WO2025001040A1 - 一种储能系统的控制电路、方法及储能系统 - Google Patents

一种储能系统的控制电路、方法及储能系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025001040A1
WO2025001040A1 PCT/CN2024/070528 CN2024070528W WO2025001040A1 WO 2025001040 A1 WO2025001040 A1 WO 2025001040A1 CN 2024070528 W CN2024070528 W CN 2024070528W WO 2025001040 A1 WO2025001040 A1 WO 2025001040A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery cell
resistor
module
switch
control
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2024/070528
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
肖文兵
刘振
万里平
谢绍伟
蔡恒
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eve Energy Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Eve Energy Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202321712965.4U external-priority patent/CN222464170U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202321701876.XU external-priority patent/CN220711136U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202310802285.XA external-priority patent/CN116885809A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202310795655.1A external-priority patent/CN117559581A/zh
Application filed by Eve Energy Co Ltd filed Critical Eve Energy Co Ltd
Priority to US18/757,530 priority Critical patent/US20250007301A1/en
Priority to AU2024204509A priority patent/AU2024204509A1/en
Priority to DE202024103553.4U priority patent/DE202024103553U1/de
Priority to DE102024118529.5A priority patent/DE102024118529A1/de
Publication of WO2025001040A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025001040A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of power supply circuit technology, and in particular to a control circuit and method of an energy storage system and an energy storage system.
  • the lithium battery energy storage system is mainly composed of a battery system and an energy storage inverter (Power Conversion System, PCS).
  • the PCS mainly uses power electronics technology to realize the mutual conversion between the battery DC voltage and the grid AC voltage.
  • the PCS can control the charging and discharging of the battery system, perform AC and DC conversion, and can directly supply power to the AC load without a power grid.
  • the battery system is connected in series through 15s or 16s cells into modules, and then the modules are connected in series into Packs (combined batteries), and then multiple packs are connected in series into battery clusters, until the required high voltage is connected, and then energy is interacted with the AC grid through the PCS, and the battery module or Pack has a slave control unit of the Battery Management System (BMS), and the battery cluster has a master control unit of the BMS to manage the battery system.
  • BMS Battery Management System
  • the present application provides a control circuit, method and energy storage system for an energy storage system, which can reduce the size of the energy storage inverter, reduce costs, improve the utilization rate of the energy storage system and increase revenue.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a control circuit of an energy storage system, the control circuit of the energy storage system comprising: a battery cell module, a control module and a commutation module, wherein the battery cell module, the control module and the commutation module are connected in sequence;
  • the battery module includes n modular battery control units, and the modular battery control unit includes a battery, a first switch, and a second switch; the battery and the first switch are connected in series and then connected in parallel with the second switch; wherein n is a positive integer;
  • the first first switch and the first second switch are connected to serve as the first end of the battery module, and the nth battery cell and the nth second switch are connected to serve as the second end of the battery module;
  • the reversing module includes a first reversing switch, a second reversing switch, a third reversing switch, a fourth reversing switch and a filter unit
  • the filter unit includes a first end, a second end and a third end
  • the first end of the battery cell module is respectively connected to the first end of the first reversing switch and the third reversing switch
  • the second end of the first reversing switch is connected to the first end of the filter unit
  • the second end of the third reversing switch is connected to the third end of the filter unit
  • the second end of the battery cell module is respectively connected to the first end of the second reversing switch and the fourth reversing switch
  • the second reversing switch is connected to the first end of the filter unit
  • the second end of the fourth reversing switch is connected to the third end of the filter unit
  • the AC power grid is connected between the second end of the filter unit and the third end of the filter unit
  • the filter unit includes a first
  • the control module is in communication with the modular battery cell control unit and the reversing module, and is used to control the opening or closing of the first reversing switch, the second reversing switch, the third reversing switch, and the fourth reversing switch.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a control method for an energy storage system, the control method for the energy storage system comprising:
  • the operating mode includes a discharge mode and a charge mode
  • the energy storage system is in a charging mode and the grid voltage and the phase angle meet preset conditions, and the control module performs switching according to a first preset control strategy;
  • the energy storage system is in a discharge mode and the grid voltage and the phase angle meet preset conditions, and the control module performs switching according to a second preset control strategy.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an energy storage system, comprising: n-stage modular battery cell control units connected in series, the modular battery cell control unit comprising an external connection terminal, a battery cell, a temperature detection circuit, a battery cell micro-control module, a battery cell voltage detection circuit, a communication circuit and a switch switching module; n is a positive integer;
  • the battery cell is electrically connected to the external connection terminal through the switch switching module; the switch switching module is used to control whether the battery cell is connected to the energy storage system;
  • the temperature detection circuit is electrically connected to the battery cell and the battery cell micro-control module respectively, and the temperature detection circuit is used to detect the temperature of the battery cell and send the temperature information of the battery cell to the battery cell micro-control module;
  • the battery cell voltage detection circuit is connected in series between the battery cell and the battery cell micro-control module, and the battery cell voltage detection circuit is used to detect the voltage of the battery cell and send the voltage information of the battery cell to the battery cell micro-control module;
  • the communication circuit is in communication connection with the cell microcontroller module, and the communication circuit is used for information exchange between the modular cell control unit and the upper control unit;
  • the battery cell micro-control module is also electrically connected to the switch switching module, and the battery cell micro-control module is used to control the switch switching module according to the temperature information and/or voltage information of the battery cell and/or the interaction information of the upper control unit.
  • the embodiment of the present application forms an energy storage system by integrating the control circuit and the battery cell into a single module.
  • the product is modularized and standardized, making assembly and wiring convenient.
  • the energy storage system can be formed without a separate BMS and PCS, which makes assembly more convenient. Since a separate BMS and PCS are not required, the volume is reduced, so the overall cost of the entire energy storage system will be very low.
  • the bus capacitor in the traditional energy storage inverter is omitted, and the volume can be very small; the filter device does not need to be as large as the traditional energy storage inverter, which can also reduce the cost and volume; the control circuit can bypass the faulty battery cell, which does not affect the normal operation of the energy storage system, which is conducive to improving the utilization rate of the energy storage system and increasing the benefits. Since high-voltage batteries are used first during discharge and low-voltage batteries are used first during charging, there is no need for an additional BMS to control the batteries, which reduces the cost of the BMS.
  • the batteries can be connected in series to the system loop according to a certain algorithm, and new and old batteries can be mixed, which improves the utilization rate of the energy storage system and increases the benefits.
  • the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application sets up a modular battery cell control unit, uses the temperature detection circuit and the battery cell voltage detection circuit therein to detect the temperature and voltage information of the battery cell, and sends it to the battery cell micro-control module.
  • the battery cell micro-control module uploads the information to the superior control unit through the communication circuit.
  • the superior control unit sends instructions to the battery cell micro-control module based on the information of each module.
  • the battery cell micro-control module controls the switch switching module according to the instruction signal to control the battery cell to connect to the energy storage system or disconnect from the energy storage system.
  • the technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present application can modularize the battery cell control unit, and the energy storage system can be formed without the battery management system and the energy storage inverter, which is convenient for assembly and operation, and can reduce costs.
  • the present application solves the problems in the prior art that the energy storage inverter is large in size, the energy storage system is costly, and the new and old batteries cannot be mixed.
  • FIG1 is a circuit schematic diagram of a control circuit of an energy storage system provided according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a circuit schematic diagram of a control circuit of another energy storage system provided according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of an AC-DC conversion according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a flow chart of a cell switching algorithm logic provided according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a voltage waveform change provided according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a waveform diagram of inductive reactive power and capacitive reactive power provided according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG7 is a waveform diagram of another inductive reactive power and capacitive reactive power provided according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG8 is a waveform diagram of another inductive reactive power and capacitive reactive power provided according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG9 is a waveform diagram of another inductive reactive power and capacitive reactive power provided according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG10 is a topological diagram of a three-phase energy storage system provided according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG11 is a schematic diagram of voltage waveform changes of a three-phase energy storage system provided according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a modular battery cell control unit provided according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG13 is a schematic circuit diagram of a modular battery cell control unit provided according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a flow chart of a control method for an energy storage system provided according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG15 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another energy storage system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG1 is a circuit schematic diagram of a control circuit of an energy storage system provided according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the control circuit of the energy storage system comprises: a cell module 10, a control module 20 and a reversing module 30, wherein the cell module 10, the control module 20 and the reversing module 30 are connected in sequence;
  • the cell module 10 comprises n modular cell control units 11, wherein the modular cell control unit 11 comprises a cell, a first switch and a second switch; the cell and the first switch are connected in series and then connected in parallel with the second switch; wherein n is a positive integer; the first first switch and the first second switch are connected as the first end of the cell module 10, and the nth cell and the nth second switch are connected as the second end of the cell module 10;
  • the reversing module 30 comprises a first reversing switch Kb, a second reversing switch Kc, a third reversing switch K
  • the second end 312 and the third end 313, the first end of the battery module 10 is respectively connected to the first end of the first reversing switch Kb and the third reversing switch Kd, the second end of the first reversing switch Kb is connected to the first end 311 of the filter unit 31, and the second end of the third reversing switch Kd is connected to the third end 313 of the filter unit 31;
  • the second end of the battery module 10 is respectively connected to the first end of the second reversing switch Kc and the fourth reversing switch Ke, the second reversing switch Kc is connected to the first end 311 of the filter unit 31, the second end of the fourth reversing switch Ke is connected to the third end 313 of the filter unit 31, and the AC power grid is connected between the second end 312 of the filter unit 31 and the third end 313 of the filter unit 31;
  • the control module 20 is communicatively connected to the modular battery control unit 11 and the reversing module 30, and the control module 20 is used to control the opening or
  • the battery module 10 is composed of n modular battery control units 11, the energy storage inverter can be a filter unit 31, and the battery can be replaced by a module with any battery combination.
  • the B- of the modular battery control unit 11 is connected to the B+ of the lower unit, the B+ is connected to the B- of the upper unit, the B+ of the top unit is connected to the commutation unit, and the B- of the bottom unit is connected to the commutation module 30.
  • the control module 20 exchanges information with the modular battery control unit 11 through optical fiber communication.
  • the control module 20 drives the opening and closing of the first reversing switch Kb, the second reversing switch Kc, the third reversing switch Kd, and the fourth reversing switch Ke through optical fiber.
  • the control modules 20 can also communicate with each other through optical fiber.
  • the control module 20 can exchange information with external mobile devices such as mobile phones and computers through Bluetooth, 5G or WIFI modules.
  • the commutation module 30 is composed of a commutation control unit and a filter unit 31.
  • the commutation control unit is used to commutate the half-wave sinusoidal voltage, and the filter unit 31 is used to smooth the step wave of the battery cell.
  • the commutation control unit can be composed of 4 power switch tubes, and the filter unit 31 can be composed of LC filter components.
  • the filter unit 31 can select any combination of LC, LCL and other filter circuits according to actual conditions.
  • Figure 1 shows that the filter unit 31 is composed of an inductor L and a capacitor C. The inductor L and the capacitor C form an AC output filter circuit to make the AC output voltage smoother.
  • the first commutation switch Kb, the second commutation switch Kc, the third commutation switch Kd, the fourth commutation switch Ke, the n first switches and the n second switches are all high-power switch devices of the same model.
  • the high-power switch device can withstand higher voltages and realize shutdown and conduction through isolation drive.
  • the high-power switch device can be any one of MOSFET, IGBT, SCR, SiC, and GaN.
  • the basic principle of the system is as follows: the modular battery cell control unit 11 collects the temperature and voltage of the battery cell, and uploads the data to the external control board through optical fiber communication.
  • the external control board sends instructions to the modular battery cell control unit 11 through optical fiber communication according to a certain algorithm based on the collected information of each battery cell and the power grid status, and determines whether the battery cell is connected in series in the entire energy storage system by controlling the on and off of the corresponding first switch K1 and the second switch K1a.
  • the principle of cell fault bypass is as follows: when one of the cells fails, the modular cell control unit 11 only needs to disconnect the first switch K1 of the cell in series and close the second switch K1a in parallel to bypass the cell, so as not to affect the normal operation of the system. At this time, the modular cell control unit 11 tells the staff that the cell has a fault by flashing the LED light, so as to facilitate timely replacement of the faulty cell.
  • the embodiment of the present application integrates the control circuit and the battery cell into a single module to form an energy storage system.
  • the product is modularized and standardized, making assembly and wiring convenient.
  • the energy storage system can be formed without a separate BMS and PCS, and assembly is more convenient. Since no separate BMS and PCS are required, the volume is reduced, so the overall cost of the entire energy storage system will be very low.
  • the bus capacitor in the traditional energy storage inverter is omitted, and the volume can be very small; the filter device does not need to be selected as large as the traditional energy storage inverter, and the cost and volume can also be reduced; the control circuit can bypass the faulty battery cell, which does not affect the normal operation of the energy storage system, which is conducive to improving the utilization rate of the energy storage system and increasing the benefits. Since the battery cell with high voltage is used first during discharge and the battery cell with low voltage is used first during charging, there is no need for an additional BMS to control the battery cell, which reduces the cost of the BMS.
  • the battery cell can be connected in series to the system loop according to a certain algorithm, and the new and old battery cells can be mixed, which improves the utilization rate of the energy storage system and increases the benefits.
  • the present application solves the problems of large volume of energy storage inverter, high cost of energy storage system, and inability to mix new and old battery cells in the prior art.
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit schematic diagram of a control circuit of another energy storage system provided according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the modular battery cell control unit 11 also includes a battery cell sampling chip 111
  • the control module 20 also includes a main controller 21;
  • the battery cell sampling chip 111 is respectively communicated with n battery cells and the main controller 21, and the battery cell sampling chip 111 is used to collect the voltage and temperature of the n battery cells and send them to the main controller 21;
  • the main controller 21 is communicated with the first reversing switch Kb, the second reversing switch Kc, the third reversing switch Kd and the fourth reversing switch Ke, and the main controller 21 is used to analyze and calculate the received voltage and temperature, and control the opening or closing of the n first switches, the n second switches, the first reversing switch Kb, the second reversing switch Kc, the third reversing switch Kd and the fourth reversing switch Ke.
  • the cell sampling chip 111 can be a microcontroller unit (MCU), which is mainly used to collect the voltage and temperature of the cell.
  • the main controller 21 collects the total voltage of the cell module 10 to realize dynamic monitoring of the total voltage of the cell module 10.
  • the main controller 21 generates a certain control sequence based on the total voltage data to realize the conversion of AC to DC and DC to AC by controlling the switching device to turn off.
  • the main controller 21 is used to control the on and off of n first switches and n second switches, as well as data analysis and algorithm calculation. It can be composed of a single MCU, which is conducive to simplifying the circuit structure and reducing costs; it can also be composed of multiple MCUs, which can increase data processing speed and improve efficiency.
  • the commutation module 30 also includes a voltage sampling unit 32 and a current detection unit 33; the first end and the second end of the voltage sampling unit 32 are respectively connected to the eleventh end and the tenth end of the main controller 21, and the third end and the fourth end of the voltage sampling unit 32 are respectively connected to the second end 312 of the filter unit 31 and the third end 313 of the filter unit 31; the first end of the current detection unit 33 is connected to the twelfth end 12 of the main controller 21, and the second end of the current detection unit 33 is connected to the second end 312 of the filter unit 31.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of an AC-DC conversion according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the detailed working principle of the control circuit of the energy storage system is as follows:
  • the modular battery cell control unit detects the voltage and temperature values of the battery cell and uploads them to the control module.
  • phase angle ⁇ refers to the angle between the grid voltage Vs and the cell series circuit voltage Vi.
  • FIG4 is a flow chart of a cell switching algorithm logic provided according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the cell switching idea is: when charging, charge the cell with low voltage first; when discharging, discharge the cell with high voltage first.
  • the control module 20 sorts the voltage values of the cells in the modular cell control unit from low to high.
  • the grid voltage Vs and the phase angle ⁇ meet the preset conditions, the modular cell units are switched on and off, and the cells are added from low to high in sequence until they are approximately equal to Vi ⁇ sin(180 ⁇ nT/288), and then these modular cells are switched on and off into the circuit.
  • the control module 20 sorts the voltage values of the cells in the modular cell control unit from high to low.
  • the grid voltage Vs and the phase angle ⁇ meet the preset conditions, the modular cell units are switched on and off, and the cells are added from high to low until they are approximately equal to Vi ⁇ sin(180 ⁇ nT/288), and then these modular cells are switched on and off into the circuit.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a voltage waveform change provided according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 exemplarily shows a voltage waveform change during cell switching control of a single-phase energy storage system.
  • Figure 6 is a waveform diagram of inductive reactive power and capacitive reactive power provided according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 7 is a waveform diagram of another inductive reactive power and capacitive reactive power provided according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 8 is a waveform diagram of another inductive reactive power and capacitive reactive power provided according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 9 is a waveform diagram of another inductive reactive power and capacitive reactive power provided according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG10 is a topological diagram of a three-phase energy storage system provided according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG11 is a schematic diagram of a voltage waveform change of a three-phase energy storage system provided according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the working principle of the three-phase energy storage system is as follows: it is composed of three units: an A-phase unit, a B-phase unit, and a C-phase unit. The N line of each phase unit is connected, and the live wire of each phase unit corresponds to the three-phase live wires R, S, and T of the three-phase power grid.
  • the A-phase unit serves as the main control unit, and its control module 20 communicates with the other two phases through optical fiber communication.
  • the main control unit controls the B-phase and the C-phase to have a phase angle of 120 degrees in sequence, and each phase can be connected in series with the corresponding battery cell into the circuit according to the principle of the single-phase energy storage system.
  • FIG12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a modular battery cell control unit provided according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the modular battery cell control unit further includes: a temperature detection circuit 112, a power supply circuit 113, a battery cell voltage detection circuit 114, an indication circuit 115 and a communication circuit 116; a first end of the temperature detection circuit 112 is connected to the power supply circuit 113, a second end of the temperature detection circuit 112 is connected to a first end 1 of a battery cell sampling chip 111, a third end of the temperature detection circuit 112 is connected to a second end 2 of the battery cell sampling chip 111, a fourth end of the temperature detection circuit 112 is connected to a third end 3 of the battery cell sampling chip 111, and a fifth end of the temperature detection circuit 112 is grounded GND; A first end of the source circuit 113 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery cell, and a second end of the power circuit 113 is connected to the battery cell voltage detection circuit 114; a first end of the temperature detection circuit 112
  • the temperature detection circuit 112 is used to collect the temperature of the battery cell and send it to the MCU.
  • the power supply circuit 113 directly draws power from the battery cell and converts it into 5V or 3.3V required by the MCU and other circuits.
  • the battery cell voltage detection circuit 114 collects the voltage of the battery cell and transmits it to the MCU.
  • the indication circuit 115 is used to indicate the operating status of the modular battery cell control unit. When the indication circuit 115 is always on, the modular battery cell control unit operates normally. When the indication circuit 115 flashes, the modular battery cell control unit fails.
  • the communication circuit 116 is composed of an optical fiber terminal and an optical fiber communication chip, which is used to exchange information with the control module 20.
  • the battery cell-level control board can be on the side of the battery cell or on the front of the electrode. Depending on the actual situation, it can be structurally integrated with the battery cell to achieve modularization.
  • NTC Negative Temperature Coefficient
  • the battery cell voltage detection circuit includes: an operational amplifier U4, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6 and a seventh resistor R7; the first end of the operational amplifier U4 is connected to the first end of the seventh resistor R7, the second end of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to the ninth end 9 of the battery cell sampling chip 111, the second end of the operational amplifier U4 is connected to the first end of the fifth resistor R5, the second end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery cell, the third end 3 of the operational amplifier U4 is connected to the first end of the sixth resistor R6, and the second end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery cell.
  • the operational amplifier U4 and the fifth resistor R5, the sixth resistor R6, and the seventh resistor R7 form a cell voltage detection circuit to collect the cell voltage and transmit it to the MCU.
  • the indication circuit includes: an eighth resistor R8 and a light emitting diode D1, the first end of the eighth resistor R8 is connected to the eighth end 8 of the battery cell sampling chip 111, the second end of the eighth resistor R2 is connected to the anode of the light emitting diode D1, and the cathode of the light emitting diode D1 is connected to the fourth end 4 of the battery cell sampling chip 111.
  • the light emitting diode D1 is used to indicate the operating status of the modular battery cell control unit. When the light emitting diode D1 is always on, it indicates that the modular battery cell control unit is operating normally. When the light emitting diode D1 flashes, it indicates that a fault occurs in the modular battery cell control unit.
  • the modular battery cell control unit also includes: an isolation driver, a third resistor R3 and a fourth resistor R4; the first end of the isolation driver is connected to the control end of the first switch K1, the second end of the isolation driver is connected to the first end of the fourth resistor R4, the second end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the third end 3 of the battery cell sampling chip 111, the first end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the control end of the second switch K1a, and the second end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the second end 2 of the battery cell sampling chip 111.
  • the isolation driver includes a transformer or an optocoupler.
  • the high-voltage part of the circuit includes the battery cell
  • the low-voltage part includes the battery cell sampling chip. Therefore, an isolation driver needs to be set between the high-voltage part and the low-voltage part.
  • the transformer or optocoupler is used to isolate the control part of the circuit from the main circuit to prevent the strong current in the main circuit from interfering with the weak current signal in the control circuit.
  • Optocoupler isolation is mainly to prevent interference caused by electrical connections, especially between the low-voltage control circuit and the external high-voltage circuit.
  • Transformer isolation is mainly used to isolate dangerous voltages to ensure the safe operation of the circuit.
  • FIG. 14 is a flow chart of a control method of an energy storage system provided according to an embodiment of the present application. Referring to FIG. 14 , an embodiment of the present application further provides a control method of an energy storage system, and the control method of the energy storage system includes the following steps:
  • S130 Determine a working mode of the energy storage system, where the working mode includes a discharge mode and a charge mode.
  • S140 The energy storage system is in charging mode and the grid voltage and phase angle meet preset conditions, and the control module performs switching according to a first preset control strategy.
  • the energy storage system is in a discharge mode and the grid voltage and phase angle meet preset conditions, and the control module performs switching according to a second preset control strategy.
  • the user's power demand instruction is accepted, and the power demand instruction can be active power P & reactive power Q or active power P & power factor.
  • the control module sorts the voltage values of the modular cell control units from low to high.
  • the grid voltage Vs and the phase angle ⁇ meet the preset conditions, the modular cell units are switched on and off, and the cells are added from low to high until they are approximately equal to Vi ⁇ sin(180 ⁇ nT/288), and then these modular cells are switched on and off into the circuit.
  • the control module sorts the voltage values of the modular cell control units from high to low.
  • the grid voltage Vs and the phase angle ⁇ meet the preset conditions, the modular cell units are switched on and off, and the cells are added from high to low until they are approximately equal to Vi ⁇ sin(180 ⁇ nT/288), and then these modular cells are switched on and off into the circuit.
  • control method of the energy storage system provided in the embodiment of the present application is applied to the control circuit of the energy storage system. Its technical principles and the effects produced are similar and will not be repeated here.
  • FIG15 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the energy storage system includes: n-level modular battery cell control units 51 connected in series, the modular battery cell control unit 51 includes an external connection terminal 511, a battery cell 512, a temperature detection circuit 112, a battery cell micro-control module 514, a battery cell voltage detection circuit 114, a communication circuit 116 and a switch switching module 517, where n is a positive integer.
  • the battery cell 512 is electrically connected to the external connection terminal 511 via a switch switching module 517 ; the switch switching module 517 is used to control whether the battery cell 512 is connected to the energy storage system.
  • the temperature detection circuit 112 is electrically connected to the battery cell micro control module 514 .
  • the temperature detection circuit 112 is used to detect the temperature of the battery cell 512 and send the temperature to the battery cell micro control module 514 .
  • the cell voltage detection circuit 114 is connected in series between the cell 512 and the cell micro control module 514 .
  • the cell voltage detection circuit 114 is used to detect the voltage of the cell 512 and send the voltage to the cell micro control module 514 .
  • the communication circuit 116 is in communication connection with the cell micro-control module 514, and the communication circuit 116 is used for information exchange between the modular cell control unit 51 and the upper control unit.
  • the cell micro-control module 514 is also electrically connected to the switch switching module 517, and the cell micro-control module 514 is used to control the switch switching module 517 according to the temperature information, voltage information of the cell 512 and/or the interaction information of the upper control unit.
  • the communication circuit 116 may include an optical fiber terminal and an optical fiber communication chip.
  • the working principle of the modular battery cell control unit 51 is as follows: the temperature detection circuit 112 detects the temperature information of the battery cell 512 and sends it to the battery cell micro-control module 514.
  • the battery cell voltage detection circuit 114 detects the voltage information of the battery cell 512 and sends it to the battery cell micro-control module 514.
  • the battery cell micro-control module 514 uploads the received temperature and voltage information of the battery cell 512 to the superior control unit through the communication circuit 116.
  • the superior control unit sends instructions to the battery cell micro-control module 514 through the communication circuit 116 according to the information of each module and the power grid status, and according to the preset control strategy.
  • the battery cell micro-control module 514 controls the switch switching module 517 to perform corresponding actions according to the instruction, and controls the battery cell 512 to be connected in series in the energy storage system or disconnected from the energy storage system.
  • the technical solution of this embodiment is to set up a modular battery cell control unit 51, and use the temperature detection circuit 112 and the battery cell voltage detection circuit 114 therein to detect the temperature and voltage information of the battery cell 512, and send it to the battery cell micro-control module 514.
  • the battery cell micro-control module 514 uploads the information to the superior control unit through the communication circuit 116.
  • the superior control unit sends instructions to the battery cell micro-control module 514 according to the information of each module.
  • the battery cell micro-control module 514 controls the switch switching module 517 according to the instruction signal to control the battery cell 512 to connect to the energy storage system or disconnect from the energy storage system.
  • the technical solution provided in this embodiment can modularize the battery cell 512 control unit, and can form an energy storage system without a battery management system and an energy storage inverter, which is convenient for assembly and operation, and can reduce costs.
  • the external connection terminal 511 includes a positive connection terminal B+ and a negative connection terminal B ⁇ , and the negative connection terminal B ⁇ is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the battery cell 512 .
  • the switch switching module 517 includes a first switch K1 and a second switch K1a.
  • the first switch K1 is connected in series between the positive electrode of the battery cell 512 and the positive electrode connection terminal B+
  • the second switch K1a is connected in series between the positive electrode connection terminal B+ and the negative electrode connection terminal B ⁇ .
  • the first switch K1 and/or the second switch K1a includes a MOS tube.
  • the battery cell microcontroller module 514 sends a driving signal according to the instruction of the superior control unit to drive the MOS tubes in the first switch K1 and the second switch K1a to close or open, so as to control whether the battery cell 512 is connected to the energy storage system.
  • the MOS tube in the first switch K1 is closed, and the positive electrode connection terminal B+ is connected to the positive electrode of the battery cell 512; the MOS tube in the second switch K1a is disconnected, and the negative electrode connection terminal B- is connected to the negative electrode of the battery cell 512, and the battery cell 512 is connected to the energy storage system.
  • the MOS tube in the first switch K1 is disconnected, the positive electrode connection terminal B+ is disconnected from the positive electrode of the battery cell 512; the MOS tube in the second switch K1a is closed, and the negative electrode connection terminal B- is connected to the positive electrode connection terminal B+, then the battery cell 512 is disconnected from the energy storage system.
  • the external connection terminal 511 can be connected or disconnected with the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cell 512 by closing or opening the MOS tube therein, thereby controlling whether the battery cell 512 is connected to the energy storage system, making the energy storage system more convenient to operate.
  • the power supply voltage source 17 provides voltage to the NTC resistor NTC1 through the first resistor R1, and the NTC resistor NTC1 detects the temperature of the battery cell and transmits the temperature information to the battery cell microcontroller module through the second resistor R2.
  • the first capacitor C1 is used to filter out high-frequency interference signals from the power supply or circuit board induction.
  • NTC resistor NTC1 by setting NTC resistor NTC1, first resistor R1 and second resistor R2 in temperature detection circuit 112, the temperature of the battery cell is detected and the temperature information is transmitted to the battery cell micro control module.
  • Such a setting is conducive to the battery cell micro control module and the upper control unit to control the battery cell according to the temperature information.
  • the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 can prevent the current in the circuit from being too large, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage system.
  • the energy storage system further includes:
  • the power circuit 113 is electrically connected to the battery cell; the power circuit 113 is used to provide a power supply voltage source for the modular battery cell control unit.
  • the power circuit 113 directly draws power from the battery cell and converts it into the voltage required by the modular battery cell control unit.
  • the voltage may be 5V or 3.3V.
  • the modular battery cell control unit is powered by a power circuit 113.
  • the power circuit 113 has a simple structure and a flexible design, it is convenient to assemble and operate the modular battery cell control unit.
  • the cell micro-control module optionally includes a micro-control chip U2 , an isolation drive circuit U3 , a third resistor R3 and a fourth resistor R4 .
  • the micro-control chip U2 is the same as the cell sampling chip 111 described above.
  • the microcontroller chip U2 includes a first drive signal pin and a second drive signal pin, a third resistor R3 is connected in series between the first drive signal pin and the control end of the second switch K1a, and an isolation drive circuit U3 and a fourth resistor R4 are connected in series between the second drive signal pin and the control end of the first switch K1.
  • the microcontroller chip U2 outputs a first drive signal through a first drive signal pin to drive the second switch K1a to close or open; and outputs a second drive signal through a second drive signal pin to drive the first switch K1 to close or open. Since the operating frequency and input impedance of the MOS tubes in the first switch K1 and the second switch K1a are high and easily interfered, an isolation drive circuit U3 is provided to achieve isolation between the main circuit and the control circuit, so that it has a strong anti-interference ability and avoids interference of the power stage circuit with the control signal. Among them, the third resistor R3 and the fourth resistor R4 are used to prevent excessive current from damaging the circuit.
  • the microcontroller chip U2, the isolation drive circuit U3, the third resistor R3 and the fourth resistor R4 are arranged in the cell microcontroller module to control the first switch K1 and the second switch K1a. This arrangement can safely and effectively control whether the chip is connected to the energy storage system, and is convenient for assembly and operation.
  • the cell voltage detection circuit includes an operational amplifier U4, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, and a seventh resistor R7.
  • the voltage signal of the positive electrode of the cell is input into the operational amplifier U4 through the fifth resistor R5, and the voltage signal of the negative electrode of the cell is input into the operational amplifier U4 through the sixth resistor R6, generating a voltage difference, which is the voltage across the cell.
  • the operational amplifier U4 After the voltage is amplified by the operational amplifier U4, it is input into the cell micro-control module through the seventh resistor R7.
  • the voltage information of the battery cell is detected and transmitted to the battery cell micro-control module.
  • This arrangement is conducive to the battery cell micro-control module and the upper control unit to control the battery cell according to the voltage information.
  • the fifth resistor R5, the sixth resistor R6 and the seventh resistor R7 can prevent the current in the circuit from being too large and damaging the operational amplifier U4, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage system.
  • the energy storage system further includes: an eighth resistor R8 and an indicator light module D1 , the eighth resistor R8 and the indicator light module D1 are connected in series between the battery cell micro-control module and the ground terminal; the indicator light module D1 is used to indicate the state of the modular battery cell control unit.
  • the indicator light module D1 may include a light emitting diode or an incandescent lamp.
  • the cell microcontroller module controls the indicator light module D1 according to the temperature and voltage information of the cell, indicating the operating status of the modular cell control unit. For example, when the indicator light is always on, the modular cell control unit operates normally; when the indicator light flashes, the modular cell control unit fails to operate. Among them, the eighth resistor R8 is used to prevent excessive current.
  • the eighth resistor R8 and the indicator light module D1 are provided to indicate the operating status of the modular battery cell control unit, which has a simple structure and is convenient for users to understand the operating status of each modular battery cell control unit. When a fault occurs, the user can find the fault point in time, which is convenient for troubleshooting.
  • the temperature detection circuit 112 , the cell micro-control module 514 , the cell voltage detection circuit 114 , the communication circuit 116 and the switch switching module 517 are all arranged on the cell-level control board 10 .
  • the temperature detection circuit 112, the cell micro-control module 514, the cell voltage detection circuit 114, the communication circuit 116 and the switch switching module 517 are integrated on the cell-level control board 10, which can simplify the circuit design, reduce the circuit volume and reduce the cost. According to the actual situation, the cell-level control board 10 can be set on the side or front of the cell to form an integrated structure with the cell to realize the modularization of the cell control unit.
  • the temperature detection circuit 112 the cell micro-control module 514, the cell voltage detection circuit 114, the communication circuit 116 and the switch switching module 517 are integrated on the cell-level control board 10, which can reduce the circuit volume and effectively reduce the cost.
  • the cell-level control board 10 and the cell form an integrated structure, which is more convenient for the assembly and operation of the energy storage system.
  • FIG16 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another energy storage system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the energy storage system may further include:
  • the reversing module 3 includes a first reversing switch Kb, a second reversing switch Kc, a third reversing switch Kd, a fourth reversing switch Ke and a filter unit 30; wherein the filter unit 30 includes a filter input terminal, a filter output terminal and a common terminal; the first reversing switch Kb is connected in series between the positive electrode of the first-level modular battery cell control unit 1 and the filter input terminal; the second reversing switch Kc is connected in series between the negative electrode of the n-th-level modular battery cell control unit 1 and the filter input terminal; the third reversing switch Kd is connected in series between the positive electrode and the common terminal of the first-level modular battery cell control unit 1; the fourth reversing switch Ke is connected in series between the negative electrode and the common terminal of the n-th-level modular battery cell control unit 1; the filter output terminal and the common terminal serve as the output terminal of the reversing module 3;
  • the superior control unit 2 is used to control the states of the first switching switch Kb, the second switching switch Kc, the third switching switch Kd and the fourth switching switch Ke, so as to convert the direct current of the modular battery cell control unit 1 into alternating current.
  • the superior control unit 2 is the same as the aforementioned control module 20 .
  • the filtering unit 30 includes a first filtering inductor L and a first filtering capacitor C.
  • n-level modular battery cell control units are connected in series to form a modular battery cell unit.
  • the positive electrode connection terminal B+ of the first-level modular battery cell control unit is electrically connected to the reversing module 3
  • the negative electrode connection terminal B- of the first-level modular battery cell control unit is electrically connected to the positive electrode connection terminal B+ of the second-level modular battery cell control unit
  • the remaining modular battery cell control units sequentially connect the positive electrode connection terminal B+ to the negative electrode connection terminal B- of the previous-level modular battery cell control unit
  • the negative electrode connection terminal B- of the n-th-level modular battery cell control unit is electrically connected to the reversing module 3.
  • the upper-level control unit 2 includes a main control chip 20 , a first communication unit 21 and a second communication unit 22 .
  • the upper control unit 2 interacts with the modular battery cell control unit 1 through the first communication unit 21; and drives the switch in the commutation module 3 to turn on or off through the second communication unit 22.
  • the commutation module 3 is used to commutate the half-wave sinusoidal voltage.
  • the filter unit 30 is used to smooth the step wave of the battery cell.
  • the upper control unit 2 can also exchange information with the mobile device through Bluetooth or 5G or WIFI module.
  • the mobile device can be a mobile phone or a computer.
  • the number of modular cell control units is limited by the grid voltage.
  • the energy storage system further includes:
  • a current detection unit 4 the current detection unit 4 is electrically connected to the upper control unit 2, and the current detection unit 4 is used to detect the current at the filter output end and send it to the upper control unit 2;
  • the voltage sampling unit 5 is electrically connected to the upper-level control unit 2 .
  • the voltage sampling unit 5 is used to detect the voltage at the output end of the commutation module 3 and send it to the upper-level control unit 2 .
  • the voltage sampling unit 5 is used to phase-lock the grid voltage.
  • the current detection unit 4 is used to detect the system current and disconnect the switch in the commutation module 3 when the current exceeds a preset threshold.
  • S120 Receive a user power demand instruction, wherein the user power demand instruction includes an active power instruction and a reactive power instruction or an active power instruction and a power factor instruction.
  • the modular battery cell control unit 1 detects the voltage and temperature of the battery cell and uploads the detected voltage and temperature to the upper-level control unit 2 .
  • P represents active power
  • Q represents reactive power
  • L represents filter inductance
  • the grid voltage and the filter output current are detected, which is beneficial to the voltage calculation when switching the modular battery control unit 1 and improving the safety of the system circuit.
  • the technical solution of this embodiment converts the DC power of the modular cell control unit into AC power by providing the upper control unit 2 and the commutation module 3.
  • the technical solution of this embodiment does not require the installation of an energy storage inverter, which can reduce the cost and volume of the system.
  • the voltage waveform is commutated into a complete sine wave.
  • the cell voltages of the n-level modular cell control units 1 are added from low to high until the sum of the voltages of the m cells is approximately equal to the voltage peak value.
  • the upper control unit 2 sends instructions to the m modular cell control units 1 participating in the calculation, so that the first switch K1 is closed and the second switch K1a is disconnected, and the m cells are connected in series to the energy storage system.
  • the upper control unit 2 sends instructions to the remaining nm modular cell control units 1, so that the first switch K1 is disconnected and the second switch K1a is closed, and the nm cells are disconnected from the energy storage system.
  • the loop voltage of the entire system is approximately equal to the voltage peak value.
  • the voltage forms a step sine half wave between 1T and 288T, and the second sine half wave is commutated to become a step sine wave, and then it becomes a smooth sine wave after passing through the filter unit 30.
  • the working mode of the energy storage system and the type of reactive power output can be selected according to the needs of the user.
  • the working mode of the energy storage system includes rectification mode and inverter mode.
  • the type of reactive power output by the energy storage system includes inductive reactive power and capacitive reactive power.
  • Cell fault bypass principle When one of the cells fails, the cell microcontroller 14 only needs to disconnect the first switch K1 of the modular cell control unit 1 and close its second switch K1a to bypass the cell, thereby not affecting the normal operation of the system. At this time, the cell microcontroller 14 controls the indicator light module D1 to flash, indicating that the modular cell control unit 1 has a fault.
  • the technical solution of this embodiment uses a switching logic algorithm to charge the battery cells with low battery voltage first during charging and discharge the battery cells with high voltage first during discharging, without the need for an additional battery management system to control the battery cells, thereby reducing the cost of the energy storage system.
  • the battery cell micro-control module 14 controls the first switch K1 of the modular battery cell control unit 1 to be disconnected, and the second switch K1a to be closed to bypass the battery cell, and the control indicator light module D1 to issue a prompt to the user, thereby not affecting the normal operation of the system and facilitating rapid troubleshooting of system failures.
  • the energy storage system outputs three-phase AC power
  • the three-phase AC output module outputs AC power with a phase angle difference of 120 degrees.
  • the superior control unit 2 further includes a third communication unit 23 .
  • the three-phase AC power output modules are respectively an A-phase AC power output module, a B-phase AC power output module and a C-phase AC power output module.
  • each phase AC output module is connected, and the live line L of each phase AC output module is correspondingly connected to the three-phase live lines (including R line, S line, and T line) of the three-phase power grid.
  • the upper control unit 2 in the A-phase AC output module serves as the main control unit, and communicates with the other two-phase AC output modules through the third communication unit 23 to control the AC outputs of the other two-phase AC output modules to have a phase angle difference of 120 degrees.
  • the technical solution of this embodiment forms a one-phase AC output module of the energy storage system through the series connection of n-level modular battery control unit 1, upper control unit 2 and commutation module 3.
  • the energy storage system outputs three-phase AC power and connects to the power grid.
  • the technical solution of this embodiment can form an output three-phase energy storage system without a battery management system and an energy storage converter, which is convenient for assembly and operation and can reduce costs.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种储能系统的控制电路及方法。储能系统的控制电路包括电芯模组、控制模块和换向模块，电芯模组、控制模块与换向模块依次连接；电芯模组包括n个模块化电芯控制单元，模块化电芯控制单元包括电芯，第一开关和第二开关；电芯和第一开关串联后与第二开关并联；n为正整数；第一个第一开关和第一个第二开关连接后作为电芯模组的第一端，第n个电芯和第n个第二开关连接后作为电芯模组的第二端；控制模块与模块化电芯控制单元以及换向模块通信连接，控制模块用于控制第一换向开关、第二换向开关、第三换向开关以及第四换向开关的开通或关断。

Description

一种储能系统的控制电路、方法及储能系统

本申请要求在2023年6月30日提交中国专利局、申请号为202310802285.X、202321712965.4、202310795655.1及202321701876.X的中国专利申请的优先权，以上申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域

本申请实施例涉及电源电路技术领域，尤其涉及一种储能系统的控制电路、方法及储能系统。
 背景技术

相关技术中，锂电池储能系统主要由电池系统和储能逆变器（Power Conversion System，PCS）组成，PCS主要是通过电力电子技术实现电池直流电压与电网交流电压之间的相互转换。PCS可控制电池系统的充电和放电，进行交直流的变换，在无电网情况下可以直接为交流负荷供电。其中，电池系统都是通过15s或16s电芯串联成模块，再由模块串联成Pack（组合电池），再多个pack串联成电池簇，直到串成所需要的高电压后通过PCS与交流电网进行能量交互，并且电池模块或Pack里面有电池管理系统（Battery Management System，BMS）的从控单元，电池簇里面有BMS的主控单元对电池系统进行管理。

但是随着电芯容量和尺寸越来越大，单个电芯尺寸大，重量重，如果再串联成模块，模块的尺寸很大，重量会达几百斤，不方便组装操作。另外，由于BMS和PCS成本较高，存在PCS体积较大，储能系统成本高，新旧电芯无法混用的缺陷。
 技术问题

本申请提供一种储能系统的控制电路、方法及储能系统，可以减小储能逆变器的体积，降低成本，提高储能系统的利用率，增加收益。
 技术解决方案

第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种储能系统的控制电路，该储能系统的控制电路包括：电芯模组、控制模块和换向模块，所述电芯模组、所述控制模块与所述换向模块依次连接；

所述电芯模组包括n个模块化电芯控制单元，所述模块化电芯控制单元包括电芯，第一开关和第二开关；所述电芯和所述第一开关串联后与所述第二开关并联；其中，所述n为正整数；

第一个第一开关和第一个第二开关连接后作为所述电芯模组的第一端，第n个电芯和第n个第二开关连接后作为所述电芯模组的第二端；

所述换向模块包括第一换向开关、第二换向开关、第三换向开关、第四换向开关和滤波单元，所述滤波单元包括第一端、第二端和第三端，所述电芯模组的第一端分别与所述第一换向开关和所述第三换向开关的第一端连接，所述第一换向开关的第二端与所述滤波单元的第一端连接，所述第三换向开关的第二端与所述滤波单元的第三端连接；所述电芯模组的第二端分别与所述第二换向开关和所述第四换向开关的第一端连接，所述第二换向开关与所述滤波单元的第一端连接，所述第四换向开关的第二端与所述滤波单元的第三端连接，交流电网连接于所述滤波单元的第二端和所述滤波单元的第三端之间；

所述控制模块与所述模块化电芯控制单元以及所述换向模块通信连接，所述控制模块用于控制所述第一换向开关、所述第二换向开关、所述第三换向开关以及所述第四换向开关的开通或关断。

第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种储能系统的控制方法，该储能系统的控制方法包括：

检测交流电网电压；

根据所述交流电网电压和电芯串联回路电压计算电网电压和回路电压之间的相位角；

确定所述储能系统的工作模式，所述工作模式包括放电模式和充电模式；

所述储能系统处于充电模式且所述电网电压和所述相位角符合预设条件，所述控制模块按照第一预设控制策略进行投切；

所述储能系统处于放电模式且所述电网电压和所述相位角符合预设条件，所述控制模块按照第二预设控制策略进行投切。
 有益效果

第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种储能系统，包括：串联连接的n级模块化电芯控制单元，所述模块化电芯控制单元包括外接连接端、电芯、温度检测 电路、电芯微控制模块 、电芯电压检测电路、通信电路和开关切换模块；所述n为正整数；
 附图说明

其中，所述电芯通过所述开关切换模块与所述外接连接端电连接；所述开关切换模块用于控制所述电芯是否接入所述储能系统；

所述温度检测电路分别与所述电芯和所述电芯微控制模块电连接，所述温度检测电路用于对所述电芯进行温度检测，并发送电芯的温度信息至所述电芯微控制模块；

所述电芯电压检测电路串联于所述电芯和所述电芯微控制模块之间，所述电芯电压检测电路用于对所述电芯进行电压检测，并发送电芯的电压信息至所述电芯微控制模块；

所述通信电路与所述电芯微控制模块通信连接，所述通信电路用于所述模块化电芯控制单元与上级控制单元之间的信息交互；

所述电芯微控制模块还与所述开关切换模块电连接，所述电芯微控制模块用于根据所述电芯的温度信息、和/或电压信息和/或所述上级控制单元的交互信息对所述开关切换模块进行控制。

本申请实施例通过把控制电路与电芯集成为一个单独的模块，从而构成储能系统，产品模块化、标准化，使得组装及接线方便。不需要单独的BMS和PCS即可组成储能系统，组装更方便，由于无需单独的BMS和PCS，体积变小使得整个储能系统的整体成本会很低。省掉了传统储能逆变器中的母线电容，可以体积很小；滤波器件不需要像传统储能逆变器那样选很大，也可以降低成本和体积；控制电路可以将故障电芯旁路掉，不影响储能系统的正常运行，有利于提高储能系统利用率，收益增加。由于放电时优先使用电压高的电芯，充电时优先使用电压低的电芯，故无需额外的BMS对电芯进行控制，减少了BMS的成本，电芯可以根据一定的算法串联串联到系统回路中，并且新旧电芯可以混用，提高储能系统的利用率，增加收益。

另外，本申请实施例的技术方案通过设置模块化电芯控制单元，利用其中的温度检测电路和电芯电压检测电路检测电芯的温度和电压信息，将其发送至电芯微控制模块。电芯微控制模块通过通信电路将该信息上传至上级控制单元。上级控制单元根据各模块的信息下发指令给电芯微控制模块。电芯微控制模块根据指令信号控制开关切换模块，控制电芯接入储能系统或从储能系统中断开。本申请实施例提供的技术方案可以将电芯控制单元模块化，无需电池管理系统和储能变流器即可组成储能系统，方便组装和操作，并可以降低成本。综上所述，本申请解决了现有技术中存在储能逆变器体积大、储能系统成本高、新旧电芯无法混用的问题。

图1是根据本申请实施例提供的一种储能系统的控制电路的电路原理图；

图2是根据本申请实施例提供的又一种储能系统的控制电路的电路原理图；

图3是根据本申请实施例提供的一种交直流变换的原理图；

图4是根据本申请实施例提供的一种电芯投切算法逻辑的流程图；

图5是根据本申请实施例提供的一种电压波形变化的示意图；

图6是根据本申请实施例提供的一种感性无功和容性无功的波形图；

图7是根据本申请实施例提供的又一种感性无功和容性无功的波形图；
 本发明的实施方式

图8是根据本申请实施例提供的又一种感性无功和容性无功的波形图；

图9是根据本申请实施例提供的又一种感性无功和容性无功的波形图；

图10是根据本申请实施例提供的一种三相储能系统的拓扑图；

图11是根据本申请实施例提供的一种三相储能系统电压波形变化的示意图；

图12是根据本申请实施例提供的一种模块化电芯控制单元的结构示意图；

图13是根据本申请实施例提供的一种模块化电芯控制单元电路原理图；

图14是根据本申请实施例提供的一种储能系统的控制方法的流程图；

图15为本申请实施例提供的一种储能系统的结构示意图；

图16为本申请实施例提供的又一种储能系统的结构示意图。

图1是根据本申请实施例提供的一种储能系统的控制电路的电路原理图，参考图1，本申请实施例提供了一种储能系统的控制电路，该储能系统的控制电路包括：电芯模组10、控制模块20和换向模块30，电芯模组10、控制模块20与换向模块30依次连接；电芯模组10包括n个模块化电芯控制单元11，模块化电芯控制单元11包括电芯，第一开关和第二开关；电芯和第一开关串联后与第二开关并联；其中，n为正整数；第一个第一开关和第一个第二开关连接后作为电芯模组10的第一端，第n个电芯和第n个第二开关连接后作为电芯模组10的第二端；换向模块30包括第一换向开关Kb、第二换向开关Kc、第三换向开关Kd、第四换向开关Ke和滤波单元31，滤波单元31包括第一端311、第二端312和第三端313，电芯模组10的第一端分别与第一换向开关Kb和第三换向开关Kd的第一端连接，第一换向开关Kb的第二端与滤波单元31的第一端311连接，第三换向开关Kd的第二端与滤波单元31的第三端313连接；电芯模组10的第二端分别与第二换向开关Kc和第四换向开关Ke的第一端连接，第二换向开关Kc与滤波单元31的第一端311连接，第四换向开关Ke的第二端与滤波单元31的第三端313连接，交流电网连接于滤波单元31的第二端312和滤波单元31的第三端313之间；控制模块20与模块化电芯控制单元11以及换向模块30通信连接，控制模块20用于控制第一换向开关Kb、第二换向开关Kc、第三换向开关Kd以及第四换向开关Ke的开通或关断。

具体的，电芯模组10由n个模块化电芯控制单元11构成，储能逆变器可以为滤波单元31，电芯可以由任意电芯组合的模组替代。模块化电芯控制单元11的B-接下面单元的B+，B+接上面单元的B-，最上面的单元B+接换向单元，最下面单元的B-接换向模块30。如果组成储能系统并网到电网上，模块化电芯的数量受电网电压限制。以230V电网为例进行说明，模块化电芯串联数=230V×1.1×1.414/2.5V=144个，故230V电网系统至少需要144个模块化电芯控制单元11串联组成。

控制模块20通过光纤通信与模块化电芯控制单元11进行信息交互。控制模块20通过光纤驱动第一换向开关Kb、第二换向开关Kc、第三换向开关Kd以及第四换向开关Ke的开通和关断。控制模块20之间也可以通过光纤进行通信。可选地，控制模块20可以通过蓝牙、5G或WIFI模块与手机和电脑等外部移动设备进行信息交互。

换向模块30由换向控制单元和滤波单元31构成，换向控制单元用于将半波正弦电压进行换向处理，滤波单元31用于将电芯的阶梯波进行平滑滤波。换向控制单元可以由4个功率开关管组成，滤波单元31可以由LC滤波器件组成。滤波单元31可以根据实际情况选用LC，LCL等滤波电路任意组合。图1示例性的示出了滤波单元31由电感L，电容C构成，电感L，电容C组成交流输出滤波电路，使交流输出电压更平滑。第一换向开关Kb、第二换向开关Kc、第三换向开关Kd、第四换向开关Ke、n个第一开关和n个第二开关均为相同型号的大功率开关器件，大功率开关器件可以承受较高的电压，通过隔离驱动实现关断和导通。例如，大功率开关器件可以为MOSFET、IGBT、SCR、SiC、GaN中的任何一种。

系统基本原理具体为：模块化电芯控制单元11采集电芯的温度和电压，将其数据通过光纤通信上传给外部控制板，外部控制板根据采集到的各电芯的信息和电网状态，根据一定的算法通过光纤通信发送指令给模块化电芯控制单元11，通过控制相应的第一开关K1和第二开关K1a的通断，来决定该电芯是否串联在整个储能系统中。

电芯故障旁路原理具体为：当其中一个电芯出现故障时，只需要通过模块化电芯控制单元11一直断开该电芯串联的第一开关K1，闭合其并联的第二开关K1a，即可旁路掉该电芯，从而不影响系统正常运行。此时，模块化电芯控制单元11通过LED灯快闪的方式告诉工作人员此电芯存在故障，便于及时更换掉故障电芯。

本申请实施例通过把控制电路与电芯集成为一个单独的模块，从而构成储能系统，产品模块化、标准化，使得组装及接线方便。不需要单独的BMS和PCS即可组成储能系统，组装更方便，由于无需单独的BMS和PCS，体积变小使得整个储能系统的整体成本会很低。省掉了传统储能逆变器中的母线电容，可以体积很小；滤波器件不需要像传统储能逆变器那样选很大，也可以降低成本和体积；控制电路可以将故障电芯旁路掉，不影响储能系统的正常运行，有利于提高储能系统利用率，收益增加。由于放电时优先使用电压高的电芯，充电时优先使用电压低的电芯，故无需额外的BMS对电芯进行控制，减少了BMS的成本，电芯可以根据一定的算法串联串联到系统回路中，并且新旧电芯可以混用，提高储能系统的利用率，增加收益。综上所述，本申请解决了现有技术中存在储能逆变器体积大、储能系统成本高、新旧电芯无法混用的问题。

图2是根据本申请实施例提供的又一种储能系统的控制电路的电路原理图，参考图2，可选地，模块化电芯控制单元11还包括电芯采样芯片111，控制模块20还包括主控制器21；电芯采样芯片111分别与n个电芯以及主控制器21通信连接，电芯采样芯片111用于采集n个电芯的电压和温度并发送给主控制器21；主控制器21与第一换向开关Kb、第二换向开关Kc、第三换向开关Kd和第四换向开关Ke通信连接，主控制器21用于对接收到的电压和温度进行分析计算，并控制n个第一开关、n个第二开关、第一换向开关Kb、第二换向开关Kc、第三换向开关Kd和第四换向开关Ke的开通或关断。

具体的，电芯采样芯片111可以为微控制单元（Microcontroller Unit，MCU），MCU主要用来采集电芯的电压和温度等。主控制器21采集电芯模组10的总电压，实现对电芯模组10总电压的动态监控，主控制器21根据总电压的数据生成一定的控制时序通过控制开关器件的关断来实现交流变直流以及直流变交流。主控制器21用来控制n个第一开关、n个第二开关的通断及数据分析和算法计算，可以由单一MCU组成，单一MCU有利于简化电路结构，降低成本；也可以由多MCU组成，多MCU可以提高数据处理速度，提高效率。

继续参考图2，可选地，换向模块30还包括电压采样单元32和电流检测单元33；电压采样单元32的第一端和第二端分别与主控制器21的第十一端和第十端连接，电压采样单元32的第三端和第四端分别与滤波单元31的第二端312和滤波单元31的第三端313连接；电流检测单元33的第一端与主控制器21的第十二端12连接，电流检测单元33的第二端与滤波单元31的第二端312连接。

图3是根据本申请实施例提供的一种交直流变换的原理图，参考图3，储能系统的控制电路的详细工作原理如下：

1）接受用户功率需求指令，功率需求指令可以为有功功率P&无功功率Q或者为有功功率P&功率因数。

2）模块化电芯控制单元检测电芯的电压值和温度值并上传给控制模块。

3）检测电网电压Vs，并计算其幅值和相位。

4）根据P=3Vs×Vi×sinδ/jWL；Q=3Vs×(Vs-Vi×conδ/jWL)计算出电芯串联回路电压Vi的幅值和相位角δ值。其中，相位角δ是指电网电压Vs和电芯串联回路电压Vi之间的夹角。

5）将Vi正弦半波分成288等分，nT时刻的电压峰值为Vi×sin(180×nT/288)。

6）在电网电压Vs和相位角δ符合预设条件时，开始投切模块化电芯控制单元。投切的模块化电压单元相加的电压总和需接近于Vi×sin(180×nT/288)。

需要说明的是模块化电芯投切逻辑算法可以有很多种，以充电时先给电芯电压低的电芯充电，放电时优先给电压高的电芯放电的投切思想为例进行说明：例如：在充电模式下，在144T时刻，电压峰值为Vi×sin90=Vi，将电芯电压从低到高相加，一直加到约等于Vi，然后通过控制单元发送指令给这些模块电芯单元关闭K1，断开K1a，则这些电芯就都串联到系统回路中去了，剩余电芯关闭K1a，断开K1。则此时整个系统回路电压约等于Vi。这样在1T~288T之间则形成了1个阶梯的正弦半波，将第2个正弦半波进行换向处理就变成了阶梯的正弦波，然后经过LC滤波则变成了平滑的正弦波。

图4是根据本申请实施例提供的一种电芯投切算法逻辑的流程图，参考图4，电芯投切思想：充电时，先给电芯电压低的电芯充电；放电时，优先给电压高的电芯放电。

储能系统为充电模式时，控制模块20将模块化电芯控制单元中电芯的电压值由低到高进行排序。在电网电压Vs和相位角δ符合预设条件时，开始投切模块化电芯单元，将电芯依次从低到高进行相加，一直加到约等于Vi×sin(180×nT/288)，然后将这些模块化电芯投切到回路中。

储能系统为放电模式时，控制模块20将模块化电芯控制单元中电芯的电压值由高到低进行排序。在电网电压Vs和相位角δ符合预设条件时，开始投切模块化电芯单元，将电芯依次从高到低进行相加，一直加到约等于Vi×sin(180×nT/288)，然后将这些模块化电芯投切到回路中。

图5是根据本申请实施例提供的一种电压波形变化的示意图，参考图5，图5示例性的示出了单相储能系统电芯投切控制时的电压波形变化。

图6是根据本申请实施例提供的一种感性无功和容性无功的波形图，图7是根据本申请实施例提供的又一种感性无功和容性无功的波形图，图8是根据本申请实施例提供的又一种感性无功和容性无功的波形图，图9是根据本申请实施例提供的又一种感性无功和容性无功的波形图，参考图6、图7、图8和图9，储能系统是工作在整流模式还是逆变模式，是感性无功还是容性无功是根据用户的需求指令来的，最终控制模块20根据指令计算出Vi和δ值，整流模式和逆变模式，感性无功和容性无功的波形图如图6、图7、图8和图9所示。图10是根据本申请实施例提供的一种三相储能系统的拓扑图，图11是根据本申请实施例提供的一种三相储能系统电压波形变化的示意图，参考图10和图11，三相储能系统的工作原理：由A相单元、B相单元和C相单元3个单元组成，将每相单元的N线相连，每相单元的火线对应到三相电网的三相火线R，S，T。A相单元作为主控单元，其控制模块20通过光纤通信与其他两相进行通信。主控单元控制B相和C相依次相差120度的相位角，每相按照单相储能系统的原理串联对应的电芯进回路即可。

图12是根据本申请实施例提供的一种模块化电芯控制单元的结构示意图，参考图12，可选地，模块化电芯控制单元还包括：温度检测电路112、电源电路113、电芯电压检测电路114、指示电路115以及通信电路116；温度检测电路112的第一端与电源电路113连接，温度检测电路112的第二端与电芯采样芯片111的第一端1连接，温度检测电路112的第三端与电芯采样芯片111的第二端2连接，温度检测电路112的第四端与电芯采样芯片111的第三端3连接，温度检测电路112的第五端接地GND；电源电路113的第一端与电芯的正极连接，电源电路113的第二端与电芯电压检测电路114连接；电芯电压检测电路114的第一端与电芯采样芯片111的第九端9连接，电芯电压检测电路114的第二端与电芯的正极连接，电芯电压检测电路114的第三端与电芯的负极连接；指示电路115的第一端与电芯采样芯片111的第八端8连接，指示电路115的第二端与电芯采样芯片111的第四端4连接；通信电路116的第一端与电芯采样芯片111的第六端6和第七端7连接，通信电路116的第二端与外部控制单元通信连接。

具体的，电芯为大容量电芯，特点为尺寸大，重量重。电芯采样芯片111可以为MCU，第一开关K1与电芯串联，通过MCU的控制进行开通和关断。电芯和第一开关K1串联后再与第二开关K1a并联，通过MCU控制其开通和关断。MCU用来接收温度检测电路112采集的电芯温度和电芯电压检测电路114检测到的电芯电压，将其数据通过光纤通信上传给电芯级控制板，电芯级控制板可以与控制模块20通信连接，进行数据的上传以及指令的接收，以及根据电芯级控制板接收到的指令控制第一开关K1和第二开关K1a的通断。MCU根据电芯电压的温度和电压值控制指示电路115的亮灭。

温度检测电路112用于采集电芯的温度并发送给MCU。电源电路113直接从电芯取电然后转化为MCU和其他电路所需的5V或者3.3V。电芯电压检测电路114采集电芯的电压并传输至MCU。指示电路115用来指示模块化电芯控制单元的运行状态，当指示电路115常亮时，模块化电芯控制单元运行正常，当指示电路115闪烁时，模块化电芯控制单元发生故障。通信电路116由光纤端子和光纤通信芯片组成，用来与控制模块20进行信息交互。电芯级控制板可以在电芯侧面也可以在电极正面，依实际情况与电芯在结构上做成一体实现模块化。

图13是根据本申请实施例提供的一种模块化电芯控制单元电路原理图，参考图13，可选地，温度检测电路包括：NTC热敏电阻、第一电阻R1、第二电阻R2和第一电容C1；NTC热敏电阻的第一端与第一电阻R1以及第二电阻R2的第一端连接，第一电阻R1的第二端与电源电路113连接，第二电阻R2的第二端与电芯采样芯片111的第一端1连接，第一电容C1连接在电芯采样芯片111的第二端2和第三端3之间，NTC热敏电阻的第二端与第一电容C1的第二端连接后接地GND。

具体的，NTC热敏电阻贴在电芯上，NTC热敏电阻与第一电阻R1，第二电阻R2，第一电容C1和电源组成温度检测电路，采集电芯的温度并发送给MCU。

NTC（Negative Temperature Coefficient）热敏电阻的电阻值随温度的升高而下降。

继续参考图13，可选地，电芯电压检测电路包括：运算放大器U4、第五电阻R5、第六电阻R6和第七电阻R7；运算放大器U4的第一端与第七电阻R7的第一端连接，第七电阻R7的第二端与电芯采样芯片111的第九端9连接，运算放大器U4的第二端与第五电阻R5的第一端连接，第五电阻R5的第二端与电芯的正极连接，运算放大器U4的第三端3与第六电阻R6的第一端连接，第六电阻R6的第二端与电芯的负极连接。

具体的，运算放大器U4与第五电阻R5，第六电阻R6，第七电阻R7组成电芯电压检测电路，采集电芯的电压并传输至MCU。

继续参考图13，可选地，指示电路包括：第八电阻R8和发光二极管D1，第八电阻R8的第一端与电芯采样芯片111的第八端8连接，第八电阻R2的第二端与发光二极管D1的阳极连接，发光二极管D1的阴极与电芯采样芯片111的第四端4连接。

具体的，发光二极管D1用来指示模块化电芯控制单元的运行状态，当发光二极管D1常亮时，说明模块化电芯控制单元正常运行，发光二极管D1闪烁时，说明模块化电芯控制单元发生故障。

继续参考图13，可选地，模块化电芯控制单元还包括：隔离驱动、第三电阻R3和第四电阻R4；隔离驱动的第一端与第一开关K1的控制端连接，隔离驱动的第二端与第四电阻R4的第一端连接，第四电阻R4的第二端与电芯采样芯片111的第三端3连接，第三电阻R3的第一端与第二开关K1a的控制端连接，第三电阻R3的第二端与电芯采样芯片111的第二端2连接。

可选地，隔离驱动包括变压器或者光耦。

具体的，电路中高压部分包括电芯，低压部分包括电芯采样芯片，因此，高压部分与低压部分之间需要设置隔离驱动。变压器或者光耦用于电路的控制部分和主回路隔离，避免主回路中的强电干扰控制回路中的弱电信号。光耦隔离主要是防止因有电的连接而引起的干扰，特别是低压的控制电路与外部高压电路之间。变压隔离主要用于隔离危险电压，确保电路的安全运行。

图14是根据本申请实施例提供的一种储能系统的控制方法的流程图，参考图14，本申请实施例还提供了一种储能系统的控制方法，该储能系统的控制方法包括以下步骤：

S110、检测交流电网电压。

S120、根据交流电网电压和电芯串联回路电压计算电网电压和回路电压之间的相位角。

S130、确定储能系统的工作模式，工作模式包括放电模式和充电模式。

S140、储能系统处于充电模式且电网电压和相位角符合预设条件，控制模块按照第一预设控制策略进行投切。

S150、储能系统处于放电模式且电网电压和相位角符合预设条件，控制模块按照第二预设控制策略进行投切。

具体的，接受用户功率需求指令，功率需求指令可以为有功功率P&无功功率Q或者为有功功率P&功率因数。模块化电芯控制单元检测电芯的电压值和温度值并上传给控制模块。检测电网电压Vs，并计算其幅值和相位。根据P=3Vs×Vi×sinδ/jWL；Q=3Vs×(Vs-Vi×conδ/jWL)计算出电芯串联回路电压Vi的幅值和相位角δ值。其中，相位角δ是指电网电压Vs和电芯串联回路电压Vi之间的夹角。将Vi正弦半波分成288等分，nT时刻的电压峰值为Vi×sin(180×nT/288)。在电网电压Vs和相位角δ符合预设条件时，开始投切模块化电芯控制单元。投切的模块化电压单元相加的电压总和需接近于Vi×sin(180×nT/288)。

储能系统为充电模式时，控制模块将模块化电芯控制单元电压值由低到高进行排序。在电网电压Vs和相位角δ符合预设条件时，开始投切模块化电芯单元，将电芯依次从低到高进行相加，一直加到约等于Vi×sin(180×nT/288)，然后将这些模块化电芯投切到回路中。

储能系统为放电模式时，控制模块将模块化电芯控制单元电压值由高到低进行排序。在电网电压Vs和相位角δ符合预设条件时，开始投切模块化电芯单元，将电芯依次从高到低进行相加，一直加到约等于Vi×sin(180×nT/288)，然后将这些模块化电芯投切到回路中。

本申请实施例提供的储能系统的控制方法应用于储能系统的控制电路，其技术原理和产生的效果类似，这里不再赘述。

图15为本申请实施例提供的一种储能系统的结构示意图。参见图15，该储能系统包括：串联连接的n级模块化电芯控制单元51，模块化电芯控制单元51包括外接连接端511、电芯512、温度检测电路112、电芯微控制模块514、电芯电压检测电路114、通信电路116和开关切换模块517，n为正整数。

其中，电芯512通过开关切换模块517与外接连接端511电连接；开关切换模块517用于控制电芯512是否接入储能系统。

温度检测电路112与电芯微控制模块514电连接，温度检测电路112用于对电芯512进行温度检测，并发送至电芯微控制模块514。

电芯电压检测电路114串联于电芯512和电芯微控制模块514之间，电芯电压检测电路114用于对电芯512进行电压检测，并发送至电芯微控制模块514。

通信电路116与电芯微控制模块514通信连接，通信电路116用于模块化电芯控制单元51与上级控制单元之间的信息交互。电芯微控制模块514还与开关切换模块517电连接，电芯微控制模块514用于根据电芯512的温度信息、电压信息和/或上级控制单元的交互信息对开关切换模块517进行控制。

其中，通信电路116可以包括光纤端子和光纤通信芯片。具体地，模块化电芯控制单元51的工作原理为：温度检测电路112检测得到电芯512的温度信息，将其发送至电芯微控制模块514。电芯电压检测电路114检测得到电芯512的电压信息，将其发送至电芯微控制模块514。电芯微控制模块514将接收到的电芯512的温度和电压信息，通过通信电路116上传至上级控制单元。上级控制单元根据各模块的信息和电网状态，并根据预设的控制策略，通过通信电路116下发指令给电芯微控制模块514。电芯微控制模块514接收到指令信号后，根据指令控制开关切换模块517执行相应的动作，控制电芯512串联在储能系统中或者从储能系统中断开。

本实施例的技术方案通过设置模块化电芯控制单元51，利用其中的温度检测电路112和电芯电压检测电路114检测电芯512的温度和电压信息，将其发送至电芯微控制模块514。电芯微控制模块514通过通信电路116将该信息上传至上级控制单元。上级控制单元根据各模块的信息下发指令给电芯微控制模块514。电芯微控制模块514根据指令信号控制开关切换模块517，控制电芯512接入储能系统或从储能系统中断开。本实施例提供的技术方案可以将电芯512控制单元模块化，无需电池管理系统和储能变流器即可组成储能系统，方便组装和操作，并可以降低成本。

参见图13，在上述各实施例的基础上，可选地，外接连接端511包括正极连接端B+和负极连接端B-，负极连接端B-与电芯512的负极电连接。

开关切换模块517包括第一开关K1和第二开关K1a，第一开关K1串联于电芯512的正极和正极连接端B+之间，第二开关K1a串联于正极连接端B+和负极连接端B-之间。

继续参见图13，在上述各实施例的基础上，可选地，第一开关K1和/或第二开关K1a包括MOS管。

具体地，电芯微控制模块514根据上级控制单元的指令发出驱动信号，驱动第一开关K1和第二开关K1a中的MOS管闭合或断开，以控制电芯512是否接入储能系统中。例如，第一开关K1中的MOS管闭合，正极连接端B+与电芯512正极连接；第二开关K1a中的MOS管断开，负极连接端B-与电芯512的负极连接，此时电芯512接入储能系统。又如第一开关K1中的MOS管断开，正极连接端B+与电芯512正极断开；第二开关K1a中的MOS管闭合，负极连接端B-与正极连接端B+连接，则电芯512从储能系统中断开。

在本实施例中，通过在开关切换模块517设置第一开关K1和第二开关K1a，通过其中的MOS管闭合或断开，能够使外接连接端511与电芯512的正、负极连接或断开，从而控制电芯512是否接入储能系统，使储能系统更加方便操作。

参见图13，供电电压源17通过第一电阻R1向NTC电阻NTC1提供电压，NTC电阻NTC1检测电芯的温度并将温度信息通过第二电阻R2传输给电芯微控制模块。第一电容C1用于滤除来自电源的或者电路板感应而来的高频干扰信号。

在本实施例中，通过在温度检测电路112中设置NTC电阻NTC1、第一电阻R1和第二电阻R2，检测电芯的温度并将温度信息传输给电芯微控制模块。这样设置，有利于电芯微控制模块及上级控制单元根据温度信息对电芯进行控制。其中，第一电阻R1和第二电阻R2可以防止电路中电流过大，提升储能系统的安全性。

继续参见图13，在上述各实施例的基础上，可选地，储能系统还包括：

电源电路113，电源电路113与电芯电连接；电源电路113用于提供模块化电芯控制单元的供电电压源。

具体地，电源电路113直接从电芯取电，将其转化为模块化电芯控制单元所需要的电压。示例性地，该电压可以是5V或3.3V。

在本实施例中，通过设置电源电路113，为模块化电芯控制单元供电。这样设置，由于电源电路113结构简单，设计灵活，所以对模块化电芯控制单元进行组装和操作时比较方便。

继续参见图13，在上述各实施例的基础上，可选地，电芯微控制模块包括微控制芯片U2、隔离驱动电路U3、第三电阻R3和第四电阻R4。在本申请的一实施例中，微控制芯片U2与前述的电芯采样芯片111相同。

微控制芯片U2包括第一驱动信号引脚和第二驱动信号引脚，第三电阻R3串联于第一驱动信号引脚和第二开关K1a的控制端之间，隔离驱动电路U3和第四电阻R4串联于第二驱动信号引脚和第一开关K1的控制端之间。

具体地，微控制芯片U2通过第一驱动信号引脚输出第一驱动信号，驱动第二开关K1a闭合或断开；通过第二驱动信号引脚输出第二驱动信号，驱动第一开关K1闭合或断开。由于第一开关K1和第二开关K1a中的MOS管的工作频率及输入阻抗高，容易被干扰，故设置隔离驱动电路U3，以实现主电路与控制电路之间的隔离，使之具有较强的抗干扰能力，避免功率级电路对控制信号的干扰。其中，第三电阻R3和第四电阻R4用于防止电流过大，损坏电路。

在本实施例中，通过在电芯微控制模块中设置微控制芯片U2、隔离驱动电路U3、第三电阻R3和第四电阻R4，实现对第一开关K1和第二开关K1a的控制。这样设置，可以安全有效地控制芯片是否接入储能系统，方便组装和操作。

参见图13，电芯电压检测电路包括运算放大器U4、第五电阻R5、第六电阻R6和第七电阻R7。电芯正极的电压信号通过第五电阻R5输入运算放大器U4，同时电芯负极的电压信号通过第六电阻R6输入运算放大器U4，产生电压差，即为电芯两端的电压。该电压经过运算放大器U4放大后，通过第七电阻R7输入电芯微控制模块。

在本实施例中，通过在电芯电压检测电路114中设置运算放大器U4、第五电阻R5、第六电阻R6和第七电阻R7，检测得到电芯的电压信息并将其传输给电芯微控制模块。这样设置，有利于电芯微控制模块及上级控制单元根据电压信息对电芯进行控制。其中，第五电阻R5、第六电阻R6和第七电阻R7可以防止电路中电流过大，损坏运算放大器U4，从而提升储能系统的安全性。

继续参见图13，在上述各实施例的基础上，可选地，储能系统还包括：第八电阻R8和指示灯模块D1，第八电阻R8和指示灯模块D1串联于电芯微控制模块和接地端之间；指示灯模块D1用于指示模块化电芯控制单元的状态。

其中，指示灯模块D1可以包括发光二极管或白炽灯等。

具体地，电芯微控制模块根据电芯的温度和电压信息控制指示灯模块D1，指示模块化电芯控制单元的运行状态。示例性地，指示灯常亮时，模块化电芯控制单元运行正常；指示灯闪烁时，模块化电芯控制单元运行故障。其中，第八电阻R8用于防止电流过大。

在本实施例中，通过设置第八电阻R8和指示灯模块D1，指示模块化电芯控制单元的运行状态，结构简单，便于用户了解各个模块化电芯控制单元的运行状态。在故障发生时，能够使用户及时发现故障点，便于故障的排查。

在上述各实施例的基础上，温度检测电路112、电芯微控制模块514、电芯电压检测电路114、通信电路116和开关切换模块517均设置于电芯级控制板10上。

具体地，温度检测电路112、电芯微控制模块514、电芯电压检测电路114、通信电路116和开关切换模块517集成于电芯级控制板10上，可以简化电路设计，减小电路体积，降低成本。其中，根据实际情况，电芯级控制板10可以设置在电芯侧面或正面，与电芯组成一体式结构，实现电芯控制单元模块化。

在本实施例中，通过设置电芯级控制板10，将温度检测电路112、电芯微控制模块514、电芯电压检测电路114、通信电路116和开关切换模块517集成于电芯级控制板10上，可以减少电路体积，有效降低成本。并且电芯级控制板10与电芯组成一体式结构，更加方便储能系统组装和操作。

图16为本申请实施例提供的又一种储能系统的结构示意图。参见图16，在上述各实施例的基础上，可选地，储能系统还包括：

上级控制单元2；

换向模块3，包括第一换向开关Kb、第二换向开关Kc、第三换向开关Kd、第四换向开关Ke和滤波单元30；其中，滤波单元30包括滤波输入端、滤波输出端和公共端；第一换向开关Kb串联于第1级模块化电芯控制单元1的正极和滤波输入端之间；第二换向开关Kc串联于第n级模块化电芯控制单元1的负极和滤波输入端之间；第三换向开关Kd串联于第1级模块化电芯控制单元1的正极和公共端之间；第四换向开关Ke串联于第n级模块化电芯控制单元1的负极和公共端之间；滤波输出端和公共端作为换向模块3的输出端；

上级控制单元2用于控制第一换向开关Kb、第二换向开关Kc、第三换向开关Kd和第四换向开关Ke的状态，以将模块化电芯控制单元1的直流电换向为交流电。

在一实施例中，上级控制单元2与前述的控制模块20相同。

继续参见图16，可选地，滤波单元30包括第一滤波电感L和第一滤波电容C。

继续参见图16，可选地，n级模块化电芯控制单元串联成模块化电芯单元。其中，第1级模块化电芯控制单元的正极连接端B+与换向模块3电连接，第一级模块化电芯控制单元的负极连接端B-与第2级模块化电芯控制单元的正极连接端B+电连接，其余模块化电芯控制单元按顺序依次将正极连接端B+与上一级模块化电芯控制单元的负极连接端B-电连接，第n级模块化电芯控制单元的负极连接端B-与换向模块3电连接。

继续参见图16，可选地，上级控制单元2包括主控芯片20、第一通信单元21和第二通信单元22。

具体地，上级控制单元2通过第一通信单元21与模块化电芯控制单元1进行交互；通过第二通信单元22驱动换向模块3中的开关开通或关断。换向模块3用于将半波正弦电压进行换向处理。滤波单元30用于将电芯的阶梯波进行平滑滤波。上级控制单元2还可以通过蓝牙或5G或WIFI模块与移动设备进行信息交互。示例性地，移动设备可以为手机或电脑等。

当储能电网并网时，模块化电芯控制单元数量受到电网电压的限制。以230V电网为例，模块化电芯控制单元数量为n=230×1.1×1.414/2.5=144个，故230V电网系统至少需要144个模块化电芯控制单元1串联组成。

继续参见图16，在上述各实施例的基础上，可选地，储能系统还包括：

电流检测单元4，电流检测单元4与上级控制单元2电连接，电流检测单元4用于检测滤波输出端的电流，并发送至上级控制单元2；

电压采样单元5，电压采样单元5与上级控制单元2电连接，电压采样单元5用于检测换向模块3的输出端的电压，并发送至上级控制单元2。

具体地，电压采样单元5用于对电网电压进行锁相。电流检测单元4用于检测系统电流，当电流超过预设阀值时断开换向模块3中的开关。

本申请实施例储能系统的工作原理为：

S110、系统上电。

S120、接收用户功率需求指令。其中，用户功率需求指令包括有功功率指令和无功功率指令或者有功功率指令和功率因数指令。

S130、模块化电芯控制单元1检测电芯的电压和温度并上传给上级控制单元2。

S140、检测电网电压Vs，并计算其幅值和相位。

S150、计算n级模块化电芯控制单元1串联回路电压Vi的幅值和相位角δ值。其计算公式为：

P=3Vs×Vi×sinδ/jωL

Q=3Vs×(Vs-Vi×cosδ)/jωL

其中，P表示有功功率，Q表示无功功率，L表示滤波电感。

S160、将n级模块化电芯控制单元1串联回路电压Vi正弦半波分成288等分，nT时刻的电压峰值为Vi×sin(180×nT/288)。

S170、在电网电压相位角δ时开始投切模块化电芯控制单元1。投切的模块化电芯控制单元1相加的电压总和需接近于电压峰值。

在本实施例中，通过设置电流检测单元4和电压采样单元5，对电网电压和滤波端输出电流进行检测，有利于投切模块化电芯控制单元1时的电压计算以及提升系统电路的安全性。

本实施例的技术方案通过设置上级控制单元2和换向模块3，以将模块化电芯控制单元的直流电换向为交流电。本实施例的技术方案无需加装储能逆变器，即可以降低系统的成本和体积。

需要说明的是，模块化电芯控制单元投切的逻辑算法有多种，下面以充电时先给电芯电压低的电芯充电，放电时优先给电压高的电芯放电的投切逻辑算法为例进行具体说明，但不作为对本申请的限定。

在上述各实施例的基础上，参见上述图5，电压波形经过换向处理成完整的正弦波。

示例性地，在充电模式下，144T时刻的电压峰值Vp为Vp=Vi×sin90°=Vi，将n级模块化电芯控制单元1的电芯电压从低到高依次相加，直至m个电芯电压之和约等于电压峰值。通过上级控制单元2向参与计算的m个模块化电芯控制单元1发送指令，使其中的第一开关K1闭合，第二开关K1a断开，则m个电芯串联接入储能系统。同时通过上级控制单元2向其余n-m个模块化电芯控制单元1发送指令，使其中的第一开关K1断开，第二开关K1a关闭，则该n-m个电芯从储能系统中断开。此时，整个系统回路电压约等于电压峰值。电压在1T~288T之间则形成了1个阶梯的正弦半波，将第2个正弦半波进行换向处理就变成了阶梯的正弦波，然后经过滤波单元30则变成了平滑的正弦波。

参见上述图6，当电网电压相位角δ=0，n级模块化电芯控制单元1串联回路电压Vi大于电网电压Vs时，系统处于放电模式，系统输出为纯有功输出。参见上述图7，当电网电压相位角δ=0， n级模块化电芯控制单元1串联回路电压Vi小于电网电压Vs时，系统处于充电模式，系统输出为纯有功输出。参见上述图8，当电网电压相位角δ<0，n级模块化电芯控制单元1串联回路电压Vi大于电网电压Vs时，系统处于放电模式，系统输出为有功和感性无功输出。参见上述图9，当电网电压相位角δ>0，n级模块化电芯控制单元1串联回路电压Vi大于电网电压Vs时，系统处于放电模式，系统输出为有功和容性无功输出。

需要说明的是，储能系统的工作模式以及输出的无功功率类型可以根据用户的需求进行选择。其中，储能系统的工作模式包括整流模式和逆变模式。储能系统输出的无功功率类型包括感性无功功率和容性无功功率。

电芯故障旁路原理：当其中一个电芯出现故障时，只需要通过电芯微控制模块14一直断开该模块化电芯控制单元1的第一开关K1，闭合其第二开关K1a即可旁路掉该电芯，从而不影响系统的正常运行。此时通过电芯微控制模块14控制指示灯模块D1闪烁，表示此模块化电芯控制单元1出现故障。

本实施例的技术方案通过充电时先给电芯电压低的电芯充电，放电时优先给电压高的电芯放电的投切逻辑算法，无需额外的电池管理系统对电芯进行控制，即可以降低储能系统的成本。以及在单个电芯故障时，通过电芯微控制模块14控制该模块化电芯控制单元1的第一开关K1断开，第二开关K1a闭合可旁路掉该电芯，并且控制指示灯模块D1向用户发出提示，从而不影响系统的正常运行，有利于快速排查系统故障。

参见上述图10，储能系统输出三相交流电；

串联连接的n级模块化电芯控制单元1、上级控制单元2和换向模块3组成储能系统的一相交流电输出模组；

三相交流电输出模组输出的交流电依次相差120度相位角。

继续参见图10，可选地，上级控制单元2还包括第三通信单元23。

其中，三相交流电输出模组分别为A相交流电输出模组、B相交流电输出模组和C相交流电输出模组。

具体地，将每一相交流电输出模组的零线N相连，每一相交流电输出模组的火线L对应连接到三相电网的三相火线（包括R线、S线、T线）。A相交流电输出模组中的上级控制单元2作为主控单元，通过第三通信单元23与其他两相交流电输出模组进行通信，控制其他两相交流电输出模组输出的交流电依次相差120度相位角。

本实施例的技术方案通过串联连接的n级模块化电芯控制单元1、上级控制单元2和换向模块3组成储能系统的一相交流电输出模组，储能系统输出三相交流电，与电网对接。本实施例的技术方案无需电池管理系统和储能变流器即可组成输出三相储能系统，方便组装和操作，并可以降低成本。

Claims (23)


  1. 一种储能系统的控制电路，包括：电芯模组、控制模块和换向模块，所述电芯模组、所述控制模块与所述换向模块依次连接；
    所述电芯模组包括n个模块化电芯控制单元，所述模块化电芯控制单元包括电芯，第一开关和第二开关；所述电芯和所述第一开关串联后与所述第二开关并联；其中，所述n为正整数；
    第一个第一开关和第一个第二开关连接后作为所述电芯模组的第一端，第n个电芯和第n个第二开关连接后作为所述电芯模组的第二端；
    所述换向模块包括第一换向开关、第二换向开关、第三换向开关、第四换向开关和滤波单元，所述滤波单元包括第一端、第二端和第三端，所述电芯模组的第一端分别与所述第一换向开关和所述第三换向开关的第一端连接，所述第一换向开关的第二端与所述滤波单元的第一端连接，所述第三换向开关的第二端与所述滤波单元的第三端连接；所述电芯模组的第二端分别与所述第二换向开关和所述第四换向开关的第一端连接，所述第二换向开关与所述滤波单元的第一端连接，所述第四换向开关的第二端与所述滤波单元的第三端连接，交流电网连接于所述滤波单元的第二端和所述滤波单元的第三端之间；
    所述控制模块与所述模块化电芯控制单元以及所述换向模块通信连接，所述控制模块用于控制所述第一换向开关、所述第二换向开关、所述第三换向开关以及所述第四换向开关的开通或关断。

  2. 根据权利要求1所述的控制电路，其中，所述模块化电芯控制单元还包括电芯采样芯片，所述控制模块还包括主控制器；
    所述电芯采样芯片分别与n个电芯以及所述主控制器通信连接，所述电芯采样芯片用于采集n个电芯的电压和温度并发送给所述主控制器；
    所述主控制器与所述第一换向开关、所述第二换向开关、所述第三换向开关以及所述第四换向开关通信连接，所述主控制器用于对接收到的所述电压和温度进行分析计算，并控制所述n个第一开关、所述n个第二开关、所述第一换向开关、所述第二换向开关、所述第三换向开关和所述第四换向开关的开通或关断。

  3. 根据权利要求2所述的控制电路，其中，所述换向模块还包括电压采样单元和电流检测单元；
    所述电压采样单元的第一端和第二端分别与主控制器的第十一端和第十端连接，所述电压采样单元的第三端和第四端分别与所述滤波单元的第二端和所述滤波单元的第三端连接；
    所述电流检测单元的第一端与所述主控制器的第十二端连接，所述电流检测单元的第二端与所述滤波单元的第二端连接。

  4. 根据权利要求2所述的控制电路，其中，所述模块化电芯控制单元还包括：温度检测电路、电源电路、电芯电压检测电路、指示电路以及通信电路；
    所述温度检测电路的第一端与所述电源电路连接，所述温度检测电路的第二端与所述电芯采样芯片的第一端连接，所述温度检测电路的第三端与所述电芯采样芯片的第二端连接，所述温度检测电路的第四端与所述电芯采样芯片的第三端连接，所述温度检测电路的第五端接地；
    所述电源电路的第一端与所述电芯的正极连接，所述电源电路的第二端与所述电芯电压检测电路连接；
    所述电芯电压检测电路的第一端与所述电芯采样芯片的第九端连接，所述电芯电压检测电路的第二端与所述电芯的正极连接，所述电芯电压检测电路的第三端与所述电芯的负极连接；
    所述指示电路的第一端与所述电芯采样芯片的第八端连接，所述指示电路的第二端与所述电芯采样芯片的第四端连接；
    所述通信电路的第一端与所述电芯采样芯片的第六端和第七端连接，所述通信电路的第二端与外部控制单元通信连接。

  5. 根据权利要求4所述的控制电路，其中，所述温度检测电路包括：NTC热敏电阻、第一电阻、第二电阻和第一电容；
    所述NTC热敏电阻的第一端与所述第一电阻以及所述第二电阻的第一端连接，所述第一电阻的第二端与所述电源电路连接，所述第二电阻的第二端与所述电芯采样芯片的第一端连接，所述第一电容连接在所述电芯采样芯片的第二端和第三端之间，所述NTC热敏电阻的第二端与所述第一电容的第二端连接后接地。

  6. 根据权利要求4所述的控制电路，其中，所述电芯电压检测电路包括：运算放大器、第五电阻、第六电阻和第七电阻；
    所述运算放大器的第一端与所述第七电阻的第一端连接，所述第七电阻的第二端与所述电芯采样芯片的第九端连接，所述运算放大器的第二端与所述第五电阻的第一端连接，所述第五电阻的第二端与所述电芯的正极连接，所述运算放大器的第三端与所述第六电阻的第一端连接，所述第六电阻的第二端与所述电芯的负极连接。

  7. 根据权利要求4所述的控制电路，其中，所述指示电路包括：第八电阻和发光二极管，所述第八电阻的第一端与所述电芯采样芯片的第八端连接，所述第八电阻的第二端与所述发光二极管的阳极连接，所述发光二极管的阴极与所述电芯采样芯片的第四端连接。

  8. 根据权利要求4至7中任一项所述的控制电路，其中，所述模块化电芯控制单元还包括：隔离驱动、第三电阻和第四电阻；
    所述隔离驱动的第一端与所述第一开关的控制端连接，所述隔离驱动的第二端与所述第四电阻的第一端连接，所述第四电阻的第二端与所述电芯采样芯片的第三端连接，所述第三电阻的第一端与所述第二开关的控制端连接，所述第三电阻的第二端与所述电芯采样芯片的第二端连接。

  9. 根据权利要求8所述的控制电路，其中，所述隔离驱动包括变压器或者光耦。

  10. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的控制电路，其中，所述控制模块通过蓝牙、5G或WIFI的方式与外部移动设备进行信息交互。

  11. 一种储能系统的控制方法，包括：
    检测交流电网电压；
    根据所述交流电网电压和电芯串联回路电压计算电网电压和回路电压间的相位角；
    确定所述储能系统的工作模式，所述工作模式包括放电模式和充电模式；
    所述储能系统处于充电模式且所述电网电压和所述相位角符合预设条件，控制模块按照第一预设控制策略进行投切；
    所述储能系统处于放电模式且所述电网电压和所述相位角符合预设条件，控制模块按照第二预设控制策略进行投切。

  12. 一种储能系统，包括：
    串联连接的n级模块化电芯控制单元，所述模块化电芯控制单元包括外接连接端、电芯、温度检测电路、电芯微控制模块、电芯电压检测电路、通信电路和开关切换模块；所述n为正整数；
    其中，所述电芯通过所述开关切换模块与所述外接连接端电连接；所述开关切换模块用于控制所述电芯是否接入所述储能系统；
    所述温度检测电路分别与所述电芯和所述电芯微控制模块电连接，所述温度检测电路用于对所述电芯进行温度检测，并发送电芯的温度信息至所述电芯微控制模块；
    所述电芯电压检测电路串联于所述电芯和所述电芯微控制模块之间，所述电芯电压检测电路用于对所述电芯进行电压检测，并发送电芯的电压信息至所述电芯微控制模块；
    所述通信电路与所述电芯微控制模块通信连接，所述通信电路用于所述模块化电芯控制单元与上级控制单元之间的信息交互；
    所述电芯微控制模块还与所述开关切换模块电连接，所述电芯微控制模块用于根据所述电芯的温度信息、和/或电压信息和/或所述上级控制单元的交互信息对所述开关切换模块进行控制。

  13. 根据权利要求 12所述的储能系统，其中，所述外接连接端包括正极连接端和负极连接端，所述负极连接端与所述电芯的负极电连接； 
    所述开关切换模块包括第一开关和第二开关，所述第一开关串联于所述电芯的正极和所述正极连接端之间，所述第二开关串联于所述正极连接端和所述负极连接端之间。 

  14. 根据权利要求 13所述的储能系统，其特征在于，所述第一开关和/或所述第二开关包括 MOS 管。 

  15. 根据权利要求 12 所述的储能系统，其特征在于，所述温度检测电路包括 NTC 电阻、第一电阻、第二电阻和第一电容；所述 NTC电阻的第一端与所述第一电阻的第一端电连接，所述第一电阻的第二端与供电电压源电连接；
    所述第二电阻的第一端与所述第一电阻的第一端电连接，所述第二电阻的第二端与所述电芯微控制模块电连接；所述第一电容与所述第一电阻的第一端
    电连接，所述第一电容与所述 NTC 电阻的第二端电连接；所述 NTC电阻的第二端接地。 

  16. 根据权利要求 15所述的储能系统，其特征在于，所述储能系统还包括： 
    电源电路，所述电源电路与所述电芯电连接；所述电源电路用于提供所述模块化电芯控制单元的所述供电电压源。 

  17. 根据权利要求 13所述的储能系统，其中，所述电芯微控制模块包括微控制芯片、隔离驱动电路、第三电阻和第四电阻； 
    所述微控制芯片包括第一驱动信号引脚和第二驱动信号引脚，所述第三电阻串联于所述第一驱动信号引脚和所述第二开关的控制端之间，所述隔离驱动电路和所述第四电阻串联于所述第二驱动信号引脚和所述第一开关的控制端之间。 

  18. 根据权利要求 13所述的储能系统，其特征在于，所述电芯电压检测电路包括运算放大器、第五电阻、第六电阻和第七电阻； 
    所述第五电阻串联于所述电芯的正极和所述运算放大器的第一输入端之间，所述第六电阻串联于所述电芯的负极和所述运算放大器的第二输入端之间，所述第七电阻串联于所述运算放大器的输出端和所述电芯微控制模块之间。 

  19. 根据权利要求 12所述的储能系统，其中，所述储能系统还包括：第八电阻和指示灯模块，所述第八电阻和所述指示灯模块串联于所述电芯微控制模块和接地端之间；所述指示灯模块用于指示所述模块化电芯控制单元的状态。 

  20. 根据权利要求 12-19任一所述的储能系统，其中，所述储能系统包括：电芯级控制板；
    所述温度检测电路、所述电芯微控制模块、所述电芯电压检测电路、所述通信电路和所述开关切换模块均设置于所述电芯级控制板上。 

  21. 根据权利要求12-19任一所述的储能系统，其中，所述储能系统还包括： 
    所述上级控制单元； 
    换向模块，包括第一换向开关、第二换向开关、第三换向开关、第四换向开关和滤波单元；其中，所述滤波单元包括滤波输入端、滤波输出端和公共端；所述第一换向开关串联于第 1 级所述模块化电芯控制单元的正极和所述滤波输入端之间；所述第二换向开关串联于第 n 级所述模块化电芯控制单元的负极和所述滤波输入端之间；所述第三换向开关串联于第 1 级所述模块化电芯控制单元的正极和所述公共端之间；所述第四换向开关串联于第 n 级所述模块化电芯控制单元的负极和所述公共端之间；所述滤波输出端和公共端作为所述换向模块的输出端； 
    所述上级控制单元用于控制所述第一换向开关、所述第二换向开关、所述第三换向开关和所述第四换向开关的状态，以将所述模块化电芯控制单元的直流电换向为交流电。 

  22. 根据权利要求 21所述的储能系统，其中，所述储能系统还包括： 
    电流检测单元，所述电流检测单元与所述上级控制单元电连接，所述电流检测单元用于检测所述滤波输出端的电流，并发送至所述上级控制单元； 
    电压采样单元，所述电压采样单元与所述上级控制单元电连接，所述电压采样单元用于检测所述换向模块的输出端的电压，并发送至所述上级控制单元。 

  23. 根据权利要求 21所述的储能系统，其中，所述储能系统输出三相交流电； 
    所述串联连接的 n 级模块化电芯控制单元、所述上级控制单元和所述换向模块组成所述储能系统的一相交流电输出模组； 
    三相所述交流电输出模组输出的交流电依次相差 120 度相位角。
PCT/CN2024/070528 2023-06-30 2024-03-01 一种储能系统的控制电路、方法及储能系统 Ceased WO2025001040A1 (zh)

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