WO2025112249A1 - 电池单体、电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025112249A1
WO2025112249A1 PCT/CN2024/084361 CN2024084361W WO2025112249A1 WO 2025112249 A1 WO2025112249 A1 WO 2025112249A1 CN 2024084361 W CN2024084361 W CN 2024084361W WO 2025112249 A1 WO2025112249 A1 WO 2025112249A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery cell
protective layer
cell according
welding portion
end cover
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/084361
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
牛迪
白清林
张正
孟浩
高佳静
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority to CN202480001902.9A priority Critical patent/CN120391010A/zh
Priority to KR1020267018516A priority patent/KR20260105926A/ko
Publication of WO2025112249A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025112249A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/107—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/14—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings for protecting against damage caused by external factors
    • H01M50/145—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings for protecting against damage caused by external factors for protecting against corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/166—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids
    • H01M50/169—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids by welding, brazing or soldering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/213—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • batteries are used more and more widely, for example, in mobile phones, laptops, electric vehicles, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric ships, electric toy cars, electric toy ships, electric toy airplanes and electric tools, etc.
  • the shell In a battery cell, the shell is an important component of the battery cell and is crucial to the stable and reliable operation of the battery cell.
  • the reliability of the shell directly affects the quality of the battery cell. Therefore, the reliability of the shell is a key research object in battery technology.
  • the present application provides a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device, which can effectively improve the reliability of the battery cell.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, the battery cell comprises an outer shell and a first protective layer, the outer shell comprises a shell and an end cover, the shell has an opening, the end cover covers the opening, the end cover is welded to the shell and forms a first welding portion, and the first protective layer covers the surface of the first welding portion.
  • the above technical solution provides a first protective layer, which covers the surface of the first welding portion, thereby reducing the risk of rust or damage to the first welding portion, thereby effectively improving the reliability of the battery cell.
  • the first protective layer includes a first connecting segment, a main segment, and a second connecting segment connected to each other, wherein the main segment is located between the first connecting segment and the second connecting segment.
  • the first connecting segment is connected to the shell, the second connecting segment is connected to the end cover, and the main segment covers the surface of the first welding portion.
  • the first connecting part and the second connecting part can also improve the connection firmness of the first protective layer and reduce the risk of the first protective layer falling off.
  • the battery cell further comprises an electrode assembly, which is contained in a housing.
  • the housing comprises a side wall surrounding the electrode assembly, the first connecting section is connected to a side of the side wall facing away from the electrode assembly, and the second connecting section is connected to a side of the end cap facing away from the electrode assembly.
  • the above technical solution is easy to operate, has low difficulty, and is conducive to reducing costs by welding the end cover and the shell body outside the shell and setting the first protective layer.
  • the battery cell further includes an insulating member connected to a side of the side wall facing away from the electrode assembly.
  • a plating layer is disposed on the housing, the plating layer surrounds the first welding portion, and the first protective layer is connected to the plating layer.
  • the curvature R satisfies the relationship: R ⁇ 200 ⁇ m.
  • the first protective layer is a transparent structure, which can further optimize the appearance of the product.
  • the first protective layer includes a fluorescent element, which can further improve the accuracy of detecting the thickness of the first protective layer.
  • the first protective layer includes a coating material, and the coating material includes polyacrylate, polyurethane, or epoxy resin.
  • the above technical solution uses a coating material to be coated on the first welding portion through a coating process to form a first protective layer.
  • the process is simple, which is conducive to reducing the difficulty of preparing the first protective layer and reducing costs.
  • the adhesion between the first protective layer and the first welding portion ranges from level 0 to level 1.
  • the adhesion between the first protective layer and the first welding portion By setting the adhesion between the first protective layer and the first welding portion to satisfy the above relationship, the reliability of the connection between the first protective layer and the first welding portion can be further improved, and the risk of the first protective layer falling off can be reduced.
  • a second welding portion is further provided on the end cover, and the second welding portion is electrically connected to the electrode assembly of the battery cell.
  • the battery cell also includes a second protective layer, and the second protective layer covers the surface of the second welding portion.
  • the first protective layer and the second protective layer are an integrally formed structure.
  • the first protective layer and the second protective layer in an integrated structure have a higher connection firmness.
  • the battery cell is a cylindrical battery cell.
  • the present application provides an electrical device, comprising a battery cell provided by any embodiment of the first aspect, wherein the battery cell is used to provide electrical energy.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a shell of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a partial enlarged structure of point A in FIG3 ;
  • FIG6 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of another battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a partial enlarged structure of point B in FIG6 ;
  • FIG8 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of another battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG9 is a schematic diagram of a partial enlarged structure of point C in FIG8 ;
  • FIG10 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of another battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG11 is a schematic diagram of a partial enlarged structure of D in FIG10 ;
  • FIG12 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of another battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a local enlarged structure of point E in FIG. 12 .
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected”, and “attached” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements.
  • installed should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements.
  • a and/or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.
  • the character "/" in this application generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.
  • parallel includes not only the absolutely parallel situation, but also the roughly parallel situation conventionally recognized in engineering; meanwhile, “vertical” includes not only the absolutely vertical situation, but also the roughly vertical situation conventionally recognized in engineering.
  • the battery cell may include a lithium-ion secondary battery cell, a lithium-ion primary battery cell, a lithium-sulfur battery cell, a sodium-lithium-ion battery cell, a sodium-ion battery cell or a magnesium-ion battery cell, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • the battery cell may be cylindrical, flat, rectangular or other shapes, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • the battery may be a battery module; when there are multiple battery cells, the multiple battery cells may be The battery cells are arranged and fixed to form a battery module.
  • the battery may be a battery pack, which includes a case and battery cells, wherein the battery cells or battery modules are accommodated in the case.
  • the battery may be an energy storage device, which includes an energy storage container, an energy storage cabinet, and the like.
  • a battery cell generally includes an electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator.
  • active ions such as lithium ions
  • the separator is set between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to prevent the positive and negative electrodes from short-circuiting, while allowing active ions to pass through.
  • the positive electrode may be a positive electrode sheet, and the positive electrode sheet may include a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material disposed on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the positive electrode current collector has two surfaces facing each other in its thickness direction, and the positive electrode active material is disposed on either or both of the two facing surfaces of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the positive electrode current collector may be a metal foil or a composite current collector.
  • the metal foil silver surface treated stainless steel, copper, aluminum, nickel, carbon electrode, carbon, nickel or titanium, etc. may be used.
  • the composite current collector may include a polymer material base and a metal layer.
  • the composite current collector may be formed by forming a metal material (aluminum, aluminum alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver and silver alloy, etc.) on a polymer material substrate (such as polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyethylene, etc.).
  • the positive electrode active material may include at least one of the following materials: lithium-containing phosphates, lithium transition metal oxides, and their respective modified compounds.
  • the present application is not limited to these materials, and other conventional materials that can be used as positive electrode active materials for batteries may also be used. These positive electrode active materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the positive electrode may be carbon foam or metal foam.
  • the metal foam may be nickel foam, copper foam, aluminum foam or alloy foam.
  • the positive electrode active material may not be disposed on the surface of the metal foam, but may also be disposed on the surface of the metal foam.
  • Lithium source material, potassium metal or sodium metal may also be filled or/and deposited in the foam metal, and the lithium source material is lithium metal and/or lithium-rich material.
  • the negative electrode may be a negative electrode sheet, and the negative electrode sheet may include a negative electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode current collector may be a metal foil or a composite current collector.
  • the metal foil stainless steel, copper, aluminum, nickel, carbon electrode, carbon, nickel or titanium with silver surface treatment may be used.
  • the composite current collector may include a polymer material base and a metal layer.
  • the composite current collector may be formed by forming a metal material (copper, copper alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver and silver alloy, etc.) on a polymer material substrate (such as polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyethylene, etc.).
  • the negative electrode sheet may include a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material disposed on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode active material may adopt the negative electrode active material for battery cells known in the art.
  • the negative electrode active material may include at least one of the following materials: artificial graphite, natural graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, silicon-based materials, tin-based materials, lithium titanate, etc.
  • the negative electrode may be foamed carbon or foamed metal.
  • the foamed metal may be foamed nickel, foamed copper, foamed aluminum or foamed alloy, etc.
  • the surface of the foamed metal may not be provided with a negative electrode active material, but of course, a negative electrode active material may also be provided.
  • a lithium source material, potassium metal or sodium metal may be filled or/and deposited in the negative electrode current collector, and the lithium source material is lithium metal and/or lithium-rich material.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector may be aluminum, and the material of the negative electrode current collector may be copper.
  • the electrode assembly further includes a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
  • the separator is a separator membrane, which can be any known porous separator membrane with good chemical stability and mechanical stability.
  • the main material of the isolation membrane can be selected from at least one of glass fiber, non-woven fabric, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and ceramics.
  • the battery cell further includes an electrolyte, which plays a role in conducting ions between the positive and negative electrodes.
  • the electrolyte may be in a liquid, gel or solid state.
  • the electrode assembly is a wound structure, wherein the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet are wound into the wound structure.
  • the electrode assembly is a laminate structure.
  • a plurality of positive electrode sheets and a plurality of negative electrode sheets may be provided respectively, and the plurality of positive electrode sheets and the plurality of negative electrode sheets may be alternately stacked.
  • a plurality of positive electrode sheets may be provided, and the negative electrode sheet may be folded to form a plurality of stacked folded segments, with a positive electrode sheet being sandwiched between adjacent folded segments.
  • both the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet are folded to form a plurality of folded sections that are stacked.
  • a plurality of separators may be provided, each of which is provided between any adjacent positive electrode sheets or negative electrode sheets.
  • the shape of the electrode assembly can be cylindrical, flat, or polygonal.
  • the electrode assembly is provided with tabs, which can lead current out of the electrode assembly.
  • the tabs include a positive tab and a negative tab.
  • batteries are used more and more widely, for example, in mobile phones, laptops, electric vehicles, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric ships, electric toy cars, electric toy ships, electric toy airplanes and electric tools, etc.
  • the shell In a battery cell, the shell is an important component of the battery cell and is crucial to the stable and reliable operation of the battery cell.
  • the reliability of the shell directly affects the quality of the battery cell.
  • the shell and the end cover are usually welded to form the shell.
  • the reliability of the welding area between the shell and the end cover is weak. During the transportation, storage and practical use of the battery cell, the welding area is prone to rust or damage, thereby affecting the reliability of the battery cell.
  • the present application designs a battery cell, the battery cell comprising a shell and a A protective layer, the housing includes a shell and an end cover, the shell has an opening, the end cover covers the opening, the end cover is welded to the shell to form a first welding portion, and the first protective layer covers the surface of the first welding portion.
  • the first protective layer can protect the first welding portion, reduce the risk of rust or damage to the first welding portion, and thus can effectively improve the reliability of the battery cell.
  • Electrical devices may be, but are not limited to, vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys, and electric tools, etc.
  • Vehicles may be, but are not limited to, fuel vehicles, gas vehicles, or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles may be, but are not limited to, pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, or extended-range vehicles, etc.
  • spacecraft include, but are not limited to, airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, etc.
  • electric toys include, but are not limited to, fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include, but are not limited to, metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools, and railway electric tools, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, and electric planers, etc.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • a battery 2 is disposed inside the vehicle 1, and the battery 2 may be disposed at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 1.
  • the battery 2 may be used to power the vehicle 1, for example, the battery 2 may be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1.
  • the battery 2 can not only serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1, but also serve as a driving power source for the vehicle 1, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an explosion of a battery provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 2 includes a housing 5 and a battery cell 7 , and the battery cell 7 is accommodated in the housing 5 .
  • the box body 5 is used to accommodate the battery cells, and the box body 5 can be of various structures, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, etc.
  • the battery cell 7 can be one or more. If there are more than one battery cell 7, the battery cells 7 can be connected in series, in parallel or in mixed connection. Mixed connection means that the battery cells 7 are both connected in series and in parallel.
  • the battery cells 7 can be directly connected in series, in parallel or in mixed connection, and then the whole body formed by the battery cells 7 can be accommodated in the box 5; of course, the battery cells 7 can also be connected in series, in parallel or in mixed connection to form a battery module, and then the battery modules can be connected in series, in parallel or in mixed connection to form a whole body, and then accommodated in the box 5.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of an outer shell of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the partial enlarged structure of point A in FIG. 3 .
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell 7, which includes an outer shell 10 and a first protective layer 20.
  • the outer shell 10 includes a shell body 11 and an end cover 12.
  • the shell body 11 has an opening 111, and the end cover 12 covers the opening 111.
  • the end cover 12 is welded to the shell body 11 and forms a first welding portion 13.
  • the first protective layer 20 covers the surface of the first welding portion 13.
  • the housing 11 is a component used to cooperate with the end cover 12 to form an internal environment of the battery cell 7, wherein the formed internal environment can be used to accommodate the electrode assembly 30, electrolyte and other components.
  • the shell 11 may be in various shapes and sizes, such as but not limited to a rectangular parallelepiped, a cylindrical shape, a hexagonal prism, etc.
  • the shape of the shell 11 may be determined according to the specific shape and size of the electrode assembly 30 .
  • the material of the housing 11 may be, but is not limited to, copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc.
  • the end cover 12 refers to a component that covers the opening 111 of the housing 11 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 7 from the external environment.
  • the shape of the end cover 12 can be adapted to the shape of the housing 11 to match the housing 11 .
  • electrode terminals may be provided on the end cover 12 , and the electrode terminals may be used to be electrically connected to the electrode assembly 30 for outputting or inputting electrical energy of the battery cell 7 .
  • the end cover 12 may also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism for releasing the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 7 reaches a threshold value.
  • an insulating member may be provided inside the end cap 12, and the insulating member may be used to isolate the electrical connection components in the housing 11 from the end cap 12 to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the insulating member may be plastic, rubber, or the like.
  • the end cap 12 is connected to the shell 11 by welding, and a first connection portion is formed at the connection between the end cap 12 and the shell 11.
  • the first protective layer 20 covers the surface of the first welding portion 13 to isolate the first welding portion 13 from the external environment, thereby isolating water vapor and reducing the risk of rusting of the first welding portion 13.
  • the first protective layer 20 itself has a certain hardness, thereby reducing the risk of scratches or bruises on the first welding portion 13.
  • the first welding portion 13 may be located inside the outer shell 10, which is beneficial to improving the appearance of the battery cell 7; the first welding portion 13 may also be located outside the outer shell 10, which is convenient for welding operations and is beneficial to reducing the difficulty of welding.
  • a welding hole may be provided on the end cover 12, and the welding hole penetrates the end cover 12 along the thickness direction of the end cover 12. After the end cover 12 covers the opening 111 of the shell 11, the welding gun can weld the end cover 12 and the shell 11 inside the outer shell 10 through the welding hole; in the case where the first welding portion 13 is located outside the outer shell 10, the welding gun directly welds the end cover 12 and the shell 11 outside the outer shell 10.
  • the first welding portion 13 may be located inside the outer shell 10, which is beneficial to improving the appearance of the battery cell 7; the first welding portion 13 may also be located outside the outer shell 10, which is convenient for welding operations and is beneficial to reducing the difficulty of welding.
  • a welding hole may be provided on the end cover 12, and the welding hole penetrates the end cover 12 along the thickness direction of the end cover 12. After the end cover 12 covers the opening 111 of the shell 11, the welding gun can weld the end cover 12 and the shell 11 inside the outer shell 10 through the welding hole; in the case where the first welding portion 13 is located outside the outer shell 10, the welding gun directly welds the end cover 12 and the shell 11 outside the outer shell 10.
  • the first protective layer 20 may be directly connected to the first welding portion 13, or may be restricted on the first welding portion 13 by other components.
  • the connection between the first protective layer 20 and the first welding portion 13 may be, but is not limited to, bonding, riveting, or bolting.
  • the first protective layer 20 may be but is not limited to being made of metal or non-metal materials.
  • the metal material may be copper, aluminum or stainless steel, etc.
  • the non-metal material may be acrylate, polyurethane, epoxy resin, polyethylene, polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride, etc.
  • the above technical solution provides the first protective layer 20 , and the first protective layer 20 covers the surface of the first welding portion 13 , thereby reducing the risk of rust or damage to the first welding portion 13 , thereby effectively improving the reliability of the battery cell 7 .
  • the battery cell 7 may be, but is not limited to, a cylindrical battery cell 7 or a square battery cell 7 .
  • the first protective layer 20 includes a first connecting segment 21, a main segment 22, and a second connecting segment 23, wherein the main segment 22 is located between the first connecting segment 21 and the second connecting segment 23.
  • the first connecting segment 21 is connected to the housing 11, the second connecting segment 23 is connected to the end cover 12, and the main segment 22 covers the surface of the first welding portion 13.
  • the first connection section 21 extends from the main section 22 in a direction close to the shell 11 and is connected to the shell 11, and the second connection section 23 extends from the main section 22 in a direction close to the end cover 12 and is connected to the end cover 12.
  • the covering effect of the first protective layer 20 on the first welding portion 13 can be further improved, reducing the risk of covering dead angles; on the other hand, the first connection portion and the second connection portion can also improve the connection firmness of the first protective layer 20 and reduce the risk of the first protective layer 20 falling off.
  • the first connection section 21 may be directly connected to the housing 11, or may be restricted to the housing 11 through other components.
  • the connection between the first connection section 21 and the housing 11 may be, but is not limited to, bonding, riveting, or bolting.
  • the second connection section 23 may be directly connected to the end cover 12, or may be restricted to the end cover 12 by other components.
  • the connection between the second connection section 23 and the end cover 12 may be, but is not limited to, bonding, riveting, or bolting.
  • the battery cell 7 further includes an electrode assembly 30, and the electrode assembly 30 is contained in the housing 10.
  • the housing 11 includes a side wall 112 surrounding the electrode assembly 30, and the first connecting section 21 is connected to The side wall 112 faces away from the electrode assembly 30 , and the second connecting section 23 is connected to the side of the end cover 12 facing away from the electrode assembly 30 .
  • the electrode assembly 30 is a component in the battery cell 7 where electrochemical reactions occur.
  • One or more electrode assemblies 30 may be included in the housing 10.
  • the electrode assembly 30 is mainly formed by winding or stacking positive and negative electrode sheets, and a separator is usually provided between the positive and negative electrode sheets.
  • the parts of the positive and negative electrode sheets with active materials constitute the main body of the electrode assembly 30, and the parts of the positive and negative electrode sheets without active materials each constitute a tab.
  • the positive tab and the negative tab may be located together at one end of the main body or respectively at both ends of the main body. During the charge and discharge process of the battery, the positive active material and the negative active material react with the electrolyte, and the tabs connect the electrode terminals to form a current loop.
  • the first welding portion 13 is located outside the housing 10, the first connecting section 21 extends from the main section 22 in a direction close to the housing 11 and is connected to the side of the side wall 112 facing away from the electrode assembly 30, and the second connecting section 23 extends from the main section 22 in a direction close to the end cap 12 and is connected to the side of the end cap 12 facing away from the electrode assembly 30.
  • Welding the end cap 12 and the housing 11 and setting the first protective layer 20 from the outside of the housing 10 is easy to operate, has low difficulty, and is conducive to reducing costs.
  • the battery cell 7 further includes an insulating member 40 , which is connected to a side of the side wall 112 facing away from the electrode assembly 30 .
  • the insulating member 40 can insulate the housing 10 , reducing the risk of a short circuit between the battery cell 7 and external electrical connection components, thereby improving the reliability of the battery cell 7 .
  • the insulating member 40 may be directly connected to the side wall 112, or may be restricted on the side wall 112 by other components.
  • the connection between the insulating member 40 and the side wall 112 may be, but is not limited to, bonding, riveting, or bolting.
  • the insulating member 40 may be, but is not limited to, a film layer structure, a sheet structure, or a block structure.
  • the insulating member 40 may be made of, but not limited to, polypropylene, polyethylene, or polybutylene, etc.
  • the insulating member 40 may also include a flame retardant, an antioxidant, etc., to improve the performance of the insulating member 40 .
  • the first connecting section 21 is spaced apart from the insulating member 40 .
  • the distance between the first connecting portion and the insulating member 40 is There is a certain distance between them.
  • the first protective layer 20 and the insulating member 40 are independent and not connected to each other.
  • the first connecting section 21 is connected to the insulating member 40 along a side edge of the first connecting section 21 that is away from the main section 22 along its own extending direction.
  • the first connection section 21 is spliced with the insulating member 40.
  • the first connection section 21 and the insulating member 40 together cover the outer surface of the side wall 112 along the thickness direction of the side wall 112.
  • the first connection section 21 and the insulating member 40 both have a protective effect on the shell 11, which can improve the reliability of the shell 11; on the other hand, the consistency of the outer surface of the shell 10 can be effectively improved, which is conducive to improving the appearance of the battery cell 7.
  • a surface of the first connecting section 21 facing away from the side wall 112 is flush with a surface of the insulating member 40 facing away from the side wall 112 .
  • a surface of the first connecting section 21 facing away from the side wall 112 and a surface of the insulating member 40 facing away from the side wall 112 are located on the same plane, which can effectively improve the flatness of the outer surface of the housing 10 and further improve the appearance of the battery cell 7.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another battery cell 7 provided in some embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic partial enlarged view of the structure at B in FIG. 6
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic partial enlarged view of the structure at B in FIG. 6 before the end cover 12 and the shell 11 are welded.
  • the first connecting segment 21 and the insulating member 40 are at least partially overlapped.
  • the first connecting section 21 and the insulating member 40 jointly cover the outer surface of the side wall 112 along the thickness direction of the side wall 112, and there is an overlap between the first connecting section 21 and the insulating member 40, which can further improve the covering effect of the first connecting section 21 and the insulating member 40 on the side wall 112 and reduce the risk of covering dead corners, thereby further improving the protective effect of the first connecting section 21 and the insulating member 40 on the shell 11, which is beneficial to improving the reliability of the shell 11.
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of another battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application
  • FIG9 is a schematic diagram of the partial enlarged structure of point C in FIG8 .
  • the first protection layer 20 and the insulating member 40 are an integrally formed structure.
  • a structure having insulating properties may be provided in the first protective layer 20 , or the first protective layer 20 may be provided with a double-layer structure, wherein one layer is a protective layer of the first welding portion 13 , and the other layer is an insulating layer.
  • the side wall 112 is provided with a recess 1121, which is recessed relative to the outer surface of the side wall 112.
  • the bottom wall of the recess 1121 is welded to the end cover 12 to form a first welding portion 13, and at least a portion of the first connecting section 21 is accommodated in the recess 1121.
  • the recess 1121 can be formed by the outer surface of the side wall 112 being recessed along the thickness direction of the side wall 112. After the end cover 12 is welded to the bottom wall of the recess 1121, the recess 1121 can provide an accommodation space so that the first welding portion 13 can be accommodated in the recess 1121, and after the first connecting section 21 covers the first welding portion 13, at least part of the first connecting section 21 is accommodated in the recess 1121, which can reduce the size of the first welding portion 13 and the first connecting section 21 protruding from the outer shell 10, thereby reducing the overall volume of the battery cell 7, which is beneficial to improving the energy density of the battery cell 7.
  • the first connecting section 21 may be partially accommodated in the recess 1121 , or the first connecting section 21 may be fully accommodated in the recess 1121 .
  • the recess 1121 and the side wall 112 may be an integrally formed structure, which can simplify the manufacturing process and help reduce costs.
  • the side surface of the first connecting section 21 facing away from the electrode assembly 30 is flush with the side surface of the side wall 112 facing away from the electrode assembly 30, which can improve the flatness of the outer surface of the side wall 112 and optimize the appearance of the product.
  • a surface of the second connecting segment 23 facing away from the electrode assembly 30 is flush with a surface of the end cover 12 facing away from the electrode assembly 30 .
  • the recess 1121 can provide an accommodation space.
  • the material at the connection between the end cap 12 and the bottom wall of the recess 1121 will melt first, and the melted fluid will flow toward the recess 1121. After the melted fluid solidifies to form the first welding portion 13, there will be a gap between the first welding portion 13 and the side surface of the end cap 12 facing away from the electrode assembly 30. A certain distance.
  • the flatness of the outer surface of the end cover 12 can be improved by making the side surface of the second connecting section 23 facing away from the electrode assembly 30 flush with the side surface of the end cover 12 facing away from the electrode assembly 30, thereby further optimizing the appearance of the product.
  • a minimum distance L1 between a side edge of the first connecting section 21 away from the main section 22 along its extension direction and the first welding portion 13 satisfies the relationship: L1 ⁇ 0.05 mm.
  • the minimum distance between a side edge of the first connecting section 21 away from the main section 22 along its extension direction and the first welding portion 13 can be understood as the size of the outer edge of the first connecting section 21 exceeding the edge of the first welding portion 13 .
  • the minimum distance L1 may be, but is not limited to, 0.05 mm, 0.06 mm, 0.07 mm, 0.08 mm, 0.09 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.5 mm, etc.
  • the above technical solution can further improve the coverage effect of the first protective layer 20 on the first welding portion 13 by setting the minimum distance L1 between the side edge of the first connecting section 21 away from the main section 22 along its own extension direction within the above range, reduce the risk of coverage dead corners, and thus further improve the reliability of the battery cell 7.
  • a minimum distance L1 between a side edge of the first connecting section 21 away from the main section 22 along its extension direction and the first welding portion 13 satisfies the relationship: L1 ⁇ 0.1 mm, so as to further reduce the risk of a coverage blind spot.
  • the minimum distance L1 may be, but is not limited to, 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.5 mm, etc.
  • a minimum distance L2 between a side edge of the second connecting section 23 away from the main section 22 along its own extending direction and the first welding portion 13 satisfies the relationship: L2 ⁇ 0.05 mm.
  • the minimum distance between a side edge of the second connecting section 23 away from the main section 22 along its extension direction and the first welding portion 13 can be understood as the size of the outer edge of the second connecting section 23 exceeding the edge of the first welding portion 13 .
  • the minimum distance L2 may be, but is not limited to, 0.05 mm, 0.06 mm, 0.07 mm, 0.08 mm, 0.09 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.5 mm, etc.
  • the above technical solution can further improve the coverage effect of the first protective layer 20 on the first welding portion 13 by setting the minimum distance L2 between the side edge of the second connecting section 23 away from the main section 22 along its own extension direction within the above range, reduce the risk of coverage dead corners, and thus further improve the reliability of the battery cell 7.
  • a minimum distance L2 between a side edge of the second connecting section 23 away from the main section 22 along its extension direction and the first welding portion 13 satisfies the relationship: L2 ⁇ 0.1 mm, so as to further reduce the risk of a coverage blind spot.
  • the minimum distance L2 may be, but is not limited to, 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.5 mm, etc.
  • FIG10 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of another battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application
  • FIG11 is a schematic diagram of the partial enlarged structure of point D in FIG10 .
  • a coating layer 14 is disposed on the housing 10 , the coating layer 14 surrounds the first welding portion 13 , and the first protective layer 20 is connected to the coating layer 14 .
  • the first protective layer 20 is connected to the plating layer 14, and the outer edge of the first protective layer 20 may be connected to the edge of the plating layer 14, in other words, the first protective layer 20 is spliced with the plating layer 14; or the first protective layer 20 and the plating layer 14 may be stacked, and the first protective layer 20 is connected to the outer surface of the plating layer 14, in other words, the first protective layer 20 is connected to the side surface of the plating layer 14 facing away from the electrode assembly 30.
  • the end cover 12 may be provided with a coating 14, and the coating 14 covers the surface of the end cover 12; the shell 11 may be provided with a coating 14, and the coating 14 covers the surface of the shell 11; or both the end cover 12 and the shell 11 may be provided with a coating 14, and the coating 14 covers the entire surface of the shell 10.
  • the coating 14 may be directly connected to the housing 10, or may be limited to the housing 10 by other components.
  • the connection between the coating 14 and the housing 10 may be but not limited to the housing 10. Limited to bonding, riveting or bolting, etc.
  • the coating 14 may be but is not limited to being made of metal or non-metal materials.
  • the metal material may be nickel, copper, aluminum or stainless steel, etc.
  • the non-metal material may be acrylate, polyurethane, epoxy resin, polyethylene, polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride, etc.
  • the coating 14 can protect the surface of the housing 10 , thereby further improving the overall reliability of the housing 10 .
  • the thickness d1 of the plating layer 14 satisfies the relationship: 0.1 ⁇ m ⁇ d1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness d1 of the coating 14 can be but is not limited to 0.1 ⁇ m, 0.2 ⁇ m, 0.3 ⁇ m, 0.4 ⁇ m, 0.5 ⁇ m, 0.8 ⁇ m, 1 ⁇ m, 1.2 ⁇ m, 1.5 ⁇ m, 1.8 ⁇ m, 2 ⁇ m, 2.2 ⁇ m, 2.5 ⁇ m, 2.8 ⁇ m, 3 ⁇ m, 3.2 ⁇ m, 3.5 ⁇ m, 3.8 ⁇ m, 4 ⁇ m, 4.2 ⁇ m, 4.5 ⁇ m, 4.8 ⁇ m, 5 ⁇ m, 6 ⁇ m, 7 ⁇ m, 8 ⁇ m, 9 ⁇ m, 10 ⁇ m, etc.
  • the thickness d1 of the plating layer 14 By setting the thickness d1 of the plating layer 14 within the above range, the reliability of the outer casing 10 as a whole can be improved while reducing the influence of the plating layer 14 on the overall size of the battery cell 7 .
  • the thickness d1 of the plating layer 14 satisfies the relationship: 0.5 ⁇ m ⁇ d1 ⁇ 5 ⁇ m, so as to further take into account the overall reliability of the housing 10 and the overall size of the battery cell 7 .
  • the thickness d1 of the coating 14 may be, but is not limited to, 0.5 ⁇ m, 0.8 ⁇ m, 1 ⁇ m, 1.2 ⁇ m, 1.5 ⁇ m, 1.8 ⁇ m, 2 ⁇ m, 2.2 ⁇ m, 2.5 ⁇ m, 2.8 ⁇ m, 3 ⁇ m, 3.2 ⁇ m, 3.5 ⁇ m, 3.8 ⁇ m, 4 ⁇ m, 4.2 ⁇ m, 4.5 ⁇ m, 4.8 ⁇ m, 5 ⁇ m, etc.
  • the first welding portion 13 includes a transition surface 131 , and the transition surface 131 is connected to the outer surface of the shell 11 and the outer surface of the end cover 12 .
  • the transition surface 131 refers to at least a portion of the surface of the first welding portion 13 connected to the outer surface of the housing 11 and the outer surface of the end cover 12.
  • the transition surface 131 is an arc surface.
  • the curvature R of the arc surface satisfies the relationship: R ⁇ 100 ⁇ m.
  • the curvature R of the arc surface can be but is not limited to 100 ⁇ m, 150 ⁇ m, 200 ⁇ m, 250 ⁇ m, 300 ⁇ m, 350 ⁇ m, 400 ⁇ m, 450 ⁇ m, 500 ⁇ m, 550 ⁇ m, 600 ⁇ m, 750 ⁇ m, 800 ⁇ m, 850 ⁇ m, 900 ⁇ m, 950 ⁇ m, 1000 ⁇ m, etc.
  • the above technical solution can further reduce the difficulty of preparing the first protective layer 20 and improve the product yield by setting the curvature R of the arc surface to satisfy the above relationship.
  • the curvature R of the arc surface satisfies the relationship: R ⁇ 200 ⁇ m.
  • the curvature R of the arc surface can be but is not limited to 200 ⁇ m, 250 ⁇ m, 300 ⁇ m, 350 ⁇ m, 400 ⁇ m, 450 ⁇ m, 500 ⁇ m, 550 ⁇ m, 600 ⁇ m, 750 ⁇ m, 800 ⁇ m, 850 ⁇ m, 900 ⁇ m, 950 ⁇ m, 1000 ⁇ m, etc.
  • the thickness d2 of the first protective layer 20 satisfies the relationship: d2 ⁇ 5 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness d2 of the first protective layer 20 can be but is not limited to 5 ⁇ m, 6 ⁇ m, 7 ⁇ m, 8 ⁇ m, 9 ⁇ m, 10 ⁇ m, 15 ⁇ m, 20 ⁇ m, 25 ⁇ m, 30 ⁇ m, 35 ⁇ m, 40 ⁇ m, 45 ⁇ m, 50 ⁇ m, 55 ⁇ m, 60 ⁇ m, 65 ⁇ m, 70 ⁇ m, etc.
  • the above technical solution can further improve the protective effect of the first protective layer 20 on the first welding portion 13 by setting the thickness d2 of the first protective layer 20 to satisfy the above relationship.
  • the thickness d2 of the first protective layer 20 satisfies the relationship: d2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness d2 of the first protective layer 20 may be, but is not limited to, 10 ⁇ m, 15 ⁇ m, 20 ⁇ m, 25 ⁇ m, 30 ⁇ m, 35 ⁇ m, 40 ⁇ m, 45 ⁇ m, 50 ⁇ m, 55 ⁇ m, 60 ⁇ m, 65 ⁇ m, 70 ⁇ m, etc.
  • the thickness of the first protective layer 20 can be detected by comparing the grayscale value.
  • the grayscale value of the lower limit of the thickness of the first protective layer 20 can be set as a threshold. If it is higher than the threshold, it can be determined that the thickness of the first protective layer 20 is insufficient; if it is lower than the threshold, it can be determined that the thickness of the first protective layer 20 meets the standard.
  • the first protection layer 20 is a transparent structure.
  • the first protective layer 20 may be made of a transparent material, which can further optimize The appearance of the product.
  • the first protection layer 20 includes a fluorescent member.
  • the thickness of the first protective layer 20 can be detected by comparing the fluorescence value.
  • the fluorescence value of the lower limit of the thickness of the first protective layer 20 can be set as a threshold. If it is higher than the threshold, it can be determined that the thickness of the first protective layer 20 is insufficient; if it is lower than the threshold, it can be determined that the thickness of the first protective layer 20 meets the standard, which can further improve the accuracy of the thickness detection of the first protective layer 20.
  • the first protective layer 20 includes a coating material including polyacrylate, polyurethane, or epoxy resin.
  • the coating material is coated on the first welding portion 13 through a coating process to form the first protective layer 20.
  • the process is simple, which is conducive to reducing the difficulty of preparing the first protective layer 20 and reducing the cost.
  • the coating process can be but is not limited to spraying, printing or dispensing.
  • the viscosity ⁇ of the coating material satisfies the relationship: 1 cps ⁇ 2000 cps.
  • the viscosity ⁇ of the coating material may be, but is not limited to, 1cps, 50cps, 100cps, 150cps, 200cps, 250cps, 300cps, 350cps, 400cps, 450cps, 500cps, 550cps, 600cps, 650cps, 700cps, 750cps, 800cps, 850cps, 900cps, 950cps, 1000cps, 1200cps, 1400cps, 1600cps, 1800cps, 2000cps, and the like.
  • the viscosity of the coating material can be measured using a rotational viscometer in accordance with the national standard GB/T 24148.4-2009.
  • the specific measurement method can be referred to the national standard GB/T 24148.4-2009 and will not be repeated here.
  • the above technical solution can effectively improve the coating quality and increase the product yield by setting the viscosity ⁇ of the coating material within the above range.
  • the viscosity ⁇ of the coating material satisfies the relationship: 1cps ⁇ 1000cps, so as to further improve the coating quality and product yield.
  • the viscosity ⁇ of the coating material may be, but is not limited to, 1cps, 50cps, 100cps, 150cps, 200cps, 250cps, 300cps, 350cps, 400cps, 450cps, 500cps, 550cps, 600cps, 650cps, 700cps, 750cps, 800cps, 850cps, 900cps, 950cps, 1000cps, etc.
  • the range of the adhesion between the first protective layer 20 and the first welding portion 13 is The range is from 0 to 1.
  • adhesion refers to the degree of firmness with which a coating is bonded to the surface of an object through the action of physical and chemical forces.
  • the above-mentioned adhesion grade is tested using the cross-cut method of the national standard ISO2409.
  • the adhesion between the first protective layer 20 and the first welding portion 13 By setting the adhesion between the first protective layer 20 and the first welding portion 13 to satisfy the above relationship, the reliability of the connection between the first protective layer 20 and the first welding portion 13 can be further improved, and the risk of the first protective layer 20 falling off can be reduced.
  • FIG12 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of another battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application
  • FIG13 is a schematic diagram of the partial enlarged structure of point E in FIG12 .
  • the end cap 12 is further provided with a second welding portion 121 , which is electrically connected to the electrode assembly 30 of the battery cell 7 .
  • the battery cell 7 further includes a second protective layer 50 , which covers the surface of the second welding portion 121 .
  • the electrode assembly 30 includes a main body and a tab, and the electrode assembly 30 is connected to an external electrical device through an electrical connection between the tab and the end cap 12.
  • the end cap 12 and the electrode assembly 30 may be electrically connected by welding, so that the end cap 12 and the electrode assembly 30 are welded to form a second welding portion 121 on the end cap 12.
  • the second protective layer 50 covers the surface of the second welding portion 121.
  • the second protective layer 50 covers the second welding portion 121 from the outside of the end cover 12 to isolate the second welding portion 121 from the external environment, thereby isolating water vapor and reducing the risk of rusting the second welding portion 121.
  • the second protective layer 50 itself has a certain hardness, thereby reducing the risk of scratches or bruises on the second welding portion 121, thereby further improving the reliability of the battery cell 7.
  • the first protective layer 20 and the second protective layer 50 are integrally formed. On the one hand, there is no need to connect the first protective layer 20 and the second protective layer 50 through an additional connection process, which simplifies the manufacturing process. At the same time, compared with connecting the first protective layer 20 and the second protective layer 50 through an additional connection process, the first protective layer 20 and the second protective layer 50 in an integral structure have a higher connection firmness.
  • the battery cell 7 further includes a current collector 60 , which is connected between the end cover 12 and the electrode assembly 30 , and the current collector 60 is welded to the second welding portion 121 .
  • the current collector 60 is disposed between the electrode assembly 30 and the end cap 12.
  • the current collector 60 and the electrode assembly 30 are connected by welding to form a second welding portion 121 to achieve electrical connection between the end cover 12, the current collector 60 and the electrode assembly 30.
  • the current collector 60 can improve the stability of the electrical connection between the electrode assembly 30 and the end cover 12.
  • the present application also provides a battery, comprising a battery cell 7 of any of the above schemes.
  • the present application further provides an electrical device, comprising a battery cell 7 according to any of the above schemes, and the battery cell 7 is used to provide electrical energy.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell 7, which includes a shell 10, an electrode assembly 30, a first protective layer 20 and an insulating member 40, and the electrode assembly 30 is accommodated in the shell 10.
  • the shell 10 includes a shell 11 and an end cover 12, the shell 11 has an opening 111, the shell 11 includes a side wall 112 surrounding the electrode assembly 30, the side wall 112 is provided with a recess 1121, the recess 1121 is recessed relative to the outer surface of the side wall 112, the end cover 12 covers the opening 111, and the end cover 12 is welded to the bottom wall of the recess 1121 to form a first welding portion 13.
  • the first protective layer 20 includes a first connecting section 21, a main section 22 and a second connecting section 23 connected to each other, and the main section 22 is located between the first connecting section 21 and the second connecting section 23.
  • the first connecting section 21 is connected to the side of the side wall 112 facing away from the electrode assembly 30, the second connecting section 23 is connected to the side of the end cover 12 facing away from the electrode assembly 30, and the main section 22 covers the surface of the first welding portion 13.
  • the insulating member 40 is connected to a side of the side wall 112 facing away from the electrode assembly 30 .
  • the above technical solution provides the first protective layer 20 , and the first protective layer 20 covers the surface of the first welding portion 13 , thereby reducing the risk of rust or damage to the first welding portion 13 , thereby effectively improving the reliability of the battery cell 7 .

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种电池单体、电池及用电装置。电池单体包括外壳和第一保护层，外壳包括壳体和端盖，壳体具有开口，端盖盖合于开口，端盖焊接于壳体并形成第一焊接部。第一保护层覆盖第一焊接部的表面。

Description

电池单体、电池及用电装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2023年11月29日提交的名称为“电池单体、电池及用电装置”的中国专利申请第202323249549.8号的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别涉及一种电池单体、电池及用电装置。
背景技术
随着新能源技术的发展，电池的应用越来越广泛，例如应用于手机、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机、电动轮船、电动玩具汽车、电动玩具轮船、电动玩具飞机和电动工具等上。
在电池单体中，外壳作为电池单体的重要部件，对电池单体的稳定可靠的运行至关重要，外壳的可靠性直接影响到电池单体的品质。因此，外壳的可靠性是电池技术中一个的重点研究对象。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请提供了一种电池单体、电池及用电装置，能够有效提高电池单体的可靠性。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体，电池单体包括外壳和第一保护层，外壳包括壳体和端盖，壳体具有开口，端盖盖合于开口，端盖焊接于壳体并形成第一焊接部。第一保护层覆盖第一焊接部的表面。
上述技术方案通过设置第一保护层，第一保护层覆盖第一焊接部的表面，减小第一焊接部发生锈蚀或者损伤的风险，从而能够有效提高电池单体的可靠性。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，第一保护层包括相连接的第一连接段、主体段和第二连接段，主体段位于第一连接段和第二连接段之间。第一连接段连接于壳体，第二连接段连接于端盖，主体段覆盖第一焊接部的表面。
一方面，能够进一步提高第一保护层对第一焊接部的覆盖效果，减小出现覆盖死角的风险；另一方面，第一连接部和第二连接部还能够提高第一保护层的连接牢固度，减小第一保护层脱落的风险。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，电池单体还包括电极组件，电极组件容纳于外壳。壳体包括环绕电极组件的侧壁，第一连接段连接于侧壁背向电极组件的一侧，第二连接段连接于端盖背向电极组件的一侧。
上述技术方案通过在外壳的外部对端盖与壳体进行焊接以及设置第一保护层，操作方便，难度较低，有利于降低成本。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，电池单体还包括绝缘件，绝缘件连接于侧壁背向电极组件的一侧。
绝缘件能够对外壳起到绝缘作用，减小电池单体与外部电连接部件之间发生短路的风险，从而提高电池单体的可靠性。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，第一连接段与绝缘件间隔设置，结构设计简单，制备难度较低，有利于降低成本以及提高产品良率。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，第一连接段沿自身延伸方向远离主体段的一侧边部与绝缘件相连接。
一方面，第一连接段和绝缘件均对壳体具有保护作用，能够提高壳体的可靠性；另一方面，能够有效地提高外壳的外表面的一致性，从而有利于提高电池单体的外表美观度。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，沿侧壁的厚度方向上，第一连接段背向侧壁的一侧表面与绝缘件背向侧壁的一侧表面平齐。能够有效地提高外壳的外表面的平整度，从而进一步提高电池单体的外表美观度。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，沿侧壁的厚度方向上，第一连接段与绝缘件至少部分层叠。
上述技术方案能够进一步提高第一连接段和绝缘件对侧壁的覆盖效果，减小出现覆盖死角的风险，从而进一步提高第一连接段和绝缘件对壳体的保护效果，有利于能够提高壳体的可靠性。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，第一保护层与绝缘件为一体成型结构。
一方面，无需通过额外的连接工艺将第一保护层与绝缘件进行连接，简化了制作工艺流程。同时，相比于通过额外的连接工艺将第一保护层与绝缘件进行连接，呈一体式结构的第一保护层与绝缘件之间具有更高的连接牢固度。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，侧壁设有凹部，凹部相对于侧壁的外表面凹陷，凹部的底壁与端盖焊接并形成第一焊接部，第一连接段的至少部分容纳于凹部。
上述技术方案能够减小第一焊接部和第一连接段凸出于外壳的尺寸，从而能够减小电池单体整体的体积，有利于提高电池单体的能量密度。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，沿侧壁的厚度方向上，第一连接段背向电极组件的一侧表面与侧壁背向电极组件的一侧表面平齐。能够提高侧壁的外表面的平整度，优化产品的外观。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，沿端盖的厚度方向上，第二连接段背向电极组件的一侧表面与端盖背向电极组件的一侧表面平齐。能够提高端盖的外表面的平整度，从而能够进一步优化产品的外观。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，第一连接段沿自身延伸方向远离主体段的一侧边部与第一焊接部之间的最小距离L1满足关系：L1≥0.05mm。第二连接段沿自身延伸方向远离主体段的一侧边部与第一焊接部之间的最小距离L2满足关系：L2≥0.05mm。
上述技术方案通过将第一连接段沿自身延伸方向远离主体段的一侧边部与第一焊接部之间的最小距离L1和第二连接段沿自身延伸方向远离主体段的一侧边部与第一焊接部之间的最小距离L2设置在上述范围内，能够进一步提高第一保护层对第一焊接部的覆盖效果，减小出现覆盖死角的风险，从而能够进一步提高电池单体的可靠性。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，最小距离L1满足关系：L1≥0.1mm，最小距离L2满足关系：L2≥0.1mm，以进一步减小出现覆盖死角的风险。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，外壳上设置有镀层，镀层环绕第一焊接部，第一保护层连接于镀层。
上述技术方案通过在外壳上设置镀层，镀层能够对外壳的表面起到保护作用，从而能够进一步提高外壳整体的可靠性。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，镀层的厚度d1满足关系：0.1μm≤d1≤10μm。通过将镀层的厚度d1设置在上述范围内，能够在提高外壳整体的可靠性的同时，减小镀层对电池单体整体尺寸的影响。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，镀层的厚度d1满足关系：0.5μm≤d1≤5μm，以进一步兼顾外壳整体的可靠性和电池单体的整体尺寸。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，第一焊接部包括过渡面，过渡面连接于壳体的外表面与端盖的外表面。
通过设置过渡面能够使得第一焊接部的表面与壳体的外表面之间平滑过渡，以及使得第一焊接部的表面与端盖的外表面之间平滑过渡，一方面，能够降低第一保护层的设置难度；另一方面，能够提高电池单体的整体外表平整度，有利于提高电池单体的品质。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，过渡面为圆弧面。
上述技术方案通过将第一焊接部的表面设置为圆弧面，能够在降低端盖与壳体的焊接难度的同时，降低第一保护层的制备难度，能够有效地提高产品良率。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，圆弧面的弧度R满足关系：R≥100μm。
上述技术方案通过将圆弧面的弧度R设置为满足上述关系，能够进一步降低第一保护层的制备难度以及提高产品良率。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，所述弧度R满足关系：R≥200μm。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，第一保护层的厚度d2满足关系：d2≥5μm。通过将第一保护层的厚度d2设置为满足上述关系，能够进一步提高第一保护层对第一焊接部的保护效果。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，第一保护层的厚度d2满足关系：d2≥10μm。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，第一保护层为透明结构，能够进一步优化产品的外观。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，第一保护层包括荧光件，能够进一步提高对第一保护层厚度检测的准确性。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，第一保护层包括涂覆材料，涂覆材料包括聚丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯或者环氧树脂。
上述技术方案采用涂覆材料通过涂装工艺涂覆与第一焊接部上以形成第一保护层，工艺简单，有利于降低第一保护层的制备难度，降低成本。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，涂覆材料的粘度η满足关系：1cps≤η≤2000cps。通过将涂覆材料的粘度η设置在上述范围内，能够有效地提高涂覆质量，提升产品良率。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，涂覆材料的粘度η满足关系：1cps≤η≤1000cps，以进一步提高涂覆质量和产品良率。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，第一保护层与第一焊接部之间的附着力的范围为0级至1级。
通过将第一保护层与第一焊接部之间的附着力设置为满足上述关系，能够进一步提高第一保护层与第一焊接部之间连接的可靠性，减小第一保护层脱落的风险。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，端盖上还设有第二焊接部，第二焊接部电连接于电池单体的电极组件。电池单体还包括第二保护层，第二保护层覆盖于第二焊接部的表面。
上述技术方案能够使第二焊接部与外部环境隔离，从而能够隔绝水汽，减小第二焊接部发生锈蚀的风险。并且，第二保护层自身具有一定的 硬度，从而能够减小第二焊接部发生划伤或者撞伤的风险，从而进一步提高电池单体的可靠性。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，第一保护层和第二保护层为一体成型结构。
一方面，无需通过额外的连接工艺将第一保护层和第二保护层进行连接，简化了制作工艺流程。同时，相比于通过额外的连接工艺将第一保护层和第二保护层进行连接，呈一体式结构的第一保护层和第二保护层之间具有更高的连接牢固度。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，电池单体为圆柱电池单体。
第二方面，本申请提供一种电池，其包括第一方面任一实施例提供的电池单体。
第三方面，本申请提供一种用电装置，其包括第一方面任一实施例提供的电池单体，电池单体用于提供电能。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本申请的限制。而且在整个附图中，用相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1为本申请一些实施例所提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例所提供的一种电池的爆炸结构示意图；
图3为本申请一些实施例所提供的一种电池单体的剖面结构示意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例所提供的一种电池单体的外壳的剖面结构示意图；
图5为图3的A处的局部放大结构示意图；
图6为本申请一些实施例所提供的另一种电池单体的剖面结构示意图；
图7为图6的B处的局部放大结构示意图；
图8为本申请一些实施例所提供的又一种电池单体的剖面结构示意图；
图9为图8的C处的局部放大结构示意图；
图10为本申请一些实施例所提供的再一种电池单体的剖面结构示意图；
图11为图10的D处的局部放大结构示意图；
图12为本申请一些实施例所提供的还一种电池单体的剖面结构示意图；
图13为图12的E处的局部放大结构示意图。
具体实施方式中的附图标号如下：
1、车辆；2、电池；3、控制器；4、马达；5、箱体；7、电池单体；
10、外壳；11、壳体；111、开口；112、侧壁；1121、凹部；12、端盖；121、第二焊接部；13、第一焊接部；131、过渡面；14、镀层；20、第一保护层；21、第一连接段；22、主体段；23、第二连接段；30、电极组件；40、绝缘件；50、第二保护层；60、集流件。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结 构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中术语“平行”不仅包括绝对平行的情况，也包括了工程上常规认知的大致平行的情况；同时，“垂直”也不仅包括绝对垂直的情况，还包括工程上常规认知的大致垂直的情况。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池单体、锂离子一次电池单体、锂硫电池单体、钠锂离子电池单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电池单体等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池可以包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。电池单体有多个时，多个电池单体通过汇流部件串联、并联或混联。
在一些实施例中，电池可以为电池模块；电池单体有多个时，多个电 池单体排列并固定形成一个电池模块。
在一些实施例中，电池可以为电池包，电池包包括箱体和电池单体，电池单体或电池模块容纳于箱体中。
在一些实施例中，箱体可以作为车辆的底盘结构的一部分。例如，箱体的部分可以成为车辆的地板的至少一部分，或者，箱体的部分可以成为车辆的横梁和纵梁的至少一部分。
在一些实施例中，电池可以为储能装置。储能装置包括储能集装箱、储能电柜等。
电池单体一般包括电极组件。电极组件包括正极、负极以及隔离件。在电池单体充放电过程中，活性离子(例如锂离子)在正极和负极之间往返嵌入和脱出。隔离件设置在正极和负极之间，可以起到防止正负极短路的作用，同时可以使活性离子通过。
在一些实施例中，正极可以为正极片，正极片可以包括正极集流体以及设置在正极集流体至少一个表面的正极活性材料。
作为示例，正极集流体具有在其自身厚度方向相对的两个表面，正极活性材料设置在正极集流体相对的两个表面的任意一者或两者上。
作为示例，正极集流体可采用金属箔片或复合集流体。例如，作为金属箔片，可采用银表面处理不锈钢、铜、铝、镍、炭精电极、碳、镍或钛等。复合集流体可包括高分子材料基层和金属层。复合集流体可通过将金属材料(铝、铝合金、镍、镍合金、钛、钛合金、银及银合金等)形成在高分子材料基材(如聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯等)上。
作为示例，正极活性材料可包括以下材料中的至少一种：含锂磷酸盐、锂过渡金属氧化物及其各自的改性化合物。但本申请并不限定于这些材料，还可以使用其他可被用作电池正极活性材料的传统材料。这些正极活性材料可以仅单独使用一种，也可以将两种以上组合使用。
在一些实施例中，正极可以采用泡沫碳或泡沫金属。泡沫金属可以为泡沫镍、泡沫铜、泡沫铝或泡沫合金等。泡沫金属作为正极时，泡沫金属表面可以不设置正极活性材料，当然也可以设置正极活性材料。作为示例， 在泡沫金属内还可以填充或/和沉积有锂源材料、钾金属或钠金属，锂源材料为锂金属和/或富锂材料。
在一些实施例中，负极可以为负极片，负极片可以包括负极集流体。
作为示例，负极集流体可采用金属箔片或复合集流体。例如，作为金属箔片，可以采用银表面处理的不锈钢、铜、铝、镍、炭精电极、碳、镍或钛等。复合集流体可包括高分子材料基层和金属层。复合集流体可通过将金属材料(铜、铜合金、镍、镍合金、钛、钛合金、银及银合金等)形成在高分子材料基材(如聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯等)上。
作为示例，负极片可以包括负极集流体以及设置在负极集流体至少一个表面上的负极活性材料。
作为示例，负极集流体具有在其自身厚度方向相对的两个表面，负极活性材料设置在负极集流体相对的两个表面中的任意一者或两者上。
作为示例，负极活性材料可采用本领域公知的用于电池单体的负极活性材料。作为示例，负极活性材料可包括以下材料中的至少一种：人造石墨、天然石墨、软炭、硬炭、硅基材料、锡基材料和钛酸锂等。
在一些实施例中，负极可以采用泡沫碳或泡沫金属。泡沫金属可以为泡沫镍、泡沫铜、泡沫铝或泡沫合金等。泡沫金属作为负极片时，泡沫金属表面可以不设置负极活性材料，当然也可以设置负极活性材料。
作为示例，在负极集流体内还可以填充或/和沉积有锂源材料、钾金属或钠金属，锂源材料为锂金属和/或富锂材料。
在一些实施例中，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，负极集流体的材料可以为铜。
在一些实施方式中，电极组件还包括隔离件，隔离件设置在正极和负极之间。
在一些实施方式中，隔离件为隔离膜。隔离膜可以选用任意公知的具有良好的化学稳定性和机械稳定性的多孔结构隔离膜。
作为示例，隔离膜的主要材质可选自玻璃纤维、无纺布、聚乙烯、聚丙烯及聚偏二氟乙烯，陶瓷中的至少一种。
在一些实施方式中，隔离件为固态电解质。固态电解质设于正极和负极之间，同时起到传输离子和隔离正负极的作用。
在一些实施方式中，电池单体还包括电解质，电解质在正、负极之间起到传导离子的作用。电解质可以是液态的、凝胶态的或固态的。
在一些实施方式中，电极组件为卷绕结构。正极片、负极片卷绕成卷绕结构。
在一些实施方式中，电极组件为叠片结构。
作为示例，正极片、负极片可分别设置多个，多个正极片和多个负极片交替层叠设置。
作为示例，正极片可设置多个，负极片折叠形成多个层叠设置的折叠段，相邻的折叠段之间夹持一个正极片。
作为示例，正极片和负极片均折叠形成多个层叠设置的折叠段。
作为示例，隔离件可设置多个，分别设置在任意相邻的正极片或负极片之间。
作为示例，隔离件可连续地设置，通过折叠或者卷绕方式设置在任意相邻的正极片或负极片之间。
在一些实施方式中，电极组件的形状可以为圆柱状，扁平状或多棱柱状等。
在一些实施方式中，电极组件设有极耳，极耳可以将电流从电极组件导出。极耳包括正极耳和负极耳。
随着新能源技术的发展，电池的应用越来越广泛，例如应用于手机、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机、电动轮船、电动玩具汽车、电动玩具轮船、电动玩具飞机和电动工具等上。
在电池单体中，外壳作为电池单体的重要部件，对电池单体的稳定可靠的运行至关重要，外壳的可靠性直接影响到电池单体的品质。目前，通常采用将壳体和端盖焊接以形成外壳，壳体和端盖之间的焊接区域的可靠性较弱，在电池单体的运输、存储以及实用过程中，焊接区域容易发生锈蚀或者损坏，从而影响电池单体的可靠性。
基于以上考虑，本申请设计了一种电池单体，电池单体包括外壳和第 一保护层，外壳包括壳体和端盖，壳体具有开口，端盖盖合于开口，端盖焊接于壳体并形成第一焊接部，第一保护层覆盖第一焊接部的表面。如此，第一保护层能够对第一焊接部起到保护作用，减小了第一焊接部发生锈蚀或者损坏的风险，从而能够有效地提高电池单体的可靠性。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池以及使用电池的用电装置。
用电装置可以是但不局限于车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是但不局限于燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是但不局限于纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括但不局限于飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括但不局限于固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括但不局限于金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。
应理解，本申请实施例描述的技术方案不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的电池和用电设备，还可以适用于所有包括电池箱体的电池以及使用电池的用电设备，但为描述简洁，下述实施例均以电动车辆为例进行说明。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图。
继续参考图1，车辆1的内部设置有电池2，电池2可以设置在车辆1的底部或头部或尾部。电池2可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池2可以作为车辆1的操作电源。
车辆1还可以包括控制器3和马达4，控制器3用来控制电池2为马达4供电，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池2不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸示意图。
继续参考图2，电池2包括箱体5和电池单体7，电池单体7容纳于箱体5内。
箱体5用于容纳电池单体，箱体5可以是多种结构，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池2中，电池单体7可以是一个，也可以是多个。若电池单体7为多个，多个电池单体7之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体7中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体7之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体7构成的整体容纳于箱体5内；当然，也可以是多个电池单体7先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体5内。
图3为本申请一些实施例所提供的一种电池单体的剖面结构示意图，图4为本申请一些实施例所提供的一种电池单体的外壳的剖面结构示意图，图5为图3的A处的局部放大结构示意图。
继续参考图3至图5，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体7，电池单体7包括外壳10和第一保护层20，外壳10包括壳体11和端盖12，壳体11具有开口111，端盖12盖合于开口111，端盖12焊接于壳体11并形成第一焊接部13，第一保护层20覆盖第一焊接部13的表面。
壳体11是用于配合端盖12以形成电池单体7的内部环境的组件，其中，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电极组件30、电解液以及其他部件。
可选地，壳体11可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，可以是但不局限于长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。其中，壳体11的形状可以根据电极组件30的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。
可选地，壳体11的材质可以是但不局限于铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等。
端盖12是指盖合于壳体11的开口111处以将电池单体7的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件，端盖12的形状可以与壳体11的形状相适应以配合壳体11。
可选地，端盖12可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质制成，可以是但不局限于铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等。这样，端盖12在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体7能够具备更高的结构强度，可靠性也可以有所提高。作为示例，端盖12和壳体11可以是由同种材料制成的， 以简化制备工艺流程，有利于降低成本。
作为示例，端盖12上可以设置有如电极端子等的功能性部件，电极端子可以用于与电极组件30电连接，以用于输出或输入电池单体7的电能。
作为示例，端盖12上还可以设置有用于在电池单体7的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放内部压力的泄压机构。
作为示例，在端盖12的内侧还可以设置有绝缘构件，绝缘构件可以用于隔离壳体11内的电连接部件与端盖12，以降低短路的风险。可选地，绝缘构件可以是塑料、橡胶等。
示例性地，端盖12与壳体11之间通过焊接连接，在端盖12与壳体11的连接处形成第一连接部。第一保护层20覆盖第一焊接部13的表面，以使第一焊接部13与外部环境隔离，从而能够隔绝水汽，减小第一焊接部13发生锈蚀的风险。并且，第一保护层20自身具有一定的硬度，从而能够减小第一焊接部13发生划伤或者撞伤的风险。
可选地，第一焊接部13可以是位于外壳10的内部，有利于提高电池单体7的外表美观度；第一焊接部13也可以是位于外壳10的外部，方便焊接操作，有利于降低焊接难度。作为示例，在第一焊接部13位于外壳10的内部的情况下，端盖12上可以设置有焊接孔，焊接孔沿端盖12的厚度方向上贯穿端盖12，在端盖12盖合于壳体11的开口111后，焊枪可以通过焊接孔在外壳10的内部对端盖12和壳体11进行焊接；在第一焊接部13位于外壳10的外部的情况下，焊枪直接在外壳10的外部对端盖12和壳体11进行焊接。
可选地，第一焊接部13可以是位于外壳10的内部，有利于提高电池单体7的外表美观度；第一焊接部13也可以是位于外壳10的外部，方便焊接操作，有利于降低焊接难度。作为示例，在第一焊接部13位于外壳10的内部的情况下，端盖12上可以设置有焊接孔，焊接孔沿端盖12的厚度方向上贯穿端盖12，在端盖12盖合于壳体11的开口111后，焊枪可以通过焊接孔在外壳10的内部对端盖12和壳体11进行焊接；在第一焊接部13位于外壳10的外部的情况下，焊枪直接在外壳10的外部对端盖12和壳体11进行焊接。
可选地，第一保护层20可以直接与第一焊接部13相连接，也可以通过其它部件限制在第一焊接部13上。作为示例，第一保护层20与第一焊接部13之间的连接方式可以是但不局限于粘接、铆接或者螺栓连接等。
可选地，第一保护层20可以是但不局限于由金属或者非金属材料制成的，例如，金属材料可以是铜、铝或者不锈钢等；非金属材料可以是丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、聚乙烯、聚丙烯或者聚氯乙烯等。
上述技术方案通过设置第一保护层20，第一保护层20覆盖第一焊接部13的表面，减小第一焊接部13发生锈蚀或者损伤的风险，从而能够有效提高电池单体7的可靠性。
在一些可选地实施例中，电池单体7可以是但不局限于圆柱电池单体7或者方型电池单体7。
在一些实施例中，第一保护层20包括相连接的第一连接段21、主体段22和第二连接段23，主体段22位于第一连接段21和第二连接段23之间。第一连接段21连接于壳体11，第二连接段23连接于端盖12，主体段22覆盖第一焊接部13的表面。
示例性地，第一连接段21从主体段22沿靠近壳体11的方向延伸且与壳体11连接，第二连接段23从主体段22沿靠近端盖12的方向延伸且与端盖12连接。一方面，能够进一步提高第一保护层20对第一焊接部13的覆盖效果，减小出现覆盖死角的风险；另一方面，第一连接部和第二连接部还能够提高第一保护层20的连接牢固度，减小第一保护层20脱落的风险。
可选地，第一连接段21可以直接与壳体11相连接，也可以通过其它部件限制在壳体11上。作为示例，第一连接段21与壳体11之间的连接方式可以是但不局限于粘接、铆接或者螺栓连接等。
可选地，第二连接段23可以直接与端盖12相连接，也可以通过其它部件限制在端盖12上。作为示例，第二连接段23与端盖12之间的连接方式可以是但不局限于粘接、铆接或者螺栓连接等。
在一些实施例中，电池单体7还包括电极组件30，电极组件30容纳于外壳10。壳体11包括环绕电极组件30的侧壁112，第一连接段21连接于 侧壁112背向电极组件30的一侧，第二连接段23连接于端盖12背向电极组件30的一侧。
电极组件30是电池单体7中发生电化学反应的部件。外壳10内可以包含一个或更多个电极组件30。电极组件30主要由正极片和负极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常在正极片与负极片之间设有隔膜。正极片和负极片具有活性物质的部分构成电极组件30的主体部，正极片和负极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成极耳。正极极耳和负极极耳可以共同位于主体部的一端或是分别位于主体部的两端。在电池的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳连接电极端子以形成电流回路。
示例性地，第一焊接部13位于外壳10的外部，第一连接段21从主体段22沿靠近壳体11的方向延伸且连接于侧壁112背向电极组件30的一侧，第二连接段23从主体段22沿靠近端盖12的方向延伸且连接于端盖12背向电极组件30的一侧。从外壳10的外部对端盖12和壳体11进行焊接以及设置第一保护层20，操作方便，难度较低，有利于降低成本。
在一些实施例中，电池单体7还包括绝缘件40，绝缘件40连接于侧壁112背向电极组件30的一侧。
示例性地，绝缘件40能够对外壳10起到绝缘作用，减小电池单体7与外部电连接部件之间发生短路的风险，从而提高电池单体7的可靠性。
可选地，绝缘件40可以直接与侧壁112相连接，也可以通过其它部件限制在侧壁112上。作为示例，绝缘件40与侧壁112之间的连接方式可以是但不局限于粘接、铆接或者螺栓连接等。
可选地，绝缘件40可以使但不局限于膜层结构体、片状结构体或者块状结构体等。
可选地，绝缘件40可以是但不局限于由聚丙烯、聚乙烯或者聚丁烯等材料制成的。其中，绝缘件40还可以包括阻燃剂、抗氧化剂等，以提高绝缘件40的性能。
在一些实施例中，第一连接段21与绝缘件40间隔设置。
示例性地，沿侧壁112所在平面的方向上，第一连接部与绝缘件40之 间具有一定的距离，换言之，第一保护层20与绝缘件40相互独立不连接。如此设置，结构设计简单，制备难度较低，有利于降低成本以及提高产品良率。
在一些实施例中，第一连接段21沿自身延伸方向远离主体段22的一侧边部与绝缘件40相连接。
示例性地，第一连接段21与绝缘件40拼接，换言之，第一连接段21和绝缘件40沿侧壁112的厚度方向上共同将侧壁112的外表面进行覆盖。一方面，第一连接段21和绝缘件40均对壳体11具有保护作用，能够提高壳体11的可靠性；另一方面，能够有效地提高外壳10的外表面的一致性，从而有利于提高电池单体7的外表美观度。
在一些实施例中，沿侧壁112的厚度方向上，第一连接段21背向侧壁112的一侧表面与绝缘件40背向侧壁112的一侧表面平齐。
示例性地，第一连接段21背向侧壁112的一侧表面与绝缘件40背向侧壁112的一侧表面位于同一平面上，能够有效地提高外壳10的外表面的平整度，从而进一步提高电池单体7的外表美观度。
图6为本申请一些实施例所提供的另一种电池单体7的剖面结构示意图，图7为图6的B处的局部放大结构示意图，图8为图6的B处端盖12与壳体11焊接前的局部放大结构示意图。
继续参考图6至图8，在一些实施例中，沿侧壁112的厚度方向上，第一连接段21与绝缘件40至少部分层叠。
示例性地，第一连接段21和绝缘件40沿侧壁112的厚度方向上共同将侧壁112的外表面进行覆盖，并且第一连接段21与绝缘件40之间存在重叠，能够进一步提高第一连接段21和绝缘件40对侧壁112的覆盖效果，减小出现覆盖死角的风险，从而进一步提高第一连接段21和绝缘件40对壳体11的保护效果，有利于能够提高壳体11的可靠性。
图8为本申请一些实施例所提供的又一种电池单体的剖面结构示意图，图9为图8的C处的局部放大结构示意图。
继续参考图8和图9，在一些实施例中，第一保护层20与绝缘件40为一体成型结构。
示例性地，可以通过在第一保护层20中设置具有绝缘性能的结构体，也可以是将第一保护层20设置为双层结构，其中一层结构为第一焊接部13的保护层，另一层为绝缘层。
如此，一方面，无需通过额外的连接工艺将第一保护层20与绝缘件40进行连接，简化了制作工艺流程。同时，相比于通过额外的连接工艺将第一保护层20与绝缘件40进行连接，呈一体式结构的第一保护层20与绝缘件40之间具有更高的连接牢固度。
继续参考图6至图7，在一些实施例中，侧壁112设有凹部1121，凹部1121相对于侧壁112的外表面凹陷。凹部1121的底壁与端盖12焊接并形成第一焊接部13，第一连接段21的至少部分容纳于凹部1121。
示例性地，凹部1121可以是由侧壁112的外表面沿侧壁112的厚度方向凹陷形成，端盖12与凹部1121的底壁焊接后，凹部1121能够提供容纳空间，以使第一焊接部13能够容纳于凹部1121内，并且第一连接段21覆盖于第一焊接部13后，第一连接段21的至少部分容纳于凹部1121内，能够减小第一焊接部13和第一连接段21凸出于外壳10的尺寸，从而能够减小电池单体7整体的体积，有利于提高电池单体7的能量密度。
可选地，第一连接段21可以是部分容纳于凹部1121内，第一连接段21也可以是全部容纳于凹部1121内。
可选地，凹部1121与侧壁112可以是一体成型结构，能够简化制备工艺流程，有利于降低成本。
在一些实施例中，沿侧壁112的厚度方向上，第一连接段21背向电极组件30的一侧表面与侧壁112背向电极组件30的一侧表面平齐，能够提高侧壁112的外表面的平整度，优化产品的外观。
在一些实施例中，沿端盖12的厚度方向上，第二连接段23背向电极组件30的一侧表面与端盖12背向电极组件30的一侧表面平齐。
示例性地，凹部1121能够提供容纳空间，在端盖12与凹部1121的底壁焊接的过程中，端盖12与凹部1121的底壁的连接处的材料会先熔化，熔化后的流体会朝向凹部1121流动，待熔化后的流体凝固形成第一焊接部13后，第一焊接部13与端盖12背向电极组件30的一侧表面之间会存在一 定的距离。
如此，上述技术方案将第一保护层20覆盖于第一焊接部13后，通过使第二连接段23背向电极组件30的一侧表面与端盖12背向电极组件30的一侧表面平齐，能够提高端盖12的外表面的平整度，从而能够进一步优化产品的外观。
在一些实施例中，第一连接段21沿自身延伸方向远离主体段22的一侧边部与第一焊接部13之间的最小距离L1满足关系：L1≥0.05mm。
示例性地，第一连接段21沿自身延伸方向远离主体段22的一侧边部与第一焊接部13之间的最小距离可以理解为，第一连接段21的外沿超出第一焊接部13的边缘的尺寸。
作为示例，上述最小距离L1可以是但不局限于0.05mm、0.06mm、0.07mm、0.08mm、0.09mm、0.1mm、0.2mm、0.3mm、0.4mm、0.5mm、0.6mm、0.7mm、0.8mm、0.9mm、1mm、1.1mm、1.2mm、1.3mm、1.4mm、1.5mm等。
上述技术方案通过将第一连接段21沿自身延伸方向远离主体段22的一侧边部与第一焊接部13之间的最小距离L1设置在上述范围内，能够进一步提高第一保护层20对第一焊接部13的覆盖效果，减小出现覆盖死角的风险，从而能够进一步提高电池单体7的可靠性。
进一步地，第一连接段21沿自身延伸方向远离主体段22的一侧边部与第一焊接部13之间的最小距离L1满足关系：L1≥0.1mm，以进一步减小出现覆盖死角的风险。
作为示例，上述最小距离L1可以是但不局限于0.1mm、0.2mm、0.3mm、0.4mm、0.5mm、0.6mm、0.7mm、0.8mm、0.9mm、1mm、1.1mm、1.2mm、1.3mm、1.4mm、1.5mm等。
在一些实施例中，第二连接段23沿自身延伸方向远离主体段22的一侧边部与第一焊接部13之间的最小距离L2满足关系：L2≥0.05mm。
示例性地，第二连接段23沿自身延伸方向远离主体段22的一侧边部与第一焊接部13之间的最小距离可以理解为，第二连接段23的外沿超出第一焊接部13的边缘的尺寸。
作为示例，上述最小距离L2可以是但不局限于0.05mm、0.06mm、0.07mm、0.08mm、0.09mm、0.1mm、0.2mm、0.3mm、0.4mm、0.5mm、0.6mm、0.7mm、0.8mm、0.9mm、1mm、1.1mm、1.2mm、1.3mm、1.4mm、1.5mm等。
上述技术方案通过将第二连接段23沿自身延伸方向远离主体段22的一侧边部与第一焊接部13之间的最小距离L2设置在上述范围内，能够进一步提高第一保护层20对第一焊接部13的覆盖效果，减小出现覆盖死角的风险，从而能够进一步提高电池单体7的可靠性。
进一步地，第二连接段23沿自身延伸方向远离主体段22的一侧边部与第一焊接部13之间的最小距离L2满足关系：L2≥0.1mm，以进一步减小出现覆盖死角的风险。
作为示例，上述最小距离L2可以是但不局限于0.1mm、0.2mm、0.3mm、0.4mm、0.5mm、0.6mm、0.7mm、0.8mm、0.9mm、1mm、1.1mm、1.2mm、1.3mm、1.4mm、1.5mm等。
图10为本申请一些实施例所提供的再一种电池单体的剖面结构示意图，图11为图10的D处的局部放大结构示意图。
继续参考图10至图11，在一些实施例中，外壳10上设置有镀层14，镀层14环绕第一焊接部13，第一保护层20连接于镀层14。
示例性地，第一保护层20连接于镀层14，可以是第一保护层20的外沿与镀层14的边缘相连接，换言之，第一保护层20与镀层14拼接；也可以是第一保护层20与镀层14层叠设置，第一保护层20连接于镀层14的外表面，换言之，第一保护层20连接于镀层14背向电极组件30的一侧表面。
可选地，可以是端盖12上设置有镀层14，镀层14覆盖于端盖12的表面；也可以是壳体11上设置有镀层14，镀层14覆盖于壳体11的表面；还可以是端盖12和壳体11上均设置有镀层14，镀层14覆盖于外壳10的整个表面上。
可选地，镀层14可以直接与外壳10相连接，也可以通过其它部件限制在外壳10上。作为示例，镀层14与外壳10之间的连接方式可以是但不 局限于粘接、铆接或者螺栓连接等。
可选地，镀层14可以是但不局限于由金属或者非金属材料制成的，例如，金属材料可以是镍、铜、铝或者不锈钢等；非金属材料可以是丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、聚乙烯、聚丙烯或者聚氯乙烯等。
上述技术方案通过在外壳10上设置镀层14，镀层14能够对外壳10的表面起到保护作用，从而能够进一步提高外壳10整体的可靠性。
在一些实施例中，镀层14的厚度d1满足关系：0.1μm≤d1≤10μm。
示例性地，镀层14的厚度d1可以是但不局限于0.1μm、0.2μm、0.3μm、0.4μm、0.5μm、0.8μm、1μm、1.2μm、1.5μm、1.8μm、2μm、2.2μm、2.5μm、2.8μm、3μm、3.2μm、3.5μm、3.8μm、4μm、4.2μm、4.5μm、4.8μm、5μm、6μm、7μm、8μm、9μm、10μm等。
通过将镀层14的厚度d1设置在上述范围内，能够在提高外壳10整体的可靠性的同时，减小镀层14对电池单体7整体尺寸的影响。
进一步地，镀层14的厚度d1满足关系：0.5μm≤d1≤5μm，以进一步兼顾外壳10整体的可靠性和电池单体7的整体尺寸。
示例性地，镀层14的厚度d1可以是但不局限于0.5μm、0.8μm、1μm、1.2μm、1.5μm、1.8μm、2μm、2.2μm、2.5μm、2.8μm、3μm、3.2μm、3.5μm、3.8μm、4μm、4.2μm、4.5μm、4.8μm、5μm等。
在一些实施例中，第一焊接部13包括过渡面131，过渡面131连接于壳体11的外表面和端盖12的外表面。
过渡面131指的是与壳体11的外表面和端盖12的外表面相连接的第一焊接部13的至少部分表面。通过设置过渡面131能够使得第一焊接部13的表面与壳体11的外表面之间平滑过渡，以及使得第一焊接部13的表面与端盖12的外表面之间平滑过渡，一方面，能够降低第一保护层20的设置难度；另一方面，能够提高电池单体7的整体外表平整度，有利于提高电池单体7的品质。
在一些实施例中，过渡面131为圆弧面。
可以理解的是，在端盖12与壳体11焊接的过程中，相对于第一焊接部13的表面为平整面，第一焊接部13的表面为圆弧面时的焊接难度较低。 但是，圆弧面相对于平整面的张力较大，使得第一保护层20的设置难度较大。如此，通过增大圆弧面的弧度，能够使得圆弧面的表面张力相应降低，从而能够进一步降低第一保护层20的设置难度。
在一些实施例中，圆弧面的弧度R满足关系：R≥100μm。
作为示例，圆弧面的弧度R可以是但不局限于100μm、150μm、200μm、250μm、300μm、350μm、400μm、450μm、500μm、550μm、600μm、750μm、800μm、850μm、900μm、950μm、1000μm等。
上述技术方案通过将圆弧面的弧度R设置为满足上述关系，能够进一步降低第一保护层20的制备难度以及提高产品良率。
进一步地，圆弧面的弧度R满足关系：R≥200μm。
作为示例，圆弧面的弧度R可以是但不局限于200μm、250μm、300μm、350μm、400μm、450μm、500μm、550μm、600μm、750μm、800μm、850μm、900μm、950μm、1000μm等。
在一些实施例中，第一保护层20的厚度d2满足关系：d2≥5μm。
示例性地，第一保护层20的厚度d2可以是但不局限于5μm、6μm、7μm、8μm、9μm、10μm、15μm、20μm、25μm、30μm、35μm、40μm、45μm、50μm、55μm、60μm、65μm、70μm等。
上述技术方案通过将第一保护层20的厚度d2设置为满足上述关系，能够进一步提高第一保护层20对第一焊接部13的保护效果。
进一步地，第一保护层20的厚度d2满足关系：d2≥10μm。
示例性地，第一保护层20的厚度d2可以是但不局限于10μm、15μm、20μm、25μm、30μm、35μm、40μm、45μm、50μm、55μm、60μm、65μm、70μm等。
示例性地，可以通过对标灰度值的方法检测第一保护层20的厚度。其中，可以设定第一保护层20厚度的下限值的灰度值为阈值，高于该阈值，则可判定第一保护层20的厚度不足；低于该阈值，则可判定第一保护层20的厚度达标。
在一些实施例中，第一保护层20为透明结构。
示例性地，第一保护层20可以是由透明材料制成的，能够进一步优化 产品的外观。
在一些实施例中，第一保护层20包括荧光件。
示例性地，通过设置荧光件，可以通过对标荧光值的方法检测第一保护层20的厚度。其中，可以设定第一保护层20厚度的下限值的荧光值为阈值，高于该阈值，则可判定第一保护层20的厚度不足；低于该阈值，则可判定第一保护层20的厚度达标，能够进一步提高对第一保护层20厚度检测的准确性。
在一些实施例中，第一保护层20包括涂覆材料，涂覆材料包括聚丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯或者环氧树脂。
示例性地，采用涂覆材料通过涂装工艺涂覆与第一焊接部13上以形成第一保护层20，工艺简单，有利于降低第一保护层20的制备难度，降低成本。可选地，涂装工艺可以是但不局限于喷涂、打印或者点胶等。
在一些实施例中，涂覆材料的粘度η满足关系：1cps≤η≤2000cps。
示例性地，涂覆材料的粘度η可以是但不局限于1cps、50cps、100cps、150cps、200cps、250cps、300cps、350cps、400cps、450cps、500cps、550cps、600cps、650cps、700cps、750cps、800cps、850cps、900cps、950cps、1000cps、1200cps、1400cps、1600cps、1800cps、2000cps等。
对于涂覆材料的粘度的测定可以通过按照国家标准GB/T 24148.4-2009利用旋转粘度计测定获得，其具体测定方法可参照国家标准GB/T 24148.4-2009进行，此处不再赘述。
上述技术方案通过将涂覆材料的粘度η设置在上述范围内，能够有效地提高涂覆质量，提升产品良率。
进一步地，涂覆材料的粘度η满足关系：1cps≤η≤1000cps，以进一步提高涂覆质量和产品良率。
示例性地，涂覆材料的粘度η可以是但不局限于1cps、50cps、100cps、150cps、200cps、250cps、300cps、350cps、400cps、450cps、500cps、550cps、600cps、650cps、700cps、750cps、800cps、850cps、900cps、950cps、1000cps等。
在一些实施例中，第一保护层20与第一焊接部13之间的附着力的范 围为0级至1级。
示例性地，附着力指的是涂层与被涂物件表面通过物理和化学力的作用结合在一起的坚牢程度，上述附着力的等级采用的是国标标准ISO2409划格法测试。
通过将第一保护层20与第一焊接部13之间的附着力设置为满足上述关系，能够进一步提高第一保护层20与第一焊接部13之间连接的可靠性，减小第一保护层20脱落的风险。
图12为本申请一些实施例所提供的还一种电池单体的剖面结构示意图，图13为图12的E处的局部放大结构示意图。
继续参考图12至图13，在一些实施例中，端盖12上还设有第二焊接部121，第二焊接部121电连接于电池单体7的电极组件30。电池单体7还包括第二保护层50，第二保护层50覆盖于第二焊接部121的表面。
示例性地，电极组件30包括主体部和极耳，电极组件30通过极耳与端盖12之间的电连接以实现与外部电器件的连接。其中，端盖12与电极组件30之间可以是通过焊接的方式实现电连接，如此，端盖12与电极组件30焊接以在端盖12上形成第二焊接部121。
如上所述，第二保护层50覆盖于第二焊接部121的表面，换言之，第二保护层50从端盖12的外侧覆盖第二焊接部121，以使第二焊接部121与外部环境隔离，从而能够隔绝水汽，减小第二焊接部121发生锈蚀的风险。并且，第二保护层50自身具有一定的硬度，从而能够减小第二焊接部121发生划伤或者撞伤的风险，从而进一步提高电池单体7的可靠性。
在一些实施例中，第一保护层20和第二保护层50为一体成型结构，一方面，无需通过额外的连接工艺将第一保护层20和第二保护层50进行连接，简化了制作工艺流程。同时，相比于通过额外的连接工艺将第一保护层20和第二保护层50进行连接，呈一体式结构的第一保护层20和第二保护层50之间具有更高的连接牢固度。
在一些实施例中，电池单体7还包括集流件60，集流件60连接于端盖12和电极组件30之间，集流件60焊接于第二焊接部121。
示例性地，集流件60设置于电极组件30和端盖12之间，端盖12、集 流件60和电极组件30三者之间通过焊接连接并形成第二焊接部121，以实现端盖12、集流件60和电极组件30三者之间的电连接，集流件60能够提高电极组件30与端盖12之间电连接的稳定性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种电池，包括以上任一方案的电池单体7。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种用电装置，包括以上任一方案的电池单体7，电池单体7用于提供电能。
为更好地理解本申请实施例提供的电池单体7，基于相同的发明构思，在此提供上述电池单体7在实际应用中的实施例进行说明。
本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体7，电池单体7包括外壳10、电极组件30、第一保护层20和绝缘件40，电极组件30容纳于外壳10。外壳10包括壳体11和端盖12，壳体11具有开口111，壳体11包括环绕电极组件30的侧壁112，侧壁112设有凹部1121，凹部1121相对于侧壁112的外表面凹陷，端盖12盖合于开口111，端盖12焊接于凹部1121的底壁并形成第一焊接部13。第一保护层20包括相连接的第一连接段21、主体段22和第二连接段23，主体段22位于第一连接段21和第二连接段23之间。第一连接段21连接于侧壁112背向电极组件30的一侧，第二连接段23连接于端盖12背向电极组件30的一侧，主体段22覆盖第一焊接部13的表面。绝缘件40连接于侧壁112背向电极组件30的一侧。
第一连接段21与绝缘件40间隔设置，或者，第一连接段21沿自身延伸方向远离主体段22的一侧边部与绝缘件40相连接，或者，沿侧壁112的厚度方向上，第一连接段21与绝缘件40至少部分层叠，或者，第一保护层20与绝缘件40为一体成型结构。
上述技术方案通过设置第一保护层20，第一保护层20覆盖第一焊接部13的表面，减小第一焊接部13发生锈蚀或者损伤的风险，从而能够有效提高电池单体7的可靠性。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (34)

  1. 一种电池单体，包括：
    外壳，包括壳体和端盖，所述壳体具有开口，所述端盖盖合于所述开口，所述端盖焊接于所述壳体并形成第一焊接部；
    第一保护层，覆盖所述第一焊接部的表面。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一保护层包括相连接的第一连接段、主体段和第二连接段，所述主体段位于所述第一连接段和所述第二连接段之间；
    所述第一连接段连接于所述壳体，所述第二连接段连接于所述端盖，所述主体段覆盖所述第一焊接部的表面。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体还包括电极组件，所述电极组件容纳于所述外壳；
    所述壳体包括环绕所述电极组件的侧壁，所述第一连接段连接于所述侧壁背向所述电极组件的一侧，所述第二连接段连接于所述端盖背向所述电极组件的一侧。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体还包括绝缘件，所述绝缘件连接于所述侧壁背向所述电极组件的一侧。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一连接段与所述绝缘件间隔设置。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一连接段沿自身延伸方向远离所述主体段的一侧边部与所述绝缘件相连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述侧壁的厚度方向上，所述第一连接段背向所述侧壁的一侧表面与所述绝缘件背向所述侧壁的一侧表面平齐。
  8. 根据权利要求4-7任一项所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述侧壁的厚度方向上，所述第一连接段与所述绝缘件至少部分层叠。
  9. 根据权利要求4-8任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一保护层与所述绝缘件为一体成型结构。
  10. 根据权利要求3-9任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述侧壁设有凹 部，所述凹部相对于所述侧壁的外表面凹陷；
    所述凹部的底壁与所述端盖焊接并形成所述第一焊接部，所述第一连接段的至少部分容纳于所述凹部。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述侧壁的厚度方向上，所述第一连接段背向所述电极组件的一侧表面与所述侧壁背向所述电极组件的一侧表面平齐。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述端盖的厚度方向上，所述第二连接段背向所述电极组件的一侧表面与所述端盖背向所述电极组件的一侧表面平齐。
  13. 根据权利要求2-12任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一连接段沿自身延伸方向远离所述主体段的一侧边部与所述第一焊接部之间的最小距离L1满足关系：L1≥0.05mm；
    所述第二连接段沿自身延伸方向远离所述主体段的一侧边部与所述第一焊接部之间的最小距离L2满足关系：L2≥0.05mm。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池单体，其中，所述最小距离L1满足关系：L1≥0.1mm，所述最小距离L2满足关系：L2≥0.1mm。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳上设置有镀层，所述镀层环绕所述第一焊接部，所述第一保护层连接于所述镀层。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电池单体，其中，所述镀层的厚度d1满足关系：0.1μm≤d1≤10μm。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电池单体，其中，所述镀层的厚度d1满足关系：0.5μm≤d1≤5μm。
  18. 根据权利要求1-17任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一焊接部包括过渡面，所述过渡面连接于所述壳体的外表面与所述端盖的外表面。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的电池单体，其中，所述过渡面为圆弧面。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的电池单体，其中，所述圆弧面的弧度R满足关系：R≥100μm。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的电池单体，其中，所述弧度R满足关系：R≥200μm。
  22. 根据权利要求1-21任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一保护层的厚度d2满足关系：d2≥5μm。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一保护层的厚度d2满足关系：d2≥10μm。
  24. 根据权利要求1-23任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一保护层为透明结构。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一保护层包括荧光件。
  26. 根据权利要求1-25任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一保护层包括涂覆材料，所述涂覆材料包括聚丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯或者环氧树脂。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的电池单体，其中，所述涂覆材料的粘度η满足关系：1cps≤η≤2000cps。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的电池单体，其中，所述涂覆材料的粘度η满足关系：1cps≤η≤1000cps。
  29. 根据权利要求1-28任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一保护层与第一焊接部之间的附着力的范围为0级至1级。
  30. 根据权利要求1-29任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述端盖上还设有第二焊接部，所述第二焊接部电连接于所述电池单体的电极组件；
    所述电池单体还包括第二保护层，所述第二保护层覆盖于所述第二焊接部的表面。
  31. 根据权利要求30所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一保护层和所述第二保护层为一体成型结构。
  32. 根据权利要求1-31任一所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体为圆柱电池单体。
  33. 一种电池，包括如权利要求1-32任一所述的电池单体。
  34. 一种用电装置，包括如权利要求1-32任一所述的电池单体，所述电池单体用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2024/084361 2023-11-29 2024-03-28 电池单体、电池及用电装置 Pending WO2025112249A1 (zh)

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US20060215334A1 (en) * 2005-03-24 2006-09-28 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd Rechargeable battery
CN203071141U (zh) * 2013-01-15 2013-07-17 上海恒动汽车电池有限公司 一种锂离子电池金属外壳绝缘保护层
JP2015170395A (ja) * 2014-03-05 2015-09-28 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 円筒形二次電池
CN106883724A (zh) * 2017-01-25 2017-06-23 江苏万达新能源科技股份有限公司 绝缘粉末涂料及其制备方法、施涂方法，涂有该绝缘粉末涂料的锂电池金属外壳
CN218887348U (zh) * 2022-10-18 2023-04-18 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 端盖、电池单体、电池及用电设备

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060215334A1 (en) * 2005-03-24 2006-09-28 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd Rechargeable battery
CN203071141U (zh) * 2013-01-15 2013-07-17 上海恒动汽车电池有限公司 一种锂离子电池金属外壳绝缘保护层
JP2015170395A (ja) * 2014-03-05 2015-09-28 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 円筒形二次電池
CN106883724A (zh) * 2017-01-25 2017-06-23 江苏万达新能源科技股份有限公司 绝缘粉末涂料及其制备方法、施涂方法，涂有该绝缘粉末涂料的锂电池金属外壳
CN218887348U (zh) * 2022-10-18 2023-04-18 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 端盖、电池单体、电池及用电设备

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