所述感性元件的第一端连接;
所述第五接触器用于控制所述开关管的第二端与所述感性元件的第一端之间回路的通断;
所述第四接触器的一端与桥臂模块的负极端电连接,另一端适于与所述充电口的第二端电连接;
所述第四接触器用于控制所述充电口与所述桥臂模块的负极端之间回路的通断。
可选地,所述第一开关管包括:第一场效应管;所述第二开关管包括:第二场效应管;
所述第一场效应管的第一端适于与所述充电口的第一端电连接,第三端适于接收第一控制信号,第二端与所述感性元件的第一端电连接;
所述第二场效应管的第一端与所述感性元件的第一端电连接,第三端适于接收所述第二控制信号,第二端与所述充电口的第二端、所述动力电池的负极端分别电连接。
可选地,所述感性元件包括:N相绕组;所述桥臂模块包括:并联的N个桥臂;
所述N相绕组的第一端与所述开关管的另一端电连接;
所述N相绕组的第二端与所述N个桥臂的中点一一对应连接,N为大于或等于1的整数。
可选地,所述控制器具体用于:
所述充电系统工作在升压充电模式的情况时,控制所述第一开关管闭合、所述第二开关管断开,且控制所述N个桥臂各自的上桥关闭、至少一个桥臂的下桥导通第一预设时间,则所述充电口接收到的电能为所述N相绕组充电;
导通所述第一预设时间后控制所述N个桥臂各自的下桥关闭、至少一个桥臂的上桥导通,则所述充电口与所述N相绕组共同为所述动力电池充电;
上述过程反复进行直至充电结束。
可选地,所述控制器具体用于:
所述充电系统工作在降压充电模式的情况时,第一阶段控制所述第一开关管闭合,所述第二开关管断开,且控制所述N个桥臂各自的下桥关闭、至少一个桥臂的上桥导通,则所述充电口为所述N相绕组和所述动力电池同时充电;
第二阶段控制所述第一开关管断开,所述第二开关管闭合,且控制所述N个桥臂各自的下桥关闭、至少一个桥臂的上桥导通,则所述N相绕组续流为所述动力电池降压充电;
上述过程反复进行直至充电结束。
可选地,所述充电系统还包括:预充电容、第一接触器和第二接触器;
所述预充电容与所述动力电池的正极端、负极端电连接;
所述控制器具体用于:
所述充电系统工作在升压预充模式的情况时,控制所述第一开关管闭合、所述第二开关管断开、所述第一接触器和所述第二接触器断开,且控制所述N个桥臂各自的上桥关闭、至少一个桥臂的下桥导通第二预设时间,则所述充电口接收到的电能或者车内电源提供的电能为所述三相绕组充电;
导通所述第二预设时间后,控制所述N个桥臂各自的下桥关闭、至少一个桥臂的上桥导通,则所述充电口接收到的电能或者车内电源提供的电能与所述三相绕组续流共同为所述预充电容充电,该过程反复进行直至所述预充电容的电压与所述动力电池当前实时电压相差在预设范围内为止;
所述充电系统工作在降压预充模式的情况时,第一阶段控制所述第一接触器和所述第二接触器断开,所述第一开关管闭合,所述第二开关管断开,且控制所述N个桥臂各自的下桥关闭、至少一个桥臂的上桥导通,则所述充电口接收到的电能或者车内电源提供的电能为所述N相绕组、所述预充电容同时充电;
第二阶段控制所述第一接触器和所述第二接触器断开,所述第一开关管断开,所述第二开关管闭合,且控制所述N个桥臂各自的下桥关闭、至少一个桥臂的上桥导通,则所述N相绕组续流继续为所述预充电容降压充电,该过程反复进行直至所述预充电容的电压与所述动力电池当前实时电压相差在预设范围内为止;
所述充电系统工作在直连预充模式的情况时,控制所述第一开关管闭合、所述第二开关管断开、所述第一接触器和所述第二接触器断开,且控制所述N个桥臂各自的下桥关闭、至少一个桥臂的上桥导通,则所述充电口接收到的电能或者车内电源提供的电能,通过所述N相绕组和所述至少一个桥臂的上桥输至所述预充电容,为所述预充电容直连充电直至所述预充电容的电压到与所述动力电池当前实时电压相差在预设范围内为止。
可选地,所述供电装置包括直流电源;
所述桥臂模块的第一端适于与所述动力电池的正极连接,所述桥臂模块的第二端适于与所述动力电池的负极连接,所述感性元件的第一端适于通过所述开关组件与直流电源连接,所述桥臂模块的桥臂中点连接所述感性元件的第二端;所述桥臂模块的第二端适于与所述直流电源连接;
所述充电系统工作在升压模式的情况下,所述控制器控制所述开关组件的开关状态,以使所述桥臂模块和所述感性元件形成升压电路;
所述充电系统工作在降压模式的情况下,所述控制器控制所述开关组件的开关状态,以使所述桥臂模块和所述感性元件形成降压电路。
可选地,所述开关组件包括第一接触器和第二接触器,所述动力电池的正极适于连接所述第一接触器的第一端,所述第一接触器的第二端连接所述桥臂模块的第一端,所述动力电池的负极适于连接所述第二接触器的第一端,所述第二接触器的第二端连接所述桥臂模块的第二端。
可选地,所述开关组件还包括:第三接触器、第六接触器、第七接触器,所述第一接触器的第一端连接所述第三接触器的第一端,所述第一接触器的第二端连接所述第七接触器的第一端,所述第七接触器的第二端适于连接直流电源的正极和所述第六接触器的第一端,所述第三接触器的第二端连接所述第六接触器的第二端,所述第六接触器的第二端适于与所述感性元件的第一端连接,所述直流电源的负极适于与所述桥臂模块的第二端连接。
可选地,所述充电系统还包括预充电容,所述第一接触器的第二端连接所述预充电容的第一端,所述第二接触器的第二端连接所述预充电容的第二端。
可选地,所述桥臂模块包括并联的N个桥臂单元,每个桥臂单元包括串联的上桥开关管和下桥开关管;所述感性元件包括N个电感;所述N个电感的第一端与所述第六接触器的第二端连通,所述N个电感的第二端与所述N个桥臂单元的桥臂中点一一对应连接,每个桥臂单元的桥臂中点为所述每个桥臂单元的上桥开关管和下桥开关管的连接点,N为大于或等于1的整数。
可选地,所述开关组件还包括:第四接触器和第五接触器;
所述直流电源的负极适于连接所述第四接触器的第一端,所述第四接触器的第二端连接所述第二接触器的第二端;
所述第六接触器的第二端连接所述第五接触器的第一端,所述第五接触器的第二端连接所述感性元件的第一端。
可选地,所述充电系统还包括滤波电容,所述滤波电容的第一端连接所述第六接触器的第二端,所述滤波电容的第二端连接所述第四接触器的第二端。
可选地,所述控制器控制所述开关组件的开关状态,以使所述桥臂模块和所述感性元件形成升压电路,包括:
所述控制器在第一阶段控制所述第六接触器、所述第四接触器和所述第五接触器均闭合,所述第三接触器和所述第七接触器均断开,所述桥臂模块的至少一个下桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块的N个上桥开关管均断开,以使所述直流电源给所述感性元件充电;
所述控制器在第二阶段控制所述第一接触器、所述第二接触器、所述第六接触器、所述第四接触器和所述第五接触器均闭合,所述第三接触器和所述第七接触器均断开,所述桥臂模块的至少一个上桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块的N个下桥开关管均断开,以使所述直流电源和所述感性元件给所述动力电池充电。
可选地,所述控制器控制所述开关组件的开关状态,以使所述桥臂模块和所述感性元件形成降压电路,包括:
所述控制器在第一阶段控制所述第二接触器、所述第三接触器、所述第七接触器、所述第四接触器和所述第五接触器均闭合,所述第一接触器和所述第六接触器均断开,所述桥臂模块的至少一个上桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块的N个下桥开关管均断开,以使所述直流电源给所述感性元件和所述动力电池充电;
所述控制器在第二阶段控制所述第二接触器、所述第三接触器和所述第五接触器均闭合,所述第一接触器和所述第六接触器均断开,所述桥臂模块的至少一个下桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块的N个上桥开关管均断开,以使所述感性元件给所述动力电池充电。
可选地,所述充电系统工作在预充模式的情况下,所述控制器控制所述开关组件的开关状态,以使所述桥臂模块和所述感性元件形成预充电路。
可选地,所述充电系统工作在预充模式的情况下,所述控制器控制所述开关组件的开关状态,以使所述桥臂模块和所述感性元件形成预充电路,包括:
所述控制器在第一阶段控制第六接触器、第四接触器和第五接触器均闭合,第一接触器、第二接触器、第三接触器和第七接触器均断开,所述桥臂模块的至少一个下桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块的N个上桥开关管均断开,以使所述直流电源给所述感性元件充电;
所述控制器在第二阶段控制第六接触器、第四接触器和第五接触器均闭合,第一接触器、第二接触器、第三接触器和第七接触器均断开,所述桥臂模块的至少一个上桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块的N个下桥开关管均断开,以使所述直流电源和所述感性元件给预充电容充电。
根据本公开实施例的第二方面,提供一种充电控制方法,所述方法包括:
根据供电装置的输出电压和动力电池的电池电压,从预设充电模式中确定目标充电模式,所述预设充电模式包括:升压充电模式、降压充电模式和直连充电模式中的至少一个;
根据所述目标充电模式,控制所述开关组件和所述储能模块,以通过所述供电装置和/或所述储能模块为所述动力电池充电。
根据本公开实施例的第三方面,提供一种控制器,包括:
存储器,其上存储有计算机程序;
处理器,用于执行所述存储器中的所述计算机程序,以实现本公开实施例第二方面所述方法的步骤。
根据本公开实施例的第四方面,提供一种车辆,所述车辆包括本公开实施例第二方面所述的控制器,或本公开实施例第一方面所述的充电系统。
通过上述技术方案,本公开中的充电系统包括充电电路和控制器,充电电路与控制器连接,充电电路包括:感性元件、桥臂模块和开关组件,充电系统用于为动力电池充电。开关组件的一端适于与供电装置连接,另一端与感性元件的第一端电连接,感性元件的第二端适于通过桥臂模块与动力电池连接。控制器根据目标充电模式,控制开关组件和桥臂模块,以通过供电装置和/或感性元件为动力电池充电,目标充电模式包括:升压充电模式、降压充电模式和直连充电模式中的至少一个。本公开通过复用车辆原有的感性元件和桥臂模块,按照目标充电模式为预充电容进行预充并为动力电池充电,能够在不增加额外的电路结构的情况下兼容不同电压的供电装置。
本公开附加的方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出,部分将从下面的描述中变得明显,或通过本公开的实践了解到。
本公开上述的和/或附加的方面和优点从下面结合附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解,其中:
图1是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种充电系统的框图;
图2是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电系统的框图;
图3是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种充电系统的示意图;
图4是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种充电电流流向的示意图;
图5是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电电流流向的示意图;
图6是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电电流流向的示意图;
图7是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电电流流向的示意图;
图8是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电电流流向的示意图;
图9是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电电流流向的示意图;
图10是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电电流流向的示意图;
图11是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电电流流向的示意图;
图12是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电电流流向的示意图;
图13是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电电流流向的示意图;
图14是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种充电系统的结构示意图;
图15是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电系统的结构示意图;
图16是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电电流流向的示意图;
图17是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电电流流向的示意图;
图18是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电电流流向的示意图;
图19是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电电流流向的示意图;
图20是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电电流流向的示意图;
图21是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电电流流向的示意图;
图22是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电电流流向的示意图;
图23是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电电流流向的示意图;
图24是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电系统的结构示意图;
图25是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电系统的结构示意图;
图26是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种充电电流流向的示意图;
图27是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电电流流向的示意图;
图28是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电电流流向的示意图;
图29是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电电流流向的示意图;
图30是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电电流流向的示意图;
图31是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电电流流向的示意图;
图32是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电电流流向的示意图;
图33是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种充电控制方法的流程图;
图34是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电控制方法的流程图;
图35是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电控制方法的流程图;
图36是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电控制方法的流程图;
图37是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电控制方法的流程图;
图38是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种控制器的框图;
图39是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种车辆的框图;
图40是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种车辆的框图。
下面详细描述本公开的实施例,所述实施例的示例在附图中示出,其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的,旨在用于解释本公开,而不能理解为对本公开的限制。
发明人发现,目前不同车型电动汽车的动力电池电压范围越来越宽,充电需求的功率也参差不齐。由于不同厂家充电桩的输出能力存在差异,导致部分高电压的车型无法在输出电压低的充电桩充电,或者输出电压高的充电桩无法最大功率输出为低电压电动汽车充电。
发明人进一步研究发现,大多数厂家采用的是直接充电,部分厂家会采用升压充电的方案,可以兼容输出电压低的充电桩。但是极少有降压充电功能,对输出电压高的充电桩,高压充电桩输出功率低,无法最大化输出,不能很好的为低电压电动汽车充电。
发明人再经过深入研究,创造性的发现,目前极少数可以兼容升降压充电的系统结构中,不能丝滑无缝的切换升降压,这是因为其结构中电路回路在升压充电与降压充电时,其电流流向是相反的,因此在升压切换降压,或者降压切换升压时,需要有一个能量释放过程,需要将电能释放后,才可以实现切换,这不但造成电能的浪费,同时还导致充电成本上升,充电时间较长,给用户带来糟糕的充电体验感。
相关技术中,需要增加额外的升降压电路来实现升压充电或降压充电,并且通过动力电池对预充电容进行预充,也需要增加额外的预充支路和对应的元器件,导致电路的复杂性高,且增加了生成成本。
本公开通过复用车辆原有的感性元件和桥臂模块,按照目标充电模式为预充电容进行预充并为动力电池充电,能够在不增加额外的电路结构的情况下兼容不同电压的供电装置,并且通过供电装置为预充电容进行预充,无需增加额外的预充支路,简化了电路结构,降低了生产成本。
图1是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种充电系统的框图,如图1所示,该充电系统200包括充电电路201和控制器202,充电电路201与控制器202连接,充电电路201包括:感性元件2011、桥臂模块2012和开关组件2013,充电系统200用于为动力电池300充电。
开关组件2013的一端适于与供电装置400连接,另一端与感性元件2011的第一端连接,感性元件2011的第二端适于通过桥臂模块2012与动力电池300连接。
控制器202用于,根据目标充电模式,控制开关组件2013和桥臂模块2012,以通过供电装置400和/或感性元件2011为动力电池300充电,目标充电模式包括:升压充电模式、降压充电模式和直连充电模式中的至少一个。
示例的,本公开中的供电装置400可以是充电桩,也可以是直流电源,例如蓄电池,本公开对此不作具体限定。本公开可以应用于充电电路201,其中,充电电路201可以包括预充电容、开关组件2013、感性元件2011和桥臂模块2012,预充电容与动力电池300可以并联连接,开关组件2013的一端适于与供电装置400连接,另一端与感性元件2011的第一端电连接,感性元件2011的第二端适于通过桥臂模块2012与动力电池300连接。其中,桥臂模块2012可以是电机控制器202中的三相逆变电路,感性元件2011可以是电机中的电感,从而实现对电机控制器202和电机模块的功能复用,简化了电路构造,降低了生产成本。
在一些实施例中,由于供电装置400的输出电压和动力电池300的电池电压不一定是匹配的,因此在供电装置400与充电电路201连接之后,首先可以根据供电装置400的输出电压和动力电池300的电池电压之间的大小关系,从预设充电模式中确定对应的目标充电模式。其中,预设充电模式可以包括:升压充电模式、降压充电模式和直连充电模式中的至少一个。
在另一些实施例中,在供电装置400的输出电压小于动力电池300的电池电压的情况下,可以将升压充电模式作为目标充电模式;在供电装置400的输出电压大于动力电池300的电池电压,并且输出电压与电池电压之差大于第一预设电压阈值且小于第二预设电压阈值的情况下,可以将直连充电模式作为目标充电模式;在供电装置400的输出电压大于动力电池300的电池电压,且输出电压与电池电压之差大于第二预设电压阈值的情况下,可以将降压充电模式作为目标充电模式。
在另一些实施例中,在目标充电模式为升压充电模式的情况下,可以通过供电装置400和感性元件2011共同为动力电池300充电,从而实现动力电池300的升压充电;在目标充电模式为降压充电模式的情况下,可以通过感性元件2011为动力电池300充电,从而实现动力电池300的降压充电;在目标充电模式为直连充电模式的情况下,可以通过供电装置400为动力电池300充电,从而实现动力电池300的直连充电。
这样,在供电装置400的输出电压小于动力电池300的充电电压时,可以通过升压充电模式对动力电池300进行升压充电;在供电装置400的输出电压大于动力电池300的充电电压时,可以通过降压充电模式对动力电池300进行降压充电,使得供电装置400能够以尽可能大的功率输出,从而降低充电时间;在供电装置400的输出电压满足动力电池300的充电电压时,可以通过直连充电模式为动力电池300进行直连充电,从而能够兼容不同电压的供电装置400,提高了充电的灵活性以及动力电池300与供电装置400的适配性。
在一些实施例中,由于供电装置400的输出电压和动力电池300的电池电压不一定是匹配的,因此在供电装置400与充电电路201连接之后,首先可以根据供电装置400的输出电压和动力电池300的电池电压之间的大小关系,从预设充电模式中确定对应的目标充电模式。其中,预设充电模式可以包括:升压充电模式、降压充电模式和直连充电模式中的至少一个。
在另一些实施例中,在供电装置400的输出电压小于动力电池300的电池电压的情况下,可以将升压充电模式作为目标充电模式;在供电装置400的输出电压大于动力电池300的电池电压,并且输出电压与电池电压之差大于第一预设电压阈值且小于第二预设电压阈值的情况下,可以将直连充电模式作为目标充电模式;在供电装置400的输出电压大于动力电池300的电池电压,且输出电压与电池电压之差大于第二预设电压阈值的情况下,可以将降压充电模式作为目标充电模式。
图2是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电系统的框图,如图2所示,开关组件2013包括第一开关组件2013a和第二开关组件2013b;
动力电池300适于通过第一开关组件2013a和第二开关组件2013b与供电装置400连接,动力电池300还适于通过第一开关组件2013a与桥臂模块2012连接,感性元件2011适于通过第二开关组件2013b连接供电装置400。
图3是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种充电系统的示意图,如图3所示,充电电路201还可以包括预充电容C1,预充电容C1的第一端还与桥臂模块2012的上桥臂连接,预充电容C1的第二端与桥臂模块2012的下桥臂连接,桥臂模块2012的桥臂中点与感性元件2011的第一端连接,感性元件2011的第二端与第二开关组件2013b连接。桥臂模块2012的上桥臂还与第二开关组件2013b连接,桥臂模块2012的下桥臂还与第二开关组件2013b连接。
其中,桥臂中点可以理解为,桥臂模块的上桥臂的开关管与下桥臂的开关管之间的连线所在位置。桥臂模块2012可以是电机控制器中的电路,感性元件2011可以是电机的感性元件2011,从而实现对电机控制器和电机模块的功能复用,简化了电路构造,降低了生产成本。
控制器202用于根据目标充电模式,控制开关组件2013和桥臂模块2012,以通过供电装置400和/或感性元件2011为预充电容C1进行预充。
示例的,不同的充电模式对应充电电路中不同的开关状态,其中,开关状态包括开关组件2013中各种开关的状态和桥臂模块2012中各个开关的状态。在确定目标充电模式之后,可以按照目标充电模式控制开关组件2013中各种开关的状态和桥臂模块2012中各个开关的状态,从而通过供电装置400和/或感性元件2011为预充电容C1进行预充。
在另一些实施例中,在目标充电模式为升压充电模式的情况下,可以通过供电装置400和感性元件2011共同为预充电容C1进行预充,从而实现预充电容C1的升压预充;在目标充电模式为降压充电模式的情况下,可以通过感性元件2011为预充电容C1进行预充,从而实现预充电容C1的降压预充;在目标充电模式为直连充电模式的情况下,可以通过供电装置400为预充电容C1进行预充,从而实现预充电容C1的直连预充。
如图3所示,充电电路201还包括:滤波电容C2。
滤波电容C2的一端与桥臂模块2011连接,滤波电容C2的另一端与感性元件2011连接。
其中,滤波电容C2可以降低供电装置400输出的纹波电压,起到稳压的作用。
如图3所示,以供电装置400为充电桩为例,第一开关组件2013a包括:第一开关K1、第二开关K2、第三开关K3。第二开关组件2013b包括:第四开关K4、第五开关K5和第六开关K6。
第一接触器K1的第一端适于与动力电池300的第一端连接,第一接触器K1的第二端与预充电容C1的第一端连接。
第二接触器K2的第一端适于与动力电池300的第二端连接,第二接触器K2的第二端与预充电容C1的第二端连接。
第三接触器K3的第一端适于与动力电池300的第一端连接,第三接触器K3的第二端与感性元件2011的第二端连接。
第一开关管K4的第一端与桥臂模块2012的上桥臂连接,第一开关管K4的第二端适于与供电装置400的第一端连接。
第二开关管K5的第一端与桥臂模块2012的下桥臂连接,第二开关管K5的第二端适于与供电装置400的第二端连接。
第四接触器K6的第一端与感性元件2011的第二端连接,第四接触器K6的第二端适于与供电装置400的第一端连接。
示例的,第一接触器K1、第二接触器K2、第三接触器K3和第二开关管K5可以是接触器,第一开关管K4和第四接触器K6可以是开关管,从而可以实现对第一开关管K4和第四接触器K6的高频控制。
相关技术中的预充电阻和接触器与第一接触器K1并联,由动力电池经过预充电阻和接触器所在支路为预充电容进行预充。本公开实施例可以用预充电容C1取代相关技术中的预充电容,以简化电路和降低成本,也可以保留相关技术中的预充电容,作为冗余电路设计,提高充电系统的可靠性。
根据本公开的一些实施例,控制器202具体用于:
闭合第二开关管K5,导通第四接触器K6,并断开第一接触器K1、第二接触器K2、第三接触器K3和第一开关管K4。
周期性地控制桥臂模块2012的上桥臂的开关管和下桥臂的开关管交替导通,以按照升压充电模式为预充电容C1进行升压预充。
示例的,在目标充电模式为升压充电模式的情况下,如图4所示,在步骤一中,可以闭合第二开关管K5,导通第四接触器K6和桥臂模块2012的下桥臂的开关管,并断开第一接触器K1、第二接触器K2、第三接触器K3、第一开关管K4和桥臂模块2012的上桥臂的开关管,以通过供电装置400为感性元件2011充电。如图5所示,在步骤二中,可以保持第二开关管K5闭合,第四接触器K6导通,以及第一接触器K1、第二接触器K2、第三接触器K3和第一开关管K4断开,并断开桥臂模块2012的下桥臂的开关管,导通桥臂模块2012的上桥臂的开关管,以利用感性元件2011的续流作用,通过供电装置400和感性元件2011同时为预充电容C1进行充电,从而实现预充电容C1的升压预充。
在一些实施例中,可以周期性地重复执行步骤一和步骤二,即保持第二开关管K5闭合,第四接触器K6导通,以及第一接触器K1、第二接触器K2、第三接触器K3和第一开关管K4断开,并周期性地控制桥臂模块2012的上桥臂的开关管和下桥臂的开关管交替导通,以按照升压充电模式持续为预充电容C1进行升压预充。
根据本公开的另一些实施例,控制器202具体用于:
闭合第一接触器K1、第二接触器K2、第二开关管K5和第四接触器K6,并断开第三接触器K3和第一开关管K4。
周期性地控制桥臂模块2012的上桥和下桥交替导通,以按照升压充电模式为动力电池300进行升压充电。
示例的,在目标充电模式为升压充电模式的情况下,如图4所示,在步骤一中,可以闭合第一接触器K1、第二接触器K2和第二开关管K5,导通第四接触器K6和桥臂模块2012的下桥臂的开关管,并断开第三接触器K3、第一开关管K4和桥臂模块2012的上桥臂的开关管,以通过供电装置400为感性元件2011充电。如图6所示,在步骤二中,可以保持第一接触器K1、第二接触器K2、第二开关管K5闭合和第四接触器K6导通,以及第三接触器K3和第一开关管K4断开,并断开桥臂模块2012的下桥臂的开关管,导通桥臂模块2012的上桥臂的开关管,以利用感性元件2011的续流作用,通过供电装置400和感性元件2011同时为动力电池300进行充电,从而实现动力电池300的升压充电。
在一些实施例中,可以周期性地重复执行步骤一和步骤二,即保持第一接触器K1、第二接触器K2、第二开关管K5闭合和第四接触器K6导通,以及第三接触器K3和第一开关管K4断开,并周期性地控制桥臂模块2012的上桥臂的开关管和下桥臂的开关管交替导通,以按照升压充电模式持续为动力电池300进行升压充电。
根据本公开的另一些实施例,控制器202具体用于:
闭合第二开关管K5,导通桥臂模块2012的上桥臂的开关管,并断开第一接触器K1、第二接触器K2、第三接触器K3、第一开关管K4和桥臂模块2012的下桥臂的开关管。
周期性地导通第四接触器K6,以按照降压充电模式为预充电容C1进行降压预充。
示例的,在目标充电模式为降压充电模式的情况下,如图7所示,在步骤一中,闭合第二开关管K5和第四接触器K6,导通桥臂模块2012的上桥臂的开关管,并断开第一接触器K1、第二接触器K2、第三接触器K3、第一开关管K4和桥臂模块2012的下桥臂的开关管,以通过供电装置400为感性元件2011和预充电容C1串联充电。如图4所示,步骤一还可以为:闭合第二开关管K5和第四接触器K6,导通桥臂模块2012的下桥臂的开关管,并断开第一接触器K1、第二接触器K2、第三接触器K3、第一开关管K4和桥臂模块2012的上桥臂的开关管,以通过供电装置400为感性元件2011充电。如图8所示,在步骤二中,可以保持第二开关管K5闭合,桥臂模块2012的上桥臂的开关管导通,以及第一接触器K1、第二接触器K2、第三接触器K3、第一开关管K4和桥臂模块2012的下桥臂的开关管断开,并断开第四接触器K6,以利用感性元件2011的续流作用,通过感性元件2011为预充电容C1进行充电,从而实现预充电容C1的降压预充。
在一些实施例中,可以周期性地重复执行步骤一和步骤二,以步骤一为图7所示的电路为例,可以保持第二开关管K5闭合,桥臂模块2012的上桥臂的开关管导通,以及第一接触器K1、第二接触器K2、第三接触器K3、第一开关管K4和桥臂模块2012的下桥臂的开关管断开,并周期性地导通第四接触器K6,以按照降压充电模式持续为预充电容C1进行降压预充。
根据本公开的另一些实施例,控制器202具体用于:
闭合第二接触器K2、第三接触器K3、第一开关管K4和第二开关管K5,并断开第一接触器K1和第四接触器K6。
周期性地控制桥臂模块2012的上桥臂的开关管和下桥臂的开关管交替导通,以按照降压充电模式为动力电池300进行降压充电。
示例的,在目标充电模式为降压充电模式的情况下,如图9所示,在步骤一中,可以闭合第二接触器K2、第三接触器K3、第一开关管K4和第二开关管K5,导通桥臂模块2012的上桥臂的开关管,并断开第一接触器K1和第四接触器K6和桥臂模块2012的下桥臂的开关管,以通过供电装置400为感性元件2011和动力电池300进行串联充电。如图10所示,步骤一还可以为:闭合第一开关管K4和第二开关管K5,导通桥臂模块2012的上桥臂的开关管,并断开第一接触器K1、第二接触器K2、第三接触器K3、第四接触器K6和桥臂模块2012的下桥臂的开关管,以通过供电装置400为感性元件2011充电。如图11所示,在步骤二中,可以保持第二接触器K2、第三接触器K3、第一开关管K4和第二开关管K5闭合,以及第一接触器K1和第四接触器K6断开,并断开桥臂模块2012的上桥臂的开关管,导通桥臂模块2012的下桥臂的开关管,以利用感性元件2011的续流作用,通过感性元件2011为动力电池300进行充电,从而实现动力电池300的降压充电。
在一些实施例中,可以周期性地重复执行步骤一和步骤二,以步骤一为图9所示的电路为例,可以保持第二接触器K2、第三接触器K3、第一开关管K4和第二开关管K5闭合,以及第一接触器K1和第四接触器K6断开,并周期性地控制桥臂模块2012的上桥臂的开关管和下桥臂的开关管交替导通,以按照降压充电模式持续为动力电池300进行降压充电。
根据本公开的另一些实施例,控制器202具体用于:
闭合第二开关管K5,并断开第一接触器K1、第二接触器K2、第三接触器K3、第四接触器K6以及桥臂模块2012的上桥臂的开关管和下桥臂的开关管。
周期性地导通第一开关管K4,以按照直连充电模式为预充电容C1进行直连预充。
示例的,在目标充电模式为直连充电模式的情况下,如图12所示,在步骤一中,可以闭合第二开关管K5,并断开第一接触器K1、第二接触器K2、第三接触器K3、第一开关管K4、第四接触器K6以及桥臂模块2012的上桥臂的开关管和下桥臂的开关管。在步骤二中,可以保持第二开关管K5闭合,以及第一接触器K1、第二接触器K2、第三接触器K3、第四接触器K6以及桥臂模块2012的上桥臂的开关管和下桥臂的开关管断开,并导通第一开关管K4。
在一些实施例中,可以周期性地重复执行步骤一和步骤二,即保持第二开关管K5闭合,以及第一接触器K1、第二接触器K2、第三接触器K3、第四接触器K6以及桥臂模块2012的上桥臂的开关管和下桥臂的开关管断开,并周期性地导通第一开关管K4,其中,预设电压区间可以是一个较小的电压区间,输出电压在预设电压区间内浮动可以认为输出电压是稳定的,从而按照直连充电模式为预充电容C1进行直连预充,以避免供电装置400输出的电流过大而损坏预充电容C1。
根据本公开的另一些实施例,控制器202具体用于:
闭合第一接触器K1、第二接触器K2和第二开关管K5,并断开第三接触器K3、第四接触器K6以及桥臂模块2012的上桥臂的开关管和下桥臂的开关管。
周期性地导通第一开关管K4,并在供电装置的输出电压保持在预设电压区间之后,保持第一开关管K4导通,以按照直连充电模式为动力电池300进行直连充电。
示例的,在目标充电模式为直连充电模式的情况下,如图13所示,在步骤一中,可以闭合第一接触器K1、第二接触器K2和第二开关管K5,并断开第三接触器K3、第一开关管K4、第四接触器K6以及桥臂模块2012的上桥臂的开关管和下桥臂的开关管。在步骤二中,可以保持第一接触器K1、第二接触器K2和第二开关管K5闭合,以及第三接触器K3、第四接触器K6以及桥臂模块2012的上桥臂的开关管和下桥臂的开关管断开,并导通第一开关管K4。
在一些实施例中,可以周期性地重复执行步骤一和步骤二,即保持第一接触器K1、第二接触器K2和第二开关管K5闭合,以及第三接触器K3、第四接触器K6以及桥臂模块2012的上桥臂的开关管和下桥臂的开关管断开,并周期性地导通第一开关管K4,直到供电装置400的输出电压稳定在预设电压区间之后,控制第一开关管K4持续导通,从而按照直连充电模式为动力电池300进行直连充电,并且能够避免供电装置400输出的电流过大而损坏动力电池300。
参照图14,示出了本发明实施例一种充电系统的电路结构示意图。开关管的一端适于与充电口电连接,另一端与感性元件的第一端电连接。需要说明的是,该充电口是与直流充电桩连接的直流充电口。由于目前电动汽车支持直流充电,一般情况下直流充电是利用充电桩实现。本发明实施例中的充电口接收的电能均是指直流形式的电能。
感性元件和桥臂模块可以为电动汽车的已有结构,例如感性元件可以为电机绕组,桥臂模块可以为电机的控制回路。目前电动汽车常规的电机一般有驱动电机和制冷系统电机(一般为空调电机),无论哪类电机,其电机控制回路的结构基本相同,都是由金属-氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor,MOS)或者绝缘栅双极晶体管(Insulated gate bipolar transistor,IGBT)构成。因此复用任何一个电机及其控制回路均可。
在实际的充电过程中,如果需要升压充电时(即充电口接收电能的电压低于动力电池的电压时),即充电系统工作在升压充电模式的情况,控制开关管断开,利用感性元件和桥臂模块形成升压充电回路,将充电口接收到的电能的电压升高后为动力电池充电。
而如果需要降压充电时(即充电口接收电能的电压高于动力电池的电压时),即充电系统工作在降压充电模式的情况,控制开关管先的工作状态,利用感性元件和桥臂模块形成降压充电回路,将充电口接收到的电压降低后为动力电池充电。
自然可以理解的是,如果是直连充电(即充电口接收电能的电压等于动力电池的电压时),即充电系统工作在直连充电模式的情况,则不需要升压或者降压充电,控制第一开关管闭合、第二开关管断开,充电口接收到的电能,通过感性元件和桥臂模块传输至动力电池,为动力电池直连充电。
需要说明的是,一般情况下,动力电池还需要配置一个正极开关和一个负极开关,本发明实施例中将其简称为第一接触器和第二接触器。该开关一般由接触器上的常开触点实现,而不是由开关管实现。在为动力电池充电时,该第一接触器和第二接触器需要闭合。在为预充电容进行预充时,该第一接触器和第二接触器需要断开。
基于上述电路结构,较优的开关管结构包括:第一开关管和第二开关管。第一开关管的第一端适于与充电口的第一端(即正极端)电连接;第一开关管的第二端与感性元件的第一端电连接;第二开关管的第一端与感性元件的第一端电连接;第二开关管的第二端适于与充电口的第二端(即负极端)电连接。
基于上述开关管结构,还有另一种连接关系:第一开关管的第二端与第二开关管的第一端电连接,且电连接处与感性元件的第一端电连接。这两种连接方式均可。
考虑到充电口接收到的电能可能存在纹波,影响充电效率和质量,因此充电系统还包括:滤波电容;该滤波电容一端与感性元件的第一端电连接,另一端与桥臂模块的负极端电连接;该滤波电容用于对充电口接收到的电能进行滤波。从而祛除电能可能存在纹波,提高充电效率和质量。
此外,由于在行车时或类似工况时,是由动力电池放电,考虑到虽然这类工况时开关管是断开的,动力电池产生的电能不会传输至充电口,导致充电口带电,若在不知情的情况下,人员误接触充电口或相应位置会导致触电风险。但为了进一步提高安全性,从硬件上避免因控制信号错误可能导致开关管闭合或者开关管损坏时无法断开的情况,因此充电系统还包括:第一接触器或者第二接触器。
第一接触器的一端与开关管的第二端电连接,另一端与感性元件的第一端电连接;第一接触器用于控制开关管的第二端与感性元件的第一端之间回路的通断。利用第一接触器以硬件的方式,区分行车和充电工况。在行车时或类似工况时,断开第一接触器,避免动力电池放电时充电口带电,这样即使人员不知情误接触充电口或相应位置,也不会导致触电风险。而在充电时闭合第一接触器,由于充电枪已经插合在充电口,所以不存在上述触电风险。
假若仅有第二接触器,则第二接触器的一端与桥臂模块的负极端电连接,另一端适于与充电口的第二端电连接,第二接触器用于控制充电口与桥臂模块的负极端之间回路的通断。通过这样的方式,由于动力电池至充电口的负极这条回路可以被第二接触器断开,因此也避免了动力电池放电时充电口带电的问题。当然,更优的方式是第一接触器和第二接触器均设置在电路中,这样双重的保证安全,在其中一个接触器损坏的情况下,依然可以保证动力电池放电时充电口不带电。
此外,如果有滤波电容的存在,则第二接触器的一端与桥臂模块的负极端、滤波电容分别电连接,另一端与充电口的负极端电连接。
对于两个开关管,较优的是第一开关管包括:第一场效应管;第二开关管包括:第二场效应管。第一场效应管的第一端适于与充电口的正极端电连接,第三端接收第一控制信号,第二端与感性元件的第一端电连接;第二场效应管的第一端与感性元件的第一端电连接,第三端适于接收第二控制信号,第二端与充电口的第二端、动力电池的负极端分别电连接。
自然可以理解的是,如果第一场效应管的第二端与第二场效应管的第一端电连接,则两者的电连接处与感性元件的第一端电连接。
感性元件包括:N相绕组;桥臂模块包括:并联的N个桥臂。为了更好的说明感性元件和桥臂模块的结构及其工作过程,下文以电机的绕组作为感性元件、以电机控制回路作为桥臂模块为例进行说明。
一般电机的绕组包括:三相绕组;电机控制回路包括:第一桥臂、第二桥臂、第三桥臂;三相绕组各自的第一端短接后与两个场效应晶体管的电连接处连接;三相绕组中第一绕组的第二端与第一桥臂的中点电连接,第二绕组的第二端与第二桥臂的中点电连接,第三绕组的第二端与第三桥臂的中点电连接。
为了更清楚的解释和说明上述充电系统的电路结构,参照图15所示的一种较优的充电系统的电路结构示意图。图15中以具体结构的场效应晶体管、三相绕组、三个桥臂以及包含预充电容C1、滤波电容C2为例进行示出。其包括:动力电池的第一接触器K1、第二接触器K2、第四接触器K6、第一开关管K4、第二开关管K5、第五接触器K7、充电口J、动力电池300、三相绕组和三个桥臂WBA。
在直连充电时,第一开关管K4闭合、第一接触器K1和第二接触器K2闭合、第二开关管K5断开、第四接触器K6、第五接触器K7闭合,且控制第一桥臂、第二桥臂、第三桥臂各自的下桥关闭、至少一个桥臂的上桥导通,则充电口J接收到的电能,通过三相绕组和第一桥臂、第二桥臂或者第三桥臂的上桥输至动力电池,为动力电池直连充电。具体充电时的电流方向可以参照图16所示。直连充电时,由于三相绕组一直带电,而其在电特性上可以视作是三相电感,由于电感一直带电情况下可以视为导线,因此可以实现直连充电。需要说明的是,在任意模式的充电过程中,或者是预充电容的预充过程中,无论是桥臂的上桥导通还是下桥导通,均可以导通1个桥臂即可,当然也可以导通2个桥臂或者3个桥臂均导通,区别在于性能有差异,例如功率、纹波等有差异。例如:3个桥臂均导通,其功率相较于2个桥臂、1个桥臂导通都高,效率更高。当然,3个桥臂同时导通,相较于3个桥臂交替导通,纹波更大。这些均是本领域技术人员根据电机及其控制回路结构可以知晓的,不再一一赘述。
而在充电口接收的电能的电压低于动力电池的电压时,例如:动力电池的电压为600V,而充电桩仅能提供500V,因此需要升压充电。升压充电时,第四接触器K6、第五接触器K7闭合,控制第一开关管K4闭合、第二开关管K5断开,且闭合动力电池的第一接触器K1和第二接触器K2,控制第一桥臂、第二桥臂、第三桥臂各自的上桥关闭、至少一个桥臂的下桥导通第一预设时间,则充电口接收到的电能为三相绕组充电。此种情况下具体充电时的电流方向可以参照图17所示。
在导通第一预设时间后再控制第一桥臂、第二桥臂、第三桥臂各自的下桥关闭、至少一个桥臂的上桥导通(与前面为三相绕组充电时桥臂的开关状况相反),则充电口J接收到的电能与三相绕组续流共同作用将其电压升高后为动力电池充电,这样就实现了升压充电。此种情况下具体充电时的电流方向可以参照图18所示。这两个过程反复进行,也即图17、图18所示的两个电流充电过程反复进行直至充电结束,例如:直至动力电池充满。
而在充电口接收的电能的电压高于动力电池的电压时,例如:动力电池的电压为300V,而充电桩能提供800V,因此需要降压充电。降压充电时,第四接触器K6、第五接触器K7闭合,直接闭合第一接触器K1和第二接触器K2,第一阶段控制第一开关管K4闭合一段时长,第二开关管K5断开一段时长,控制第一桥臂、第二桥臂、第三桥臂各自的下桥关闭、至少一个桥臂的上桥导通,则充电口J接收到的电能为三相绕组和动力电池同时充电。由于三相绕组在电特性上可以视为电感,而电感在充电一段时间内(非一直带电的情况),其具有阻碍电流的作用,因此可以视为其具有较高的电阻值,这样的话实际上就是与动力电池分压共同接收电能,所以动力电池接收到的电压就会变低,即实现了动力电池降压充电。此种情况下具体充电时的电流方向可以参照图19所示。由于充电桩输出电压高于动力电池电压,因此其输出功率相较于以动力电池电压输出时要高,提升了充电桩输出功率,很好的为低电压电动汽车充电,达到充电桩功率最大化利用,使充电桩尽可能大的功率输出,缩短充电时间。
第一开关管K4闭合一段时长、第二开关管K5先断开一段时长后,第二阶段再控制第一开关管K4断开一段时长、第二开关管K5闭合一段时长,这前后两段时长可能相同也可能不同,具体的时长由动力电池的实际电压确定。一开始充电时,实际电压较低,而随着充电过程的进行,实际电压会越来越高,因此对应的闭合或者断开的时长也相应变短,具体的时长可以根据动力电池的实际电压来确定。
第一开关管K4先闭合一段时长、第二开关管K5先断开一段时长后,第二阶段再控制第一开关管K4断开,第二开关管K5闭合,再控制第一桥臂、第二桥臂、第三桥臂各自的下桥关闭、至少一个桥臂的上桥导通(与前面为三相绕组和动力电池同时充电时桥臂的开关状况相同),则三相绕组续流继续为动力电池降压充电,而充电口接收的电能在该段时间内不再为三相绕组和动力电池供电。此种情况下具体充电时的电流方向可以参照图20所示。这两个过程反复进行,也即图19、图20所示的两个电流充电过程反复进行直至充电结束。
通过上述说明,结合图17、图18、图19、图20的电流方向可知,本发明所提充电系统,无论是升压充电还是降压充电,其电流方向始终一致,而不会出现相反的情况。例如:目前的电动汽车充电时,可能会向充电桩发送自身的实时电压200V,而动力电池满充时的电压为1000V,充电桩所能提供的最大充电电压为750V。那么开始时充电系统以降压充电的方式对动力电池进行充电,充电桩可最大化输出,输出功率高;当动力电池被充电到750V后,充电系统无需电能释放,直接丝滑无缝的切换到升压充电方式继续对动力电池进行充电,直至动力电池满充到1000V。
因此无论是升压切换降压,或者降压切换升压,充电系统均不需要能量释放过程,不需要将电能释放后,才可以实现切换,不会造成电能的浪费,降低了充电成本,缩短了充电时长,给用户带来了较好的充电体验感。
对于预充电容C1,一般情况下动力电池充电前,首先需要对预充电容C1进行预充,使得预充电容C1的电压达到或者接近动力电池的实时电压。预充电容C1的电流时序,与升压和降压充电类似。
在需要升压预充时,即充电系统工作在升压预充模式的情况,第四接触器K6、第五接触器K7闭合,控制第一开关管K4闭合、第二开关管K5断开,且断开动力电池的第一接触器K1和第二接触器K2,控制第一桥臂、第二桥臂、第三桥臂各自的上桥关闭、至少一个桥臂的下桥导通第二预设时间,则充电口J接收到的电能或者车内电源(例如蓄电池经DC-DC变换后的高压侧)提供的电能为三相绕组充电。此种情况下具体充电时的电流方向可以参照图17所示,唯一不同的是对预充电容C1进行升压预充时,第一接触器K1和第二接触器K2是断开的,而不是闭合的。
导通第二预设时间后,控制第一桥臂、第二桥臂、第三桥臂各自的下桥关闭、至少一个桥臂的上桥导通,则充电口J接收到的电能或者车内电源提供的电能与三相绕组续流共同作用将电压升高后为预充电容C1充电,该过程反复进行直至预充电容C1的电压与动力电池当前实时电压相差在预设范围内为止。此种情况下具体充电时的电流方向可以参照图21所示。
在需要降压预充时,即充电系统工作在降压预充模式的情况,第四接触器K6、第五接触器K7闭合,断开第一接触器K1和第二接触器K2,第一阶段控制第一开关管K4闭合一段时长,第二开关管K5先断开一段时长,控制第一桥臂、第二桥臂、第三桥臂各自的下桥关闭、至少一个桥臂的上桥导通,则充电口J接收到的电能或者车内电源提供的电能为三相绕组、预充电容C1同时充电,即为预充电容C1降压充电。此种情况下具体充电时的电流方向可以参照图22所示。
控制第一开关管K4先闭合一段时长、第二开关管K5先断开一段时长后,第二阶段控制第一开关管K4断开一段时长、第二开关管K5闭合一段时长,此处情况与前述降压充电时情况相同,这前后两段时长可能相同也可能不同,具体的时长也是根据动力电池的实际电压确定。在此期间控制第一桥臂、第二桥臂、第三桥臂各自的下桥关闭、至少一个桥臂的上桥导通,则三相绕组续流继续为预充电容C1降压充电,该过程反复进行直至预充电容C1的电压与动力电池300当前实时电压相差在预设范围内为止。此种情况下具体充电时的电流方向可以参照图23所示。
在直连预充时,即充电系统工作在直连预充模式的情况,第四接触器K6、第五接触器K7闭合,控制第一开关管K4闭合、第二开关管K5断开、第一接触器K1和第二接触器K2断开,且控制第一桥臂、第二桥臂、第三桥臂各自的下桥关闭、至少一个桥臂的上桥导通,则充电口J接收到的电能或者车内电源提供的电能,通过三相绕组和至少一个桥臂的的上桥输至预充电容C1,为预充电容C1直连充电直至预充电容的电压与动力电池300当前实时电压相差在预设范围内为止。
上述方式实现了对预充电容C1的预充。并且在充电口J没有接收到电能或者充电口J故障无法将电能传输的情况下,还可以借助车内电源提供的电能实现预充电容C1的预充,这样可以使得后续动力电池300放电时,先实现预充电容C1的预充,再对外放电,不会造成动力电池300放电故障。
通过上述实施例,本发明的充电系统中,仅增加了开关管,而不再需要直流快充升压或者降压模块,实现了升降压充电功能。即,实现了在需要升压充电时,利用感性元件和桥臂模块形成升压充电回路,将充电口接收到的电压升高后为动力电池充电,解决了低压充电桩升压给电动汽车充电的问题;同时实现了在需要降压充电时,利用感性元件和桥臂模块形成降压充电回路,将充电口接收到的电压降低后为动力电池充电,解决了高压充电桩输出功率低,不能很好的为低电压电动汽车充电,无法达到充电桩功率最大化利用的问题,使充电桩尽可能大的功率输出,降低充电时间。通过上述这样的升压和降压的方式,提高了电动汽车充电的兼容性和便利性。
并且在充电过程中,所有电路回路均有感性元件和开关管的参与,可以有效的避免车辆在充电时与充电桩之间发生的短路风险。除了电感参与外,还可以结合动力电池的预充电路,进一步防止车辆与充电桩的短路风险。
第一接触器或第二接触器在升压和降压充电时均属于闭合状态,区分了行车和充电工况。在行车时或类似工况时,断开第一接触器或第二接触器,避免动力电池放电时充电口带电,从而避免了人员在不知情情况下误接触充电口或相应位置,避免了触电风险。
整个充电系统中复用了原本的结构,额外增加元器件极少,因此整体结构使用元器件较少,电路线路简洁,减少了空间占用率的同时,还降低了电动汽车的成本,并且因控制逻辑较为简单,也间接减小了整车的EMC设计难度。
请参阅图24,图24是本申请实施例提供的一种充电系统200的结构示意图。如图24所示,该充电系统200包括开关组件2013、桥臂模块2012、感性元件2011和控制器202,该充电系统200用于为动力电池300充电;
所述桥臂模块2012的第一端适于与所述动力电池300的正极连接,所述桥臂模块2012的第二端适于与所述动力电池300的负极连接,所述感性元件2011的第一端适于通过所述开关组件2013与直流电源连接,所述桥臂模块2012的桥臂中点连接所述感性元件2011的第二端;所述桥臂模块2012的第二端适于与直流电源连接;
所述充电系统200工作在升压模式的情况下,所述控制器202控制所述开关组件2013的开关状态,以使所述桥臂模块2012和所述感性元件2011形成升压电路;
所述充电系统200工作在降压模式的情况下,所述控制器202控制所述开关组件2013的开关状态,以使所述桥臂模块2012和所述感性元件2011形成降压电路。
本申请实施例中的动力电池300可以是电动设备上的动力电池。本申请实施例中的充电系统200是为动力电池300充电的装置。该电动设备可以是使用电能驱动的设备。比如,该电动设备可以包括车辆、飞行器、船舶、储能柜中的任一种。
开关组件2013可以包括至少一个接触器。
桥臂模块2012可以包括至少一个桥臂中点。桥臂模块2012可以包括至少一个桥臂单元,每个桥臂单元有一个桥臂中点。每个桥臂单元可以包括两个开关管,两个开关管的连接点为该桥臂单元的桥臂中点。
感性元件2011,可以包括至少一个电感。电感的一端通过开关组件2013与直流电源连通,电感的另一端与桥臂模块2012的一个桥臂中点连接,至少一个电感中每个电感连接的桥臂中点不相同。
桥臂模块2012中的桥臂单元的数量可以根据需要进行设计。
在一个可能的实施例中,桥臂模块2012可以复用电机控制器中的桥臂模块,感性元件2011可以复用电机中的电感。
可选的,如图24所示,所述开关组件2013包括第一接触器K1和第二接触器K2,所述动力电池300的正极适于连接所述第一接触器K1的第一端,所述第一接触器K1的第二端连接所述桥臂模块2012的第一端,所述动力电池300的负极适于连接所述第二接触器K2的第一端,所述第二接触器K2的第二端连接所述桥臂模块2012的第二端。
本申请实施例中,桥臂模块2012与动力电池300通过第一接触器K1和第二接触器K2连接。
可选的,如图24所示,所述开关组件2013还包括:第三接触器K3、第六接触器K8、第七接触器K9,所述第一接触器K1的第一端连接所述第三接触器K3的第一端,所述第一接触器K1的第二端连接所述第七接触器K9的第一端,所述第七接触器K9的第二端适于连接直流电源的正极和所述第六接触器K8的第一端,所述第三接触器K3的第二端连接所述第六接触器K8的第二端,所述第六接触器K8的第二端适于与所述感性元件2011的第一端连接,所述直流电源的负极适于与所述桥臂模块2012的第二端连接。
可选的,所述充电系统200还包括预充电容C1,所述第一接触器K1的第二端连接所述预充电容C1的第一端,所述第二接触器K2的第二端连接所述预充电容C1的第二端。
预充电容C1可以是预充电容,直流电源在为动力电池300充电之前,可以预先为该预充电容C1充电,从而避免出现动力电池300在充电过程中由于预充电容C1未充满电而产生的大电流。预充电容C1可以用于稳定动力电池300两端的电压。可以在直流电源向动力电池300充电时,减少升压或降压过程中产生的纹波。
可选的,所述桥臂模块2012包括并联的N个桥臂单元,每个桥臂单元包括串联的上桥开关管和下桥开关管;所述感性元件2011包括N个电感;所述N个电感的第一端与所述第六接触器K8的第二端连通,所述N个电感的第二端与所述N个桥臂单元的桥臂中点一一对应连接,每个桥臂单元的桥臂中点为所述每个桥臂单元的上桥开关管和下桥开关管的连接点,N为大于或等于1的整数。
上桥开关管的第一端与第一接触器K1的第二端连接,上桥开关管的第二端与对应的下桥开关管的第一端连接,下桥开关管的第二端与第二接触器K2的第二端连接。上桥开关管的第二端与对应的下桥开关管的第一端的连接点为桥臂中点。
上桥开关管、下桥开关管可以是绝缘栅双极晶体管(Insulate-Gate Bipolar Transistor,IGBT)、金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor,MOSFET)中的任一种。
图24中,以N=3为例进行说明。
控制器202,可以用于控制第一接触器K1、第二接触器K2、第三接触器K3、第六接触器K8、第七接触器K9的闭合或断开,以及控制桥臂模块2012中的开关管的状态,从而控制充电系统200工作在升压模式、降压模式或直连充电模式。
其中,直流电源是提供直流电的装置。比如,直流电源可以是直流充电桩。
可选的,所述直流电源包括:直流充电桩或DC/DC等。
本申请实施例中,直流转直流(Direct current/Direct current converter,DC/DC)可以将一种电压的直流电转换为另一种电压的直流电。比如,DC/DC将高压直流电转换为低压直流电时,DC/DC可以是DC/DC的输入端。示例性的,DC/DC的输入端可以连接动力电池300。
可选的,基于图24的充电系统200,所述控制器202控制所述开关组件2013的开关状态,以使所述桥臂模块2012和所述感性元件2011形成升压电路,包括:
所述控制器202在第一阶段控制所述第六接触器K8闭合,所述第三接触器K3和所述第七接触器K9均断开,所述桥臂模块2012的至少一个下桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块2012的N个上桥开关管均断开,以使所述直流电源给所述感性元件2011充电;
所述控制器202在第二阶段控制所述第一接触器K1、所述第二接触器K2、所述第六接触器K8闭合,所述第三接触器K3和所述第七接触器K9均断开,所述桥臂模块2012的至少一个上桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块2012的N个下桥开关管均断开,以使所述直流电源和所述感性元件2011给所述动力电池300充电。其中,所述动力电池300的充电电压等于所述直流电源的电压和所述感性元件2011的电压之和。
本申请实施例中,在第一阶段和第二阶段,第一接触器K1、所述第二接触器K2可以闭合,也可以断开,本申请实施例不做限定。所述充电系统200工作在升压模式的情况下,在第一阶段,控制器202可以控制所述第六接触器K8闭合,所述第三接触器K3和所述第七接触器K9均断开,所述桥臂模块2012的至少一个下桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块2012的N个上桥开关管均断开,此时,直流电源向与该至少一个下桥开关管串联的电感进行充电,以使电感的两端的电压上升。在第二阶段,控制器202可以控制所述第一接触器K1、所述第二接触器K2、所述第六接触器K8闭合,所述第三接触器K3和所述第七接触器K9均断开,所述桥臂模块2012的至少一个上桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块2012的N个下桥开关管均断开,此时,由于该至少一个上桥开关管串联的电感(该至少一个上桥开关管串联的电感,即该至少一个下桥开关管串联的电感)的续流作用,直流电源和该至少一个上桥开关管串联的电感共同向动力电池300充电。由于动力电池300两端的电压等于直流电源的电压和该至少一个上桥开关管串联的电感的电压之和,从而实现直流电源升压后向动力电池300充电。本申请实施例中,在升压模式下,直流电源不是直接向动力电池300充电,直流电源通过电感向动力电池300充电,不会突然出现较大的充电电流。即使第一接触器K1、第二接触器K2、第六接触器K8或充电桩充电正负接触器中的某个接触器发生了烧结,也不会有短路风险,从而提高升压充电的安全性。
其中,第一阶段和第二阶段交替进行,从而实现直流电源升压后向动力电池300充电。每个接触器可以周期性的关断和闭合,每个周期都可以包括第一阶段和第二阶段。第一阶段和第二阶段的持续时长可以不同,可以通过电感的参数、直流电源的输出电压和动力电池300的电压设计该第一阶段和第二阶段的持续时长。
需要说明的是,第一阶段对该至少一个下桥开关管串联的电感进行充电时,该电感不能处于饱和状态。电感处于饱和状态,电感两端的电压不会上升,无法起到升压的效果。
可选的,基于图24的充电系统200,所述控制器202控制所述开关组件2013的开关状态,以使所述桥臂模块2012和所述感性元件2011形成降压电路,包括:
所述控制器202在第一阶段控制所述第二接触器K2、所述第三接触器K3和所述第七接触器K9均闭合,所述第一接触器K1和所述第六接触器K8均断开,所述桥臂模块2012的至少一个上桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块2012的N个下桥开关管均断开,以使所述直流电源给所述感性元件2011和所述动力电池300充电;
所述控制器202在第二阶段控制所述第二接触器K2和所述第三接触器K3均闭合,所述第一接触器K1和所述第六接触器K8均断开,所述桥臂模块2012的至少一个下桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块2012的N个上桥开关管均断开,以使所述感性元件2011给所述动力电池300充电。
本申请实施例中,所述充电系统200工作在降压模式的情况下,在第一阶段,控制器202可以控制所述第二接触器K2、所述第三接触器K3和所述第七接触器K9均闭合,所述第一接触器K1和所述第六接触器K8均断开,所述桥臂模块2012的至少一个上桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块2012的N个下桥开关管均断开,此时,直流电源向与该至少一个上桥开关管串联的电感和动力电池300进行充电,此时直流电源的输出电压在该至少一个上桥开关管串联的电感和动力电池300上分压,动力电池300上的电压小于直流电源的输出电压,从而实现降压充电。在第二阶段,控制器202可以控制第二接触器K2、所述第三接触器K3和所述第七接触器K9均闭合,所述第一接触器K1和所述第六接触器K8均断开,所述桥臂模块2012的至少一个下桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块2012的N个上桥开关管均断开,此时,由于该至少一个下桥开关管串联的电感(该至少一个下桥开关管串联的电感,即该至少一个上桥开关管串联的电感)的续流作用,该至少一个下桥开关管串联的电感向动力电池300充电,从而实现直流电源降压后向动力电池300充电。本申请实施例中,在降压模式下,直流电源不是直接向动力电池300充电,直流电源通过电感向动力电池300充电,不会突然出现较大的充电电流。即使第二接触器K2、第三接触器K3、第七接触器K9或充电桩充电正负接触器中的某个接触器发生了烧结,也不会有短路风险,从而提高降压充电的安全性。在降压模式下,直流电源可以以大于动力电池300的电压进行输出,使直流电源尽可能大的功率输出,从而提高动力电池300的充电电流,进而降低动力电池300的充电时间。
其中,第一阶段和第二阶段交替进行,从而实现直流电源降压后向动力电池300充电。每个接触器可以周期性的关断和闭合,每个周期都可以包括第一阶段和第二阶段。第一阶段和第二阶段的持续时长可以不同,可以通过电感的参数、直流电源的输出电压和动力电池300的电压设计该第一阶段和第二阶段的持续时长。
需要说明的是,第一阶段对该至少一个上桥开关管串联的电感进行充电时,该电感不能处于饱和状态。电感处于饱和状态,电感两端的电压不会上升,无法起到降压的效果。
可选的,所述充电系统200工作在直连充电模式的情况下,所述控制器202控制所述开关组件2013的开关状态,以使所述直流电源向所述动力电池300充电。
本申请实施例中,在直流电源的电压与动力电池300的电压接近的情况下,可以让充电系统200工作在直连充电模式。示例性的,在直流电源的输出电压大于动力电池300的电压,并且直流电源的输出电压与动力电池300的电压的差值小于设定阈值(比如,20V),则可以让充电系统200工作在直连充电模式。
在为动力电池300充电之前,可以让充电系统200工作在预充模式,先给预充电容C1(预充电容)充电。从而避免出现动力电池300在充电过程中由于预充电容C1未充满电而产生的大电流。
可选的,基于图24的充电系统200,所述控制器202控制所述开关组件2013的开关状态,以使所述直流电源向所述动力电池300充电,包括:所述控制器202控制所述第一接触器K1、所述第二接触器K2、所述第七接触器K9均闭合,所述第三接触器K3、所述第六接触器K8均断开,以使所述直流电源向所述动力电池300充电。
本申请实施例中,控制器202控制所述第一接触器K1、所述第二接触器K2、所述第七接触器K9均闭合,所述第三接触器K3、所述第六接触器K8均断开时,充电系统200工作在直连充电模式,此时直流电源可以直接向动力电池300充电,无需经过桥臂模块2012和感性元件2011,可以提高能量转换效率。
可选的,所述充电系统200工作在预充模式的情况下,所述控制器202控制所述开关组件2013的开关状态,以使所述桥臂模块2012和所述感性元件2011形成预充电路。
本申请实施例中,在为动力电池300充电之前,可以让充电系统200工作在预充模式,先给预充电容C1(预充电容)充电。从而避免出现动力电池300在充电过程中由于预充电容C1未充满电而产生的大电流。
可选的,基于图24的充电系统200,所述控制器202控制所述开关组件2013的开关状态,以使所述桥臂模块2012和所述感性元件2011形成预充电路,包括:
所述控制器202在第一阶段控制所述第六接触器K8闭合,所述第一接触器K1、所述第二接触器K2、所述第三接触器K3和所述第七接触器K9均断开,所述桥臂模块2012的至少一个下桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块2012的N个上桥开关管均断开,以使所述直流电源给所述感性元件2011充电;
所述控制器202在第二阶段控制所述第六接触器K8闭合,所述第一接触器K1、所述第二接触器K2、所述第三接触器K3和所述第七接触器K9均断开,所述桥臂模块2012的至少一个上桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块2012的N个下桥开关管均断开,以使所述直流电源和所述感性元件2011给所述预充电容C1充电。其中,所述预充电容C1的充电电压等于所述直流电源的电压和所述感性元件2011的电压之和。
本申请实施例中,所述充电系统200工作在预充模式的情况下,在第一阶段,控制器202可以控制所述第六接触器K8闭合,所述第一接触器K1、所述第二接触器K2、所述第三接触器K3和所述第七接触器K9均断开,所述桥臂模块2012的至少一个下桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块2012的N个上桥开关管均断开,此时,直流电源向与该至少一个下桥开关管串联的电感进行充电,以使电感的两端的电压上升。在第二阶段,控制器202可以控制所述第六接触器K8闭合,所述第一接触器K1、所述第二接触器K2、所述第三接触器K3和所述第七接触器K9均断开,所述桥臂模块2012的至少一个上桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块2012的N个下桥开关管均断开,此时,由于该至少一个上桥开关管串联的电感(该至少一个上桥开关管串联的电感,即该至少一个下桥开关管串联的电感)的续流作用,直流电源和该至少一个上桥开关管串联的电感共同向预充电容C1充电,从而实现直流电源对预充电容C1的预充。
其中,第一阶段和第二阶段的持续时长可以不同,可以通过电感的参数、直流电源的输出电压和预充电容C1的参数设计该第一阶段和第二阶段的持续时长。
需要说明的是,第一阶段对该至少一个下桥开关管串联的电感进行充电时,该电感不能处于饱和状态。
本申请实施例中,对预充电容C1进行预充时,直流电源和该至少一个上桥开关管串联的电感共同向预充电容C1充电,由于电感的续流作用,不会突然出现较大的充电电流。可以避免预充过程中产生大电流,提高预充的安全性。
本申请实施例中,在直流电源的电压小于动力电池300的电压时,控制器202控制桥臂模块2012和感性元件2011形成升压电路,以使充电系统200工作在升压模式,从而实现直流电源升压后向动力电池300充电;在直流电源的电压大于动力电池300的电压时,控制器202控制桥臂模块2012和感性元件2011形成降压电路,以使充电系统200工作在降压模式,从而实现直流电源降压后向动力电池300充电。可以兼容不同电压的直流电源向动力电池300充电。
请参阅图25,图25是本申请实施例提供的另一种充电系统200的结构示意图。图25是在图24的基础上得到,如图25所示,在图24的基础上,该开关组件2013还包括:第四接触器K6和第五接触器K7。
所述直流电源的负极适于通过所述第四接触器K6与所述第二接触器K2的第二端连通。具体的,所述直流电源的负极连接所述第四接触器K6的第一端,所述第四接触器K6的第二端连接所述第二接触器K2的第二端;
所述第六接触器K8的第二端与所述感性元件2011的第一端连通。具体的,所述第六接触器K8的第二端连接所述第五接触器K7的第一端,所述第五接触器K7的第二端连接所述感性元件2011的第一端。
增加第五接触器K7,可以降低触电风险。车辆在行车或停车过程中,如果动力电池300在工作,第五接触器K7的第一端这个点(充电口)可能会带电,如果误触了第五接触器K7的第一端这个点,则可能会误触电,会导致触电风险。
可选的,所述充电系统200还包括滤波电容C2,所述滤波电容C2的第一端连接所述第六接触器K8的第二端,所述滤波电容C2的第二端连接所述第四接触器K6的第二端。
本申请实施例中,滤波电容C2可以在直流电源向动力电池300充电时,进一步减少升压或降压过程中产生的纹波。
下面的实施例中,直流电源以直流充电桩为例进行说明。
可选的,基于图25的充电系统200,所述控制模块控制所述桥臂模块和所述感性元件2011形成升压电路,包括:
所述控制模块在第一阶段控制所述第六接触器K8、所述第四接触器K6和所述第五接触器K7均闭合,所述第三接触器K3和所述第五接触器K9均断开,所述桥臂模块的至少一个下桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块的N个上桥开关管均断开,以使所述直流充电桩给所述感性元件2011充电;
所述控制模块在第二阶段控制所述第一接触器K1、所述第二接触器K2、所述第六接触器K8、所述第四接触器K6和所述第五接触器K7均闭合,所述第三接触器K3和所述第五接触器K9均断开,所述桥臂模块的至少一个上桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块的N个下桥开关管均断开,以使所述直流充电桩和所述感性元件2011给所述动力电池300充电,所述动力电池300的充电电压等于所述直流充电桩的电压和所述感性元件2011的电压之和。
本申请实施例中,在第一阶段和第二阶段,第一接触器K1、所述第二接触器K2可以闭合,也可以断开,本申请实施例不做限定。所述充电系统200工作在升压模式的情况下,在第一阶段,请参阅图26,图26是本申请实施例提供的一种充电系统200工作在升压模式时第一阶段的电流流向示意图。如图26所示,控制模块可以控制所述第六接触器K8、所述第四接触器K6和所述第五接触器K7均闭合,所述第三接触器K3和所述第五接触器K9均断开,所述桥臂模块的至少一个下桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块的N个上桥开关管均断开,此时,直流充电桩向与该至少一个下桥开关管串联的电感进行充电,以使电感的两端的电压上升。在第二阶段,请参阅图27,图27是本申请实施例提供的一种充电系统200工作在升压模式时第二阶段的电流流向示意图。如图27所示,控制模块可以控制所述第一接触器K1、所述第二接触器K2、所述第六接触器K8、所述第四接触器K6和所述第五接触器K7均闭合,所述第三接触器K3和所述第五接触器K9均断开,所述桥臂模块的至少一个上桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块的N个下桥开关管均断开,此时,由于该至少一个上桥开关管串联的电感(该至少一个上桥开关管串联的电感,即该至少一个下桥开关管串联的电感)的续流作用,直流充电桩和该至少一个上桥开关管串联的电感共同向动力电池300充电。由于动力电池300两端的电压等于直流充电桩的电压和该至少一个上桥开关管串联的电感的电压之和,从而实现直流充电桩升压后向动力电池300充电。本申请实施例中,在升压模式下,直流充电桩不是直接向动力电池300充电,直流充电桩通过电感向动力电池300充电,不会突然出现较大的充电电流。即使第二接触器K2、第三接触器K3、第五接触器K9或充电桩充电正负接触器中的某个接触器发生了烧结,也不会有短路风险,从而提高升压充电的安全性。
其中,第一阶段和第二阶段交替进行,从而实现直流充电桩升压后向动力电池300充电。每个接触器可以周期性的关断和闭合,每个周期都可以包括第一阶段和第二阶段。第一阶段和第二阶段的持续时长可以不同,可以通过电感的参数、直流充电桩的输出电压和动力电池300的电压设计该第一阶段和第二阶段的持续时长。
需要说明的是,第一阶段对该至少一个下桥开关管串联的电感进行充电时,该电感不能处于饱和状态。电感处于饱和状态,电感两端的电压不会上升,无法起到升压的效果。
可选的,基于图25的充电系统200,所述控制模块控制所述桥臂模块和所述感性元件2011形成降压电路,包括:
所述控制模块在第一阶段控制所述第二接触器K2、所述第三接触器K3、所述第五接触器K9、所述第四接触器K6和所述第五接触器K7均闭合,所述第一接触器K1和所述第六接触器K8均断开,所述桥臂模块的至少一个上桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块的N个下桥开关管均断开,以使所述直流充电桩给所述感性元件2011和所述动力电池300充电;
所述控制模块在第二阶段控制所述第二接触器K2、所述第三接触器K3、所述第五接触器K9、所述第四接触器K6和所述第五接触器K7均闭合,所述第一接触器K1和所述第六接触器K8均断开,所述桥臂模块的至少一个下桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块的N个上桥开关管均断开,以使所述感性元件2011给所述动力电池300充电。
本申请实施例中,所述充电系统200工作在降压模式的情况下,在第一阶段,请参阅图28,图28是本申请实施例提供的一种充电系统200工作在降压模式时第一阶段的电流流向示意图。如图28所示,控制模块可以控制所述第二接触器K2、所述第三接触器K3、所述第五接触器K9、所述第四接触器K6和所述第五接触器K7均闭合,所述第一接触器K1和所述第六接触器K8均断开,所述桥臂模块的至少一个上桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块的N个下桥开关管均断开,此时,直流充电桩向与该至少一个上桥开关管串联的电感和动力电池300进行充电,此时直流充电桩的输出电压在该至少一个上桥开关管串联的电感和动力电池300上分压,动力电池300上的电压小于直流充电桩的输出电压,从而实现降压充电。在第二阶段,请参阅图29,图29是本申请实施例提供的一种充电系统200工作在降压模式时第二阶段的电流流向示意图。如图29所示,控制模块可以控制第二接触器K2、所述第三接触器K3和所述第五接触器K7均闭合,所述第一接触器K1和所述第六接触器K8均断开,所述桥臂模块的至少一个下桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块的N个上桥开关管均断开,此时,由于该至少一个下桥开关管串联的电感(该至少一个下桥开关管串联的电感,即该至少一个上桥开关管串联的电感)的续流作用,该至少一个下桥开关管串联的电感向动力电池300充电,从而实现直流充电桩降压后向动力电池300充电。在第二阶段,第五接触器K9和电流接触器,可以断开,也可以闭合,本申请实施例不做限定。本申请实施例中,在降压模式下,直流充电桩不是直接向动力电池300充电,直流充电桩通过电感向动力电池300充电,不会突然出现较大的充电电流。即使第二接触器K2、第三接触器K3、第五接触器K9或充电桩充电正负接触器中的某个接触器发生了烧结,也不会有短路风险,从而提高降压充电的安全性。在降压模式下,直流充电桩可以以大于动力电池300的电压进行输出,使直流充电桩尽可能大的功率输出,从而提高动力电池300的充电电流,进而降低动力电池300的充电时间。
其中,第一阶段和第二阶段交替进行,从而实现直流充电桩降压后向动力电池300充电。每个接触器可以周期性的关断和闭合,每个周期都可以包括第一阶段和第二阶段。第一阶段和第二阶段的持续时长可以不同,可以通过电感的参数、直流充电桩的输出电压和动力电池300的电压设计该第一阶段和第二阶段的持续时长。
需要说明的是,第一阶段对该至少一个上桥开关管串联的电感进行充电时,该电感不能处于饱和状态。电感处于饱和状态,电感两端的电压不会上升,无法起到降压的效果。
可选的,基于图25的充电系统200,所述充电系统200工作在直连充电模式的情况下,所述控制模块控制所述开关组件2013的开关状态,以使所述直流电源向所述电池充电,包括:所述控制模块控制所述第一接触器K1、所述第二接触器K2、所述第五接触器K9和所述第四接触器K6均闭合,所述第三接触器K3、所述第六接触器K8和所述第五接触器K7均断开,以使所述直流充电桩向所述动力电池300充电。
本申请实施例中,请参阅图30,图30是本申请实施例提供的一种充电系统200工作在直连充电模式时的电流流向示意图。如图30所示,控制模块控制所述第一接触器K1、所述第二接触器K2、所述第五接触器K9和所述第四接触器K6均闭合,所述第三接触器K3、所述第六接触器K8和所述第五接触器K7均断开时,充电系统200工作在直连充电模式,此时直流充电桩可以直接向动力电池300充电,无需经过桥臂模块和感性元件2011,可以提高能量转换效率。在直流充电桩的电压与动力电池300的电压接近的情况下,可以让充电系统200工作在直连充电模式。示例性的,在直流充电桩的输出电压大于动力电池300的电压,并且直流充电桩的输出电压与动力电池300的电压的差值小于设定阈值(比如,20V),则可以让充电系统200工作在直连充电模式。
可选的,基于图25的充电系统200,所述充电系统200工作在预充模式的情况下,所述控制模块控制所述开关组件2013的开关状态,以使所述桥臂模块和所述感性元件2011形成预充电路,包括:
所述控制模块在第一阶段控制所述第六接触器K8、所述第四接触器K6和所述第五接触器K7均闭合,所述第一接触器K1、所述第二接触器K2、所述第三接触器K3和所述第五接触器K9均断开,所述桥臂模块的至少一个下桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块的N个上桥开关管均断开,以使所述直流充电桩给所述感性元件2011充电;
所述控制模块在第二阶段控制所述第六接触器K8、所述第四接触器K6和第五接触器K7均闭合,所述第一接触器K1、所述第二接触器K2、所述第三接触器K3和所述第五接触器K9均断开,所述桥臂模块的至少一个上桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块的N个下桥开关管均断开,以使所述直流充电桩和所述感性元件2011给所述预充电容C1充电。
本申请实施例中,所述充电系统200工作在预充模式的情况下,在第一阶段,请参阅图31,图31是本申请实施例提供的一种充电系统200工作在预充模式时第一阶段的电流流向示意图。如图31所示,控制模块可以控制所述第六接触器K8、所述第四接触器K6和第五接触器K7均闭合,所述第一接触器K1、所述第二接触器K2、所述第三接触器K3和所述第五接触器K9均断开,所述桥臂模块的至少一个下桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块的N个上桥开关管均断开,此时,直流充电桩向与该至少一个下桥开关管串联的电感进行充电,以使电感的两端的电压上升。在第二阶段,请参阅图32,图32是本申请实施例提供的一种充电系统200工作在预充模式时第二阶段的电流流向示意图。如图32所示,控制模块可以控制所述第六接触器K8、所述第四接触器K6和第五接触器K7均闭合,所述第一接触器K1、所述第二接触器K2、所述第三接触器K3和所述第五接触器K9均断开,所述桥臂模块的至少一个上桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块的N个下桥开关管均断开,此时,由于该至少一个上桥开关管串联的电感(该至少一个上桥开关管串联的电感,即该至少一个下桥开关管串联的电感)的续流作用,直流充电桩和该至少一个上桥开关管串联的电感共同向预充电容C1充电,从而实现直流充电桩对预充电容C1的预充。
其中,第一阶段和第二阶段的持续时长可以不同,可以通过电感的参数、直流充电桩的输出电压和预充电容C1的参数设计该第一阶段和第二阶段的持续时长。
需要说明的是,第一阶段对该至少一个下桥开关管串联的电感进行充电时,该电感不能处于饱和状态。
本申请实施例中,对预充电容C1进行预充时,直流充电桩和该至少一个上桥开关管串联的电感共同向预充电容C1充电,由于电感的续流作用,不会突然出现较大的充电电流。可以避免预充过程中产生大电流,提高预充的安全性。
图26至图32中,感性元件2011均以三个电感作为示例。充电模块在升压模块、降压模式、预充模式下,三个电感,可以只导通一个,也可以同时导通。本申请实施例不做限定。
当三个电感中只导通一个时,可以采用交错导通的方式。比如,三个电感包括:电感L1、电感L2和电感L3。在当前周期,导通电感L1、在下一个周期,导通电感L2、在下下个周期,导通电感L3。在电感L1、电感L2、电感L3周期性的交错导通时,可以减小电感的纹波。
本申请实施例中,对于直流充电桩输出电压低的情况,通过工作在升压模式,实现兼容低压充电桩充电的功能;另一方面,对于输出电压高的充电桩,通过工作在降压模式,在满足低电压车辆充电或整车可以承受的范围内,使直流充电桩尽可能大的功率输出,从而降低充电时间。通过升压模式和降压模式,提高电动汽车充电的兼容性和便利性。本申请实施例的升压和降压回路均有电感和开关管参与,可以有效的避免车辆在充电时,与充电桩之间发生的短路风险。直连充电模式时,可以先给预充电容预充,防止车辆与充电桩的短路风险。第五接触器在升压模式和降压模式时均属于闭合状态,增加第五接触器可以区分行车和充电工况。在行车时或类似工况时,断开第五接触器,避免电控工作时充电口带电,若在不知情情况下,工作人员误接触充电口或相应位置,会导致触电风险。在充电时闭合第五接触器,由于充电时充电枪已经插合,则不存在上述触电风险。
综上所述,本公开中的充电系统包括充电电路和控制器,充电电路与控制器连接,充电电路包括:感性元件、桥臂模块和开关组件,充电系统用于为动力电池充电。开关组件的一端适于与供电装置连接,另一端与感性元件的第一端电连接,感性元件的第二端适于通过桥臂模块与动力电池连接。控制器根据目标充电模式,控制开关组件和桥臂模块,以通过供电装置和/或感性元件为动力电池充电,目标充电模式包括:升压充电模式、降压充电模式和直连充电模式中的至少一个。本公开通过复用车辆原有的感性元件和桥臂模块,按照目标充电模式为预充电容进行预充并为动力电池充电,能够在不增加额外的电路结构的情况下兼容不同电压的供电装置。
图33是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种充电控制方法的流程图,如图33所示,该方法包括:
步骤S101,根据供电装置的输出电压和动力电池的电池电压,从预设充电模式中确定目标充电模式。
示例的,本公开中的供电装置可以是充电桩,也可以是直流电源,例如蓄电池,本公开对此不作具体限定。本公开可以应用于充电电路,其中,充电电路可以包括预充电容、动力电池、开关组件、感性元件和桥臂模块,预充电容与动力电池可以并联连接,开关组件的一端适于与供电装置连接,另一端与感性元件的第一端电连接,感性元件的第二端适于通过桥臂模块与动力电池连接。其中,桥臂模块可以是电机控制器中的三相逆变电路,感性元件可以是电机中的电感,从而实现对电机控制器和电机模块的功能复用,简化了电路构造,降低了生产成本。
由于供电装置的输出电压和动力电池的电池电压不一定是匹配的,因此在供电装置与充电电路连接之后,首先可以根据供电装置的输出电压和动力电池的电池电压之间的大小关系,从预设充电模式中确定对应的目标充电模式。其中,预设充电模式可以包括:升压充电模式、降压充电模式和直连充电模式中的至少一个。
在一些实施例中,在供电装置的输出电压小于动力电池的电池电压的情况下,可以将升压充电模式作为目标充电模式;在供电装置的输出电压大于动力电池的电池电压,并且输出电压与电池电压之差大于第一预设电压阈值且小于第二预设电压阈值的情况下,可以将直连充电模式作为目标充电模式;在供电装置的输出电压大于动力电池的电池电压,且输出电压与电池电压之差大于第二预设电压阈值的情况下,可以将降压充电模式作为目标充电模式。
步骤S102,根据目标充电模式,控制开关组件、感性元件和桥臂模块,以通过供电装置和/或感性元件为预充电容进行预充。
示例的,不同的充电模式对应充电电路中不同的开关状态,其中,开关状态包括开关组件中各种开关的状态和桥臂模块中各个开关的状态。在确定目标充电模式之后,可以按照目标充电模式控制开关组件中各种开关的状态和桥臂模块中各个开关的状态,从而通过供电装置和/或感性元件为预充电容进行预充。
在另一些实施例中,在目标充电模式为升压充电模式的情况下,可以通过供电装置和感性元件共同为预充电容进行预充,从而实现预充电容的升压预充;在目标充电模式为降压充电模式的情况下,可以通过感性元件为预充电容进行预充,从而实现预充电容的降压预充;在目标充电模式为直连充电模式的情况下,可以通过供电装置为预充电容进行预充,从而实现预充电容的直连预充。
步骤S103,在预充完成的情况下,根据目标充电模式,控制开关组件、感性元件和桥臂模块,以通过供电装置和/或感性元件为动力电池充电。
示例的,在对预充电容的预充完成之后,可以按照目标充电模式控制开关组件中各种开关的状态和桥臂模块中各个开关的状态,从而通过供电装置和/或感性元件为动力电池进行充电。
在另一些实施例中,在目标充电模式为升压充电模式的情况下,可以通过供电装置和感性元件共同为动力电池充电,从而实现动力电池的升压充电;在目标充电模式为降压充电模式的情况下,可以通过感性元件为动力电池充电,从而实现动力电池的降压充电;在目标充电模式为直连充电模式的情况下,可以通过供电装置为动力电池充电,从而实现动力电池的直连充电。
这样,在供电装置的输出电压小于动力电池的充电电压时,可以通过升压充电模式对动力电池进行升压充电;在供电装置的输出电压大于动力电池的充电电压时,可以通过降压充电模式对动力电池进行降压充电,使得供电装置能够以尽可能大的功率输出,从而降低充电时间;在供电装置的输出电压满足动力电池的充电电压时,可以通过直连充电模式为动力电池进行直连充电,从而能够兼容不同电压的供电装置,提高了充电的灵活性以及动力电池与供电装置的适配性。并且,通过复用车辆的电机控制器和电机的电路结构,无需增加额外的升压或降压的电路结构,而通过供电装置为预充电容进行预充,无需增加额外的预充支路,简化了电路结构,降低了生产成本。
图34是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电控制方法的流程图,如图34所示,目标充电模式可以包括升压充电模式,相应的,步骤S102可以通过以下步骤来实现:
步骤S1021,控制开关组件和桥臂模块,以通过供电装置为感性元件充电。
步骤S1022,控制开关组件和桥臂模块,以通过供电装置和感性元件同时为预充电容进行预充。
示例的,在目标充电模式为升压充电模式的情况下,首先可以按照升压充电模式,控制开关组件中各个开关的状态,以及桥臂模块中各个开关的状态,使得供电装置可以通过充电电路为感性元件充电。然后可以控制开关组件中各个开关的状态,以及桥臂模块中各个开关的状态,使得供电装置和感性元件可以同时为预充电容进行预充,从而实现对预充电容进行升压预充。
在一些实施例中,可以按照目标频率重复依次执行步骤S1021和步骤S1022,以周期性地为感性元件充电,并通过供电装置和感性元件同时为预充电容进行预充,从而实现对预充电容的持续升压预充。其中,目标频率可以是预设的固定值,也可以在预充过程中实时计算得到,例如,可以根据预设预充时间、感性元件的储能参数、桥臂模块中各个开关的参数和供电装置的实际输出电压等计算得到目标频率。在一种可能的实现方式中,可以根据目标频率确定PWM(英文:Pulse Width Modulation,中文:脉冲宽度调制)波的占空比,并利用该PWM波控制充电电路按照目标频率重复执行步骤S1021和步骤S1022。
图35是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电控制方法的流程图,如图35所示,在目标充电模式包括升压充电模式的情况下,相应的,步骤S103可以通过以下步骤来实现:
步骤S1031,控制开关组件和桥臂模块,以通过供电装置为感性元件充电。
步骤S1032,控制开关组件和桥臂模块,以通过供电装置和感性元件同时为动力电池充电。
示例的,在目标充电模式为升压充电模式的情况下,首先可以按照升压充电模式,控制开关组件中各个开关的状态,以及桥臂模块中各个开关的状态,使得供电装置可以通过充电电路为感性元件充电。然后可以控制开关组件中各个开关的状态,以及桥臂模块中各个开关的状态,使得供电装置和感性元件可以同时为动力电池充电,从而实现对动力电池的升压充电。
在一些实施例中,可以按照目标频率重复依次执行步骤S1031和步骤S1032,以周期性地为储能模块充电,并通过供电装置和感性元件同时为动力电池进行预充,从而实现对动力电池的持续升压充电。
图36是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电控制方法的流程图,如图36所示,目标充电模式可以包括降压充电模式,相应的,步骤S102可以通过以下步骤来实现:
步骤S1023,控制开关组件和桥臂模块,以通过供电装置为感性元件和/或预充电容充电。
步骤S1024,控制开关组件和桥臂模块,以通过感性元件为预充电容进行预充。
示例的,在目标充电模式为降压充电模式的情况下,首先可以按照降压充电模式,控制开关组件中各个开关的状态,以及桥臂模块中各个开关的状态,使得供电装置可以通过充电电路为感性元件充电。也可以控制开关组件中各个开关的状态,以及桥臂模块中各个开关的状态,使得供电装置可以通过充电电路为感性元件和预充电容进行串联充电,在给感性元件充电的同时也能实现给预充电容降压预充。然后可以控制开关组件中各个开关的状态,以及桥臂模块中各个开关的状态,使得感性元件为预充电容充电,从而实现对预充电容的降压预充。
在一些实施例中,可以按照目标频率重复依次执行步骤S1023和步骤S1024,以周期性地为感性元件充电,并通过感性元件为预充电容进行预充,从而实现对预充电容的持续降压预充。
图37是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种充电控制方法的流程图,如图37所示,在目标充电模式包括降压充电模式的情况下,相应的,步骤S103可以通过以下步骤来实现:
步骤S1033,控制开关组件和桥臂模块,以通过供电装置为感性元件和/或动力电池充电。
步骤S1034,控制开关组件和桥臂模块,以通过感性元件为动力电池充电。
示例的,在目标充电模式为降压充电模式的情况下,首先可以按照降压充电模式,控制开关组件中各个开关的状态,以及桥臂模块中各个开关的状态,使得供电装置可以通过充电电路为感性元件充电。也可以控制开关组件中各个开关的状态,以及桥臂模块中各个开关的状态,使得供电装置可以通过充电电路为感性元件和动力电池进行串联充电,在给感性元件充电的同时也能实现给动力电池降压充电。然后可以控制开关组件中各个开关的状态,以及桥臂模块中各个开关的状态,使得感性元件为动力电池充电,从而实现对动力电池的降压充电。
在一些实施例中,可以按照目标频率重复依次执行步骤S1033和步骤S1034,以周期性地为感性元件充电,并通过感性元件为动力电池充电,从而实现对动力电池的持续降压充电。
根据本公开示出的另一些实施例,目标充电模式可以包括直连充电模式。根据目标充电模式,相应的,步骤S102可以通过以下方式来实现:
控制开关组件和桥臂模块,以通过供电装置为预充电容进行预充。
在目标充电模式包括直连充电模式的情况下,相应的,步骤S103可以通过以下方式来实现:
控制开关组件和桥臂模块,以通过供电装置为动力电池充电。
示例的,在目标充电模式为直连充电模式的情况下,可以按照目标直连充电模式来控制开关组件中各个开关的状态,以及桥臂模块中各个开关的状态,从而通过供电装置直接为预充电容进行预充。
在预充结束之后,可以根据直连充电模式,控制开关组件中各个开关的状态,以及桥臂模块中各个开关的状态,从而通过供电装置直接为动力电池充电。
综上所述,本公开首先根据供电装置的输出电压和动力电池的电池电压,从预设充电模式中确定目标充电模式,其中,预设充电模式包括升压充电模式、降压充电模式和直连充电模式中的至少一个。然后根据目标充电模式,控制开关组件和桥臂模块,以通过供电装置和/或感性元件为预充电容进行预充,并在预充完成的情况下,根据目标充电模式控制开关组件和感性元件,以通过供电装置和/或感性元件为动力电池充电。本公开通过复用车辆原有的感性元件和桥臂模块,按照目标充电模式为预充电容进行预充并为动力电池充电,能够在不增加额外的电路结构的情况下兼容不同电压的供电装置,并且通过供电装置为预充电容进行预充,无需增加额外的预充支路,简化了电路结构,降低了生产成本。
图38是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种控制器的框图。如图38所示,该控制器202可以包括:处理器2021,存储器2022。该控制器202还可以包括多媒体组件2023,输入/输出(I/O)接口2024,以及通信组件2025中的一者或多者。
其中,处理器2021用于控制该控制器202的整体操作,以完成上述的充电控制方法中的全部或部分步骤。存储器2022用于存储各种类型的数据以支持在该控制器202的操作,这些数据例如可以包括用于在该控制器202上操作的任何应用程序或方法的指令,以及应用程序相关的数据,例如联系人数据、收发的消息、图片、音频、视频等等。该存储器2022可以由任何类型的易失性或非易失性存储设备或者它们的组合实现,例如静态随机存取存储器(Static Random Access Memory,简称SRAM),电可擦除可编程只读存储器(Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory,简称EEPROM),可擦除可编程只读存储器(Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory,简称EPROM),可编程只读存储器(Programmable Read-Only Memory,简称PROM),只读存储器(Read-Only Memory,简称ROM),磁存储器,快闪存储器,磁盘或光盘。多媒体组件2023可以包括屏幕和音频组件。其中屏幕例如可以是触摸屏,音频组件用于输出和/或输入音频信号。例如,音频组件可以包括一个麦克风,麦克风用于接收外部音频信号。所接收的音频信号可以被进一步存储在存储器2022或通过通信组件2025发送。音频组件还包括至少一个扬声器,用于输出音频信号。I/O接口2024为处理器2021和其他接口模块之间提供接口,上述其他接口模块可以是键盘,鼠标,按钮等。这些按钮可以是虚拟按钮或者实体按钮。通信组件2025用于该控制器202与其他设备之间进行有线或无线通信。无线通信,例如Wi-Fi,蓝牙,近场通信(Near Field Communication,简称NFC),2G、3G、4G、NB-IOT、eMTC、或其他5G等等,或它们中的一种或几种的组合,在此不做限定。因此相应的该通信组件2025可以包括:Wi-Fi模块,蓝牙模块,NFC模块等等。
在一示例性实施例中,控制器202可以被一个或多个应用专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit,简称ASIC)、数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor,简称DSP)、数字信号处理设备(Digital Signal Processing Device,简称DSPD)、可编程逻辑器件(Programmable Logic Device,简称PLD)、现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,简称FPGA)、控制器、微控制器、微处理器或其他电子元件实现,用于执行上述的充电控制方法。
在另一示例性实施例中,还提供了一种包括程序指令的计算机可读存储介质,该程序指令被处理器执行时实现上述的充电控制方法的步骤。例如,该计算机可读存储介质可以为上述包括程序指令的存储器2022,上述程序指令可由控制器202的处理器2021执行以完成上述的充电控制方法。
图39是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种车辆的框图,如图39所示,该车辆500上设置有控制器202。
图40是根据一示例性实施例示出的另一种车辆的框图,如图40所示,该车辆500上设置有充电系统200。
以上结合附图详细描述了本公开的优选实施方式,但是,本公开并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节,在本公开的技术构思范围内,可以对本公开的技术方案进行多种简单变型,这些简单变型均属于本公开的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是,在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征,在不矛盾的情况下,可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合,为了避免不必要的重复,本公开对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外,本公开的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合,只要其不违背本公开的思想,其同样应当视为本公开所公开的内容。
Claims (33)
- 一种充电系统(200),其特征在于,所述充电系统(200)包括:控制器(202);以及充电电路(201),所述充电电路(201)与所述控制器(202)连接,所述充电系统用于为动力电池(300)充电,所述充电电路(201)包括:感性元件(2011);桥臂模块(2012);和开关组件(2013);所述开关组件(2013)的一端适于与供电装置(400)连接,另一端与所述感性元件(2011)的第一端连接;所述感性元件(2011)的第二端适于通过所述桥臂模块(2012)与所述动力电池(300)连接;所述控制器(202)用于,根据所述目标充电模式,控制所述开关组件(2013)和所述桥臂模块(2012),以通过所述供电装置(400)和/或所述感性元件(2011)为所述动力电池(300)充电,所述目标充电模式包括:升压充电模式、降压充电模式和直连充电模式中的至少一个。
- 根据权利要求1所述的充电系统,其特征在于,所述控制器(202)还用于:根据所述供电装置(400)的输出电压和所述动力电池(300)的电池电压,从预设充电模式中确定所述目标充电模式。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的充电系统,其特征在于,所述开关组件(2013)包括第一开关组件(2013a)和第二开关组件(2013b);所述动力电池(300)适于通过所述第一开关组件(2013a)和所述第二开关组件(2013b)与所述供电装置(400)连接,所述动力电池(300)还适于通过所述第一开关组件(2013a)与所述桥臂模块(2012)连接,所述感性元件(2011)适于通过所述第二开关组件(2013b)连接所述供电装置(400)。
- 根据权利要求3所述的充电系统,其特征在于,所述充电电路(201)还包括:预充电容(C1);所述预充电容(C1)适于通过所述第一开关组件(2013a)与所述动力电池(300)并联连接,所述预充电容(C1)还与所述桥臂模块(2012)连接;所述控制器(202)用于,根据所述目标充电模式,控制所述开关组件(2013)和所述桥臂模块(2012),以通过所述供电装置(400)和/或所述感性元件(2011)为所述预充电容(C1)进行预充。
- 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的充电系统,其特征在于,所述充电电路(201)还包括:滤波电容(C2);所述滤波电容(C2)的一端与所述桥臂模块(2012)连接,所述滤波电容(C2)的另一端与所述感性元件(2011)连接。
- 根据权利要求4所述的充电系统,其特征在于,所述预充电容(C1)的第一端与所述桥臂模块(2012)的上桥臂连接,所述预充电容(C1)的第二端与所述桥臂模块(2012)的下桥臂连接,所述桥臂模块(2012)的桥臂中点与所述感性元件(2011)的第一端连接,所述感性元件(2011)的第二端与所述第二开关组件(2013b)连接;所述桥臂模块(2012)的上桥臂还与所述第二开关组件(2013b)连接,所述桥臂模块(2012)的下桥臂还与所述第二开关组件(2013b)连接。
- 根据权利要求6所述的充电系统,其特征在于,所述第一开关组件(2013a)包括:第一接触器(K1),所述第一接触器(K1)的第一端适于与所述动力电池(300)的第一端连接,所述第一接触器(K1)的第二端与所述预充电容(C1)的第一端连接;第二接触器(K2),所述第二接触器(K2)的第一端适于与所述动力电池(300)的第二端连接,所述第二接触器(K2)的第二端与所述预充电容(C1)的第二端连接;以及第三接触器(K3),所述第三接触器(K3)的第一端适于与所述动力电池(300)的第一端连接,所述第三接触器(K3)的第二端与所述感性元件(2011)的第二端连接;所述第二开关组件(2013b)包括:第一开关管(K4),所述第一开关管(K4)的第一端与所述桥臂模块(2012)的上桥臂连接,所述第一开关管(K4)的第二端适于与所述供电装置(400)的第一端连接;第四接触器(K6),所述第四接触器(K6)的第一端与所述桥臂模块(2012)的下桥臂连接,所述第四接触器(K6)的第二端适于与所述供电装置(400)的第二端连接;以及第二开关管(K5),所述第二开关管(K5)的第一端与所述感性元件(2011)的第二端连接,所述第二开关管(K5)的第二端适于与所述供电装置(400)的第一端连接。
- 根据权利要求7所述的充电系统,其特征在于,所述控制器(202)具体用于:闭合所述第四接触器(K6),导通所述第二开关管(K5),并断开所述第一接触器(K1)、所述第二接触器(K2)、所述第三接触器(K3)和所述第一开关管(K4);周期性地控制所述桥臂模块(2012)的上桥臂的开关管和下桥臂的开关管交替导通,以按照所述升压充电模式为所述预充电容(C1)进行升压预充;所述控制器(202)具体用于:闭合所述第一接触器(K1)、所述第二接触器(K2)、所述第四接触器(K6)和所述第二开关管(K5),并断开所述第三接触器(K3)和所述第一开关管(K4);周期性地控制所述桥臂模块(2012)的上桥和下桥交替导通,以按照所述升压充电模式为所述动力电池(300)进行升压充电。
- 根据权利要求7或8所述的充电系统,其特征在于,所述控制器(202)具体用于:闭合所述第四接触器(K6),导通所述桥臂模块(2012)的上桥臂的开关管,并断开所述第一接触器(K1)、所述第二接触器(K2)、所述第三接触器(K3)、所述第一开关管(K4)和所述桥臂模块(2012)的下桥臂的开关管;周期性地导通所述第二开关管(K5),以按照所述降压充电模式为所述预充电容(C1)进行降压预充;所述控制器(202)具体用于:闭合所述第二接触器(K2)、第三接触器(K3)、第一开关管(K4)和所述第四接触器(K6),并断开所述第一接触器(K1)和所述第二开关管(K5);周期性地控制所述桥臂模块(2012)的上桥臂的开关管和下桥臂的开关管交替导通,以按照所述降压充电模式为所述动力电池(300)进行降压充电。
- 根据权利要求7-9中任一项所述的充电系统,其特征在于,所述控制器(202)具体用于:闭合所述第四接触器(K6),并断开所述第一接触器(K1)、所述第二接触器(K2)、所述第三接触器(K3)、所述第二开关管(K5)以及所述桥臂模块(2012)的上桥臂的开关管和下桥臂的开关管;周期性地导通所述第一开关管(K4),以按照所述直连充电模式为所述预充电容(C1)进行直连预充;所述控制器(202)具体用于:闭合所述第一接触器(K1)、所述第二接触器(K2)和所述第四接触器(K6),并断开所述第三接触器(K3)、所述第二开关管(K5)以及所述桥臂模块(2012)的上桥臂的开关管和下桥臂的开关管;周期性地导通所述第一开关管(K4),并在所述供电装置(400)的输出电压保持在预设电压区间之后,保持所述第一开关管(K4)导通,以按照所述直连充电模式为所述动力电池(300)进行直连充电。
- 根据权利要求1所述的充电系统,其特征在于,所述开关组件(2013)包括:开关管;所述开关管的一端适于通过充电口(J)与所述供电装置(400)电连接,另一端与所述感性元件(2011)的第一端连接;所述感性元件(2011)的第二端适于通过所述桥臂模块(2012)与所述动力电池(300)电连接;所述控制器(202)用于:所述充电系统(200)工作在升压充电模式的情况时,控制所述开关管的工作状态,并利用所述感性元件(2011)和所述桥臂模块(2012)形成升压充电回路,将所述充电口(J)接收到的电压升高后为所述动力电池(300)充电;所述充电系统(200)工作在降压充电模式的情况时,控制所述开关组件(2013)的工作状态,并利用所述感性元件(2011)和所述桥臂模块(2012)形成降压充电回路,将所述充电口(J)接收到的电压降低后为所述动力电池(300)充电。
- 根据权利要求11所述的充电系统,其特征在于,所述开关组件(2013)包括:第一开关管(K4),所述第一开关管(K4)的第一端适于与所述充电口(J)的第一端电连接;所述第一开关管(K4)的第二端与所述感性元件(2011)的第一端电连接;以及第二开关管(K5),所述第二开关管(K5)的第一端与所述感性元件(2011)的第一端电连接;所述第二开关管(K5)的第二端适于与所述充电口(J)的第二端电连接;所述第一开关管(K4)的第二端与所述第二开关管(K5)的第一端电连接,且电连接处与所述感性元件(2011)的第一端电连接。
- 根据权利要求11或12所述的充电系统,其特征在于,所述充电系统(200)还包括:滤波电容(C2);所述滤波电容(C2)一端与所述感性元件(2011)的第一端电连接,另一端与所述桥臂模块(2012)的负极端电连接;所述滤波电容(C2)用于对所述充电口(J)接收到的电能进行滤波。
- 根据权利要求11-13中任一项所述的充电系统,其特征在于,所述充电系统(200)还包括:第五接触器(K7)或者第四接触器(K6);所述第五接触器(K7)的一端与所述开关管的第二端电连接,另一端与所述感性元件(2011)的第一端连接;所述第五接触器(K7)用于控制所述开关管的第二端与所述感性元件(2011)的第一端之间回路的通断;所述第四接触器(K6)的一端与桥臂模块(2012)的负极端电连接,另一端适于与所述充电口(J)的第二端电连接;所述第四接触器(K6)用于控制所述充电口(J)与所述桥臂模块(2012)的负极端之间回路的通断。
- 根据权利要求12-14中任一项所述的充电系统,其特征在于,所述第一开关管(K4)包括:第一场效应管,所述第一场效应管的第一端适于与所述充电口(J)的第一端电连接,第三端适于接收第一控制信号,第二端与所述感性元件(2011)的第一端电连接;所述第二开关管(K5)包括:第二场效应管,所述第二场效应管的第一端与所述感性元件(2011)的第一端电连接,第三端适于接收所述第二控制信号,第二端与所述充电口(J)的第二端、所述动力电池(300)的负极端分别电连接。
- 根据权利要求12-15中任一项所述的充电系统,其特征在于,所述感性元件(2011)包括:N相绕组;所述桥臂模块(2012)包括:并联的N个桥臂;所述N相绕组的第一端与所述开关管的另一端电连接;所述N相绕组的第二端与所述N个桥臂的中点一一对应连接,N为大于或等于1的整数。
- 根据权利要求16所述的充电系统,其特征在于,所述控制器(202)具体用于:所述充电系统(200)工作在升压充电模式的情况时,控制所述第一开关管(K4)闭合、所述第二开关管(K5)断开,且控制所述N个桥臂各自的上桥关闭、至少一个桥臂的下桥导通第一预设时间,则所述充电口(J)接收到的电能为所述N相绕组充电;导通所述第一预设时间后控制所述N个桥臂各自的下桥关闭、至少一个桥臂的上桥导通,则所述充电口(J)与所述N相绕组共同为所述动力电池(300)充电;上述过程反复进行直至充电结束。
- 根据权利要求16或17所述的充电系统,其特征在于,所述控制器(202)具体用于:所述充电系统(200)工作在降压充电模式的情况时,第一阶段控制所述第一开关管(K4)闭合,所述第二开关管(K5)断开,且控制所述N个桥臂各自的下桥关闭、至少一个桥臂的上桥导通,则所述充电口(J)为所述N相绕组和所述动力电池(300)同时充电;第二阶段控制所述第一开关管(K4)断开,所述第二开关管(K5)闭合,且控制所述N个桥臂各自的下桥关闭、至少一个桥臂的上桥导通,则所述N相绕组续流为所述动力电池(300)降压充电;上述过程反复进行直至充电结束。
- 根据权利要求16-18中任一项所述的充电系统,其特征在于,所述充电系统(200)还包括:预充电容(C1)、第一接触器(K1)和第二接触器(K2);所述预充电容(C1)与所述动力电池(300)的正极端、负极端电连接;所述控制器(202)具体用于:所述充电系统(200)工作在升压预充模式的情况时,控制所述第一开关管(K4)闭合、所述第二开关管(K5)断开、所述第一接触器(K1)和所述第二接触器(K2)断开,且控制所述N个桥臂各自的上桥关闭、至少一个桥臂的下桥导通第二预设时间,则所述充电口(J)接收到的电能或者车内电源提供的电能为所述三相绕组充电;导通所述第二预设时间后,控制所述N个桥臂各自的下桥关闭、至少一个桥臂的上桥导通,则所述充电口(J)接收到的电能或者车内电源提供的电能与所述三相绕组续流共同为所述预充电容(C1)充电,该过程反复进行直至所述预充电容(C1)的电压与所述动力电池(300)当前实时电压相差在预设范围内为止;所述充电系统(200)工作在降压预充模式的情况时,第一阶段控制所述第一接触器(K1)和所述第二接触器(K2)断开,所述第一开关管(K4)闭合,所述第二开关管(K5)断开,且控制所述N个桥臂各自的下桥关闭、至少一个桥臂的上桥导通,则所述充电口(J)接收到的电能或者车内电源提供的电能为所述N相绕组、所述预充电容(C1)同时充电;第二阶段控制所述第一接触器(K1)和所述第二接触器(K2)断开,所述第一开关管(K4)断开,所述第二开关管(K5)闭合,且控制所述N个桥臂各自的下桥关闭、至少一个桥臂的上桥导通,则所述N相绕组续流继续为所述预充电容(C1)降压充电,该过程反复进行直至所述预充电容(C1)的电压与所述动力电池(300)当前实时电压相差在预设范围内为止;所述充电系统(200)工作在直连预充模式的情况时,控制所述第一开关管(K4)闭合、所述第二开关管(K5)断开、所述第一接触器(K1)和所述第二接触器(K2)断开,且控制所述N个桥臂各自的下桥关闭、至少一个桥臂的上桥导通,则所述充电口(J)接收到的电能或者车内电源提供的电能,通过所述N相绕组和所述至少一个桥臂的上桥输至所述预充电容(C1),为所述预充电容(C1)直连充电直至所述预充电容(C1)的电压到与所述动力电池(300)当前实时电压相差在预设范围内为止。
- 根据权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,所述供电装置(400)包括直流电源;所述桥臂模块(2012)的第一端适于与所述动力电池(300)的正极连接,所述桥臂模块(2012)的第二端适于与所述动力电池(300)的负极连接,所述感性元件(2011)的第一端适于通过所述开关组件(2013)与直流电源连接,所述桥臂模块(2012)的桥臂中点连接所述感性元件(2011)的第二端;所述桥臂模块(2012)的第二端适于与所述直流电源连接;所述充电系统(200)工作在升压模式的情况下,所述控制器(202)控制所述开关组件(2013)的开关状态,以使所述桥臂模块(2012)和所述感性元件(2011)形成升压电路;所述充电系统(200)工作在降压模式的情况下,所述控制器(202)控制所述开关组件(2013)的开关状态,以使所述桥臂模块(2012)和所述感性元件(2011)形成降压电路。
- 根据权利要求20所述的充电系统,其特征在于,所述开关组件(2013)包括:第一接触器(K1),所述动力电池(300)的正极适于连接所述第一接触器(K1)的第一端,所述第一接触器(K1)的第二端连接所述桥臂模块(2012)的第一端;以及第二接触器(K2),所述动力电池(300)的负极适于连接所述第二接触器(K2)的第一端,所述第二接触器(K2)的第二端连接所述桥臂模块(2012)的第二端。
- 根据权利要求21所述的充电系统,其特征在于,所述开关组件(2013)还包括:第三接触器(K3)、第六接触器(K8)、第七接触器(K9),所述第一接触器(K1)的第一端连接所述第三接触器(K3)的第一端,所述第一接触器(K1)的第二端连接所述第七接触器(K9)的第一端,所述第七接触器(K9)的第二端适于连接直流电源的正极和所述第六接触器(K8)的第一端,所述第三接触器(K3)的第二端连接所述第六接触器(K8)的第二端,所述第六接触器(K8)的第二端适于与所述感性元件(2011)的第一端连接,所述直流电源的负极适于与所述桥臂模块(2012)的第二端连接。
- 根据权利要求22所述的充电系统,其特征在于,所述充电系统(200)还包括预充电容(C1),所述第一接触器(K1)的第二端连接所述预充电容(C1)的第一端,所述第二接触器(K2)的第二端连接所述预充电容(C1)的第二端。
- 根据权利要求22或23所述的充电系统,其特征在于,所述桥臂模块(2012)包括并联的N个桥臂单元,每个桥臂单元包括串联的上桥开关管和下桥开关管;所述感性元件(2011)包括N个电感;所述N个电感的第一端与所述第六接触器(K8)的第二端连通,所述N个电感的第二端与所述N个桥臂单元的桥臂中点一一对应连接,每个桥臂单元的桥臂中点为所述每个桥臂单元的上桥开关管和下桥开关管的连接点,N为大于或等于1的整数。
- 根据权利要求24所述的充电系统,其特征在于,所述开关组件(2013)还包括:第四接触器(K6),所述直流电源的负极适于连接所述第四接触器(K6)的第一端,所述第四接触器(K6)的第二端连接所述第二接触器(K2)的第二端;以及第五接触器(K7),所述第六接触器(K8)的第二端连接所述第五接触器(K7)的第一端,所述第五接触器(K7)的第二端连接所述感性元件(2011)的第一端。
- 根据权利要求25所述的充电系统,其特征在于,所述充电系统(200)还包括滤波电容(C2),所述滤波电容(C2)的第一端连接所述第六接触器(K8)的第二端,所述滤波电容(C2)的第二端连接所述第四接触器(K6)的第二端。
- 根据权利要求25或26所述的充电系统,其特征在于,所述控制器(202)控制所述开关组件(2013)的开关状态,以使所述桥臂模块(2012)和所述感性元件(2011)形成升压电路,包括:所述控制器(202)在第一阶段控制所述第六接触器(K8)、所述第四接触器(K6)和所述第五接触器(K7)均闭合,所述第三接触器(K3)和所述第七接触器(K9)均断开,所述桥臂模块(2012)的至少一个下桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块(2012)的N个上桥开关管均断开,以使所述直流电源给所述感性元件(2011)充电;所述控制器(202)在第二阶段控制所述第一接触器(K1)、所述第二接触器(K2)、所述第六接触器(K8)、所述第四接触器(K6)和所述第五接触器(K7)均闭合,所述第三接触器(K3)和所述第七接触器(K9)均断开,所述桥臂模块(2012)的至少一个上桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块(2012)的N个下桥开关管均断开,以使所述直流电源和所述感性元件(2011)给所述动力电池(300)充电。
- 根据权利要求25或26所述的充电系统,其特征在于,所述控制器(202)控制所述开关组件(2013)的开关状态,以使所述桥臂模块(2012)和所述感性元件(2011)形成降压电路,包括:所述控制器(202)在第一阶段控制所述第二接触器(K2)、所述第三接触器(K3)、所述第七接触器(K9)、所述第四接触器(K6)和所述第五接触器(K7)均闭合,所述第一接触器(K1)和所述第六接触器(K8)均断开,所述桥臂模块(2012)的至少一个上桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块(2012)的N个下桥开关管均断开,以使所述直流电源给所述感性元件(2011)和所述动力电池(300)充电;所述控制器(202)在第二阶段控制所述第二接触器(K2)、所述第三接触器(K3)和所述第五接触器(K7)均闭合,所述第一接触器(K1)和所述第六接触器(K8)均断开,所述桥臂模块(2012)的至少一个下桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块(2012)的N个上桥开关管均断开,以使所述感性元件(2011)给所述动力电池(300)充电。
- 根据权利要求20-28中任一项所述的充电系统,其特征在于,所述充电系统(200)工作在预充模式的情况下,所述控制器(202)控制所述开关组件(2013)的开关状态,以使所述桥臂模块(2012)和所述感性元件(2011)形成预充电路。
- 根据权利要求25或26所述的充电系统,其特征在于,所述充电系统(200)工作在预充模式的情况下,所述控制器(202)控制所述开关组件(2013)的开关状态,以使所述桥臂模块(2012)和所述感性元件(2011)形成预充电路,包括:所述控制器(202)在第一阶段控制第六接触器(K8)、第四接触器(K6)和第五接触器(K7)均闭合,第一接触器(K1)、第二接触器(K2)、第三接触器(K3)和第七接触器(K9)均断开,所述桥臂模块(2012)的至少一个下桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块(2012)的N个上桥开关管均断开,以使所述直流电源给所述感性元件(2011)充电;所述控制器(202)在第二阶段控制第六接触器(K8)、第四接触器(K6)和第五接触器(K7)均闭合,第一接触器(K1)、第二接触器(K2)、第三接触器(K3)和第七接触器(K9)均断开,所述桥臂模块(2012)的至少一个上桥开关管导通,并且所述桥臂模块(2012)的N个下桥开关管均断开,以使所述直流电源和所述感性元件(2011)给预充电容(C1)充电。
- 一种充电控制方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:根据供电装置的输出电压和动力电池的电池电压,从预设充电模式中确定目标充电模式,所述预设充电模式包括:升压充电模式、降压充电模式和直连充电模式中的至少一个;根据所述目标充电模式,控制所述开关组件和所述储能模块,以通过所述供电装置和/或所述储能模块为所述动力电池充电。
- 一种控制器(202),其特征在于,包括:存储器,其上存储有计算机程序;处理器,用于执行所述存储器中的所述计算机程序,以实现权利要求31所述方法的步骤。
- 一种车辆(500),其特征在于,所述车辆包括权利要求32所述的控制器(202),或权利要求1-30任一项所述的充电系统(200)。
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410144741.0A CN119749322A (zh) | 2024-01-31 | 2024-01-31 | 充电控制方法、充电系统、控制器及车辆 |
| CN202410144725.1 | 2024-01-31 | ||
| CN202410144725.1A CN119765917A (zh) | 2024-01-31 | 2024-01-31 | 充电装置及电动设备 |
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