WO2025017148A1 - Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante comprenant un panneau isolant - Google Patents
Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante comprenant un panneau isolant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2025017148A1 WO2025017148A1 PCT/EP2024/070446 EP2024070446W WO2025017148A1 WO 2025017148 A1 WO2025017148 A1 WO 2025017148A1 EP 2024070446 W EP2024070446 W EP 2024070446W WO 2025017148 A1 WO2025017148 A1 WO 2025017148A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tank
- insulating
- insulating panel
- relaxation
- sealing membrane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
- F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
- F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
- F17C3/027—Wallpanels for so-called membrane tanks
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
- F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/05—Size
- F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/05—Size
- F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
- F17C2203/0358—Thermal insulations by solid means in form of panels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0375—Thermal insulations by gas
- F17C2203/0379—Inert
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
- F17C2260/013—Reducing manufacturing time or effort
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
- F17C2260/035—Dealing with losses of fluid
- F17C2260/037—Handling leaked fluid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
- F17C2270/0105—Ships
- F17C2270/0107—Wall panels
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of storage and/or transport of a fluid.
- the invention relates to the field of sealed and thermally insulating tanks for storing and/or transporting a cryogenic fluid, for example low-temperature liquefied gas, such as tanks for transporting Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) at approximately -162°C at atmospheric pressure, Liquid Hydrogen (LH 2 ) at -253°C at atmospheric pressure, Ammonia (NH 3 ) at -30°C at atmospheric pressure or Liquefied Petroleum Gas (also called LPG) having for example a temperature between -50°C and 0°C.
- LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
- LH 2 Liquid Hydrogen
- Ammonia NH 3
- Liquefied Petroleum Gas also called LPG
- these tanks can be installed on land or on a floating structure. In the case of a floating structure, the tank can be intended for transporting liquefied gas or for receiving liquefied gas used as fuel for the propulsion of the floating structure.
- a sealed and thermally insulating tank for the transport and/or storage of a fluid, comprising insulating panels covered by a corrugated sealing membrane.
- the sealing membrane has an inner face, intended to be in contact with the fluid contained in the tank, and an outer face, facing the thermally insulating barrier.
- the sealing membrane is made up of a plurality of metal plates, made of stainless steel, having series of perpendicular corrugations making it possible to absorb the forces that may be caused by thermal contraction, the sloshing of the cargo and/or the bending of the ship in waves.
- the corrugated plates are welded to each other, along their edges, and are anchored on an inner face of the insulating panels, by welding the edges of the plates to anchoring strips, also made of stainless steel, riveted to said insulating panels.
- the insulation panels may have relaxation slots opening onto the internal face. Such relaxation slots facilitate deformation of the corrugations without the insulation panels cracking when the tank is cooled.
- Document FR 3 001 945 describes such a tank in which relatively short relaxation slots are used.
- the use of these short relaxation slots limits the possible deformation of the insulating panel and therefore the flexibility of the waterproofing membrane.
- FR 3 001 945 provides that a distance between the edges of the insulating panel and the adjacent relaxation slots is equal to the pitch of the corrugations, in order to place certain corrugations of the membrane at the level of the inter-panel spaces.
- a distance between the edges of the insulating panel and the adjacent relaxation slots is equal to the pitch of the corrugations, in order to place certain corrugations of the membrane at the level of the inter-panel spaces.
- such an arrangement is likely to promote an unbalanced distribution of the stresses applied to the corrugations depending on the positions of the corrugations, which may be detrimental to the durability of the membrane.
- One idea underlying the invention is to provide a sealed and thermally insulating tank capable of serving as a fuel tank for a ship for a long time, which involves supporting varying filling levels. Another idea underlying the invention is to provide a sealed and thermally insulating tank in which convection and thermosiphon phenomena are limited in the thermally insulating barrier to improve insulation. Another idea underlying the invention is to provide a sealed and thermally insulating tank in which part of the tank, or even the entire tank, employs a single sealed barrier.
- the invention proposes a sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a fluid, comprising a tank wall comprising: - an insulating panel having an internal face facing the inside of the tank and four peripheral faces extending from said internal face, - a sealing membrane having an inner face, intended to be in contact with the fluid contained in the tank, and an outer face, covering the inner face of the insulating panel, said sealing membrane comprising at least two first parallel corrugations, projecting from the side of the inner face of the sealing membrane, each first corrugation extending in a first main direction parallel to two first of the four peripheral faces of the insulating panel and at least two second corrugations extending in a second main direction parallel to the two second peripheral faces of the insulating panel, the first and second main directions being orthogonal, the insulating panel comprising: - first relaxation slots, extending in a thickness of the insulating panel, from the internal face of the insulating panel, opposite the first corrugations of the waterproofing membrane, in the first main direction
- the relaxation slots allow the thermally insulating barrier to deform to accompany the possible deformation of the corrugated waterproofing membrane during temperature changes caused by the loading and unloading of the tank.
- the fact that these relaxation slots are non-opening on the peripheral faces of the insulating panel limits the phenomena of convection and thermosiphon and limits the passage of fluid leakage in the relaxation slots. Fluid projections having passed through the waterproofing membrane cannot be guided to the inter-panel space. Thus, even in the absence of a secondary waterproof barrier, the hull of the ship is not at risk of being reached by fluid projections.
- such a tank may comprise one or more of the following features.
- the first corrugations are mutually spaced by a first corrugation pitch and a distance between the first extreme relaxation slots and the first peripheral faces is less than the first corrugation pitch, preferably equal to half of the first corrugation pitch.
- the second corrugations are mutually spaced by a second corrugation pitch and a distance between the second extreme relaxation slots and the second peripheral faces is less than the second corrugation pitch, preferably equal to half of the second corrugation pitch.
- the first corrugation pitch and the second corrugation pitch can be equal or different.
- the distance between the end of each of the first and second relaxation slots and the first or second peripheral face of the adjacent insulating panel is between 5 and 50 millimeters.
- the length of the relaxation slot is optimized for optimized flexibility of the insulation panel while reinforcing the sealing of the tank.
- the tank wall comprises a single barrier wall portion, the single barrier wall portion comprising said insulating panel juxtaposed with a plurality of identical insulating panels forming a thermally insulating barrier surmounted by the sealing membrane, said thermally insulating barrier being anchored to a supporting structure of the tank, without any other sealing membrane interposed between the thermally insulating barrier and the supporting structure.
- the tank wall then includes a simplified wall section that is less expensive to produce.
- said single-barrier wall portion is arranged in an upper portion of the tank, located above a substantially horizontal median plane of the tank. Since the upper portion of the tank is less often in contact with the fluid contained in the tank, a simplified wall portion can be installed there. The risk that the load-bearing wall is exposed to the fluid contained in the tank is lower in the upper portion of the tank.
- the tank wall further comprises a double barrier wall portion comprising a primary sealing membrane intended to be in contact with the fluid contained in the tank, a secondary sealing membrane arranged between the primary sealing membrane and the supporting structure, a primary thermally insulating barrier arranged between the primary sealing membrane and the secondary sealing membrane and a secondary thermally insulating barrier arranged between the secondary sealing membrane and the supporting structure.
- the waterproofing membrane of the single barrier wall portion and the primary waterproofing membrane of the double barrier wall portion extend in line with each other.
- the thickness of each insulating panel forming the single barrier wall portion is equal to the cumulative thickness of the primary and secondary thermally insulating barriers and the secondary sealing membrane of the double barrier wall portion such that the inner face of the insulating panels of the single barrier wall portion extends in the extension of an inner face of the primary thermally insulating barrier.
- said single barrier wall portion forms the ceiling of the tank.
- each relaxation slot is obtained by cutting with a circular saw.
- each relaxation slot extends in a plane perpendicular to the internal face of the insulating panel.
- the insulating panel comprises a layer of polymer foam sandwiched between a rigid top plate and a rigid bottom plate.
- each relaxation slot extends through the rigid upper plate and over a portion of the thickness of the polymer foam layer without reaching the rigid lower plate.
- the invention also relates to a vessel comprising a hull, a propulsion system and a sealed and thermally insulating tank as described above, for storing a liquefied combustible gas intended to supply the combustible gas to the propulsion system.
- the invention also provides a transfer system for a liquefied fuel gas, the system comprising the aforementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged to connect the vessel tank to a floating or land-based storage facility and a pump for driving a flow of liquefied fuel gas through the insulated pipes from the floating or land-based storage facility to the vessel tank.
- the invention also provides a method of loading such a ship, in which a liquefied combustible gas is conveyed through insulated pipes from a floating or land-based storage facility to the ship's tank.
- FIG. 1 schematically represents a partial view of a tank according to the invention in its supporting structure
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a part of a wall of the tank of the ;
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an example of the construction of an insulating panel for the wall of the ;
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cutaway representation of a LNG carrier tank and a loading/unloading terminal for this tank.
- a sealed and thermally insulating tank 1 for storing a fluid, anchored on a supporting structure 1A, is shown schematically.
- the fluid is in particular a cryogenic fluid transported at low temperatures. It can be a liquefied gas, in particular a liquefied natural gas (LNG), that is to say a gas mixture mainly comprising methane as well as one or more other hydrocarbons, such as ethane, propane, n-butane, i-butane, n-pentane, i-pentane, neopentane, and nitrogen in small proportions.
- LNG liquefied natural gas
- Liquefied gas can also be ethane or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), which is a mixture of hydrocarbons from oil refining, mainly comprising propane and butane.
- LPG liquefied petroleum gas
- Liquefied natural gas is stored at a temperature of approximately -162°C at atmospheric pressure.
- the liquefied gas can be liquid hydrogen (LH2) stored at -253°C at atmospheric pressure, or ammonia (NH3) stored at -30°C at atmospheric pressure.
- LH2 liquid hydrogen
- NH3 ammonia
- the supporting structure 1A is described against which the sealed and thermally insulating tank 1 for storing a fluid is intended to be fixed.
- the supporting structure 1A is, for example, formed by the double hull of a ship.
- the double hull comprises an outer hull 19 and an inner hull 18 arranged inside the outer hull 19.
- the supporting structure 1A has a generally polyhedral shape. It has two front and rear supporting walls 2, here of octagonal shape.
- the front supporting wall is not shown in the in order to allow the interior of the tank 1 to be viewed.
- the front and rear walls 2 are, for example, cofferdam walls of the ship which extend transversely to the longitudinal direction of the ship.
- the supporting structure 1A also comprises an upper supporting wall 3, a lower supporting wall 4 and side supporting walls 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.
- the shape of the tank may be different, for example parallelepiped.
- the supporting structure may be entirely or partially separate from the hull of the ship, as described for example in document FR3122400.
- the tank 1 comprises a plurality of tank walls which are each anchored against one of the load-bearing walls 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 of the load-bearing structure 1A.
- the walls of the tank 1 define an internal space intended to contain the fluid, for example liquefied gas.
- the tank 1 thus comprises at least one tank wall fixed to one of the load-bearing walls 2-10 described above.
- the tank wall comprises a sealing membrane 14 and a thermally insulating barrier 12 arranged between the sealing membrane 14 and the load-bearing wall of the load-bearing structure 1A as shown in FIG. .
- the tank wall presents successively, from the outside to the inside, according to the direction of thickness of the wall: - the thermally insulating barrier 12 comprising insulating panels 13; - the sealing membrane 14 anchored to the insulating panels 13 of the thermally insulating barrier 12 ( ).
- the thermally insulating barrier 12 comprises at least two insulating panels 13.
- the insulating panels 13 of the thermally insulating barrier 12 each comprise, for example, a layer of insulating polymer foam 21, for example made of polyurethane, sandwiched between a rigid cover plate 22 and a base plate 23, for example made of plywood ( ).
- Polymer foam can advantageously be reinforced with glass fibers helping to reduce its thermal contraction.
- the inner face 22A of the insulating panel 13 belongs to the cover plate 22 while the outer face 23A of the insulating panel 13 belongs to the bottom plate 23.
- inter-panel space 25 is delimited by one of the peripheral faces 21A, 21B of a first of the insulating panels 13 and the adjacent peripheral face 21A, 21B of the neighboring insulating panel 13 (figures 2, 6).
- Said inter-panel space 25 extends in a longitudinal direction A1 which is parallel to one of the peripheral faces 21A, 21B of the insulating panel 13.
- the insulating panels 13 have an elongated shape along a longitudinal axis.
- the insulating panel 13 comprises first longitudinal peripheral faces 21A corresponding here to the longest sides of the parallelepiped formed by the insulating panel 13 and second transverse peripheral faces 21B corresponding to the smallest side of the parallelepiped formed by the insulating panel 13.
- inter-panel space 25 provided between the first longitudinal peripheral faces 21A of the insulating panels 13 has been described and shown.
- the longitudinal direction A1 of the inter-panel space 25 is here parallel to the first longitudinal peripheral faces 21A of the insulating panel 13 and to the longitudinal axis of the insulating panel 13.
- the structure of the insulating panel 13 is identical at the level of the second transverse peripheral faces 21B of the insulating panels 13 which also delimit inter-panel spaces 25 ( ).
- the thermally insulating barrier 12 further comprises at least one insulating seal 26 housed in the inter-panel space 25 and bridging plates 30 arranged above the at least one insulating seal 26 so as to extend astride the two insulating panels 13 in a transverse direction A11 of the inter-panel space 23 (FIGS. 2 to 6).
- the transverse direction A11 of the inter-panel space 25 is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction A1 of this inter-panel space 25.
- the insulating joint 26 may for example be made of glass wool, rock wool or flexible open-cell synthetic foam. It may be wrapped in kraft paper.
- the insulating joint 26 is preferably made of a porous material so as to provide gas circulation spaces in the inter-panel spaces 25 between the insulating panels 13.
- Such gas circulation spaces are advantageously used to allow circulation of inert gas, such as nitrogen, within the thermally insulating barrier 12 so as to maintain it under an inert atmosphere.
- inert gas such as nitrogen
- the thermally insulating barrier 12 under vacuum in order to increase its insulating power.
- This gas circulation is also important for facilitating the detection of possible liquefied gas leaks.
- the inter-panel spaces 25 have, for example, a width of the order of 30 mm.
- Each bridging plate 30 has an elongated shape along the longitudinal direction A1 of the inter-panel space 25 and is provided with two main faces 31A, 31B parallel to the internal faces 22A of adjacent insulating panels 13 and connected by two transverse end surfaces 32 ( ) and by a first and a second surface of opposite longitudinal ends 33A; 33A', 33B; 33B'.
- the longitudinal end surfaces 33A; 33A’, 33B; 33B’ are located at the longitudinal ends of the bridging plate 30 ( Figures 2 to 5).
- the internal face 22A of the cover plate 22 of each insulating panel 13 comprises, along a peripheral edge running along the peripheral faces 21A, 21B of the insulating panel 13, a recess 28 which accommodates the bridging plates 30 (figures 6 and 7).
- An external main face 31B of the bridging plates 30, facing the insulating polymer foam layer 21, is fixed against the bottom of the recesses 28.
- the depth of the recesses 28 is substantially equal to the thickness of the bridging plates 30 such that an internal main face 31A of the bridging plates 30, facing the sealing membrane 14, reaches substantially the level of the internal face 22A of an adjacent cover plate 22.
- the bridging plates 30 are able to ensure continuity in the support of the sealing membrane 14.
- the recesses 28 on either side of the inter-panel space 25 form a housing for the bridging plate 30.
- the housing has a transverse dimension slightly greater than the transverse dimension of the bridging plate 30 so as to overcome assembly and/or manufacturing tolerances when inserting the bridging plate 30 into the housing.
- the bridging plates 30 can be fixed against the cover plates 22 of the insulating panels 13 by any suitable means, for example by staples.
- the first longitudinal end surface 33A; 33A' of a first of the bridging plates 30 and the second longitudinal end surface 33B; 33B' of a second of the bridging plates 30 arranged opposite the first longitudinal end surface 33A; 33A' of the first bridging plate 30 have a nesting system 40 (FIGS. 3 to 5) which extends astride two adjacent insulating panels 13 in the transverse direction A11 of the inter-panel space 25 to lengthen a flow path for any fluid projections between the first and second bridging plates 30.
- the thermally insulating barrier 12 comprises a plurality of bridging plates 30 aligned above the inter-panel space 25. All of the bridging plates 30 have an identical shape. There is therefore no difference between the first and second bridging plates 30.
- the first bridging plate on the left in FIGS. 4 and 5 and the second bridging plate on the right will be described arbitrarily in the following.
- the nesting system 40 is configured so that the main faces 31A, 31B of the bridging plates 30 extend in line with each other.
- the nesting system 40 comprises the longitudinal end surfaces 33A, 33B arranged opposite two adjacent bridging plates 30. It ensures partial covering of one of the two bridging plates 30 by the other.
- the first longitudinal end surface 33A; 33A' of one of the two adjacent bridging plates 30 partially covers the second longitudinal end surface 33B; 33B' of the other bridging plate 30, all along the second longitudinal end surface 33B; 33B' ( Figures 4 and 5).
- the second longitudinal end surface of one of the two adjacent bridging plates partially covers the first longitudinal end surface of the other bridging plate, all along the first longitudinal end surface.
- the risk of the fluid passing through the bridging plates 30 is reduced because the flow path accessible to the fluid between the two bridging plates 30 is elongated compared to the prior art.
- the longitudinal end surfaces of the bridging plate are planar and extend parallel to each other, perpendicular to the main faces of the bridging plate.
- said nesting system 40 has an overlap clearance greater than 10 millimeters (mm) in the longitudinal direction A1 of the inter-panel space 25.
- This overlap clearance is for example between 10 and 30 mm.
- first longitudinal end surface 33A; 33A' of one of the adjacent first and second bridging plates 30 partially covers the second longitudinal end surface 33B; 33B' of the other of the first and second bridging plates 30 over a distance greater than or equal to 10 millimeters, preferably between 10 and 30 millimeters. This distance is measured along the longitudinal direction A1 of the inter-panel space.
- the nesting system 40 allows a tolerance in the positioning of the bridging plates 30 while maintaining a certain efficiency.
- each bridging plate 30 has shapes complementary to each other capable of forming said nesting system 40.
- first longitudinal end surface 33A; 33A' of one of the first and second bridging plates 30 and the second longitudinal end surface 33B; 33B' of the other of the first and second bridging plates 30 have shapes adapted to fit into one another, for example complementary shapes.
- Each longitudinal end surface 33A, 33B; 33A', 33B' preferably has a uniform shape along the transverse direction A11 to the inter-panel space 25.
- Nesting can also be achieved by adding a complementary part interposed between two adjacent bridging plates.
- the two longitudinal ends of each bridging plate are identical and each have a longitudinal end surface delimiting a groove-shaped housing, such as the housing 42' shown in FIG. .
- the two housings open opposite each other when the two adjacent bridging plates are placed end to end.
- the complementary part can then have the form of a plate, fitting entirely into the two housings of the two adjacent bridging plates.
- At least one of the longitudinal end surfaces 33A; 33A', 33B; 33B' of each bridging plate 30 has at least one adjustment surface 34, 34' parallel to the main faces 31A, 31B of the bridging plate 30.
- the at least one adjustment surface 34, 34' is for example connected to at least one of the two main faces 31A, 31B of the bridging plate 30 by a connecting surface perpendicular to the main face 31A, 31B.
- the bonding surface could be inclined relative to the main face by an angle of value other than 90°, for example an angle between 45 and 135°.
- the bridging plate having a connecting surface perpendicular to the main face has the advantage of being simple to manufacture.
- this adjustment surface 34, 34’ allows a range of relative positioning between the two adjacent bridging plates 30 along the longitudinal direction A1 of the inter-panel space 25 while maintaining contact between the first longitudinal end surface 33A; 33A’ of one of the two bridging plates 30 and the second longitudinal end surface of the other bridging plate 30.
- the two adjacent bridging plates 30 remain contiguous over the entire range of relative positioning. The assembly of the bridging plates 30 is thus facilitated.
- each longitudinal end surface 33A, 33B; 33A', 33B' comprises such an adjustment surface 34, 34'.
- the adjustment surface 34, 34' of the first longitudinal end surface of a bridging plate 30 and the adjustment surface 34,34' of the second longitudinal end surface of the adjacent bridging plate 30 are pressed against each other when the bridging plates 30 are nested inside each other.
- the nesting system 40 comprises a rib 41, 41’ formed in one of the bridging plates 30 and projecting in the longitudinal direction A1 towards the adjacent bridging plate 30.
- the nesting system 40 then comprises a housing 42, 42’ formed in this adjacent bridging plate 30 and receiving said rib 41, 41’.
- the overlap clearance is for example defined by the smallest dimension among a depth of the housing 42, 42’ and a length of the rib 41, 41’.
- the nesting system 40 comprises a rib 41 formed in the first bridging plate 30 and projecting in the longitudinal direction A1 towards the second bridging plate 30.
- the nesting system 40 comprises a housing 42 formed in the second bridging plate 30 and receiving said rib 41.
- the rib 41 of the first bridging plate 30 is delimited in part by one of the two main faces 31A, 31B of the first bridging plate 30, here the internal main face 31A, and in part by a step 36 of the first longitudinal end surface 33A of the first bridging plate 30 ( ).
- the housing 42 of the second bridging plate 30 opens onto the internal main face 31A of the second bridging plate 30.
- the bottom of the recess 36 and the part of the longitudinal end surface 33A delimiting the rib 41 form the adjustment surfaces 34.
- the nesting system 40 comprises a rib 41', taking the form of a finger, formed in the second bridging plate 30 and projecting in the longitudinal direction A1 towards the first bridging plate 30.
- the nesting system 40 comprises a housing 42' formed in the first bridging plate 30 and receiving said rib 41'.
- the rib 41’ of the second bridging plate 30 is delimited by two recesses 36’ of the longitudinal end surface 33B’ of the second bridging plate 30 and the housing 42’ of the first bridging plate 30 forms a groove in the longitudinal end surface 33A’ of the first bridging plate 30.
- the portion of the longitudinal end surface 33B’ delimiting the rib 41’ and the portion of the longitudinal end surface 33A’ delimiting the groove 42’ form two parallel adjustment surfaces 34’.
- the sealing membrane 14 has an inner face 14A, intended to be in contact with the fluid contained in the tank, and an outer face 14B, facing the thermally insulating barrier 12 (figures 4 and 5).
- the sealing membrane 14 comprises at least one corrugation 15, 16 projecting from the side of the inner face of the sealing membrane.
- the first series of corrugations 15 comprises at least two first parallel corrugations 15, projecting from the side of the inner face 14A of the sealing membrane 14, each first corrugation 15 extending in a first main direction d1 parallel to the first longitudinal peripheral faces 21A of the insulating panel 13 and each second corrugation 16 extending in a second main direction d2 parallel to the second transverse peripheral faces 21B of the insulating panel 13 ( ).
- the first principal direction d1 is here parallel to the longitudinal axis of the insulating panel 13 while the second principal direction d2 is orthogonal to this longitudinal axis.
- the first series of corrugations 15 extends here in the longitudinal direction A1 of the inter-panel spaces 25 described above.
- the second series of corrugations 16, which are lower than the corrugations 15, extend in the transverse direction A11 of the inter-panel space 25, at the level of the nesting system 40 of the bridging plates 30.
- the length of the bridging plate 30 along the longitudinal direction A1 of the inter-panel space 25 is equal to the interval between two corrugations of the second series of corrugations 16.
- the structure of the insulating panel 13 is identical at the level of the second transverse peripheral faces 21B which also delimit inter-panel spaces 25 ( ).
- the arrangement of the bridging plates 30 described above with reference to the inter-panel spaces 25 delimited by the first longitudinal peripheral faces 21A of the insulating panels 13 can therefore also be applied to the inter-panel spaces 25 delimited by the second transverse peripheral faces 21B.
- the inter-panel spaces 25 delimited by the second transverse peripheral faces 21B also house an insulating joint 26 and the bridging plates 30 described previously can be arranged above this insulating joint.
- the sealing membrane 14 is obtained by assembling a plurality of corrugated metal sheets, welded to each other overlapping along their edges.
- the first and second corrugations 15, 16 project towards the inside of the tank.
- the corrugated metal sheets are fixed on anchoring strips 29 which are fixed in counterbores formed in the cover plates 22 of the insulating panels 13.
- the corrugated metal sheets are, for example, made of stainless steel or aluminum.
- the insulating panels 13 of the thermally insulating barrier 12 of the tank comprise first relaxation slots 50, extending in a thickness of the insulating panel 13, from the internal face 22A of the insulating panel 13, opposite the first corrugations 15 of the waterproof membrane 14, and extending in the first main direction d1 corresponding to the longitudinal direction A1 of the inter-panel space 25.
- the first relaxation slots 50 comprise two first extreme relaxation slots 51, each first extreme relaxation slot 51 corresponding to the first relaxation slot closest to one of the two first longitudinal peripheral faces 21A of the insulating panel 13.
- a first central relaxation slot 50 extends in the middle of the insulating panel 13 along the longitudinal direction A1
- the two first extreme relaxation slots 51 extend near the first longitudinal peripheral faces 21A of the insulating panel 13, on either side of the first central relaxation slot 50.
- the first ripples 15 are mutually spaced by a first ripple pitch P1 ( ).
- the distance separating two first relaxation slots 50 is equal to that provided between two first undulations 15, that is to say equal to the first undulation step P1.
- a distance between a first extreme relaxation slot 51 and an adjacent first longitudinal peripheral face 21A of the insulating panel 13 is less than the first corrugation pitch P1, preferably equal to half of the first corrugation pitch P1.
- the insulating panels 13 of the thermally insulating barrier 12 of the tank also comprise second relaxation slots 60, extending in the thickness of the insulating panel 13, from the internal face 22A of the insulating panel, opposite the second corrugations 16 of the sealing membrane 14, and extending in the second main direction d2 corresponding to the transverse direction A11 of the inter-panel space 25.
- the second relaxation slots 60 comprise two second extreme relaxation slots 61, each second extreme relaxation slot 61 corresponding to the second relaxation slot 60 closest to one of the two second transverse peripheral faces 21B of the insulating panel 13.
- the second undulations 16 are mutually spaced by a second undulation pitch P2 ( ).
- the first ripple step P1 and the second ripple step P2 can be equal or different.
- the distance separating two second relaxation slots 60 is equal to that provided between two second undulations 16, that is to say equal to the second undulation pitch P2.
- a distance between a second extreme relaxation slot 61 and a second adjacent transverse peripheral face 21B of the insulating panel 13 is less than the second corrugation pitch P2, preferably equal to half of the second corrugation pitch P2.
- the two second extreme relaxation slots 61 each extend respectively near one of the second transverse peripheral faces 21B of the insulating panel 13.
- the relaxation slots 50, 60 are thus arranged to allow deformation of the corrugation 15, 16 arranged directly above said relaxation slots 50, 60 in a direction transverse to their direction of extension.
- each first relaxation slot 50 crosses all the second relaxation slots 60 and extends between two ends 50A, 50B each located between one of the two second extreme relaxation slots 61 and the second transverse peripheral face 21B of the adjacent insulating panel 13, but at a distance from this second transverse peripheral face 21B.
- Each second relaxation slot 60 crosses all the first relaxation slots 50 and extends between two ends 60A, 60B each located between one of the two first extreme relaxation slots 51 and the first longitudinal peripheral face 21A of the adjacent insulating panel 13, but at a distance from this first longitudinal peripheral face 21A.
- the first and second relaxation slots 50, 60 have lengths less than the dimensions of the insulating panel 13 along their axis. In other words, the relaxation slots 50, 60 do not extend to the peripheral faces 21A, 21B of the insulating panel 13.
- the internal face 22A of the insulating panel 13 has a continuous peripheral edge 221 ( ), not interrupted by the first and second relaxation slots 50, 60.
- the continuous peripheral edge 221 extends between each first longitudinal peripheral face 21A of the insulating panel 13 and the ends 60A, 60B of the second relaxation slots 60 and between each second transverse peripheral face 21B of the insulating panel 13 and the ends 50A, 50B of the first relaxation slots 50.
- the dimension of the peripheral edge 221 in a transverse direction, perpendicular to the first or second adjacent peripheral face 21A, 21B of the insulating panel 13, is between 5 and 50 millimeters.
- the distance E between the end 50A, 50B, 60A, 60B of each of the first and second relaxation slots 50, 60 and the first or second peripheral face 21A, 21B of the adjacent insulating panel 13 is between 5 and 50 millimeters ( ).
- Each first and second relaxation slot 50, 60 is for example obtained by cutting with a circular saw.
- the profile of such a relaxation slot 50, 60 is shown for example in the .
- Each first and second relaxation slot 50, 60 has a fillet at each of their ends corresponding to the rounded shape of the circular saw used.
- the cutting of the relaxation slots 50, 60 can be carried out by means of a mortiser type device or any other suitable device such as a milling device, guided chainsaw, annular saw or the like.
- Each relaxation slot 50, 60 extends in a plane perpendicular to the internal face 22A of the insulating panel 13.
- Each relaxation slot 50, 60 passes through the cover plate 22 of the insulating panel 13 and a portion of the polymer foam layer sandwiched between the cover plate 22 and the bottom plate 23, without reaching the bottom plate 23.
- each relaxation slot 50, 60 is for example between 50 and 130 mm.
- the first and second relaxation slots 50, 60 are thus here non-opening and non-through: they do not open onto any of the peripheral faces 21A, 21B of the insulating panel 13 and do not pass through the layer of insulating polymer foam 21.
- the manufacture of the insulating panels 13 can be carried out according to various embodiments.
- the cover plates 22 and bottom plates 23 are, for example, glued on either side of the insulating polymer foam layer 21 and then the relaxation slots 50, 60 are cut out.
- the nesting system provided at the junction of the bridging plates and the fact that the relaxation slots are non-opening on the peripheral faces of the insulating panel 13 contribute to reinforcing the sealing of the tank and the protection of the supporting structure, in this case the hull of the ship, against leaks of the fluid contained in the tank which could damage this supporting structure.
- non-opening relaxation slots 50, 60 on the peripheral faces 21A, 21B of the insulating panel 13 also makes it possible to limit convection and thermosiphon phenomena inside the wall of the tank.
- the tank has two different types of tank walls.
- the tank walls are single-barrier tank walls, while in a second part of the tank, the tank walls have a double-barrier tank wall.
- the single barrier wall part 11 ( ) comprises the thermally insulating barrier 12 described above, comprising a plurality of identical and juxtaposed insulating panels 13, topped with the sealing membrane 14.
- the insulating panels 13 of the thermally insulating barrier 12 are fixed to the load-bearing wall 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ( ). No additional waterproofing membrane is interposed between the insulating panels 13 and the supporting structure 1A.
- the single barrier wall portion 11 is arranged in an upper part of the tank, located above a substantially horizontal median plane PM of the tank. The risk that the load-bearing wall is exposed to the fluid contained in the tank is in fact lower in the upper part of the tank.
- Said single barrier wall portion 11 is more particularly arranged in the areas of the tank least in contact with the fluid contained in the tank.
- the single barrier wall part 11 is therefore anchored on an upper part of the supporting structure 1A represented schematically by the horizontally dashed areas of the , while the double barrier wall portion 17 is anchored to a lower portion of the supporting structure 1A, schematically represented by the hatched areas of the .
- the single barrier wall portion 11 forms the ceiling of the tank.
- the double barrier wall portion 17 is preferably used in areas of the tank that are particularly exposed to the fluid contained in the tank. The risk that the load-bearing wall will be exposed to the fluid contained in the tank is greater in the lower part of the tank.
- the double barrier wall portion 17 may be of any suitable type known to those skilled in the art. It successively has, from the outside to the inside, in the thickness direction of the wall: - a secondary thermally insulating barrier comprising insulating elements fixed to the supporting structure; - a secondary waterproofing membrane anchored to the insulating elements of the secondary thermally insulating barrier; - a primary thermally insulating barrier comprising other insulating elements resting against the secondary waterproofing membrane; and - a primary sealing membrane anchored to the insulating elements of the primary thermally insulating barrier and intended to be in contact with the fluid contained in the tank.
- the primary waterproofing membrane is, for example, similar to that described previously.
- the secondary waterproofing membrane can be made by various known techniques, for example in the form of a bonded composite sheet. According to another example, it is formed of a continuous sheet of metal strakes with raised edges. Each strake has a flat central portion resting on insulating elements of the secondary thermally insulating barrier and two raised edges projecting towards the inside of the tank. The strakes are welded by their raised edges to welding supports which are fixed in grooves provided in the insulating elements of the secondary thermally insulating barrier.
- the insulating elements of the primary thermally insulating barrier are primary insulating panels of similar structure to the insulating panel 13 of the single barrier wall portion 11. They comprise a layer of insulating polymer foam, for example polyurethane, sandwiched between a rigid cover plate and a base plate, for example plywood.
- each insulating panel 13 forming the single barrier wall portion 11 is equal to the cumulative thickness of the primary and secondary thermally insulating barriers and the secondary sealing membrane of the double barrier wall portion such that the inner face of the insulating panels 13 of the single barrier wall portion 11 extends in the extension of an inner face of the insulating panels forming the primary thermally insulating barrier of the double barrier wall portion.
- the insulating panel 13 has a length of 3 meters and a width of 1 meter.
- the plywood cover plate 22 may have a thickness of between 9 and 15 mm; the plywood bottom plate 23 may have a thickness of between 9 and 15 mm, and the insulating polymer foam layer 21 has a thickness suitable for obtaining an insulating panel having a total thickness of approximately 200 to 500 mm, for example 400 mm.
- the dimensions and thicknesses are given for information purposes only and vary depending on the applications and the desired thermal insulation performance.
- each of the primary and secondary barriers of the double barrier wall portion 17 may be approximately 200 mm in this case.
- the waterproofing membrane 14 of the single-barrier wall portion 11 and the primary waterproofing membrane of the double-barrier wall portion 17 thus extend in line with one another.
- the waterproofing membrane 14 of the single-barrier wall portion 11 and the primary waterproofing membrane of the double-barrier wall portion 17 are formed of corrugated plates welded to one another with an overlap along their edges so as to form only one continuous waterproofing membrane.
- the technique described above for making a sealed and insulating tank can be used in different types of tanks, for example to form the wall of an LNG tank in a land-based installation or in a floating structure such as an LNG carrier or other. It can also be used to make a fuel tank for the propulsion system of a ship, for ships of all types. In such a case, the liquefied gas contained in the tank is subsequently called liquefied combustible gas.
- FIG. 70 There shows a schematic view of a ship 70 comprising a sealed and thermally insulating tank 1 mounted in the hull 72 of the ship 70.
- loading pipelines of the ship can be connected, by means of appropriate connectors, to a maritime or port terminal for transferring a cargo of liquefied combustible gas to the tank 1.
- the loading station 75 is a fixed offshore installation comprising a movable arm 74 and a tower 78 which supports the movable arm 74.
- the movable arm 74 carries at least one flexible pipe 79 which can be connected to the loading pipeline of the ship.
- the orientable movable arm 74 adapts to all sizes of ships.
- a connecting pipe, not shown, extends inside the tower 78.
- the loading station 75 allows the loading of the vessel 70 with LNG fuel from the onshore installation 77.
- the latter comprises liquefied gas storage tanks 80 and connecting pipes 81 connected by the subsea pipe 76 to the loading station 75.
- the subsea pipe 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading station 75 and the onshore installation 77 over a long distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the vessel 70 at a great distance from the coast during the loading operations.
- pumps on board the ship 70 and/or pumps equipping the onshore installation 77 and/or pumps equipping the loading station 75 are used.
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Abstract
Description
- un panneau isolant présentant une face interne tournée vers l’intérieur de la cuve et quatre faces périphériques s’étendant à partir de ladite face interne,
- une membrane d’étanchéité présentant une face intérieure, destinée à être en contact avec le fluide contenu dans la cuve, et une face extérieure, recouvrant la face interne du panneau isolant, ladite membrane d’étanchéité comportant au moins deux premières ondulations parallèles, saillantes du côté de la face intérieure de la membrane d’étanchéité, chaque première ondulation s’étendant selon une première direction principale parallèle à deux premières des quatre faces périphériques du panneau isolant et au moins deux deuxièmes ondulations s’étendant selon une deuxième direction principale parallèle aux deux deuxièmes faces périphériques du panneau isolant, les première et deuxième directions principales étant orthogonales,
le panneau isolant comportant :
- des premières fentes de relaxation, s’étendant dans une épaisseur du panneau isolant, à partir de la face interne du panneau isolant, en vis-à-vis des premières ondulations de la membrane d’étanchéité, selon la première direction principale et comprenant deux premières fentes de relaxation extrêmes, chaque première fente de relaxation extrême correspondant à la première fente de relaxation la plus proche de l’une des deux premières faces périphériques du panneau isolant et
- des deuxièmes fentes de relaxation, s’étendant dans l’épaisseur du panneau isolant, à partir de la face interne du panneau isolant, en vis-à-vis des deuxièmes ondulations de la membrane d’étanchéité, selon la deuxième direction principale, et comprenant deux deuxièmes fentes de relaxation extrêmes, chaque deuxième fente de relaxation extrême correspondant à la deuxième fente de relaxation la plus proche de l’une des deux deuxièmes faces périphériques du panneau isolant,
dans laquelle chaque première fente de relaxation croise au moins une ou chacune des deuxièmes fentes de relaxation et s’étend entre deux extrémités situées chacune entre l’une des deux deuxièmes fentes de relaxation extrêmes et la deuxième face périphérique du panneau isolant adjacente, à distance de la deuxième face périphérique,
et chaque deuxième fente de relaxation croise au moins une ou chacune des premières fentes de relaxation et s’étend entre deux extrémités situées chacune entre l’une des deux premières fentes de relaxation extrêmes et la première face périphérique du panneau isolant adjacente, à distance de la première face périphérique.
- la barrière thermiquement isolante 12 comportant des panneaux isolants 13 ;
- la membrane d’étanchéité 14 ancrée aux panneaux isolants 13 de la barrière thermiquement isolante 12 (
- une face interne 22A tournée vers l’intérieur de la cuve et recouverte par la membrane d’étanchéité 14,
- une face externe 23A opposée à la face interne 22A, et
- et quatre faces périphériques 21A, 21B s’étendant à partir de ladite face interne 22A. Les quatre face périphériques 21A, 21B relient la face interne 22A à la face externe 23A.
- une barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire comportant des éléments isolants fixés à la structure porteuse ;
- une membrane d’étanchéité secondaire ancrée aux éléments isolants de la barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire ;
- une barrière thermiquement isolante primaire comportant d’autres éléments isolants reposant contre la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire; et
- une membrane d’étanchéité primaire ancrée aux éléments isolants de la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire et destinée à être en contact avec le fluide contenu dans la cuve.
Claims (14)
- Cuve (1) étanche et thermiquement isolante pour le stockage d’un fluide, comportant une paroi de cuve comprenant:
- un panneau isolant (13) présentant une face interne (22A) tournée vers l’intérieur de la cuve (1) et quatre faces périphériques (21A, 21B) s’étendant à partir de ladite face interne (22A),
- une membrane d’étanchéité (14) présentant une face intérieure (14A), destinée à être en contact avec le fluide contenu dans la cuve (1), et une face extérieure (14B), recouvrant la face interne (22A) du panneau isolant (13A), ladite membrane d’étanchéité (14) comportant au moins deux premières ondulations parallèles (15), saillantes du côté de la face intérieure (14A) de la membrane d’étanchéité (14), chaque première ondulation (15) s’étendant selon une première direction principale (d1) parallèle à deux premières (21A) des quatre faces périphériques du panneau isolant (13) et au moins deux deuxièmes ondulations (16) s’étendant selon une deuxième direction principale (d2) parallèle aux deux deuxièmes faces périphériques (21B) du panneau isolant (13), les première et deuxième directions principales (d1, d2) étant orthogonales,
le panneau isolant (13) comportant :
- des premières fentes de relaxation (50), s’étendant dans une épaisseur du panneau isolant (13), à partir de la face interne (22A) du panneau isolant (13), en vis-à-vis des premières ondulations (15) de la membrane d’étanchéité (14), selon la première direction principale (d1) et comprenant deux premières fentes de relaxation extrêmes (51), chaque première fente de relaxation extrême (51) correspondant à la première fente de relaxation (50) la plus proche de l’une des deux premières faces périphériques (21A) du panneau isolant (13) et
- des deuxièmes fentes de relaxation (60), s’étendant dans l’épaisseur du panneau isolant (13), à partir de la face interne (22A) du panneau isolant (13), en vis-à-vis des deuxièmes ondulations (16) de la membrane d’étanchéité (14), selon la deuxième direction principale (d2), et comprenant deux deuxièmes fentes de relaxation extrêmes (61), chaque deuxième fente de relaxation extrême (61) correspondant à la deuxième fente de relaxation (60) la plus proche de l’une des deux deuxièmes faces périphériques (21B) du panneau isolant (13),
dans laquelle chaque première fente de relaxation (50) croise toutes les deuxièmes fentes de relaxation (60) et s’étend entre deux extrémités (50A, 50B) situées chacune entre l’une des deux deuxièmes fentes de relaxation extrêmes (61) et la deuxième face périphérique (21B) du panneau isolant (13) adjacente, à distance de ladite deuxième face périphérique (21B),
et chaque deuxième fente de relaxation (60) croise toutes les premières fentes de relaxation (50) et s’étend entre deux extrémités (60A, 60B) situées chacune entre l’une des deux premières fentes de relaxation extrêmes (51) et la première face périphérique (21A) du panneau isolant (13) adjacente, à distance de ladite première face périphérique (21A). - Cuve selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle les premières ondulations (15) sont mutuellement espacées d’un premier pas d’ondulation (P1) et dans laquelle une distance entre les premières fentes de relaxation extrêmes (51) et les premières faces périphériques (21A) est inférieure au premier pas d’ondulation (P1).
- Cuve selon l’une des revendications 1 ou 2, dans laquelle les deuxièmes ondulations (16) sont mutuellement espacées d’un deuxième pas d’ondulation (P2) et dans laquelle une distance entre les deuxièmes fentes de relaxation extrêmes (61) et les deuxièmes faces périphériques (21B) est inférieure au deuxième pas d’ondulation (P2).
- Cuve selon l’une des revendications 1 à 3, dans laquelle la distance (E) entre l’extrémité (50A, 50B, 60A, 60B) de chacune des premières et deuxièmes fentes de relaxation (50, 60) et la première ou deuxième face périphérique (21A, 21B) du panneau isolant (13) adjacente, est comprise entre 5 et 50 millimètres.
- Cuve selon l’une des revendications 1 à 4, dans laquelle la paroi de cuve comprend une partie de paroi à barrière unique (11), la partie de paroi à barrière unique (11) comprenant ledit panneau isolant (13) juxtaposé à une pluralité de panneaux isolants (13) identiques formant une barrière thermiquement isolante (12) surmontée de la membrane d’étanchéité (14), ladite barrière thermiquement isolante (12) étant ancrée sur une paroi porteuse (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ) d’une structure porteuse (1A), sans autre membrane d’étanchéité interposée entre la barrière thermiquement isolante et la paroi porteuse.
- Cuve selon la revendication 5, dans laquelle ladite partie de paroi à barrière unique (11) est disposée dans une partie haute de la cuve (1), située au-dessus d’un plan médian (PM) de la cuve (1) sensiblement horizontal.
- Cuve selon l’une des revendications 5 ou 6, dans laquelle la paroi de cuve comporte en outre une partie de paroi à barrière double (17) comportant une membrane d’étanchéité primaire destinée à être en contact avec le fluide contenu dans la cuve, une membrane d’étanchéité secondaire agencée entre la membrane d’étanchéité primaire et la paroi porteuse, une barrière thermiquement isolante primaire agencée entre la membrane d’étanchéité primaire et la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire et une barrière thermiquement isolante secondaire agencée entre la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire et la paroi porteuse, dans laquelle la membrane d’étanchéité (14) de la partie de paroi à barrière unique (11) et la membrane d’étanchéité primaire de la partie de paroi à barrière double (17) s’étendent dans le prolongement l’une de l’autre, et dans laquelle l’épaisseur de chaque panneau isolant (13) formant la partie de paroi à barrière unique (11) est égale à l’épaisseur cumulée des barrières thermiquement isolantes primaire et secondaire et de la membrane d’étanchéité secondaire de la partie de paroi à barrière double (17) de sorte que la face interne (22A) des panneaux isolants (13) de la partie de paroi à barrière unique (11) s’étende dans le prolongement d’une face interne de la barrière thermiquement isolante primaire.
- Cuve selon l’une des revendications 5 à 7, dans laquelle ladite partie de paroi à barrière unique (11) forme le plafond de la cuve.
- Cuve selon l’une des revendication 1 à 8, dans laquelle chaque fente de relaxation (50, 60) s’étend dans un plan perpendiculaire à la face interne (22A) du panneau isolant (13).
- Cuve selon l’une des revendications 1 à 9, dans laquelle le panneau isolant (13) comprend une couche de mousse polymère (21) prise en sandwich entre une plaque supérieure (22) rigide et une plaque inférieure (23) rigide.
- Cuve selon la revendication 10, dans laquelle chaque fente de relaxation (50, 60) s’étend à travers la plaque supérieure (22) rigide et sur une partie de l’épaisseur de la couche de mousse polymère (21) sans atteindre la plaque inférieure (23) rigide.
- Navire (70) comportant une coque (72), un système de propulsion et une cuve (1) étanche et thermiquement isolante selon l’une des revendications 1 à 11, pour le stockage d’un gaz combustible liquéfié destiné à fournir le gaz combustible au système de propulsion.
- Système de transfert pour un gaz combustible liquéfié, le système comportant un navire (70) selon la revendication 12, des canalisations isolées (79, 76, 81) agencées de manière à relier la cuve (1) du navire (70) à une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre (77) et une pompe pour entrainer un flux de gaz combustible liquéfié à travers les canalisations isolées (79, 76, 81) depuis l’installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre (77) vers la cuve (1) du navire (70).
- Procédé de chargement d’un navire (70) selon la revendication 12, dans lequel on achemine un gaz combustible liquéfié à travers des canalisations isolées (79, 76, 81) depuis une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre (77) vers la cuve du navire (70).
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| KR1020267005003A KR20260040635A (ko) | 2023-07-20 | 2024-07-18 | 단열 패널을 포함하는 밀봉-단열 탱크 |
| CN202480048269.9A CN121548711A (zh) | 2023-07-20 | 2024-07-18 | 包括隔热面板的密封隔热罐 |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FRFR2307818 | 2023-07-20 | ||
| FR2307818A FR3151371B1 (fr) | 2023-07-20 | 2023-07-20 | Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante comprenant un panneau isolant |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| WO2025017148A1 true WO2025017148A1 (fr) | 2025-01-23 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| PCT/EP2024/070446 Pending WO2025017148A1 (fr) | 2023-07-20 | 2024-07-18 | Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante comprenant un panneau isolant |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| KR (1) | KR20260040635A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN121548711A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3151371B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2025017148A1 (fr) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3001945A1 (fr) | 2013-02-14 | 2014-08-15 | Gaztransp Et Technigaz | Paroi etanche et thermiquement isolante pour cuve de stockage de fluide |
| FR3082275A1 (fr) * | 2018-06-06 | 2019-12-13 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante |
| KR20200016915A (ko) * | 2020-02-07 | 2020-02-17 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | 액화천연가스 저장탱크 및 액화천연가스 저장 탱크의 단열벽 고정장치 |
| KR20210012092A (ko) * | 2019-07-23 | 2021-02-03 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | Lng 저장탱크의 단열패널 고정장치 |
| FR3115092A1 (fr) * | 2020-10-09 | 2022-04-15 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante |
| FR3122400A1 (fr) | 2021-04-30 | 2022-11-04 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Navire roulier comprenant une cuve pour le stockage de gaz liquéfié |
-
2023
- 2023-07-20 FR FR2307818A patent/FR3151371B1/fr active Active
-
2024
- 2024-07-18 CN CN202480048269.9A patent/CN121548711A/zh active Pending
- 2024-07-18 KR KR1020267005003A patent/KR20260040635A/ko active Pending
- 2024-07-18 WO PCT/EP2024/070446 patent/WO2025017148A1/fr active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3001945A1 (fr) | 2013-02-14 | 2014-08-15 | Gaztransp Et Technigaz | Paroi etanche et thermiquement isolante pour cuve de stockage de fluide |
| FR3082275A1 (fr) * | 2018-06-06 | 2019-12-13 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante |
| KR20210012092A (ko) * | 2019-07-23 | 2021-02-03 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | Lng 저장탱크의 단열패널 고정장치 |
| KR20200016915A (ko) * | 2020-02-07 | 2020-02-17 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | 액화천연가스 저장탱크 및 액화천연가스 저장 탱크의 단열벽 고정장치 |
| FR3115092A1 (fr) * | 2020-10-09 | 2022-04-15 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante |
| FR3122400A1 (fr) | 2021-04-30 | 2022-11-04 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Navire roulier comprenant une cuve pour le stockage de gaz liquéfié |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3151371A1 (fr) | 2025-01-24 |
| FR3151371B1 (fr) | 2025-06-13 |
| CN121548711A (zh) | 2026-02-17 |
| KR20260040635A (ko) | 2026-03-25 |
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