WO2025026730A1 - Procédé de recharge d'une batterie de traction par une source de tension inférieure à celle de la batterie de traction et véhicule correspondant - Google Patents
Procédé de recharge d'une batterie de traction par une source de tension inférieure à celle de la batterie de traction et véhicule correspondant Download PDFInfo
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- WO2025026730A1 WO2025026730A1 PCT/EP2024/070175 EP2024070175W WO2025026730A1 WO 2025026730 A1 WO2025026730 A1 WO 2025026730A1 EP 2024070175 W EP2024070175 W EP 2024070175W WO 2025026730 A1 WO2025026730 A1 WO 2025026730A1
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- traction
- recharging
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0061—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electrical machines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
- B60L53/24—Using the vehicle's propulsion converter for charging
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the fields of automobiles and electrical engineering, and more specifically concerns a method for recharging a traction battery of an electric or hybrid vehicle, and an electric or hybrid vehicle having means for implementing such a method.
- An electric or hybrid vehicle has a high-voltage traction battery, with a maximum no-load voltage generally between 400 and 800V (volts), which is discharged to power an electric traction motor of the vehicle. It is therefore necessary to recharge the traction battery from a charging terminal external to the vehicle. When the latter is capable of providing a voltage higher than the maximum no-load voltage of the traction battery, it is sufficient to connect the outputs of the charging terminal to the terminals of the vehicle's traction battery to recharge it.
- some charging stations only provide a voltage lower than the maximum no-load voltage of the traction battery.
- some charging stations can only provide a maximum of 400V.
- To recharge a traction battery with a voltage higher than 400V with such a charging station it is therefore necessary to connect the outputs of the charging station to the input of a voltage booster, the output of which, providing a voltage higher than the voltage of the traction battery to be recharged, is connected to the terminals of the latter.
- Such a voltage booster comprises at least one inductor, one capacitor and two switches. Given the power that these components must support, they represent a significant cost. In order to reduce the cost of an electric or hybrid vehicle comprising such a voltage booster, it is often produced by reusing the power components already present in the vehicle, for example the stator windings of the vehicle's electric motor, the switches of the vehicle's traction inverter, and a smoothing capacitor connected to the terminals of the traction battery in the vehicle. When the stator windings of the vehicle are used as inductances of the vehicle's voltage booster, the rotor of the electric motor is of course not powered.
- the present invention aims to remedy at least in part the aforementioned drawbacks by providing a method for recharging a traction battery of an electric or hybrid vehicle, as well as an electric or hybrid vehicle, using a voltage booster which reuses a traction inverter and an electric motor of the vehicle for recharging the traction battery, while having a switching scheme for the switches of the traction inverter, which limits both the current ripples at the input of the voltage booster and the iron losses in the electric motor.
- the invention proposes a method for recharging a traction battery of an electric or hybrid vehicle, the vehicle further comprising a smoothing capacitor and a traction inverter, the smoothing capacitor and the input of the traction inverter being connected to the terminals of the traction battery, the outputs of the traction inverter being connected to stator windings of an electric traction motor of the vehicle.
- the traction inverter having three switching arms each comprising a low switch and a high switch
- the recharging method comprising a step of recharging the traction battery being carried out by applying a switching duty cycle to the switches, the recharging method being characterized in that during the recharging step, a first and a second of the low switches close in phase while a third of the low switches opens and closes in phase opposition with respect to the first and second low switches.
- the traction battery is understood as a battery powering the inverter and the electric motor when the vehicle is running, unlike a possible service battery of the vehicle powering a low-voltage electrical network of the vehicle (for example 14V) to which various consumers are connected, including a main computer of the vehicle.
- the traction battery can therefore also be understood as a propulsion battery depending on the electric motor used.
- the battery referred to in this application is the traction battery of the vehicle.
- the motor and the inverter in this patent application refer to an electric traction or propulsion motor and respectively to a traction or propulsion inverter of the vehicle, in the absence of any indication to the contrary.
- the terms “charge” or “recharge” are considered equivalent in this application.
- an input or output connection of a functional assembly such as the inverter or the voltage booster is understood as a connection to the terminals of this input or respectively this output, that is to say a parallel connection to this input or respectively this output, the terms input and output being related to the function concerned.
- the inverter is in particular connected at the output (with respect to its inverter function) to the stator windings of the electric motor of the vehicle.
- Each inverter switching arm usually comprises two controlled switches, including a high switch, connected to the positive input terminal of the inverter, itself connected to the positive terminal of the traction battery when the relays or switches for connection to the battery are closed, and a low switch, connected to the negative input terminal of the inverter, itself connected to the negative terminal of the traction battery when the battery connection relays or switches are closed.
- Each switching arm therefore has a high switch and a low switch connected in series, a midpoint between the two switches being connected to a stator winding of the electric traction motor.
- the traction inverter may comprise more than three switching arms depending on the number of phases of the electric traction motor.
- the person skilled in the art will be able to adapt the switching scheme proposed by the invention depending on this number of phases, for example for a motor having six phases and an inverter having six switching arms, four low switches of the inverter operate in phase and two other low switches of the inverter operate in phase opposition with the four previous low switches.
- each high switch always operates in phase opposition with the low switch of the same arm, so as not to short-circuit the traction battery, that is to say that when the high switch of an arm is closed, then the low switch of this arm is open.
- the recharging of the traction battery by a charging terminal providing a voltage lower than that of the battery uses a voltage booster of inexpensive additional cost compared to a vehicle without a voltage booster, since the voltage booster reuses many elements of the vehicle's traction chain.
- the recharging method according to the invention achieves a compromise between, on the one hand, the amplitude of the current ripples at the input and output of the voltage booster during recharging, and on the other hand the amplitude of the voltage induced on the rotor due to the use of the stator windings.
- the recharging method does not damage either the traction battery or the electric motor, and has limited iron losses, therefore good efficiency of the recharging process of the traction battery.
- the recharging step is preceded by a step of measuring the angular position of an axis of a rotor winding of the electric traction motor, and by a step of choosing the third low switch as the one of the low switches which is capable of charging the one of the stator windings with the axis forming the largest angle with the measured angular position of the axis of the rotor winding.
- the axis of a winding is taken here, when the winding is made up of a set of turns superimposed on each other, as the axis orthogonal to these turns and passing through their middle.
- the axis of the winding corresponds in a similar way to the main direction of the magnetic flux formed by the sets of turns.
- the stator winding forming a magnetic flux whose main direction is the furthest from the main direction of the magnetic flux formed by the rotor winding. The angle considered is therefore in absolute value.
- the latter comprises a step of pre-positioning the axis of the rotor winding, orthogonally to the axis of one of the stator windings, following the measurement step and preceding the step of choosing the third low switch as being the one which is capable of charging said stator winding with an axis which has thus become orthogonal to the axis of the rotor winding.
- This other feature allows the direct component of the stator current to be completely cancelled during battery recharging, and therefore the voltage induced on the rotor to be cancelled.
- the pre-positioning step is conditioned by the fact that one of the stator windings forms an angle with the axis of the rotor winding, less than a threshold value.
- the pre-positioning step comprises, for example, a step of supplying the rotor winding and two of the stator windings distinct from the stator winding whose axis is made orthogonal to the axis of the rotor winding by the pre-positioning step.
- the recharging method according to the invention has a low production cost and is simple to implement, since it is carried out partly in software in a control unit of the inverter such as a microcontroller and partly in hardware in components already present in the powertrain of the electric or hybrid vehicle.
- the invention also relates to an electric or hybrid vehicle comprising a traction battery, a smoothing capacitor and a traction inverter, the smoothing capacitor and the input of the traction inverter being able to be connected to the terminals of the traction battery, the outputs of the traction inverter being connected to stator windings of an electric traction motor of the vehicle, and a neutral point of the electric traction motor being able to be connected to a positive terminal of a voltage source delivering a voltage lower than the voltage at the terminals of the traction battery, the traction inverter having three switching arms each comprising a low switch and a high switch, the electric or hybrid vehicle comprising means for recharging the traction battery capable of applying a switching duty cycle to the switches, the electric or hybrid vehicle being characterized in that the recharging means are configured to close a first and a second of the low switches in phase and to open and close a third of the low switches in phase opposition with respect to the first and second low switches.
- the electric or hybrid vehicle further comprises a switch comprising a first terminal connected to the neutral point and a second terminal connected to the positive terminal of the voltage source, and a capacitor connected on the one hand to the second terminal of the switch and on the other hand to a negative input terminal of the traction inverter.
- the capacitor makes it possible to avoid an excessive current draw in the stator inductances when starting the charge, and the switch makes it possible to disconnect this capacitor from the neutral point before a rolling phase of the vehicle.
- the electric or hybrid vehicle preferably comprises means for measuring the angular position of an axis of a rotor winding of the electric traction motor, and means for choosing the third low switch as that of the low switches which is capable of loading that of the stator windings of the axis. forming the largest angle with the measured angular position of the rotor winding axis by the measuring means.
- It also preferably comprises means for pre-positioning the axis of the rotor winding, orthogonally to the axis of one of the stator windings, the third low switch being chosen by the selection means as being the one capable of loading said stator winding with an axis made orthogonal to the axis of the rotor winding by the pre-positioning means.
- the pre-positioning means comprise, for example, means for supplying the rotor winding and two of the stator windings distinct from the stator winding, the axis of which is made orthogonal to the axis of the rotor winding by the pre-positioning means.
- the electric or hybrid vehicle according to the invention has advantages similar to those of the recharging method according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 represents a vehicle charging system according to the invention implementing the charging method according to the invention, the vehicle being connected to an external charging terminal, in one embodiment of the invention,
- FIG. 1 represents a first switching diagram usable in the charging system of figure 1, as well as stator currents in an electric motor of the vehicle, and an input current in the corresponding charging system, this first switching diagram not being proposed by the invention,
- FIG. 3 represents a second switching scheme usable in the charging system of figure 1, as well as stator currents in an electric motor of the vehicle and an input current in the charging system corresponding thereto, this second switching scheme not being proposed by the invention,
- FIG. 4 represents steps of a recharging method according to the invention, in the embodiment of the invention of figure 1,
- fig 5] represents a third switching scheme usable in the charging system of figure 1, as well as stator currents in an electric motor of the vehicle, and an input current in the charging system corresponding thereto, this third switching scheme being proposed by the invention,
- fig 6 represents the electric motor of the vehicle of figure 1, in a case of use of the embodiment of figure 1, and in particular a position of a rotor winding of the motor relative to the stator windings of the motor,
- FIG. 7 reproduces, as a function of the phase shift between the switches of a traction inverter of the vehicle of figure 1, a curve representative of the current ripple at the input of the charging system, a curve representative of the ripple of a direct component of stator current in the vehicle electric motor, a curve representative of the absolute value of this direct component and a curve representative of the absolute value of a quadratic component of the stator current, a curve representative of an average of the stator current and a curve representative of an average of the homopolar current in the electric motor, all these curves being derived from simulations carried out for a duty cycle of 0.5 and for a situation in which the axis of the rotor winding of the electric motor is aligned with the axis of one of the stator windings of the electric motor,
- a vehicle according to the invention comprises a charging system shown in Figure 1, incorporating elements of the vehicle's powertrain.
- the vehicle comprises a traction battery 28 with a nominal no-load voltage of 800V.
- the traction battery 28 in this example of use of the invention, is sufficiently discharged to require recharging and therefore has a voltage Vbatt at its terminals of, for example, between 500 and 600V.
- the vehicle is connected to an external charging terminal 40, capable of supplying 400V at most.
- the charging terminal 40 includes internal contactors which close before the start of a recharge of the traction battery 28. During this charge, it behaves like a voltage source, with a voltage VDC at its terminals equal to 400V.
- the vehicle charging system connected to the charging terminal 40, comprises a switch 38, a first terminal of which is connected to the negative terminal of the charging terminal 40, and a second terminal of which is connected to a negative terminal of a capacitor 22.
- the capacitor 22 comprises a positive terminal connected to the positive terminal of the charging terminal 40 and is therefore connected in parallel to the charging terminal 40 via the switch 38.
- the capacitor 22 and the switch 38 form a precharging system at the input of the charging system.
- the capacitor 22 also makes it possible to filter the voltage variations and to stabilize the latter from the point of view of the terminal.
- the charging system further comprises a switch 36 connected on the one hand to the positive terminal of the capacitor 22 and on the other hand to a neutral point N forming a positive input terminal of a voltage booster of the charging system.
- a negative terminal of the voltage booster is connected to the negative terminal of the capacitor 22.
- the voltage booster is therefore connected at the input to the capacitor 22 via the switch 36, and is connected at the output to the traction battery 28.
- the voltage booster consists of stator windings L1, L2, L3 of a three-phase electric motor 20 (referenced in figure 6) for traction of the vehicle, a traction inverter 24 and a smoothing capacitor 26 at the output of the voltage booster, the smoothing capacitor 26 being connected to the terminals of the traction battery 28 via relays or switches 32 and 34.
- stator windings Ll, L2, L3 are mounted in star and therefore connected together at the neutral point N.
- a first switching arm of the inverter 24 comprises a high switch 1_H, a first terminal of which is connected to a positive output terminal of the voltage booster, and a second terminal of which is connected to a free end of the stator winding L1, i.e. to the end of the stator winding opposite the neutral point N.
- the first switching arm also comprises a low switch 1_L, a first terminal of which is connected to the free end of the stator winding L1 and a second terminal of which is connected to a negative output terminal of the voltage booster.
- the positive output terminal of the voltage booster is connected to a terminal of the switch 32 and to a positive terminal of the smoothing capacitor 26, while the terminal negative output of the voltage booster is connected to a terminal of the switch 34 and to a negative terminal of the smoothing capacitor 26.
- the traction inverter 24 comprises a second switching arm comprising a high switch 2_H, a first terminal of which is connected to the positive output terminal of the voltage booster, and a second terminal of which is connected to a free end of the stator winding L2.
- the second switching arm also comprises a low switch 2_L, a first terminal of which is connected to the free end of the stator winding L2 and a second terminal of which is connected to the negative output terminal of the voltage booster.
- the traction inverter 24 comprises a third switching arm comprising a high switch 3_H, a first terminal of which is connected to the positive output terminal of the voltage booster, and a second terminal of which is connected to a free end of the stator winding L3.
- the third switching arm also comprises a low switch 3_L, a first terminal of which is connected to the free end of the stator winding L3 and a second terminal of which is connected to the negative output terminal of the voltage booster.
- the high switches 1_H, 2_H, 3_H and low switches 1_L, 2_L, 3_L are controlled switches, for example transistors.
- the charging system therefore comprises a control circuit (not shown) capable of controlling these switches so as to make them switch according to a duty cycle a.
- This control circuit is part of the vehicle's charging means.
- the duty cycle a corresponds to the ratio between the closing time of the low switches 1_L, 2_L and 3_L and the switching period Tpwm, which is the inverse of the frequency f of this switching.
- the low switches are closed for *Tpwm microseconds and open for (1- a) *Tpwm microseconds, these opening and closing times being able to be distributed over the switching period.
- the switching period Tpwm is 50ps (microseconds).
- the curves V1_L, V2_L and V3_L represent the control voltages of the low switches 1_L, 2_L and 3_L respectively in volts although the units are not shown.
- these control voltages are non-zero over a closing time interval of duration a *Tpwm, this time interval being identical for the three low switches 1_L, 2_L and 3_L, i.e. they are closed at the same time over a switching period, while the high switches 1_H, 2_H and 3_H are open over this time interval. This is therefore a so-called pulsed control.
- stator currents II, 12, 13 flowing respectively in the stator windings Ll, L2, L3 increase during the charging of the inductances formed by these windings, that is to say during the closing of the low switches 1_L, 2_L and 3_L, and decrease during the charging of the smoothing capacitor 26, that is to say during the opening of the low switches 1_L, 2_L and 3_L corresponding to a period of closing of the high switches 1_H, 2_H and 3_H.
- the current lin at the input of the voltage booster is equal to the sum of the stator currents II, 12, 13 and therefore presents a strong variation over a switching period.
- this pulsed command causes a strong current ripple in the load terminal 40 because the sum of the stator currents II, 12, 13 have their maxima positioned at the same time.
- this pulsed command produces a weak stator field, therefore a weak induced voltage at the rotor of the electric motor 20, and consequently low iron losses in the electric motor 20.
- stator windings being supplied at the same time each with a quasi-identical current (the stator inductances being configured to be equal but not generally being completely identical), they produce magnetic fields which almost cancel each other out, given the configuration of the stator windings, regularly distributed around the rotor.
- the rotor flux i f produced at the rotor is very low and the voltage Vf induced at the rotor also.
- the low switches 1_L, 2_L and 3_L close for the same duration but in a staggered manner relative to each other. Indeed, since the switching period is divided into sixths, the low switch 1_L is closed for the first three sixths of the switching period, and open for the last three sixths of the switching period, while the low switch 2_L is closed from the third to the fifth sixth inclusive of the switching period and the low switch 3_L is closed for the first sixth of the switching period and the last two sixths of the switching period. This switch control is said to be interleaved.
- stator currents II, 12, 13 flowing respectively in the stator windings Ll, L2, L3 therefore increase and decrease in a staggered manner relative to each other, which is similar to a phase shift.
- the stator currents II, 12, 13 are therefore 120° out of phase with each other.
- the current lin at the input of the voltage booster being the sum of these stator currents II, 12, 13, therefore has a low current ripple.
- stator current vector Is resulting from the vector sum of the stator currents II, 12, 13 vectorized in directions angularly offset by 120° is a vector rotating at the speed corresponding to the switching frequency.
- the direct component Id of the stator current will therefore present strong variations during the switching period (it should be noted that the rotor does not rotate, so the Park reference is fixed relative to the stator), which implies a very high induced voltage Vf at the rotor.
- the magnetic fields created by the stator windings being out of phase with each other, the resulting magnetic flux is very high and generates high iron losses.
- the invention makes it possible to overcome these drawbacks thanks to the recharging method 100 shown in FIG. 4 and implemented in the recharging system of FIG. 1.
- the recharging method 100 is for example implemented in software in a microcomputer controlling the traction inverter 24 and in hardware by the traction inverter 24, its control circuit and the measuring means to which the traction inverter is connected, such as a resolver.
- the recharging method therefore comprises a recharging step 140, implementing a switching diagram shown in Figure 5.
- the first and second low switches 1_L and 2_L respectively of the first and second switching arms are closed at the same time over a time interval of duration a *Tpwm over the switching period, and open over the remainder of the switching period, while the third low switch 3_L of the third switching arm is open over the time interval corresponding to the closing of the first and second low switches 1_L and 2_L, and closed over a time interval of duration a *Tpwm over the remainder of the switching period.
- the principle of this switching scheme used throughout the recharging step 140 is to not create a rotating vector while not having a pulsed command.
- One of the low switches therefore closes in phase opposition with the other two low switches, which close in phase.
- the low switch that switches in phase opposition with the other two low switches is not necessarily that of the third switching arm.
- the choice of this low switch is made during a previous step 130 which will be detailed later.
- the duty cycle a is 0.5 but it can of course be smaller or larger.
- the low switches will all be open for a duration equal to 0.14 times the switching period.
- the input current lin of the voltage booster has a low current ripple, because the sum of the stator currents II, I2 and I3 varies as one of the stator currents is in phase with another of the stator currents.
- the current ripple is therefore three times lower than with pulsed control.
- stator current vector Is is always directed along the axis of the stator winding corresponding to the low switch which is in phase opposition with the other two.
- the resulting magnetic field created by the stator windings is therefore also directed along this direction, as illustrated in Figure 6.
- stator winding Ll supplied by the stator current II creates the magnetic field 4>1
- stator winding L2 supplied by the stator current 12 creates the magnetic field 2
- stator winding L3 supplied by the stator current 13 creates the magnetic field CD.
- the direct component Id of the stator current in the Park frame being the projection of the stator current vector Is on the d axis of the rotor (or more precisely of the rotor winding R), we see that this current Id is not a priori zero, and neither is its variation.
- the induced voltage Vf at the rotor is therefore non-zero except when the current Id is zero, that is to say when the d axis is orthogonal to the c axis or more generally to the c axis. stator winding corresponding to the low switch closing in phase opposition with the two other low switches.
- the current Id is minimized and for this we choose as the low switch closing in phase opposition with the two other low switches, the one whose corresponding stator winding has an axis forming the largest acute angle (in absolute value) with the axis d of the rotor winding R, not supplied.
- the recharging method 100 comprises, prior to the recharging step 140, a step 110 of measuring the angular position P of the axis d of the rotor relative to a reference axis z, here identical to the axis a of the stator winding L1.
- This angular measurement P makes it possible to determine the acute angle yl (equal to P here given the choice of the reference axis z) that the axis d of the rotor makes with the axis a of the stator winding L1, the acute angle y2 that the axis d of the rotor makes with the axis b of the stator winding L2, and the acute angle y3 that the axis d of the rotor makes with the axis c of the stator winding L3, and to determine in particular what is the largest acute angle in absolute value between these three angles yl, y2 and y3.
- the acute angle y3 being, in this case of use of the invention, greater in absolute value than the acute angles yl and y2, it is judicious to choose the third low switch 3_L as the one closing in phase opposition with the first and second low switches 1_L and 2_L.
- the measuring step 110 is followed by a step 120 of prepositioning the axis d of the rotor winding R, so as to make it orthogonal to one of the axes a, b or c of the stator windings L1, L2 or L3.
- the axis d of the rotor winding R is made orthogonal to the axis c of the stator winding L3, which makes it possible to slightly modify the position of the axis d of the rotor winding R.
- the rotor winding R is temporarily supplied with a direct current of 5A (amperes), the stator winding L1 with a direct current of 70A and the stator winding L2 with a direct current of -70A.
- the prepositioning uses mechanical means.
- this step 120 of pre-positioning the recharging method 100 does not take place if the axis d of the rotor winding R has an angular deviation close to 90° with one of the axes a, b or c of the stator windings LI, L2 or L3, for example close to 90° to within 5°.
- this step 120 of pre-positioning the recharging method 100 only takes place if the axis d of the rotor winding R is almost aligned with one of the axes a, b or c of the stator windings LI, L2 or L3, for example has an acute angle of 5° in absolute value with one of these axes a, b or c.
- the next step of the recharging method 100 is a step 130 of choosing the low switch as the one closing in phase opposition with the other low switches.
- this is the third switch 3_L, the axis of the stator winding L3 having been made orthogonal to the axis d of the rotor winding R.
- the low switch closing in phase opposition with the two other low switches is chosen, the one whose corresponding stator winding has an axis forming the largest acute angle (in absolute value) with the axis d of the rotor winding R, not powered.
- the next step of the recharging method 100 is the recharging step 140 using the switching scheme described above in relation to FIG. 5.
- the X axes of the abscissas expressed in degrees correspond to the phase shift between the application of successive commands of two switching arms.
- a phase shift of 100° means that the low switch 2_L is closed with a phase shift of 100° relative to the closing of the low switch 1_L, and that the low switch 3_L is closed with a phase shift of 100° relative to the closing of the low switch 2_L.
- This phase shift of 100° corresponds to a time interval of 100/180 times the switching period.
- the simulation curves in Figure 7 correspond to a duty cycle of 0.5, a battery voltage of 800V, a maximum current delivered by the terminal of 360A, and a position of the d axis of the rotor winding R aligned with the position of the a axis of the stator winding Ll.
- the stator inductances LI, L2 and L3 are 200pH (microHenry) in these simulations, and the switching frequency is 15kHz.
- a first Alin curve shows the current ripple as a function of the phase shift chosen on the abscissa, i.e. the difference between the maximum value of the lin current at the input of the voltage booster, and the minimum value of the lin current at the input of the voltage booster.
- Points B on this first Alin curve correspond to the switching pattern of Figure 2
- points E on this first Alin curve correspond to the switching pattern of Figure 3
- point C on this first Alin curve corresponds to the switching pattern of Figure 5.
- This first Alin curve shows that the switching scheme proposed by the invention has a current ripple at the input of the voltage booster which is much lower than with pulsed control.
- a second Aid curve shows the ripple of the direct component Id of the stator current as a function of the phase shift chosen on the abscissa, i.e. the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of this direct component Id.
- This second Aid curve shows that the switching scheme proposed by the invention allows a variation of this direct component Id much lower than in the case of an interlaced control, and therefore much less iron losses, although the position of the rotor is not favorable to obtaining a low direct component Id of stator current.
- the invention therefore allows a very good compromise between pulsed control and interlaced control.
- shows the variation of the absolute value of the direct component Id of stator current as a function of the phase shift chosen on the abscissa
- shows the variation of the absolute value of the quadratic component Iq of stator current in the Park frame, as a function of the phase shift chosen on the abscissa.
- a fifth curve ⁇ Is> shows the variation of the average of the stator currents II, 12, 13 as a function of the phase shift chosen on the abscissa
- a sixth curve ⁇ 10> shows the variation of the average of the homopolar component of stator current in the Park frame, as a function of the phase shift chosen on the abscissa.
- Figure 8 shows simulation curves corresponding to those of Figure 7, with the units on the abscissa and ordinate being identical and all simulation parameters being identical except for the position of the d-axis of the rotor winding R, which is 90° with the position of the axis of the stator winding connected to the bottom switch switching in phase opposition with the other two bottom switches.
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202480054694.9A CN121752466A (zh) | 2023-08-02 | 2024-07-16 | 用于采用电压低于牵引电池的电压的电压源对牵引电池进行再充电的方法及对应车辆 |
| KR1020267006532A KR20260044980A (ko) | 2023-08-02 | 2024-07-16 | 구동 배터리의 전압보다 낮은 전압의 전압원을 사용하여 구동 배터리를 충전하는 방법 및 해당 차량 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2308373A FR3151806B1 (fr) | 2023-08-02 | 2023-08-02 | Procédé de recharge d’une batterie de traction par une source de tension inférieure à celle de la batterie de traction et véhicule correspondant |
| FRFR2308373 | 2023-08-02 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2025026730A1 true WO2025026730A1 (fr) | 2025-02-06 |
Family
ID=88585325
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2024/070175 Pending WO2025026730A1 (fr) | 2023-08-02 | 2024-07-16 | Procédé de recharge d'une batterie de traction par une source de tension inférieure à celle de la batterie de traction et véhicule correspondant |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| KR (1) | KR20260044980A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN121752466A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3151806B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2025026730A1 (fr) |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114590173A (zh) * | 2020-12-04 | 2022-06-07 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 电池能量处理装置及其控制方法、车辆 |
-
2023
- 2023-08-02 FR FR2308373A patent/FR3151806B1/fr active Active
-
2024
- 2024-07-16 KR KR1020267006532A patent/KR20260044980A/ko active Pending
- 2024-07-16 WO PCT/EP2024/070175 patent/WO2025026730A1/fr active Pending
- 2024-07-16 CN CN202480054694.9A patent/CN121752466A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114590173A (zh) * | 2020-12-04 | 2022-06-07 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 电池能量处理装置及其控制方法、车辆 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3151806A1 (fr) | 2025-02-07 |
| CN121752466A (zh) | 2026-03-27 |
| KR20260044980A (ko) | 2026-04-02 |
| FR3151806B1 (fr) | 2025-12-05 |
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