WO2025004901A1 - CO2eq排出量評価装置、CO2eq排出量評価システム、CO2eq排出量評価方法 - Google Patents
CO2eq排出量評価装置、CO2eq排出量評価システム、CO2eq排出量評価方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2025004901A1 WO2025004901A1 PCT/JP2024/022015 JP2024022015W WO2025004901A1 WO 2025004901 A1 WO2025004901 A1 WO 2025004901A1 JP 2024022015 W JP2024022015 W JP 2024022015W WO 2025004901 A1 WO2025004901 A1 WO 2025004901A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/06—Energy or water supply
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/10—Services
- G06Q50/26—Government or public services
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a CO 2 eq emission amount evaluation device, a CO 2 eq emission amount evaluation system, and a CO 2 eq emission amount evaluation method.
- Hydrogen which does not emit CO2 when burned, is expected to be an energy source that can mitigate global warming. Hydrogen can be produced from a variety of resources, but small amounts of CO2 may be emitted during the production process or when hydrogen is extracted from a hydrogen carrier.
- Patent Literature 1 discloses a server that issues coupons that can be used in stores located near a power supply facility to a user of a vehicle that is being CO2 - free charged when the vehicle is being CO2 - free charged.
- the conventional technology has a problem in that the amount of CO 2 eq emitted during hydrogen trading is not evaluated.
- the present disclosure provides a technique capable of evaluating CO 2 eq emissions when trading hydrogen.
- the present disclosure provides a CO2 emission evaluation device that can communicate with a factory system and an authentication system related to the production of hydrogen via a network, and has a communication unit that receives CO2 emissions during the production of hydrogen and hydrogen identification information for the produced hydrogen from the factory system, and an authentication information acquisition unit that requests the authentication system to certify the CO2 emission amounts associated with the hydrogen identification information, and acquires authentication information for the CO2 emission amounts associated with the hydrogen identification information.
- the present disclosure can provide a technique for evaluating CO 2 eq emissions when trading hydrogen.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the process for producing a hydrogen carrier and extracting hydrogen from the hydrogen carrier.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a system configuration of a CO 2 emission amount evaluation system.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration of an example of a CO 2 emission amount evaluation device, an authentication system, and a factory system.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a functional configuration of an example of a CO 2 emission amount evaluation system.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an authentication method using a digital signature.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the phases of authentication for a hydrogen source, a hydrogen carrier, and hydrogen removal.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a case where hydrogen extracted from a hydrogen carrier is mixed with hydrogen produced from other raw materials.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a system configuration of a CO 2 emission amount evaluation system.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration of an example of a CO 2 emission amount evaluation device, an authentication
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a flow in which a simulation unit estimates an amount of extracted hydrogen.
- FIG. 1 is an example of a flowchart illustrating an overall flow of processes performed by an authentication system, a CO 2 emission amount evaluation device, and a factory system.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a flow of calculation and authentication of carbon intensity in a case where there is one hydrogen source.
- FIG. 13 is an example of a flowchart illustrating the flow of calculation and authentication of carbon intensity in a case where there are two hydrogen sources.
- FIG. 13 is an example of a flowchart illustrating the flow of calculation and certification of carbon intensity in a case where there are two hydrogen carriers.
- FIG. 1 is an example of a flowchart illustrating an overall flow of processes performed by an authentication system, a CO 2 emission amount evaluation device, and a factory system.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a flow of calculation and authentication of carbon intensity in a case where
- FIG. 1 is an example of a flowchart illustrating the flow of calculation and certification of carbon intensity in a case where hydrogen is extracted from a hydrogen carrier and produced by an existing process.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a case in which hydrogen extracted from MCH is added to hydrogen produced from existing raw materials and then increased.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a case in which the production rate of hydrogen produced from existing raw materials is slowed down to create room (space) for hydrogen to be removed from the MCH.
- FIG 1 is a schematic diagram explaining the process of manufacturing a hydrogen carrier and extracting hydrogen from it.
- a hydrogen carrier is a medium or method for efficiently storing and transporting hydrogen, which has low storage and transport efficiency when in gaseous form.
- Examples of hydrogen carriers include MCH (methylcyclohexane) and liquid hydrogen. Extracting hydrogen refers to extracting hydrogen from the hydrogen carrier (dehydrogenation).
- CO2 - free hydrogen is produced, and a hydrogen carrier containing this CO2 - free hydrogen is produced at a production facility 63.
- the hydrogen produced at the production facility 63 is transported to a storage facility 61.
- a hydrogen extraction facility 62 extracts hydrogen from the hydrogen carrier at the storage facility 61.
- the extracted hydrogen is supplied to a customer 64.
- customer 64 There are various types of customer 64, and they may be, for example, a hydrogen station, a general household, a power plant, or a factory.
- the trading partner 64 may want to trade the hydrogen to be purchased with the value reflected as to how much CO2 was actually emitted when it was produced.
- CO2 is mainly emitted during renewable energy production, hydrogen production, transportation, and hydrogen extraction.
- the CO2 emission evaluation system of this embodiment calculates the CO2 emissions during hydrogen production and hydrogen extraction, for example, and calculates carbon intensity from the CO2 emissions.
- the CO2 emission evaluation system also certifies the carbon intensity, hydrogen, and process (such as during hydrogen production and hydrogen extraction) in association with each other as follows. Note that carbon intensity is an index indicating the amount of carbon emitted per unit when the product is produced, and the smaller the value, the smaller the CO2 emission. Carbon intensity is the CO2 emission relative to some benchmark (for example, conventional CO2 emission).
- the CO2 emission assessment device certifies the carbon intensity associated with hydrogen during hydrogen production.
- the CO2 emission evaluation device certifies the carbon intensity in correspondence with the hydrogen when the hydrogen is extracted.
- the hydrogen being traded is assigned a carbon intensity and has been certified, so even for hydrogen produced overseas or in remote locations, fair trading can be achieved that reflects a value according to its carbon intensity. It also ensures transparency and traceability in hydrogen trading.
- ⁇ Terminology> Certification refers to proving that a document (in this embodiment, electronic data) was created and written in accordance with legitimate procedures.
- the authentication method may be a method agreed upon among multiple countries, or authentication performed by a third-party organization. In this embodiment, it refers to proving that the amount of CO2 emissions emitted during hydrogen production, etc. is correct.
- Authentication information is information that proves that authentication has been performed.
- Hydrogen identification information is information for identifying hydrogen that has been produced. Hydrogen is amorphous, but is identified by unique information such as the production site, period, and production volume. If the production site is the same, hydrogen identification information may be a lot number linked to the period and production volume.
- CO2eq means " CO2 CO2eq is an abbreviation for "global warming potential equivalent” and refers to a gas that has the same greenhouse effect as CO2 . It is possible to convert the emissions of other gases into CO2 equivalent amounts using global warming potential (GWP). In this embodiment, the evaluation of CO2 emissions will be described, but similar calculations can be made for the emissions of other gases, making it possible to evaluate CO2eq emissions.
- the CO2 emission evaluation device 10 is an example of a CO2eq emission evaluation device.
- ⁇ System configuration example> 2 is a diagram showing an example of the system configuration of the CO 2 emission evaluation system 100.
- the CO 2 emission evaluation device 10 the authentication system 30, and the factory system 40 are communicatively connected via a network N.
- the network N may be a wide area network such as the Internet, but may also be a dedicated network such as a VPN (Virtual Private Network).
- VPN Virtual Private Network
- the authentication system 30 is a Renewable Energy Certificate (REC).
- the authentication system 30 issues a Certificate of Authenticity (CAC) and performs the above authentications (i) and (ii) when hydrogen is produced and taken out.
- CAC Certificate of Authenticity
- the specific authentication method is not a feature of this embodiment, and any authentication method may be adopted.
- the authentication system 30 performs authentication by attaching an electronic signature to the carbon intensity, etc. The method of attaching an electronic signature will be described in detail later.
- the factory system 40 is a system such as a server that manages the equipment of a factory that produces renewable energy, produces hydrogen, or extracts hydrogen.
- the factory system 40 for example, produces hydrogen (in this embodiment, CO2- free hydrogen), produces hydrogen carriers such as MCH (methylcyclohexane), which is a compound with toluene, from hydrogen, and produces hydrogen from raw materials 1 and 2 (for example, LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) and the like) by existing processes.
- the factory system 40 extracts hydrogen from the hydrogen carrier by a method suitable for the hydrogen carrier (for example, dehydrogenation).
- the hydrogen carrier may be ammonia, a hydrogen storage material, methane, a hydrogen storage material, or the like, or may be transported in the form of liquefied hydrogen or compressed hydrogen.
- the factory system 40 does not need to be located in one place, but may exist in each factory that produces hydrogen and each factory that extracts hydrogen. Furthermore, the factory system 40 may be called anything, such as a plant, refinery, or production facility, as long as it is a facility that produces hydrogen or extracts hydrogen.
- the CO2 emission evaluation device 10 is an information processing system such as a server managed by a company that distributes, manufactures, or sells hydrogen.
- the CO2 emission evaluation device 10 communicates with a factory system 40, calculates the amount of CO2 emission and carbon intensity during renewable energy production, hydrogen production, hydrogen carrier production, hydrogen extraction, etc., and compares the carbon intensity with a threshold value to evaluate whether or not the process can be called CO2 - free.
- the CO2 emission evaluation device 10 also communicates with an authentication system 30, requests the authentication system 30 to certify the carbon intensity of each process, and obtains authentication information.
- the processes to be authenticated are, for example, hydrogen production and hydrogen extraction, but are not limited to these, and may be any process in which CO2 is emitted, such as renewable energy production and hydrogen carrier production.
- the CO2 emission amount evaluation device 10 may be realized by cloud computing or by a single information processing device.
- Cloud computing refers to a form in which resources on a network are used without being aware of specific hardware resources.
- the CO2 emission amount evaluation device 10 may exist on the Internet or on-premise.
- a terminal device operated by a user may be connectable to the network N. Since the CO2 emission assessment device 10, the authentication system 30, and the factory system 40 can have a web server function, a user can connect a terminal device to these and display and transmit any information such as authentication information.
- the terminal device may be, for example, a PC (Personal Computer), a smartphone, a tablet terminal, or the like used by the user, but may be any device capable of executing a web browser.
- Fig. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of the CO 2 emission evaluation device 10, the authentication system 30, and the factory system 40 according to this embodiment. As shown in Fig.
- the CO 2 emission evaluation device 10, the authentication system 30, and the factory system 40 are constructed by a computer 500, and include a CPU 501, a ROM 502, a RAM 503, a HD (Hard Disk) 504, a HDD (Hard Disk Drive) controller 505, a display 506, an external device connection I/F (Interface) 508, a network I/F 509, a bus line 510, a keyboard 511, a pointing device 512, a DVD-RW (Digital Versatile Disk Rewritable) drive 514, and a media I/F 516.
- a computer 500 and include a CPU 501, a ROM 502, a RAM 503, a HD (Hard Disk) 504, a HDD (Hard Disk Drive) controller 505, a display 506, an external device connection I/F (Interface) 508, a network I/F 509, a bus line 510, a keyboard 511, a pointing device 512, a DVD-RW (
- the CPU 501 controls the operation of the entire computer 500.
- the ROM 502 stores programs used to drive the CPU 501, such as IPL.
- the RAM 503 is used as a work area for the CPU 501.
- the HD 504 stores various data such as programs.
- the HDD controller 505 controls the reading and writing of various data from the HD 504 according to the control of the CPU 501.
- the display 506 displays various information such as a cursor, menu, window, character, or image.
- the external device connection I/F 508 is an interface for connecting various external devices. In this case, the external device is, for example, a USB (Universal Serial Bus) memory or a printer.
- the network I/F 509 is an interface for data communication using the network N.
- the bus line 510 is an address bus, a data bus, or the like for electrically connecting each component such as the CPU 501 shown in FIG. 3.
- the keyboard 511 is a type of input means equipped with multiple keys used to input characters, numbers, or various instructions.
- the pointing device 512 is a type of input means for selecting and executing various instructions, selecting a processing target, moving the cursor, and the like.
- the DVD-RW drive 514 controls the reading and writing of various data from the DVD-RW 513, which is an example of a removable recording medium. Note that the DVD-RW drive 514 is not limited to a DVD-RW, and may be a DVD-R or the like.
- the media I/F 516 controls the reading and writing (storing) of data from the recording medium 515, such as a flash memory.
- Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the functional configuration of an example of the CO 2 emission evaluation system 100.
- the authentication system 30 has a communication unit 31, an authentication processing unit 32, and a storage unit 33.
- Each functional unit of the authentication system 30 is a function or means realized by the CPU 501 shown in FIG. 3 executing instructions included in one or more programs installed in the authentication system 30.
- the communication unit 31 transmits and receives various information to and from the CO 2 emission evaluation device 10.
- the communication unit 31 receives requests from the CO 2 emission evaluation device 10 and transmits authentication information to the CO 2 emission evaluation device 10.
- the authentication information includes, for example, an REC and an electronic signature.
- the authentication processing unit 32 authenticates the information to be authenticated transmitted by the CO 2 emission amount evaluation device.
- the authentication processing unit 32 performs the following authentication, for example.
- the authentication processing unit 32 authenticates the evaluation results such as carbon intensity, whether the hydrogen can be called CO2 -free based on the carbon intensity, hydrogen identification information A for identifying the hydrogen (production location, production period, production volume, CO2 emissions, etc.), and the process name (when hydrogen is produced).
- the certification criteria may depend on whether the requirements of the consumer are met.
- the authentication processing unit 32 authenticates the carbon intensity, the evaluation result of whether the hydrogen can be called CO2 -free based on the carbon intensity, hydrogen identification information B for identifying the hydrogen (extraction location, extraction period, extraction amount, CO2 emissions, etc.), and the process name (when hydrogen is extracted).
- the authentication process will be described in detail with reference to Fig. 5.
- the storage unit 33 stores various pieces of authentication information created by the authentication processing unit 32.
- the factory system 40 has a communication unit 41, a production management unit 42, a removal management unit 43, and a simulation unit 44.
- Each functional unit of the factory system 40 is a function or means realized by the CPU 501 shown in FIG. 3 executing instructions included in one or more programs installed in the factory system 40.
- the communication unit 41 transmits and receives various information to the CO 2 emission evaluation device 10.
- the communication unit 41 transmits to the CO 2 emission evaluation device 10 the production location, production period, production amount (taken out amount), CO 2 emission amount, process name, and the like.
- the production management unit 42 creates information such as the production location, production period, production volume, CO2 emissions, and process name.
- the extraction management unit 43 When hydrogen is extracted, the extraction management unit 43 creates information such as the extraction location, extraction period, extraction amount, CO2 emission amount, and process name.
- the simulation unit 44 is a simulator that estimates the amount of hydrogen extracted based on the raw material composition of the hydrogen carrier, etc. and the operating conditions when hydrogen is extracted. Therefore, if the raw material composition and operating conditions are known, the amount of CO2 - free hydrogen extracted can be estimated even if CO2 - free hydrogen and hydrogen from an existing process are mixed.
- the CO2 emission evaluation device 10 has a communication unit 11, a carbon intensity calculation unit 12, an authentication information acquisition unit 13, a provision unit 14, a reduction amount calculation unit 15, a power generation amount calculation unit 16, an incentive calculation unit 17, and a storage unit 18.
- Each functional unit of the CO2 emission evaluation device 10 is a function or means realized by the CPU 501 shown in FIG. 3 executing instructions included in one or more programs installed in the factory system 40.
- the communication unit 11 transmits and receives various information to and from the authentication system 30 and the factory system 40.
- the communication unit 11 transmits information to be authenticated to the authentication system 30, and receives authentication information from the authentication system 30.
- the communication unit 11 receives information created by the production management unit 42 and removal management unit 43 from the factory system 40.
- the carbon intensity calculation unit 12 calculates the amount of CO2 emission of hydrogen using the respective amounts of CO2 emission. Details will be described later.
- the authentication information acquisition unit 13 requests the authentication system 30 to authenticate the carbon intensity, the evaluation result of whether the hydrogen can be called CO2 - free based on the carbon intensity, the hydrogen identification information A or B for identifying the hydrogen, and the process name (when hydrogen is produced), and acquires the authentication information.
- the authentication information is stored in the storage unit 18.
- the providing unit 14 provides the authentication information to business partners who require the authentication information, such as business partners of the hydrogen carrier containing the produced hydrogen and business partners of the hydrogen extracted from the hydrogen carrier.
- the reduction amount calculation unit 15 calculates the amount of CO2 emissions that have been reduced by introducing CO2- free hydrogen (i.e., by using the carbon intensity) and the CO2 reduction rate with respect to the benchmark CO2 emissions.
- the power generation amount calculation unit 16 calculates the amount of power generated by introducing CO2 - free hydrogen (i.e., using the carbon intensity) that can be said to be 100% CO2 - free. The power generation amount calculation unit 16 also calculates the amount of CO2 emissions during power generation.
- the incentive calculation unit 17 converts the amount of CO2 reduction achieved by introducing CO2 - free hydrogen into a monetary amount.
- the incentive is the monetary effect of introducing CO2 - free hydrogen.
- Fig. 5 is a diagram for explaining an authentication method using an electronic signature.
- the carbon intensity, the evaluation result of whether it can be called CO2- free based on the carbon intensity, the hydrogen specification information A or B, and the process name are assumed to be the objects of authentication.
- the authentication processing unit 32 calculates the carbon intensity, the evaluation result, the hydrogen identification information A or B, and the hash value of the process name.
- the authentication processing unit 32 encrypts the hash value with a secret key 53 that is preset in the CO 2 emission amount evaluation device 10.
- the encrypted hash value is called a digital signature 54.
- the electronic signature 54 is attached to the electronic data 51 to be authenticated (carbon intensity, evaluation results, hydrogen specific information A or B, and process name).
- the authentication processing unit 32 attaches the electronic certificate 52 of the authentication system 30 to the electronic data 51.
- the electronic certificate 52 includes a public key 52a of the CO2 emission evaluation device 10 and an electronic signature 52b of the authentication system 30.
- the public key 52a is paired with the private key 53, and information encrypted with the private key 53 can only be decrypted with the paired public key 52a.
- the electronic signature 52b of the authentication system 30 is used to certify that the electronic certificate 52 has been granted by the authentication system 30.
- the electronic data 51, the electronic signature 54, and the electronic certificate 52 constitute authentication information 50.
- the flow of verifying the electronic data 51 to which the thus created electronic signature 54 and electronic certificate 52 are attached is as follows (not shown). It is assumed that the verification will be performed by a business partner purchasing hydrogen, but anyone may perform the authentication. (5) The business partner calculates the hash value of the carbon intensity, the evaluation result, the hydrogen identification information A or B, and the process name. (6) The trading partner decrypts the electronic signature 54 attached to the electronic data 51 using the public key 52a to return it to the original hash value. (7) If the hash value of (5) matches the hash value of (6), the purchaser can determine that the electronic data 51 has not been tampered with and that the electronic data 51 was issued by the CO2 emission evaluation device 10.
- authentication method is just one example, and authentication may be performed by methods other than certification by a third-party organization, etc.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the authentication phase for the hydrogen source, the hydrogen carrier, and the extraction of hydrogen.
- the CO 2 emission evaluation device can certify (A) the carbon intensity at the time of production.
- a hydrogen carrier production facility 72 produces a hydrogen carrier from two hydrogen sources (the hydrogen source may be single or multiple).
- the hydrogen carrier is stored in a storage facility 73.
- the carbon intensity, etc. of the hydrogen contained in this storage facility 73 is certified (B). That is, the CO 2 emission evaluation device 10 causes the certification system 30 to certify the carbon intensity of a hydrogen carrier (liquid water, MCH, etc.) mixed with hydrogen produced from one or more hydrogen sources.
- the hydrogen carrier in the storage facility 73 is transported and stored in the storage facility 75 together with a hydrogen carrier in another storage facility 74.
- the hydrogen carrier stored in the storage facility 74 may or may not be CO2 - free hydrogen.
- Hydrogen is taken out from the hydrogen carrier in the storage facility 75 by the hydrogen take-out device 76.
- the CO2 emission evaluation device 10 causes the certification system 30 to certify (C) the carbon intensity of the hydrogen taken out from the storage facility 75. If the hydrogen of the hydrogen carrier stored in the storage facility 74 is not CO2 - free hydrogen, some of the hydrogen taken out from the storage facility 75 is not CO2 - free hydrogen, and some is CO2 - free hydrogen.
- the amount of CO2 - free hydrogen taken out is calculated from the mixing ratio of the hydrogen carrier in the storage facility 75.
- the hydrogen of the hydrogen carrier stored in storage facility 74 is CO2 - free hydrogen
- all hydrogen extracted from storage facility 75 is CO2 - free hydrogen.
- the amount of CO2 reduction differs depending on the hydrogen source, it is preferable to estimate the amount of CO2 reduction for each of storage facilities 73 and 74.
- the CO2 emission evaluation device 10 calculates the amount of CO2 reduction depending on the mixture ratio of CO2 - free hydrogen and non-CO2-free hydrogen, or depending on the fact that all hydrogen sources are CO2 - free hydrogen but the CO2 reduction amount differs.
- the CO2 emission evaluation device 10 can notify the destination of the extracted hydrogen of an equal amount of CO2 reduction, or can notify that hydrogen for a specific destination is 100% CO2 - free hydrogen.
- Fig. 7 is a diagram for explaining a case where hydrogen extracted from a hydrogen carrier is mixed with hydrogen produced from other raw materials.
- a hydrogen carrier containing CO2 - free hydrogen is transported and stored in a storage facility 81.
- Hydrogen is extracted from the hydrogen carrier in the storage facility 81 by a hydrogen extraction facility 82.
- toluene is recovered in a toluene recovery device 83 and transported to a production site of CO2- free hydrogen.
- the existing process 84 hydrogen is also produced from various raw materials within the refinery (this is called the existing process 84), and when hydrogen is extracted, the CO2 - free hydrogen from the storage facility 81 is mixed with hydrogen from the existing process.
- the hydrogen produced by the existing process 84 is not CO2 - free. In such cases, the extent to which CO2 emissions have been reduced is evaluated based on the ratio of hydrogen certified as CO2 - free to the total hydrogen consumption in the refinery.
- the carbon intensity calculation unit 12 calculates the carbon intensity during hydrogen production in the following procedure. Note that here, the amount of CO2 emissions during hydrogen production is assumed to be zero, and the carbon intensity during hydrogen carrier production is calculated. In addition, a method for calculating the carbon intensity of hydrogen with different hydrogen sources and CO2 emissions will be explained. When there is one hydrogen source, the carbon intensity is the CO2 emissions of that hydrogen source itself. Note that the CO2 emissions are a relative value per unit amount to the benchmark hydrogen production method.
- Hydrogen source 1 By-product hydrogen CO2 emissions 1
- Hydrogen source 2 Water electrolysis hydrogen CO2 emissions 0.1
- a hydrogen carrier is produced from these hydrogens, and the volume ratio is assumed to be "1:1.”
- the value of hydrogen may be determined by agreement between the parties in the transaction.
- the carbon intensity calculation unit 12 calculates the carbon intensity when hydrogen is extracted in the following manner. The calculation method for the carbon intensity when hydrogen is extracted from hydrogen carriers with different hydrogen carriers and CO2 emissions when extracted will be described below. When there is one hydrogen carrier, the carbon intensity is the CO2 emissions when hydrogen is extracted from that hydrogen carrier.
- Hydrogen carrier 1 Hydrogen derived from Australian CO2- free MCH CO2 emissions: 0.1
- the total amount of CO2 emissions may be calculated, and the extent to which the total amount of CO2 emissions has been reduced may be evaluated based on the total amount of CO2 emissions up to the time of hydrogen use.
- the value of hydrogen may be determined by an agreement between the parties in the transaction.
- the CO 2 emission amount evaluation device 10 can also include the amount of reduction in CO 2 emissions in the certification target.
- the reduction amount calculation unit 15 calculates the reduction amount of CO2 emissions for CO2- free hydrogen whose carbon intensity has already been calculated as follows: "t-CO2" means the amount of carbon dioxide in tons, and "t-H2" means the amount of hydrogen in tons.
- ⁇ CO2 emissions from CO2- free hydrogen (t-CO2) Amount of CO2 - free hydrogen (t-H2) x carbon intensity (t-CO2/t-H2)...(3)
- ⁇ CO2 reduction amount (t-CO2) CO2 emissions before replacement with CO2- free hydrogen (t-CO2) - ⁇ CO2 emissions from refinery hydrogen (t-CO2) + CO2 emissions from CO2 -free hydrogen (t-CO2) ⁇ ...
- ⁇ CO2 reduction rate (%) ⁇ CO2 emissions from refinery hydrogen (t-CO2) + CO2 emissions from CO2 -free hydrogen (t-CO2) ⁇ / CO2 emissions before switching to CO2 -free hydrogen (t-CO2)...(5)
- the benchmark CO2 emission amount used to calculate the carbon intensity is the CO2 emission amount during the production of hydrogen produced by an oil refinery
- the CO2 reduction rate can be calculated as follows.
- ⁇ CO2 reduction rate (%) ( CO2 emissions before switching to CO2 - free hydrogen - CO2 emissions from CO2- free hydrogen (t-CO2)) / CO2 emissions before switching to CO2 -free hydrogen (t-CO2)...(6)
- the reduction amount calculation unit 15 calculates the amount of reduction in CO2 emissions when power is generated using CO2- free hydrogen whose carbon intensity has been calculated, as follows.
- ⁇ CO2 emissions during power generation (t-CO2/MWh) Amount of CO2 - free hydrogen used for power generation (t-H2) x carbon intensity (t-CO2/t-H2) / power generation (MWh) ...
- the power generation amount calculation unit 16 calculates the amount of power generated using CO2 - free hydrogen.
- the CO2 emission evaluation device 10 can also include the amount of power generated using CO2 - free hydrogen in the certification target.
- the incentive calculation unit 17 calculates an incentive ( CO2- free incentive) according to the amount of CO2 reduction.
- the incentive may be expressed in monetary terms (e.g., yen, dollars, euros, etc.).
- the incentive calculation unit 17 can also include the incentive in the certification target.
- Fig. 8 is a flow chart for explaining the flow of estimating the amount of extracted hydrogen by the simulation unit 44. Estimation of the amount of extracted hydrogen by simulation is effective in cases where hydrogen extracted from the hydrogen carrier and hydrogen produced from raw materials are mixed, as shown in Fig. 7.
- the simulation unit 44 analyzes the composition of the raw materials in the tank (S501). It is assumed that the composition of the raw materials in the tank is known.
- the simulation unit 44 estimates the amount of hydrogen produced according to the raw material composition and the operating conditions (S502).
- the amount of hydrogen produced according to the raw material composition and the operating conditions is estimated using a database or an estimation model generated by machine learning.
- the simulation unit 44 calculates the amount of hydrogen produced from the existing process and the amount of CO2 - free hydrogen extracted from the MCH (S503).
- the amount of hydrogen produced from the existing process and the MCH depending on the raw material composition and operating conditions is estimated using a database or an estimation model generated by machine learning.
- FIG. 9 is a flow chart for explaining the overall flow of the processes performed by the authentication system 30, the CO 2 emission evaluation device 10, and the factory system 40. As shown in FIG.
- the factory system 40 produces renewable energy (electricity generated by solar power, hydraulic power, wind power, etc.).
- the factory system 40 transmits the production location, production period, production volume, and information required for calculating the emission coefficient of the renewable energy to the CO2 emission assessment device 10.
- the information required for calculating the emission coefficient is the fuel and electricity consumed in producing the renewable energy.
- the CO2 emission assessment device 10 calculates the emission coefficient ( CO2 emission amount relative to the benchmark) using information necessary for the emission coefficient calculation (carbon intensity calculation). The emission coefficient corresponds to the carbon intensity.
- the CO2 emission assessment device 10 transmits the production location, production period, production amount, and carbon intensity of the renewable energy to the authentication system 30. If the produced hydrogen is not CO2 - free hydrogen (not green hydrogen), the CO2 emissions upstream of hydrogen production (thermal power generation, etc.) may be included in the carbon intensity.
- the authentication system 30 registers the renewable energy production location, production period, production volume, and carbon intensity in association with each other.
- the authentication system 30 authenticates the production location, production period, production amount, and carbon intensity of the renewable energy, and creates authentication information.
- the authentication information is made public.
- the authentication system 30 transmits the authentication information to the CO2 emission evaluation device 10.
- the CO 2 emission evaluation device 10 registers authentication information regarding the production of renewable energy.
- the factory system 40 consumes renewable energy to produce hydrogen.
- the factory system 40 transmits the production location, production period, production volume, and information necessary for calculating the emission coefficient to the CO2 emission assessment device 10.
- the information necessary for calculating the emission coefficient is the fuel and electricity consumed in producing hydrogen.
- the CO2 emission evaluation device 10 calculates an emission coefficient ( CO2 emission amount relative to a benchmark) using information necessary for calculating the emission coefficient.
- the emission coefficient corresponds to carbon intensity.
- the CO2 emission evaluation device 10 also compares the emission coefficient with a threshold value to evaluate whether or not the hydrogen can be considered CO2 - free.
- the CO2 emission evaluation device 10 transmits the hydrogen identification information A, the process name (when hydrogen is produced), the carbon intensity, and the evaluation results to the authentication system 30.
- the authentication system 30 registers the hydrogen specific information A, the process name (when hydrogen is produced), the carbon intensity, and the evaluation results.
- the authentication system 30 authenticates the hydrogen identification information A, the process name (at the time of hydrogen production), the carbon intensity, and the evaluation results, and creates authentication information.
- the authentication information is made public. This authentication information may be called a clean hydrogen certificate.
- the authentication system 30 transmits the authentication information to the CO2 emission evaluation device 10.
- the CO 2 emission amount evaluation device 10 registers authentication information related to the production of hydrogen.
- the factory system 40 converts hydrogen into a hydrogen carrier (MCH, liquid hydrogen, etc.).
- the factory system 40 transmits the production location, production period, production volume, and information required for calculating the emission coefficient of the hydrogen carrier to the CO2 emission assessment device 10.
- the information required for calculating the emission coefficient is the amount of CO2 emissions during the production of the fuel and electricity consumed in the production of the hydrogen carrier, and the amount of CO2 emissions generated by the consumption of these.
- the carbon intensity calculation unit of the CO2 emission evaluation device 10 calculates an emission coefficient ( CO2 emission amount relative to the benchmark) using information necessary for calculating the emission coefficient.
- the emission coefficient corresponds to the carbon intensity.
- the CO2 emission evaluation device 10 registers authentication information related to the production of the hydrogen carrier.
- the hydrogen carrier produced in the factory system 40 is transported to a business partner, etc.
- the factory system 40 transmits the production location (source and destination) of the hydrogen carrier, the production period, the production volume, and information required for calculating the emission coefficient to the CO2 emission assessment device 10.
- the information required for calculating the emission coefficient is the CO2 emissions during the production of the fuel and electricity consumed for transportation, and the CO2 emissions generated by their consumption. It is.
- the carbon intensity calculation unit of the CO2 emission evaluation device 10 calculates an emission coefficient ( CO2 emission amount relative to the benchmark) using information necessary for calculating the emission coefficient.
- the emission coefficient corresponds to the carbon intensity.
- the CO2 emission evaluation device 10 registers authentication information related to the transportation of the hydrogen carrier.
- the factory system 40 extracts hydrogen from the hydrogen carrier.
- the factory system 40 transmits the production location, production period, production volume, and information required for calculating the emission coefficient of the hydrogen extracted to the CO2 emission assessment device 10.
- the information required for calculating the emission coefficient is the CO2 emissions during the production of the fuel and electricity consumed to extract the hydrogen, and the CO2 emissions generated by their consumption.
- the CO2 emission evaluation device 10 calculates an emission coefficient ( CO2 emission amount relative to a benchmark) using information necessary for calculating the emission coefficient.
- the emission coefficient corresponds to carbon intensity.
- the CO2 emission evaluation device 10 also compares the emission coefficient with a threshold value to evaluate whether or not the hydrogen can be considered CO2 - free.
- the CO2 emission evaluation device 10 transmits the hydrogen identification information B, the process name (when hydrogen is extracted), the carbon intensity, and the evaluation result to the authentication system 30.
- the CO2 emission evaluation device 10 may request the authentication system 30 to certify the amount of CO2 emissions during conversion to a hydrogen carrier and during transportation individually, or may request the authentication system 30 to certify the amount of CO2 emissions during conversion to a hydrogen carrier, during transportation, and during removal all together.
- the authentication system 30 registers the hydrogen specific information B, the process name (when hydrogen is extracted), the carbon intensity, and the evaluation results.
- the authentication system 30 authenticates the hydrogen identification information B, the process name (when hydrogen is extracted), the carbon intensity, and the evaluation results, and creates authentication information.
- the authentication information is made public. This authentication information may be called a clean hydrogen certificate.
- the authentication system 30 transmits the authentication information to the CO2 emission evaluation device 10.
- the CO 2 emission amount evaluation device 10 registers authentication information related to the time of taking out hydrogen.
- the CO2 emissions generated in each phase of renewable energy production, hydrogen production, conversion to hydrogen carriers, transportation, and extraction are certified.
- the CO2 emissions up to that point may be calculated in each phase, and the CO2 emissions including the CO2 emissions up to that point may be certified.
- FIG. 10 is a flow chart illustrating the flow of calculation and authentication of carbon intensity in the case where there is one hydrogen source.
- the factory system 40 produces CO2 - free hydrogen and calculates the amount of CO2 emissions during production (S101).
- the communication unit 41 of the factory system 40 transmits the production location, production period, production amount, and CO2 emissions to the CO2 emission evaluation device 10. For simplicity, it is assumed here that the factory system 40 calculates the amount of CO2 emissions.
- the carbon intensity calculation unit 12 of the CO2 emission evaluation device 10 calculates the relative value of the CO2 emission during production to the CO2 emission of the benchmark hydrogen as the carbon intensity (S102). For example, the carbon intensity calculation unit 12 sets the ratio of the CO2 emission in step S101 to the CO2 emission of the benchmark hydrogen as the carbon intensity. The carbon intensity calculation unit 12 compares the carbon intensity with a threshold value to determine the evaluation result.
- the authentication information acquisition unit 13 of the CO2 emission evaluation device 10 transmits the authentication object (carbon intensity, evaluation result of whether it can be called CO2 - free based on the carbon intensity, hydrogen identification information A, and process name) to the authentication system 30 via the communication unit 11.
- the authentication processing unit 32 of the authentication system 30 authenticates the authentication object and creates authentication information (S103).
- the communication unit 31 of the authentication system 30 transmits the authentication information to the CO2 emission evaluation device 10.
- the authentication information acquisition unit 13 acquires the authentication information.
- the sales company of the hydrogen carrier receives the hydrogen carrier and manages it together with the authentication information. In this case, the sales company of the hydrogen carrier is the company that manages the CO2 emission evaluation device 10 or a related company.
- Figure 10 shows the authentication process when hydrogen is produced, but the authentication process when hydrogen is extracted can follow a similar flow.
- Figure 11 is a flow chart that explains the process of calculating and certifying carbon intensity when there are two hydrogen sources.
- the factory system 40 produces by-product hydrogen and CO2- free hydrogen, and further produces a hydrogen carrier, and calculates the amount of CO2 emissions during each production (S201).
- the communication unit 41 of the factory system 40 transmits the production location, production period, production amount, and CO2 emissions of each to the CO2 emission evaluation device 10.
- the carbon intensity calculation unit 12 of the CO2 emission evaluation device 10 calculates the carbon intensity based on the mixing ratio of hydrogen from different hydrogen sources and the relative value of the CO2 emission in step S201 to the CO2 emission of the benchmark hydrogen (S202). The method of calculating this carbon intensity is shown in formula (1).
- the carbon intensity calculation unit 12 compares the carbon intensity with a threshold value to determine the evaluation result.
- the authentication information acquisition unit 13 of the CO2 emission evaluation device 10 transmits the authentication object (carbon intensity, evaluation result of whether the process can be called CO2 - free based on the carbon intensity, hydrogen identification information A, and process name) to the authentication system 30 via the communication unit 11.
- the authentication processing unit 32 of the authentication system 30 authenticates the authentication object and creates authentication information (S203).
- the communication unit 31 of the authentication system 30 transmits the authentication information to the CO2 emission evaluation device 10.
- the authentication information acquisition unit 13 acquires the authentication information.
- the hydrogen sales company receives the hydrogen carrier and manages it together with the authentication information.
- FIG. 12 is a flow chart that explains the flow of calculating and authenticating carbon intensity when there are two hydrogen carriers. Note that the explanation of FIG. 12 mainly explains the differences from FIG. 10. Steps S301 to S303 in FIG. 12 may be the same as steps S201 to S203 in FIG. 11.
- the hydrogen sales company extracts hydrogen and sells it to its business partners.
- the reduction amount calculation unit 15 calculates the amount of CO2 emissions based on the authentication information and adds up the amounts of CO2 emissions during hydrogen production for the multiple hydrogen carriers (S304).
- the reduction amount calculation unit 15 substitutes the carbon intensity included in the certification information and the amount of CO2 - free hydrogen extracted from the hydrogen carrier (assuming a mixture of the same hydrogen carriers containing CO2 - free hydrogen, such as MCH) into formula (3) to calculate the amount of CO2 emissions. If there are multiple hydrogen carriers, there will also be multiple pieces of certification information, so the reduction amount calculation unit 15 calculates the amount of CO2 emissions for each hydrogen carrier.
- the CO2 emissions of hydrogen used as the benchmark in formula (3) are known.
- the communication unit 11 receives the amount of CO2 emissions when hydrogen is extracted from the factory system 40, and the reduction calculation unit 15 adds up the amount of CO2 emissions when hydrogen is extracted to the amount of CO2 emissions calculated in step S404.
- the authentication information acquisition unit 13 of the CO2 emission evaluation device 10 can authenticate the amount of CO2 emissions from production to extraction calculated in step S404 in the authentication system 30.
- the provision unit 14 can provide the authentication information to the business partner.
- the CO2 emissions can be calculated using the certified carbon intensity.
- FIG. 13 is a flow chart that explains the flow of calculating and authenticating carbon intensity in the case where hydrogen is extracted from a hydrogen carrier and produced by an existing process. Note that the explanation of FIG. 13 will mainly explain the differences from FIG. 10. Steps S401 to S403 in FIG. 13 may be the same as steps S201 to S203 in FIG. 11.
- a hydrogen sales company extracts hydrogen and sells it to its business partners.
- the simulation unit 44 estimates the amount of hydrogen extracted from the MCH and calculates the CO2 emissions based on the certified carbon intensity (S404).
- the amount of hydrogen extracted from the MCH cannot be measured, so the simulation unit 44 estimates the amount of hydrogen extracted.
- the amount of hydrogen in the existing process is the amount of hydrogen obtained by subtracting the amount of hydrogen calculated by the simulation unit 44 from the total amount of hydrogen extracted.
- the reduction amount calculation unit 15 substitutes the carbon intensity included in the authentication information and the amount of CO2 - free hydrogen estimated by the simulation unit 44 into equation (3) to calculate the amount of CO2 emissions during the production of hydrogen contained in the MCH.
- the carbon intensity calculation unit 12 calculates the carbon intensity of the total amount of hydrogen based on the amount of CO2 emissions associated with the hydrogen extracted from the existing process and the amount of CO2 emissions in step S404 (S405).
- the communication unit 11 acquires the amount of hydrogen extracted from the existing process and the amount of CO2 emissions from the factory system 40.
- the communication unit 11 also acquires the amount of hydrogen extracted from the MCH (calculated by simulation) and the amount of CO2 emissions when extracting hydrogen from the factory system 40. This is to add up the amount of CO2 emissions when extracting hydrogen from the MCH to the amount of CO2 emissions during the production of hydrogen contained in the MCH .
- the carbon intensity calculation unit 12 can calculate the carbon intensity using formula (2).
- the authentication information acquisition unit 13 of the CO2 emission evaluation device 10 transmits the authentication subject (carbon intensity, the evaluation result of whether the process can be called CO2- free based on the carbon intensity, the hydrogen identification information B, and the process name) to the authentication system 30 and acquires authentication information at the time of hydrogen extraction. Furthermore, the provision unit 14 can provide the authentication information to a business partner.
- FIG. 14A and 14B are diagrams showing the relationship between time and the amount of extracted hydrogen, where Fig. 14A shows a case where hydrogen extracted from the MCH is increased in production in addition to hydrogen produced from existing raw materials.
- t1 After hydrogen production ramp-up begins, hydrogen extraction from MCH is stopped.
- t2 CO2 - free hydrogen is produced until hydrogen returns to normal levels ((supplied to other companies) CO2 - free hydrogen volume is calculated using a flow meter)
- FIG. 14B illustrates the case where the production rate of hydrogen produced from existing feedstock is slowed to make room for hydrogen to be removed from the MCH.
- CO2- free hydrogen is produced (supplied to other companies) from the start of feed + time lag to the end of feed + time lag 14B, the amount of CO2 - free hydrogen is calculated based on a simulator.
- the CO2 emission evaluation device 10 can supply hydrogen corresponding to the carbon intensity calculated as above to other companies.
- the hydrogen being traded is associated with a carbon intensity that has also been certified, making it possible to realize fair trading that reflects a value according to its carbon intensity, even for hydrogen produced overseas or in remote locations.
- CO2 emission evaluation device 10 CO2 emission evaluation device 30 Certification system 40 Factory system 100 CO2 emission evaluation system
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Abstract
Description
水素は、再生可能エネルギーの製造、低炭素水素の製造、再生可能エネルギーを用いた水素の製造、水素キャリアの製造、及び、水素キャリアから水素の取り出しの各プロセスでプロセスに応じたCO2を排出する。各プロセスが実施される場所が様々なので、最終的に水素を購入する取引先等は、どのくらいのCO2を排出して製造された水素なのか不明になり、CO2排出量に応じた価値を反映した公平な取引が困難であった。そこで本開示では、これら水素の製造等の各フェーズで認証を行い、水素と共に認証情報を提供する。
認証とは、文書(本実施形態では、電子データ)の成立及び記載が、正当な手続きでなされたことを証明することをいう。認証方法は、複数の国の間で合意された方法や、第三者機関により行われる認証等でよい。本実施形態では、水素の製造時等に排出されたCO2排出量が正しいものであることを証明することをいう。認証情報は、認証が行われたことを証明する情報である。
equivalent”の略であり、CO2と同等の温室効果を有するガスをいう。地球温暖化係数(GWP)を用いて他のガスの排出量をCO2相当量に換算することが可能である。本実施形態では、CO2排出量の評価について説明するが、他のガスの排出量についても同様に算出でき、CO2eq排出量の評価が可能である。CO2排出量評価装置10はCO2eq排出量評価装置の一例である。
図2は、CO2排出量評価システム100のシステム構成例を示す図である。CO2排出量評価システム100では、CO2排出量評価装置10、認証システム30、及び、工場システム40がネットワークNを介して通信可能に接続されている。ネットワークNは例えばインターネットなどの広域なネットワークでよいが、VPN(Virtual Private Network)など専用のネットワークでもよい。また、CO2排出量評価装置10は、認証システム30及び工場システム40と通信できればよく、認証システム30と工場システム40とは互いに通信しなくてもよい。
Energy Certificate)を発行すると共に、水素製造時と水素取り出し時に上記(i)(ii)の認証を行う。具体的な認証方法は本実施形態の特徴でなくどのような認証方法が採用されてもよい。認証システム30は、一例として、炭素強度等に電子署名を付与することで認証する。電子署名の付与方法について詳細は後述する。
図3を参照して、本実施形態に係るCO2排出量評価装置10、認証システム30、及び、工場システム40のハードウェア構成について説明する。図3は、本実施形態に係るCO2排出量評価装置10、認証システム30、及び、工場システム40の一例のハードウェア構成を示す図である。図3に示されているように、CO2排出量評価装置10、認証システム30、及び、工場システム40はコンピュータ500によって構築されており、CPU501、ROM502、RAM503、HD(Hard Disk)504、HDD(Hard Disk Drive)コントローラ505、ディスプレイ506、外部機器接続I/F(Interface)508、ネットワークI/F509、バスライン510、キーボード511、ポインティングデバイス512、DVD-RW(Digital Versatile Disk Rewritable)ドライブ514、メディアI/F516を備えている。
次に、図4を参照し、本実施形態に係るCO2排出量評価システム100の機能構成について説明する。図4は、CO2排出量評価システム100の一例の機能構成を示す図である。
認証システム30は、通信部31、認証処理部32、及び、記憶部33を有している。認証システム30が有する各機能部は、認証システム30にインストールされた1以上のプログラムに含まれる命令を図3に示したCPU501が実行することで実現される機能又は手段である。
・認証処理部32は、炭素強度、炭素強度に基づいたCO2フリーと呼べるか等の評価結果、水素を特定するための水素特定情報A(製造場所、製造期間、製造量、CO2排出量など)、及び、プロセス名(水素製造時)を認証する。認証の基準は、需要家の要求事項を満たすかどうかに依存してよい。
・認証処理部32は、炭素強度、炭素強度に基づいたCO2フリーと呼べるかの評価結果、水素を特定するための水素特定情報B(取り出し場所、取り出し期間、取り出し量、CO2排出量など)及び、プロセス名(水素取り出し時)を認証する。
認証の処理については図5にて詳細に説明する。記憶部33には、認証処理部32が作成した各種の認証情報が保存される。
工場システム40は、通信部41、製造管理部42、取り出し管理部43、及び、シミュレーション部44を有している。工場システム40が有する各機能部は、工場システム40にインストールされた1以上のプログラムに含まれる命令を図3に示したCPU501が実行することで実現される機能又は手段である。
CO2排出量評価装置10は、通信部11、炭素強度算出部12、認証情報取得部13、提供部14、削減量算出部15、発電量算出部16、インセンティブ算出部17、及び、記憶部18を有している。CO2排出量評価装置10が有する各機能部は、工場システム40にインストールされた1以上のプログラムに含まれる命令を図3に示したCPU501が実行することで実現される機能又は手段である。
図5を参照して認証システム30が行う認証方法について説明する。図5は、電子署名を用いた認証方法を説明する図である。図5では、炭素強度、炭素強度に基づいたCO2フリーと呼べるかの評価結果、水素特定情報A又はB、及び、プロセス名(再生可能エネルギーの製造時、水素製造時、水素キャリア製造時、水素取り出し時等)が認証対象であるとする。
(5) 取引先は、炭素強度、評価結果、水素特定情報A又はB、及び、プロセス名のハッシュ値を算出する。
(6) 取引先は、電子データ51に添付されている電子署名54を公開鍵52aで元のハッシュ値に復号する。
(7) 購入者は、(5)のハッシュ値と(6)のハッシュ値が一致する場合に、電子データ51に改ざんがないこと、及び、電子データ51がCO2排出量評価装置10により発行されたものであると判断できる。
図6を参照して、認証情報が作成されるフェーズについて説明する。図6は、水素源、水素キャリア、及び水素の取り出しについて認証のフェーズを説明する図である。図6では、2つの水素71が製造される。まず、CO2排出量評価装置は製造時の炭素強度を認証(A)することができる。2つの水素源(水素源は単独であっても複数でも構わない)から水素キャリア製造施設72が水素キャリアを製造している。水素キャリアは貯蔵施設73に貯蔵されている。一例として、この貯蔵施設73が含む水素について炭素強度等が認証(B)される。すなわち、CO2排出量評価装置10は、1つ以上の水素源から製造された水素が混成された水素キャリア(液水、MCHほか)の炭素強度を認証システム30に認証させる。
続いて、炭素強度の算出方法を説明する。
炭素強度算出部12は、水素製造時における炭素強度を以下のような手順で算出する。なお、ここでは、水素製造時のCO2排出量はゼロとして、水素キャリア製造時の炭素強度を求める。また、水素源及びCO2排出量が異なる水素の炭素強度の算出方法を説明する。水素源が1つの場合、炭素強度はその水素源のCO2排出量そのものである。なお、CO2排出量はベンチマークとする水素製造法との単位量当たりの相対値である。
水素源2:水電解水素 CO2排出量 0.1
これらの水素により水素キャリアが製造されるとして、その容量比率が「1:1」とする。
炭素強度= 1 × 0.5 + 0.1 × 0.5 = 0.55 ……(1)
この炭素強度は、CO2フリーと判断できるかどうかの閾値を例えば0.6とすると、閾値未満なので、全体としてCO2フリー水素と評価できる。炭素強度や評価結果を製造された水素に対応づけて認証することで、水素キャリアの取引の際に水素源がCO2フリーと見なせるかどうかを追跡可能とする。なお、取引当事者同士の取り決めによって水素の価値が決定されてもよい。
炭素強度算出部12は、水素取り出し時における炭素強度を以下のような手順で算出する。水素キャリア及び取り出し時のCO2排出量が異なる水素キャリアからの水素取り出し時の炭素強度について算出方法を説明する。水素キャリアが1つの場合、炭素強度はその水素キャリアからの水素の取り出し時のCO2排出量そのものである。
水素キャリア2:中東産CO2フリーMCH由来水素 CO2排出量 0.5
これらの水素キャリアから水素を取り出すとして、その容量比率が「1:1」とする。
炭素強度= 0.1 × 0.5 + 0.5 × 0.5 = 0.30 ……(2)
この炭素強度は、CO2フリーと判断できるかどうかの閾値を例えば0.6とすると、閾値未満なので、全体としてCO2フリー水素と評価できる。炭素強度や評価結果を取り出された水素に対応づけて認証することで、水素の取引や使用時の際に水素がCO2フリーと見なせるかどうかを追跡可能とする。なお、取引当事者同士の取り決めによって水素の価値を決定してもよい。
続いて、CO2排出量の削減量の算出方法について説明する。CO2排出量評価装置10は、CO2排出量の削減量についても認証対象に含めることができる。
削減量算出部15が、炭素強度を算出済みのCO2フリー水素についてCO2排出量の削減量を算出する算出方法は以下のようになる。なお、「t-CO2」はトン単位の二酸化炭素の量を意味し、「t-H2」はトン単位の水素の量を意味する。
・CO2フリー水素のCO2排出量(t-CO2) =
CO2フリー水素量 (t-H2)×炭素強度(t-CO2/t-H2)……(3)
・CO2削減量(t-CO2) =
CO2フリー水素に置き換え前のCO2排出量(t-CO2) - {製油所水素からのCO2排出量(t-CO2)+CO2フリー水素のCO2排出量(t-CO2)}……(4)
・CO2削減率(%) =
{製油所水素からのCO2排出量(t-CO2) + CO2フリー水素のCO2排出量(t-CO2)}/ CO2フリー水素に置き換え前のCO2排出量(t-CO2)……(5)
なお、炭素強度の算出に使用したベンチマークのCO2排出量が、製油所が製造する水素の製造時のCO2排出量の場合、CO2削減率を以下のように算出できる。
・CO2削減率(%) = (CO2フリー水素に置き換え前のCO2排出量-CO2フリー水素のCO2排出量(t-CO2))/ CO2フリー水素に置き換え前のCO2排出量(t-CO2)……(6)
(2) 製油所等の自家発電で水素を使用する場合
削減量算出部15が、炭素強度を算出済みのCO2フリー水素で発電した場合のCO2排出量の削減量を算出する算出方法は以下のようになる。
・発電時のCO2排出量(t-CO2/MWh) =
発電に使用したCO2フリー水素量(t-H2)x炭素強度(t-CO2/t-H2)/発電量(MWh)……(7)
売電時は、導入前の総発電量のCO2排出量に対し、導入後のCO2排出量の差分がCO2排出量の削減量となる。なお、導入済みとはCO2フリー水素を発電燃料に導入済みという意味である。
・100%CO2フリーの発電量(MWh) =
総発電量(MWh) x {導入前のCO2排出量(t-CO2/MWh) - 導入後のCO2排出量(t-CO2/MWh)} / 導入前のCO2排出量(t-CO2/MWh)……(8)
製油所が売電する場合、「炭素強度○○%の電気です」と称して売電する。あるいは、式(8)で算出した100%CO2フリーの発電量(MWh)だけ、「100%CO2フリー電気」と称して売電する。
インセンティブ算出部17は、CO2削減量に応じて、インセンティブ(CO2フリーインセンティブ)を算出する。インセンティブの単位は金額(例えば円、ドル、ユーロ等)でよい。インセンティブ算出部17は、インセンティブについても認証対象に含めることができる。
・CO2削減量(t-CO2) = (1 - 炭素強度) ×
ベンチマークとする水素(製造時又は取り出し時)のCO2排出量(t-CO2) ……(9)
・CO2フリーインセンティブ(円) = CO2削減量(t-CO2) × CO2価格(円/t-CO2)
<シミュレーションによる水素の取り出し量の算出>
図8は、シミュレーション部44が水素の取り出し量を推定する流れを説明するフローチャート図である。シミュレーションによる水素の取り出し量の推定は、図7に示したように、水素キャリアから取り出した水素と、原材料から製造される水素とが混成される場合などに有効になる。
図9は、認証システム30、CO2排出量評価装置10及び工場システム40が行う処理の全体的な流れを説明するフローチャート図である。
である。
図10は、水素源が1つのケースにおいて炭素強度の算出と認証の流れを説明するフローチャート図である。
定常状態の水素だけCO2フリー水素だと、例えば10tのうち9.5tしか定常状態で使われないので、0.5t分、無駄が発生する。この定常状態から供給状態への過渡期に無駄が発生するという課題あった。
t1:水素増産が始まってから、MCHからの水素の取り出しを停止
t2:水素が通常量に戻るまで、CO2フリー水素を生産((他社へ供給)流量計にてCO2フリー水素量を積算)
図14Bは、既存の原材料から製造される水素の製造速度を落として、MCHから取り出される水素のルーム(空き)を作るケースを示す。
t1:MCHから水素の取り出し時を開始し予め測定したタイムラグの経過を待つ
t2:フィード開始+タイムラグ時間からフィード停止+タイムラグ時間までCO2フリー水素を生産(他社へ供給)
なお、図14Bでは、シミュレータをもとにCO2フリー水素量を積算する。CO2排出量評価装置10は、上記により算出した炭素強度に対応した水素を他社に供給できる。
本実施形態では、取引される水素に、炭素強度が対応づけられており、かつ、認証済みなので、海外や遠隔地にて製造された水素においても、炭素強度に応じた価値を反映した公平な取引を実現できるようになる。
30 認証システム
40 工場システム
100 CO2排出量評価システム
Claims (14)
- 水素の製造に関する工場システム及び認証システムとネットワークを介して通信するCO2eq排出量評価装置であって、
前記工場システムから水素の製造時のCO2排出量及び製造された水素の水素特定情報を受信する通信部と、
前記水素特定情報が対応付けられた前記CO2排出量の認証を前記認証システムに要求し、前記水素特定情報が対応付けられた前記CO2排出量の認証情報を取得する認証情報取得部と、
を有するCO2eq排出量評価装置。 - 前記通信部は、水素キャリアから水素を取り出す際のCO2排出量及び取り出された水素の水素特定情報を前記工場システムから受信し、
前記認証情報取得部は、水素を取り出す際のCO2排出量と前記水素特定情報の認証を前記認証システムに要求し、水素を取り出す際のCO2排出量と前記水素特定情報の認証情報を取得し、
前記認証情報を取り出された水素の取引先に提供する提供部を有する請求項1に記載のCO2eq排出量評価装置。 - 前記通信部は、複数の前記工場システムから水素の製造時のCO2排出量及び製造された水素の水素特定情報を受信し、
複数の前記工場システムからの、前記CO2排出量、及び、前記水素特定情報に含まれる水素量に基づいて、複数の前記工場システムが水素の製造時に排出したCO2排出量を算出できる炭素強度を算出する炭素強度算出部を有し、
前記認証情報取得部は、前記炭素強度と前記水素特定情報の認証を前記認証システムに要求し、前記炭素強度と前記水素特定情報の認証情報を取得し、
前記提供部は、前記認証情報を製造された水素を含む水素キャリアの取引先に提供する請求項2に記載のCO2eq排出量評価装置。 - 前記通信部は、複数の前記工場システムから、水素キャリアから水素を取り出す際のCO2排出量及び取り出された水素の水素特定情報を受信し、
複数の前記工場システムからの、前記CO2排出量、及び、前記水素特定情報に含まれる水素量に基づいて、複数の前記工場システムが水素の取り出し時に排出したCO2排出量を算出できる炭素強度を算出する炭素強度算出部を有し、
前記認証情報取得部は、前記炭素強度と前記水素特定情報の認証を前記認証システムに要求し、前記炭素強度と前記水素特定情報の認証情報を取得し、
前記提供部は、前記認証情報を取り出された水素の取引先に提供する請求項2又は3に記載のCO2eq排出量評価装置。 - 前記認証情報取得部は、前記炭素強度と前記水素特定情報に加え、前記炭素強度を閾値と比較した評価結果の認証を前記認証システムに要求し、前記炭素強度、前記水素特定情報及び前記評価結果の認証情報を取得し、
前記提供部は、前記認証情報を取り出された水素の取引先に提供する請求項3に記載のCO2eq排出量評価装置。 - 前記炭素強度算出部は、前記認証情報に含まれる炭素強度、及び、前記工場システムから取得した前記水素キャリアから取り出されたCO2フリー水素量に基づいて、取り出された水素の製造時のCO2排出量を算出する請求項4に記載のCO2eq排出量評価装置。
- 前記工場システムが、前記水素キャリアから水素を取り出すと共に、既存プロセスにて水素を製造する場合、
前記炭素強度算出部は、前記認証情報に含まれる炭素強度、及び、シミュレーション部が算出した前記水素キャリアから取り出されるCO2フリー水素量に基づいて、取り出された水素の製造時のCO2排出量を算出する請求項3に記載のCO2eq排出量評価装置。 - 前記通信部は、前記工場システムから、前記水素キャリアから取り出された水素量と取り出し時のCO2排出量、及び、前記既存プロセスにより取り出された水素量とCO2排出量を受信し、
前記炭素強度算出部は、前記水素の製造時のCO2排出量が合算された前記取り出し時のCO2排出量、前記水素キャリアから取り出された水素量、及び、前記既存プロセスにより取り出された水素量とCO2排出量に基づいて、水素の取り出し時に排出されたCO2排出量に関する前記炭素強度を算出し、
前記認証情報取得部は、前記炭素強度と取り出された全量の水素の水素特定情報の認証を前記認証システムに要求し、前記炭素強度と前記水素特定情報の認証情報を取得し、
前記提供部は、前記認証情報を取り出された水素の取引先に提供する請求項7に記載のCO2eq排出量評価装置。 - 水素キャリアから取り出された水素で発電する場合に排出されるCO2排出量を、
発電に使用したCO2フリー水素量、認証済みの前記炭素強度、及び発電量に基づいて算出し、
総発電量、CO2フリー水素の導入前のCO2排出量、及び、導入後のCO2排出量に基づいてCO2フリー水素による発電量を算出する発電量算出部を有する請求項3に記載のCO2eq排出量評価装置。 - 水素の製造時又は取り出し時に削減されたCO2排出量を、
ベンチマークとする水素で発電した場合のCO2排出量、及び、認証済みの前記炭素強度、に基づいて算出し、
削減されたCO2排出量を、CO2価格に基づいて金額に変換するインセンティブ算出部を有する請求項3に記載のCO2eq排出量評価装置。 - 前記通信部は、水素キャリアの製造に消費した燃料又は電力の製造時のCO2排出量、及び、これらの消費により発生したCO2排出量を含む、炭素強度算定に必要な情報を前記工場システムから受信し、
前記炭素強度算出部は、前記炭素強度算定に必要な情報を用いて水素キャリアの製造における前記炭素強度を算出する請求項3に記載のCO2eq排出量評価装置。 - 前記通信部は、水素キャリアの輸送に消費した燃料又は電力の製造時のCO2排出量、及び、これらの消費により発生したCO2排出量を含む、炭素強度算定に必要な情報を前記工場システムから受信し、
前記炭素強度算出部は、前記炭素強度算定に必要な情報を用いて水素キャリアの輸送における前記炭素強度を算出する請求項3に記載のCO2eq排出量評価装置。 - 水素の製造に関する工場システム及び認証システムと、CO2eq排出量評価装置がネットワークを介して通信するCO2eq排出量評価システムであって、
前記工場システムは、水素の製造時のCO2排出量及び製造された水素の水素特定情報をCO2eq排出量評価装置に送信し、
前記CO2eq排出量評価装置は、
前記工場システムから水素の製造時のCO2排出量及び製造された水素の水素特定情報を受信する通信部と、
前記水素特定情報が対応付けられた前記CO2排出量の認証を前記認証システムに要求し、前記水素特定情報が対応付けられた前記CO2排出量の認証情報を取得する認証情報取得部と、
を有するCO2eq排出量評価システム。 - 水素の製造に関する工場システム及び認証システムとネットワークを介して通信するCO2eq排出量評価装置が行うCO2eq排出量評価方法であって、
前記工場システムから水素の製造時のCO2排出量及び製造された水素の水素特定情報を受信する処理と、
前記水素特定情報が対応付けられた前記CO2排出量の認証を前記認証システムに要求し、前記水素特定情報が対応付けられた前記CO2排出量の認証情報を取得する処理と、
を行うCO2eq排出量評価方法。
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