WO2025017845A1 - 端末及び無線通信方法 - Google Patents

端末及び無線通信方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025017845A1
WO2025017845A1 PCT/JP2023/026316 JP2023026316W WO2025017845A1 WO 2025017845 A1 WO2025017845 A1 WO 2025017845A1 JP 2023026316 W JP2023026316 W JP 2023026316W WO 2025017845 A1 WO2025017845 A1 WO 2025017845A1
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Prior art keywords
quality
guaranteed
communication
information
guarantee
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
春陽 越後
祐輝 松村
真哉 岡村
康介 島
聡 永田
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NTT Docomo Inc
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NTT Docomo Inc
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Priority to JP2025533777A priority Critical patent/JPWO2025017845A1/ja
Priority to CN202380098774.XA priority patent/CN121488586A/zh
Priority to PCT/JP2023/026316 priority patent/WO2025017845A1/ja
Publication of WO2025017845A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025017845A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/56—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on priority criteria
    • H04W72/566—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on priority criteria of the information or information source or recipient

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to a terminal and a wireless communication method that support communication quality assurance.
  • the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP: registered trademark) is defining specifications for the 5th generation mobile communication system (5G, also known as New Radio (NR) or Next Generation (NG)) and is also developing specifications for the next generation, known as Beyond 5G, 5G Evolution or 6G.
  • 5G also known as New Radio (NR) or Next Generation (NG)
  • NG Next Generation
  • Non-Patent Document 1 the reliability of ultra-reliable, low-latency communications (URLLC) has been considered to be up to 99.9999%, but in 6G, a further improvement of an order of magnitude (99.99999%) is expected to be the target value (Non-Patent Document 1).
  • 5G and 6G mobile communications services are essentially public network services targeted at an unspecified number of users, and services are provided on a best-effort basis.
  • the following disclosure has been made in light of this situation, and aims to provide a terminal and a wireless communication method that can guarantee a certain level of communication quality while achieving a high level of coexistence with terminals whose communication quality is not guaranteed.
  • a terminal that includes a control unit (control unit 270) that executes settings using radio resources that are differentiated for high-priority terminals for which a specific communication quality is guaranteed in a mobile communication network from settings for low-priority terminals for which the specific communication quality is not guaranteed, and a communication unit (radio signal transmission/reception unit 210) that executes wireless communication using the radio resources.
  • control unit 270 controls the control unit 270
  • radio signal transmission/reception unit 210 that executes wireless communication using the radio resources.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the overall configuration of a wireless communication system 10.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a radio frame, a subframe, and a slot used in the radio communication system 10.
  • Figure 3 is a functional block diagram of gNB100 and UE200A, UE200B.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example (part 1) of a communication sequence between a UE and a gNB according to the first embodiment and operation example 1.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example (part 2) of a communication sequence between a UE and a gNB according to the first embodiment and operation example 1.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example (part 3) of a communication sequence between a UE and a gNB according to the first embodiment, operation example 1.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the correspondence between IDs and minimum quality assurance requirements according to the first embodiment and the second operation example.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the correspondence between IDs and minimum quality guarantee permission according to the first embodiment and the second operation example.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of resource allocation for a guarantee permission notification of the minimum quality according to the first embodiment and the second operation example.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of resource allocation for minimum quality guarantee according to the first embodiment, operation example 3.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a cell for minimum quality assurance according to the first embodiment and operation example 3, and cells for both types of UE, that is, other/non-minimum quality assurance UE and minimum quality assurance UE.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a cell for minimum quality assurance according to the first embodiment and operation example 3, and cells for both types of UE, that is, other/non-minimum quality assurance UE and minimum quality assurance
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of a minimum quality assurance period according to the first embodiment, operation example 4.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a display (on a smartphone) for making a user recognize that the minimum quality guarantee period is in effect according to the first embodiment and the fourth operation example.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a display example (smart watch) for making a user recognize that the minimum quality guarantee period is in effect according to the first embodiment, operation example 4.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example (part 1) of a communication sequence between a UE and a gNB according to the first embodiment, operation example 6.
  • Figure 16 is a diagram showing an example (part 2) of a communication sequence between a UE and a gNB according to the first embodiment, example 6.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of SSB settings according to the second embodiment, operation example 1-1.
  • Figure 18 is a diagram showing an example of the arrangement of normal cells and high priority UE dedicated cells relating to the second embodiment/operation example 1.
  • Figure 19 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of gNB100 and UE200A and UE200B.
  • FIG. 20 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle 2001.
  • the wireless communication system 10 is a wireless communication system conforming to a method called Beyond 5G, 5G Evolution, or 6G (hereinafter referred to as 6G), and includes a Radio Access Network 20 (hereinafter referred to as RAN20), and terminals 200A and 200B (User Equipment 200A, 200B, hereinafter referred to as UE200A, UE200B).
  • RAN20 Radio Access Network 20
  • UE200A, UE200B User Equipment 200A, 200B
  • the wireless communication system 10 may be a wireless communication system conforming to a specification other than 6G, such as 5G New Radio (NR).
  • NR 5G New Radio
  • the RAN 20 includes a radio base station 100 (hereinafter, gNB 100).
  • gNB 100 radio base station 100
  • the specific configuration of the radio communication system 10, including the number of gNBs and UEs, is not limited to the example shown in FIG. 1.
  • RAN20 actually includes multiple RAN Nodes, specifically, gNBs (or ng-eNBs), and is connected to a core network conforming to 6G.
  • the RAN20 and the core network may simply be referred to as a "network.”
  • the network formed by UE200A, UE200B, RAN20 (including gNB100), and the core network may also be referred to as a mobile communications network (PLMN: Public Land Mobile Network).
  • PLMN Public Land Mobile Network
  • the type of DC may be Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC), which uses multiple radio access technologies, or Dual Connectivity, which uses only 6G.
  • MR-DC Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity
  • one of the gNBs may constitute the master node (MN) and the other gNB may constitute the secondary node (SN).
  • MN master node
  • SN secondary node
  • FR1 410 MHz to 7.125 GHz
  • FR2 ⁇ FR2-1: 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz
  • FR2-2 Over 52.6GHz to 71GHz FR1 may use a Sub-Carrier Spacing (SCS) of 15, 30 or 60 kHz and a bandwidth (BW) of 5 to 100 MHz.
  • SCS Sub-Carrier Spacing
  • BW bandwidth
  • FR2 is a higher frequency than FR1, and may use a SCS of 60 or 120 kHz (including 240 kHz) and a bandwidth (BW) of 50 to 400 MHz.
  • the wireless communication system 10 may also be compatible with frequency bands higher than the FR2 frequency band. Specifically, the wireless communication system 10 may be compatible with frequency bands greater than 52.6 GHz and up to 114.25 GHz.
  • Cyclic Prefix-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM)/Discrete Fourier Transform-Spread (DFT-S-OFDM) with larger Sub-Carrier Spacing (SCS) may also be applied.
  • DFT-S-OFDM may be applied not only to the uplink (UL) but also to the downlink (DL).
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of the configuration of a radio frame, subframe, and slot used in the wireless communication system 10.
  • time direction (t) shown in Figure 2 may be called the time domain, symbol period, or symbol time.
  • the frequency direction may be called the frequency domain, resource block (RB), resource block group (RBG), subcarrier, BWP (Bandwidth part), etc.
  • a certain communication quality may simply mean the minimum communication quality that can be guaranteed, but is not necessarily limited to the minimum communication quality. For example, multiple different levels of communication quality may be selectively guaranteed depending on the network conditions, etc., or different levels of communication quality may be guaranteed depending on the capabilities of the UE, etc.
  • Guaranteed communication quality may mean that a service with that communication quality can always be enjoyed during the guaranteed period.
  • a service with guaranteed communication quality may be interpreted as a service that is the polar opposite of a best-effort service.
  • the level of communication quality is not an issue; for example, ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) is a best-effort service in which the level of communication quality that can be enjoyed is reasonably high, but the communication quality is not necessarily guaranteed.
  • URLLC ultra-reliable and low-latency communication
  • the level of communication quality is low, if the communication quality can always be enjoyed, the service can be said to have guaranteed communication quality.
  • the content of communication quality is not particularly limited, but typical examples include throughput, latency, and the number of simultaneously connected UEs. Specific examples of communication quality will be described later.
  • different communication qualities may be guaranteed for UE200A and UE200B.
  • communication quality may be guaranteed for only one of the UEs.
  • High priority UEs may also be interpreted as UEs with guaranteed communication quality, UEs requesting communication quality guarantees, UEs with minimum quality guarantees, Guaranteed UEs, or UEs supporting quality guarantee functionality.
  • Low priority UE may also be interpreted as a UE for which communication quality is not guaranteed, a UE that does not request communication quality guarantee, a non-guaranteed UE, or a UE that does not support the quality guarantee function.
  • UE200A (as well as UE200B) may operate as a high priority UE or a low priority UE depending on the capability or state of UE200A. In other words, whether UE200A is a high priority UE or not may be changed dynamically.
  • UE 200A (as well as UE 200B) includes a radio signal transmitting/receiving unit 210, an amplifier unit 220, a modulation/demodulation unit 230, a control signal/reference signal processing unit 240, an encoding/decoding unit 250, a data transmitting/receiving unit 260, and a control unit 270.
  • FIG. 3 shows only the main functional blocks relevant to the description of the embodiment, and that UE200A (gNB100) has other functional blocks (e.g., a power supply unit, etc.). Also, FIG. 3 shows the functional block configuration of UE200A, and for the hardware configuration, please refer to FIG. 19.
  • the wireless signal transmitting/receiving unit 210 transmits and receives wireless signals conforming to 6G.
  • the wireless signal transmitting/receiving unit 210 can support Massive MIMO, which generates more directional beams by controlling radio frequency (RF) signals transmitted from multiple antenna elements, Carrier Aggregation (CA), which uses multiple component carriers (CC) by bundling them together, and Dual Connectivity (DC), which allows simultaneous communication between a UE and each of two NG-RAN nodes.
  • Massive MIMO which generates more directional beams by controlling radio frequency (RF) signals transmitted from multiple antenna elements
  • CA Carrier Aggregation
  • CC component carriers
  • DC Dual Connectivity
  • the amplifier section 220 is composed of a PA (Power Amplifier)/LNA (Low Noise Amplifier) etc.
  • the amplifier section 220 amplifies the signal output from the modem section 230 to a predetermined power level.
  • the amplifier section 220 also amplifies the RF signal output from the wireless signal transmission/reception section 210.
  • the modem unit 230 performs data modulation/demodulation, transmission power setting, resource block allocation, etc. for each predetermined communication destination (such as gNB100).
  • the modem unit 230 may apply Cyclic Prefix-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM)/Discrete Fourier Transform-Spread (DFT-S-OFDM).
  • CP-OFDM Cyclic Prefix-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • DFT-S-OFDM Discrete Fourier Transform-Spread
  • DFT-S-OFDM may be used not only for the uplink (UL) but also for the downlink (DL).
  • the control signal/reference signal processing unit 240 performs processing related to various control signals transmitted and received by the UE 200A, and processing related to various reference signals transmitted and received by the UE 200A.
  • control signal/reference signal processor 240 receives various control signals, such as radio resource control layer (RRC) control signals, transmitted from the gNB 100 via a predetermined control channel.
  • RRC radio resource control layer
  • the control signal/reference signal processor 240 also transmits various control signals to the gNB 100 via a predetermined control channel.
  • the control signal/reference signal processing unit 240 performs processing using reference signals (RS) such as the Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) and the Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS).
  • RS reference signals
  • DMRS Demodulation Reference Signal
  • PTRS Phase Tracking Reference Signal
  • DMRS is a known reference signal (pilot signal) between the base station and the terminal for each terminal, used to estimate the fading channel used for data demodulation.
  • PTRS is a terminal-specific reference signal intended to estimate phase noise, which is an issue in high frequency bands.
  • reference signals may also include Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS), Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), and Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) for location information.
  • CSI-RS Channel State Information-Reference Signal
  • SRS Sounding Reference Signal
  • PRS Positioning Reference Signal
  • Control channels may include control channels and data channels.
  • Control channels may include PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel), RACH (Random Access Channel, Downlink Control Information (DCI) including Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI)), and Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH).
  • PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
  • PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel
  • RACH Random Access Channel
  • DCI Downlink Control Information
  • RA-RNTI Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier
  • PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel
  • data channels include PDSCH and PUSCH.
  • Data may refer to data transmitted via a data channel.
  • control signal/reference signal processing unit 240 may receive a guarantee permission from the network (specifically, gNB100) indicating that a specific communication quality in the mobile communication network will be guaranteed.
  • the control signal/reference signal processing unit 240 may constitute a receiving unit that receives the guarantee permission.
  • the guarantee permission may be for a minimum communication quality guaranteed in the mobile communication network, or for at least one of a number of different levels of communication quality.
  • the guarantee permission may be transmitted by lower layer signaling (e.g., DCI) or by higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC).
  • the control signal/reference signal processing unit 240 may transmit a guarantee request to the gNB 100, requesting that a specific communication quality be guaranteed in the mobile communication network.
  • the control signal/reference signal processing unit 240 may constitute a transmission unit that transmits the guarantee request.
  • the guarantee request may also be transmitted by lower layer signaling or by higher layer signaling.
  • the control signal/reference signal processing unit 240 may transmit a guarantee request including at least one of the guarantee period, start timing, end timing, guarantee priority, and guarantee target of a specific communication quality.
  • the gNB100 may transmit the above-mentioned guarantee permission to the UE200A in response to the guarantee request transmitted from the UE200A. Specific examples of the guarantee request and guarantee permission will be described later.
  • control signal/reference signal processing unit 240 may receive guaranteed communication quality information from the gNB 100, which indicates the communication quality that can be guaranteed in the mobile communication network.
  • control signal/reference signal processing unit 240 may constitute a receiving unit that receives the guaranteed communication quality information.
  • the control signal/reference signal processing unit 240 may receive guaranteed communication quality information according to the capability of the UE 200A.
  • the guaranteed communication quality information may include one or more parameters indicating the communication quality guaranteed in the mobile communication network.
  • control signal/reference signal processing unit 240 may receive guaranteed communication quality information including at least one of the throughput and latency in the UE 200A, the throughput in the cell, the reliability, and the positioning accuracy of the UE 200A.
  • the control signal/reference signal processing unit 240 may transmit an information request requesting the guaranteed communication quality information to the gNB 100.
  • the control signal/reference signal processing unit 240 may constitute a transmitting unit that transmits the information request.
  • the guaranteed communication quality information and the information request may also be transmitted by lower layer signaling or by higher layer signaling.
  • the gNB 100 may transmit the above-mentioned guaranteed communication quality information to the UE 200A. Specific examples of the information request and the guaranteed communication quality information will be described later.
  • control signal/reference signal processing unit 240 may receive reception information from the gNB 100 indicating whether or not quality guaranteed communication in which a specific communication quality is guaranteed in the mobile communication network is being accepted.
  • the control signal/reference signal processing unit 240 may constitute a receiving unit that receives the reception information.
  • the reception information may simply indicate that quality assured communication (High priority UE) is being accepted, but may also include parameters related to the quality assured communication.
  • the reception information may include parameters related to PRACH (Physical RACH) resources for High priority UE, cells for High priority UE, etc.
  • PRACH Physical RACH
  • the reception information may also be transmitted by lower layer signaling or by higher layer signaling.
  • control signal/reference signal processing unit 240 may receive condition information from the gNB 100 indicating guarantee conditions for guaranteeing a specific communication quality in the mobile communication network.
  • control signal/reference signal processing unit 240 may constitute a receiving unit that receives the condition information.
  • the guarantee conditions can be determined on the network side.
  • the guarantee conditions (which may also be called quality guarantee conditions) may be interpreted as the performance or state that the UE200A side should have in order to guarantee a specific communication quality in the mobile communication network.
  • the performance or state may include the reception quality (such as radio wave strength) at the UE200A, the area in which the UE200A is located, etc.
  • the control signal/reference signal processing unit 240 may transmit dissatisfaction information indicating that the UE 200A does not satisfy the above-mentioned guarantee conditions to the gNB 100.
  • the control signal/reference signal processing unit 240 may constitute a transmission unit that transmits the dissatisfaction information.
  • control signal/reference signal processing unit 240 may transmit the dissatisfaction information.
  • the condition information and dissatisfaction information may also be transmitted by lower layer signaling or by higher layer signaling.
  • control signal/reference signal processing unit 240 may transmit capability information indicating the terminal capabilities of the UE 200A to the network.
  • the control signal/reference signal processing unit 240 can transmit UE Capability Information (see FIG. 1) regarding the guarantee of communication quality to the gNB 100.
  • the encoding/decoding unit 250 performs data division/concatenation and channel coding/decoding for each specified communication destination (gNB100 or another gNB).
  • the encoding/decoding unit 250 divides the data output from the data transmission/reception unit 260 into pieces of a predetermined size, and performs channel coding on the divided data.
  • the encoding/decoding unit 250 also decodes the data output from the modem unit 230, and concatenates the decoded data.
  • the data transmission/reception unit 260 transmits and receives Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and Service Data Units (SDUs). Specifically, the data transmission/reception unit 260 performs assembly/disassembly of PDUs/SDUs in multiple layers (such as the Medium Access Control layer (MAC), Radio Link Control layer (RLC), and Packet Data Convergence Protocol layer (PDCP)). The data transmission/reception unit 260 also performs data error correction and retransmission control based on hybrid automatic repeat request (Hybrid ARQ).
  • Hybrid ARQ hybrid automatic repeat request
  • the control unit 270 controls each functional block constituting the UE 200A.
  • the control unit 270 can execute control related to guaranteeing a specific communication quality in the mobile communication network.
  • control unit 270 may assume that a specific communication quality is guaranteed for at least a specific period of time based on the permission to guarantee the specific communication quality received from the gNB100.
  • the specific communication quality may be a minimum communication quality guaranteed in a mobile communication network, or may be a graded communication quality with different levels according to the capabilities of the UE, etc.
  • the specific period is not particularly limited, but may typically be in slot units, half-frame units, etc., or may be specified by the number of seconds, etc.
  • the control unit 270 may set radio resources reserved for guaranteeing a specific communication quality based on the guarantee permission.
  • the radio resources reserved for guaranteeing a specific communication quality may be interpreted as radio resources for high priority UE, as described above, and may be interpreted as radio resources that are exclusively reserved separately from radio resources for low priority UE (or may be radio resources other than high priority UE).
  • control unit 270 may assume that a specific communication quality is guaranteed for at least a specific period of time based on the guaranteed communication quality information received from the gNB100. Specifically, the control unit 270 may refer to the communication quality that can be guaranteed in the mobile communication network indicated by the guaranteed communication quality information, and assume that the communication quality is guaranteed, provided that the UE200A has appropriate capabilities.
  • the control unit 270 may receive guaranteed communication quality information according to the capability of the UE 200A, and perform configuration according to the capability of the UE 200A based on the guaranteed communication quality information. For example, the control unit 270 may secure radio resources required according to the guaranteed throughput, and perform configuration using the radio resources.
  • the control unit 270 may also perform configuration using radio resources that are differentiated for High priority UE (high priority terminal), for which a specific communication quality is guaranteed in the mobile communication network, from Low priority UE (low priority terminal), for which a specific communication quality is not guaranteed.
  • control unit 270 may perform configuration using a cell for high priority UE (which may be a dedicated cell).
  • a gNB, CC, RB, BAND, etc. may also be provided for high priority UE.
  • the control unit 270 may also perform the initial connection (which may be interpreted as a random access (RA) procedure) using random access channel resources (PRACH resources) for high priority UEs. That is, the PRACH resources for high priority UEs may be different from the PRACH resources for other UEs.
  • RA random access
  • the control unit 270 may perform configuration using radio resources that are available only when the status of UE200A is High priority UE. As described above, the status of UE200A (High priority UE or other than High priority UE) may be changed dynamically, and the control unit 270 may perform configuration using radio resources for High priority UE when the status of UE200A is High priority UE.
  • the control unit 270 may determine that the status of UE 200A is a High priority UE based on the fact that configuration has been performed using radio resources for High priority UE. In other words, when configuration has been performed using radio resources for High priority UE, the control unit 270 may implicitly determine that UE 200A is a High priority UE, regardless of permission from the network for being a High priority UE, etc.
  • control unit 270 may execute a connection to the mobile communication network if the mobile communication network accepts quality-guaranteed communication. Specifically, the control unit 270 may determine whether or not quality-guaranteed communication is accepted based on acceptance information indicating whether or not quality-guaranteed communication is accepted.
  • control unit 270 may determine whether or not to execute a connection to a mobile communication network according to the capabilities of the UE 200A. Specifically, the control unit 270 may determine whether or not the capabilities of the UE 200A are such that the UE 200A can execute quality assurance communication based on parameters related to the quality assurance communication included in the acceptance information.
  • the gNB100 may have a function corresponding to that of the UE200A described above.
  • the gNB100 (control signal/reference signal processing unit 240) may have a receiving unit that receives a guarantee request from a terminal requesting the guarantee of a specific communication quality in the mobile communication network, and a transmitting unit that transmits a guarantee permission indicating that the specific communication quality will be guaranteed to the terminal based on the received guarantee request.
  • the gNB100 may also include a receiving unit that receives an information request from a terminal requesting guaranteed communication quality information indicating the communication quality that can be guaranteed in the mobile communication network, and a transmitting unit that transmits the guaranteed communication quality information to the terminal based on the information request.
  • the gNB100 may also include a transmission unit that transmits acceptance information to a terminal indicating whether or not quality guaranteed communication, in which a specific communication quality is guaranteed, is accepted in the mobile communication network, and a control unit that executes a connection with a terminal that requests connection to the mobile communication network based on the acceptance information.
  • Mission-critical use cases e.g., URLLC
  • 5G Mission-critical use cases
  • mission-critical communication services are provided using public networks, if the surrounding traffic increases as described above, or if the traffic within the mission-critical communication service increases, it becomes impossible to achieve the desired communication quality (throughput, delay, number of simultaneous connections, etc.).
  • Frequency resources are limited, and wireless base stations cannot be deployed infinitely, so there is a question as to whether a mechanism exists to ensure that all service users can have the desired communication quality at any time and in any place.
  • the minimum quality that can be guaranteed varies depending on the performance/type of device (UE), so it is difficult to guarantee a minimum quality that can achieve the KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) of the service desired by all users.
  • KPIs Key Performance Indicators
  • the users for whom the minimum quality can be guaranteed are determined for each cell. For example, in cell #1, the minimum quality can be guaranteed only for X people (number of UEs). If the number of users for whom the minimum quality can be guaranteed exceeds the capacity, the minimum quality may not be guaranteed or may not be guaranteed at all.
  • the minimum quality guarantee may be guaranteed only when certain areas/reception qualities such as a certain electric field strength (RSRP: Reference Signal Received Power, RSRQ: Reference Signal Received Quality, SINR: Signal-to-Interference plus Noise power Ratio, etc.) are met. For example, areas that are difficult to cover, such as underwater or in the air, may be excluded. In addition, a condition may be that the UE does not enter an environment where radio waves are significantly attenuated, such as entering a room surrounded by twisted lead or covering the antenna with the user's hand.
  • RSRP Reference Signal Received Power
  • RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality
  • SINR Signal-to-Interference plus Noise power Ratio
  • ⁇ (prescribed quality) ⁇ (Proposal 1) The network notifies the UE of the minimum quality that can be guaranteed according to the capability of each UE. For example, for a UE with Reduced UE Capability (RedCap), throughput: XXX bps and delay: XXX ms may be guaranteed, and for an enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) UE (high-end UE), throughput: YYY bps and delay: YYY ms may be guaranteed (YYY ⁇ XXX). UEs for URLLC may also be included.
  • RedCap Reduced UE Capability
  • eMBB enhanced Mobile Broadband
  • YYY bps and delay: YYY ms may be guaranteed (YYY ⁇ XXX).
  • UEs for URLLC may also be included.
  • ⁇ (Proposal 2) Only quality that can be guaranteed by mandatory capabilities is guaranteed as the minimum quality. For example, it is not always necessary to guarantee 8-layer MIMO x 32CC CA x 1024QAM as the minimum quality. For example, it is possible to guarantee the minimum quality achieved by 4-layer x 1CC x 64QAM.
  • ⁇ (Statistical values) It may be guaranteed that the quality statistical values achieved within a specified period are higher than a threshold value. For example, the average throughput over one minute may be guaranteed to be: XXX bps, and the latency: XXX ms.
  • an average BLER may be guaranteed, rather than an instantaneous BLER (Block Error Rate).
  • a certain quality does not necessarily have to be achieved for each transmission and reception, and a minimum quality throughput and delay value may be set that includes retransmitting a block if there is a certain probability that the block is erroneous (e.g., round trip time (which may be called round trip delay)).
  • the above-mentioned system may guarantee the minimum quality while providing support from a business perspective. For example, if the minimum quality cannot be guaranteed, (part of) the service fee may be returned to the user.
  • the UE can receive the following types of information from the network (note that the network may be read as gNB):
  • MAC CE may be a MAC CE with a new LCID (Logical Channel ID) in the subheader.
  • LCID Logical Channel ID
  • new octets may be introduced.
  • the DCI field may be an existing DCI field or a newly introduced DCI field
  • the RNTI may be a DCI that is CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Checksum) scrambled by the existing RNTI or a newly introduced RNTI.
  • CRC Cyclic Redundancy Checksum
  • the UE may receive the following periodic information from the network:
  • the demand and supply of minimum quality guarantees may change from moment to moment depending on the area or time. It may be assumed that the demand for minimum quality guarantee requests is higher in high traffic areas. In this environment, a situation in which an unspecified number of users request minimum quality guarantees can be avoided by having only a limited number of users (e.g., mission-critical cases) request a paid minimum quality guarantee.
  • a limited number of users e.g., mission-critical cases
  • Figure 4 shows an example (part 1) of a communication sequence between a UE and a gNB according to operation example 1.
  • the users for whom the minimum communication quality is guaranteed may be limited, but the minimum quality guarantee is applied only to UEs that require it (e.g., UE#1) (minimum quality guarantee type).
  • the minimum quality guarantee is not applied to other UEs (e.g., UE#2) (best effort type).
  • UE#1 which requires minimum quality assurance, may transmit a "minimum quality assurance request" from the UE side to the gNB.
  • the gNB applies minimum quality assurance only to UEs for which "minimum quality assurance permission" has been set or has been notified by another node. In this case, the following further operations may be applied.
  • the "minimum quality guarantee permission" may be cancelled by the network.
  • the gNB may periodically or non-periodically notify the UE of the "minimum quality guarantee permission", and the UE may assume that the minimum quality guarantee is provided only when the notification is received (on the UE side, the fact that the "minimum quality guarantee” is being applied may be displayed on the UE screen, etc. See Operation Example 4).
  • the "minimum quality assurance permission” does not have to be revoked even in cases such as an increase in surrounding traffic.
  • the permission may not be revoked unless the UE voluntarily cancels it (a first-mover advantage mechanism).
  • the UE may send a "minimum quality assurance cancellation request" and receives a response from the gNB, the minimum quality assurance may be cancelled.
  • the UE may send a "minimum quality assurance request" periodically or aperiodically, and the minimum quality assurance may be guaranteed only during the period when the gNB offers permission.
  • the minimum quality may be guaranteed for a certain period of time starting from X symbols/slots (X ms) after the start of the minimum quality guarantee request/permission (see Figure 4).
  • the certain period may be specified by the 3GPP specifications, or may be set by higher layer signaling, or may be reported by the UE Capability Information. After the certain period has ended, the minimum quality may no longer be guaranteed. If the UE wishes to have the minimum quality guaranteed continuously, it can send a minimum quality guarantee request continuously, or request a minimum quality guarantee for a long period of time.
  • the request and grant processing may be performed in a higher layer (including the application).
  • FIG. 5 shows an example (part 2) of a communication sequence between a UE and a gNB according to operation example 1.
  • FIG. 6 shows an example (part 3) of a communication sequence between a UE and a gNB according to operation example 1.
  • the network may be allowed to cancel the minimum quality guarantee period even during the minimum quality guarantee period. If a cancellation notification is sent from the network, the minimum quality guarantee may be canceled after a predetermined time, symbol, or slot.
  • the UE may not assume that the network will discontinue the minimum quality guarantee period.
  • the network may change the costs or unit prices for the minimum quality assurance period even during the minimum quality assurance period.
  • the network may change the cost or unit price during the minimum quality guarantee period depending on the network congestion.
  • the user UE may be expected to continue receiving the minimum quality guarantee unless there is any voluntary action taken when the change occurs.
  • the user may notify the network whether or not to continue the minimum quality guarantee when the unit price is changed. If no such notification is given, the minimum quality guarantee may be canceled a specified time, symbol, or slot after the unit price change instruction.
  • the user may notify the network of a cancellation request as to whether or not to cancel the minimum quality guarantee when the unit price is changed.
  • the minimum quality guarantee may be canceled a predetermined time, symbol, or slot after the cancellation request (if the cancellation request is not notified, the minimum quality guarantee may be continued during the minimum quality guarantee period).
  • a guarantee is granted in response to a request for minimum quality guarantee from the UE, which increases the possibility of maintaining a minimum quality for the requested user while meeting the minimum quality guarantee requested by the UE.
  • the minimum quality guarantee request may be transmitted from the UE to the gNB by the following method:
  • Fig. 7 illustrates an example of a correspondence between an ID and a minimum quality guarantee request according to the second operation example.
  • any of the following methods may be applied:
  • the presence or absence of a request may be indicated by the presence or absence of transmission of the configured resource (for example, transmission only when there is a request).
  • information such as the minimum quality guarantee period, start timing, end timing, guarantee priority, and the KPI value to be guaranteed (details will be described later) may be included.
  • Candidates for KPI values may be set by the 3GPP specifications or by a higher layer, and an ID corresponding to the candidate may be notified.
  • the minimum quality guarantee period may be notified using absolute time.
  • any of the following methods may be applied.
  • Dedicated UL resources e.g., dedicated SR (Scheduling Request) resources, dedicated PUCCH resources
  • minimum quality guarantee requests may be transmitted using the configured resources.
  • a minimum quality assurance request may be sent by the MAC CE (this may be via PUSCH. If there is no UL transmission permission (UL grant), an SR/PRACH may be sent. Alternatively, dedicated SR resources may be configured for the UL grant for sending the minimum quality assurance request).
  • the minimum quality guarantee permission may also be sent from the gNB to the UE in the following ways:
  • FIG. 8 shows an example of the correspondence between IDs and minimum quality guarantee permission in operation example 2.
  • FIG. 9 shows an example of resource allocation for minimum quality guarantee permission notification in operation example 2.
  • a specified DCI e.g., DCI received in a specified CORSET/Search space, DCI CRC scrambled by a specified RNTI
  • DCI CRC scrambled by a specified RNTI
  • this may include information on the minimum quality assurance period, start timing, end timing, and guaranteed KPIs.
  • Candidates for KPI values may be set by the 3GPP specifications or by a higher layer, and an ID corresponding to the candidate may be notified.
  • the minimum quality assurance period may be notified using absolute time.
  • a dedicated DL resource (e.g., a dedicated notification physical channel/RS) may be configured.
  • the UE may perform measurements assuming that the guarantee permission is notified on a specific resource (defined by the 3GPP specifications or configured by a higher layer) after sending the request.
  • the UE may also determine whether the guarantee permission is granted based on the reception result.
  • the notification of the guarantee permission may be turned on or off.
  • a specific resource time/frequency/code (Cyclic shift/Orthogonal Cover Code (OCC) index)
  • OCC Organic Cover Code
  • the UE may determine that the guarantee is granted if it detects a received signal via the specific resource (similar to the Physical HARQ (hybrid automatic repeat request) Indicator Channel (PHICH), where each UE measures only the resources corresponding to itself among the information broadcast from the radio base station and receives signals addressed to itself).
  • PHICH hybrid automatic repeat request
  • a UE that does not receive a guaranteed grant may assume that no minimum quality guarantee is allowed.
  • the KPIs for minimum quality assurance may be at least one of the following. Note that multiple KPIs may be applied in combination.
  • ⁇ UE throughput The minimum/maximum value in the communication of the UE, and/or - A statistical value (e.g., CDF (Cumulative Distribution Function) 50%, CDF5% value, etc.).
  • CDF Cumulative Distribution Function
  • Latency - Minimum/maximum value in the communication of the UE, and/or - Statistical value e.g. CDF50%, CDF5% value, etc.
  • Cell capacity total throughput of all UEs in the cell
  • - Minimum/maximum values and/or - Statistical values e.g. CDF50%, CDF5% values, etc.
  • Reliability - Minimum/maximum value in the communication of the UE, and/or - Statistical value e.g.
  • the minimum/maximum positioning accuracy of the UE and/or a statistical value (e.g., CDF50%, CDF5% value, etc.)
  • the minimum communication quality guaranteed is defined based on the KPI, so that a more precise mechanism for guaranteeing the minimum quality can be provided.
  • Radio resources frequency, time, communication device/equipment (antenna, gNB, etc.) may be preferentially or exclusively allocated to UEs that guarantee the minimum quality.
  • FIG. 10 shows an example of resource allocation for minimum quality assurance in operation example 3. As shown in FIG. 10, some resources in the frequency direction and time direction may be used preferentially or exclusively for minimum quality assurance.
  • Other resources may be allocated for non-minimum quality guaranteed UEs.
  • other resources may be allocated for both non-minimum quality guaranteed UEs and minimum quality guaranteed UEs.
  • some resources/channels/RS may be assigned (measured/received) to both types of UE.
  • Broadcast information such as SSB (Synchronization Signal/Physical Broadcast Channel blocks)/CSI-RS/TRS/UE common PDCCH/PDSCH (PDCCH received in CSS (Common search space) and PDSCH scheduled by the PDCCH)/paging/MBS (Multicast and Broadcast Services)-PDSCH may be received by both types of UE.
  • dedicated resources for minimum quality guaranteed UEs may be assigned.
  • UE dedicated PDCCH/PDSCH (PDCCH received in USS (UE specific search space) and PDSCH scheduled by the PDCCH)
  • dedicated resources for minimum quality guaranteed UEs may be assigned.
  • a minimum quality guaranteed UE may perform measurements/reception on certain resources (time/frequency/CDM (Code Division Multiplexing)/BWP/CC/CORESET (control resource sets)) only during the minimum quality guaranteed period.
  • resources time/frequency/CDM (Code Division Multiplexing)/BWP/CC/CORESET (control resource sets)
  • FIG. 11 shows an example configuration of a cell for minimum quality assurance relating to operation example 3, and cells for both types of UE, other/non-minimum quality assurance UE and minimum quality assurance UE.
  • a given cell/PCI Physical Cell ID
  • CC/BWP/TRP Transmission Reception Point
  • TRP Transmission Reception Point
  • the UE may measure the communication quality of both "cells for minimum quality assurance" and "cells for other/both types".
  • the UE may measure L1-RSRP/SINR/RSRQ and/or L3-RSRP/SINR/RSRQ respectively and report the measurement results for each cell to the gNB.
  • the UE may report the measurement results of a cell selected from the measurement results of each cell based on a predetermined rule to the gNB.
  • Other UEs may measure the communication quality of "cells for other/both types” and report it to the gNB.
  • the UE may be allowed to connect to a cell for minimum quality assurance only if the minimum communication quality is guaranteed (during the period for which the minimum quality is guaranteed).
  • the UE may send a handover request to the "other/both type cell" or may perform a handover based on instructions from the gNB.
  • the minimum quality guarantee request may be notified from the UE to the gNB. It is desirable to provide a function (such as an on-screen button or a sliding button) that allows the user to voluntarily request a minimum quality guarantee request from the telecommunications carrier. It is also desirable to provide a display function that lets the user know that the minimum quality guarantee period is in effect.
  • a function such as an on-screen button or a sliding button
  • FIG. 12 shows an example of a minimum quality guarantee period according to operation example 4.
  • the minimum quality guarantee period is specified by the network at the request of the user (UE) and may be set continuously or intermittently.
  • the minimum quality guarantee may be applied on the premise of a guarantee request from the UE, but the guarantee request from the UE does not necessarily have to be mandatory.
  • the network side may apply minimum quality guarantee to a specific UE based on the UE's contract information, etc., regardless of whether or not it receives a guarantee request from the UE.
  • the minimum quality guarantee may be billed in one of the following ways:
  • a discount will be applied based on the amount of time/data not actually used for communication (for example, minus XX yen per 30 seconds).
  • the user may be notified that the terminal (UE) is in the minimum quality guarantee period by using a display on the screen or a light source such as a lamp.
  • the minimum quality guarantee unit price may be displayed by an icon/button/flag on the screen, or the unit price may be displayed by a frame/line on the screen. Alternatively, the unit price may be displayed by the color tone of the screen.
  • Figs. 13 and 14 show examples corresponding to only two values, "normal” and “minimum quality assurance period", the minimum quality assurance period may be displayed in multiple stages (e.g., levels 1 to 5). In this case, each level may be displayed by a change in color tone, or may be indicated by a color, a number, a mark, etc. Furthermore, the remaining minimum quality assurance period (e.g., xx seconds remaining) may be displayed on the screen.
  • a notification may be made that "quality X can be guaranteed if the capability parameter set satisfies specific condition #1.” Or, a notification may be made that "quality Y can be guaranteed if condition #2 is satisfied.”
  • the communication quality that can be guaranteed (will be guaranteed) may be changed according to the UE's capability. This makes it possible to guarantee a higher level of communication quality for UEs with high capability.
  • ⁇ (Opt 2) Notify all UE of the same quality that can be guaranteed (or will be guaranteed).
  • the quality that can be guaranteed at the cell level may be determined.
  • the network may assume the quality that can be guaranteed from the mandatory capability and notify the UE of that quality.
  • the UE may be notified of the quality that can be guaranteed in the UE's serving cell, an adjacent cell, or both the serving cell and the adjacent cell. This allows the communication quality that can be guaranteed at the cell level to be determined, simplifying the decision-making operation.
  • Fig. 15 shows an example (part 1) of a communication sequence between the UE and the gNB according to the operation example 6. As shown in Fig. 15, the UE may request information on the communication quality that the network can guarantee on an on-demand basis.
  • a UE when a UE starts quality guaranteed communication, it may request information on the quality that can be guaranteed from the network. At this time, the UE may be able to request information on the quality that can be guaranteed only after reporting its capability. This allows the network to determine the quality that can be guaranteed based on the UE capability of each UE.
  • the UE may, depending on the situation, request quality information (e.g., throughput: XXX bps) that it wants guaranteed (below capability) from the network.
  • request quality information e.g., throughput: XXX bps
  • the UE may also receive at least one of the following pieces of information from the network:
  • Guaranteed quality information (if the request is approved) For example, information that throughput: XXX bps and delay: YYY ms can be guaranteed, and information regarding the validity period of the quality guarantee may be included.
  • the UE may determine that the request has been rejected if there is no response from the network within a certain period of time after the request.
  • FIG. 16 shows an example (part 2) of a communication sequence between a UE and a gNB according to operation example 6.
  • the network may proactively notify the UE of information on the communication quality that the network can guarantee.
  • the UE may receive the communication quality guaranteed when quality guaranteed communication is initiated by at least one of the following methods:
  • SIB System Information Block
  • Group common signaling e.g., multicast/broadcast
  • Dedicated signaling The UE may assume that the communication quality guaranteed when initiating quality guaranteed communication is valid for the following period:
  • a fixed period of time X symbols/slots (X ms) after receiving information on the communication quality that is guaranteed when quality guaranteed communication is started -
  • the period from receiving new information on the communication quality that is guaranteed when quality guaranteed communication is started until X symbols/slots (X ms) have elapsed -
  • the UE may assume different values of X depending on the signaling with which it received the quality assurance information (guaranteed communication quality information).
  • the UE may also assume a time gap that is applied between notification of quality assurance information and the start of quality assurance communication.
  • the network may notify the UE of the value of the cap (G symbols/slot (Gms)), or the value of the gap may be uniquely defined by the 3GPP specifications.
  • the guaranteed communication quality information is notified to the UE, so the UE can take appropriate measures, including determining whether or not quality guaranteed communication is available.
  • Second Embodiment In the wireless communication system 10, there may be UEs that perform normal best-effort communication (existing UEs, which may also be called low priority UEs) and UEs that are guaranteed a minimum quality (high priority UEs).
  • existing UEs which may also be called low priority UEs
  • high priority UEs high priority UEs
  • minimum quality assurance is achieved by supporting resources that can only be used by minimum quality assurance UEs, and existing UEs are accommodated using limited resources.
  • the UE may need to have a certain level of capability. For example, if you try to guarantee the quality of low-end UE such as an IoT (Internet of Things) terminal, it may be difficult to guarantee the minimum quality.
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • a minimum capability for operating as a high priority UE may be specified.
  • the mandatory capabilities required for a high priority UE may be specified by the 3GPP specifications.
  • the UE may determine the capability based on information received from the network or as specified by 3GPP specifications.
  • Allocatable resources are reserved as high priority UE and are assigned to the UE (can be individual UE) by scheduling.
  • the initial connection (which may be interpreted as a random access procedure) is included in the scope of quality assurance, the resources used for the initial connection must also be reserved for high priority UE. Therefore, cells for high priority UE or PRACH resources for high priority UE may be supported.
  • FIG. 17 shows an example of setting an SSB according to operation example 1-1.
  • an SSB (which may be read as a cell, a synchronization signal (SS), etc.) dedicated to high priority UE may be supported.
  • SS synchronization signal
  • the UE may determine that the cell/SS is for a High priority UE if:
  • PCI 0 to X are cells for low priority UE (or for use by both low priority UE and high priority UE), and PCI X+1 to Y are cells for high priority UE.
  • PSS Primary Synchronization Signal
  • SSS Secondary Synchronization Signal
  • a cell corresponding to a specific global synchronization raster index for example, GSCN
  • a cell corresponding to a specific frequency (band) For example, a specific operating band may be allocated for High priority UE.
  • the SSB broadcast information may announce which SSB is intended for a high priority UE or a low priority UE.
  • a specified field in the broadcast information for each SSB may announce whether the SSB is intended for a high priority UE or a low priority UE.
  • High priority UE may perform initial access (RACH transmission) for an SSB that is available for use, regardless of the value of the specified field.
  • Low priority UE may perform initial access (RACH transmission) for an SSB that is available for use depending on the value of the specified field.
  • the index corresponding to the cell dedicated to high priority UE may be determined for each region.
  • the following behavior may be assumed for low priority UE in a cell for high priority UE.
  • Figure 18 shows an example of the arrangement of normal cells and cells dedicated to high priority UEs in operation example 1.
  • Cell#1-1 to 1-3 are normal cells
  • Cell#2-1 to 2-x are cells dedicated to high priority UEs.
  • High priority UEs can connect to more cells, improving capacity for high priority UEs.
  • different PCIs may be assigned to different cells.
  • the UE may receive information about PRACH resources for High priority UEs and resources other than the PRACH resources from the network.
  • the UE may receive the information in any of the following ways:
  • SIB1 system information
  • the UE may also receive information indicating a PRACH preamble and/or a RACH occasion other than the PRACH resource for a high priority UE.
  • a feature combination for a high priority UE may be set as one type of feature combination, and the PRACH resource associated with the feature combination may be determined to be for a high priority UE.
  • Low priority UEs do not need to transmit PRACH using PRACH resources for high priority UEs.
  • low priority UEs may transmit PRACH using PRACH resources for low priority UEs.
  • a high priority UE may transmit a PRACH using the PRACH resources for high priority UEs, and if it does not request quality assurance, it may transmit a PRACH using the PRACH resources for low priority UEs.
  • multiple PRACH transmissions may be expected during a single transmission opportunity in PRACH resources for high priority UEs (Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) or Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)).
  • FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • CDM Code Division Multiplexing
  • TDM Time Division Multiplexing
  • the UE may configure resources that can be used only when the UE status is High priority UE.
  • the following resources may be included:
  • Semi-Persistent PDSCH resources Measurement and reporting resources High priority UE may be assumed to use resources that can only be used by High priority UE, or may be assumed to be able to use resources other than those resources. In this way, when the status of a UE dynamically changes to High priority UE or Low priority UE, the number of RRC reconfigurations can be reduced by presetting resources for High priority UE and Low priority UE.
  • the timing when the status of High priority UE starts may be the timing when a predetermined period of time (e.g., a predetermined period of time or a period set/instructed by the network) has elapsed from the relevant timing.
  • the UE may also determine that the High priority UE status has ended (e.g., symbol or slot criterion) at the following times:
  • the timing when a signal indicating that the status of High priority UE is to end is received -
  • the timing when an HARQ ACK corresponding to the PDSCH/PDCCH corresponding to the signal indicating that the status of High priority UE is to end is transmitted -
  • the timing when a predetermined period of time e.g., a predetermined period of time or a period set/instructed by the network
  • a predetermined period of time e.g., a predetermined period of time or a period set/instructed by the network
  • the timing when a predetermined period of time e.g., a predetermined period of time or a period set/instructed by the network
  • the timing when a predetermined period of time e.g., a predetermined period of time or a period set/instructed by the network
  • has elapsed from the relevant timing may also be regarded as the timing when the status of High priority UE is to end.
  • resources for high priority UE and resources for low priority UE are set separately, so that the minimum quality guarantee for high priority UE can be more reliably achieved.
  • the network may choose not to accept new quality assurance communications depending on the circumstances.
  • information indicating whether or not the network is accepting High priority UEs may be broadcast to the UE.
  • the UE can receive information (reception information) indicating whether the network is accepting new quality assurance communications.
  • the reception information may include the following information:
  • the UE may receive information indicating whether or not PRACH transmission is permitted using the PRACH resource for High priority UE in order to newly start quality guaranteed communication. Also, the UE may receive information indicating whether or not communication is permitted to be performed via a cell for High priority UE in order to newly start quality guaranteed communication.
  • the UE may refrain from sending the request for minimum quality assurance.
  • the UE may also receive the information via the PBCH or through system information (e.g., SIB1).
  • SIB1 system information
  • the network does not have to specifically announce that it will not accept additional (new) High priority UEs. Instead, the network may stop sending SS/Indication for High priority UEs and switch all SS to SS for Low priority UEs.
  • a UE can perform operations such as connecting to a network only if it is accepting quality-guaranteed communications, which can increase the possibility of guaranteeing a minimum quality for high-priority UE.
  • the communication quality (radio quality) of High priority UE may be controlled. Specifically, it is possible to detect when the network is no longer able to satisfy the conditions determined by the UE due to its movement, etc.
  • the UE meets a specified signal strength.
  • the UE may receive signal strength (L1/L3-RSRP/SINR/RSRQ) required for quality assurance.
  • the UE may receive information about the area where quality can be guaranteed (at least one of the following: Area ID, cell Global ID, Physical cell ID, ARFCN (Absolute Radio-Frequency Channel Number), and Evolved Cell (for 4G) Global Identifier).
  • the method of receiving the condition information is not particularly limited, and the UE may receive the condition information by any of the methods described in (3.2) Operational Overview.
  • the UE may transmit information (dissatisfaction information) to the network indicating that the quality assurance conditions are not satisfied.
  • the method of transmitting the dissatisfaction information is not particularly limited, and the UE may transmit the dissatisfaction information by any of the methods described in (3.2) Operational Overview.
  • the communication quality (radio quality) of High priority UE can be controlled, so that a minimum quality can be guaranteed for High priority UE more reliably.
  • the above-described embodiment is based on the assumption that 6G is used, but the above-described minimum quality assurance mechanism may be provided for wireless communication methods other than 6G, such as 5G/NR.
  • configure, activate, update, indicate, enable, specify, and select may be read as interchangeable.
  • link, associate, correspond, and map may be read as interchangeable, and allocate, assign, monitor, and map may also be read as interchangeable.
  • Functions include, but are not limited to, judgement, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, regard, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment.
  • a functional block (component) that performs the transmission function is called a transmitting unit or transmitter.
  • FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of the device.
  • the device may be configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, and a bus 1007.
  • apparatus can be interpreted as a circuit, device, unit, etc.
  • the hardware configuration of the apparatus may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.
  • Each functional block of the device (see Figure 3) is realized by any hardware element of the computer device, or a combination of the hardware elements.
  • each function of the device is realized by loading a specific software (program) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communications by the communications device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.
  • a specific software program
  • the processor 1001 also reads out programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002, and executes various processes according to these.
  • the programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-mentioned embodiments.
  • the various processes described above may be executed by one processor 1001, or may be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001.
  • the processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.
  • the programs may be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line.
  • Memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be composed of at least one of, for example, Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), etc.
  • Memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, main memory, etc.
  • Memory 1002 can store a program (program code), software module, etc. capable of executing a method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be, for example, at least one of an optical disk such as a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a smart card, a flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy (registered trademark) disk, a magnetic strip, etc.
  • Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.
  • the above-mentioned recording medium may be, for example, a database, a server, or other suitable medium including at least one of memory 1002 and storage 1003.
  • the communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting/receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also called, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, a communication module, etc.
  • the communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc., to realize, for example, at least one of Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD).
  • FDD Frequency Division Duplex
  • TDD Time Division Duplex
  • the input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that accepts input from the outside.
  • the output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, etc.) that performs output to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one structure (e.g., a touch panel).
  • each device such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002 is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information.
  • the bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.
  • the device may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized by the hardware.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • PLD programmable logic device
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.
  • the notification of information is not limited to the aspects/embodiments described in the present disclosure and may be performed using other methods.
  • the notification of information may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), other signals, or a combination of these.
  • the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, and may be, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, etc.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE-A LTE-Advanced
  • 5G 5th generation mobile communication system
  • 6G 6th generation mobile communication system
  • xth generation mobile communication system The present invention may be applied to at least one of systems using LTE, LTE-A, LTE-G (xG) (x is, for example, an integer or decimal point), Future Radio Access (FRA), New Radio (NR), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), and other appropriate systems, and next-generation systems that are based on and extend these systems
  • certain operations that are described as being performed by a base station may in some cases also be performed by its upper node.
  • a network consisting of one or more network nodes having a base station
  • various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by at least one of the base station and other network nodes other than the base station (such as, but not limited to, an MME or S-GW).
  • the above example shows a case where there is one other network node other than the base station, it may also be a combination of multiple other network nodes (such as an MME and an S-GW).
  • Information, signals can be output from a higher layer (or a lower layer) to a lower layer (or a higher layer). They may be input and output via multiple network nodes.
  • the input and output information may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or may be managed using a management table.
  • the input and output information may be overwritten, updated, or appended.
  • the output information may be deleted.
  • the input information may be sent to another device.
  • the determination may be based on a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), a Boolean value (true or false), or a numerical comparison (e.g., with a predetermined value).
  • notification of specific information is not limited to being done explicitly, but may be done implicitly (e.g., not notifying the specific information).
  • Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.
  • software, instructions, information, etc. may be transmitted and received over a transmission medium.
  • a transmission medium For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and/or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave, etc.), then at least one of these wired and/or wireless technologies is included within the definition of a transmission medium.
  • wired technologies such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
  • wireless technologies such as infrared, microwave, etc.
  • the information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies.
  • the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.
  • the channel and the symbol may be a signal (signaling).
  • the signal may be a message.
  • the component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, a cell, a frequency carrier, etc.
  • system and “network” are used interchangeably.
  • radio resources may be indicated by an index.
  • the names used for the above-mentioned parameters are not limiting in any respect. Furthermore, the formulas etc. using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure.
  • the various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not limiting in any respect.
  • Base station BS
  • wireless base station fixed station
  • NodeB NodeB
  • eNodeB eNodeB
  • gNodeB gNodeB
  • a base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells (also called sectors). If a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can also provide communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head: RRH)).
  • a base station subsystem e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head: RRH)
  • cell refers to part or all of the coverage area of a base station and/or a base station subsystem that provides communication services within that coverage.
  • a base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control or operate based on the information.
  • MS Mobile Station
  • UE User Equipment
  • a mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.
  • At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc.
  • At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, or the moving object itself.
  • the moving object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned moving object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned).
  • At least one of the base station and the mobile station may include a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations.
  • at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • the base station in the present disclosure may be interpreted as a mobile station (user terminal, the same applies below).
  • each aspect/embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a mobile station is replaced with communication between multiple mobile stations (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), etc.).
  • the mobile station may be configured to have the functions of a base station.
  • terms such as "uplink” and "downlink” may be interpreted as terms corresponding to communication between terminals (for example, "side”).
  • the uplink channel, downlink channel, etc. may be interpreted as a side channel (or side link).
  • the mobile station in this disclosure may be interpreted as a base station.
  • the base station may be configured to have the functions of the mobile station.
  • a radio frame may be composed of one or more frames in the time domain. Each of the one or more frames in the time domain may be called a subframe. A subframe may further be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.
  • Numerology may be a communication parameter that applies to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. Numerology may indicate, for example, at least one of the following: Subcarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, a particular filtering operation performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, a particular windowing operation performed by the transceiver in the time domain, etc.
  • SCS Subcarrier Spacing
  • TTI Transmission Time Interval
  • radio frame structure a particular filtering operation performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, a particular windowing operation performed by the transceiver in the time domain, etc.
  • a slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (e.g., Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols, etc.).
  • OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • SC-FDMA Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • a slot may be a numerology-based unit of time.
  • a slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot.
  • a PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A.
  • a PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.
  • Radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals. Radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol may each be referred to by a different name that corresponds to the radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol.
  • one subframe may be called a transmission time interval (TTI)
  • TTI transmission time interval
  • multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI
  • one slot or one minislot may be called a TTI.
  • at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms.
  • the unit expressing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc., instead of a subframe.
  • TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication.
  • a base station schedules each user terminal by allocating radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) in TTI units.
  • radio resources such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal
  • the TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-coded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc.
  • the time interval e.g., the number of symbols
  • the time interval in which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.
  • one slot or one minislot when called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit of scheduling.
  • the number of slots (minislots) that constitute the minimum time unit of scheduling may be controlled.
  • a TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be referred to as a normal TTI (TTI in LTE Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc.
  • TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be referred to as a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.
  • a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms
  • a short TTI e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.
  • a resource block is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain.
  • the number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of the numerology, and may be, for example, 12.
  • the number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on the numerology.
  • the time domain of an RB may include one or more symbols and may be one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI in length.
  • One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be composed of one or more resource blocks.
  • one or more RBs may also be referred to as a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.
  • PRB physical resource block
  • SCG sub-carrier group
  • REG resource element group
  • PRB pair an RB pair, etc.
  • a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (RE).
  • RE resource elements
  • one RE may be a radio resource area of one subcarrier and one symbol.
  • a Bandwidth Part which may also be referred to as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by the index of the RBs relative to a common reference point of the carriers.
  • PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within that BWP.
  • the BWP may include a BWP for UL (UL BWP) and a BWP for DL (DL BWP).
  • UL BWP UL BWP
  • DL BWP DL BWP
  • One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.
  • At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal/channel outside the active BWP.
  • BWP bitmap
  • connection refers to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” to each other.
  • the coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof.
  • “connected” may be read as "access.”
  • two elements may be considered to be “connected” or “coupled” to each other using at least one of one or more wires, cables, and printed electrical connections, as well as electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, and optical (both visible and invisible) range, as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.
  • the reference signal may also be abbreviated as Reference Signal (RS) or referred to as a pilot depending on the applicable standard.
  • RS Reference Signal
  • the phrase “based on” does not mean “based only on,” unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase “based on” means both “based only on” and “based at least on.”
  • any reference to elements using designations such as “first,” “second,” etc., used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed therein or that the first element must precede the second element in some way.
  • determining may encompass a wide variety of actions.
  • Determining and “determining” may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining something as “judging” or “determining”, and the like.
  • Determining and “determining” may also include receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), and the like as “judging” or “determining”.
  • judgment and “decision” can include considering resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc., to have been “judged” or “decided.” In other words, “judgment” and “decision” can include considering some action to have been “judged” or “decided.” Additionally, “judgment (decision)” can be interpreted as “assuming,” “expecting,” “considering,” etc.
  • a and B are different may mean “A and B are different from each other.”
  • the term may also mean “A and B are each different from C.”
  • Terms such as “separate” and “combined” may also be interpreted in the same way as “different.”
  • FIG. 20 shows an example of the configuration of a vehicle 2001.
  • the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021-2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013.
  • the drive unit 2002 is composed of, for example, an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor.
  • the steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by a user.
  • the electronic control unit 2010 is composed of a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (IO port) 2033. Signals from various sensors 2021 to 2027 provided in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 2010.
  • the electronic control unit 2010 may be called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).
  • Signals from the various sensors 2021 to 2028 include a current signal from a current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front and rear wheels acquired by a rotation speed sensor 2022, an air pressure signal of the front and rear wheels acquired by an air pressure sensor 2023, a vehicle speed signal acquired by a vehicle speed sensor 2024, an acceleration signal acquired by an acceleration sensor 2025, an accelerator pedal depression amount signal acquired by an accelerator pedal sensor 2029, a brake pedal depression amount signal acquired by a brake pedal sensor 2026, a shift lever operation signal acquired by a shift lever sensor 2027, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. acquired by an object detection sensor 2028.
  • the information service unit 2012 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices.
  • the information service unit 2012 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 2013, etc., to provide various multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 1.
  • the information service unit 2012 may include input devices (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, a touch panel, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, a touch panel, etc.) that perform output to the outside.
  • input devices e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, a touch panel, etc.
  • output devices e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, a touch panel, etc.
  • the driving assistance system unit 2030 is composed of various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driving burden on the driver, such as a millimeter wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), a camera, a positioning locator (e.g., GNSS, etc.), map information (e.g., high definition (HD) map, autonomous vehicle (AV) map, etc.), a gyro system (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System), etc.), AI (Artificial Intelligence) chip, and an AI processor, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices.
  • the driving assistance system unit 2030 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize driving assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.
  • the communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 1 via the communication port.
  • the communication module 2013 transmits and receives data via the communication port 2033 between the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021 to 2028, which are provided on the vehicle 2001.
  • the communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication.
  • the communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010.
  • the external device may be, for example, a base station, a mobile station, etc.
  • the communications module 2013 may transmit at least one of the signals from the various sensors 2021-2028 input to the electronic control unit 2010, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 2012 to an external device via wireless communication.
  • the electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021-2028, the information service unit 2012, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input.
  • the PUSCH transmitted by the communications module 2013 may include information based on the above input.
  • the communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device, and displays it on the information service unit 2012 provided in the vehicle.
  • the information service unit 2012 may be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH (or data/information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 2013).
  • the communication module 2013 also stores various information received from an external device in a memory 2032 that can be used by the microprocessor 2031.
  • the microprocessor 2031 may control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, axles 2009, sensors 2021 to 2028, etc. provided in the vehicle 2001.
  • a first feature is a terminal including a control unit that executes settings using radio resources that are differentiated for a high-priority terminal in which a specific communication quality is guaranteed in a mobile communication network from settings for a low-priority terminal in which the specific communication quality is not guaranteed, and a communication unit that executes radio communication using the radio resources.
  • the second feature is that in the first feature, the control unit executes the setting using a cell for the high priority terminal.
  • the third feature is that in the first or second feature, the control unit executes the initial connection using random access channel resources for the high priority terminal.
  • the fourth feature is that in the first to third features, the control unit executes the setting using the wireless resources that can be used only when the status of the terminal is the high priority terminal.
  • the fifth feature is that in the first to fourth features, the control unit determines that the status of the terminal is the high priority terminal based on the execution of the setting using the wireless resource.
  • Wireless communication system 20 RAN 100 gNB 200A, 200B UE 210 Radio signal transmitting/receiving unit 220 Amplifier unit 230 Modulation/demodulation unit 240 Control signal/reference signal processing unit 250 Encoding/decoding unit 260 Data transmitting/receiving unit 270 Control unit 1001 Processor 1002 Memory 1003 Storage 1004 Communication device 1005 Input device 1006 Output device 1007 Bus 2001 Vehicle 2002 Drive unit 2003 Steering unit 2004 Accelerator pedal 2005 Brake pedal 2006 Shift lever 2007 Left and right front wheels 2008 Left and right rear wheels 2009 Axle 2010 Electronic control unit 2012 Information service unit 2013 Communication module 2021 Current sensor 2022 RPM sensor 2023 Air pressure sensor 2024 Vehicle speed sensor 2025 Acceleration sensor 2026 Brake pedal sensor 2027 Shift lever sensor 2028 Object detection sensor 2029 Accelerator pedal sensor 2030 Driving assistance system section 2031 Microprocessor 2032 Memory (ROM, RAM) 2033 communication port

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