WO2025102462A1 - 一种帕金森病早期筛查系统 - Google Patents

一种帕金森病早期筛查系统 Download PDF

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WO2025102462A1
WO2025102462A1 PCT/CN2023/137648 CN2023137648W WO2025102462A1 WO 2025102462 A1 WO2025102462 A1 WO 2025102462A1 CN 2023137648 W CN2023137648 W CN 2023137648W WO 2025102462 A1 WO2025102462 A1 WO 2025102462A1
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motion
parkinson
movement
disease
module
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杨琴
王立平
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Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of CAS
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Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of CAS
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H50/00—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
    • G16H50/20—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for computer-aided diagnosis, e.g. based on medical expert systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/0008—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes provided with illuminating means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/113—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for determining or recording eye movement
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/40—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the nervous system
    • A61B5/4076—Diagnosing or monitoring particular conditions of the nervous system
    • A61B5/4082—Diagnosing or monitoring movement diseases, e.g. Parkinson, Huntington or Tourette
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6887—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient mounted on external non-worn devices, e.g. non-medical devices
    • A61B5/6891—Furniture
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/74—Details of notification to user or communication with user or patient; User input means
    • A61B5/742—Details of notification to user or communication with user or patient; User input means using visual displays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H50/00—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
    • G16H50/30—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for calculating health indices; for individual health risk assessment

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of disease screening, and in particular relates to an early screening system for Parkinson's disease.
  • Parkinson's disease is the second largest neurodegenerative disease in the elderly, characterized by motor symptoms such as tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural imbalance. Existing treatments are designed to relieve symptoms but cannot cure or even stop the course of the disease, and brain cells continue to die. As the disease worsens, patients gradually lose the ability to walk and develop other symptoms besides motor swallowing difficulties, paresthesias, cognitive decline, etc., placing a heavy burden on medical emergency and home care. The survival period of Parkinson's patients after diagnosis is only 7-14 years.
  • Parkinson's disease is in urgent need of development, but both new and old methods face difficulties.
  • the efficacy of existing methods is gradually reduced, there are many side effects, and there are large individual differences.
  • the main drug levodopa generally loses its efficacy after 3-5 years, and the "on-off" phenomenon of symptom fluctuations and involuntary movements appear.
  • Other drugs such as catechol-methyltransferase inhibitors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors and dopamine agonists have slightly lower efficacy and obvious side effects.
  • Deep brain stimulation has an immediate magical effect, but individual differences are huge, and some cases are ineffective or even have new symptoms.
  • Cells transplanted by surgery and stem cell therapy also show Parkinson's pathological manifestations and are ineffective.
  • the neurodegenerative lesions of Parkinson's disease progress slowly, and the body has a strong functional compensation ability. Before the onset of motor symptoms, the process of neuronal damage can last up to 20 years, and the lesions rapidly worsen ten years after the onset of motor symptoms. Early preventive measures, such as exercise and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, can reduce the incidence of Parkinson's disease to a certain extent. Therefore, the key to the prevention and treatment of Parkinson's disease at present lies in early detection and early treatment, delaying the progression of the disease, keeping the disease in a state of mild symptoms, and maintaining the patient's ability to take care of themselves.
  • Parkinson's disease There is no clear method for early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. There are many such documents, and the scientific community has repeatedly verified biochemical and imaging tests, such as genes, cerebrospinal fluid, blood, ultrasound, CT, and magnetic resonance imaging, and reported abnormal changes. However, the correlation with Parkinson's disease is limited, and the sensitivity and specificity are very low. Therefore, the International Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) regards the above-mentioned various examination manifestations as risk markers for Parkinson's disease rather than diagnostic criteria.
  • MDS International Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorder Society
  • Parkinson's disease means conducting examinations before the core motor symptoms appear.
  • the methods are divided into two categories: one is physical examinations such as biochemistry and imaging, and the other is non-motor symptoms such as olfactory dysfunction, sleep disorders, and autonomic nervous system disorders. Both methods have low specificity and are therefore not included in the diagnostic criteria.
  • Eye movement is precise and fast, with rich indicators, and different indicator systems have been formed in different research directions. It has been found that after the onset of Parkinson's disease, the eye movement characteristics change, including increased latency of eye saccades, reduced gain of pursuit, reduced frequency and amplitude of gaze shifts, and reduced blinking.
  • Existing Parkinson's eye movement experiments use indicators such as gaze, saccade, tracking, and blinking. These four movements are all consciously controlled, actively initiated, intermittent behaviors, and lack continuity. They all show reduced movement. In addition to Parkinson's, it may also be caused by diseases such as dementia. The saccade results may be caused by difficulties in starting movements, or by slow nerve transmission and other reasons. Therefore, the existing eye movement results have poor specificity for Parkinson's disease.
  • bradykinesia and postural imbalance are more common in the elderly.
  • Tremor is a static tremor, and rigidity is manifested as rhythmic gear-like movement.
  • the most unique manifestation of Parkinson's disease is delayed movement initiation, gradual acceleration, and inability to stop in time. The aforementioned eye movement results fail to reflect the unique indicators for distinguishing Parkinson's disease from other diseases.
  • the present application provides an early screening system for Parkinson's disease, which uses some indicators of eye tracking technology as a method for Parkinson's screening, diagnosis and efficacy evaluation, and can screen early Parkinson's disease patients with strong specificity and high accuracy.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an early screening system for Parkinson's disease, so as to solve the technical problems of low specificity and low accuracy of Parkinson's disease screening in the prior art.
  • An early screening system for Parkinson's disease comprising:
  • the motion module provides subjects with motion scenarios for eye movement testing to stimulate their eye movements
  • a near-infrared light source used for lighting during the eye movement test of the motion module
  • the movement scenarios of the eye movement test include passive movement scenarios and active movement scenarios.
  • the movement scenarios are distinguished according to whether the subject actively moves the eyeballs to perform the eye movement test or passively causes the eyeballs to perform the eye movement test during the test.
  • the visual target performs a swinging motion.
  • the present invention may be improved as follows: the visual target is a virtual target, the motion module is a display terminal, and the visual target is displayed on the display terminal.
  • the motion module is a mobile phone
  • the camera module is a camera provided in the mobile phone
  • the near-infrared light source is fixed on the mobile phone.
  • the visual target is a physical target
  • the motion module is a physical device provided with the physical target and has other structures connected to the physical target.
  • the motion module is a device that provides a passive motion scenario to the subject.
  • the motion module has a structure for fixing the subject, so that the subject's body follows the device to make the same movement, and the eyeballs follow the device to move passively.
  • the device performs a swinging motion or a rotating motion.
  • the swinging motion includes one of a sinusoidal swing, a cosine swing, and a sawtooth swing.
  • the oscillation frequency is 0.5 Hz-1 Hz.
  • the motion module includes a rotating chair, a motor and a fixed shaft; the rotating chair is movably connected to the fixed shaft, and the motor is transmission-connected to the rotating chair, so that the rotating chair performs swinging motion or rotational motion around the fixed shaft.
  • An early screening method for Parkinson's disease comprises the following steps: a subject performs an eye movement test through a motion scenario to obtain the eye movement status of an eyeball; and processes and compares the eye movement status of the eyeball and the difference in the motion status between the motion scenarios.
  • the Parkinson's disease early screening system of the present invention utilizes eye movement technology to perform eye movement tests through a motion module.
  • the camera module obtains the eye movement status of the eyeball and compares it with the motion status between the motion scenarios provided by the motion module. The difference between the two is determined based on whether it meets the characteristic indicators of Parkinson's disease, thereby screening for Parkinson's disease in its early stages. This method has strong specificity and high accuracy.
  • the eye movement index of the method of the present invention is easy to quantify and can accurately judge the severity, progression and efficacy of Parkinson's disease. During the test, only the eyes are photographed or the body is rotated, which does not cause damage to the body and can be performed repeatedly.
  • the visual target test of the present invention does not require gaze calibration before the test, and has no special requirements for gaze accuracy.
  • the test is convenient and quick, and is convenient for people to self-check.
  • the neural reflex used in the rotation test is not affected by consciousness, and can screen Parkinson's patients more accurately and earlier.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a system for early screening of Parkinson's disease according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG2 is a third embodiment of the present invention, the early screening system for Parkinson's disease
  • Figure 3 shows characteristic indicators of Parkinson's disease using sinusoidal motion as an example
  • Figure 4 is a characteristic indicator of Parkinson's disease using sawtooth motion as an example
  • Figure 5 is a characteristic index of Parkinson's disease using acceleration motion as an example
  • Figure 6 shows the test situation of a real Parkinson's patient
  • the markings in the figure are as follows: 1. Mobile phone; 2. Camera; 3. Near-infrared light source; 4. Visual target; 5. Rotating chair; 6. Motor; 7. Eye tracker; 8. Base plate; 9. Body fixer; 10. Head fixer.
  • the main symptoms of Parkinson's disease include resting tremor and gear-like movement caused by muscle rigidity, and unique symptoms include delayed initiation of movement and gradual acceleration. Eye movement is sensitive and high-speed.
  • the present invention selects appropriate eye movement indicators, including the frequency, amplitude, phase delay of large swings, the frequency, amplitude, interruption, and movement disorder of eye micro-movements and pupil micro-dilation and contraction, to characterize Parkinson's specific manifestations.
  • the test can be divided into two types, one is the active movement scenario of visual target test, in which the motion module in the system provides the visual target, and the subject actively follows the movement of the visual target with his eyes; the other is the passive movement scenario of rotation test, in which the motion module in the system fixes the subject's body, and the motion module moves, causing the subject's eyes to passively follow the movement of the motion module and perform corresponding follow-up movements.
  • the active movement scenario of visual target test in which the motion module in the system provides the visual target, and the subject actively follows the movement of the visual target with his eyes
  • the other is the passive movement scenario of rotation test, in which the motion module in the system fixes the subject's body, and the motion module moves, causing the subject's eyes to passively follow the movement of the motion module and perform corresponding follow-up movements.
  • the movement module provides the subjects with active movement scenarios for eye movement testing to stimulate the subjects' eye movements;
  • a near-infrared light source used for lighting during the eye movement test of the motion module
  • the processor module is used to process and compare the difference in motion between the eye movement recorded and tracked by the camera module and the motion scenario provided by the motion module.
  • the specific embodiments are as follows:
  • the subjects kept their bodies and heads as still as possible, and fixed their eyes on the visual target on the mobile phone screen and followed its movement.
  • the visual target started to move from a standstill, and the visual target made an amplitude swinging motion on the mobile phone display screen.
  • Its swinging mode conformed to the sine function that is, the relationship between the amplitude and time of the swing conformed to the sine function, and the swinging frequency was 0.5Hz-1Hz.
  • the initial amplitude was 0, and the time was recorded as 0 at this time.
  • the eye movement of the subjects was tracked by a near-infrared light source and a camera module. The test lasted for 10 minutes, and the eye movement was obtained, as shown in Figure 3.
  • the eye movement indicators in the eye movement status include the frequency, amplitude, and phase delay of the eyeball swinging significantly, and the frequency, amplitude, interruption, and movement disorder of the eyeball micro-movement and pupil micro-expansion.
  • the characteristic changes of Parkinson's patients include the phase delay of the eyeball swinging significantly, which gradually recovered. After a period of time, some values of the phase, frequency, and amplitude were faster than the external visual target. In addition, there were phenomena such as discontinuous movement, intermittent interruption, and micro-expansion and contraction movement disorder.
  • the eye movement has a delayed start compared to the visual swing, a smaller amplitude, gradually becomes the same, then the frequency and amplitude exceed the visual swing, and finally stabilize at a value, as shown in Figure 3.
  • Other regular swings of visual targets such as cosine swing and sawtooth swing, all have the above obvious characteristics.
  • cosine swing and sine swing is that the initial phase of the movement is different, and the sawtooth swing is shown in Figure 4.
  • the motion module in addition to using a mobile phone, can also use other display terminals, such as computers, televisions, etc., as alternatives, as long as it can display a virtual visual target and provide an active motion scenario to the subject's eyes, that is, the virtual visual target performs a swinging motion.
  • display terminals such as computers, televisions, etc.
  • the visual test in this embodiment is convenient and fast, and can be completed with an ordinary mobile phone and a small program on a mobile phone/computer, which is easy to download, apply and promote, and can be used for daily self-examination of the elderly and potential populations.
  • the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the motion module that provides the subject's eyes with an active motion scenario is different.
  • the motion module of this embodiment has a physical visual target, that is, the motion module has a physical visual target structure, such as a physical ball, and also has other structures connected to the physical ball, so that the physical ball performs a swinging motion.
  • the test process and working principle are exactly the same as those of the first embodiment.
  • the Parkinson's disease early screening system of the present invention includes:
  • the movement module provides the subjects with passive movement scenarios for eye movement testing to stimulate the subjects' eye movements;
  • a near-infrared light source used for lighting during the eye movement test of the motion module
  • the processor module is used to process and compare the difference in motion between the eye movement recorded and tracked by the camera module and the motion scenario provided by the motion module.
  • the specific embodiments are as follows:
  • the motion module provides the subject with a passive motion scenario for eye movement testing.
  • the basic components of the motion module include a rotating chair, a motor, a fixed axis and a speed monitor; the fixed axis is fixed on a fixed base plate, the rotating chair is movably connected to the fixed axis, the motor is connected to the rotating chair in a transmission manner, so that the rotating chair performs a swinging motion or a rotating motion around the fixed axis, and the speed monitor records the motion data of the motion module and transmits it to the processor module.
  • the motion module may also include a body fixator and a head fixator, which are respectively fixed on the rotating chair.
  • the body fixator can make the subject's body movement closer to the movement of the rotating chair, so that the screening result is more accurate, and the head fixator can reduce the head swing, avoid excessive head movement during rotation, reduce the impact on the subject's eye movement, and make the screening result more accurate.
  • the subject sat on an electric rotating chair with the body fixed by a body fixator to prevent the subject from falling when the chair rotates.
  • the head was also fixed by a head fixator to prevent the head from moving too much during rotation, which would affect the eye movement results.
  • the electric rotating chair starts from rest and swings sinusoidally around the vertical fixed axis.
  • the swinging mode conforms to the sine function, that is, the relationship between the amplitude and time of the swing conforms to the sine function, and the swing frequency is 0.5Hz-1Hz.
  • the eye movement of the subject is tracked by a near-infrared light source and a camera module. The test lasts for 10 minutes to obtain the movement of the eyeball.
  • Figure 6 shows the results of the rotation test on a real Parkinson's case.
  • the electric rotating chair starts to rotate in one direction at an acceleration a from rest, while the subject's eye movement is tracked by a near-infrared light source and a camera module.
  • the test lasts for 3 minutes to obtain the eye movement status, as shown in Figure 5.

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Abstract

本发明提供一种帕金森病早期筛查系统，包括：运动模块，激发被试者眼球运动；近红外光源，用于眼球运动测试过程的照明；摄像头模块，用于记录眼球运动状况；处理器模块，用于处理比较眼动状况和所述运动模块的运动差异。本发明中的帕金森病筛查系统利用眼动技术，记录运动模块激发的眼球运动，并比较两者的运动差异是否符合帕金森病特征，可用于该病筛查和诊断。该方法特异性强，准确度高，在疾病早期即表现出特异性指标。

Description

一种帕金森病早期筛查系统 技术领域
本发明属于疾病筛查技术领域，具体涉及一种帕金森病早期筛查系统。
 背景技术
已有的帕金森病治疗方法仅改善症状，而不能阻止病情进展。帕金森病是以机体震颤、肌强直、动作迟缓、姿势平衡失调等运动症状为表现的老年第二大神经退行性疾病。现有治疗方法旨在缓解症状，而不能治愈，甚至无法中止病程，脑细胞仍在继续死亡。随病情的恶化，患者逐渐失去行走能力，并出现运动以外的吞咽困难、感觉异常、认知衰退等其它症状，给医疗急救、家庭护理带来沉重的负担。帕金森患者诊断后的生存期仅7-14年。
帕金森病治疗急待发展，然而新旧方法均面临困境。现有方法药效逐渐降低、副作用多，个体差异大。主要药物左旋多巴一般3-5年后疗效下降，并出现症状波动的“开关”现象和不自主运动。其它药物儿茶酚-甲基转移酶抑制剂、单胺氧化酶抑制剂和多巴胺激动剂疗效稍低且副作用明显。深部脑刺激具有立竿见影的神奇效果，但个体差异极大，部分病例无效甚至出现新发症状。手术移植和干细胞治疗的细胞同样出现帕金森病理表现而无效。此外，新涌现的方法层出不穷，研究开发投入巨大，但临床实验成功率持续走低，世界最大制药公司辉瑞，先后携手IBM和六大药业巨头创建帕金森病开发合作体，但于2018年宣布退出帕金森新药研发。预示其治疗方法短期难以有突破。
帕金森病的神经退行性病变进展缓慢，且机体有较强的功能代偿能力，运动症状出现前，神经元损害的进程可长达二十年，运作症状发作后的十年则病变快速恶化。早期采取预防手段，如运动锻炼、非甾体抗炎药等可一定程度降低帕金森发病率。因此，目前帕金森防治关键在于早期发现、早期治疗，延缓疾病进展，将疾病保持在轻微症状的状态，保持其生活自理能力。
尚无明确的帕金森早期诊断方法。该类文献较多，科学界反复验证生化和影像等检查，如基因、脑脊液、血液、超声、CT、磁共振均有报道发现异常改变。但与帕金森病的相关性有限，灵敏度和特异性很低。所以国际帕金森病和运动障碍学会（MDS）将上述各种检查表现作为帕金森病风险标记而非诊断标准。
目前帕金森诊断和分期仍以症状表现为主。因黑质外的广泛脑区累及，造成嗅觉功能丧失、睡眠失调、植物神经紊乱等多种非运动障碍，可持续数年，因此MDS根据症状出现将帕金森病分为无症状临床前期，非运动症状的前驱期和运动症状出现的临床期。上述非运动障碍被作为前驱表现，也有文献将其用于预测帕金森病。但帕金森发病年龄以50-60岁为主，上述表现比较普遍，对帕金森的特异性很低。因此需要更为客观精准的检测手段。
帕金森早期筛查和诊断即在核心的运动症状前进行检查，目前方法分为两类，一类为生化和影像学等物理检查，另一类是嗅觉失灵、睡眠失调、植物神经紊乱等非运动症状。这两类方法特异性都很低，因此都没被纳入诊断标准。
眼球运动精确高速、指标丰富，在不同研究方向形成不同指标体系。已发现帕金森发病后有眼动特征改变，包括眼球扫视的潜伏期增加，追随的增益减少，注视移位的频率和幅度降低，眨眼减少。
 技术问题
现有帕金森眼动实验使用的是注视、扫视、追随、眨眼运动这些指标。这四种运动都是意识控制、主动启动、断断续续的行为，缺乏连续性。它们表现出来都是运动减少，除了帕金森，也可能是痴呆等疾病引起，扫视结果可能由动作启动困难引起，也可能由神经传达减慢等原因引起。因此已有的眼动结果对帕金森病的特异性较差。帕金森病核心症状中动作迟缓、姿势平衡失调在老年人中较普遍，震颤为静止性震颤，强直表现为节奏性的齿轮样运动，帕金森病最独特表现为动作启动延迟、逐渐加快、不能及时停止。前述眼动结果未能体现帕金森病与其它疾病鉴别的独特指标。
基于此，本申请提供一种帕金森病早期筛查系统，基于眼动追踪技术部分指标作为帕金森筛查、诊断和疗效评价方式，可以对帕金森病早期患者进行筛查，特异性强、准确度高。
 技术解决方案
本发明的目的是提供一种帕金森病早期筛查系统，解决现有技术中帕金森病筛查特异性不强、准确度不高的技术问题。
一种帕金森病早期筛查系统，包括：
运动模块，向被试者提供眼动测试的运动情景，激发被试者眼球运动；
近红外光源，用于所述运动模块眼动测试过程照明；
摄像头模块，用于记录跟踪被试者通过所述运动模块进行眼动测试过程中眼球的眼动状况；
处理器模块，用于处理比较所述摄像头模块记录跟踪的眼动状况和所述运动模块提供的运动情景之间运动状况差异。
本发明中，所述眼动状况包括大幅摆动的频率、幅度、相位延迟，和运动紊乱现象。
进一步地，眼球的眼动状况处理以瞳孔运动数据减去眼眶运动数据获得。通过这样可以消除头部运动带来的测试偏差，提高测试准确度。
本发明中，所述眼动测试的运动情景包括被动运动情景和主动运动情景。运动情景的区分是根据测试过程中，被试者是主动进行眼球运动，从而进行眼动测试，还是被动导致眼球运动进行眼动测试来加以区分的。
本发明一些实施方案中，所述运动模块是向被试者提供主动运动情景的装置；所述运动模块有用于被试者眼睛主动跟随的视觉目标。
进一步地，所述视觉目标做摆动式运动。
进一步地，所述摆动式运动包括正弦式摆动、余弦式摆动、锯齿式摆动中的一种。
进一步地，摆动频率为0.5Hz-1Hz。
进一步地，所述视觉目标为实体目标或者虚拟目标。当视觉目标为实体目标时，相应装置为设有实体目标的实体装置，且有与视觉目标连接的其他结构，使得实体目标做摆动式运动；当视觉目标为虚拟目标时，所述装置为显示终端，显示终端上显示视觉目标做摆动式运动。
本发明可以做以下改进，所述视觉目标为虚拟目标，所述运动模块为显示终端，所述显示终端上显示有视觉目标。
进一步地，所述视觉目标在显示终端上做摆动式运动。
进一步地，所述显示终端包括移动装置、电脑、电视。
本发明一些实施方案中，所述运动模块为手机，所述摄像头模块为所述手机带有的摄像头，所述近红外光源固定在手机上。
本发明一些实施方案中，所述视觉目标为实体目标，所述运动模块为设有实体目标的实体装置，且有与实体目标连接的其他结构。
本发明一些实施方案中，所述运动模块是向被试者提供被动运动情景的装置。
本发明中，所述运动模块具有将被试者固定的结构，使被试者身体跟随装置做相同运动，眼球跟随装置被动运动。
进一步地，所述装置做摆动式运动或者旋转运动。
进一步地，所述摆动式运动包括正弦式摆动、余弦式摆动、锯齿式摆动中的一种。
进一步地，摆动频率为0.5Hz-1Hz。
进一步地，所述旋转运动是朝一个方向以一定加速度旋转。
本发明一些实施方案中，所述运动模块包括旋转椅、电机和固定轴；所述旋转椅活动连接在所述固定轴上，所述电机与所述旋转椅传动连接，使得所述旋转椅绕所述固定轴做摆动式运动或者旋转运动。
一种帕金森病早期筛查方法，包括以下步骤：被试者通过运动情景进行眼动测试，得到眼球的眼动状况；处理比较眼球的眼动状况和运动情景之间运动状况差异。
 有益效果
本发明具有以下有益效果：
（1）本发明帕金森病早期筛查系统利用眼动技术，通过运动模块进行眼动测试，摄像头模块获得眼球的眼动状况，与运动模块提供的运动情景之间运动状况进行比较，根据两者差异是否符合帕金森病特征性指标，从而对帕金森病早期进行筛查，该方法特异性强，准确度高。
（2）本发明方法眼动指标易于量化，可准确判断帕金森病严重程度、进程及疗效，测试过程中仅拍摄眼部或旋转身体等操作，对身体无损伤，可反复进行。
（3）本发明视觉目标测试，无需测试前进行注视校准，对注视精度无特殊要求，测试方便快捷，方便人群进行自查。旋转测试采用的神经反射，不受意识干扰，能够更准确更早期筛查出帕金森病患者。
 附图说明
下面结合说明书附图和具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案做进一步说明。
图1是本发明实施例一帕金森病早期筛查系统的整体结构示意图；
图2是本发明实施例三帕金森病早期筛查系统；
图3是以正弦运动为例的帕金森病特征性指标；
图4是以锯齿运动为例的帕金森病特征性指标；
图5是以加速度运动为例的帕金森病特征性指标；
图6是真实帕金森病患的测试情况；
图中标记如下：1、手机；2、摄像头；3、近红外光源；4、视觉目标；5、旋转椅；6、电机；7、眼动仪；8、底板；9、身体固定器；10、头部固定器。
 本发明的实施方式
帕金森病主要症状有静止性震颤、肌肉强直引起的齿轮样运动，独特症状有动作启动延迟、逐渐加快。眼球运动灵敏高速，本发明选择适当的眼动指标，包括大幅摆动的频率、幅度、相位延迟，眼球微动和瞳孔微扩缩的频率、幅度、中断、运动紊乱现象，来表征帕金森特异性表现。根据为被试者提供的眼动测试运动情景的不同，可以将测试分为两种，一种是视觉目标测试主动运动情景，该方式下系统中运动模块提供视觉目标，被试者自己主动进行眼球跟随视觉目标移动；另一种是旋转测试被动运动情景，该方式下系统中运动模块对被试者身体进行固定，运动模块进行运动，导致被试者眼球被动跟随运动模块运动而进行相应的跟随移动。
针对第一种视觉目标测试主动运动情景方式，本发明的帕金森病早期筛查系统，包括：
运动模块，向被试者提供眼动测试的主动运动情景，激发被试者眼球运动；
近红外光源，用于所述运动模块眼动测试过程照明；
摄像头模块，用于记录跟踪被试者通过所述运动模块进行眼动测试过程中眼球的眼动状况；
处理器模块，用于处理比较所述摄像头模块记录跟踪的眼动状况和所述运动模块提供的运动情景之间运动状况差异。具体实施例如下：
实施例一
如图1所示帕金森病早期筛查系统，包括手机，手机作为向被试者提供眼动测试主动运动情景的运动模块，其显示屏显示有用于被试者眼睛主动跟随的虚拟视觉目标。手机的摄像头作为用于记录跟踪被试者进行眼动测试过程中眼球的眼动状况的摄像头模块。手机外置加装近红外光源，为摄像头模块提供近红外条件下成像的条件；近红外光源也可以选择本身自带有近红外光源的手机。摄像头模块和近红外光源的连接方式并不受限于分体设置，也可以直接选择摄像头模块和近红外光源直接组合的红外摄像头。处理器模块可以是外部的独立处理器，也可以是手机本身内置的处理器，其具体形式不受限制，只需能够用来比较眼球的眼动状况和运动模块提供的运动情景之间的运动状况差异即可。本实施例中，采用手机内置的处理器进行眼球的眼动状况和运动模块提供的运动情景之间运动状况的比较分析。
手机屏幕上显示的视觉目标做摆动式运动，摆动式运动为振幅式运动，具体摆动式运动包括正弦式摆动、余弦式摆动、锯齿式摆动这些有规律的摆动方式，还可以包括其他无规律的摆动方式。有规律的摆动方式可以方便进行测试和数据处理，节省时间，效率更高。手机显示屏上虚拟视觉目标的移动方式，可以通过程序提供，具体不受限制，只需能在显示屏上显示虚拟目标做相应的摆动运动即可。
以下以视觉目标做正弦式摆动对本发明的实施过程做说明。
测试过程中，被试者尽量保持身体和头部不动的情况下，眼睛注视手机屏幕上视觉目标并跟随其运动。视觉目标从静止开始运动，视觉目标在手机显示屏上做来回摆动的振幅式运动，其摆动方式符合正弦函数，即摆动的幅度与时间的关系符合正弦函数，摆动频率为0.5Hz-1Hz。如图3所示，初始振幅为0,此时时间记录为0。通过近红外光源和摄像头模块跟踪被试者的眼动状况，测试10分钟，得到眼球的运动情况，如图3所示。眼动状况中眼动指标有眼球大幅摆动的频率、幅度、相位延迟，眼球微动和瞳孔微扩缩的频率、幅度、中断、运动紊乱现象。帕金森病人特征性改变有眼球大幅摆动的相位延迟，逐步恢复，一段时间后相位、频率和幅度中部分值快于外部视觉目标。此外有运动非连续，间歇性出现中断，微扩缩运动紊乱等现象。以正弦为例，眼动相比视觉摆动的启动延迟，幅度较小，逐渐相同，然后频率和幅度超过视觉摆动，最后稳定在一个值，如图3所示。视觉目标的其他规则摆动方式，如余弦式摆动、锯齿式摆动都具有上述明显特征。余弦式摆动和正弦式摆动的差别在于运动的初始相位不同，锯齿式摆动如图4所示。
本实施例中，运动模块除选用手机之外，还可以选择其他显示终端，如电脑，电视等替代，只要能显示虚拟视觉目标，并向被试者眼睛提供主动运动情景，即虚拟视觉目标做摆动式运动即可。这些都可以实施本实施例的技术方案，达到筛选出帕金森病早期患者的目的。本实施例视觉测试方便快捷，可用普通手机和手机/电脑的小程序完成，便于下载应用和推广，可用于老年人和潜在人群日常自查。
实施例二
本实施例与实施例一不同之处在于为被试者眼睛提供主动运动情景的运动模块不同，本实施例运动模块有实体视觉目标，即运动模块具有实体视觉目标结构，如实体小球，还具有与实体小球连接的其他结构，使实体小球做摆动式运动。测试过程和工作原理与实施例一完全相同。
身体或头部运动时，眼球向相反方向运动，以稳定环境在视网膜上的成像，这种现象称为前庭眼动反射。本发明第二种旋转测试被动运动情景，正是利用这种神经反射进行帕金森病早期筛查。旋转测试比视觉测试具有更高的准确性。旋转测试是根据神经反射“前庭眼动反射”做的，是自发的，不受意识控制。而视觉测试需要被试者的眼睛主动跟随目标运动，是受意识控制的，会受其它一些因素，如注意力、疲劳程度等的影响。帕金森病人很多有不同程度的痴呆，不能很好地用眼睛跟随目标运动。而神经反射不受痴呆影响。所以说旋转测试比视觉测试准确。
针对第二种旋转测试被动运动情景，本发明的帕金森病早期筛查系统，包括：
运动模块，向被试者提供眼动测试的被动运动情景，激发被试者眼球运动；
近红外光源，用于所述运动模块眼动测试过程照明；
摄像头模块，用于记录跟踪被试者通过所述运动模块进行眼动测试过程中眼球的眼动状况；
处理器模块，用于处理比较所述摄像头模块记录跟踪的眼动状况和所述运动模块提供的运动情景之间运动状况差异。具体实施例如下：
实施例三
如图2所示帕金森病早期筛查系统，运动模块向被试者提供眼动测试的被动运动情景。具体地，运动模块基本构件包括旋转椅、电机、固定轴和速度监测器；固定轴固定在固定底板上，旋转椅活动连接在固定轴上，电机与旋转椅传动连接，使得旋转椅绕固定轴做摆动式运动或者旋转运动，速度监测器记录运动模块的运动数据，并传输到处理器模块。运动模块还可以包括身体固定器和头部固定器，身体固定器和头部固定器分别固定在旋转椅上，通过身体固定器可以使被试者身体的运动更接近于旋转椅的运动，使得筛查结果更准确，头部固定器则可以减少头部摆动，避免旋转时头动幅度太大，降低对被试者眼球眼动状况产生影响，使筛查结果更准确。
近红外光源和摄像头模块固定在旋转椅上，正对被试者眼部设置。处理器模块的固定方式不做限定，可以固定在旋转椅上，也可以是外置的其他连接方式，能用于比较眼球的眼动状况和运动模块提供的运动情景之间运动状况差异即可。本实施例中，近红外光源、摄像头模块和处理器模块也可以集成到一个结构中构成眼动仪，眼动仪可以做成头戴式直接戴在被试者头部，或者眼动仪为安装固定在旋转椅上的遥测式眼动仪。也可以选择具有摄像功能、近红外光源和处理器的商用眼动仪。
旋转椅绕垂直固定轴做摆动式运动或者旋转运动。摆动式运动为振幅式运动，具体摆动式运动包括正弦式摆动、余弦式摆动、锯齿式摆动这些有规律的摆动方式，还可以包括其他无规律的摆动方式。有规律的摆动方式可以方便进行测试和数据处理，节省时间，效率更高。旋转运动为顺时针方向或逆时针方向以加速度a旋转。
以下以运动模块旋转椅绕固定轴做正弦式摆动的实施过程做说明。
测试过程中，被试者坐在一个电动旋转椅上，身体被身体固定器固定，以防椅子旋转时被试者摔倒。头部也被头部固定器，以免旋转时头动幅度太大，影响眼动结果。电动旋转椅从静止开始绕垂直固定轴呈正弦式摆动，其摆动方式符合正弦函数，即摆动的幅度与时间的关系符合正弦函数，摆动频率为0.5Hz-1Hz。如图3所示。同时通过近红外光源和摄像头模块跟踪被试者的眼动状况，测试10分钟，得到眼球的运动情况。
图6是真实帕金森病例旋转测试的结果。
正常人的动作反应较迅速，眼球转动的频率、幅度、相位基本与外部运动刺激保持一致，频率、幅度的差异一般≤5%，相位迟滞≤0.2秒。
帕金森病患者的运动启动缓慢，逐渐增快，因此在图6中开始时相位迟滞很大、频率较慢，幅度（换算为图3中的旋转角度）小。运动逐步加快，频率和相位基本和运动模块平齐，但有运动过冲现象，所以幅度（旋转角度）超过了运动模块。帕金森病另一核心症状是静止震颤，因此在图6中波形有较大的上下颤动。这种震颤在运动时可缓解，因此图右侧眼球运动速度较快时，波形颤动减弱了。电动旋转椅的其他规则摆动方式，如余弦式摆动、锯齿式摆动都具有上述特征。
以下以运动模块旋转椅朝一个方向以加速度旋转的实施过程做说明。
被试者开始测试后，电动旋转椅从静止开始以加速度a朝一个方向旋转，同时通过近红外光源和摄像头模块跟踪被试者的眼动状况，测试3分钟，得到眼球的运动状况，如5图所示。
本发明中激发眼球主动运动的视觉测试和激发眼球被动运动的旋转测试适用于不同的应用场景。视觉测试设备较为简单廉价，适用于社区医院或病人自测。但它需要被试者注视和跟随视觉目标，帕金森病人容易合并痴呆，部分病人不能主动配合。旋转测试采用的是神经反射，不受意识和痴呆干扰，也不容易伪装，结果更为准确。但需专业设备，适用于医院检查。而且耳鸣、眩晕病人无法做旋转测试，对于这类人群可选视觉测试。
以上所揭露的仅为本发明较佳实施例而已，当然不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围，因此依本发明权利要求所作的等同变化，仍属本发明所涵盖的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种帕金森病早期筛查系统，其特征在于，包括：
    运动模块，向被试者提供眼动测试的运动情景，激发被试者眼球运动；
    近红外光源，用于所述运动模块眼动测试过程照明；
    摄像头模块，用于记录跟踪被试者通过所述运动模块进行眼动测试过程中眼球的眼动状况；
    处理器模块，用于处理比较所述摄像头模块记录跟踪的眼动状况和所述运动模块提供的运动情景之间运动状况差异。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述帕金森病早期筛查系统，其特征在于，所述眼动测试的运动情景包括被动运动情景和主动运动情景。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述帕金森病早期筛查系统，其特征在于，所述运动模块是向被试者提供主动运动情景的装置；所述运动模块有用于被试者眼睛主动跟随的视觉目标，所述视觉目标做摆动式运动。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述帕金森病早期筛查系统，其特征在于，所述摆动式运动包括正弦式摆动、余弦式摆动、锯齿式摆动中的一种。
  5. 根据权利要求2-4任一项所述帕金森病早期筛查系统，其特征在于，所述视觉目标为虚拟目标，所述运动模块为显示终端，所述显示终端上显示有视觉目标。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述帕金森病早期筛查系统，其特征在于，所述运动模块是向被试者眼睛提供被动运动情景的装置；所述运动模块具有将被试者固定的结构，使被试者身体跟随装置做相同运动，眼球跟随装置被动运动；所述运动模块做摆动式运动或者旋转运动。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述帕金森病早期筛查系统，其特征在于，所述摆动式运动包括正弦式摆动、余弦式摆动、锯齿式摆动中的一种；所述旋转运动是朝一个方向以一定加速度旋转。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述帕金森病早期筛查系统，其特征在于，所述运动模块包括旋转椅、电机和固定轴；所述旋转椅活动连接在所述固定轴上，所述电机与所述旋转椅传动连接，使得所述旋转椅绕所述固定轴做摆动式运动或者旋转运动。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述帕金森病早期筛查系统，其特征在于，所述眼动状况包括大幅摆动的频率、幅度、相位延迟，和运动紊乱现象。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述帕金森病早期筛查系统，其特征在于，眼球的眼动状况处理以瞳孔运动数据减去眼眶运动数据获得。
PCT/CN2023/137648 2023-11-14 2023-12-08 一种帕金森病早期筛查系统 Pending WO2025102462A1 (zh)

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