WO2025015697A1 - 保护膜、电池单体、电池及用电设备 - Google Patents

保护膜、电池单体、电池及用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025015697A1
WO2025015697A1 PCT/CN2023/119835 CN2023119835W WO2025015697A1 WO 2025015697 A1 WO2025015697 A1 WO 2025015697A1 CN 2023119835 W CN2023119835 W CN 2023119835W WO 2025015697 A1 WO2025015697 A1 WO 2025015697A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
detection unit
protective film
battery
electrode assembly
battery cell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/119835
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴凯
朱翠翠
张继君
王少飞
魏奕民
李杨
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Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
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Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2025015697A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025015697A1/zh
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a protective film, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • Batteries are widely used in electronic devices, such as electric vehicles, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric ships, etc.
  • the present application provides a protective film, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device, which can improve the safety of the battery.
  • the present application provides a protective film for wrapping an electrode assembly, wherein the protective film comprises a film body and a detection unit, wherein the detection unit is formed on the film body, and the detection unit is used to detect information related to the electrode assembly.
  • the detection unit is formed on the membrane body, so that the space inside the battery cell jointly occupied by the detection unit and the membrane body is reduced, which is beneficial to improving the group margin of the battery cell and further improving the energy density of the battery.
  • a recess is provided on the film body, and at least a portion of the detection unit is accommodated in the recess.
  • Such a design enables at least a portion of the detection unit to be located inside the film body, further improving the group margin of the battery cell.
  • the detection unit is formed on the membrane body by spraying, screen printing or 3D printing. Such a design enables the assembly of the detection unit to be completed while the membrane body is being produced, thereby improving assembly efficiency.
  • the detection unit includes a circuit and an insulating layer, and the circuit is located between the insulating layer and the membrane body. This design makes the membrane body a part of the detection unit, reduces the space occupied by the detection unit and the membrane body inside the battery cell, and improves the group margin inside the battery cell.
  • the circuit is formed on the membrane body by spraying, screen printing or 3D printing
  • the insulating layer is formed on the membrane body by spraying, screen printing or 3D printing.
  • the detection unit adopts the above-mentioned forming method, so that after the protective film is processed, the circuit will not protrude from the membrane body, reducing the risk of single-point overvoltage of the electrode assembly due to the circuit protruding from the membrane body.
  • the detection unit is a sheet-like structure.
  • Such a design makes the sheet-like detection unit highly fit with the electrode assembly, thereby improving the detection accuracy of the detection unit. On the other hand, it makes the surface flatness of the protective film higher, thereby reducing the risk of single-point overpressure of the electrode assembly.
  • the multiple detection units are arranged at intervals. With this design, more samples of relevant information about the electrode assembly are obtained, and thus the relevant information about the electrode assembly is more accurate.
  • the plurality of detection units include at least one of a pressure detection unit, a strain detection unit, an air pressure detection unit, and a temperature detection unit.
  • a pressure detection unit e.g., a Bosch Sensortec BMA150 RF sensor
  • a strain detection unit e.g., a MEMS Sensortec BMA150 RF sensor
  • an air pressure detection unit e.g., a MEMS Sensortec BMA150 RF sensor
  • a temperature detection unit e.g., a temperature detection unit.
  • the number of detection points per unit area of the detection unit is A, satisfying: A ⁇ 4 points/cm2.
  • the density of multiple detection units is designed within a reasonable range to reduce the risk that the detection unit cannot capture abnormal information in time after an abnormality occurs in a battery cell due to the number of detection points per unit area being less than 4 points/cm2.
  • the detection unit includes a pressure detection unit, the detection range of the pressure detection unit is P 1 , which satisfies: 0 ⁇ P 1 ⁇ 10MPa, and the detection accuracy is not less than 10kPa.
  • the pressure detection range P 1 of the pressure detection unit is set to between 0 and 10MPa to meet the actual working conditions, saving the extra cost caused by selecting a pressure detection unit with too large a pressure detection range.
  • the detection accuracy of the pressure detection unit can be set to not less than 10kPa.
  • the detection unit includes a temperature detection unit, and the detection range of the temperature detection unit is P 2 , which satisfies: 40°C ⁇ P 2 ⁇ 400°C, and the detection accuracy is not less than 0.1°C.
  • the temperature detection range P 2 of the temperature detection unit is set to between -40°C and 400°C to meet the actual working conditions, saving the extra cost caused by selecting a temperature detection unit with too wide a temperature detection range.
  • the detection accuracy of the temperature detection unit can be set to not less than 0.1°C.
  • the detection unit includes a strain detection unit, and the detection range of the strain detection unit is P 3 , which satisfies: 0 ⁇ P 3 ⁇ 20%, and the detection accuracy is not less than 1%.
  • the stress of the electrode assembly is generally between 0 and 20%.
  • the strain detection range P 3 of the strain detection unit is set to between 0 and 20% to meet the actual working conditions, saving the additional cost caused by selecting a strain detection unit with an overly wide strain detection range.
  • the detection accuracy of the strain detection unit can be set to not less than 1%.
  • the detection unit includes an air pressure detection unit, and the detection range of the air pressure detection unit is P 4 , which satisfies: 0 ⁇ P 4 ⁇ 4MPa, and the detection accuracy is not less than 10kPa.
  • the electrode assembly when the battery cell is in normal working state, the electrode assembly produces gas so that the pressure inside the battery cell is generally between 0 and 4MPa.
  • the air pressure detection range P 4 of the air pressure detection unit is set to between 0 and 4MPa to meet the actual working conditions, saving the additional cost caused by selecting an air pressure detection unit with an overly wide air pressure detection range.
  • the detection accuracy of the air pressure detection unit can be set to not less than 10kPa.
  • the maximum thickness of the protective film is T, which satisfies: T ⁇ 200 ⁇ m.
  • the minimum distance between the electrode assembly and the wall of the outer shell of the battery cell is generally 200 ⁇ m.
  • the maximum thickness of the protective film is designed within a reasonable range, so that it is more convenient to put the protective film into the shell after the electrode assembly is coated with the protective film, and the risk of insulation failure between the electrode assembly and the shell caused by scratching and damage by the wall of the shell when the electrode assembly is coated with the protective film and then put into the shell is reduced.
  • the present application provides a battery cell, which includes a housing, an electrode assembly and the protective film in the above embodiment, wherein the electrode assembly is disposed in the housing, and the protective film is disposed in the housing and wraps the electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly is flat, and the outer peripheral surface of the electrode assembly includes two first surfaces arranged opposite to each other along the thickness direction of the electrode assembly, two second surfaces arranged opposite to each other along the width direction of the electrode assembly, and a bending surface connecting the first surface and the second surface.
  • the protective film includes a first area covering the first surface, the first area is provided with a detection unit, and/or the protective film also includes a second area covering the bending surface, the second area is provided with a detection unit, and/or the protective film also includes a third area covering the second surface, the third area is provided with a detection unit.
  • the detection unit can be arranged in different areas of the protective film, and the information of the electrode assemblies in different areas can be compared and analyzed, which is conducive to issuing more targeted early warning information when an abnormality occurs in a specific area of the battery cell.
  • a through hole is provided on the wall of the housing, and the battery cell further includes a wire, one end of which is connected to the detection unit, and the other end of which passes through the housing through the through hole, and the wire is used to transmit the signal of the detection unit.
  • the detection unit may also include a wireless communication module, which is used to transmit the signal of the detection unit. Using a wireless communication module to transmit the signal of the detection unit eliminates the need for assembly operations such as wiring and wiring, which can reduce the difficulty of assembling the battery cell.
  • the housing includes a shell and an end cap, the shell has an opening, and the end cap closes the opening.
  • the through hole is provided in the end cap.
  • the wire is led out through the through hole on the end cap.
  • the risk of the wire being damaged by the squeezing force caused by the mutual squeezing of adjacent battery cells can be reduced; on the other hand, generally, the end cap is the component of the housing farthest from the ground. For this reason, the through hole is provided in the end cap to reduce the risk of electrolyte leakage from the area between the end cap and the wire.
  • the battery cell further includes a sealing member disposed in the through hole to fill a gap between the conductive wire and the through hole.
  • the present application provides a battery, which includes the battery cell in the above embodiment.
  • the present application provides an electrical device, which includes the battery in the above embodiment, and the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG2 is an exploded view of a battery according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery cell in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG4 is an expanded view of a protective film according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a cross-sectional view of a protective film according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG6 is an exploded view of a portion of a battery cell according to some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG7 is an expanded view of the protective film of some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a battery according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the reference numerals in the specific implementation manner are as follows: 1000-vehicle; 200-controller; 300-motor; 100-battery; 11-box; 111-first part; 112-second part; 12-battery cell; 121-housing; 1211-end cover; 12111-through hole; 1212-housing; 122-electrode assembly; 1221-first surface; 1222-second surface; 1223-bending surface; 123-protective film; 1231-membrane body; 12311-first area; 12312-second area; 12313-third area; 12314-bottom area; 12315-substrate area; 1232-detection unit; 12321-base; 12322-circuit; 123221-sensitive layer; 123222-electrode; 12323-insulating layer; 124-adapter; 125-electrode terminal; 126-wire; 127-seal; 13-host computer.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two).
  • multiple groups refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and “multiple pieces” refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • battery cells may include but are not limited to lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries or magnesium-ion batteries, etc.
  • the shape of the battery cell may include but is not limited to a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes, etc.
  • the battery cell may include but is not limited to a cylindrical battery cell, a square battery cell and a soft-pack battery cell according to the packaging method.
  • the application of batteries includes three levels: battery cells, battery modules and batteries.
  • the battery module is formed by electrically connecting a certain number of battery cells together and placing them in a frame in order to protect the battery cells from external impact, heat, vibration, etc.
  • the battery refers to the final state of the battery system installed in the electric vehicle.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module that includes one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery generally includes a casing for encapsulating one or more battery cells. The casing can reduce the risk of liquid or other foreign matter affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes a housing component, an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.
  • the housing component may be an end cap or a shell, and the end cap closes an opening of the shell to define a receiving space for receiving the electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly is contained in the containing space, and the electrode assembly includes a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separator.
  • the battery cell mainly relies on the movement of metal ions between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode collector and a positive electrode active material layer, the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode collector, the positive electrode collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer serves as a positive electrode ear.
  • the material of the positive electrode collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganese oxide, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode collector and a negative electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode collector, the negative electrode collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the negative electrode collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer serves as a negative electrode ear.
  • the material of the negative electrode collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon, etc.
  • the electrode assembly can be formed in a manner including but not limited to a winding type or a lamination type.
  • the outer surface of the electrode assembly is generally coated with an insulating film.
  • the insulating film is generally soft and has good flexibility.
  • An insulating film can cover one or more electrode assemblies. Exemplarily, when multiple electrode assemblies are accommodated in the accommodation space, one insulating film can cover multiple electrode assemblies.
  • the tab generally leads the electrical energy of the electrode assembly by being electrically connected to a conductive member.
  • the conductive member is a transition piece connecting the tab and the electrode terminal. In other cases, the conductive member is an electrode terminal.
  • the electrode terminals generally include a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal.
  • the electrode terminals are generally provided at the end cap portion. In some other cases, the electrode terminals may also be provided at the housing portion. Multiple battery cells are connected in series and/or in parallel via the electrode terminals for various applications.
  • the electrode terminals generally include a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal.
  • the electrode terminals are generally provided at the end cap portion.
  • a plurality of battery cells are connected in series and/or in parallel via the electrode terminals for use in various applications.
  • a detection unit is generally set inside or outside the battery cell.
  • the detection unit is used to detect information related to the electrode assembly, for example, to detect the pressure, stress, temperature, and gas pressure of the electrode assembly.
  • the signal obtained by the detection unit is generally led out of the battery cell through a wire and transmitted to the host computer, such as the battery management system of the battery.
  • the battery management system compares and judges the received signal with the pre-set standard value.
  • the battery management system will take corresponding measures, such as issuing a thermal runaway warning.
  • the detection unit is set inside the shell of the battery cell, for example, the detection unit is attached to the inner wall of the shell. Since the detection unit occupies the internal space of the battery cell, the group margin of the battery cell is reduced, so that the energy density of the battery is reduced and the performance of the battery is reduced.
  • the present application provides a protective film for wrapping an electrode assembly, the protective film comprising a film body and a detection unit.
  • the detection unit is formed on the membrane body, and is used to detect information related to the electrode assembly.
  • the detection unit is formed on the membrane body, so that the space occupied by the detection unit and the membrane body together inside the battery cell is reduced, which is conducive to improving the group margin of the battery cell and further improving the energy density of the battery.
  • Electrical equipment includes, but is not limited to: battery vehicles, electric vehicles, ships, and spacecraft, etc.
  • spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, etc.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle 1000 in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle.
  • the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc.
  • a motor 300, a controller 200 and a battery 100 may be provided inside the vehicle 1000.
  • the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to power the motor.
  • a battery 100 may be provided at the bottom, front or rear of the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery 100 may be used to power the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery 100 may be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000, for the circuit 12322 system of the vehicle 1000, for example, for the working power demand during the start, navigation and operation of the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery 100 may not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000, but also as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery 100 may include a plurality of battery cells 12, wherein the plurality of battery cells 12 may be connected in series, in parallel, or in a hybrid connection, wherein the hybrid connection refers to a mixture of series and parallel connections.
  • the battery 100 may also be referred to as a battery pack.
  • a plurality of battery cells 12 may first be connected in series, in parallel, or in a hybrid connection to form a battery module, and a plurality of battery modules may then be connected in series, in parallel, or in a hybrid connection to form the battery 100.
  • a plurality of battery cells 12 may directly form the battery 100, or they may first form a battery module, and then the battery module may form the battery 100.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a battery 100 in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 may include a plurality of battery cells 12.
  • the battery 100 may also include a box 11, the interior of the box 11 is a hollow structure, and a plurality of battery cells 12 are accommodated in the box 11. As shown in FIG. 2, they are respectively referred to as the first part 111 and the second part 112, and the first part 111 and the second part 112 are buckled together.
  • the shapes of the first part 111 and the second part 112 can be determined according to the shapes of the combination of the plurality of battery cells 12, and the first part 111 and the second part 112 may each have an opening.
  • the first part 111 and the second part 112 may both be hollow cuboids and each has only one face as an opening face, the opening of the first part 111 and the opening of the second part 112 are arranged oppositely, and the first part 111 and the second part 112 are buckled together to form a box 11 with a closed chamber. After the plurality of battery cells 12 are connected in parallel, in series, or in a mixed combination, they are placed in the box 11 formed after the first part 111 and the second part 112 are buckled.
  • the battery 100 may also include other structures, which are not described one by one here.
  • the battery 100 may also include a busbar, which is used to realize electrical connection between multiple battery cells 12, such as parallel connection, series connection, or mixed connection.
  • the busbar can realize electrical connection between the battery cells 12 by connecting the electrode terminals 125 of the battery cells 12.
  • the busbar can be fixed to the electrode terminals 125 of the battery cells 12 by welding.
  • the number of battery cells 12 can be set to any value. Multiple battery cells 12 can be connected in series, parallel or hybrid to achieve a larger capacity or power. Since the number of battery cells 12 included in each battery 100 may be large, for ease of installation, the battery cells 12 can be grouped, and each group of battery cells 12 constitutes a battery module. The number of battery cells 12 included in the battery module is not limited and can be set according to demand.
  • the battery 100 may include multiple battery modules, which can be connected in series, parallel or hybrid.
  • the battery cell 12 includes one or more electrode assemblies 122 and a shell 121.
  • the shell 121 may include a shell 1212, and multiple walls of the shell 1212, that is, multiple walls of the shell 121, form a cavity, which can be used to accommodate the electrode assembly 122.
  • the shell 1212 is determined according to the shape of the one or more electrode assemblies 122 after being combined.
  • the shell 1212 can be a hollow cuboid or a cube or a regular polyhedron, and one of the faces of the shell 1212 has an opening so that one or more electrode assemblies 122 can be placed in the shell 1212.
  • the shell 1212 is filled with an electrolyte, such as an electrolyte.
  • the battery cell 12 may also include two electrode terminals 125, and the two electrode terminals 125 may be arranged on the end cap 1211.
  • the end cap 1211 is usually in the shape of a flat plate, and the two electrode terminals 125 are fixed on the flat surface of the end cap 1211.
  • the two electrode terminals 125 are respectively a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal.
  • Each electrode terminal 125 is provided with a corresponding adapter 124, which is located between the end cap 1211 and the electrode assembly 122, and is used to electrically connect the electrode assembly 122 and the electrode terminal 125.
  • the electrode assembly 122 can be provided as a single one, or multiple ones.
  • the battery cell 12 may also include Insulating film:
  • the insulating film is used to wrap the electrode assembly 122.
  • One insulating film can cover one or more electrode assemblies 122.
  • the insulating film can also be referred to as a protective film 123.
  • the present application provides a protective film 123 for wrapping the electrode assembly 122.
  • the protective film 123 includes a film body 1231 and a detection unit 1232.
  • the detection unit 1232 is formed on the film body 1231.
  • the detection unit 1232 is used to detect information related to the electrode assembly 122.
  • the detection unit 1232 is generally a thin film sensor, generally including an insulating layer 12323, a circuit 12322 and a substrate 12321, and the circuit 12322 generally includes a sensitive layer 123221 and an electrode 123222.
  • the sensitive layer 123221 is a powdery substance usually made of oxide particles or nanomaterials.
  • the resistance of the sensitive layer 123221 changes, which can reflect the pressure, stress, temperature of the electrode assembly 122, the gas pressure of the gas produced by the electrode assembly 122, and other information.
  • the electrode 123222 is used to convert the resistance change of the sensitive layer 123221 into an electrical signal.
  • the electrode 123222 is generally electrically connected to the wire 126 and the host computer 13.
  • the detection unit 1232 is formed on the membrane body 1231, which means that the detection unit 1232 is formed on the membrane body 1231 while the membrane body 1231 is produced, and the membrane body 1231 can be used as the insulating layer 12323 and/or the base 12321 of the detection unit 1232, and the thickness of the protective film 123 can be kept basically unchanged.
  • the group margin of the battery cell 12 is improved, and the group margin can be understood as the percentage of the electrode assembly 122 in the internal space of the battery cell 12.
  • the detection unit 1232 may be formed on two surfaces of the film body 1231 along the thickness direction thereof or inside the film body 1231 .
  • the shape, size and precision of the detection unit 1232 can be adjusted according to the detection requirements.
  • multiple detection units 1232 can be provided, and the multiple detection units 1232 are distributed on the entire outer circumference of the electrode assembly 122.
  • the multiple detection units 1232 formed on the membrane body 1231 will form multiple detection areas. In each detection area, the expansion force, and/or stress, and/or air pressure, and/or temperature and other sensing signals of multiple points of the electrode assembly 122 can be obtained, thereby realizing the detection of signals such as the expansion force of the electrode assembly 122, the stress of the electrode assembly 122, the air pressure inside the battery cell 12, and the temperature of the electrode assembly 122.
  • the above-mentioned signals can be transmitted to the host computer 13 for processing via the wire 126, etc.
  • the host computer 13 can be a computer, a processor, etc.
  • the host computer 13 can be a battery management system of the battery 100.
  • the battery management system can present the regionalized expansion force of the electrode assembly 122, the stress of the electrode assembly 122, the air pressure inside the battery cell 12, and the distribution diagram of the temperature of the electrode assembly 122 and the corresponding specific values, and conduct comparative analysis on the information of each area, and perform targeted early warning and other operations for areas with abnormal information.
  • the detection area can be set according to actual needs.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the electrode assembly 122 generally includes a large surface relatively set along its thickness direction, a side surface relatively set along its width direction, and a bending surface 1223 connecting adjacent large surfaces and side surfaces.
  • the detection area may correspond to the large surface, and/or the side surface, and/or the bending surface 1223 of the electrode assembly 122.
  • the area of the detection area is generally 80% of the area of the area to be tested. Exemplarily, if the area to be tested is a large surface, the detection area is 80% of the area of the large surface.
  • the area to be tested may also be a part of the large surface, and the detection area is 80% of the area of the part of the large surface to be tested.
  • the detection unit 1232 may be in the form of a sheet or a film, and may be made of a flexible material, may be bent and folded, and may have good flatness.
  • the detection unit 1232 can be first formed on the film body 1231, and then the protective film 123 is wrapped on the outer peripheral surface of the electrode assembly 122, and finally the protective film 123 is wrapped around the electrode assembly 122 and the overlapping parts are hot-melt connected to complete the assembly of the protective film 123.
  • the electrode assembly 122 wrapped with the protective film 123 is installed in the shell 121 of the battery cell 12, the wire 126 for transmitting the signal of the detection unit 1232 can be first led out from the shell 121 of the battery 100, and then the accommodating space of the shell 121 for accommodating the electrode assembly 122 can be closed by welding or the like.
  • the detection unit 1232 is formed on the membrane body 1231, so that the space occupied by the detection unit 1232 and the membrane body 1231 inside the battery cell 12 is reduced, which is beneficial to improve the group margin of the battery cell 12 and further improve the energy density of the battery 100.
  • a recess is provided on the membrane body 1231 , and at least a portion of the detection unit 1232 is accommodated in the recess.
  • the concave portion on the film body 1231 can be naturally formed by the equipment for processing the film body 1231 during the process of forming the film body 1231.
  • the concave portion can be formed in the process of forming the film body 1231 by designing the path of the nozzle of the 3D printer. After the concave portion is formed according to the design requirements, the raw material sprayed by the nozzle can be changed to spray the circuit 12322 into the concave portion. After that, a layer of insulating layer 12323 can be sprayed to form the detection unit 1232 on the film body 1231.
  • the thickness of the membrane body 1231 of the molded detection unit 1232 may also be consistent with the thickness of the membrane body 1231 of the original design.
  • Such a design enables at least a portion of the detection unit 1232 to be located inside the mold body, further improving the group margin of the battery cell 12 .
  • the detection unit 1232 is formed on the membrane body 1231 by spraying, screen printing or 3D printing.
  • Powder spraying can be called a powder spraying process.
  • Powder spraying equipment can be used to spray different raw materials onto a carrier platform. After the powder is solidified, a layered structure is formed, such as the insulating layer 12323, the circuit 12322, the substrate 12321, etc. of the detection unit 1232.
  • the circuit 12322 can be printed onto the substrate 12321 by screen printing, and the circuit 12322 can be formed on the film body 1231 by heating and curing after printing, and then the insulating layer 12323 is attached to the substrate 12321, and the insulating layer 12323, the circuit 12322 and the substrate 12321 are formed into an integrated structure by processes such as heat pressing.
  • the film body 1231 can serve as the substrate 12321 and/or the insulating layer 12323.
  • the substrate 12321, the insulating layer 12323, and the circuit 12322 can serve as a three-layer structure, and the protective film 123 is formed by a heat pressing process, and the thickness of the protective film 123 can be substantially consistent with the thickness of the protective film 123 prepared by conventional methods.
  • the substrate 12321 can be printed using a 3D printing device first, and then the powder can be replaced to print the circuit 12322 on the substrate 12321. Finally, the powder can be replaced again to cover an insulating layer 12323 on the circuit 12322 and the substrate 12321 to form the detection unit 1232 on the membrane body 1231.
  • the detection unit 1232 is formed on the membrane body 1231 by spraying, screen printing or 3D printing. Such a design enables the assembly of the detection unit 1232 to be completed while the membrane body 1231 is being produced, thereby improving the assembly efficiency.
  • the detection unit 1232 includes a circuit 12322 and an insulating layer 12323 , and the circuit 12322 is located between the insulating layer 12323 and the membrane body 1231 .
  • the circuit 12322 is located between the insulating layer 12323 and the membrane body 1231, which means that the detection unit 1232 does not need a substrate 12321 and only needs to include the circuit 12322 and the insulating layer 12323, and its total thickness is reduced.
  • the membrane body 1231 serves as the substrate 12321 of the detection unit 1232, that is, the membrane body 1231 is a part of the detection unit 1232.
  • the detection unit 1232 includes a circuit 12322 and an insulating layer 12323.
  • the circuit 12322 is located between the insulating layer 12323 and the membrane body 1231, so that the membrane body 1231 is a part of the detection unit 1232, reducing the space occupied by the detection unit 1232 and the membrane body 1231 inside the battery cell 12, thereby improving the group margin inside the battery cell 12.
  • the circuit 12322 is formed on the film body 1231 by spraying, screen printing or 3D printing
  • the insulating layer 12323 is formed on the film body 1231 by spraying, screen printing or 3D printing.
  • the insulating layer 12323 is formed on the membrane body 1231 by spraying, screen printing or 3D printing, which means that in some embodiments, the insulating layer 12323 can completely cover the membrane body 1231, and the circuit 12322 is located between the insulating layer 12323 and the membrane body 1231.
  • the gaps between adjacent circuits 12322 can be filled with the powder of the insulating layer 12323 through the above process, so that the circuit 12322 will not protrude from the membrane body 1231.
  • the number of stress concentration points on the protective film 123 will also be reduced, reducing the risk of single-point overpressure of the electrode assembly 122.
  • the detection unit 1232 is formed in the above-mentioned manner, so that after the protective film 123 is processed, the circuit 12322 will not protrude from the film body 1231, thereby reducing the risk of single-point overvoltage on the surface of the electrode assembly 122.
  • the detection unit 1232 is a sheet-like structure.
  • the sheet-like detection unit 1232 generally has a higher flatness and a higher degree of fit with the electrode assembly 122 .
  • This design makes the sheet-shaped detection unit 1232 highly fit with the electrode assembly 122, thereby improving the detection accuracy of the detection unit 1232. On the other hand, it makes the surface flatness of the protective film 123 higher, thereby reducing the risk of single-point overpressure of the electrode assembly 122.
  • the multiple detection units 1232 there are multiple detection units 1232 , and the multiple detection units 1232 are arranged at intervals.
  • the detection units 1232 may be distributed in an array or randomly.
  • the plurality of detection units 1232 include at least one of a pressure detection unit, a strain detection unit, an air pressure detection unit, and a temperature detection unit.
  • the protective film 123 may be integrated with a pressure detection unit, and/or a strain detection unit, and/or an air pressure detection unit, and/or a temperature detection unit.
  • the pressure detection unit includes one or more pressure sensors of piezoresistive, piezoelectric, capacitive, etc., which can be made into a sheet structure.
  • the strain detection unit includes one or more strain sensors such as resistance strain gauge, semiconductor strain gauge, alloy type, capacitance type, etc. that can be made into a sheet structure.
  • the air pressure detection unit includes one or more of the air pressure sensors of piezoresistive, piezoelectric, capacitive, pressure-variable, photoelectric, pressure-sensitive, etc., which can be made into a sheet-like structure.
  • the temperature detection unit includes one or more of a resistive type, a capacitive type, and an air pressure sensor that can be made into a sheet structure.
  • Such a design can collect various information of the electrode assembly 122 in real time, and monitor the electrode assembly 122 more comprehensively.
  • the number of detection points per unit area of the detection unit 1232 is A, satisfying: A ⁇ 4 points/cm2.
  • the value of A can be 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, etc. per square centimeter.
  • the density of the plurality of detection units 1232 within a reasonable range, the number of detection points per unit area can be increased, so that after an abnormality occurs in the battery cell 12 , the detection unit 1232 can capture the abnormal information in a timely manner.
  • the detection unit 1232 includes a pressure detection unit, the detection range of the pressure detection unit is P 1 , and satisfies: 0 ⁇ P 1 ⁇ 10MPa, and the detection accuracy is not less than 10kPa.
  • the pressure detection range of the pressure detection unit is P1 , and P1 can be any value of 1MPa, 2MPa, 3MPa, 4MPa, 5MPa, 6MPa, 7MPa, 8MPa, 9MPa or 10MPa.
  • the detection accuracy of the pressure detection unit can be no less than 10kPa.
  • the battery cell 12 is in a normal working state, and its internal expansion force is generally 10Mpa. Therefore, the pressure detection range P1 of the pressure detection unit is set to between 0 and 10MPa to meet the actual working conditions, saving the extra cost caused by selecting a pressure detection unit with an overly large pressure detection range. At the same time, in order to make the detection result have a certain reference value, the detection accuracy of the pressure detection unit can be set to not less than 10kPa.
  • the detection unit 1232 includes a temperature detection unit, the detection range of the temperature detection unit is P 2 , and satisfies: -40°C ⁇ P 2 ⁇ 400°C, and the detection accuracy is not less than 0.1°C.
  • the temperature detection range of the temperature detection unit is P2 , and P2 can take any value between -40°C and 400°C. 2 can be -40°C, -30°C, -20°C, -10°C, 0°C, 10°C, 20°C, 30°C, 40°C, 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, 90°C, 100°C, 110°C, 120°C, 130°C, 140°C, 150°C, 160°C, 170°C, 180°C, 190°C, 200°C, 210°C, 220°C, 230°C, 240°C, 250°C, 260°C, 270°C, 280°C, 290°C, 300°C, 310°C, 320°C, 330°C, 340°C, 350°C, 360°C, 370°C, 380°C, 390°C, 400°C.
  • the detection accuracy of the temperature detection unit can be not less than
  • the temperature detection range P2 of the temperature detection unit is set to between -40°C and 400°C to meet the actual working conditions, saving the extra cost caused by selecting a temperature detection unit with too wide a temperature detection range.
  • the detection accuracy of the temperature detection unit can be set to not less than 0.1°C.
  • the detection unit 1232 includes a strain detection unit, and the detection range of the strain detection unit is P 3 , which satisfies: 0 ⁇ P 3 ⁇ 20%, and the detection accuracy is not less than 1%.
  • the detection range of the strain detection unit can take any value between greater than 0 and less than or equal to 20%, and P3 can be 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%.
  • the detection accuracy of the strain detection unit can be no less than 1%.
  • the battery cell 12 is in a normal working state, and the stress of the electrode assembly 122 is generally between 0 and 20%. Therefore, the strain detection range P3 of the strain detection unit is set to between 0 and 20% to meet the actual working conditions and save the selection factor. The extra cost caused by using a strain detection unit with a too wide strain detection range. At the same time, in order to make the detection result have a certain reference value, the detection accuracy of the strain detection unit can be set to not less than 1%.
  • the detection unit 1232 includes an air pressure detection unit, the detection range of the air pressure detection unit is P 4 , and satisfies: 0 ⁇ P 4 ⁇ 4MPa, and the detection accuracy is not less than 10kPa.
  • the detection range of the air pressure detection unit can take any value between greater than 0 and less than or equal to 4MPa, and P4 can be 0.2MPa, 0.4MPa, 0.6MPa, 0.8MPa, 1MPa, 1.2MPa, 1.4MPa, 1.6MPa, 1.8MPa, 2MPa, 2.2MPa, 2.4MPa, 2.6MPa, 2.8MPa, 3MPa, 3.2MPa, 3.4MPa, 3.6MPa, 3.8MPa, 4MPa.
  • the detection accuracy of the air pressure detection unit can be no less than 10kPa.
  • the maximum thickness of the protective film 123 is T, satisfying: T ⁇ 200 ⁇ m.
  • the maximum thickness T of the protective film 123 can take any value greater than 0 and less than or equal to 200 ⁇ m.
  • T can be 10 ⁇ m, 20 ⁇ m, 30 ⁇ m, 40 ⁇ m, 50 ⁇ m, 60 ⁇ m, 70 ⁇ m, 80 ⁇ m, 90 ⁇ m, 100 ⁇ m, 110 ⁇ m, 120 ⁇ m, 130 ⁇ m, 140 ⁇ m, 150 ⁇ m, 160 ⁇ m, 170 ⁇ m, 180 ⁇ m, 190 ⁇ m, or 200 ⁇ m.
  • the minimum distance between the electrode assembly 122 and the wall of the outer shell 121 of the battery cell 12 is generally 200 ⁇ m, and the maximum thickness of the protective film 123 is designed to be within a reasonable range, so that it is more convenient to insert the protective film 123 into the shell after being wrapped around the electrode assembly 122, thereby reducing the risk of the electrode assembly 122 being scratched and damaged by the wall of the outer shell 121 when being wrapped with the protective film 123 and then inserted into the shell, resulting in insulation failure between the electrode assembly 122 and the outer shell 121.
  • the present application provides a battery cell 12, including a shell 121, an electrode assembly 122 and a protective film 123 as described in any of the above schemes, the electrode assembly 122 is arranged in the shell 121, and the protective film 123 is arranged in the shell 121 and wraps the electrode assembly 122.
  • the electrode assembly 122 is flat, and the outer peripheral surface of the electrode assembly 122 includes two first surfaces 1221 arranged opposite to each other along the thickness direction of the electrode assembly 122, two second surfaces 1222 arranged opposite to each other along the width direction of the electrode assembly 122, and a bending surface 1223 connecting the first surface 1221 and the second surface 1222.
  • the protective film 123 includes a first area 12311 covering the first surface 1221, the first area 12311 is provided with a detection unit 1232, and/or, the protective film 123 also includes a second area 12312 covering the bending surface 1223, the second area 12312 is provided with a detection unit 1232, and/or, the protective film 123 also includes a third area 12313 covering the second surface 1222, the third area 12313 is provided with a detection unit 1232.
  • the membrane body 1231 After the membrane body 1231 is unfolded, it generally includes a bottom area 12314. The opposite sides of the bottom area 12314 are connected to the first area 12311. The opposite sides of one of the first areas 12311 are connected to the substrate area 12315. The opposite sides of the other first area 12311 are connected to the second area 12312. The second area 12312 is connected to the third area 12313 away from the bottom area 12314 connected thereto. After the protective film 123 covers the electrode assembly 122, the bottom of the electrode assembly 122 is covered by the bottom area 12314. The third area 12313 partially overlaps with the substrate area 12315. The third area 12313 is generally outside the substrate area 12315.
  • the third area 12313 is connected to the substrate area 12315 by hot melting.
  • Hot melting generally adopts a point-to-point connection method.
  • the edge of the third area 12313 can be bonded to the substrate area 12315 by polyamide tape.
  • the detection unit 1232 can be set in different areas of the protective film 123, and can compare and analyze the information of the electrode assemblies 122 in different areas, which is conducive to issuing more targeted early warning information when an abnormality occurs in a specific area of the battery cell 12.
  • the wall of the shell 121 is provided with a through hole 12111, and the battery cell 12 also includes a wire 126, one end of the wire 126 is connected to the detection unit 1232, and the other end of the wire 126 passes through the shell 121 through the through hole 12111, and the wire 126 is used for transmitting the signal of the detection unit 1232.
  • the wall of the outer shell 121 may be a wall of the housing 1212 or may be an end cover 1211 .
  • the through hole 12111 is a hole structure provided on the wall of the housing 121, which can connect the inside and outside of the housing 121 to allow the wire 126 to pass through the housing 121 from the inside.
  • the function of the wire 126 can be to transmit current and pressure signals. The current is transmitted to the detection unit 1232 via the wire 126 to realize the operation of the detection unit 1232, and the signal obtained by the detection unit 1232 can be transmitted to the host computer 13 via the wire 126, for example, to the battery management system for transmission.
  • Using the wire 126 to realize signal transmission of the detection unit 1232 can reduce the risk of the signal of the detection unit 1232 being subject to electromagnetic interference.
  • the wireless communication module can be Bluetooth or WiFi, etc.
  • the detection unit 1232 may also include a wireless communication module, which is used to transmit the signal of the detection unit 1232.
  • the signal transmission of the detection unit 1232 is realized by using the wireless communication module, and there is no need for assembly operations such as wiring and wiring, which can reduce the battery life. The difficulty of assembling the single body 12.
  • the housing 121 includes a shell 1212 and an end cover 1211 , wherein the shell 1212 has an opening and the end cover 1211 closes the opening, wherein the through hole 12111 is disposed on the end cover 1211 .
  • the end cover 1211 may be the top of the housing 121 . When the battery cell 12 is in use, the end cover 1211 may be the portion of the battery cell 12 that is farthest from the ground.
  • the end cover 1211 After the end cover 1211 closes the opening, the end cover 1211 is generally connected to the housing 1212 by welding or other methods.
  • the wire 126 is led out through the through hole 12111 on the end cover 1211.
  • the risk of the wire 126 being soaked in the electrolyte and causing corrosion can be reduced; on the other hand, when a plurality of battery cells 12 are grouped to form the battery 100, the wire 126 is led out through the end cover 1211.
  • the end cover 1211 is the component of the outer shell 121 farthest from the ground. Therefore, setting the through hole 12111 on the end cover 1211 can reduce the risk of the electrolyte leaking from the area between the end cover 1211 and the wire 126.
  • the battery cell 12 further includes a seal 127, which is disposed in the through hole 12111 to fill the gap between the wire 126 and the through hole 12111.
  • a seal 127 is disposed in the through hole 12111 to fill the gap between the wire 126 and the through hole 12111.
  • the seal 127 is a component disposed between the wire 126 and the through hole 12111, and its function is to fill the gap between the wire 126 and the through hole 12111 to reduce the risk of electrolyte leakage.
  • the seal 127 can be a sealant, and the sealant is applied between the through hole 12111 and the wire 126. After the sealant is cured, a good seal is achieved between the wire 126 and the through hole 12111.
  • a step portion or a groove can be provided on the hole wall of the through hole 12111 to accommodate the seal 127.
  • the sealant 127 By filling the gap between the wire 126 and the through hole 12111 with the sealant 127 , the risk of the electrolyte in the battery cell 12 leaking from the gap between the wire 126 and the through hole 12111 can be effectively reduced.
  • the present application provides a battery 100, comprising the battery cell 12 described in any of the above schemes.
  • the present application provides an electrical device, including the battery 100 described in any of the above schemes, and the battery 100 is used to provide electrical energy.
  • the present application provides a protective film 123 for wrapping the electrode assembly 122.
  • the protective film 123 includes a film body 1231 and a detection unit 1232.
  • the detection unit 1232 is formed on the film body 1231.
  • the detection unit 1232 is used to detect information related to the electrode assembly 122.
  • a recess is provided on the film body 1231, and at least a part of the detection unit 1232 is accommodated in the recess.
  • the detection unit 1232 includes a circuit 12322 and an insulating layer 12323.
  • the circuit 12322 is located between the insulating layer 12323 and the film body 1231.
  • the circuit 12322 is formed on the film body 1231 by spraying, screen printing or 3D printing, and the insulating layer 12323 is formed on the film body 1231 by spraying, screen printing or 3D printing.
  • the detection unit 1232 is a sheet structure. The number of detection units 1232 is multiple, and the multiple detection units 1232 are arranged at intervals. The plurality of detection units 1232 include a pressure detection unit, a strain detection unit, an air pressure detection unit, and a temperature detection unit.
  • the production process of the protective film 123 is to process a film body 1231 with a recess, use the film body 1231 as the base 12321 of the detection unit 1232, and form the circuit 12322 in the recess by spraying, screen printing or 3D printing. Then, form the insulating layer 12323 on the film body 1231 by spraying, screen printing or 3D printing.
  • the film body 1231 covers the recess to form a protective film 123.
  • the present application provides a battery cell 12, the battery cell 12 includes a shell 121, an electrode assembly 122 and a protective film 123, the electrode assembly 122 is arranged in the shell 121, and the protective film 123 is arranged in the shell 121 and wraps the electrode assembly 122.
  • the electrode assembly 122 is flat, and the outer peripheral surface of the electrode assembly 122 includes two first surfaces 1221 arranged oppositely along the thickness direction of the electrode assembly 122, two second surfaces 1222 arranged oppositely along the width direction of the electrode assembly 122, and a bending surface 1223 connecting the first surface 1221 and the second surface 1222.
  • the protective film 123 includes a first area 12311 covering the first surface 1221, a second area 12312 covering the bending surface 1223, and a third area 12313 covering the second surface 1222, and a detection unit 1232 is arranged on the first area 12311.
  • the housing 121 includes a shell 1212 and an end cap 1211.
  • the shell 1212 has an opening, and the end cap 1211 closes the opening.
  • a through hole 12111 is provided on the end cap 1211.
  • the battery cell 12 also includes a wire 126.
  • One end of the wire 126 is connected to the detection unit 1232.
  • the other end of the wire 126 passes through the housing 121 through the through hole 12111.
  • the wire 126 is used to transmit the signal of the detection unit 1232.
  • the body 12 further includes a sealing member 127 , which is disposed in the through hole 12111 to fill a gap between the conductive line 126 and the through hole 12111 .
  • the size of the bottom area 12314 of the protective film 123 is 141 ⁇ 50mm
  • the area of the first area 12311 is 131 ⁇ 95mm
  • the area of the second area 12312 is 15 ⁇ 95mm
  • the area of the third area 12313 is 42 ⁇ 95mm
  • the substrate area 12315 is 30 ⁇ 95mm.
  • the protective film 123 includes a film body 1231 and a detection unit 1232.
  • the detection unit 1232 is formed on the film body 1231.
  • the detection unit 1232 is used to detect information related to the electrode assembly 122.
  • a recess is provided on the film body 1231, and at least a portion of the detection unit 1232 is accommodated in the recess.
  • the detection unit 1232 includes a circuit 12322 and an insulating layer 12323, and the circuit 12322 is located between the insulating layer 12323 and the film body 1231.
  • the circuit 12322 is formed on the film body 1231 by spraying, screen printing or 3D printing, and the insulating layer 12323 is formed on the film body 1231 by spraying, screen printing or 3D printing.
  • the detection unit 1232 is a sheet structure. There are multiple detection units 1232, and multiple detection units 1232 are arranged at intervals.
  • the plurality of detection units 1232 include a pressure detection unit, a strain detection unit, an air pressure detection unit, and a temperature detection unit.
  • the assembly process of the battery cell 12 is roughly as follows: the protective film 123 formed with the detection unit 1232 is wrapped on the surface of the electrode assembly 122, the wire 126 is first led out from the through hole 12111 of the end cover 1211, and then the electrode assembly 122 wrapped by the protective film 123 is installed in the shell 1212, and finally the end cover 1211 is closed with the shell 1212 and fixed by welding and sealant is filled between the through hole 12111 and the wire 126.
  • the battery cell 12 After the battery cell 12 is assembled, it can be connected to the battery management system through the wire 126 to realize real-time collection of data on the large-surface expansion force, stress, temperature of the electrode assembly 122 and the internal air pressure of the battery cell 12 after the electrode assembly 122 produces gas.
  • the battery management system processes and analyzes the collected data and issues early warnings for risks such as local overpressure, abnormal temperature, abnormal stress, and abnormal air pressure.

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Abstract

一种保护膜、含该保护膜的电池单体、电池及用电设备。保护膜用于包裹电极组件，保护膜包括膜本体和检测单元，检测单元成型于膜本体，检测单元用于检测电极组件相关的信息。检测单元成型于膜本体，使检测单元和膜本体共同占用电池单体内部的空间减少，有利于提高电池单体的群裕度，进而提高电池的能量密度。

Description

保护膜、电池单体、电池及用电设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2023年07月17日提交的名称为“保护膜、电池单体、电池及用电设备”的中国专利申请202321866336.7的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体涉及一种保护膜、电池单体、电池及用电设备。
背景技术
电池广泛用于电子设备，例如电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机和电动轮船等等。
如何提高电池的能量密度，是电池技术中一个亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请提供一种保护膜、电池单体、电池及用电设备，能够提高电池的安全性。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种保护膜，用于包裹电极组件，保护膜包括膜本体和检测单元，检测单元成型于膜本体，检测单元用于检测电极组件相关的信息。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，检测单元成型于膜本体，使检测单元和膜本体共同占用电池单体内部的空间减少，有利于提高电池单体的群裕度，进而提高电池的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，膜本体上设置有凹部，检测单元的至少一部分收容于凹部。这样的设计，使检测单元的至少一部分位于模本体的内部，进一步提高了电池单体的群裕度。
在一些实施例中，检测单元通过喷涂、丝网印刷或3D打印的方式成型于膜本体上。这样的设计，使膜本体生产的同时即可完成检测单元的装配，提高了装配效率。
在一些实施例中，检测单元包括电路和绝缘层，电路位于绝缘层和膜本体之间。这样的设计，使膜本体为检测单元的一部分，减少了检测单元和膜本体共同占用电池单体内部的空间，提高了电池单体内部的群裕度。
在一些实施例中，电路通过喷涂、丝网印刷或3D打印的方式成型于膜本体上，绝缘层通过喷涂、丝网印刷或3D打印的方式成型于膜本体上。检测单元采用上述成型方式，使保护膜加工完成后，电路不会凸出于膜本体，降低了由于电路凸出于膜本体，导致电极组件单点过压的风险。
在一些实施例中，检测单元为片状结构。这样的设计，一方面，片状的检测单元与电极组件的贴合度高，使检测单元的检测精度提高。另一方面，使保护膜的表面平整度较高，降低电极组件单点过压的风险。
在一些实施例中，检测单元的数量为多个，多个检测单元间隔设置。这样的设计，获取的电极组件的相关信息的样本更多，进而得到的电极组件的相关信息更为精确。
在一些实施例中，多个检测单元包括压力检测单元、应变检测单元、气压检测单元和温度检测单元中的至少一种。这样的设计，可以实时采集电极组件的多种信息，对电极组件的监控更加全面。
在一些实施例中，检测单元的单位面积检测点位数量为A，满足：A≥4点/cm2。将多个检测单元的密度设计在合理范围内，降低因单位面积检测点位数量小于4点/cm2，导致电池单体出现异常后检测单元无法及时捕捉到异常信息的风险。
在一些实施例中，检测单元包括压力检测单元，压力检测单元的检测范围为P1，满足：0＜P1≤10MPa，检测精度不小于10kPa。在一些实施例中，电池单体处于正常工作状态下，其内部膨胀力一般为10Mpa，为此将压力检测单元的压力检测范围P1设定为0至10MPa之间以符合实际工况，节省因选用过大压力检测范围的压力检测单元而造成的额外成本。同时，为使检测结果具有一定的参考价值，该压力检测单元的检测精度可以被设定为不小于10kPa。
在一些实施例中，检测单元包括温度检测单元，温度检测单元的检测范围为P2，满足：- 40℃≤P2≤400℃，检测精度不小于0.1℃。在一些实施例中，电池单体处于正常工作状态下，其内部的温度一般在-40℃至400℃之间，为此将温度检测单元的温度检测范围P2设定为-40℃至400℃之间以符合实际工况，节省因选用过宽温度检测范围的温度检测单元而造成的额外成本。同时，为使检测结果具有一定的参考价值，该温度检测单元的检测精度可以被设定为不小于0.1℃。
在一些实施例中，检测单元包括应变检测单元，应变检测单元的检测范围为P3，满足：0＜P3≤20％，检测精度不小于1％。在一些实施例中，电池单体处于正常工作状态下，电极组件的应力一般在0至20％之间，为此将应变检测单元的应变检测范围P3设定为0至20％之间以符合实际工况，节省因选用过宽应变检测范围的应变检测单元而造成的额外成本。同时，为使检测结果具有一定的参考价值，该应变检测单元的检测精度可以被设定为不小于1％。
在一些实施例中，检测单元包括气压检测单元，气压检测单元的检测范围为P4，满足：0＜P4≤4MPa，检测精度不小于10kPa。在一些实施例中，电池单体处于正常工作状态下，电极组件产气使电池单体内部的压力一般位于0至4MPa之间，为此将气压检测单元的气压检测范围P4设定为0至4MPa之间以符合实际工况，节省因选用过宽气压检测范围的气压检测单元而造成的额外成本。同时，为使检测结果具有一定的参考价值，该气压检测单元的检测精度可以被设定为不小于10kPa。
在一些实施例中，保护膜的最大厚度为T，满足：T≤200μm。一些实施例中，电极组件与电池单体的外壳的壁部之间的最小距离一般为200μm,将保护膜的最大厚度设计在合理范围内，使保护膜包覆于电极组件后入壳更加方便，降低电极组件包覆保护膜后入壳时被外壳的壁部刮蹭而损伤导致电极组件与外壳之间绝缘失效的风险。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种电池单体，其包括外壳、电极组件和上述实施例中的保护膜，电极组件设置于外壳内，保护膜设置于外壳内且包裹电极组件。
在一些实施例中，电极组件呈扁平状，电极组件的外周面包括沿电极组件的厚度方向相对设置的两个第一表面、沿电极组件的宽度方向相对设置的两个第二表面以及连接第一表面和第二表面的弯折面。保护膜包括覆盖第一表面的第一区域，第一区域设置有检测单元，和/或，保护膜还包括覆盖弯折面的第二区域，第二区域设置有检测单元，和/或，保护膜还包括覆盖第二表面的第三区域，第三区域设置有检测单元。检测单元可以设置于保护膜的不同区域，可针对不同区域的电极组件的信息进行比较和分析，有利于在电池单体特定区域出现异常时发出针对性较高的预警信息。
在一些实施例中，外壳的壁部设置有通孔，电池单体还包括导线，导线的一端连接检测单元，导线的另一端由通孔穿出外壳，导线用于检测单元的信号的传输。利用导线实现检测单元的信号传输可降低检测单元的信号受到电磁干扰的风险。检测单元也可以包括无线通讯模块，无线通讯模块用于检测单元的信号的传输。利用无线通讯模块实现检测单元的信号传输，无需理线、接线等装配操作，可降低电池单体的装配难度。
在一些实施例中，外壳包括壳体和端盖，壳体具有开口，端盖封闭开口。其中，通孔设置于端盖。导线由端盖上的通孔引出，一方面，较导线由外壳的侧壁引出的方案而言，能够降低电解液浸泡导线致使导线腐蚀的风险；另一方面，当多个电池单体成组构成电池时，导线由端盖引出，较导线由外壳的侧壁引出的方案而言，能够降低因相邻电池单体相互挤压导致导线被挤压力破坏的风险；再一方面，一般地，端盖为外壳最远离地面的部件，为此，将通孔设置在端盖，可降低电解液由端盖和导线之间的部位泄漏的风险。
在一些实施例中，电池单体还包括密封件，密封件设置于通孔，以填充导线和通孔之间的间隙。
通过在导线和通孔之间的间隙填充密封件，能够有效的降低电池单体内的电解液由导线和通孔之间的间隙泄漏的风险。
第三方面，本申请提供了一种电池，其包括上述实施例中的电池单体。
第四方面，本申请提供了一种用电设备，其包括上述实施例中的电池，电池用于提供电能。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
通过阅读对下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本申请的限制。而且在全部附图中，用相同的附图标号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1为本申请一些实施例的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例的电池的爆炸图；
图3为本申请一些实施例的电池单体的结构示意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例的保护膜的展开图；
图5为本申请一些实施例的保护膜的剖视图；
图6为本申请又一些实施例的电池单体的部分结构的爆炸图；
图7为本申请又一些实施例的保护膜的展开图；
图8为本申请一些实施例的顶盖的俯视图；
图9为本申请一些实施例的电池的部分结构示意图。
具体实施方式中的附图标号如下：
1000-车辆；200-控制器；300-马达；100-电池；11-箱体；111-第一部分；112-第二部分；
12-电池单体；121-外壳；1211-端盖；12111-通孔；1212-壳体；122-电极组件；1221-第一表面；1222-第二表面；1223-弯折面；123-保护膜；1231-膜本体；12311-第一区域；12312-第二区域；12313-第三区域；12314-底部区域；12315-衬底区域；1232-检测单元；12321-基底；12322-电路；123221-敏感层；123222-电极；12323-绝缘层；124-转接片；125-电极端子；126-导线；127-密封件；13-上位机。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括但不限于锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等。电池单体的形状可以包括但不限于圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。电池单体按照封装的方式可以包括但不限于柱形电池单体、方体方形电池单体和软包电池单体。
在一些诸如电动车辆等的大功率应用场合，电池的应用包括三个层次：电池单体、电池模块和电池。电池模块是为了从外部冲击、热、振动等中保护电池单体，将一定数目的电池单体电连接在一起并放入一个框架中而形成的。电池则指的是装入电动车辆的电池系统的最终状态。本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以降低液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电的风险。
下文中将主要围绕长方体电池单体来展开。应当理解的是，下文中所描述的实施例在某些方面对于柱形电池单体或软包电池单体而言也是适用的。
在通常的电池单体结构中，电池单体包括外壳部件、电极组件和电解液。外壳部件可以为端盖，也可以为壳体，端盖封闭壳体的开口，以限定出用于容纳电极组件的容纳空间。
电极组件被容纳在容纳空间，电极组件包括正极片、负极片和隔离膜。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极片和负极片之间移动来工作。正极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。此外，电极组件的成型方式可以包括但不限于卷绕式或叠片式等。
在电极组件入壳时，为了降低电极组件被壳体刮伤的风险，以及绝缘电极组件和壳体的壁部，电极组件的外表面一般包覆有绝缘膜。绝缘膜一般质地较软且具有较好的柔韧性。一个绝缘膜可以包覆一个或者多个电极组件。示例性的，当容纳空间内收容多个电极组件时，一个绝缘膜可包覆多个电极组件。
极耳一般通过与导电件电连接的方式将电极组件的电能引出，在一些情况下，导电件为连接极耳和电极端子的转接片，在一些其他情况下，导电件为电极端子。
电极端子一般包括正电极端子和负电极端子。对长方体电池单体而言，电极端子一般设置在端盖部分。在一些其他情况下，电极端子也可以设置在壳体部分。多个电池单体经由电极端子而被串联和/或并联在一起以应用于各种应用场合。
电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，可靠性、循环寿命、放电容量、充放电倍率等性能参数，另外，还需要考虑电池的能量密度。
电极端子一般包括正电极端子和负电极端子。对长方体电池单体而言，电极端子一般设置在端盖部分。多个电池单体经由电极端子而被串联和/或并联在一起以应用于各种应用场合。
电池单体使用时可能会发生短路、过充等现象时，出现上述现象可能会导致电池单体内部发生热失控从而压力或温度骤升，进而有一定可能会使电池单体爆炸、起火。为了在电池单体出现上述现象时及时发出预警，一般会在电池单体的内部或外部设置检测单元，检测单元用于检测电极组件相关的信息，例如，用于检测电极组件的压力、应力、温度、电极组件产气的气压等。检测单元得到的信号一般会通过导线引出电池单体并输送至上位机，例如，电池的电池管理系统等。电池管理系统对接收的信号与预先设定的标准值进行对比和判断，若电池单体有发生热失控的风险或者电池单体内部的温度、压力、应力或电极组件产气的气压等出现异常，电池管理系统会做出对应的措施，例如，发出热失控预警等。在一些情况下，为了提高检测单元的检测精度，会将检测单元设置于电池单体的壳体内部，例如，将检测单元附接于壳体的内壁。由于检测单元会占用电池单体的内部空间，降低了电池单体的群裕度，以使电池的能量密度降低，降低了电池的性能。
鉴于此，本申请提供了一种保护膜，用于包裹电极组件，保护膜包括膜本体和检测单元， 检测单元成型于膜本体，检测单元用于检测电极组件相关的信息。检测单元成型于膜本体，使检测单元和膜本体共同占用电池单体内部的空间减少，有利于提高电池单体的群裕度，进而提高电池的能量密度。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池单体、电池以及使用电池的用电设备。
用电设备包括但不限于：电瓶车、电动车辆、轮船和航天器等等，例如，航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以本申请一实施例的一种用电设备为车辆1000为例进行说明。
例如，图1为本申请一些实施例的车辆1000的结构示意图，车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部可以设置马达300，控制器200以及电池100，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达的供电。例如，在车辆1000的底部或车头或车尾可以设置电池100。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，用于车辆1000的电路12322系统，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和运行时的工作用电需求。在本申请的另一实施例中，电池100不仅仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，替代或部分地替代燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
为了满足不同的使用电力需求，电池100可以包括多个电池单体12，其中，多个电池单体12之间可以串联或并联或混联，混联是指串联和并联的混合。电池100也可以称为电池包。可选地，多个电池单体12可以先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联组成电池100。也就是说，多个电池单体12可以直接组成电池100，也可以先组成电池模块，电池模块再组成电池100。
例如，请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例的电池100的爆炸图，电池100可以包括多个电池单体12。电池100还可以包括箱体11，箱体11内部为中空结构，多个电池单体12容纳于箱体11内。如图2所示，这里分别称为第一部分111和第二部分112，第一部分111和第二部分112扣合在一起。第一部分111和第二部分112的形状可以根据多个电池单体12组合的形状而定，第一部分111和第二部分112可以均具有一个开口。例如，第一部分111和第二部分112均可以为中空长方体且各自只有一个面为开口面，第一部分111的开口和第二部分112的开口相对设置，并且第一部分111和第二部分112相互扣合形成具有封闭腔室的箱体11。多个电池单体12相互并联或串联或混联组合后置于第一部分111和第二部分112扣合后形成的箱体11内。
可选地，电池100还可以包括其他结构，在此不再一一赘述。例如，电池100还可以包括汇流部件，汇流部件用于实现多个电池单体12之间电连接，例如并联或串联或混联。具体地，汇流部件可通过连接电池单体12的电极端子125实现电池单体12之间的电连接。进一步地，汇流部件可通过焊接固定于电池单体12的电极端子125。
根据不同的电力需求，电池单体12的数量可以设置为任意数值。多个电池单体12可通过串联、并联或混联的方式连接以实现较大的容量或功率。由于每个电池100中包括的电池单体12的数量可能较多，为了便于安装，可以将电池单体12分组设置，每组电池单体12组成电池模块。电池模块中包括的电池单体12的数量不限，可以根据需求设置。电池100可以包括多个电池模块，这些电池模块可通过串联、并联或混联的方式进行连接。
请参照图3，图3为本申请一些实施例的电池单体12的爆炸图，电池单体12包括一个或多个电极组件122和外壳121。外壳121可以包括壳体1212，壳体1212的多个壁部即外壳121的多个壁部围成一个腔体，此腔体可以用于容纳电极组件122。壳体1212根据一个或多个电极组件122组合后的形状而定，例如，壳体1212可以为中空的长方体或正方体或正多面体，且壳体1212的其中一个面具有开口以便一个或多个电极组件122可以放置于壳体1212内。壳体1212内填充有电解质，例如电解液。
该电池单体12还可以包括两个电极端子125，两个电极端子125可以设置在端盖1211上。端盖1211通常是平板形状，两个电极端子125固定在端盖1211的平板面上，两个电极端子125分别为正电极端子和负电极端子。每个电极端子125各对应设置一个转接片124，其位于端盖1211与电极组件122之间，用于将电极组件122和电极端子125实现电连接。在该电池单体12中，根据实际使用需求，电极组件122可设置为单个，或多个。在一些实施例中，电池单体12还可以包括 绝缘膜，绝缘膜用于包裹电极组件122，一个绝缘膜可以包覆一个或者多个电极组件122。示例性的，当容纳空间内收容多个电极组件122时，一个绝缘膜可包覆多个电极组件122。在一些情况下，绝缘膜也可以称为保护膜123。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图2和图3，本申请提供了一种保护膜123，用于包裹电极组件122，保护膜123包括膜本体1231和检测单元1232，检测单元1232成型于膜本体1231，检测单元1232用于检测电极组件122相关的信息。
检测单元1232一般为薄膜型传感器，一般包括绝缘层12323、电路12322和基底12321，电路12322一般包括敏感层123221和电极123222。敏感层123221是通常是由氧化物微粒或纳米材料制成的粉末状物质。敏感层123221电阻发生变化，可以反应出电极组件122的压力、应力、温度、电极组件122产气的气压等信息。电极123222用于将敏感层123221的电阻变化转化为电信号。电极123222一般会与导线126和上位机13电连接。
检测单元1232成型于膜本体1231意味着在生产膜本体1231的同时将检测单元1232成型于膜本体1231，膜本体1231可作为检测单元1232的绝缘层12323和/或基底12321，同时还可保持保护膜123的厚度基本不发生变化。进而使电池单体12的群裕度提高，群裕度可以理解为电极组件122占电池单体12内部空间的百分比。
检测单元1232可成型于膜本体1231沿其厚度方向的两个表面或膜本体1231内部。
根据检测需求，检测单元1232的形状、尺寸和精度可以调节。
在一些实施例中，检测单元1232可以设置多个，多个检测单元1232分布在电极组件122的整个外周面，多个成型于膜本体1231上的检测单元1232会形成多个检测区域，每个检测区域内均可获取电极组件122多点位的膨胀力，和/或，应力和/或，气压，和/或，温度等传感信号，实现对电极组件122的膨胀力、电极组件122的应力、电池单体12内部的气压以及电极组件122的温度等信号的检测。上述信号可通过导线126等传输至上位机13处理，在电池100测试程中上位机13可以是计算机、处理器等，在电池100使用过程中，上位机13可以是电池100的电池管理系统，电池管理系统处理上述传感信号后可呈现区域化的电极组件122的膨胀力、电极组件122的应力、电池单体12内部的气压以及电极组件122的温度的分布图及相应的具体数值，并针对各个区域的信息进行比较分析，对于信息异常的区域进行针对性预警等操作。
可根据实际需求设置检测区域，电极组件122的外周面一般包括沿其厚度方向相对设置的大面，沿其宽度方向相对设置的侧面，和连接相邻大面和侧面的弯折面1223，检测区域可对应电极组件122的大面,和/或，侧面,和/或，弯折面1223。在一些实施例中，为了提高检测结果的精确度，检测区域的面积一般为待测区域面积的80％。示例性的，待测区域为大面则检测区域为大面面积的80％，待测区域也可为大面的部分，则检测区域为待测的大面的部分面积的80％。
在一些实施例中，检测单元1232可呈片状或薄膜状，其可以由柔性材料制得，可以弯曲可以折叠，具有良好的平整度。
在保护膜123装配时，可先将检测单元1232成型于膜本体1231后，再将保护膜123包裹于电极组件122的外周面，最后将保护膜123包裹电极组件122后重叠的部分热熔连接完成保护膜123的装配。在将包裹有保护膜123的电极组件122装入电池单体12的外壳121时，可先将用于传输检测单元1232信号的导线126从电池100的外壳121引出后再通过焊接等方式封闭外壳121的用于收容电极组件122的容纳空间。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，检测单元1232成型于膜本体1231，使检测单元1232和膜本体1231共同占用电池单体12内部的空间减少，有利于提高电池单体12的群裕度，进而提高电池100的能量密度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图5，膜本体1231上设置有凹部，检测单元1232的至少一部分收容于凹部。
膜本体1231上的凹部可由加工膜本体1231的设备在成型膜本体1231的过程中自然形成。在一些实施例中，以膜本体1231通过3D打印成型为例进行说明，可通过设计3D打印机的喷嘴的路径使在形成膜本体1231的过程中形成凹部。在按照设计要求形成凹部后，可改变喷嘴喷涂的原料，将电路12322喷涂至凹部内。之后，再喷涂一层绝缘层12323即可将检测单元1232成型于膜本体1231。
在一些实施例中，成型检测单元1232的膜本体1231厚度也可与原始设计的膜本体1231厚度保持一致。
这样的设计，使检测单元1232的至少一部分位于模本体的内部，进一步提高了电池单体12的群裕度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，检测单元1232通过喷涂、丝网印刷或3D打印的方式成型于膜本体1231上。
喷涂可称为粉末喷涂工艺，利用粉末喷涂设备可将不同原料喷涂至承载台上，在粉末凝固成型后形成层状结构，例如形成检测单元1232的绝缘层12323、电路12322、基底12321等。
丝网印刷工艺可将电路12322印刷至基底12321上，在印刷完成后进行加热固化即可将电路12322成型于膜本体1231，之后将绝缘层12323附接于基底12321上，通过热压等工艺将绝缘层12323、电路12322和基底12321形成一体式结构。膜本体1231可作为基底12321和/或绝缘层12323。在膜本体1231作为基底12321和绝缘层12323的实施例中，基底12321、绝缘层12323、电路12322可作为三层结构，通过热压工艺形成保护膜123，保护膜123的厚度可与通过常规方法制得的保护膜123的厚度基本保持一致。
可先利用3D打印设备打印基底12321，接着更换粉料在基底12321上打印电路12322，最后再更换粉料在电路12322和基底12321上覆盖一层绝缘层12323即可将检测单元1232成型于膜本体1231上。
检测单元1232通过喷涂、丝网印刷或3D打印的方式成型于膜本体1231上。这样的设计，使膜本体1231生产的同时即可完成检测单元1232的装配，提高了装配效率。
根据本申请的一些实施例，检测单元1232包括电路12322和绝缘层12323，电路12322位于绝缘层12323和膜本体1231之间。
电路12322位于绝缘层12323和膜本体1231之间，意味着，检测单元1232的无需基底12321仅需包括电路12322和绝缘层12323，其总厚度降低。或者可以理解为膜本体1231作为了检测单元1232的基底12321，也即膜本体1231为检测单元1232的一部分。
检测单元1232包括电路12322和绝缘层12323，电路12322位于绝缘层12323和膜本体1231之间，使膜本体1231为检测单元1232的一部分，减少了检测单元1232和膜本体1231共同占用电池单体12内部的空间，提高了电池单体12内部的群裕度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，电路12322通过喷涂、丝网印刷或3D打印的方式成型于膜本体1231上，绝缘层12323通过喷涂、丝网印刷或3D打印的方式成型于膜本体1231上。
绝缘层12323通过喷涂、丝网印刷或3D打印的方式成型于膜本体1231上，意味着在一些实施例中，绝缘层12323可完全覆盖膜本体1231，电路12322位于绝缘层12323和膜本体1231之间，相邻电路12322之间的空隙可通过上述工艺填充形成绝缘层12323的粉料，进而使电路12322不会凸出于膜本体1231，同时保护膜123存在应力集中的点位数量也会降低，降低电极组件122单点过压的风险。
检测单元1232采用上述成型方式，使保护膜123加工完成后，电路12322不会凸出于膜本体1231，降低了电极组件122表面出现单点过压的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，检测单元1232为片状结构。
片状结构的检测单元1232一般具有较高的平整度，其与电极组件122的贴合度较高。
这样的设计，一方面，片状的检测单元1232与电极组件122的贴合度高，使检测单元1232的检测精度提高。另一方面，使保护膜123的表面平整度较高，降低电极组件122单点过压的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图4，检测单元1232的数量为多个，多个检测单元1232间隔设置。
检测单元1232可呈阵列式分布，也可随机分布。
这样的设计，获取的电极组件122的相关信息的样本更多，进而得到的电极组件122的相关信息更为精确。
根据本申请的一些实施例，多个检测单元1232包括压力检测单元、应变检测单元、气压检测单元和温度检测单元中的至少一种。
保护膜123可以集成压力检测单元，和/或，应变检测单元，和/或，气压检测单元，和/或，温度检测单元。
压力检测单元包括压阻式、压电式、电容式等可以做成片状结构的压力传感器的其中的一种或多种。
应变检测单元包括电阻应变片、半导体应变片、合金式、电容式等可以做成片状结构的应变传感器的其中的一种或多种。
气压检测单元包括压阻式、压电式、电容式、压变式、光电式、压感式等可以做成片状结构的气压传感器的其中的一种或多种。
温度检测单元包括电阻式、电容式、等可以做成片状结构的气压传感器的其中的一种或多种。
这样的设计，可以实时采集电极组件122的多种信息，对电极组件122的监控更加全面。
根据本申请的一些实施例，检测单元1232的单位面积检测点位数量为A，满足：A≥4点/cm2。
A的取值可以为每平方厘米4点、5点、6点、7点、8点、9点、10点、11点、12点、13点、14点、15点、16点、17点、18点、19点、20点等。
将多个检测单元1232的密度设计在合理范围内，可提高单位面积内检测点位的数量，以使电池单体12出现异常后检测单元1232可及时捕捉到异常信息。
根据本申请的一些实施例，检测单元1232包括压力检测单元，压力检测单元的检测范围为P1，满足：0＜P1≤10MPa，检测精度不小于10kPa。
压力检测单元的压力检测范围为P1，P1可以取值1MPa、2MPa、3MPa、4MPa、5MPa、6MPa、7MPa、8MPa、9MPa或10Mpa中的任一值，同时，该压力检测单元的检测精度可以不小于10kPa。
在一些实施例中，电池单体12处于正常工作状态下，其内部膨胀力一般为10Mpa，为此将压力检测单元的压力检测范围P1设定为0至10MPa之间以符合实际工况，节省因选用过大压力检测范围的压力检测单元而造成的额外成本。同时，为使检测结果具有一定的参考价值，该压力检测单元的检测精度可以被设定为不小于10kPa。
根据本申请的一些实施例，检测单元1232包括温度检测单元，温度检测单元的检测范围为P2，满足：-40℃≤P2≤400℃，检测精度不小于0.1℃。
温度检测单元的温度检测范围为P2，P2可以取值-40℃至400℃之间的任一值，P2可以为-40℃、-30℃、-20℃、-10℃、0℃、10℃、20℃、30℃、40℃、50℃、60℃、70℃、80℃、90℃、100℃、110℃、120℃、130℃、140℃、150℃、160℃、170℃、180℃、190℃、200℃、210℃、220℃、230℃、240℃、250℃、260℃、270℃、280℃、290℃、300℃、310℃、320℃、330℃、340℃、350℃、360℃、370℃、380℃、390℃、400℃。同时，该温度检测单元的检测精度可以不小于0.1℃。
在一些实施例中，电池单体12处于正常工作状态下，其内部的温度一般在-40℃至400℃之间，为此将温度检测单元的温度检测范围P2设定为-40℃至400℃之间以符合实际工况，节省因选用过宽温度检测范围的温度检测单元而造成的额外成本。同时，为使检测结果具有一定的参考价值，该温度检测单元的检测精度可以被设定为不小于0.1℃。
根据本申请的一些实施例，检测单元1232包括应变检测单元，应变检测单元的检测范围为P3，满足：0＜P3≤20％，检测精度不小于1％。
应变检测单元的检测范围可以取大于0且小于等于20％之间的任一值，P3可以为1％、2％、3％、4％、5％、6％、7％、8％、9％、10％、11％、12％、13％、14％、15％、16％、17％、18％、19％、20％。应变检测单元的检测精度可以不小于1％。
在一些实施例中，电池单体12处于正常工作状态下，电极组件122的应力一般在0至20％之间，为此将应变检测单元的应变检测范围P3设定为0至20％之间以符合实际工况，节省因选 用过宽应变检测范围的应变检测单元而造成的额外成本。同时，为使检测结果具有一定的参考价值，该应变检测单元的检测精度可以被设定为不小于1％。
根据本申请的一些实施例，检测单元1232包括气压检测单元，气压检测单元的检测范围为P4，满足：0＜P4≤4MPa，检测精度不小于10kPa。
气压检测单元的检测范围可以取大于0小于等于4MPa之间的任一值，P4可以为0.2MPa、0.4MPa、0.6MPa、0.8MPa、1MPa、1.2MPa、1.4MPa、1.6MPa、1.8MPa、2MPa、2.2MPa、2.4MPa、2.6MPa、2.8MPa、3MPa、3.2MPa、3.4MPa、3.6MPa、3.8MPa、4MPa。气压检测单元的检测精度可以不小于10kPa。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图5，保护膜123的最大厚度为T，满足：T≤200μm。
保护膜123的最大厚度T可以取大于0小于等于200μm之间的任一值，T可以为10μm、20μm、30μm、40μm、50μm、60μm、70μm、80μm、90μm、100μm、110μm、120μm、130μm、140μm、150μm、160μm、170μm、180μm、190μm、200μm。
一些实施例中，电极组件122与电池单体12的外壳121的壁部之间的最小距离一般为200μm,将保护膜123的最大厚度设计在合理范围内，使保护膜123包覆于电极组件122后入壳更加方便，降低电极组件122包覆保护膜123后入壳时被外壳121的壁部刮蹭而损伤导致电极组件122与外壳121之间绝缘失效的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请提供了一种电池单体12，包括外壳121、电极组件122和以上任一方案所述的保护膜123，电极组件122设置于外壳121内，保护膜123设置于外壳121内且包裹电极组件122。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图6和图7，电极组件122呈扁平状，电极组件122的外周面包括沿电极组件122的厚度方向相对设置的两个第一表面1221、沿电极组件122的宽度方向相对设置的两个第二表面1222以及连接第一表面1221和第二表面1222的弯折面1223。保护膜123包括覆盖第一表面1221的第一区域12311，第一区域12311设置有检测单元1232，和/或，保护膜123还包括覆盖弯折面1223的第二区域12312，第二区域12312设置有检测单元1232，和/或，保护膜123还包括覆盖第二表面1222的第三区域12313，第三区域12313设置有检测单元1232。
请参照图7，膜本体1231展开后一般包括底部区域12314，底部区域12314的相对两侧连接第一区域12311，其中一个第一区域12311的相对两侧连接衬底区域12315，另一个第一区域12311的相对两侧连接第二区域12312，第二区域12312远离与其连接的底部区域12314一侧连接第三区域12313。在保护膜123包覆电极组件122后电极组件122的底部被底部区域12314覆盖，第三区域12313与衬底区域12315部分重叠，第三区域12313一般在衬底区域12315外部。第三区域12313通过热熔的方式与衬底区域12315连接，热熔一般采用点-点连接的方式。在一些实施例中，在第三区域12313的边缘可通过聚酰胺胶带粘接于衬底区域12315。
检测单元1232可以设置于保护膜123的不同区域，可针对不同区域的电极组件122的信息进行比较和分析，有利于在电池单体12特定区域出现异常时发出针对性较高的预警信息。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照3、图8和图9，外壳121的壁部设置有通孔12111，电池单体12还包括导线126，导线126的一端连接检测单元1232，导线126的另一端由通孔12111穿出外壳121，导线126用于检测单元1232的信号的传输。
外壳121的壁部可以是壳体1212的壁部也可以是端盖1211。
通孔12111为设置于外壳121的壁部的孔结构，其能够连通外壳121的内部和外部，以允许导线126由外壳121的内部穿出于外壳121。导线126的作用可以为传输电流和压力信号。电流经导线126传输至检测单元1232以实现检测单元1232的工作，检测单元1232获取的信号可以经导线126输送至上位机13，例如输送至电池管理系统传输。
利用导线126实现检测单元1232的信号传输可降低检测单元1232的信号受到电磁干扰的风险。
无线通讯模块可以为蓝牙或WiFi等。
检测单元1232也可以包括无线通讯模块，无线通讯模块用于检测单元1232的信号的传输。利用无线通讯模块实现检测单元1232的信号传输，无需理线、接线等装配操作，可降低电池 单体12的装配难度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图3、图8和图9，外壳121包括壳体1212和端盖1211，壳体1212具有开口，端盖1211封闭开口。其中，通孔12111设置于端盖1211。
端盖1211可以为外壳121的顶端，在电池单体12使用时，端盖1211可以为电池单体12最远离地面的部位。
端盖1211封闭开口后一般会通过焊接等方式将端盖1211连接于壳体1212。
导线126由端盖1211上的通孔12111引出，一方面，较导线126由外壳121的侧壁引出的方案而言，能够降低电解液浸泡导线126致使导线126腐蚀的风险；另一方面，当多个电池单体12成组构成电池100时，导线126由端盖1211引出，较导线126由外壳121的侧壁引出的方案而言，能够降低因相邻电池单体12相互挤压导致导线126被挤压力破坏的风险；再一方面，一般地，端盖1211为外壳121最远离地面的部件，为此，将通孔12111设置在端盖1211，可降低电解液由端盖1211和导线126之间的部位泄漏的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图3、图8和图9，电池单体12还包括密封件127，密封件127设置于通孔12111，以填充导线126和通孔12111之间的间隙。通过在导线126和通孔12111之间的间隙填充密封件127，能够有效的降低电池单体12内的电解液由导线126和通孔12111之间的间隙泄漏的风险。
密封件127为设置在导线126和通孔12111之间的部件，其作用在于填充导线126和通孔12111之间的间隙，以降低电解液泄漏的风险。在一些实施例中，密封件127可以为密封胶，将密封胶涂覆于通孔12111和导线126之间，待密封胶固化后，使得导线126和通孔12111之间具有良好的密封。在另一些实施例中，可在通孔12111的孔壁设置台阶部或凹槽以收容密封件127。
通过在导线126和通孔12111之间的间隙填充密封件127，能够有效的降低电池单体12内的电解液由导线126和通孔12111之间的间隙泄漏的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请提供了一种电池100，包括以上任一方案所述的电池单体12。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请提供了一种用电设备，包括以上任一方案所述的电池100，电池100用于提供电能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图3至图9，本申请提供了一种保护膜123，用于包裹电极组件122，保护膜123包括膜本体1231和检测单元1232，检测单元1232成型于膜本体1231，检测单元1232用于检测电极组件122相关的信息。膜本体1231上设置有凹部，检测单元1232的至少一部分收容于凹部。检测单元1232包括电路12322和绝缘层12323，电路12322位于绝缘层12323和膜本体1231之间。电路12322通过喷涂、丝网印刷或3D打印的方式成型于膜本体1231上，绝缘层12323通过喷涂、丝网印刷或3D打印的方式成型于膜本体1231上。检测单元1232为片状结构。检测单元1232的数量为多个，多个检测单元1232间隔设置。多个检测单元1232包括压力检测单元、应变检测单元、气压检测单元和温度检测单元。
保护膜123的生产流程为，加工出设置有凹部的膜本体1231，以膜本体1231作为检测单元1232的基底12321，通过喷涂、丝网印刷或3D打印的方式将电路12322成型于凹部内，之后通过喷涂、丝网印刷或3D打印的方式将绝缘层12323成型于膜本体1231，膜本体1231覆盖凹部形成保护膜123。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图3至图9，本申请提供了一种电池单体12，电池单体12包括外壳121、电极组件122和保护膜123，电极组件122设置于外壳121内，保护膜123设置于外壳121内且包裹电极组件122。电极组件122呈扁平状，电极组件122的外周面包括沿电极组件122的厚度方向相对设置的两个第一表面1221、沿电极组件122的宽度方向相对设置的两个第二表面1222以及连接第一表面1221和第二表面1222的弯折面1223。保护膜123包括覆盖第一表面1221的第一区域12311、覆盖弯折面1223的第二区域12312和覆盖第二表面1222的第三区域12313，第一区域12311上设置有检测单元1232。
外壳121包括壳体1212和端盖1211，壳体1212具有开口，端盖1211封闭开口。其中，通孔12111设置于端盖1211。电池单体12还包括导线126，导线126的一端连接检测单元1232，导线126的另一端由通孔12111穿出外壳121，导线126用于检测单元1232的信号的传输。电池单 体12还包括密封件127，密封件127设置于通孔12111，以填充导线126和通孔12111之间的间隙。
在保护膜123应用在尺寸为141mm×50mm×95mm(长×宽×高)的电池单体上时，保护膜123底部区域12314的尺寸为141×50mm，第一区域12311的面积为131×95mm，第二区域12312的面积为15×95mm，第三区域12313的面积为42×95mm，衬底区域12315为30×95mm。
保护膜123，保护膜123包括膜本体1231和检测单元1232，检测单元1232成型于膜本体1231，检测单元1232用于检测电极组件122相关的信息。膜本体1231上设置有凹部，检测单元1232的至少一部分收容于凹部。检测单元1232包括电路12322和绝缘层12323，电路12322位于绝缘层12323和膜本体1231之间。电路12322通过喷涂、丝网印刷或3D打印的方式成型于膜本体1231上，绝缘层12323通过喷涂、丝网印刷或3D打印的方式成型于膜本体1231上。检测单元1232为片状结构。检测单元1232的数量为多个，多个检测单元1232间隔设置。多个检测单元1232包括压力检测单元、应变检测单元、气压检测单元和温度检测单元。
电池单体12的装配流程大致如下：将成型有检测单元1232的保护膜123包覆于电极组件122的表面，先将导线126从端盖1211的通孔12111引出，之后将被保护膜123包覆的电极组件122装入壳体1212内，最后将端盖1211封闭壳体1212并通过焊接的方式固定并在通孔12111和导线126之间填充密封胶。
在电池单体12装配完成后可通过导线126与电池管理系统连接，实现对电极组件122大面膨胀力、应力、温度以及电极组件122产气后电池单体12内部气压的数据实时采集，电池管理系统对采集的数据进行处理分析，对具有局部过压、温度异常、应力异常、气压异常等风险提前做出预警。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种保护膜，用于包裹电极组件，其中，包括：
    膜本体；
    检测单元，成型于所述膜本体，用于检测与所述电极组件相关的信息。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的保护膜，其中，所述膜本体上设置有凹部，所述检测单元的至少一部分收容于所述凹部。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的保护膜，其中，所述检测单元通过喷涂、丝网印刷或3D打印的方式成型于所述膜本体上。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的保护膜，其中，所述检测单元包括电路和绝缘层，所述电路位于所述绝缘层和所述膜本体之间。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的保护膜，其中，所述电路通过喷涂、丝网印刷或3D打印的方式成型于所述膜本体上，所述绝缘层通过喷涂、丝网印刷或3D打印的方式成型于所述膜本体上。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的保护膜，其中，所述检测单元为片状结构。
  7. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的保护膜，其中，所述检测单元的数量为多个，多个所述检测单元间隔设置。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的保护膜，其中，多个所述检测单元包括压力检测单元、应变检测单元、气压检测单元和温度检测单元中的至少一种。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的保护膜，其中，所述检测单元的单位面积检测点位数量为A，满足：A≥4点/cm2。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的保护膜，其中，所述检测单元包括压力检测单元，所述压力检测单元的检测范围为P1，满足：0＜P1≤10MPa，检测精度不小于10kPa。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的保护膜，其中，所述检测单元包括温度检测单元，所述温度检测单元的检测范围为P2，满足：-40℃≤P2≤400℃，检测精度不小于0.1℃。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11中任一项所述的保护膜，其中，所述检测单元包括应变检测单元，所述应变检测单元的检测范围为P3，满足：0＜P3≤20％，检测精度不小于1％。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的保护膜，其中，所述检测单元包括气压检测单元，所述气压检测单元的检测范围为P4，满足：0＜P4≤4MPa，检测精度不小于10kPa。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的保护膜，其中，所述保护膜的最大厚度为T，满足：T≤200μm。
  15. 一种电池单体，其中，包括：
    外壳；
    电极组件，设置于所述外壳内；
    如权利要求1-14中任一项所述的保护膜，设置于所述外壳内且包裹所述电极组件。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电池单体，其中，所述电极组件呈扁平状，所述电极组件的外周面包括沿所述电极组件的厚度方向相对设置的两个第一表面、沿所述电极组件的宽度方向相对设置的两个第二表面以及连接所述第一表面和所述第二表面的弯折面；
    所述保护膜包括覆盖所述第一表面的第一区域，所述第一区域设置有所述检测单元；
    和/或，所述保护膜还包括覆盖所述弯折面的第二区域，所述第二区域设置有所述检测单元；
    和/或，所述保护膜还包括覆盖所述第二表面的第三区域，所述第三区域设置有所述检测单元。
  17. 根据权利要求15-16中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳的壁部设置有通孔，所述电池单体还包括导线，所述导线的一端连接所述检测单元，所述导线的另一端由所述通孔穿出所述外壳，所述导线用于所述检测单元的信号的传输；
    或者，所述检测单元包括无线通讯模块，所述无线通讯模块用于所述检测单元的信号的传输。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳包括壳体和端盖，所述壳体具有开口，所述端盖封闭所述开口；
    其中，所述通孔设置于所述端盖。
  19. 根据权利要求17或18所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体还包括密封件，所述密封件设置于所述通孔，以填充所述导线和所述通孔之间的间隙。
  20. 一种电池，其中，包括如权利要求15-19中任一项所述的电池单体。
  21. 一种用电设备，其中，所述用电设备包括如权利要求20所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
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CN218919088U (zh) * 2022-09-29 2023-04-25 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池单体的端盖组件、电池单体、电池以及用电装置
CN218548746U (zh) * 2022-12-05 2023-02-28 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池单体、电池及用电装置
CN115954570A (zh) * 2023-03-09 2023-04-11 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池单体、电池和用电设备
CN116315208A (zh) * 2023-05-25 2023-06-23 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 检测模块、电池单体、管理系统及方法、电池及用电装置
CN219873678U (zh) * 2023-07-17 2023-10-20 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池单体、电池及用电设备

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